Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 212

:

: .

" "
""
2009/11/10 :
:
/
-/
/

:


.


" "
" "


.


- -
"
"


:
.
": "


.
: ": " :
.
": " " "
" "
" "
.
":
"

" " " " :
...
" " .
" : "
: .

":
" : )
( " "
.

-

.
"" "
"

.








.

":
" ) (
" " ": "
.
:

"
" "
"
.
: .







.

)(1

pragmatique
la
:

.

.

" " des pragmatiques ""
.

) ( (Pragmatique) : :
1970 " " ) (
" " " "

) (2

" "Pragmatique : .
"" " "
)( ": " " " )(3
)( :

" " - -
) (4 "" ""
.

-1 Pragmatic la Pragmatique

Pragmatism " "

" Charles
Sanders Piers ) (1879 " Wiliam James" ." Jhon Dewey
-2 2000 2 .27:
-3 1993 .243:
-4 .244-243 :


Charles Morris

)(5

1938 "

" ).(6
) (7 ""

.
""

" " Jhon Austin Jhon Searl Paul

Grice " " Natural Language "


."Ordinary

).(8
" " (9) L.wittgestin
"
"



.
-5 : Charles wiliam Morris )( 1901 :
)-signs language and Behavisur ,( 1946
-6 1986. 08:
7
-George Yule, Pragmatics, Oxford Introduction to Language Study, Oxford University press
1996,p:04.

-8 1
2004 .168 :
"- 9 :"Ladwig wittgenstin ) (1951-1989
) (1930 " "Jeu du langage
" philosophical investigation ": .1953

" " -
- "
" ""
).(10
" " " "
" " .

): (
.


.


...
.(11)...


:
).(12
" " Francis Jacques
).(13

-10 : 54 : .
-11 : .07 :
- 12 12007 .19 :
- 13 .08 :

"
"
"
"

)(14

""

.

use

In

)(15

interaction

In

negotiation ) (

). (16


:
. " " "
"" " "
.

.I :

- 14 ) ( .17-16 :
-15 :
-Anne Reboul et Jacques Moeschler, Pragmatique du discours (De L'interprtation de
L'nonc L'interprtation du discours, Armand colin, Paris,1998, p:32
-George Yule, Pragmatics, Oxford Introduction to Language Study, Oxford University press
1996,p:04
-16 .171 : .

" " "


" "Theory of speech acts
(17) Jhon Austin .

Austin ) (1955

" ." Wiliam james lectures



" " " "
).(18
" " "

"

"Logical positivisme
.

" "
" .(19)" descriptive fallacy
- -

.

" " ""


:
....


-17 Jhon Austin ) (1960-1911 ) (1962 1952
:
philosophical paper,1961
Sens and Sensibilia,1962
How to do thin go with words,1962
-18 : ) (
2003 1.28 :
-19 .195:


" . (20) " Meaning use

).(21
" " " "
" "
" " " " "
" :
.

:





" ")(Performe action " " " ".

).(22
" " "
- "Happy - " "unhappy ""
:
.1 :Felicity conditions :
: . . -20 : .194:
-21 2003 1.155 :
-22 .60:

..

- .

.
.2 ::
.
.
.
.

)(23

.
:
)(: :
.
) ( : " "
:

).(24
" "

" "
" " "" : :

-

- 23 .197/196 :
-24 : .158/157 :

.1 )( :acte locutoire
)(25
.

:
" " " "
" " .
.2 ) ( :Acte illocutoire
) (26
"" " "
" "Force : :
" " " " " ".
.3 ) ( :acte perlocutoire
)( ) (
: .

)(27

" " ) ( " "


" "

" " "

. " illocutionary force

-25 .59 :
-26 .197 :
-27 1994 .09:

.1 ) : (Verdictives
...
.2 ) :( Exercitives :
...

"" "".
.3 ) :(Commissives
: "... "" ""
" :".
.4 ) :(Behabitives :
"...
.5 ) :(Expositives :
.(28)...
)(

).(29

.1.II :

" "
.
" (30) " J. Seark
--" "Acte illocutoire" "illocutionary force
.
- 28 : .62 :
- 29 : .63:
" -30 :" Rogers Searle 1932 :
-Speech Acte en essay in the philosophy of language, 1969

" " :
).(31
:
-

Acte d'nonciation

- Acte propositionnel
-
-

Acte performatif
Acte perlocutif

)( )(
:

)(
" ") (32 " ".
)(
. (33).
" "
"" " " "
" Propositionnel acte
" " :
)(
)(

- Expression and Meaning , 1979


-31 1992 .25:
" -32 " Proposition ""

.
33 .26/25 :

"
" " " " " "
" .

" " "
" )(34 :


" " ) (.

" ".


:
.1 :Propositional contente conditions

: .
.2 :Preparatory condition

.
.3 :Sincerity condition
.
.4 :essential condition
).(35
" ":
- :
- :
-1 .
-34 : ) ( .33:
- 35 .200/119 :

-2 .
- : .
- : .
:
-1 " ".
-2 :
: .
-3 : .
-4 "" "".
-5
" "" .
"

-6 : ) (

) (.
-7 : .
-8 )( "" ""
.
-9 ) : " "
"" (.
-10 ) " " "

" ) (
.

-11 ) "" ( ""


"".

-12 "" ""



)(36

)(
:
.1 ) : (Assertives

.
.2 ) : (Commissives

.intention

.3 ) : (Directives )(


.

.4 ) :(Dclaratives
" " Successful Performance "
" Extra-linguistique institution



)(
" "Believe and desire intention

- 36 : . 65/63 :

.5) :(Expressives " )(" ) (37


attitude ""

).(38

.2 .II :
)(
.

" "
.

)(
: :
.

)(39


""
" : ".


).(40

) -37( " " force " "F )( " " Proposition ) (P


: )( ). F(P
-38 : . 32/30 :
-39 .164:
-40 .71 :

"" "" :
)( )( ""
"" :
"" ""
" "

""


"" " " ).(41

"
" ) :
( )
( " " .

.

