1

O CPI DE LIMITE
cadou de la Mos Neculai, profesor, Suceava


1.
1 x
1 x
lim
m
n
1 x

, m, n N*. R:
m
n

2.
2
n
1 x
) 1 x (
) 1 x ( n 1 x
lim

, n N*. R:
( )
2
1 n n

3.
p
n n n
1 x
) 1 x (
) 1 x ( ... ) 1 x )( 1 x (
lim
p 2 1

, p, n
i
N*, p , 1 i = R:
p 2 1
n n n
4.
1 p
p p
1 n
2 2
1 n
1
1 n
1 n
1 x
) 1 x (
) 1 x ( C ... ) 1 x ( C ) 1 x ( C 1 [ x
lim
+
+ + +
+

+ + + +
,p, n N*. R:
1 p
1 n
C
+
+

5.
1 x
2 x x
lim
3
1 x

+

R:
6
5

6.
a x
a x
lim
n n
a x

, n N*. R:
n 1 n
a n
1

7.
m m
n n
a x
a x
a x
lim

, m, n N*. R:
mn
n m
a
n
m


8.
2
x
1 1
4
x
1
3
x
1
lim
4 3
0 x

+ +

R:
36
7

9.
x
x 1 x 1
lim
n m
0 x
+ +

, m, n N*. R: |

\
|

n
1
m
1

10.
x
) x x 1 ( ) x x 1 (
lim
n 2 n 2
0 x
+ + +

, n N*. R:2n
11. |

\
|

n m
1 x
x 1
n
x 1
m
lim , m, n N*. R:
2
n m

12. ) 1 x x 1 x x ( lim
2 2
x
+ + +

R:1
13. ) 1 x x 1 x x ( lim
2 2
x
+ + +

R:1
14.
x
1 x x
lim
2
x
+ +
+
R:1
15.
x
1 x x
lim
2
x
+ +

R:1
16.
2 x x
1 x 3 x 4
lim
3
x
+
+
+
R:2
17.
3 2 3
3
3
x
1 x 2 x 1 ) 1 x ( ( lim + + + +
+
) R:
3
1

18. ) x 1 x x ( lim
5 4 5
x
+ +
+
R:
5
1

19. ) x 1 x ( lim
n n
x
+
+
, n N*, n 2. R:0
20. ) x x x x ( lim
3 3 2 3 3 2
x
+
+
R:
3
2


2
21. ) x 1 x ( x lim
2
x
+
+
R:
2
1

22. ) x x x x ( lim
x
+ +
+
R:
2
1

23. ] ) 1 x ( ) 1 x [( x lim
3 / 2 3 / 2 3 / 1
x
+
+
R:
3
4

24. Aflai R, nct ) 1 x x 2 x x ( x lim
3 3
x
+ + + +

s fie finit i nenul. R:
6
7
=
25. Aflai , , , pR nct
3
7
)] x x ( 5 x 6 x 24 x 9 [ lim
p 2 3 4
x
= + + + +

.
R: 2 p , 4 , 4 , 3 = = = =
26.
x
x 4 sin
lim
0 x
R:2
27.
x
nx sin ... x 2 sin x sin
lim
0 x
+ + +

