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ANSYS Mechanical
FSI Modal Computation
environment
Taking into account the added mass from the fluid for the
modal analysis
Applications
Immersed structures
Fluid-containing structures
Eigensolvers
Tips and Tricks
Examples
Background
M u K u 0
Assume harmonic motion:
u
i sin it i
u i2 i sin it i
Substituting {} and {} In the governing equation gives an eigenvalue
equation:
K M 0
2
i
K M 0
2
i
or if
Background - Acoustics
The Helmholtz equation (linear wave equation) is used as
the basis for the acoustic domain:
1 2 p
2 p 0
2
2
c t
Additional modifications are made to include nonuniform material properties and mass source terms
(sloshing and FSI effects omitted in equation below):
2
Q
pa
p
a
2
x
c
x
x
M p C p K p q
f
11
Background - Structure
The governing equation for a linear structure is:
M s u Cs u K s u Fs
Assume {Fs} and {u} are harmonic with frequency W:
Fs Fmax ei eiWt
u umax ei eiWt
M s u Cs u K s u Fs RP
M p C p K p F R u
T
13
The foregoing equation implies that nodes on a fluidstructure interface have both displacement and pressure
degrees of freedom.
14
Coupling formulations
For fluid structure interaction problem two different
coupling algorithm are available and can be chosen at the
Acoustics Body object level:
Unsymmetric formulation
Recently implemented Symmetric formulation
15
Unsymmetric formulation
Putting structure and fluid fields together we end up with
the unsymmetric coupled (u, p) formulated FSI matrix
system:
16
Symmetric formulation
The symmetric coupling algorithm is based on the
introduction of a displacement potential :
This causes an increase of the matrices size but leads to
symmetric matrices and then reduces the elapsed time of
the simulation.
All the elements in the model must use the symmetric
formulation (impossible to mix unsymmetric and
symmetric formulation).
17
Eigensolvers
18
Eigensolvers
Block Lanczos, Subspace and Unsymmetric solvers can be
used depending on the model:
Block Lanczos/Subspace: pure acoustic or FSI with
symmetric algorithm without viscosity, impedance or
attenuation surface
Unsymmetric: FSI with unsymmetric algorithm
19
Unsymmetric
Symmetric formulation
In V13 we introduced a more efficient symmetry
formulation.
With unsymmetric matrices we required twice of much
memory because we need to store the full matrix and not
only the upper triangular half so the memory required
doubled and also the CPU time increases maybe about
1.5 time. So with the symmetric formulation this allow to
maintain the symmetric nature of the matrices so the
memory requirement doesnt double and the CPU time
doesnt increase.
20
Results Comparison
21
22
23
support.ansys.com
A library of helpful ACT extensions
available to any ANSYS customer
Roughly one dozen available
More being added continually
Great place to get started
Extensions made available in either
binary format (.wbex file) or binary plus
scripted format (python and XML files)
25
Acoustic Body
The wave equation resolved in acoustic simulation
requires mass density and sound velocity of the fluid
media.
28
Frequency Range
The stiffness-coupled symmetric formulation may lead to
the divergence for FSI eigen problem with zero beginning
frequency. So it is recommend to assign the beginning
frequency (e.g. 1.E-02).
30
Unsymmetric formulation
Using unsymmetric algorithm its possible to use both
unsymmetric and uncoupled formulations. The best
solution here in terms of number of DOF to compute is to
create a single layer of elements using unsymmetric
algorithm at the FSI boundary and use uncoupled
algorithm for all other elements.
31
11 decades: this is due to the fact that [Ks] and [Kf] are
defined in very different numerical scales
Ill conditioned problem causing trouble for the solver
and may give unphysical result deviations by minor
system modifications
32
33
Sloshing
In fluid dynamics, slosh refers to the movement of liquid inside another
object (which is, typically, also undergoing motion). Strictly speaking,
the liquid must have a free surface to constitute a slosh
dynamics problem, where the dynamics of the liquid can interact with
the container to alter the system dynamics significantly.
Important examples include propellant slosh in spacecraft tanks
and rockets (especially upper stages), and cargo slosh in ships and
trucks transporting liquids (for example oil and gasoline).
34
Sloshing
Assuming that the actual surface is at an elevation relative to the
mean surface in z-direction, the pressure for a sloshing (free) surface is
given by:
p F g
The acoustic fluid matrix equation with sloshing effect is expressed as:
35
37
Best compromise
Application Examples
39
40
41
42
Immersed propeller
Problem statement:
43
water,
Our goal is to calculate the structure modes of the immersed
structure.
Immersed propeller
Mesh:
44
Immersed propeller
Boundary conditions:
45
Considering 2 models:
With water
Without water
47
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1
0.8
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2
0.1
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
15
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
17
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
18
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
19
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
20
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
On the frequency:
Mode Error (%)
1
-32%
2
-32%
3
-32%
4
-32%
5
-32%
6
-24%
7
-24%
8
-24%
9
-24%
10
-24%
11
-25%
12
-25%
13
-25%
14
-25%
15
-25%
16
-15%
Without water
48
With water
Fluid modeled as
FLUID220 elements
49
FLUID220
SURF154
50
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
15
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
17
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
18
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.2
0.0
19
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.8
0.0
20
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
MAC Pairing
FLUID220
51
SURF154
February 26, 2016
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
FLUID220
1.7651
5.1429
9.9342
10.311
11.628
12.429
17.485
18.094
18.85
18.984
21.846
23.641
24.229
28.277
28.552
29.507
29.596
33.552
34.093
36.381
1
2
3
4
5
6
10
7
9
8
11
12
13
16
17
14
15
18
19
20
SURF154
1.7633
4.5584
8.8676
8.8713
10.109
11.305
17.106
13.95
15.817
14.274
17.758
18.297
19.996
22.559
22.613
21.12
21.201
24.36
24.438
27.098
Error
0%
-11%
-11%
-14%
-13%
-9%
-2%
-23%
-16%
-25%
-19%
-23%
-17%
-20%
-21%
-28%
-28%
-27%
-28%
-26%
52
53
54
55
Questions ?
Thibault HAZARD
Thibault.hazard@ansys.com
61