.III ) (:

- 41 ) ( .59/58 :

Paul Grice

)( 42

" Logic and

" conversation " ".



).(43
"
"Cooperative principle :
-1 ) Quantity ( :
-2 ) Quality ( :
(-3 ) Relevance (
-4 ) manner ( :
).(44
.

"- 42 :" Paul grice )(1988-1913



William james lectures "" ) (1968 ) (1975
:Logic and convention.
- 43 .189 :
-44 : .104/103 :

" "explicit meaning " inexplicit

"meaning " ."implicative


: )( )(:
)( -
)( - .
" " )( )(
)( )(
)( "" " ".


.
:

" "
"" "".


" " What is said " What is meant
" " face value

).(45


...
standard implicative

-45 .187:

)( ) (Flout ).(46

""
" " " " :
" " " "
:

.
:

) (

""
.
" "


.
:
" "
"
" " " :
" )("
.
:
-1
" : ".

-46 .430 :




.
-2 Calculability
:
" "
:
" "



" "non literal


.
-3
:
.
-4

" : ".
" : ".
.

)(47

-47 . 192/191:


.
" "
) ( .
" "

) (
"
" " ".

* ) (48
: * *



:
) (49 : ) (50

)(51



)255( :

).(52



.

)(

- -

-48 .3 -1 :
-49 .19:
-50 .04:
-51 .1564:
-52 4 1975 04.28/27 :


.



).(53




:


) (54
-
)(55




.



.


-53 12 1965.13:
-54 1.394:

-55

01.295:

)255(



) (56





).(57




) (58 ) 276( " "
.

" "

"" ""


-56 01.137:
-57 04.24:
-58 .21:


.
" "

"
"




).(59




.
)131 (
) 210( :
) 474( )626(.


.

-59 .33:



) 183( " ".

.

.
" "


- " "



)(60


" "

)395 (

)(61

"".



" "
" " ) (62
.
)626(
" "

-60 .58:
-61 : 1999 .93:
-62 .190:

)739( " " ""


.

.

: .

:
:
:
:
::
.1

.2

.3

""
)626(
)739( .

- -
.

)395( :
.
:
:
:
: .

: ).(63

"" "".
)395( : :

).(64

" " " ".

).(65

-63 : )(.

-64 : 1989 2 .15:


-65 .19:

: / ""

"" "" .
"" ""
"" .
" "
).(66
)( ""

)(67

"- ":-

)(68 :
= .
= .
= .
= .

-66 2000 .26:


-67 Roman Jakobson ) (1896 ": ". :
.192/191:
-68 .27/26:

"" :
) (69
"" "" .
" "
.

" " " " " " ""


" " ""
) (70
.
"" " "
" "
) (71 :

).(72


...

)(73

).(74


: .

-69 .27 :
-70 : : 2000 1 .251:
-71 .19:
-72 .
-73 .20/19 :
-74 .20 :

" " " "

) ( :
...

.

).(75
" " " "
" " .
" " " "
" " .

" "


" :" " " "".

)(76

" "
- - -
- " "
" ".

" "

: " "

" "

-75 .250 :
-76: ) ( 2004 1 .55:


).(77
"" ": "

):(78
.1

)(79

.2 .
.3
.

.4

)( .

.5


.

) ( "" ""
.
-77
1968 02 .75:
-78 : .31/30:
-79 2 1984 .712 :

" " " " :


- .
" "
" " :
" "

" "

:
) (80




(81)...
) ( : ...


.

-1 ::
:
)(82 ""
"".
"" : :


)(83 "" "" :

-80 1.202:
-81 1.92:
-82 .15 :
-83 .57:

"" "" "" ""




.

)(84 )( ) (.
" "

)(85 )
( .

""
-

.
- -:
).(86 : ""
) (

):(87


"" .
-84 1998 .09:
-85 .10:
-86: ) ( .17:
-87 : : " .06: " :
"" : .

"" )403(
:

). (88
)(

.

)(

""
- :
) (89

- .


)
(


.
:

)(90


"".
" "
" " " " " "

-88 : 1963 .118/117:


-89 : .26 :
-90 . : . : .07:

) 274 (
.

.
:

... .
" "
"" ""
"".


" "
.


" "

" " "" "" :


:
(1

(2

(3

).(91

""

"" .
)749 (

-91 : 2002 1 .69 :

)(92
:
)697 (

).(93

"" " "


: ""
"" "" :
)( ) ().(94


) (95 - :-

) (96 -


)(97

" " :
.1 ) ( .
.2 ) ( .
.3 ) ( .

)(98


)(99

-92 : 2002 1 .31/30 :


-93 : .30: .
-94 01 2001 30 .109: .
95
1999 .200:
-96 1.76:
-97 .02 :
-98 .213/212 :
-99 ) ( 399 2004.03 :



).(100

" " " " ) (


"" "" :
-1

).(101
-2

:

)(102

-3 : " "
:

) (103

:

:

)(104


).(105
).(106

-100 .293:
-101 .127 :
-102 : .128:

-103 .7879:
-104 .80:

-105 .81:
-106 .27:

" "


) (
"" "" .


)(107 "" .

""
.
" "
)(108

... .
" " ) (
.
" "

)(109

)(110 ""
"" " "
" " ) (.
)( )(
) ( :
.
-107 1997 1 .65 :

-108 .247:
-109 "" .
-110 .249:

.1 ) ( :

)( )( ) (
.

.2 :
) (.
.3 :
) (.
) (
) ( .
- -
" "
) (
""
"" ).(111


: :
: )( ) (
). (112
)(113

"
""
"
" : "

"" "" ""


) ( :

-111 ) ( 3 2000 .39/38 :


-112 )(.
-113 .512 :

)(114

""
: ) (
).(115

" " ": "


- -
:



).(116
) (

"" .
" " ) (117
).(118



:

: .




:
) (119 " ".

114

- ) ( .40:

-115 1992 .57:


-116 .57/56 :
-117 .
-118 .86 :
-119 : 2001 04 .286:

) 684(

) (120

.

"" :
).(121
"" "" )(
) (.

