Notes de franais

GRAMMAIRE

Indefinite Articles

(m.s) Un - a, an, one

(f.s) Une
(p) Des - some

Definite Articles

(m.s) Le
(f.s) La the
(b.v) L
(p) Les

Contraction of Articles avec

(m.s) + le = au
(f.s) + la = la at the, to the
(b.v) + l = l
(p) + les = aux

Contraction of Articles avec de

(m.s) de + le = du
(f.s) de + la = de la of the , from the , about the
(b.v) de + l = de l
(p) de + les = des

Partive Articles - Quantity

(m.s) de + le = du
(f.s) de + la = de la some
(b.v) de + l = de l
(p) de + les = des

Adjectifs Demostratifs

(m.s) ce
(f.s) cette this/ that
(b.v) cet
(p) ces - those/ these

Pronoun Demostratifs

(m.s) Celui - this one / that one

(f.s) celle
(m.p) ceux - those one / these one
(f.p) celles

celui-i- celui-l celle-i, celle-l - that one / that one / here / there
ceux-i , ceux-l celles-i, celles-l - these one / those one/ here / there

Adjectifs Possessifs

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Notes de franais

(M.S) (F.S) (P)

Je - Mon ma mes - mine
Tu - Ton ta tes - yours
Il / Elle - Son sa ses - his/ her
Nous - Notre notre nos - our
Vous - Votre votre vos - your
Ils/Elles - Leur leur leurs - their

Pronoun Possessifs

(M.S) (F.S) (M.P) (F.P)

Je - le mien la mienne les miens les miennes
Tu - le tien la tienne les tiens les tiennes
Il / Elle - le sien la sienne les siens les siennes
Nous - le ntre la ntre les ntres
Vous - le vtre la vtre les vtres
Ils/Elles - le leur la leur les leurs

LES PRONOUNS
Direct object Pronoun

(m.s) Le - him / that / it

(f.s) La - her / that / it
(p) Les - them / these / those

Indirect object Pronoun

Lui - to him Note :- au, la, le, aux

Leur - to her

Pronoun Y ( refers to the place) Note :- dans, sur, sous, devant

etc.,

Pronoun En ( refers to the quantity) Note :- County Name & du, de la, de l, des

Present & Future

Oui Sub 1st Verb Pronou 2nd verb

Non II n
Verb Sub Ne 1st Verb Pas Pronou 2nd
n verb
Non I Verb Sub Ne Pronou pas
n

Pass Compos

Oui Sub Pronou Verb Avoir (0r)tre Past Particple

Non n
Sub Ne Pronoun Verb Avoir pa Past
(0r)tre s Particple

Note : If it is pass compos the past participle will agree for no. and gender if any
direct object
pronoun comes.

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Notes de franais
Note : After avec, chez, pour, use pronoun tonique moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux,
elles

SIMPLE FUTURE ( FUTURE)

Verb ending in ER
Verb ending in IR

Sub + full verb + future endings (ai, as, a, a, ons, ez, ont, ont)

Parler ( to speak)
Ex. Je parlerai - I will speak Nous parlerons - we will speak
Tu parleras - you will speak Vous parlerez - you will speak
Il parlera - he will speak Ils parleront - they will
speak
Elle parlera - she will speak Elles parleront - they will speak

Verb ending in RE

Sub + remove e from the verb + future endings (ai, as, a, a, ons, ez, ont, ont)

Prendre ( to take)
Ex. Je prendrai - I will take
Tu prendras - you will take
Il/Elle prendra - he/she will take
Nous prendrons - we will take
Vous prendrez - you will take
Ils prendront - they will take
Elles prendront - they will take

Irregular Verbs
Aller - ir - will go tre - ser - will be
Venir - viendr - will come faire - fer - will do
Avoir - aur - will have voir - verr - will see
Pouvoir- pourr - will can vouloir - voudr - will want
Savoir - saur - will know mourir - mourr- will die
Devoir - devr - will have to

Sub + future stem + future endings (ai, as, a, a, ons, ez, ont, ont)

FUTUR PROCHE ( NEAR FUTURE)

Sub + present tense of aller(to go) + full verb as it is

Ex. Je vais manger I am going to eat

Tu vas manger - you are going to eat
Il va manger - he is going to eat
Elle va manger - she is going to eat
Nous allons manger - we are going to eat
Vous allez manger - you are going to eat
Ils vont manger - they are going to eat
Elles vont manger - they are going to eat

