Prlvements obligatoires (% revenu national)

60%

50%

40%

Graphique 13.1. Les prlvements obligatoires dans les pays riches, 1870-2010

Sude
France

Royaume-Uni
30%

Etats-Unis

20%

10%

0%

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Lecture: les prlvements obligatoires reprsentaient moins de 10% du revenu national dans les pays riches jusqu'en 1900-1910; ils en reprsentent entre 30% et 55% en 2000-2010.
Sources et sries: voir piketty.pse.ens.fr/capital21c.

Tableau S13.1. Les taux de prlvements obligatoires dans les pays riches, 18702010 (sries utilises pour le graphique 13.1)

(total des prlvements

obligatoires, en % du
revenu national)

U.S.

U.K.

Sweden

France

1870

7%

8%

8%

8%

1880

6%

9%

8%

8%

1890

7%

8%

10%

9%

1900

6%

10%

9%

9%

1910

7%

11%

11%

8%

1920

11%

21%

13%

14%

1930

17%

21%

15%

19%

1940

24%

30%

21%

21%

1950

27%

36%

28%

31%

1960

28%

35%

37%

35%

1970

30%

38%

47%

39%

1980

31%

41%

54%

46%

1990

31%

38%

55%

48%

2000

30%

40%

55%

49%

2010

31%

40%

54%

49%

Details series (see sources at the bottom)

year
1868

United
States

United
Kingdom

Sweden

France

7.40%

1869
1870

8.0%

1871
1872

6.80%

1873
1874
1875

6.7%

1876
1877
1878
1879
1880

7.50%

7.00%

8.0%

8.60%

8.0%

8.20%

8.9%
9.5%
9.1%
8.7%
8.7%

1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900

8.50%

7.40%

7.80%

7.90%

1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953

5.61%
5.52%
5.70%
5.31%
5.26%
5.10%
5.84%
5.74%
5.88%
5.92%
5.66%
5.78%
6.62%
6.54%
5.85%
6.08%
8.37%
8.19%
9.31%
11.03%
10.44%
8.79%
9.09%
9.07%
9.37%
11.13%
11.29%
11.35%
11.51%
12.70%
15.09%
16.50%
14.75%
14.74%
14.15%
14.85%
17.92%
16.82%
15.37%
14.98%
15.72%
19.10%
27.52%
27.67%
25.43%
23.40%
22.90%
22.55%
20.63%
21.59%
24.52%
25.56%

9.60%

8.80%

9.10%

8.20%
10.60%

11.70%
20.10%

12.20%
18.40%

10.50%
18.30%

13.00%
18.70%

13.90%
17.60%

17.80%
35.50%

36.86%
33.82%
34.55%
32.46%

20.43%
21.27%
22.21%
23.15%
24.11%

8.8%
9.0%
8.9%
8.8%
8.7%
9.0%
8.6%
8.7%
8.7%
9.2%
9.2%
8.2%
8.6%
7.1%
6.3%
6.3%
6.7%
6.2%
8.1%
9.3%
11.8%
12.1%
12.4%
13.2%
13.5%
15.7%
17.0%
16.8%
17.0%
17.0%
18.9%
20.9%
19.7%
20.7%
20.4%
17.3%
16.4%
18.4%
17.7%
17.5%
17.9%
18.3%
18.4%
18.1%
20.8%
23.8%
25.4%
25.2%
27.4%
28.5%
29.2%
30.7%
31.8%

1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006

26.25%
23.46%
25.10%
25.71%
25.50%
23.87%
26.53%
26.50%
25.01%
25.32%
25.09%
24.21%
24.59%
26.01%
24.99%
27.48%
26.69%
25.77%
26.35%
26.40%
27.17%
26.68%
26.38%
27.62%
27.11%
27.28%
27.69%
28.27%
28.42%
26.58%
26.44%
27.09%
27.27%
28.44%
28.05%
28.32%
28.12%
27.98%
26.18%
26.61%
26.88%
27.45%
27.64%
28.01%
28.53%
28.48%
29.40%
28.65%
26.33%
24.98%
24.93%
26.40%
27.46%