/2::

""

) (.
" " - " " "
" " "
) /(
.

) (



-120 : 11994 .267 :

: .
-121 .108 : .

)(122
: .


) (123 : .

""

)(124

)(125 .

).(126
:
) (

).(127


) (128 ""

-122 1 .139/138 :
-123 .37:
-124 1.144:
-125 .105:
-126 .39 :
-127 .95:
-128 2.41:

)(129 " " .




) ( )
.

: ) (

...

... ) (

).(130
) (




) (131




) (132


: : "" ""
)(133 " "
-129 .105:
-130 .172:
-131 .172: : : . :
: : : :
: : :
.

-132 .172:
-133 .175:

""
.
""
) (





)(134

""

:
" "




) (135
.

""
:
"" ""

""
: ) ( )(
).(136
"" ""
) (
.

:
-134 1.149:

-135 : : .98 :
-136 .242 :

) (

) (

:
: .

) (137



.

/3 : :
""
"" ) ( "
"
) ( )
(

)(138

-137 .43:
-138 .37/36 :

"" - :

).(139
"" " " " "
)739( ).(140
"" - ""
" " ""
"" " "
"".
:
:

).(141


.
- - " " :
.





-139 1977 02.125:

-140 .10:
-141 .08:

).(142

" "


...
)(143 .
"" " """ " "
"" "" "" - -

).(144

" " " : " ).(145

).(146

" "
"" ""

"".

) (... .
.I :
:
.
-142 .257/256:
-143 .97:
-144 1996 1.25:
-145 .
-146 ) ( 2005 4 .138:

.

:
" " . ".
"




:

" " " ". )( ) ( :


" .
" " . ) (.
"-

)(147

"" " - " -


"" :
) ( :
)(148 - ""
""
:
:
" " " " :
"" .
: :
)(149 :
-147 : .83:
-148 .84:
-149 .87:

)(150

" "
:

" " " " " - "


).(151
": "

" " : "
" :
: )(152

": "
: ...

)(153
" "
:

-150 .87:
-151 .
-152 .62:
-153 .89/88: .

:
)(154

)(155



)(156
":

" .

" ":
"
)(157 .

:
)(158



":

) (159
" : "
)(160

" " " " ""


" :" " ".
:

": "
-154 .40:
-155 .153:
-156 .89 :
-157 .90:
-158 .143:
-159 .90 :
-160 .91/90:



:
).(161
" " "" "
" :
:
:
": " - ": "

": "
)( 162

" " .
.II :

"" :

.

)(163

:

).(164
""

.
- : :

-161 .94/93 : .
-162 : ) ( :
-163 .112: .
-164 .117: .

"
"
.
"
"
)(.
" " :

: : *

) (165 : )(166

)(167

: ": "


). (168

:
: "" :" "

" ".

" "

""

" " "" " ".


" " :

:

-165
-166
-167 .119:

-168 .


) (169 :

: .



:
)(170



" :"
" " :
:

" :"
)(171

.
" "
"" :

: " "


:

-169 .120:
-170 : .
-171 .121:

" "
": "

) (172

" " ":



"



)(173
.

.III : " ":


": " " " " "
"" .
- (1 ": " "" :
)(174

- (2 ": "
.

)(175

" : "
" "

-172 .126: .
-173 .127/126:
-174 .136 :
-175 .

) (176
.
)( )(
": " )(
)(177

": ".
""""
:

" (3 " ""


:
" (4 " :
: :
" (5 " "".
: " "
:
" (6 "
.

:
:
" (7 ".

)(178

:
...
) (179

.
: " ":

-176 .137/136:
-177 : .137:
178
. : .140:
:
-179 .140:

:
) (180

"- " - :

)(181


" "



.

" ".

-180 .141:
-181 .

:

) (:
.1
.2 :
/ :
/ :
.1 :
.2 :

):(182
" " " "
" " " "
: " " ).(183
" "

:
...


).(184
- ) 808 ( - " "
) ( :

-182 "

" ".
-183 : ""
"" . :
.49:
- 184 .1604: .

) (185
)(186

" "
)( )(
""
)(187

)729 ( ""

)(188

"" "" " "


) ( ) (
: ) (

:
)(189

" " ""


:

). (190

- - " " " "


" "

-185 .247 : .
-186 .248:
- 187 .51:
- 188
.100:
- 189 .1065:
- 190 "" "" .


: .



)(191

" .

""
.
" "

" "
" "



" "
)(192

- .

" "
" " " "
" "
" " .
" "
"" ""

- 191 .1065:

- 192 .53 :


).(193
"" " " ""
"" ).(194
" "
)626 (
" " "
).(195

" :
"" "" ""

" "

" " :
"" "" ""
"" .
) 739 ( " "
.

.1 " ":
" "

" "
"" "" .
" "
" " :
) (196
:
-193 .54:
-194 : . 251:
-195 : 2000 .24: .

-196 .58 :

: :
" "

)(197

) 626 ( " " ) (


) (198


...
(199).. "" ""
) (200

)729 (

"""""" "
: : ).(201
"" "

" "" "


".

: :

) 793 (

-197 : .254:
-198 : .: . 545:
-199 .253/251:
-200 .253:
-201 .102:

)(202
).(203
)792 (


)(204 " " " "

.

"" "" "" "

" "" " ".


:
)
( .
) (
.
) (
.
) (
).(205
" "
:
(1 : :

-202 .16:
-203 : 2000.38:
-204 ) ( 194401
.61/60 :
-205: .64/63:



) (
)(206

" "
)(207 :

"" :

" " " "
" " " "
" : " ":
" ).(208
""


) (209 ""

"" ""
""
.

(2 :
)(210 :

-206 : ) ( .165:
-207 ) ( .165:
-208 : .37:
-209 .37: .

-210 ) ( .165:

:

" "

)(211 " "

.
):(212

-211 .166:
-212 .66 :

) (

) ( (

" " " " ""


:

) (.

""
" " .
" "
"" "" .
: " "



" " " "
" "
).(213
"" "" ""
" "
"
" " " " " " " "
"" .
""

-213 : .52/51:

)(214

.
):(215

) (
-214 .69/68:
-215 .69:

) (

"" "" ""



" " .