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Notes de franais

FUTUR INTERIEUR ( FUTURE PERFECT)

Sub + future tense of avoir or tre verb + past participle of a given verb

Ex :- Quand jaurai fini - when I shall have finished

Tu auras fini - when you shall have finished
Il aura fini - when he shall have finished
Elle aura fini - when she shall have finished
Nous aurons fini - when we shall have finished
Vous aurez fini - when you shall have finished
Ils auront fini - when they shall have finished
Elles auront fini - when they shall have finished

LE PASS COMPOS ( PRESENT PERFECT)

Transitive verbs

Sub + present tense of avoir verb + past particple of a given verb.

Ex:- jai parl - I have spoken Nous avons parl - we have spoken
Tu as parl - you have spoken Vous avez parl - you have spoken
Il a parl - he has spoken Ils ont parl - they have spoken
Elle a parl - she has spoken Elles ont parl - they have spoken

Intransitive verbs

Sub + present tense of tre verb + past particple of a given verb.

Intransitive verbs
Devenir - devenu - to become
Rester - rest - to rest
Mourir - mort - to die
Revenir - revenue - to come back
Sortir - sorti - to go out
Venir - venu - to come
Arriver - arriv - to arrive
Naitre - ne - to give birth
Descendre - descendu - to come down
Entrer - entr - to enter
Retourner - retourn - to go back
Tomber - tomb - to fall
Rentrer - rentr - to return
Aller - alle - to go
Monter - mont - to go up
Partir - parti - to leave

Note : The past particple will agree no. and gender

Je suis all - I went Nous sommes alls - we went

Tu es all - you went Vous tes alls - you went
Il est all - he went Ils sont alls - they went
Elle est alle - she went Elles sont alles - they went

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Notes de franais

IMPARFAIT ( SIMPLE PAST)

Take the conjugation of the given verb in present tense of Nous from and remove ons
from the conjugation and add imparfait endings (ais, ais, ait, ait, ions, iez, aient, aient)

Ex :- Nous parlons

Je parlais - I spoke Nous parlions - we spoke

Tu parlais - you spoke Vous parliez - you spoke
Il parlait - he spoke Ils parlaient - they spoke
Elle parlait - she spoke Elles parlaient - they spoke

Imparfait of avoir imparfait of tre

Javais - I had jetais - I was

Tu avais - you had tu etais - you were
Il avait - he had il etait - he was
Elle avait - she had elle etait - she was
Nous avions - we had nous etions - we were
Vous aviez - you had vous etiez - you were
Ils avaient - they had ils etaient - they were
Elles avaient - they had elles etaient -they were

LE PLUS-QUE PARFAIT ( PAST PERFECT)

Sub + imparfait of avoir (or) tre verb + past particple of a given verb

Ex:- Javais parl - I had spoken

Tu avais parl - you had spoken
Il avait parl - he had spoken
Elle avait parl - she had spoken
Nous avions parl - we had spoken
Vous aviez parl - you had spoken
Ils avaient parl - they had spoken
Elles avaient parl - they had spoken

LE PRESENT CONDITIONEL

Sub + Futur stem + imparfait endings (ais, ais, ait, ait, ions, iez, aient, aient)

Ex:- Je parlerais - I would speak Nous parlerions - we would speak

Tu parlerais - you would speak Vous parleriez - you would speak
Il parlerait - he would speak Ils parleraient - they would speak
Elle parlerait - she would speak Elles parleraient - they would speak

LE PAST CONDITIONEL

Sub + present conditonel of avoir (or) tre verb + past particple of a given verb.