31.30%
30.80%
30.19%
33.84%
30.75%
31.20%
29.95%
29.56%
31.65%
30.99%
29.78%
30.86%
31.55%
33.28%
34.76%
36.77%
36.69%
34.77%
33.06%
31.22%
34.17%
34.94%
34.77%
34.26%
32.66%
31.89%
34.80%
36.24%
38.51%
36.90%
37.01%
36.96%
37.45%
36.14%
36.17%
35.60%
35.52%
34.33%
33.42%
32.37%
32.96%
34.04%
33.84%
34.28%
35.47%
35.75%
36.39%
36.14%
34.60%
34.34%
34.91%
35.76%
36.62%

24.71%
26.45%
25.88%
27.50%
27.07%
27.29%
30.03%
30.13%
31.93%
32.40%
33.63%
33.26%
33.99%
34.91%
36.92%
37.88%
37.81%
38.59%
39.91%
39.12%
40.25%
41.24%
45.29%
47.43%
47.81%
46.56%
46.38%
47.72%
46.71%
47.35%
46.96%
47.36%
49.56%
52.08%
51.40%
51.86%
52.23%
49.82%
47.26%
46.07%
46.33%
47.48%
49.42%
50.63%
51.05%
51.42%
51.79%
49.85%
47.91%
48.34%
48.72%
49.48%
49.06%

31.1%
30.1%
30.9%
31.4%
32.6%
34.0%
32.9%
33.8%
33.7%
34.6%
35.9%
36.2%
36.1%
35.9%
36.2%
36.9%
36.6%
36.3%
36.7%
36.3%
37.0%
38.8%
41.0%
41.0%
41.8%
43.9%
44.7%
44.8%
46.1%
47.0%
47.7%
47.4%
46.1%
46.6%
46.2%
46.2%
46.6%
46.9%
46.8%
47.4%
48.2%
48.2%
49.6%
49.8%
49.6%
50.1%
49.6%
49.4%
49.0%
48.6%
49.2%
49.8%
50.1%

2007
2008

28.02%
27.51%

36.08%

48.27%

49.3%
49.3%

US, UK, Sweden: Kleven-Kreiner-Saez 2009 datafig2, % GDP

France: Piketty 2010, table A9 and A12, % national income

Table S13.2. Les dpenses publiques dans les pays riches (moyenne 2000-2010, % GDP)
U.S.
(1)

Allemagne
(2)

France
(3)

U.K.
(4)

Total OCDE
(5)

Total des dpenses publiques

35.4%

44.1%

51.0%

42.1%

38.7%

Dpenses sociales
Education
Sant
Retraites
Revenus de transferts (hors retraites)
Autres dpenses sociales

22.4%
4.7%
7.7%
6.0%
2.7%
1.3%

30.6%
4.4%
7.8%
10.1%
3.9%
4.4%

34.3%
5.2%
7.1%
12.2%
4.8%
5.1%

26.2%
4.8%
6.1%
4.8%
4.9%
5.7%

25.1%
4.9%
5.6%
6.5%
4.4%
3.7%

Autres dpenses publiques

13.0%

13.5%

16.7%

15.9%

13.6%

Notes and sources: This table is borrowed from Piketty-Saez ("Optimal Labor Income Taxation", Handbook of Public Economics, 2014, Table 1). The
data sources used to construct this table are the following. OECD Economic Outlook 2012, Annex Tables 25-31; Adema et al., 2011, Table 1.2;
Education at a Glance, OECD 2011, Table B4.1. Total public spending includes all government outlays (except net debt interest payments). Other
social public spending includes social services to the elderly and the disabled, family services, housing and other social policy areas (see Adema et
al., 2011, p.21). We report 2000-2010 averages so as to smooth business cycle variations. Note that tax to GDP ratios are a little bit lower than
spending to GDP ratios for two reasons: (a) governments typically run budget deficits (which can be large, around 5-8 GDP points during
recessions), (b) governments get revenue from non-tax sources (such as user fees, profits from government owned firms, etc.).