" "
) (

) (216 " " " "

:
" " " " " "
"" " ") (
.
"" ""
) (

.
: :
" " " "
" " --
- -
"" "" ""
"" ""
" " .
-216 .100:

- -


.


...
...
).(217

"" ""

:
: ) (

" :" " : " ).(218

- ""

""
:


).(219
)
( " "
... " " ) (220

).(221

-217 ) ( 01.168:
-218 ) ( 1.174 :
-219 .174:
-220 .
-221 .

" " ""

"" "" .

""
"" "" " ".

" "
" ".


.
"" ""
:
""
). (222

)(223

" " " "


" " " "
""
.

" " " " " "

" "

" " : " "


"": .

-222 .82:
-223 .

.2

:
"" ""

""
" " " " " "
.
-/ :
) 339 (
" : " " "
:

).(224


....:



) (225


).(226

" "

" " "

FORCE

-224 1990 2.162 :


-225 .
-226 .163:

)) (227 (
" " " " " "
" :
"

" perlocutionnaire " "




. (228) ...
:
) (

/ "" "" :
" " " " " : " "
"
:

: :
.1

: ) 231 (

"" "" " "

-227 .
-228 .164/163:

)(229
.
:


" "
".
" : " " :

" : " " : "


).(230

"" "" " "


.
-229 : .166:
-230: .176:

" "







:


)(231



":
"

"" ).(232

...

:

).(233

" "

" " :

: " : " ) (234

"
":
""

:



" " :

" " ) ( " : .

-231 .01:
-232 .107:
233
.40:
-234 .

"" .

:

:
.

(1 :

(2 ) (.

(3 .
) ( ) (
) (.
):(235
": "


)
( (

) (

)(

:
.
"" ""
"" ""
"".
.2

: " " " "

" "
).(236
):(237

-235 .102:
-236 .41/40:
-237 .93:

:
" " : + .
" " : + .
:
" " :
- 1 .
- 2 .
"" "" :

) (.
""

" " :

:
" : " ).(238


" "
"" " """.

::
" :" " ":
.1 : :
:
"" "" "" ""

).(239

" " " " .

"
."prparatoire conditions



" "

-238 . 41 :
-239: 02.308:

" " " "


)(240

"" "" " "

" " ).(241


- :

" "
"" :
"" " " :
" ".
"" "" :
" " .
) ( " "
".
"" " : " "
" "
)(242 "" :
".
.1 " " ":
.2 "" " "
.
" : " ""
)(243

"

" " "

-240 .76:
-241 : 315: .
-242 ) ( 02.209:
-243 .209:

" " " " )


(... .
"" -: :


).(244


) (245

: ).(246
: ).(247


- " :" " :" "" " :".

"" ": "


:
"" " " " "
).(248
: " " " " " " .
) (

: .

).(249

" " " " "


" " " " " " "

-244 .26:
-245 .03:
-246 .07:
-247 .36:
-248 .111:
-249 .162:

" " " "

.
"" "" "" "" ""...

) ( " " " "


" "
).(250
" " : " " ":
:
: .
:
:
* " "

- ) ( :


) ( : )(251
:

" " " " .

"" ) (
)(252
...

:


...:

).(253

: :
)(254

: : .

-250 .112:
-251 .53:
-252 .172:

-253 .18 :
-254: .159/158:

* : ) ( " "
.
" "
" "
" "
:
" .(255) " prparatoire condition
: "" " " : ) (

).(256
- :

-
-
).(257

).(258

"" ) (259
""
.

"" ""

" "
""

-255 .114:
-256 162:
-257 .415:
-258 .66:
-259 2.228:

) ( "" :
)(260

" "
):(261

) (


) ( " "
" :" "" "".
.2 :

"" "" " """ "" " "
" "
.
- : : ... .... :

)(262 :
-260 2.238:
-261 .117:
-262 2 .245 :

) (263 " " " " " "


" " " "
.

)(264

" " " " " "


""
" "

) :( .
)( .
)(: .
)( : .
- - " ":
" " "" "" .

"" ) (265 :

! : ! - ! : !


: ! " : "
: !
) (266 " "
" ".
"" "" :
.
-263 .114 :
-264 2 .243/241:
-265 . 62 :
-266 : 4.186 :

.
"" "" " " "

"
)(267

" " " "


: :

).(268

" "
" " " "
"" " "
) ( .
:

" " " ) 79 (

"

" " ) 739 (


:
.(269 )...


" " :

" "
:



)(270

-267 .211 :
-268 .
-269 .162:
-270 : .122:

"" ""
" " " " " " " "
""
)(271

-271 .100 :

:
:

: :

: :
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6

: :
.1
.2:
/
/
.3

:
) (272



: ).(273

" " " " .

" " - -
" "

:
) (274


"-272" ) 5551160/(
:
/ .
:
. " " "". ) (. . .
)626(.
-273 .21:
-274 ) ( :
. 06:


).(275
:
.1
.2 .
" " :
) ( :
:
:
: ).(276
- -

-
:


) : :
( .
) ( :
.1
.2
.3 .



)
(...
-275 .37:
-276 .39 :

)
)(277

( .


:
.1 : " "
"" " " .
.2 :
.
.3 :

" " " " " " "


"" " " "

)( "" ) ( " "

"" "" "" "" .

"" "" " " ""


.

)(278


.

" " ) ( )
(.
):(279

-277 .40/39:
-278 : 2006 01 .182/181:
-279 .183:




" "


) (
) (

( :
)
).(280


).(281

-280 .532:
-281 .05:


" " " "

" " ).(282

" " :

) (283


) (284
).(285
:
: .
:
.
: " "
.
" " :
.1 : )
( ) (
.
.2 : " "
) ( ""

) (286

.

)(287

-282 : .481 :
283
.
) (
: .. )(.
: :
-284
.

-285 .482:
- 286 : .531/527:
-287: .483/482:

) (
-


).(288
" "

) (289 " "
)(290 ) (291
)(292
" " " " " ".
" ") (293
: " " :
" " "
" .

