Information Circular 8925 Explosives and Blasting Procedures Manual By Richard A. Dick, Larry R. Fletcher, and Dennis V. D’Andrea US Department of Interior Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement Kenneth K. Eltschlager Mcing/Basting Engineer 3 Parkway Center ptsburgh, PA 15220 Phone 412.937.2169 Fax 412.937.3012, Kokschigesve-gov UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR James G. Watt, Secretary BUREAU OF MINES Robert C. Horton, DirectorAs the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of our land and water re- sources, protecting our fish gnd wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdocr recreation. The Department assesses ‘our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interests of all our people. The Department also has a major Te sponsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who Nive in Island Territories under U.S. administration. This publication has been cataloged as follows: Dick, Richard A Explosives and blasting pescedures manual. (Bureau of Mines Information circular ; 8925) Supt. of Docs, noe: 1 28.27:8925. J Blasting-flandbooks, manuals, ete, 2. ExplosivesHandbocks, manuals, eter ly Flescher, Latty RT. DtAndrea, Dennis Ve. Illy Titles IVs. Seeiest Information circulae (United States. Bureau of Mines) 58925, TN295,U4 (TN279] 6225 [6227.23] 82-600353, Tor sale by the Supetinvenden’ af Documenta, US, Govemment Printing Office Washington, D.Ce 20402CONTENTS Abstract Introduction | Chapter 1.—Explosives Products Chemistry and physics of explosives ‘Types of explosives and blasting agenis Nitoghycern-ased high exposive.. Dry Blasting agents.. Suures... ‘Two-component explosives. Pormissibie explosives... Primers and boosters Ligud oxygen explosive and black powder Properties of explosives. Strength. Detonation velocity Density Water resistance Fume class... Detonation pressure... Borehole pressure Sensitivity and sensiiveness, Explosive selection criteria, Explosive cost... Charge diameter. Cost of ailing. Fragmentation diticuities, Waier conditions. ‘Adequacy of ventilation .. ‘Atmospheric temperature. Propagating ground. Storage considerations. Sensitivity considerations. Explosive aospheres Raterences. ‘Chapter 2—Intiation and Priming Electric iniation Types of circuits Circuit calculations. Power sources.. Circuit testing, Entraneous electricity ‘Additional considerations. Detonating cord initiation Detonating cord products. Field application Delay systems... General considerations Dotaline system. Cap-and-fuse init Components. Field applications. Delays General considerations Other nonelectrc initiation systems Hercudet Nonel.. Page Chapter 2.—inttiation and Priming—Con. Priming. ‘Types of explosive used Primer makeup... Primer location ‘Multiple priming References. Chapter 3—Blasthole Loading Checking the blasthole... General loading procedures ‘Smal-ciameter blastholes.. Cartridged products... Bulk dry blasting agent Buk slurries. Permissible biesting Large-diameter blasthoies.. Packaged product... Bulk dy blasting agents Buk sturies. References. Chapter 4.—Blast Design Properties and geology of the rock mass, Characterizing the rock mass. Rock density and hardness... Voids anc “Types of blast pattems Burden Subciling. Collar cstance (emming) Spacing Hole dept Delays Powder iacior. Secondary blasting Undorground blesting Opening cuts Underground coal mine biasting Contraled basting teehnigues.. Une driling... Cushion blasting. . References. Chapter 5.—Environmental Effects of Blasting Flyrock .. ‘Causes and alleviation Protective measures. Page