R. D.

Rugescu, 2011
Nr

Elementul

1 Galiu
2 Sodiu
3 Litiu
4 Staniu
5 Bismut
6 Taliu
7 Cadmiu
8 Plumb
9 Zinc
10 Telur
11 Magneziu
12 Aluminiu
13 Bariu
14 Ytterbiu
15 Germaniu
16 Argint 47
17 Aur
18 Cupru
19 Mangan
20 Beriliu
21 Gadoliniu
22 Terbiu
23 [Siliciu]
24 Nichel
25 Cobalt
26 Ytriu
27 Erbiu
28 Fier
29 Scandiu
30 Paladiu
31 Thuliu
32 Lutetiu
33 Titan
34 Thoriu
35 Platin
36 Zirconiu
37 Crom
38 Vanadiu
39 Rhodiu
40 [Bor]
41 Hafniu
42 Rhuteniu
43 Iridiu
44 Niobiu
45 Molibden
46 Tantal
47 Osmiu
48 Rheniu
49 Wolfram
50 [Carbon]

Ga
Na
Li
Sn
Bi
Tl
Cd
Pb
Zn
Te
Mg
Al
Ba
Yb
Ge
Ag
Au
Cu
Mn
Be
Gd
Tb
Si
Ni
Co
Y
Er
Fe
Sc
Pd
Tm
Lu
Ti
Th
Pt
Zr
Cr
V
Rh
B
Hf
Ru
Ir
Nb
Mo
Ta
Os
Re
W
C

Materiale pentru sisteme de propulsie aerospaial

Topire [C]

29.76
97.72
180.54
231.93
271.3
304
321.07
327.46
327.46
449.51
650
660.32
727
819
938.3
961.78
1064.18
1084.62
1246
1287
1313
1356
1414
1455
1495
1526
1497
1538
1541
1554.9
1545
1663
1668
1750
1768.3
1855
1907
1910
1964
2075
2233
2334
2566
2477
1623
3017
3033
3186
3422
3550

Densitate [g/cmc] Masa molar

[g-mol]
5.904
69.72
0.968
22.989
0.535
6.93895
7.31
118.7107
9.78 208.980401
11.85
204.38332
8.65
112.4118
11.34
207.21
11.34
65.3820
6.24
127.603
1.738
24.30506
2.7 26.98153868
3.51
137.3277
6.57
137.0545
5.323
72.6410
10.49
107.86822
19.3 196.9665694
8.92
63.5463
7.47 54.9380455
1.848
9.0121823
7.901
157.253
8.219 158.925352
2.33
28.08553
8.908
58.69344
8.9 58.9331955
4.472
88.90585
9.006
167.259
7.874
55.845
2.985
44.95591
12.023
106.42
9.321
168.93421
9.841
174.967
4.507
47.867
11.724
232.0381
21.09
195.078
6.511
91.224
7.14
51.9961
6.11
50.9415
12.45
102.9055
2.46
10.811
13.31
178.49
12.37
101.07
22.56
192.217
8.57
92.90638
10.28
95.94
16.65
180.9479
22.59
190.23
21.02
186.207
19.25
183.84
2.26
12.0107

raza atomic Modul Young [GPa]

Emp,Calc[]
[4]
136
N/A
190
10
167
4.9
145
50
143
32
156
8
161
50
154
16
154
108
123
43
145
45
118
70
253
13
222
24
125
N/A
165
83
174
78
145
130
161
198
112
287
233
55
225
56
111
47
149
200
152
209
212
64
226
70
156
211
184
74
169
121
222
74
217
69
176
116
N/A
79
177
168
206
68
166
279
171
128
173
275
87
N/A
208
78
178
447
180
528
198
105
190
329
200
186
185
N/A
188
463
193
411
67
N/A

10
Rupere, r
[Pa] 107

lungir Cond.termic
MyOx
Hf0
e r % [W/m/K]
Entalpie formare [kJ/mol]
29
140
85
67
8
46
97
35
35
3
160
235
18
39
60
430
320
400
7.8
190
11
11
150
91
100
17
15
80
16
72
17
16
22
54
72
23
94
31
150
27
23
120
150
54
139
57
88
48
170
140