:
-288 .485:
-289 .247:
-290 .249:
-291 .
-292 .
-293: .485:



:
.1
.2
.3





.
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10

.11

" " "


)(294

" .

-
-

) (.

.

.1:
" "

:
).(295

" "

"
"



: )
(

-294 .39:
-295 .247 : .


.(296)..
"" " "


).(297


) (

).(298

" "
:

)(299

" "

:

) (300 :
:
)(301

...

-296 .250: .
-297 .331: .
-298 .363:
-299 .364:
-300 .

-301 .365/364:


) ( :


(302) ...

)(303

" " "


" .
" " "
"

-



:
.(304) ...

.2:
" "

(

.
" "
" " -
-302 .256:
-303 .

-304

.265:

": " " "


" " " " .
: :


(305)
.
:
) (306

:
: :
:


) (307
.


- -
" " " "
- -

.


" " " "

-305 . 332:
-306 .
-307 .

- -


: ) (
:

)(308


""
" "
"" ""

) (309 ":"
" " ) (310 .
" " " "" :

) (311 .

""

-308 .17 :
- 309 .247:
-310 .492 :
-311 .258:

) (312
" -" Quantity " " - -:
.
.


" "


). (313
" "
:

)(314 )(315
.

.

" " :
.1 .
.2 .
-312 .
-313 .526 :

-314 : .
-315 .527:

.3 ) (.
.4 .


- -

" " :


: )(316

.
" "
:
:
:
:
)(317



).(318
" "

)
(
: :

-316 .254:
-317 .21 :

-318 . 271:


.(319)...
" "




" "

:

: " .(320) ...
:


": " :
.(321) ..
" "
:
-319 .332:
-320 . 302 :

-321 .372:

...
...

)(322 .

.3:
:


)(323 ""
""
.
) (..
:
-1 : ....
-2 : .
-3 : :
).(324
" " " "


-322 .258:
-323 .256 :
-324 .






)(325 " "
" "
.

" "

" "
: " " " " ) (

) (
) (
) (

) ()(326
.
" "
""

.

-325 .256:
-326 .265:

""





(327) ...
.
"
"




).(328
" ":
: . : . : .) (329

- : .




:

-327 .265:
-328 .257/ 256:
-329 .257:


.

" " " " " "
" "
.
: ) : (:
" " :



)(330

" " " "


" "
.


)(331 "" " " ""
" "" " "

""

).(332

-330 .258:
-331 .258:
-332 " "
" " " "
. .47:

:)(333
""
.
" " :

)(334
""
)( )(
.
" " :

": " " " "

" :






) (335 : . :

) (336 " " " " " "

" "
" "
": "
": " )(
" )(
) ( " :
" ".

-333 .258: .

-334 258:
-335 .16-14 :
-336 .259/258 : .

"
" " "
"" : )(337



) (338

) (339

"" ""

.


).(340



)(341 ""

""

: ).(342
"" :


) (343 .
-337 : : :
. )(.
-338 .102:
-339 .260/259:
-340 .260:
-341 .263/262:
-342 .263:
-343 . .

:

" " ) (


:



)(344 " "

...
:

)(345 " "
" "
.
""





": "
": " )(346 " "
" "

-344 .260:
-345 .265: .
--346 .266/265:


.
""
:
)(347
:

: .
""
.

)(348


" : " ": " :
) (349

)( : .


" "

:
) (350 .

"" ""
"" ""
"".

": " "".

-347 .72:
-348 .307:
-349 .330:
- 350 .335/334:


""
""



"" :

)(351

) (352



:
" : "
.
:

)(353

".
":
""

" ".

)(354

"" "" .

:
:
1 :
:

"" :

":

"

" :

" .

-351 .18:
-352 .17:
-353 .71:
-354 : .268:

:
) (355 ""



""


.

" " " "


" "

.

)(356

2 :

"":

)(357 "" "" :



).(358
" "
.
3 :
""
.


).(359
" "
" "

-355 .12:
-356 : .271:
-357 .270:
-358 .01:
- 359 .30 :

:
": "" " "
" ") (360 " "
"" .
" "

:

).(361


": "
).(362
" "
""
.
:
: :
. : . : . :
.
. : . : . : . :
: . : . : . :

. : . : . : . :
: .
"" )(363
""

-360 .272: .

-361 .273:
- 362 .274:
-363 .

""
"".
:

:
)(364

.
- -
" "

). (365

.
" "
: ).(366
" "

" "

" "
.

" "

: :

- 364 .274:
- 365 .274:
-366 .

:
:

.

)(367


" "
)( 368

" " " "


"" "" :




.
"" ""
:

)(369


"" .
4 :
" " ""


- 367 : .274:
-368 : .275:
-369 .

)(370
.

"" ""
) (

)(371 ""
""
.
"" ""


"" ""
"" "" ""

) (372
):(373


""
.

-
.
-370 1979 2.110 :
-371 .276/275
-372 2007 .104 :
-373 .276:

"" " ):(374




) (
""
.

""


:
)(375 ) (

:
)(376
.

"" ""
):(377

:
:
)(378

:

- 374 .
-375 .5 :
-376 .4:
-377 .277:
-378 .277/276:

) (379

" "
": !!"
) (380

" " ) (

": " " " :

)(381 -.

:
)(382



:
.


:


)(384

) (383 ": ".


- 5 :

" " " " " "


": "
": "
)(385 .
6 :
" "
" " " : "
.
-379: .214:
380
.277: -381 .2-1:
-382 .32:
-383 .72:
-384 : .278:
-385 .280:

" " " "



)(386

) (
).(387
7 :
"" ""
"" " : ".

)(388



:

:
)(389 ""
.


:
)(390 " : " :

-386 .300:
-387 : .280:
-388 : .284:
-389 .287:
-390 .279:


)(391 ": "

:

) (392

"":
":
".
"" ": "
" " .
" "
": ".
"" "" ):(393

) ( ""
"" .
""
" .
) ( ) ( "" ):(394

""

""
" "
-391 .72:
-392 .291:
-393 .324:
-394 .