, nN*. R:
( )
2
1 n n +

28.
3
3 3 3
0 x
x
nx sin ... x 2 sin x sin
lim
+ + +

, nN*. R:
( )
4
1 n n
2 2
+

29.
x cos 1
x cos
2
x
sin
lim
x
+
+

R:
4
3

30.
x 1
x arccos
lim
1 x
+


R:
2
1

31.
2
0 x
x
x 3 cos x cos
lim

R:1
32.
3
x x
0 x
x
) xe cos( ) xe cos(
lim

R:2
33.
) x 3 cos 1 ( x
x 2 tg tgx 2
lim
0 x

R:
9
4

34.
2
3
0 x
x
x 3 cos x 2 cos x cos 1
lim

R:3
35.
2
4 3
0 x
x
x 4 cos x 3 cos x 2 cos x cos 1
lim

R:5
36. |

\
|

x
4
tg x 2 tg lim
4
x
R:
2
1

37.
4
0 x
x
) x cos 1 cos( 1
lim

R:
8
1

38.
a sin a x sin x
x sin a a sin x
lim
a x

, aR. R:L=0,dac a=0 i L=

a cos a a sin
a cos a a sin
+

dac a0
39.
x cos
) x sin 1 ( .... ) x sin 1 )( x sin 1 (
lim
n 2
n 2
2
x

R:
n
2
! n

40.
x cos
x sin x sin
lim
2
3
2
x

R:
3
1

41.
x 5 sin
2 4 x
lim
0 x
+

R:
20
1

42.
x 4 sin
2 x 8
lim
3
3 3
0 x
+

R:
768
1


3
43.
2
n n
0 x
x
bx cos ax cos
lim

, nN*, a,bR. R:
n
a b
2 2

44. ) x x x arccos( lim
2
x
+

R:
3

45. ) 1 x cos x (cos lim
x
+

R:0
46.
1 x 4
) x 2 1 arcsin(
lim
2
2
1
x

R:
2
1

47.
x
2
2
x
1 x 3
1 x x 2
lim
|
|

\
|
+
+ +

R:0
48.
x
1
0 x
) x 2 1 ( lim +

R:e
2

49.
x
1
0 x
x sin 1
tgx 1
lim |

\
|
+
+

R:1
50.
) 1 x ( ctg
1 x
4
x
tg lim

\
|
R:

e
51.
2
x
1
0 x
x 2 cos
x cos
lim |

\
|

R: e e
52.
x
x
x
a 2
cos lim
|
|

\
|

, a > 0 R:
a
e

53.
x
x
x
1
cos
x
1
sin lim |

\
|
+

R: e
54.
n
n
n
x
sin
n
x
cos lim
|

\
|
+

, R R:
( )
2
x 1 2
e


55.
x
) x 1 ln(
lim
0 x
+

R:1
56.
x
) x 2 sin 1 ln(
lim
0 x
+

R:2
57.
2
2 2
0 x
x
) x x 1 ln( ) x x 1 ln(
lim
+ + + +

R:1
58. 1 a , 0 a ,
x
1 a
lim
x
0 x

R:lna
59. R ,
x
1 ) x 1 (
lim
0 x

+

R:a
60. 1 a , 0 a , ) a x ( lim
x
1
x
0 x
+

R:ea
61. 1 b , a , 0 b , a , )
2
b a
( lim
x
1 x x
0 x

+

R: ab
62.
1 x sin 1
1 e
lim
2
2
x
0 x
+

R:2
63. 0 a ,
p
a ... a a
lim
i
x
1
x
p
x
2
x
1
0 x

|
|

\
|
+ + +

, p N*. R:
p
p 2 1
a a a

4
64.
x
1
1 px 1 x 2 1 x
0 x
) p ... p p ( lim

+ + + , p N*. R:
1 p
p
+

65.
x
1
x x
0 x
2
e e 3
lim
|
|

\
|

R:5
66.
|
|

\
|
+
+

m , 1 b , a , 0 b , a ;
xb m
xa m
lim
2
x
1
x
x
0 x
R*. R:
m
1
b
a
|

\
|

67. b a , 0 b , a ;
) b a (
b a
lim
2 x x
2
x
2
x
0 x

R:
b ln a ln
1

68. 0 b , a ;
2
b a
lim
n
n n
n

|
|

\
|
+

R: ab
69.
) e 1 ln(
) e 1 ln(
lim
bx
ax
x
+
+

, cu a,b>0 R:
b
a

70.
x
) e e ln(
lim
x x
x

+
R:1
71.
x
) e e ln(
lim
x x
x

+
R:1
72. ] x ) e e [ln( lim
x x
x
+


R:0
73.
|
|

\
|
+
+
+

p , n ,
bx sin x 1
ax sin x 1
lim
p n
x
1
p n
p n
0 x
N*. R:
p
b
p
a
e


74.
x 2 cos
) tgx ln(
lim
4
x

R:1
75. )
n
ln(cos n lim
2
n

R:
2
2

76.
) bx ln(cos
) ax ln(cos
lim
0 x
R:
2
2
b
a

77.
x ctg 1
) x tg ln(
lim
4
x

R:1
78. )]
n 4
( tg ln[ n lim
x

R: 2
79.
3
0 x
x
x arctg x arcsin
lim

R:
2
1

80.
1 x 4
3 x arccos x arcsin
lim
2
2
1
x

R:
3
3 2

81.
) x 1 ( arctg ) x 1 ( arctg
) x 1 ln( ) x 1 ln(
lim
0 x
+
+

R:2
82. 0 a ,
a x
x a
lim
a x
a x

R: ( ) 1 a ln a
a

83.
x 2 sin x
x cos 1
lim
3
a x

R:
4
3

84. 0 a ,
a x
a a
lim
a x
a x

R: a ln a
a


5
85.
2
x
tg
x 2 cos x sin x 1
lim
2
0 x
+

R:6
86.
2
x
tg ) x 1 ( lim
1 x

R:

2

87.
x ctg 2
0 x
2
) x 1 ( lim +

R:e
88.
x 2 / 1 2
0 x
) x tg 1 ( lim +

R: e
89.
x sin x
x sin
0 x
x
x sin
lim

\
|
R:
e
1

90.
2
x
0 x
x
x cos e
lim
2

R:
2
3

91.
4
x
2 2
lim
ctgx
4
x

R:4ln2
92. 0 x ), x x ( n lim
1 n n 2
n

+

R:lnx
93.
) e x ln(
) e x ln(
lim
x 2 4
x 2
x
+
+

R:
2
1

94.
(

x
2
3
x
lim
0 x
0 x
R:
3
2

95.
(

a
x
x
b
lim
0 x
0 x
R:

>
> <
= <
< <
0 a dac 0,
0 b 0, a dac , -
0 b 0, a dac 0,
0 b 0, a dac ,

96. tgx
x sin
5
lim
0 x

R:5
97.
2
x
2
2
x
1 x
1 x
lim
|
|

\
|

+

R:
2
e
98.
x
2
2
x
4 x 4 x
1 x 2 x
lim
|
|

\
|
+
+

R:
2
e
99.
2 2
e 2 ex 3 x
1
e x
) x (ln lim
+

R:
2
e
1
e

100. 4
x
1
4
x 2
x cos x sin
lim

|
|

\
| +
R:1
101.
4
x
2 2
lim
tgx
4
x

R:4ln2
102.
2
x
3 3
lim
x sin
2
x
2

R:0
103. 0 a ,
a x
a x
lim
a x
a x

R: ( ) a ln 1 a
a
+

6
104. 0 a ,
ba sin bx sin
x x
lim
tga tgx
a x

R:
a cos ab cos b
a ln a
2
tga

105. x ln x lim
0 x
0 x

R:0
106. |

\
|


n 2
n
2
x
cos ....
2
x
cos
2
x
cos lim R:

0 x dac , 1
0 x dac ,
x
x sin

107.
2
2
x
x
1
x sin
lim

R:
2

108.
2
0 x
x
nx cos .... x 2 cos x cos 1
lim

, n N*. R:
( )( )
12
1 n 2 1 n n + +

109.

x 3
3 tgx 3
lim
3
x
R:
3
3 4

110.
1 x
1 x
1 x
arctg
lim
2
2
1 x

+

R:1
111.
4
0 x
x
x sin x 1 xtgx 1
lim
+ +

R:
4
1

112.
2 x 2 3 x
3 x x 2
lim
2
1 x
+ +
+

R:6
113.
2 x
16 x 2 x 6 x 3 x
lim
2 2
2 x

+ + +

R:
8
5

114.
3 x
6 x x 2 12 x 2 x
lim
3 2 3 2
3 x

+ + + +

R:
27
5

115.
4
x
x sin x cos
lim
4
x

R: 2
116.
x sin
e e
lim
x x
0 x

R:2
117.
1 x 1
) x ln(cos
lim
4 2 0 x
+

R:2
118. )
2 x
x
arctg
2 x
1 x
arctg ( x lim
x
+

+
+

R:
2
1

119.
2
0 x
x
) x (sin tg ) tgx sin(
lim

R:0
120.
3
2 n m
0 x
) 1 x (cos
) 1 x (cos mn ) 1 x )(cos 1 x (cos
lim

, m, n N*. R:
( )
2
2 n m mn +

121.
x sin
) x ln(cos
lim
2
0 x
R:
2
1

122.
9 23 x 5 x 4 2 x 3
5 5 x 2 x
lim
2
2
2 x
+ + +
+ + +

R:
27
11

123.
2
0 x
0 x
x
x tgx
lim

R:0

7
124.
|
|

\
|
+ + +
+ + +

n
1 i
i
x
1
n 2 1
n 2 1
0 x
a ,
a ... a a
nx cos a ... x 2 cos a x cos a
lim
2
R*, n N*. R:

=
=

n
1 k
k
a
n
1 k
k
a
2
k
2
1
e
125. =
(

+ + + + + +
+ + + + + +

p , n , 1 i , 0 c , b , a ,
) x c a ( ... ) x c a ( ) x c a (
) x b a ( ... ) x b a ( ) x b a (
lim
i i i
x
1
p
n n
p
2 2
p
1 1
p
n n
p
2 2
p
1 1
0 x
R*. R:
( )

k
a
k
c
k
b
k
a p
e
126. ] ) nx tg ... x 2 tg x tg 1 ( lim [ lim
2 3
x n
1
2 2 2
0 x n
+ + + +

R:
3
e
127. 1 a ), a ... a a ln(
n
1
lim
n
n
2
n
1
n
x
+ + +

R:lna
128. +

=

x , a )],
n
ak
x ( [
n
1
lim
1 n
1 k
n
R. R:
2
a
x +
129.