Anul descoperirii

1875 in Franta
1807 in U.K.
1817 in Suedia
3000 BC
1400
1861 in U.K.
1817 in Germania
4000 BC
4000 BC
1783 in Romania
1755 in U.K.
1825 in Danemarca
1808 in U.K.
1878 in Elvetia
1886 in Germania
3000 BC
2500 BC
8000 BC
1774 in Suedia
1797 in Franta
1880 in Elvetia
1843 in Suedia
1824 in Suedia
1751 in Suedia
1735 in Suedia
1794 in Finlanda
1842 in Suedia
2000 BC
1879 in Suedia
1803 in U. K
1879 in Suedia
1907 in Franta si Germania
1791 in U. K
1829 in Suedia
1735 in Peru
1789 in Germania
1797 in Franta
1801 in Mexic si Suedia
1803 in U.K
180 in Franta si U.K
1923 in Danemarca
1844 in Rusia
1803 in Franta si U.K
1801 in U.K
1781 in Suedia
1802 in Suedia
1803 in U.K
1925 in Germania
1783 in Spania
N/A

R. D. Rugescu, 2011

Materiale pentru sisteme de propulsie aerospaial

Se vor completa pentru fiecare element casetele lipsa, prin documentare, cu mentionarea sursei bibliografice folosite. Exemplu mai jos.

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R. D. Rugescu, 2011

Materiale pentru sisteme de propulsie aerospaial

10

Exemple de citare bibliografic:

Litiul a fost descoperit n mineralul petalit (LiAl(Si2O5)2) de Johann August Arfvedson n
1817 [5].
Borul a fost descoperit de Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac i Louis-Jaques Thnard, chimiti
francezi, i independent de Sir Humphry Davy, un chimist englez, n 1808 [7].
1.Pagini http:
[1] http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele005.html
[2] *** Periodensystem pocketcard, ISBN 3-929785-28-5, Brm Bruckmeier Verlag, 82031
Grnwald, Germany, www.media4u.com, 2002.
[3] Visual elements, www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/4/beryllium
[4] http://www.webelements.com
[-]
2.Cri:
[5] A.M. Howatson, P.G. Lund, and J.D. Todd, Engineering Tables and Data, p. 41.
[6] *** CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, 92nd Edition, 2011.
[7] Alfred Buch (1999), Pure metals properties: a scientific-technical handbook, ISBN 0871706377
9780871706379, OCLC Number 441824091, Materials Park, ASM International, London-Tel Aviv,
Freund Pub. House, 306 p, 25 cm.
[8] Dean, John A. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 12th ed.; McGraw-Hill Book Company: New
York, NY, 1979; p 9:4-9:94.
[9] Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL,
2002.
[10] Ibidem, 83rd ed, 2002.
3.Reviste:
[11] Jiemin Z, Lamvik M, 1998, "Thermal conductivity of gallium at solid/liquid phase
transformation" High Temperatures - High Pressures 30(3), 307314:
[Thermal conductivity of gallium at solid/liquid phase transformation, received 29 April 1997]

Abstract. The thermal conductivity of pure gallium during liquid/solid phase transformation has
been measured. The measurements establish that there is a one-dimensional motion of a freezing or
melting front in the specimen. The technique employed allows the study of alternative conditions:
the propagation of the phase transition interface, as opposed to the quasi-equilibrium state where the
interface is stationary. The position of the interface is determined from the measurement of the
electric resistance over the specimen including the interface. The resistance over time obtained
during the melting/freezing processes enables the speed of the solid-liquid interface to be
determined. The thermal conductivity of the specimen at the interface is evaluated as a real-time
property from the speed of the moving interface, temperature gradients normal to the interface, and
thermal properties. The mean values of the thermal conductivity of gallium at the transition
temperature, 29.772 C, were found to be l s = 43.6 W m-1 K-1 and ll = 27.8 W m-1 K-1 for the solid and
the liquid phase, respectively. These values are 16% and 10% lower than a set of defined reference
data based on electric measurements that are referred to in the literature.

R. D. Rugescu, 2011

Materiale pentru sisteme de propulsie aerospaial

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http://www.mrteverett.com/Chemistry/pdictable/q_elements.asp?language=en&Symbol=Te

Add to languages:
120110
Rumanian: Telur
[Tellurium element was discovered in Romania, sylvanite (AgAuTe4)is its most spread ore, bearing
the name from Transylvania, and 23 million Romanians may read this text]
Add to languages:
Romanian: Zinc
[An alloy containing 87% zinc has been found in prehistoric ruins in Transylvania (Romania); 23
mill. Romanians may read Everett page]

R. D. Rugescu, 2011

Materiale pentru sisteme de propulsie aerospaial

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