" ".
) (395


) (396


":
" " " " "
" : "
.
": " " "


)(397

.
)(398

:

:
)(400
)(399 ": " .
""
) ( ": "
"" ": ".

-395 .

-396 :
-397 .238:
-398 .91:
-399 .91:
-400 .238:

182:


" " " "
": "
"".

"" "" ":


".

)( 401

)(402
.

) (403 .


) (404 .
" "

: : ).(405

"" "" :



:
.. :

: )(406
"")
- -401 .339:
-402 .339: .
403 .339:
-404 .341: .
-405 .342:
--406 .343:

( " "
"" .
: :
) (407


: ) (408


: :

)(409
"" "" .
:
: :
:

)(410 .
:

" " ":


".
"" ": "
"" .

": "
)(411

": ".

-407 .20:
-408 :.20 :
-409 .344 :
-410 .285/284:
-411 .286:

:
:
": "
": " ).(412





:
)(413 : .


" " .
""
:
"" .
""
:

)( )(
""
"").(414

": "
": "

)(415


:
:


) (416

-412 .287:
-413 .11:
-414 .294:
-415 .2-1:

-416 .36:

) (417
" "
.
:
.
:
:

"" ":

" " : " ""


": " ": "
.

)(418




). (419

)(420

:


)(421
"" ""
.

"" "".
-417 .295/294:
-418 .295:
-419 .312:
-420 .
-421 .356 :

:
" "
) 637 ( :



).(422



(423).
"".


).(424


)(425 ": "
"" .
" " " "
" "

" "
-422 3.03:
-423 .296: .
-424 : .44:
-425 .299: .



).(426

"" :




:

: . (427 )...

" "

"" .

"" "" :

" :
" " : "
":
".



:
-426 .
-427 .300:

...

""



": .

.
.

)(428



""
""


.
:
": ".
: .


: ....



)(429

: ... .
-428 .303/302:
-429 .303:



.
"" " "
:

*
*


*




).(430
"" :

: .

) (431

"" ""
""

"".

-430 .300:
-431 .301:


).(432
)(433


.

:
:


) (434


) (435
" "
.
""

: ...
(436)...
:
.

: :


.
.159/158:

-432 :
- 433 : .29/26:
-434 .357:
-435 .

- 436 .359:


... ) (437
""

""

).(438

:

:
)(439

" "
:


)(440

-437 .361/360 :
-438: 1991 1.116:
-439 .361:
-440 .363:

:
: :
)(441
...

" "
.

"" ""

*



:


*
) (442 "" :




*



...

)(443 "" .
" " :
) (

*


:


*






*

)(444

)(445
-441 .363:
-442 .20-17:
-443 .367/366:
-444 .366:
-445 .367: .

" "

.
"" :



: )( )( )(
) (
) : ( :
) ( )(446
"" " : " ":
" : "

"" " " .


"" :

"" " "


": " :

)(447 "" "

" :".
"" "" ""
" ""



-446 .371/370 :
-447 .372 :

: : :

: )(448
"".

:

)(449
"" .
:
:
) (450 .

... :
: :
) (451 .
" "
:

:

)(452

-448 .373:
-449 .380:
-450 .380:
-451 .
-452 .381 :



):(453

:

: .
:
).(454
""
.
:
:

)(455







) (456 :

:
.

)(457


"" "".



:

)(458 :




-453 .
-454 .388:
-455 .
-456 .164:
-457 .393 :
-458 .136:



) (459
"" .
:
:
:

:
:

)(460 "" "".


:

: ":

).(461

:
:
)(462
:

)(463
"" "" ""

*

:

-459 .393: .
-460 .400: .
-461: .400:
-462 .10:
-463 .405: .

) (464

).(465

:
:
:
) (466 )(467 ""

"" "".

)(468 ""
" " :
.
: :

: : .

) : ( ) ( ) ... (
:
) ...( ) (
" "
.

) ( ) ... (
)(469

" ".

-464 .23-22:
-465 .406:
-466 .171
-467 .400: .
-468 .404:
-469 : ) ( 1990.144:

" "
" " " "



" " " "
" "

"" "" "".

" " " "


" "

.
"
:

" ".

:
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6

:
"" " " " "
" " " "


).(470
:


""


: ) (471 "" " "
"" " ".
"" ) (...
)(472 "" :
" " ""
.

-470 .247 : .
-471 . 251:

-472

:" ""
) (473 :
:
: .
"" ""
: (474).
:




""

: :
:

-473 .414:

-474 .

"" : : :
) (475
" " "" :
" "

: ) (476
"" .
" " "" :
"" "".
"" "" "" "
" " "

"" "" :

).(477
"" " "" " " ):() (
"" )( -""
"".
-475 .415:

-476 . .
- -477 .416 :

"" " :""


) (478 : :
" " : "").(479

: "" "" "" "".


.1:
"" :
: : :
).(480


) (481 "" ""

"" : prparatoire condition :
"
" :" : "" "" - :
"
" " "

:
-478 : 8144:
-479: 418:
-480 418:
-481 .418:

" " "" : "" :


" " " : ". ) :( )( )( )( )( )( ) ( )( )( -
" " - " " :
)( : "" " : " : : : )(482 .
"" " : " : .
- )( : " " " : "

)(483 " :
" .
)( ": " ": " "
: .
)( ": " " : : )(484 : .
:

)( " : " : . )( " : " : .

-482 .133:

-483 .29:
-484 .19:

)( ) :( : )(485 ": " ) : ( :


)(486 : .

)( )( " : " " : " " : " :


).(487


)( " " ": ""
: ).(488
)( "" " : " " : " ""
"" " : ".
)( "" " : " "" ""

)(489 ""
:

)(

:
... :
:

-485 .223:
-486 .37:
-487 .06:
-488 .12:
-489 .29/28 :

)(490

) ( "" "" ""

) (491



"" " : " :

"
").(492


"" :

"" ": .