x
e
lim
x
x
, R R:
130.
a
x
x
x ln
lim

, aR R:

>

0 a dac 0,
0 a dac ,

131. x ln e lim
x
1
0 x
0 x

R:0
132.
x sin
0 x
0 x
x lim

R:1
133.
x
0 x
0 x
) x (sin lim

R:1
134.
tgx
0 x
0 x
x lim

R:1
135.
x 2
2
x
e
1 x
1 x
lim
+
+

R:0
136.
2
0 x
x
x x sin
lim

R:0
137.
2
0 x
x
x x arcsin
lim

R:0
138.
x
x arcsin
ln
x
1
lim
0 x
R:0
139. Dac 1 n , ! n x
n
n
= , s se calculeze
n
n
a lim

, unde

=
=

=
n
1 k
n
1 k
x
1
n n
k ln
1 ) k (
x a
n
, n N*. R:
140.

n ,
x
x sin x
lim
1 n
n n
0 x
N*. R:0
141. ) 5 n 4 n 3 n sin( lim
3 2 3
n
+ +

R:
142.
+ + +
+ + +

b , a ,
) n b )....( 2 b )( 1 b ( b
) n a )...( 2 a )( 1 a ( a
lim
x
R*. R:

8
143.
3
0 x
x
) x
2
) 1 n ( n
4
( tg ) nx
4
( tg )... x 2
4
( tg ) x
4
( tg 1
lim
+

R:

= =

n
1 k
3
n
1 k
5
k k
144.
1 n n
n 2 1
1 2 1
x
) a ( ,
a ... a a
a
n
...
a
n
a
n
lim


+ + +
+ + +
fiind o progresie aritmetic cu a
1
=1 i raia r>0. R:
r
3

145. Pentru ce valori mN, exist
m
3 3
0 x
x
2 x 1 x 1
lim
+ +

? R:m } 1 { N 2
146.
2 x
1
2 x
)
x
(sin lim

R:1
147. 0 a ), 1 na a ) 1 n (( ) 1 n ( n lim
n
1
1 n
1
n
+ +
+

R: 2lna
148. ) narctgn 2 n ln( lim
n


R:ln2
149. Dac n
) x a sin ... a sin x a (sin x
) x a sin ... x a sin x a (sin
lim
2
n
2
2
2
1
2
n 2 1
0 x

+ +
+ + +

, s se arate c a
1
=a
2
=...=a
n
.
150. Dac ) , 0 ( ) c bx ax ( lim
2
) 1 x (
1
2
1 x
+ +

, ce condiii ndeplinesc a,b,cR? R:

+ =
=
a 1 c
a 2 b

151.
n 2
) 1 n (
tg
x
)
n
1 n
( lim


+
R:

2
e
152.
n 2 4 2
2
n
2 2
n
a ... a a 1
) a ... a a 1 (
lim
+ + + +
+ + + +

, aR. R:
153.
1 n
1
n
1
e e
lim
n 1 n
n
+

+

, unde e
n
= |

\
|
+ n ,
n
1
1
n
N*. R:
154. 1
a
a
lim , 1 n ) ( , 0 a , )
a
1
...
a
1
( lim
1 n
n
n
n
n
1
p
n
p
1
n
= + +

, p R. R:
155.
n sin n 2 2
n
) n n n n ( lim +

R:1
156. { }
+
= +

k ) ( ,
4
) 1 ( 3
kn n lim
k
2
n
N*, {} reprezentnd partea zecimal
157.

=

+
+
n
1 k
3
2
n
k n
k k
lim R:
3
1

158.
)
`

+ +

2 ... 2 2 2 lim
1 n
n
, numrul radicalilor fiind nN*, {} fiind partea fracionar
159. ) , 1 ( b , a ,
)]
x cos
a
(log [log log
)]
x cos
c
(log [log log
lim
b
a b c
b
c b a
0 x

R:1
160. ) , 1 ( c , b , a , ] c b a (
3
1
[ lim
x
x
1
x
1
x
1
x
+ +

R:
3
abc
161.
x
x
x
0 x
0 x
x lim

R:1
162.
n
n
)
n
n
1 )...(
n
2
1 )(
n
1
1 ( lim + + +

R:
e
4


9
163.
]
n
n
[ ... ]
2
n
[ ]
1
n
[
n ln n
lim
n
+ + +

, [] fiind partea ntreag. R:
164.
2
n
1 k
n
n
] ka [
lim

=

,aR, [] fiind partea ntreag. R:
2
a

165. ] tgx [ ctgx lim
2
x
2
x

<

, [] fiind partea ntreag. R:1

166.
|
|

\
|
+
+

k ,
1 n
) 1 n ( arctg
n
) n ( arctg
n lim
k
k
k
k
k 2
n
N*. R:
2

167.
+
+

) 9 , 4 ( b , a ,
) ) b 3 (( tg
) ) a 3 sin((
lim
n
n
n
N, a>b. R:
168. { } +

a , ) 1 a a ( lim
n 2
n
N*, {} fiind partea fracionar R:

>
=
1 a dac , 1
1 a dac , 0

169. ) x sin
n
1 nx
(sin n lim
n

+

R:cosx
170. { }
3 2 3
n
c bn an n lim + + +

, cu {} partea fracionar i a,b,cR R:
171. { }
n
n
) 3 2 ( lim +

, cu {} partea fracionar R:1
172.
1
n
1 k
3
n
) k k k ( k lim

=

+

R: |

\
|
>
k
1
a
k

173.

=

+ +
n
2 k
k k n
1 1 n
1
lim R:
174.

n
1 k
k
n
3
1 k 6
lim R:
4
1

175. 0 a , a 1 lim
n n
n
+

R:

>

1 a dac a,
] 1 , 0 ( a dac , 1

176.

n
1 k
2
2
0 x
kx sin
x
1
lim R:
( )( )
6
2 n 1 n n + +

177.

=

+
n
0 k
k
n
k
x
) k x ln( C ) 1 ( lim R:
178.

=

(

+
n
1 k
k
n
k
) 1 (
1 lim R:
179.

=


n
1 k
n
)! 1 k 2 (
k
lim R:
180.

= +

p ,
C
1
lim
n
1 k
p
k p
n
N* R:
( ) 1 p p
1
+

|
|

\
|
=
+ + + +
p
1 k p
p
k p
p
k p
pC
1
pC
1
C
1

181.

=
+

n
1 k
p
1 p
n
k
r
1
lim R:
1 p
1
+

182.
+ + +
+

x ,
n
] x n [ ... ] x 2 [ ] x 1 [
lim
1 p
p p p
x
R, [] fiind partea ntreag. R:
1 p
x
+


10
183.

n
1 k
2
n
x ], kx [
n
1
lim R, [] fiind partea ntreag. R:
2
x

184. |

\
|
+ + +

2 2 2
n
n
1 n 2
sin ...
n
3
sin
n
1
sin lim R:1
|
|

\
|
x x sin
6
x
x
3

185.
|
|

\
|

+
=


p ,
! k
1 k
lim
)! p n (
n
1 k
n
N. R:0
186.
x
1
0 x
)] nx 1 ln( ... ) x 2 1 ln( ) x 1 ln( 1 [ lim + + + + + + +

R:
( )
2
1 n n
e
+

187.
x sin tgx
) x sin(sin ) tgx ( tg
lim
0 x

R:2
188.
2
x
1
0 x
) x sin x 1 ( lim +

R:1
189.
) x sin(sin x
) x cos
2
cos(
lim
0 x

R:
4

190.
x sin
x cos 1 e 1
lim
x
0 x
0 x

R:1
191. ) x sin 1 x (sin lim
x
+

R:0
192.
|
|

\
|
+

n , x k 1 ln
nx
1
lim
n
1 k
0 x
N* R:
193.
)] x ( P [
]) x ([ P
lim
x
, unde [] este partea ntreag, iar P(x) = x
5
+9x
3
+8x+2,xR.
194. S se arate c funcia dat de f(x) =
x sin x x cos
x cos x sin x
2 2 2
+

, xR, nu are limit n +.

195. Determinai relaia ntre constantele a,b,c, nct
2
) 1 x (
1
2
1 x
) c bx ax ( lim

+ + s fie finit i nenul.

196. Determinai R nct
2
n n 2
1 x
) 1 x (
x 2 x
lim

s existe i s fie finit, iar apoi calculai limita.

197. S se arate c

=
+
= + + + +

. 1 ,
, 1 , 0
, 1 ,
) x 2 1 x x 1 x x ( lim
2 2
x
.
198. S se arate c funcia f(x) = + x ),
x
1
cos
x
1
sin (
x
1
R - {0}, nu are limit n x=0.
199. Fie funciile f,g:RR, f(x) =

0 x , 1
0 x , x
i g(x) =

Q R x , 0
Q x , x
2
. Exist )) x ( g ( f lim
0 x
?
200. Fie f:RR, f(x) =

Q R x , x
Q x ], x [
, [x] partea ntreag a lui xR. S se arate c f nu are limit n nici un punct
din R.