Ex:- Javais parl - I should have spoken

Tu avais parl - you should have spoken
Il avait parl - he should have spoken

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Notes de franais
Elle avait parl - she should have spoken
Nous avions parl - we should have spoken
Vous aviez parl - you should have spoken
Ils avaient parl - they should have spoken
Elles avaient parl - they should have spoken

LE SUBJONCTIF ( CLAUSE SENTENCE)

Take the present tense of a given verb in ILS form and remove ENT then add the
endings ( e, es, e, e, ions, iez, ent, ent)

Ex:- Que je parle - that I may speak

Que tu parles - that you may speak
Que il parle - that he may speak
Que elle parle - that she may speak
Que nous parlions - they we may speak
Que vous parliez - that you may speak
Que ils parlent - that they may speak (m)
Que elles parlent - that they may speak (f)

Irregular Verbs

Avoir - j aie, aies, ait, ait, ayons, ayez, aient, aient

tre - je sois, sois, soit, soit, soyons, soyez, soient, soient
Aller - jaill+e, es, e, e, ions, iez, ent, ent
Faire - je fass+e, es, e, e, ions, iez, ent ,ent
Savoir - je sach+e, es, e, e, ions, iez, ent, ent
Vouloir - je veuill+e, es, e, e, ions, iez, ent, ent
Pouvoir - je puiss+e, es, e, e, ions, iez, ent, ent

LE PARTICIPE PRESENT

Take the present tense of a given verb in NOUS form and remove ONS then add ant

Ex:- nous parlons - after removing parl - parlant - speaking

LE GRONDIF

Add EN with present participle

Ex:- En parlant - by speaking / on speaking / while speaking

LE PRONOUN RELATIF SIMPLE

Donc - of which - sentence related to the noun

Qui - who - followed by verb
Que - that - followed by object
O - where - refer to the place

Les Prepositions

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Notes de franais
dans in
avec with
pour for
chez home
de of/from/about
sans without
partout throughout
parmi among
depuis since
sous under
sur on
aprs after
devant in front of
derrire behind
prs near
loin far
cte de next of
at/to
entre between
contre against
vers towards
milieu middle

POSEZ LA QUESTIONS

Comment how Quand - when Expliquer Explain

Qui Who
Quoi What
Quel Which
Combien How much
Combien de how many
Pour Quoi For What / Why
Pour qui For Whom
Avec qui With whom
Depuis Quand Since when
Est-ce que Did
O where Dcrivez Describe
Do From Where Ecrivez Write
Quelle heure At what time Rpondez - Respond
De Quelle couleur Of what
colour
Quest-ce que cest? What it is?
En quoi In which
Depuis since
Y a-t-il ? - Is there
A-t-il? - Is it

LE NEGATION

1. ne pas not, wont, dont

2. dj ne pas encore already x not yet
3. quel que chose ne rien something x nothing
Irregular Futur Stems
4. quel quun ne personne someone x no one
Aller5. -toujours
ir - will go
x jamais always x never
tre - ser - will be
Venir - viendr - will come
faire - fer - will do
Avoir - aur - will have
voir - verr - will see
Pouvoir- pourr - will can
vouloir - voudr - will
want
Savoir - saur - will
Irregular Past Participle
know
mourir - mourr - will die
Devoir - devr - will
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Falloir faudr - will worth
Pleuvoir pleuvr - will rain
 Notes de franais
Avoir - eu - had
Etre - t - been
Faire - fait - done
Prendre - pris - taken
Boire - bu - drunk
Voir - vu - seen
Devoir - d - must
Savoir - su -
known
Pouvoir - pu - can
Lire - lu - read
Courir - couru - ran
Vouloir - voulu - wanted
Pleuvoir - plu - rained
Plaire - plu - wished
Intransitive verbs Connatre - connu -
Devenir - devenu - toknown
become Batter - battu -
Rester - rest - tobeaten
rest Vendre - vendu - sold
Mourir - mort - to Paraitre - paru - appeared
die Dire - dit - said
Revenir - revenu - to
Rire - ri - laughed
come back
Sortir - sorti - to go out
Cuire - cuit - cooked
Venir - venu - to come Peindre - peint - painted
Arriver - arriv - to Vtir - vetu - dressed
arrive Vivre - vcu - live
Naitre - n - to give birth Recevoir - reu - received
Descendre - descendu - to come Dtruire - dtruit -
down destroyed
Entrer - entr - to enter Ouvrir - ouvert -
Retourner - retourn - to go back
opened
Tomber - tomb - to Suivre - suivi -
followed
Asseoir - assis - sat

Futur Endings : ai, as, a, a, ons, ez, ont , ont

Imparfait Endings : ais, ais, ait, ait, ions, iez, aient, aient
Subjonctif Endings : e, es, e, e, ions, iez, ent, ent

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