)(493

)(494

- - "" " " " "


"" " "
.
"" ""

) ( ) () (495
"" - ) ( .
""
""
-490 .425:
-491 62: .74
-492 .425:
-493 .13:
-494 .425:
-495 .416:


:" " " ""

:

.
:

"":

"" "" ""


:
"" "":
" : "
) (496 "" ""
"".
"" "":
:
:
) (497 "" .
"" "" "" "":
:
:
:

)(498 " "
.
"" "" "":

-496 416 :
-497 .
-498 .416 :

:
) (499 " "
"" "":
:
:
).(500
"" " " :
" " .
" " ""
:
:
" " ""
:
.
" " .
.2:
"" :

) (501 :
"" "" - - :.
-499 .
-500 .417/416:




:
.
: " :
) (502 " "
" " "" "" ""

" "- ""-
""
:

) (
).(503
""

.
) ( " "
:

-501 .428: .
-502 . .

-503 .428: .

:
)(504 "".
:
)(505 " "
" " " " "".
" " :
:

) (506 .
" " " "
:
: ).(507
" " " "
:
) (508 "" "".
.3:

-504 . .

-505 . .
-506 417:
-507 429:
-508 .

"" )( :
:
)(509 "" )( "" ""
""
""
.

": " " "
" ".
" " ""
).(510
" " " " :
.
.4:
""
:
:
).(511

-509 .
-510 : .427:
-511 .431:

* :
"" "" "" " "
"" :
"
" ).(512


)(513
"".

""
""
" : "
)(514
"" ""
" ".
" " " " " "
" : "
-512 .432:
-513 .
-514 .

" "

" " " "


"" .
" " " " " "


: )(515 " "

"" .
""
" ) : (
" :

"" ""
"" .

)(516

"" ""
""

-515 .432:
-516 .431:

: )(517 ": "


" " "
"" ""
""
"" ""
": "


"" "".


" "



" "


:

:
).(518

-517 .433:
-518 .433:

""


*
:


)(519 " " " " " "

" " )(520


.
""

):(521


):(

)(522
":

"



" : " ""

-519 .11-10 :
- 520 : 4
.100
-521 :
.
-522 .434:


.
""
" "
"" "
" .
* :
"" )(523
:


"" :
) (524 : :


).(525


:

) (526 ).(527

-523 .435:
-524 .189:
-525 .435:
-526 .215:
-527 .436/435:


) (528
.
.

:
.4
.5:
-528 .436:

/
.6

:
""
) (529
- -
-529 .249 : .

"" )/(
"".
)(530
" "
.
" " ""
- -
"" " "

) (531 ""
" " "
"

).(532

:
:
" ".

-530 .437:
-531 . .
-532 .437:

:
.
:

.
" " " "
""

" " " "
).(533
""


.
" " "" :
:

) (534

-533 : .
-534 438:

:
).(535
" "
)(536 " : "

"" "
" :
) (537:


)(538 ""
""
""

"" ""

"".
""
"" "" ""
.
-535 : .438 :
-536 .
-537 .
-538 .438:

::
) (539 "

.

""

) (540 ""
"" ""
: :

)(541

""" " "" ""


).(542
-
) (543"" ""
.
.

"" "" :
: :
).(544
. : :
-539: 1998 1. 284 :
-540 : .396:
-541 .437:
-542 .439:
-543 .

" " " ) (545 ""



"" "" " " ).(546

:
:
. ).(547

:
:
).(548

)(549


) (550 .


...

-544 .
-545 .
-546 : .40:
-547 .448:
-548 .
549
: : .
-550 .449/448:

) (551
:
)(552

).(553
:

) ( :

) (554
""

:

)(555



-551 .449 :
-552 : : .
-553 .449 :
-554 .451 :
-555 : .

)(556
"") (

" " .
""
"" "" "

" : " :"
) (557 " "

:

:



).(558
"" " "
) (559 "
" " " ""


"" :
-556 .452:

-557 .453:
-558 .454/453:
-559 .455 :

)(560

:

"

":


) (561 "" .
""
.
:




).(562




:




) (563

-560 .458:
-561 .
-562 .455 :
-563 .17 :


).(564
"" ""
" " :
).(565

"" :
"" "" ""
:
...
...
...
...

:
... :
).(566
" "
" "

:
) (567
.
-564 .456:
-565 .458:
-566 .460/459:
-567 .460:

" "
).(568
" " :

)(569
: ).(570
" "

).(571
)(572

""

" : ".

) (
:
- 1

: :
+ + +
4
-568 .461:
-569 .462 : .
-570 .
-571 .
-572 : .464:

+ + +
"" .
""
:
) (
)(573


": " " " " "

""

:
-1
) (

-2
+ 0 + +

) (

-3
+ 0 + +
:
-4

) (

+ 0 + 0 +
:
-5
++0+
-573 .463:

) (

-6

) (

+0+0+
-7
+0+0+
-8

) (
) (

+0+00+
)
:(.

"" "" ":
" ": " ).(574

::
"" )(575
" " "" .
" " : " "
:

-574 .465 :
-575 .467: .

).(576
""
)(577

) (.
:
:
"" "" " "
: :

":"
""
)(578

"" :

:

""
" "
).(579
"" : :...
... :
-576 .468/467:
-577 .468:
-578 .469/468:
-579 : .42:

: :
) (580 :

"" " "


: .
""




):(581

-580 .471:
-581 : : : :
.

: ) (582


.


.
"" "" :

:
" "
) (
) (.
" "

)(583

-
-
""
-582 .472:
-583 .439:

:
" : "
:
" "

) (

" "

) (

" "

) (

" "

) (

" "

) (

"" : ...
)

. 584

"" - -
"" "
" "" " "
). (585
""
" : "

": " ) (586 :

-584 .439 :
-585 .477:
-586 " " : .

).(587

:

: ...
" "
"
).(588
" " "
"
"
""
) (.

.

) (589

-587 .477:
-588 .480: .
-589 .481:


). (590
"" ) ( )
(



) (591
.
: :
":

" :
" " "" " " ).(592
""

:
) (
:



-590 .
-591 .483: .
-592 .


" : "
" : " ":"
) .(593 ""
.
"" ) (594 :


- -
.
" "

" :
".(595) .
" "
.
""

) (
:
:
-593 .484:
-594 .482:
-595 .483:


.
:
.
" " ""





": " :
).(596

- -
": "
.

.
" "

-596 .484:


...


" :
" " "
)

. 597

" "

" "

.
:

- .
.
" " ""

-597 .485: .

": "
)

" : " . 598

)( -
- )(



)(599
)(



""
"" .

"" .
" " :
.

.

-598 .487 :
-599 . .

)(600
.


:
: ""

).(601
) (602 " "
: "" ) (603

) (604

:

:
) (605

-600 .489:
-601 .490/489 :
-602 .490 :
-603 .
-604 .21:
-605 .491:


.

.
"" - :
:
: :
).(606
"

: " :

" " )(607


) (



""
:

)(608



-606 .494:
-607 .
-608 .494:

"" )(609 :

)(610 .
" " :


:
) (611 " "

.

:
"" :
": " " "
" " " " " ").(612

-609 : .496/495:
-610 .496:
-611 .497: .
-612 .503:

" " " " " "


": " ) (
) (
"

" .
)(
" "
)( .
"" " "


: :

).(613
""
" ".
" ":
"" "
"
.

-613 . .


.
) (
": " " "
" : "
)(614

"" ""
"" .
"" .

::
"" ""
: ).(615
"" :
.

-614 .504 : .
-615 .512:


" : "



.
" : "


"":

)(616
.
"" :
": " ":
" : ).(617
- -


-616 .512 :
-617 .513:

)(

.
"" "" :
.
:

"" " :
:
).(618
""


": " ).(619
"" ""
"" -
"" ""
" "
.
-618 .514:
-619 . .

:
""
"" ""
:
" " ": " "
" ).(620
" "
": "


).(621
" "
" " "" ""
.
" " " " "
" conversational implicative
"" ) ( )
(.

-620 .

-621 .515:

" "
": " " : "
:





"
.
"" :







)(622

-622 .516:



" "
" "
" "
":
" ": " .
:

" ".
" " " " " "
: " ".
) (623 ""
": "
) (624 .

-623 6 .276:
-624 .521:

""
: ":
"
) ( ) ( )(625
"" .
"" ""
) (626
" : " ).(627
" " ) (628 " : " "
" . ""
"" ) (:


) (629 .
" " "" : ) (
.


""
-625 .523: .
-626 .521:
-627 .
-628 .
-629 .

""
).(630

": " :



": "
) (631 " "
"" -
" "- ": "
.
"" : :

...
)(632

" ".
""
.. )(633
" .
"
" "
-630 .523:
-631 . .
-632 .543/542: .
-633 7 1986 .18 :

"" " "


) (
"" ""
""

"".
"" ""

.
""

"" ""
"" "" " "


).(634
" " " "
) ( :

-634 .256:


.

:





).(635

-
"".
""
"" "" " " .

-635 .332/331:




.
- -

:



.
""


"" "
" ""
""
""
"" .
: :
""
.

" : " "


" " " ""

" "
" "


""
.
"
" "" "
"

:
.
:

""
.

" "

" "

"" ""

: "
" - -

: .

.

" " ) (
"" .

""

""
""

"" .



.
: ) (

.


" "
.


""



.


- -

.



: .

:
....................................................................................-
03....................................................................................:

: 24.........................

26...........................................................................:

: 33...........................:
:39..............................................................

:49..............................................................
:53..............................................................:
.4 55..............................................
.559.......................................................
.6 63.............................................

: ) (66.............:
.3 69........................................
.4 80...............................................:
/ 80...........................................:
/ 81.........................................:
.3 :81..................................
.4 :86...............................

:
96...................................................:
 97................................................................:

: 105................................:
 :105...........................................................
 :108..........................................................
 :114...........................................................:
.12

117......................................

.13

120......................................

.14

123....................................
123........................
124.........................
124......................
128.......................

131..........................
131..............
.15

132....................................

.16

136...................................

.17

136..................................

.18

137...................................

.19

139..........................................

.20

144...................................

.21 149................................
.22150..........................................

: 154............................:
.7155.............................................................
.8157.........................................................
.9163.............................................................
.10165.............................................................
.11165............................................................
.12 ) (166....

: 173..................:
.7175..........................................................
.8181...........................................................:

/184..................................................

/ 194..............................................
.9196..........................................................
215..........................................................................
220.........................................................

:
              
      "
...
    
     
.
.. :
Rsum:
La pragmatique est une nouvelle science pour la communication humaine, elle tudie les
phnomnes linguistique, c'est--dire la science de l'utilisation linguistique qui prospecte la relation
entre l'activit linguistique et leur utilisateurs, aussi les mthodes et les manires de l'utilisation des
signes linguistique dans des contextes diffrents, elle encore prospecte les facteurs qui rendre le
discours comme un message clair et prospre.
On trouve que cette tude est amene pour affirmer les aspect pragmatiques dans l'ancienne
rhtorique arabe qui est l'objectif principal cet expos, dont l'essai d'approcher cet mthode
occidental et moderne notre ancien arabe patrimoine une lecture moderne dont l'assistance de
colmater le dcalage entre l'ancien arabe patrimoine et les mthode occidental modernes.
Les mots cls: linguistique, La pragmatique ,l'ancienne rhtorique arabe les mthode
occidental modernes.
Summary:
Pragmatics is a new science for human communication that studies linguistic phenomenon in
use, so that pragmatic called "the science of linguistic use" which studies the relation between the
linguistic activity and there users, Also the methods and the manners of using the linguistic signs in
different contexts, Also it concerns about the factors which make speech as a clear letter
this study come to prove the pragmatic aspects in the Arabic old rhetoric ; that is the main aim
of this research which trying to approximate this modern western method to own old Arabic heritage
and invest what come from this pragmatic method to re-read this heritage with modern read which
many be help to close a gap between the Arabic heritage and the modern western methods.
The clue word: Pragmatic, linguistic, the Arabic old rhetoric, the modern western methods

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi