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 BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA 1. Report No.
- _ _ T _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _
_, I
3. Recipient's Accession No. , ~ .
SHEET
1. AFML-TR-68-115 ,,
4. Title and Subtitle
s. Report Date Date ot
Aerospace Structura l Metals Handbook Issue - January 1972
6.

7. Author(s) Chief Technical Editor - W. F. Brown, Jr., NASA, 8. Performing Organization Rept.
Lewis Research Center No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Project/Task/ Work Unit No.
Mechanica l Propertie s Data Center AF Project 1f:8975
Belfour Stulen, Inc. 11. Contract/Gra nt No.
13919 West Bay Shore Drive F33615-70 -C-1152 and
Traverse Citv Michigan 49684 DSA900-72-C-0787
12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Type of Report & Period
Air Force Materials Lab. Defense Electroni cs Supply Center Covered
Wright-Pa tterson AFB 1507 Wilmingto n Pike Handbook, updat~~
Ohio, 45433 annua 1.lv
Dayton, Ohio 45401 14.

4 Volume 1972 edition- $75.00/se t; 1972 Revision Service- $25.00;

15. Supplementary Notes
Annual Revision Service distribute d on quarterly basis as new and/or revised
informatio n becomes available .
1l6. Abstracts
~The~;;~~ Aerospace Structura l Metals Handbook, in 4 volumes, is a continuat ion of
work first published by Syracuse Universit y in 1963 under Air Force Material Laborator v
sponsorsh ip. The continuin g effort has produced graphic and tabular displays of chemi
cal, mechanica l and physical propertie s on 200 metals and alloys of structura l impor-
tance in aerospace and defense applicati ons. The data presented is intended to
character ize the materials rather than establish desigrr minimums. Also included are
data sources, a general discussio n of material propertie s, a glossary of heat treating
terms, a discussio n of fracture toughness and an alloy cross index. ( )- ~(-_-

17. Key Words and Document Analysis. 17a. Descriptors

Chemical propertie s, mechanica l propertie s, physical propertie s, alloys, metals,

and handbook.

\lo '- . l:l='

17b. Identifiers/Op en-Ended Terms

17c. COSATJ Field/Group

Distribut ion unlimited .

18. Availability Statement 19 . Security Class (This 21. No. of Pages
Available only from Mechanica l Propertie s Data Re)~~fr ASSTFTFn 2,500
Center, Traverse City, Michigan. 20. Security Class (This 22. Price
~p ~
~~~~~~~--------------------------------------~----~U~N~C~L~A~S~SJ~F~IE~D~--~-----
FORM NTIS3S lt0'7fll -------~1
 BIG 3% x 11" PAGES
OVER 200 ALLOY CHAPTERS
OVER 2500 PAGES
OVER 4GOO GRAPHIC DISPLAYS
OVER 1500 DATA TABLES
MORE THAN 3500 VALUABLE REFERENCES CITED

..
r.t_i( .p:... ,.~ ,p;.. R. ~ ~\ ~! 7
~ -r-~ ~

y-lj~.:.~ ~0~~JYV J~
1
?ublishod for tho Department of Defense
Complete coverage on available alloy properties and handling
characterist ics. The data for each alloy are presented
according to'a definite alloy property code system designed for
the purpose of this Handbook. The Handbook is .
published for the Department of Defense and is kept up to
date and abreast of current developmen ts by the
Quarterly Revision Service. This. comprehens ive 4 volume
metals library NEVER becomes obsolete.

A TOPICAL OUTLINE OF THE PROPERTY CODE

IS GIVEN BELOW:
GENERAL Thermal Properties Bearing
Commercii!! Designation Other Physical Properties Stress concentration
Chemical Properties Notch properties
,. Alternate Designations
Nuclear Properties Fracture Toughnc::s
Specifications
Combined properties
Composition MECHANICAL Creep and Cruop Rupture
l
Heat Treatment PROPERTIES Propurties
Forms and Conditions r.focchunicul Properties Fatiuue Properties
Available at Room and Varloua
Temperatures Elastic Properties
Melting and Casting
; Practice Tension FASRICATION
J Special Consideration s Compression Formability
; i'PHYSICAL AND
CHEMICAL
Impact
Bending
Machining and Grinding
Welding
,
j PROPERTIES Torsion and shear Heat Treatment

L ---- _____.__) ALSO INCLUDED: General Discussion of Alloys and :h~:r

----~~ --._. :;,_-.c:::J~. '. . .~. 09-_ '.::l.-:--.. -~... ~ ....
'.::l i::Ji::J -... properties. Abbreviations. Glossary of Heat and 1-i.::.r
_ ....- ~ _... ....... <.'-.\~-- _ -...... _ Treating Terms. Discussion of Fracture Toughness. Cross
__;::::..-- . -.. --~V/ ,. .. ~ ~, Index of Alloys.
---0 ,v.-.,
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0 ! j. \. . ~ ... ..,.
.

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(!)

AEROSPACE STRUCTURAL METALS HANDBOOK

1972 PUBLICATION
(with 1971 Supplement IV incorporated)

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES DATA CENTER

BELFOUR STULEN, INC.

=====~============================-~&'=7~:--
r -.- ---
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
TECHNICAL MONITORING BY
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 NOTICES

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Data Center may be contacted directly for copies or informatio n relative
to the Handbook.
 REVISED DECEMBER 1970

AEROSPACE STRUCTURAL METALS HANDBOOK

COORDINATING EDITOR CHIEF TECHNICAL EDITOR

J. WOLF W. F. BROWN, JR.

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

W. F. BROWN, JR. C. F. HICKEY, JR. J. G. SESSLER

W. W. DYRKACZ J. R. KATTUS J. L. SHANNON,JR.

D. C. GOLDBERG S. S. MANSON DR. R. P. WEI

PRODUCED BY

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES DATA CENTER

TRAVERSE CITY, MICHIGAN 49684

COOPERATING ORGANIZATIONS
THE HANDBOOK WAS ORIGINATED AND DEVELOPED THROUGH 1967 BY SYRACUSE
UNIVERSITY WITH COOPERATION AND CONTI!lBUTIVE EFFORT FROM INDIVIDUAL,
CORPORATE, AND GOVERNMENT SOURCES. THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES DATA
CENTER, IN ASSUMING MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CONTINUATION
OF THE HANDBOOK, IS INDEBTED TO THESE CONTRIBUTORS.

Allison Division, General Allegheny lAldlum Steel Corp. Armco Steel Corporation Boeing Company
Motors Corporation G. N. Aggen (Baltimore, Maryland) E. E. Bauer
D. K. Hanlnk A. G. Cook H. \V. Gs.rvln Ill. A. Dlsotall
P. E. Hamilton R. L. Cook K. L. White c. G. Tiffany
R. H. Kaltcnhlluser R. I. Psyck
. R. A. lAlla T. E. Molnar Brush Beryllium Company
T. T. Magel B. King
Alloy CaBling Institute J. R. Miller
E. A. Scboefer J. L. Nock Army Materials and Mechanics Cannon- Muskegon Corporation
Research Center A. Dykema
J. 1. muhm S. Morykawas
F. R. Larson
Allvac Carpenter Stoel Company
Aluminum Association T. E. Williams, Jr. c. Brumbach
P. V. Mara D. Enkerud
Babcock and Wilcox Company
Armco Steel Corporation R. C. Angell Cleveland Refractory Metals
J. N. Barnett J. W. Spelman
L .1.'. Logby
Aluminum Company of America M. Marshall The Bendix Corporation
M. Holt D. C. Percy J. L. Beaten Cllmax Molybdenum Company
L. W. Mayer D. L. Frisby J. A. Gr<XIrlan J. Z. Briggs

l'.:
 Cobalt In!ormatlon Cf..'llter
Battelle Memorial Institute
F. R. Morral
Imperial Metal Industries, Ltd.
Birmingham 6, England
T. E. Green
North American Rockwell Q-;p.
p. s. Maynard
Timken Roller Bearing Company
E. S. Rowland
C. P. Weigel
t
~

North American Rockwell Corp.

Crucible Steel Company or International Nickel Company, Inc. Los Angeles Division Titanium Metals Corporation
America C. C. Clark c. L. Davis or America
J. A. Bucy R. T. Decker
P. Darby E. F. rbin
R. W. Fawley North American Rockwell Corp. c. W. Field
R. C. Durstein K. D. Millls Rocketdyne Division
A.Kasak W. W. Minkler
c. J. Novak J. A. Doe
R. T. Morelli c. E. Witherell
F. F. Heatley Union Carbide Stellite Company
Nuclear Metals, Inc. Division of Union Co.rbide Corp.
International Nickel Company, Inc. S. H. Gelles F. A. Hughes, Jr.
Curtiss- Wright Corporation Huntington Alloy Products Div.
V. J. Mebra S. J. McCracken
M. P. Buck Oregon Metallurgical Corp. K. F. Tupper
c. Ciancia E. B. Fernsler Y. Ito E. G. Ridoux
P. Ranson
Defense Metals Inrormation Phelps Dodge Copper Product Div. United States Naval Research
Center, Battelle Memorial Jones and Laugblln Steel Corp. J. J. Conlon Laboratory
Institute R. Bergeson B. J. Soiris T. Crooker
F. J. Barone G. P. Lobman P. Puzak
H. Brown Pratt and Whitney Aircraft
R. Favor Kaise::- Aluminum and Olemical Division of United Aircrafl Corp. United States Steel Corporation
D.P. Moon Corporation J. E. Arnesen J. M. Barsom
J. D. Jackson L. J. Barker G. Fluery D. J. Carney
B. E. Snyder J. Gross
Douglas Al.rcraft Company, Inc.
Aircraft ll!vision J. R. Hamilton
Kawecki Berylco Industries J. M. Hodge
J. s. Dunning R. J. Gennone D. W. Kinsey
E. W. Filer Reactive Metals, Inc. A. W. MacLaren
Douglas Aircraft Company, Inc. S. Olinowsky 0. Bertea
Missile and Space Systems Div. w. J. Murphy
H. D. Kessler S. Novak
z. P. Zaperstein H. M. Lunds~rom L. F. Porter
Ladisb Company L. G. McCoy A. M. Rathbone
Dow Cbemical Company C. K. n>.vid G. D. Willette
11. Baker A. K. Shoemaker
C. A. Furgason W. A. Spitzig
M. E. Brooks Republic Steel Corporation
K. E. Nelson G. J. 5paeder
Latrobe Steel Company R. Ault ~-
Universal-Cyc lops Steel Corp. 6':.(
R. S. Hodder E. S. Bower
E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Co. R. W. Kofller ~;:Ol
R. A. Woodall J. E. Fogarty G. A. Liadis
c. M. Cooper B. Glasgal
Lockbeed- Ca1Uornia Company
c. P. Mueller
G. W. Hinkle A. Nagy
Electronic 5peclalty Company v. D. Moss s. J. Matas
D. Stein R. P. Routt D. H. Ruhnke VASCO
G. E. Wald J. Savas
Fabricated Metals Division A. Bayer
H. K. Porter Company, Inc. Lockbeed- Georgia Company
D. F. Blake Vanadium-All oys Steel CompliiiY
W. T. Shuler Reynolds Metals Company J. C. Hamalter, Jr.
H. W. Stemme W. E. Kelly
Fansteel, Inc. D. 11. Yates
A. W. Dana A.M. Bayer
Lockbeed Missiles and Space Co.
M. Schussler Rolled Alloys, Inc.
R. W. Fenn
R. W. Boring Vanadium Corporation of
H. C. Slaughter B. McLeod
Firth Sterllng,Inc. America
i W. A. McKeen T. W. Merrill
i Tbe Marquardt Corporation Joseph T. Ryerson and Son, Inc.
'i. M. J. Albom R. G. Glass Vought Aeronautics
~ A. E. Hobman
~ Frontier Bronze Corporation Marshall 5pace Flight Center Southern Research Institute w. H. Sparrow
u T. H. Booth W. A. Mrazek J. D. Morrislon W. B. Vorhes
~ J. E. Kingsbury
f, Wah Chang Corporation
f' 5pecial Metals, Inc.
' General Electric Company
W. B. Au!derhaar
W. T. Belous
c. Forney
W. G. Baxter Martin Metals Company T. W. Cowan
G. E. Best W. P. Danes! WulMet Alloys Company
B. D.Bowen J. Hockin Stulnless Foundry and Engineering
H. G. Popp R. J. Dvorak
C. H. Lund Company G. J. Grott
E. W. Ross J. McBroom, Jr.
G. J. Wile G. D. Haley
Mellon Institute
J. A. Moir G. K. Bhat Standard Pressed Steel Company Westinghouse Electric Corporation
Great Lakes Steel Corporation
c. Floros R. W. Dague
Misco Precision Casting Company
c. L. Al tenburger P. G. DeHuff
R. J. Wilcox Sylvania Electric Products J. K. Wolfe
A. J. Block E. T. Portco
J. D. Wright NASA, Lewis Research Center Henry Wiggin & Company, Ltd. ,.: . ~

G. M. Ault Thompson- Ramo- Wooldridge Hereford, England

Tbe John Hopkins Uulversity '~ f
Applied Physics Laboratory
Tapco Division H. Hodges ~~').V
Nitralloy Corporation G. J., Hanna P. A. Morgan
w. c. Caywood c. F. Floc E. A. Steigerwald R. s. Norton

': ..
 FOREWORD

The "Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook" was originally compiled by Syracuse

University under USAF Contract No. AF 33(616)-7792. The contract was initiated
r:,.
under Project 7381, Task No. 738103 and was administered under the direction of
Theinformation Processing Section, Materials Information Branch, Air Force Ma-
terials Laboratory, with Mr. George C. Young acting as project engineer. The
Handbook became available for distribution in March 1963.

Four revision supplements to the Handbook ASD-TR-63-741 have subsequently been

prepared. The first supplement was compiled under USAF Contract No. AF33(616)-
7792, and the second, third and fourth supplements were compiled under USAF
Contract No. AF33(615)-1184, by Syracuse University.

The contract for continuing assimilation and presentation of data for the Handbook
was awarded to the Mechanical Properties Data Center at Belfour Stulen, Inc., in
September 1966 .

The first supplement to the Handbook AFML-TR-68-11 5 was compiled under USAF
Contract No. F33615-67-c-12 54by the Mechanical Properties Data Center, Belfour
Stulen, Inc.

This Handbook is subject to periodic expansion and revision. The editors would be
grateful for comments, suggestions or criticisms from those who utilize the docu-
ment.

Correspondence of this nature should be addressed to:

Mr. Joe Wolf, Handbook Coordinator

Mechanical Properties Data Center
i".
Technical Information Systems Division
Belfour Stulen , Inc.
Traverse City, Michigan 49684

The technical documentary report has been reviewed and is approved.

(.
:...
-~:
t
.~
~~rInfo?m~on
Chief, Materials Bran.ch
; i-:i Materials Support Division

:l
AF Materials Laboratory

I e 1970, Bel!our Stulen, Inc.

,v_
 ABSTRACT

The "1970 Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook", up-dated with the insertion of
Supplement II, now contains physical, chemical, and mechanical property infor-
mation on 187 metals and alloys of interest for aerospace structural applications.
The present Handbook AFMlrTR-6 8-115 consists of three volumes as follows:

Volume I: Ferrous Alloys

Volume II: Non-Ferrou s, Light Metal Alloys

Volume IIA: Non- Ferrous, Heat Resistant Alloys

Each volume is self-containe d in a loose-leaf, standard 3 post binder. Volume I

contains 67 ferrous alloy chapters, Volume II contains 61 chapters on heat resist-
ant alloys. Also included are data source references, a general discussion of
properties, a glossary of terms, a discussion of fracture toughness and a cross-
index of the alloys contained herein. New and revised chapters of the annual
revision supplements are distributed on a quarterly basis to assure currency of
content.

vi
4:1 1970, :; .;:rour Stu len, Inc.
 ')'
"'l'

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The informati,:>n assembled in this Handbook has been obtained primarily

from metal alloy producers' printed and unprinteddata sheets, Air Force
and other Government agency technical reports and reports issued by
Information Centers. In addition, data was acquired from professional
society pubUJations, aerospace companies, air-engine manufactuers and
fabricators of components. The sources of data for each alloy are re-
ferenced at the end of each alloy chapter.

The edito:r:~l staff is indebted to the many persons who have contributed
to the generation of tba Handbook. Contributions to the present edition
are acknowledged. on the contributors' page. Acknowledgment is also made
to the many i."ldividu::tls and organizations that participated in generating
the first edition of the Handbook entitled "Air Weapons Materials Appli-
ca.tion Handbook-Metals and Alloys", (ARDC -TR-59-66), and its supple-
ment (AFSC Supplement I to ARDC-TR-59-66). Their names appear on
the contributors' page of the respective editions.

,.
',

.~,..

i.~,
vii
C 1970, Belfour Stulen, loc.
 CONTENTS

COOPERATING ORGANIZATIONS Ill

FOREWARD v
ABSTRACT vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii
CONTENTS be
INTRODUCTION

GENERAL DISCUSSION OF ALLOYS AND THEIR PROPERTIES 3

0. INTRODUCTION
I. GENERAL
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
4. FABRICATION

CODE DESIGNATION REVISED

CARBOU AND LOW ALLOY STEELS (FeC)

UOl Fe-(O.lC)-0. SCr-0. SSI-0. 4Cu-0. 35Mn-O. 3Nl-0.11P OorTeu Marll3
1102 Fe-(0.14C)-O. 7551-0. 6Cr-O. 2Mo-0.1Zr , NAX AC 9115 Mar63
110~ Fe-(0.15C)-0.92Mn-0.88Nl-0.50Cr-0.46Mo-0.32Cu-0.26~l: T-1 aDd T-1 Type A Mar6~

ULTRA HIGH STRENGTH STEELS (FeUH)

1201 Ft(0.30C)-0.95Cr-0. 20Mo ......................... ......................... ...... 4130 Mar63
1203 Fe-(0.4C)-1Cr-0.21\fo ......................... ......................... ........... 4140 Mar63
. 1204 Fe-(0.3C)-1. SNI-0. SCr-0. 4Mo-O. 07V ......................... ; .............. 4330 V Mod Mar69
1205 Fe-(0.35C)-1. SNI-O.BCr-0. 351\lo-0.2V ......................... .............. 4335 V Mod Mar65
12011 Fe-(0.4C)-1.8Nl-0.8Cr-0.25 Mo ......................... .................... 4340 (4337) Dec 63
1207 Fe-(1C)-1.45Cr ......................... ......................... ............... .52100 Mar63
1208 Fe-(0.3C)-0.55:-Il-O.ser-o. 2olllo ......................... ......................... . 8630 Mar63
1209 Fe-(O.lC)-3.25Nl-l.:!Cr-O. IMo ......................... ......................... E 9310 Mar 63
1210 Fe-(0.3C)-1.3Cr-0.5Mo-0.2 5V ......................... ...................... 17-22 A(S) Mar63
1211 Fe-(0. 28C)-l. 25Cr-0.85 V-0. 65Sl-0.5Mo ......................... .............. 17-22A(V) Mar63
1213 Fe-(0.46C)-l.DCr-l.Ol\lo-0. 55Nl .......................... .......................... DBA Mar68
1214 Fe-(0.25C)-1. 8Nl-1.5Sl-1.311!n-0.4Mo .......................... ................. HY-1\ll Mar63
1215 Fe-(0.4C)-1.6Cr-1.1Al1D.61 11n-0.35Mo ......................... ........ Nltralloy 135 Mod Mar63
12111 Fe-SNI-0. SSCr-0. 17lllo..O. 075 V ......................... ................... 5Nl-Cr-lllo- V Mar69
1217 Fe-(0.43C)-1. BNI-1. 651-0:SCr-0. 4Mo+V ......................... ................. 30D-M Mar63
1218 Fe-(0.4C)-5Cr-1.3l\lo-0.5V ...... ; ......................... .................. H-11 Mod Dec 63
1Z19 Fe-(0.5C)-Cr-ll!o-W-V ......................... ......................... ..... Vuco P.lA Mar63
1220 Fe-18Nl-7 .SCo-51\to- Tl-Al .......................... ........... lBNI Maraglni (250 Grade) Sept 10
1221 Fe-BNI-4Co-Cr-llto-V ......................... ......................... ....... 9NI-4Co Mar71
l2Z2 Fe-12Nl-SCr-31\!o-TI-Al ......................... ........................ 12Nl Maraging Mar66
1223 Fe-16Nl-8.5Co-Mo-TI-Al ......................... ............. lBNI Maraglng (200 Grade) Mar68
122~ Fe-18Nl-8.5Co-Mo-TI-Al ........................ : ............. lBNI Maraglng (300 Grade) Sept 69

1171, Belfour St\llen, IDe.

C)
ix
 DESIGNATION REVISED
CODE

AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS (FeA)

~ Type 301 and 302
wares
1S01 Fe-18C r-8Nl , , , Mar83
or Se Types 303, 303 Se
1302. Fe-18Cr -9Nl+S Mar87
C)-19Cr 10NI , Types 304, 304L
1303 Fe-(l.Qw Mar63
, Type 305
1304 Fe-18 Cr-1 2Nl , , Mar&ll
r-20Nl ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ..... , ....... .. , l)'pe 310, 310S
1305 Fe-Z5C Mar83
....... ....... ....... ....... ..... Type 314
1:SOS Fe-Z5C r-20Nl-2 Sl ....... ...... _....... ..... , Mar63
....... ....... ....... ... Types 31S and 317
1307 Fe-1!;Cr -13Nl+M c. ....... ....... ....... ....... Marll7
....... ....... ....... ....... .... .'l'ype 321
1308 Fe-18Cr -13NI+M o ....... ....... ....... ....... Mar 83
....... ....... ....... ... Types 347 and 348
1309 Fe-18Cr -12Nl+C b ....... ....... ....... ....... Mar63
....... ....... ..... 19-9 DL and 19-9 DX
1311 Fe-?.0C r-10Nl-1 .5Mo-1. 5W ....... ....... ....... Dec 63
....... ....... ....... ....... . Type 201
1312 Fe-17Cr -6.5MD -4.5Nl ....... ....... ....... ....... Mar71
....... ....... ..... , , ....... ... 203EZ
1313 Fe-17Cr -6Nl-6M n-2Cu + S ....... ....... .......

MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEELS (FeM)

Sept 71
....... ....... .. l)'pes 403, 410, 416
1401 Fe-(l.Qw C)-12Cr ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... Mar63
....... .... : ....... ....... ....... l)'pe 420
1402 Fe-(Med C)-13Cr ....... ....... ....... ....... M.u63
....... ....... ....... ....... . Type 422
1403 Fe-12Cr -1Mo-1 W-0.8-0 .Z5V ....... ....... ....... M.u63
....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 431
1404 Fe-(0.2C )-16Cr- 2Nl ....... ....... ....... ....... Mar63
....... ....... ..Type 440 A, Band C
l405 Fe-(IUg b C)-17Cr -0.5lllo ....... ....... ....... ....... Mar 113
....... ....... ....... ....... UBS-121\toV
1406 Fe-12C r-1Mo-0 .65Nl-0 .3V ....... ....... ....... Mar&&
....... ....... ....... Greek AJicaloy
1407 Fe-13Cr -3W-2N I ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... Mar 85
....... ....... ....... ....... AM-363
14011 Fe-(0.0 4C)-11. 5Cr-4.0 Nl-0.3T l ....... ....... .......

AGE HARDENING STEELS (FeAH)

Mar 63
....... ....... ....... ....... ...... 17-4PH
1501 Fe-17Cr -4Nl-4C u ....... ....... ....... ....... Mar70
-7~-1Al ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ...... 17-7 PH;
1503 Fe-17Cr ....... ....... JwJ 70
r-7Ni-2. 51\to ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... . PH15-7M o
1503 Fe-15..:! Mar.65
....... ....... ....... ....... ..... AM-350
1504 Fe-17Cr -4Nl-31 \lo ....... ....... ....... ....... Mar 65
....... ....... ....... ....... . AM-355
1505 Fe-15.5 Cr-4.5N I-3Mo ....... ....... ....... ....... Mar63
....... ....... ....... ....... .. HNM
15011 Fe-(0,3 C)-18.5 Cr-9.5N I-3.5Mn ....... ....... ....... Mar71
....... ....... ....... ..... PH14-Bl llo
Fe-14Cr -6NI-2.5 Mo-Al ....... ....... ....... ....... Dec 63
' -' 1507
1508 Fe-18M n-12Ct'- 3Mo + V + B ....... ....... .......
....... ....... ....... ....... .... AF-71
Mar 70
....... ....... ....... ...... , AFC 77
15011 Fe-0.15 Q-14.5C r-13.5C o-5Mo-O .SV-O.O SN2 ....... Mar65
....... ....... ....... ....... .. PH13-8M o
1111!1 Fe-13Cr -BNI-21 \Io ....... ....... ....... ....... Mar68
....... ....... ....... ... Stalnlea s W
1511 Fe-17C r-7N + TI ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... Mar68
....... ....... ....... .. AM 362, Almar 362
11112 Fe-15C r-7Nl + Tl ....... ....... ....... ....... Sept 119
....... ... , .. , ....... ....... ...... 15-SPH
1513 . Fe-15Cr -5NI-4C u ....... ....... ....... .......

APPENDICES
A
ABBREVIATIONS
TERMS B
GLOSSARY OF HEATING AND HEAT TREATING
FRACTURE TOUGHNESS
c
D
CROSS INDEX OF ALLOYS
.........
X
..-< . ..
~:)
.,,;;

INTRODUCTION

The Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook is published in three volumes. Volume

I titled "Ferrous Alloys", Volume II titled "Non-Fer rous, Light Metal Alloys" ,
and Volmne IIA titled "Non- Ferrous, Heat Resistant Alloys" are all constituted
with a series of chapters each dealing with a specific metal or alloy. A unique
code number is assigned to each metal or alloy so that a group of identical (or
significan tly similar) commerci ally designated alloys can be referred to by one
code number. The format is the same for all chapters. In addition to the acknowl-
edgment, foreword, table of contents~ and introducto ry pages the Handbook con-
tains the following:

General Discussio n of Alloys and Their Propertie s

Appendix A . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abbreviati ons
Appendix B ........ .... Heat Treat Terms
Appendix C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fracture Toughness
Appendix D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cross Index of Alloys

The Handbook was formerly produced by Syracuse Univerisit y and is now pre-
pared and updated by the Mechanica l Properties Data Center. The Data Center,
operated by Belfour Stulen, Inc. , Traverse City, Michigan for the United States
Departme nt of Defense is one of several Informatio n Centers under contract with
the Air Force Materials Laborator y, Wright-P attersonA ir Force Base, Dayton,
Ohio 45433. Chapter revisions and additions are now released quarterly in an
annual supplemen t form by the Mechanica l Properties Data Center. Single chapter
copies are distributed exclusivel y by Materials Engineerin g, Reinhold Publishing
Corporatio n. Holders of Handbooks may determine the revision status of their
volumes by comparing them with the latest tables of contents .

The Handbook, as published in three volumes, is intend'3d to present a compilatio n

of data and informatio n on metals and alloys that are of interest to the Aerospace
Industries . It is not intended that it be used as a specificati on document. Each
chapter is devoted to an alloy and is revised as informatio n becomes available.
 Chapte rs are the result of coopera tive efforts between the Mechan ical Proper ties
Data Center, technic al consult ants, other informa tion centers , and a number of
individ uals from alloy produc ers, users, laborat ories, and profess ional societie s.
Mr. William F. Brown, Jr. of NASA LeWis Labora tories continu es to contrib ute
to this effort in the capacit y of author and Chief Technic al Consult ant and is sup-
ported by contrib uting authors W.W. Dyrkac z, D. C. Goldberg, C. F. Hickey, Jr.,
J. R. Kattus, S. S. Manson , J. G. Sessler , J. L. Shannon, Jr., Dr. R. P.
Wei,
and staff informa tion special ists of MPDC. The sources of the data and informa
-
tion are given at the end of each chapter in the referen ce list. other informa tion
that is collecte d between printing s or is too detailed in nature to be include d in
the Handbook may be obtaine d from the Mechan ical Proper ties Data Center which
retriev es data from comput er storage in answer to specific questio ns.

Mechan ical Propert ies Data Center

Belfour Stulen, Inc.
13919 West Bay Shore Drive
Traver se City, Michigan 49684

Phone 616-947 -4500


GENERAL DISCUSSION OF ALLOYS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
0. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this section Is to introduce to the reader
the systems used in the classification and identification of
the alloys listed herein and the organization of data on
these alloys as presented ln this Handbook. The pertinent
facts regarding reliability and significance of these data as
well as the definitions for certain terms and processes are
also included In this discussion.
etc. are not given unless their addition is particularly
designed to yield special mechanical prooerties.
0,021 in aJdition to the above system of identification the common-
ly used systems such as AISI and the most widely used
trade name are Indicated on each page. Additional desig-
nations and trade names are listed in the data sheets under
Commercial Designations (Section 1. 01) and Alternate
Designations (Section 1. 02).
0.022 To further facllitate the location of a particular alloy a
cross-Index Is given as Appendix D which provides a
cross reference of major designations and trade names.

0.01 Alloy Classification 0.03 Data Organization

The alloys are listed in the Handbook according to specific The data for each alloy are presented according to a
alioy groups, and each group is assigned an alloy code definite alloy property code system designed for the pur-
series. For example, in Volume I (Ferrous Alloys), the pose of this Handbook. A topical outline of the property
first alloy group listed in the Table of Contents is Carbon code is given below:
and Low Al!ov Steels (FeC), alloy code series UOO. Within
each group individual atloys are asstgned an alloy coae
number starting with the first number of the series. Thus,
"Corten," the first low alloy steel listed Is assigned alloy 1. GENERAL
code number 1101, "NAX AC 9115" is assigned alloy code 1. 01 Commercial Designation
1102, etc. The code number appears at the bottom of each 1. 02 Alternate Designations
page of every alloy chapter along with the page number. 1. 03 Specifications
Alloy chapters are lnsert~'<l into the handbook binder In 1. 04 Composition
numerical sequence (according to alloy code number) thus 1. OS Heat Treatment
providing a rapid means of locating a desired alloy. An 1.06 Hardness (Formerly HardenabUity)
outline of the alloy code series sequence Is given below. 1. 07 ~nd Conditions Available
1. 08 Melting and Casting Practice
1. 09 Special Considerations
FERROUS ALLOYS
Category 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Oxic Series
-~ 2.01 Thermal Properties
Carllon and Low Alloy Steels (FcC) Melting range
2.011
Ultra High Strengtll Steels (FeUH) 1200
2.012 Phase changes
Austenitic Stainless Steels (FeA) 1300
2.0121 Time-temperature-tr ansformation
Martensltlc Stainless Steels (FeM) 1400
diagrams
Age Hardening Steels (FeAH) 1500
2.013 Thermal conductivity
Nickel Chromium Steels (FeNC) lhOO
2.014 Thermal expansion
Future Elxpan"lon (Ferrous Alloys) 1700 to ~()(JU
2.015 Specific heat
2.016 Thermal dlftuslvlty
NON-FERROUS ALLOYS 2.02 Other Physical Properties
2.021 Density
Aluminum Alloys (AIC) 3100
2.022 Electrical properties
A:uminum Alloys (AlWT) 3200
2.023 Magnetic properties
Aluminum Alloys (AIWN) 3300
2.024 Emissivity
Magnesium Alloys (MgC) 34(10
2.025 Damping capacity
Magnesium Alloys (MgWT) 3500
2.03 Chemical Properties
Magnesium Alloys (MgWN) :1600
3700
2.04 Nuclear Properties
Titanium Alloys (TI)
Future Expansion (Low Density Alloys) 3800 to 4000
4100 3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Nickel l~1se Alloys (<5% Co)(Nl)
4200 3.01 ~peclfled Mechanical Properties
Nickel Base Alloys (>5% Co)(NiCo)
4300 3.02 Mechanical Properties o~ Room Tem-
Collalt llasc Alloys (Co) perature
Future Expansion (NI, Co, Cr Alloys) 4400 to 5000
5i00 3.021 Tension
Beryllium Alloys (Be) 3.0211 Stress strain diagrams
Columbium (Niobium) Alloys (Cb) 5200
5300 3.022 Compression
Molybdenum Alloys (Mo)
5400 3. 0221 Stress strain diagrams
Tantalum Alloys (Ta) 3.023 Impact
Tungsten Alloys (W) 5500
5600 3.024 Bending
Vanadium Alloys (V)
5700
3.025 Torsion and shear
Zirconium Alloys (Zr) 3.026 Bearing
3.027 Stress concentration
0.02 Alloy idcr.tlflcation
3.0271 Notch properties
Alloys arc identified primarily by chemical composition, 3.0272 Fracture toughness (See Appendix C)
and each particular alloy is designated by its mnjor clement Combined properties
3.028
followed by the minor clements In decreasing order of 3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Tem-
percentage by weight. When two or more clements arc peratures
present in equal quantity they nrc list~"<! alphabetically.
3. 031 Tension
Impurities are neglected. Minor elements are given only
3. 0311 Stress strain diagrams
when Intentionally introduced and when their percentage is
3.032 Compression
not definitely established they appear at the end of the
3.0321 Stress strain diagrams
designation without a percontagc figure. When this system
is applied to steels ce1tnin problems arise. Where carbon
has a paramount influence on the mechanical properties It The property code data classification system described above has
is listed immediately after iron. Otherwise, ferritlc recently been revised. It Is planned that all alloy chapters wnt
steels are designated as low carbon (Low C), medium eventually be arranged in accordance with this system. However, a
carbon (Med C) and high carbon (High C) grades. Minor number of alloy chapters in this volume do not as yet conform to the
clements in steels such as silicon, manganese, sulfur, above property code system except with respect to the major headings.

3
 --,.-~---....,....,"""'.._,IVI'IV"I r""\L...Lo.\J'IVr"'\I'U IIIL-11\ 11\.UI ~1\IIL..._,

3.033 Impact forms or those of different agencies.

3.034 Bcndlntt 1.042 Certain elements normally listed in spcci!icatlon may
:!.035 To=slon and .shear include other clements which have a similar effect on the
3.036 Bearing properties hut which nrc difficult to Isolate. Outstanding
3.037 Stresr .:oncentration example are nickel, which usually include cobalt, and
3.0371 Notch properties columbium (niobium) which usually includes tantalum. The
3.0372 Fracture touglllicss (See Append!x C) practice of separately reporting such elements is not yet
3.038 Combined properties in general use and is not employed in this handbook.
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
3.05 Fntlgue Properties 1. 05 Heat Treatment
3,()1\ Elastic Properties The generol meoning of this term as it Is used in this hand-
3.Uiil Poisson's ratio book Includes both hardening and softening treatments.
3.062 Modulus of elasticity 1. 051 A given heat treatment may be designated in several ways.
3.063 Modulus of rigidity ln some cases the designation refers to the process and in
others to the result produced by the process. Since a
4. FABRICATION clear understanding of heat treating terms Is intportnnt,
4.01 Formability n Glossary of Heating and Heat Treating Terms is given in
4.02 Machining and Grinding Appendix B.
4.03 Welding
4.04 Heat Treatment I. 06 Hardness
4.05 Surface Treatn~cnt The term hardness Is used here as a measure of the ability
of an alloy to rez:iist indentation or permanent deformation.
In general, hardness is related to alloy strength character
istlcs and, L~crcfore, a scale or hardness can be utilized to
describe an alloy's response to strengthening by heat treat-
1. GENERAL ment and/or cold work. Data on the effect or any given
A brief description of thL nllov ns well as vat'lous inrorma parameter on hardness Is given In this section.
tion of general lntcrc.:st 1::; rcp~rtt.."(] und~:r thb hcmling. I. 06i n~e depth to which an alloy will harden under definite cool-
Ing conditions Is consldcr~'<l to be na important as the actual
1. 01 Commercial Dcslgnnt ion hardness value. Tho property that determines Ute depth and
1.011 The preferred commcn.'ial llt.slgnnt i''" rnr un ~lloy mny distribution or hardness Is coiled "hardennblllty." High
come from one of many different soun. L~ omll tlll'y may he hnrdcnablllty Indicates hardening through the section.
altert..>d from time to time .. Gcnlt";lly, rlw mosl pertinent Although this ll!rm Is normally applied to quenched fcrritlc
name Is given. Whcrcv,!r possihlc1 thi~ rwn1e b. the s~mc steels_, it appears well suited for general usage. For
as used tn other rcfcrcnc(! puhlico:ltion.., Slh..'li a.: thl Acto measuring the hnrdcnnblllty or heat treated rerrltlc steels
space Material Specifications (AMS). In the case of some two mothods arc generally used. Hardcnnbility curves
proprietary alloys, an abbreviation of the :Jctual n::1mc relate to the hardness distribution along the axis of a
Is in common usage. cylinder which has hccn water quenched on one end face only,
1.012 h should Joe.:- nol<.'il IIWI Lit<.: il.l.:nl ifpn,l! llilllll::-. 11:-.( d JJL.ry Ill (c. g. Jomlny end-quench test for steels). More complete
trmlt!uHJrk names with ;.til right~; ihl"l"l'ltl l"l!lili11vd h\ rilL Information Is obtained by quenching cylinders of various
appropriate compuny. ln this C,J.-.c, lht TJ.IIIH:.~ l!.rv: !Lr!n <iiamctcts :mtl rletermlnlng the resulting hardness variation
usc:.-d for cros!'i reference und illcutil"y1ug purpus('s only. across their diameters.
The rcmler should he governed hy tn,dcm;Jrk rnlt.s in his 1.062 11tc more common method of hardening alloys is by heat
usage of such names, unci should contact lilt ;1pproprialc t rentmcnt, although cold work or combinations of cold work
company owning: the tnH.Icnwrk 1r lhlrc he ;111y quvstlnn and heat treatment ore also employed.
concerning rlwlr use. I.On3 The response of different alloys to hardening by heat
treatment and/or cold work Is dependent upon a number or
1.02 ~!:~otc Designatio!~ factors such as chcmlcol composltlon, thcnnal ttcatmcnts,
1.02i The alternate dcsiRnations lndUt.le prnprh:t:ny rwnh:s i.lnd cooling rates (and time delays), microstructure, slmul
other frequently cncountcrc.:d nunws. Since it is ltnpn~.si tancous transformations or aging and others.
blc tu list all d~tdgnatlons, only lho. wl: hh ,ll't..: fn.qucnrly
cncountcn."l.l in lttcruturc and v~ninus nporls n ns<.:d. 1.07 Forms and Conditions Avallnblc
1.022 t\ complete l.:ros~ index of all alloy n:.tllll'S 11~td i:-< prcscntc.-d Only very con~-;;rn;auo;; Is given regarding the
tn Arpcndlx D. avallnblllty or an alloy In Its various forms, section sizes
awl conditions. Complete ava!lnhlllty Information may be
1.03 ~pcctncatlons obtnln<'<i from t.hc Producer or Supplier.
1. 031 TI1c hn.sic spcciflcntions useU in this Jmndbook are the
Aeronnutlcnl Material Specifications (AMS) or the Society 1.08 Melting and Casting Practice .,
of 1\utomotlve Engineers since these arc the most complete ~rlef statements wgardlng the meltlnl'l and casting practices
In regard to new alloys. In addition, Mllitorr Specifica- normally employed for the alloy ore lnduded h"re. Further
tions and, occaslf'nally, Federal Specifications arc !ncluded. information may he obtained from the Producer or Supplier.
It is not possible here to rercr co all t~c numerous srcct- J.OSi Melting. Melting techniques used by the producers of Ute
flcations In existence. alloy nrc given, when available, to call attention to the
1.032 Producers also frequently supply limited lists or specifi- effect of melting procedures on physical or mechanical
cations on request and these arc reported in certain properties.
Instances. 1.082 Casting. Casting techniques and cnstnbillty ratings for
1.033 A cross Index of AMS Specifications lnr.luded Ia available cast alloys nrc discussed where they appear to t>c ol
In Appendix D. interest for the selection or an alloy. !! available, pertinent
miscellaneous information is added.
1.04 Composition
The chemical compositions reported nrc primarily those i.09 SpccU.l Considerations
given In AMS, and arc complemented hy those specified hy This section of each alloy chapter includes a few remarks
the producers and other sources whenever It appeared regarding particular problems encountHed which require
necessary. special consideration.
1.041 The allowable variations in chemical composition or an
alloy are one of the major stipulations of a specification. 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
However, for any ghcn alloy, the chemistry may differ
slightly In different specll!catlons and considerable over In reporting physical properties of metals and alloys the
lapping may occur either in specifications [or c!!ffcrent common British units arc generally used by the Armed

4
 GENERAL DISCUSSION OF ALLOYS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
Forces and industry In this country and this system Is
followed here, Where several such units exist, those
standardized by the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers have been preferred, and their abbreviations
have been used. A Symbols and Technical Abbreviations
list Is given In Appendix A. Unfortunately, most reports
of physical properties do not give the form and condition
of the material. This may explain part of the differences
between the published values for certain properties.
When values of physical properties are given without
mentioning the test temperature, the values apply to room
temperature. In some cases the determination of this
property requires measurements at two or more tempera-
tures (e.g. thermal expansion). These temperatures,
unless otherwise indicated, are room temperature and
212 F, or In the range from room temperature to 212 F.
Usually, the difference In values for any one temperature
In this range Is less than the uncertainty of the value
Itself.
2. 01 Thermal Properties
Thermal properties of metals Include the melting range,
phase changes, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion,
specific heat, and where available, diffuslvlty and dimen-
sional changes on heat treating.
2. 011 Melting range of many alloys Is not well known and the
values given are generally only approximate, The upper
value as a rule relates to full melting (liquidus) and the
lower value to the beginning of melting (solidus). The
Actual beginning of melting may be Important, as It deter-
mines the maxim urn temperature to which the alloy may
be heated without damage. However, It Is frequently not
well known because of the great Influence of small changes
In composition.
2. 012 l'hase changes occur In nearly all commercial alloys.
The phase change reported under this heading Is transfor-
mation of the matrix, I. e. of the r.lajor phase of the alloy,
from one crystal structure Into another. The most common
and significant transformation Is that of all ferrltlc steels
...' -~ and also of many so called austenitic steels, from the high
temperature phase, austenite, to the low temperature
phase. The critical temperatures for tim beginning and the
end of the phase change are designated respectively as A
and A Because the reaction Is sluggish these tempera-3
1 damping capacity, (6).
tures may differ on heating and cooling. Ar3 and Arl
refer to transformations during cooling and Act and Ac3
refer to transformations during heating. On fast cooling
the reaction also may be suppressed and martensltlc fer-
rite may form at relatively low temperatures, between
M and Mr' Also, In stainless steels, martensite may
ncl form during cooling, but may result from plastic
deformation. Similar transformations occur In otre r
alloys, particularly that from the alpha to the beta phase
In titanium alloys.
2. 0121 Isothermal transformation diagrams (also called time-
temperature-transformation diagrarns, T-T-T diagrams,
or S curves) enable the user to estimate how an alloy
wUI respond to cooling from the austenite (or solution
treat) temperature range. Where available these diagrams
are Included In this handbook.
2. 013 Thermal conductivity values arc reported In the literature
In a variety of units. The following units are used hrre,
Btu ft per (hr sq ft F).
2. 014 Thermal expansion Is usually reported for the temperature
range which excludes dimensional changes associated with
matrix transformations. It Is also reported In a variety
of ways, and the system selected here Is that used most
frequently. The mean coefficient of linear expansion Is
given for the range from room temperature to another
temperature, and plotted as a function of this latter temper-
ature. To obtain the total expansion from room to a par-
ticular temperature the value at this temperature Is mul-
tiplied h'J the difference between the temperature In qlies-
tlon and room temperature. This procedure answers
automatically the frequently raised question of how the
curve Is used at temperatures below room temperature.
The value of expansion In the curves Is always positive,
but the temperature difference Is then negative, and,
hence, the total expansion becomes, correctly, negative.
2. 015 Specifl. heJ't. :he English units used In thia document are
~u p.:r (',!:. Fj.
2. 016 Thern:lll 1iffuslvlty Is defined as thermal conductivity
divided ,,., :.:enslty and heat capacity, where heat capacity
Is usually taken as the value of specific heat at constant
pressure. The units employed here for thermal diffuslvlty
are tt 2/hr.
2, 02 Other Physical Properties
Under this heading all properties are assembled e:ccept
thermal, chemical. nuclear and mechanical.
2. 021 Density Is given, as the only exception, In both British
units and In metric units, since both are widely used.
2. 022 Electrical resistivity Is another property reported In a
large variety of units. The unit used here Is microhm-ln.
2. 023 Magnetic properties. Only limited Information on the
magnetic properties of the various forms and conditions,
Is presented here.
2. 024 Emissivity. The term emissivity Is reserved for the case
of an opaque material having an optically smooth surface,
and Is defined as the limiting .value of the emittance of the
body as the surface Is made more and more optically smooth.
Thus, for an opaque body the emissivity Is the lowest limit
of Emittance, (5).
2, 0241 Emittance Is defined as the ratio of the rate of radiant
emission from a body, as a consequence of its temperature
only, to the corresponding rate of emission from a black
body at the same temperature. This ratio c:nnot exceed
1.0.
2. 0242 Radiancy Is defined as the rate of radiant energy emission
from a unit area of a source In all the radial directions
of an overspreading hemisphere. Some authors report
radiancy data as emissivity data.
2. 0243 The majority of data presented herein are obtained from
various types of emittance measurements and are reported
as hemispherical, total, normal or spectral emittance as
a function of temperature. For further Information on
this subject, see Ref. 5.
2. 025 D:Jmping capacity Is defined as the amount of Internal
friction and dissipation of energy per unit volume of
material for one cycle of stress. It can be determined by
cyclic bending or alternating torsion and Is normally
reported In units of lnch-lb per cubic Inch per cycle. 1he
area of the stress-strain hysteresis loop Is a measure of
2. 03 Chemical Properties
This section Includes a general discussion of the resistance
of an alloy to various types of environments, except those
encountered In nuclear reactors. The chemical propertie11
most frequently Investigated and reported are corrosion
resistance and oxidation resistance.
2. 031 Corrosion resistance. The diacusslon of corrosion re-
slstnncu In this Handbook Is by necessity very short and
primarily concerned with phenomena adverse to strUC-
tural applications. Among these are: (a) the general
corrosion resistance In certain liquid media at low and
elc;-;ated temperatures; (b) special types of corrosion,
such as galvanic and lntergranular corrosion; (c) the
deterioration and resulting brittle behavior Induced by
stresses In corrosive environments, called variously
stress corrosion. stress corrosion cracldng and stress
cracking, depending on the resulting effect rather than on
any real physical difference; and. (d) hydrogen embrlttle-
ment of steels and titanium alloys.
2. 032 Oxidation resistance. The term oxidation resiatnnce Is
used here not only forthe effect of oxidizing atmosphere,
but also of any other !dud of ~taseous environment at
comparatively high temperatw:es and particularly at
service temperatures.
2. 04 Nuclear Properties
Thia general term Is used as a headlcg for any property or
property change which Is significant for the use ol the
particular alloy In nuclear reactor coastruction. These
Include: (a) the nuclear cross section, (b) various effects
of irradiation, (c) corrosion phenomena In reactors. and
(d) the application of grades having different chemistry,
etc.
 GENERAL DISCUSS.ION OF ALLOYS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
The properties presented in this chapter include all
mechanical properties. including elastic constants and
tangent and secant mndull. The chapter is sulxllvided into
6 sections.
All strength quantities are given In ksl, 1. e. thousand
pounds per square inch. This Is already establlshed
practice in design, except for elastic properties. Mcst
of the data reported apply to the various forms commer-
cially available and to standardized processing conditions.
No attempt has been made to describe the results of ex-
perimental processes and heat treatments. However,
because preference is given to alloys of current interest
and to their elevated temperature performance, many
current heat treatments may undergo changes in the ncar
future. In addition, the necessity for forming and welding
many structural parts has led to special processing con-
dltlons and these will probably increase in the future.
Problems of this nature arc also discussed to some extent
under FABRICATION (Sec Section 4)-
3.01 Specl!led Mcchanlcal Properties
3.011 Although this document is primarily a source of information
and not a design ha:xlbook, an attempt has been made to
include specl!led properties !rom certain sources- These
sources arc the AMS, the producers' data sheets and
occasionally consumers' specifications. In addition,
many specified properties will be subject to future changes,
particularly in regard to the effect of testing temperature.
Although some specifications involve other than room tem-
perature properties, room temperature mechanical
properties nrc the core of acceptance spcclflcut ions.
These arc of two types, (a) minimum and, occasionally,
maximum values fer design purposes, and (b) limiting
values for forming purposes. it is heyond the scope f
this handbook to descrihe the test n)elhtxls usl In deter-
mine these propenics. Mechanical prop..orties :ot clevatcl
temperatures arc spccific..-d in a numhlr of lnstnnccs mxJ
arc given In this se-ction. AMS, in purtkulur, frequently
specifics a special creep rupture test for smooth and
notchc'tl specimens. Smooth specimens arc s . metimes
required to withstand a speclficl stress and tcmpcratur"
for a minimum time. If rupture does not occur within
this time the test Is contlnuc'tl until rupture occurs either
maintaining the same stress or Increasing till' stress.
In either case the specimen mu~t cxhlhh a Npc-clfkl mlnl-
mwn elongation at rupturca In c.cnain cases n t.:omhinatlon
notch and smooth specimen Is uscl having equal notchcod
and smootl1 areas. Such specimens ure required to with-
stand,, specified stress and tcmperuturc for :o minimum
time. If rupture docs not occur within this time the test
is continued either maintaining thl' same stress or Increas-
Ing the stress, according to a specified schcodulc. Rupture
is required to occur In the smooth ::;,ctlon and minimum
values of rupture elongation arc spcoclfled.
3.012 Bending properties som ctlmcs specified by AMS arc
omitt~'tl In this document. The procedure now generally
cstahllshed is different from that used by the AMS and the
resulting values cannot be convened (see 4. 011 also).
3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
These properties arc most signl!lcant !or certain classes
of alloys, used primarily within a temperature range
where they arc structurally stable and not su.ccptlble to
creep. In such Instances, most or the data on typical me-ch-
anical properties will be found In this section, with the
exception of those for fatigue strength and clastic properties
which ore discussed separately. For alloys used predom-
inantly at elevated temperatures the room temperature
value or any specific property IS only one of o series of
values at different temperatures. Therefore, for these
alloys Information on typical room temperature properties
Is Included In the data for various temperatures, sec 3. 03.
The room temperature data arc typical values. They nrc
presumably representative of material in present commer-
cial production. There exists no yardstick to completely
evaluate the reliability of reported typical values. How-
6
ever, several criteria are useful in this respect, namely
(a) comparison of similar data !rom different sources,
(b) the extent ol. scattering, (c) the volwne of data, and
(d) (in the case of very limited dsts) a comparison wlth
some other proparty, such as that of compressive to
tensile yield strength. In this Instance, the expectation
is that compressive yield !ltrength is equal to or slightly
higher than tensile yield strength. However, reported
values of compressive yield strength may In some cases
be too high l1<.--cause of friction at the anvil surfaces.
Primary Interest in room temperature data relates to a
number of variables. These variables are the following:
(a) Effects of !ahrlcatlng and serv Icc conditions.
These Include exposure to ele<1ated temperature with
and wltl1out load and plastic deformations inserted
between various steps of heat treating.
(b) Effects of testing variables. Particularly slgni!l-
cant are the effects of the size of the material !rom
which the specimens were taken, the dimensions of
these specimens, and whether these specimens were
tal.:cn before or after the final heat treatment.
The need for dcflnlng tl1c material condition and the testing
conditions is fully recognized In this document. However,
discretion Is nc'Ccssnry in reporting these, partly because
of space limitations and partly because of the confusion
which may be caused by reporting details of little or no
significance when considering the cod product. Unfot-
tunately, In the majority of Instances, even some of the
pcnlncnt processing and testing data are not completely
available.
Specimen types and test methods arc omitted If they arc
convcntlotml. The respective American Society !or
Testing Material specifications should be consulted In this
case.
The following static room temperature mechanical proper-
tics nrc presented In tabular or graphical form, and in
most cases arc given as functions of the major parameters
that Influence the panlcuiar property, (e.g. carbon content
in steels, hmt treat conditions, etc.).
3. 021 Tension. Tensile ultimate strength, tensile yield strength
and ductility (elongation and r~>duction of area) ns measured
in a conventional tensile test. Yield strength test data
(F ) arc based on the 0. 2 percent offset method unless
otl~~rwlse Indicated.
3. 0211 Stress strain diagrams. Curves of tensile stress versus
tensile strain.
3. 022 Compression. Compressive yield strength as measured
by conventional techniques.
3. 0221 Stress strain diagrams. Curves of compressive stress
versus compressive strain.
3. 023 Impact. Impact energy values as measured by the Charpy
(notch or keyhole), izod, tension Impact or drop weight
(NOT) test.
3. 024 Bending. Maxlmwn bend strength In outer fiber as mea-
sured In pure bending, concentrated load bendir.g or
cantikoycr bending.
3. 025 Torsion and s11cnr. Well defined standards have not been
cstabllsht'<l. lhcluded here arc torque-twist tests, tear-
tests, etc.
3. 026 Bearing. Ilea ring strength is defined as the maximwn
bearing load at fnllure divided by the effective bearing
area. In a pinned or riveted joint, the effective area Is
the product Of the hole diameter and the thickness of the
bearing member, (see Metals Handbook, Vol- I, 8th
Edition, page 4). Specimen geometry must be considered
In evaluating bearing test results. The important dimen-
sions of the test specimen, hole diameter (D) and the
distance from the center of the hole to the end of the
specimen (c) arc usually expressed by the ratio, e/0.
3. 027 Stress concentration. The behavior of materials In the
presence of stress concentration (localized stress values
greater than the nomL"llll stress) Is ol concern to the
design engineer, portkularly 1! the usc of high strength
alloys Is being con,.idered !or cl:ltlcal service applications.
The information required is usually obtained !rom tests
dcsfgned to measure the loss in load carrying capacity of
a material within a certain area of test conditions. A
large yariety of types of tests have been used !or this '
\
 GENERAL DISCUSSION OF ALLOYS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
.:..;: purpose. However, the majority fall Into one of two
'"-':;; categories; notch tests or fracture toughness tests.
3.0271 Notch properties. These Include the results of test on
round and flat specimens contalnlng notches of various
dimensions. The specimen geometry, elastic stress
concentration factor (Kt) a~ material condition are
generally Included with the data presented since these
fuctors are known to Influence notch strength. Notch
tests are recognized as being particularly Important for
the evaluation of material embrlttlement as may be caused
by such factors as heat treatment. low temperatures, cold
work, etc.
3.0272 Recently the need for a reliable and reproducible
measurement of a materials' resistance to the catastrophic
propagation of sharp cracks under stress became apparent.
This characteristic can be suitably expressed in terms of
fracture tougheess, I. e. the stress intensity factor K at
the onset of rapid crack growth. Often the critical energy
release rate..$ has been used in the literature for the same
purpose. However, for the ~e of uniformity and since
.$ and K are related by K =E,J; .the term fracture tough-
ness as used in this handboolo alw.fys refers to K values.
Sections 3. 0272 and 3. 0372 list such fracture toughness
data wherever available. A more detailed description of
the definition of K values, the equations for their determ-
Ination, the differentiation for plane stress nod plane
strain conditions and the selection criteria used for the
data included arc given in Appendix C.
3.028 Combined properties. This section Is reserved for data
obtained by test methods involving combined load
applications, (e.g. internal pressure Inn thin-walled tube
plus axial tension). Also included here ore data on multi-
ple processes (e. g. tension test subsequent to pre strain
in compression).
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures
In this section only the so called short time properties ore
discussed. These are obtained by first raising or lowering
the temperature of the SP<->elmen to the desired IL"Vcl,
holding It at this temperature for n ccrtnln time, and tl1cn
testing In much the same manner as at room temperature.
Only deviations from standard methods nrc Indicated. It
should be noted that yield strength test data ( F ) nrc
based on the 0. 2 percent offset method nnless ~crwlsc
Indicated.
3.031 Tension. The bulk of short time mechanical test data is
obtained by means of tension tests, In general, good
agreement Is noted for data from different S<lUrces up ton
certain temperature. However, for the highest tempera-
tures the values obtained from conventional short time
tests frequently vary wWcly. It nppcnrs, that test condi-
tions nrc generally not sufficiently controlled to yield
consistent results at temperatures exccL'<ilng the usual
range of application. For high temperatures, therefore,
more closely controlled tension testing techniques nrc Cl.nd-
!ng Increasing nppllcnllon. TI1csc are Indicated In the
respective graphs where available.
3.0311 Stress strain diagrams, see 3.0211.
3.032 Compression, see 3. 022,
3.0321 Stress strain diagrams, see 3. 0221.
3.033 Impact, see 3. 023.
3.034 Bending, see 3. 024,
3.035 Torsion and shear, see 3. 025.
3.036 Bearing, sec 3. 026.
3.037 Stress concentration, see 3. 027.
3.0371 Notch properties, sec 3. 0271.
3.0372 Fracture toughness, sec 3. 0272.
3.038 Combined properties, see 3. 028.
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
TIese properties are lncrcnslng In Importance because
of the continuously increasing service temperatures which
aerospace systems must withstand. At such temperatures
alloys generally deform or creep slowly under load and
eventually rupture. As a role, tests arc performed with
temperature and load kept constant and the deformation
~ ,, measured as a function of time. Frequently, only the
rupture time Is observed. For evaluating materials regard
~-;- lng their resistance to creep, va~lous criteria nrc used.
For some applleatlons, the stress r~uired to obtain a
certain total strain (composed of the sum of elastic and
plastic strains) at a particular. temperature and time Is
used. For other applications, only the plastic strain or
"creep" is considered. The strains of interest range
primarily from 0. 2 to 1 percent.
3.041 Creep rupture strength (also called stress rupture strength)
Is simply the applied stress value which causes rupture,
saW stress being a function of the rupture time and tem-
perature. The significance of creep rupture strength Is
frequently minimized, but a continuous and voluminous
stream of such data Is being demanded and supplied for
alloys which serve at elevated temperatures. Although
elongation and reduction of area In creep rupture tests
are significant for service .performance, they are reportll<i
only Infrequently. These data, therefore. are not Included
in this document.
3.042 The creep rupture strength of notched specimens is used
to reveal the presence and magnitude of embrlttlement
which occurs in many high temperature alloys within a
certain range of temperature and time. The life of turbine
disks and buckets in some cases appears to he related
more closely to the rupture time of notched speclmene,
than to that of smooth ones. A number of Air Material
Specifications require such tests and the considerable
amount of Information available In this respect Ia included
in this document.
3.043 The many variables considered for creep and creep rup-
ture have led to the use of different methods of graphical
and tabular representation. In this Handbook, stress Is
used as the ordinate and time as the abscissa, usually
with one other variable as parameter. The log-log rep-
resentation Is preferred over semi-log coordinates,
because It allows reading stresses at any level with equal
percentage of accuracy.
3.044 Creep and total strain data, however, are best reported
In the form of Isochronous stress-strain curves. To
obtain such n curve, the total strain at a particular
time is plotted as the abscissa with the stress necessary
to obtain this strain as the ordinate. Time Is then the
parameter. The creep Is obtained by deducting from thb
total strain the elastic component. This procedure Is
somewhat lr.deflnltc because of the uncertainty regarding
the modulus of elasticity, Indicated by the tangent at the
origin of the lsochronO'ds curve.
3.045 A number of attempts have been made to assemble Infor-
mation on creep, and particularly on creep rupture strength,
for a given alloy condition In a single master curve.
While It Is not yet estabUshed that the effects of temper-
ature and lim can be thus substituted for each other,
master curves greatly assist In the first selection of
materials and the planning of more specific tests. Master
curves nrc generally plotted on semi-log coordinates,
with the stress as the ordinate and the so called "Parame-
ter, " (I. e. a func.tlon of temperature nod time), as the
abscissa.
3.0451 The most accurate master curves are the Linear Parame-
ter Curves developed for many alloys by Manson, et al.
(1)(2). The abscissa for this system Is a function of the
following form:
where T Is the temperature, F, t Is the time In hr, and
Ta and log 'a are constants depending on the material.
3.0452 Another parameter representation, that of Larson and
Miller (3), Is also frequently used. It has the advantage
that It can he derived from a limited amount of experimen-
tation, hut the disadvantage or reduced accuracy. In this
system the abscissa Is usually:
(T + 460) (log t + 20)
However, In some Instances a different value than 20,
EUCh as 25, may be substituted In this equation.
3.05 Fatigue Properties
These properties depend not only on the metal condition,
form and test temperature, bnt also on a niDDber of other
test variables. The m!1st Important ol these are: (a) the
 type of loading, (b) the limiting stress values, (c) the
nwnber of cycles to !allure, and (d) the geometry of the
test specimen. In addition the frequency of cycling
becomes an Important variable at elevated temperatures.
3. 051 The basic types of tests used are: (a) rotating beam,
where a circular specimen rotates under an applied sta-
tionary bending moment, (b) reverse bending, in which the
specimen 1s subjected to alternating bending, (c) axlsl
load in which the alternating stresses are tension or
compression, parallel to the specimen axis. These tests
are generally performed with the load fluctuating between
two definite limits until failure occurs (stress controlled
fatigue). The nominal stresses at these limits are cal-
culated by conventional elastic methods and are called the
maxlmwn stress, F ax' and the minlmwn stress, F min
In recent years, fatf&ue tests performed by cycling be-
tween two deflnlte strain limits (strain controlk'<l fatigue)
have gained considerable prominence, particularly In the
low cycle fatigue range. Such Information Is of special
Importance to the design of pressure vessels for nuclear
and other applications. The terminology for strain cycling
Is analogous to that for stress cycling If the term "strain"
Is substituted for "stress" In the equations (4).
3. 0511 In order to define a series of fatigue tests common prac-
tice uses stress ratio, R, which Is dcscrlb~>d by the fol-
lowing expression:
R = Fmln/Fmax
3. 0512 An alternative definition of the stress ratio Is the function:
A= Falt/Fmf
where Fait= l/2(Fmax- Fmtn> Is the alternating stress
and F mr = 1/ 2(!1 max+ F min> Is the mean &tress.
3.0513 Where only one stress ratio Is lnvolv~-d, It Is common to
report this ratio and the fatigue strcn~'lh In tubular form
for various cycles to failure.
3.0514 Where series of d:llu Jnvnlvc more: tlmn nne stress n.11 io,
usc Is made prcfernhly of n stress ntlli(C dlal(rnm. E:och
curve Jn this dtagrnm gives the ultcrnuling :lfrc:-~s us a
function of the mean stress for a given numilcr of cycles
to failure. The fatigue strength Is dcrfv~'<l from this
curve by means or the relation:
F
max
= F
mf
+ Falt
3.052 At elevated temperatures. creep phcnor11cnu or<..! super-
Imposed on fatigue. If the temper:Hun Is very high
and the mean stress Is also high, creep ruplure ruther
than fatigue hecomes the dominant factor. Under uch
conditions, the time to failure, rather than the numilcrs of
cycles, Is frequently reported. In ,order to utlllze data
of this type to Its full extent the frequency or the Ioadfng
should be reported. If stress range diagrams arc used to
present such information. creep data obtained during
the fatigue tests moy also be fncl uded. A number of stress
range diagrams for elevated temperntures have been made
available to this handbook by the Design Criteria Unit of
the Gen~ral Electric Co. These arc based on rotating
beam tests for F ~ 0 and direct stress tests for F
In order to opply'\}{ls doto to the service performancJr
the values obtained from direct stress tests hove been
Increased by a factor of 1. 15.
3.053 Additional significant variables are geometry of the speci-
men and Its surface condition. The tr.st s reported common-
ly relate to two types of specimens, rne smocth specimen
with the surface carefully polished In tne direction paral-
lel to the axis, and the notched specimen. Notched spe-
cimens usually have a circular cross section provided
with a circumferential groove. The fatigue strength of
such specimens depends on the strP.ss concentration
factor, Kt, for this notch.
3.06 l\lastlc Properties
Under this heading not only the classical elastic constants
but also the tangent modulus und secant modulus are re-
ported.
3.061 Values for Poisson's ratio. p. , are reported ooly for room
temperature. The value may be measured or calculated
from EandG.
3.062 The modulus of elasticity Is the most Important elastic
constant. It may be determined either from static tests
or using vibration (dynamic) techniques. Static values
represent the slope of the stress strain curve at the origin.
They are difficult to determine at elevated temperatures
and are affected by variations In the testing techniques.
Dynamic moduli are generally more consistent than static
values and may be considered to represent the true clas-
tic constants. In this Handbook static moduli are given
only If reasonably consistent.
The static compression modulus, Ec' Is theoretically
equal to the tensile value, E. However, particularly In
cold rolled materials residual stresses may cause con-
siderable differences between these two values.
3.063 The above discussed factors also apply to the modulus of
rigidity, G.
3.064 The tangent modulus Is the slope of the stress strain
curve at each stress value considered. Reported values
arc subject to considerable variations because of the
basic dlfflcul ty of determining accurately the slope 6f any
curve. The tangent modulus may be reported either for
tension or compression. Preference has been given In
this report to the compressive values which are signifi-
cant In regard to buckling and crippling of structures.
3.065 Values of the secant modulus, I. c. of the slope of a line
from the origin to the stress value considered, are re-
ported only Infrequently, but are presented here If avail
able.
4. FABRICATION
The term rab;,-icntion Is used here comprehensively to
mean atl of the processes which may ncrmally be employed
In the manufacture of parts or components from materials
as supplied by commercial producers. The processes
Include formabU!ty (forging, rolling, drawing, forming,
etc.), material removal (machining, grinding, etc.),
joining (welding, brazing, etc.) and the corresponding
post-operational treatments that may be required (heat
treatm<-nt, surface treatment etc.). A limited amount of
Information on fabrication Is presented In this Handbook.
The Information presented Is Intended to convey, first,
n picture of the relative fabrfcabllity or the alloy, ancl
second, to pinpoint areas In which material proper-
tics may be adversely affected by fabrication techniques.
4.01 Formablllty
This section .. ssembles for wrought alloys some pertinent
Information on their formability. The term "formability,
as used here, Is an Indication of a materlsl's ability to be
permanently deformed from a given shape to a different
shape by means of the practices presently employed (e.g.
forging, rolling, drawing, forming, dimpling, etc.). The
temperature ranges Involved, the mechanical power
require-d and the resulting material properties are all"
Important factors- to be considered In tho! evaluation of
formabllfty.
4.011 General Information on formablllty relates primarily to
?0. the forming of sheet, strip and plate In various conditions.
Where available, more specific" instructions for the
forming rf the different conditions have bel!n added.
Bending properties arc reported In terms of the bend
factor, which Is the ratio of minimum bend radius to
thickness.
4.012 Forging temperatures are reported as the maximum start
lng temperature and the minimum finishing temperature,
and apply to closed die forgings or blacksmith forgings in
the weight range of 5 to about 1000 pounds. Forging
temperatures for small parts, such as turbine blades or
buckets, are approximately the same. However, for these
forgings, a great deal of care ll'.Ust be exercised to avoid
critical strains which will Induce grain growth on reheating
for a subsequent operation or during heat-treating. Control
or groin size Is usually obtained by doing only a limited
amount of forging after each heating operation. Forging
temperatures and the amount of mechanical work per-
8
 '"''-,..'-"' "'"- Lll~vv~~IVI'II vr '"'LLVT;: ) '"'I"U I Ml:.lrt t'rtUt'l: .n I II:.;)

,..:..
formed at a given temperature are interrelated; and,
hence, a forging temperature cannot be specUied
without also specUylng the amount cf mechanical work
perlormed at that temperature . Detailed Information
on forgillg has been added where supplied by the producers.
(Wyman Ggrdon).
4.013 Information on rolling, extruding, drawing, various types
of formlng,dlm pllng, joggling, stamping, shearing and
riveting Is included when available In a form suitable for
Handbook presentation .
4.02 Machln1ng and Grlndlng
A very limited amount of Information on machining Is
presented here, and this Is given to Uiustrate primarily
the perlormance of different alloy conditions In various
machining operations.

4.03 Welding
The Information on welding assembled In this Handbook
serves primarily to call attention to areas where thP.
mechanical or. physical properties are nffected. Weld
abllity of an alloy Is an Important factor for Its selection
and has been discussed where Information Is available.

4. 04 Heat Treatment
This s~tlon complement s I. 05 and assembles specUic
details of the techniques which should be followed by
fabricators and users of the alloy.

4. 05 Surlace Treating
From this large topic, only a few Items, which appear
to be of particular Interest In connection with the general
purpose of the Handbook have been Included.

REFERENCES

Manson. S. S. and Haferd, A. M., "A Linear Time Tempera

ture Relation for Extrapolatio n of Creep and StressRupr ure
Data," NACA TN 2890, (March 1953)
2 Manson. S. S. and Brown. W. F., Jr,, 'TimeTemp ersture
Relations for the Correlation and Extrapolatio n of Stress
Rupture Data, " Proceedings, ASTM, Vol. 53, p. 693, (1953)
3 Larson. F. R. and Mlller, J., "A Time-Temp erature Relation
ship for Rupture and Creep Stress," Trans. ASME, Vol. 74,
p. 765, (1952)
4 Sachs, G., Gerberich, W. W,, Weiss, v. aod La Torre, J. V.,
"Low Cycle Fatigue of Pressure Vessel Materials," Proceedings,
ASTM, Vol. 60, p. 512, (1960)
5 Wood, W.D.,Deem , H. W.and Lucks, C. F., "Bmlaslvlty aod
Emittance What are They'", DMIC Memorandum 72, Battelle
Memorial Institute, (November 1960)
6 Sisco, F. T., "Modern Metallurgy for Buglneera", (Book), Second
~ ' Edition. Pitman l'llbl. Co., (1948)
:'i~
"'... ,..

9
 REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GENERAL
TABLB3.011
This low carbon low alloy steel Is typical d. those havlug a
Source uss J.2, _1).12, 13) Fe
toral alloy content less than about 2. 5 percent. It Is not
heat treatable but In the annealed or normalized condition
Alloy Fe~OJ2C\-G.8Cr-G.5SI-G.4Cu-G.35Mn-G.3NI-O.ll
Galvanized, CR or CoUs
0.1 c
It Is significantly stronger than plain carbon steel and has Condition HR
superior corrosion resistance. It Is easily formed and Ann or Norm 0.8 Cr
welded, (1, p. 2, 3) (4). >0.5 >1.5 > 0.5 > 1.5
Thickness - In ~0.5
to 1.5 to 3
:=;0.5
tol.5 to 3
0.5 Si
1. 01 Commercial Designation. USS CorTen. mln-lcsl 70 67 63 65 62 58 0.4 Cu
Ftu'
F min-ks! :. ~ 47 43 45 42 38
- -- -- 0.35 Mn
1. 02 Alternate Designation. None. Fty'
Fe~
mln-lcsl
min-lsi
50 -
- - --
52.5 0.3 Ni
1.03 Specification. MIL-S-7809, (1, p.2). ef~ln)mln-percen
e( 81n)mln-perceu
22
18
-
19
24
19
-
-
-- -- 0.11 p
1.04 Composition. Table 1. 04.

TABLE 1 04 CorTen
3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
Source uss (2, p.12)
3.021 Typical mechanical properties of bar and sheet at room
~- Percent temperature, Table 3.021.
Min Msx
Carbon - 0.12 TABLE3 021
Chromium 0.30 1.25 Source (3,_p. 160
Copper 0.25 0.55 Alloy e-(0.12C)-G.BCr-G.5SI-G.4Cu-0.35Ma-0.3Ni-G.llP
Manga,ce 0.20 0.50 Form Rouod bar
Nlclct.) - 0.65 Condition _HR_
Silicon 0.25 0.75 Dla - In 0. 75
l'llosphorus 0.07 0.15 F , typ lcsl 78.4
Sulfur
Iron
- Balance
0.05 Ftu, typ - lcsl
e(~ln)typ-percent
60.6
26.6
e(21n)typ-percent 40.2
RA -percent 72.0
1.05 Heat Treatment Hardness,
1.051 Normalize. 1650 F, air cool, (2, p. 51). BHN 156
1.052 Anneal. 1550 F, furnace cool, (2, p. 51).
1.05S Stress rellcC. 1150 F, 1 hr per In of maximum section
3. 0211 Stress strain curve at room temperature for sheet In ten-
thickness, (2, p. 51).
sloo, Fig. 3. 0211.
3.0212 Stress strain curves at room temperature for welded and
1.06 Hardenablllty
This alloy cannot be hardened by heat treatment, (4). unwelded sheet, Fig. 3. 0212.
1.061
3.022 Typical static torsloo values of bar aod tube at room tem-
Forms and Conditions Available perature, Table 3. 022.
1.07
1.071 General. This steel is available In all products and most TABLE 3 022
of the sizes and sections which are supplied In carbo:l
Source 13. n.160
steel, (2, p.19).
Alloy Fe- 0.12C -o.BCr-0.5SI-0.4Cu-G.35Mn-0.3NlO.UP
Form HR bar
1. 08 Melting and Casting Practice
Dla -In .500 0.538 0. 050 In wall thickness
1. 09

2.
Spec in! Considerations

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

F
F:
- lcsl
- ksl
85.5
39.8 I 59.0
31.9 -
3.():!3 Tension Impact properties of bar at room temperature,
2.01 Thermal Properties Table 3,023.
2.011 Melting point
l'llase changes TABLE 3 023
2.012
2.013 Thermal conductivity -6 Source (3 n.l62l
Thermal expansion at 70 to 200 F, 6.3 x 10 In per In Allov Fe- 0.12Cl-G.BCr-0.5SI-0.4Cu-G.35Mn-0.3NIO .llP
2.014
per F, (2, p.13). IForm HR bar
Dla -In 0.2 smooth I notched as shown
Ft-lb 129.1 42.0"
2.02
2.021
2.022
Other l'llyslcal Pro;>crtles
Density
Electrical properties
e (2 ln)-percent
Avg of two tests
28.2 I
7.7

2.023 Magnetic properties. Steel Is ferromagnetic.

~~:~
2.03 Chemical Properties
2.031 Corrosion resistance. This alloy 1s 4 to 6 times more
resistant to atmospheric corrosion than plain carbon steel
and 2 to 3 times more than copper steel because of
formation of a dense~; more adherent protective oxide
r 0.01
coating, (2, p. 9).
2.0311 Time-corrosion curves In lndustrlnl and marine atmos- 3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures
pheres at ambient temperature, Fig. 2, 0311. 3.031 Short time tensloo properties
3.0311 B!fect of shan-time ~e to elnated temperature on
2.04 tensile properties , Fig. 3. 0311

3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties

3.01 Specified M~~~tles 3.05 Fatigue Properties

3.011 Producer's minimum mechanical properties, Table 3.011. 3.051 Typical fatigue properties of bar, Table 3, 051.

CODE 1101
PAGE
 FER ROU S ALLOYS REVI SED MARC H 1963

TABLE 3.051
Fe Source 3 p.163
4.034 For gas welding, hlgll strength welding rodd (such
as
Alloy ASTM A 251, CA-65) are recomm ended, (2, p.53).
0.1 c Form
Fe- 0.12C)- 0.8Cr-0 .5SI-0.4 Cu-0.35 Mn-0.3 Nl-0.1J
Smooth specime n Specimen A Specim en B
P 4.035 Carbon arc welding Is not,reco mmend ed, (2, p.53X4)
.
4.036 This steel may be resistan ce welded to ltoei! or
0.8 Cr Dla- In 0.300 0.25, 0. 75 long, 0.02 radius hole
other
resistan ce-weld able ferrous alloys, using the same
0.500 0.400 method s applied to plain carbon steel, (2, p.53),
0.5 Si Rot beam Maxi-
mwn thickne ss 0. 125 In re.:omm ended for spot welding
ksl ,
0.4 Cu In air 54.0
(4).
24.5 25.0
0.35 Mn In water 29.0 13.0 18.0 4.04 Heating and Heat Treatin g
4.041 Aller forging, either normal izing or annealin g may
0.3 Ni desirab le, (2, p.Sl). (See 1.051 and 1.052).
be
0.11 p __.::J o.75
1- 4.042 After welding or cold forming , heat treatme nt usually
Is
0

~
not require d, but stress relief may be desirab le
in applt-
cations requirin g maximw n ductility , (:Z, p. 51).(See
Cor Ten 1. 053).
4.05 Surface Treatin g
4.051 This steel may be satisfac torily galvaniz ed In either
the
Specim en A formed or flat conditio n by standar d procedu res,
Specimen B (2, p, 51).

3.052 Axial t~sloo fatigue (R =ao). Enduran ce limit

60 ksl for
15 x 10 cycles, (3, p.l75).

3.06 Elastic Propert ies

3.061 Modulus of elastici ty, 28 to 30 x 103 ksi, (2, p.l3).

4. FABRICATION

4.01 Formin g and Casting

4.011 Hot forming between 1500 and 1650 F, (2, p. 48).
4.012 Forging temper ature 2100 F precede d by soak at
1850 F,
(2, p.SO),
4.013 This steel Is readily cold formed if provisio ns are
made
Cor liberal bend radii and for spring-b ack,
(2, p. 49).
This materia l does nothsve directio nal propert ies.
For deep
drawing temper roiled II'B terlal (about 1 percent
reductio n)
should be used, (1, p.U).
4.0131 Minimwn bend radii, Table 4, 0131.

4. 0132 Hot forming is recomm ended for angie bending rna

terlai
aver 0. 5 in thick, (2, p. 12).

4. C2 Machining
4.021 Machin ability is superio r to plain carbon steels
of the same
strength IP.Vels, (4).
4.03 Weidi11g_
4. 031 The slioy can be welded readily by the usual gas
and arc
methodn With comple te freedom from air-hard ening,
(4).
To a:old to;;hness reductio n in heavier sections
, 0. 5 In
Is recomm ended as the maximlim thickne ss in welded
ap-
plicatio nn, (2, p. 52).
4, 032 .ASTM A 233 or E II.\ rJecuod "'' are recomm ended
for
shielded arc welding. Weld~ made with thes" electro
des .
will have yield Dtl .'llgths in rxcess or eql:.tl to that
of the
base metals, t2, p. 5~)(4).
4.033 Mechan ical ;>r<fJCrtles of welded and ur.welded sheet,
Table 4 033
TABLE 4 033
!Source I, p.4)
IAiiov Fe-(0. J2C)-0. 8Cr-0.5 St0.4C u-0.35M nO. 3NlO.
Form IIP
Sheet
Condition Welded (Oxwel # 32 ruler).
Unweided Welded (AJSl 410 SS~r:lier)
NoHT 1500 F, 1 hr 700 F I ~11150 F,l5 min 1150 F. I h
' AC+700 F. I hr '
Thickn ess - In 0.048 o.o,c 0.048 0.070 0.048 0.070
L T L T 0.070
L L L L L
Ftu - ks1 72.6 72,7. 74.5 74.4 74.6 76.6 75.7 76.1 77.6
F - ksl 53.3 54 s; 74 74.7

I
55.4

I
53.8 59.8
e ~ In) - percent
56.8 62 62.7 57.5
26 25 28 21 60
20 20 20 21 18 20 20

CODE 1101
1---------l
PAGE 2
 REVISEO MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
..,. ..

'" ....
'~ 12 Fe-(OJ2C)-0.8C,--0, Sl-0.4Cu-0 .35Mn-
i!S
S(
C. 3N!-0.11P
70

0. 070 IN SHEET, L
..., .-
Fe-(O.l2C)-0.8cr-o.5Si-0.4Cu-ll_.35Mn-
0 ' 3 Nl-O.UP
0.1
Fe
c
Cr
/p 0.8
60
,f
m8 ,_ 0.5 Si
~ 0.4 Cu
so

!5
~~~ ~-- ~--~16
/;'
;
RT
0.35
0.3
Mn
Ni
~0~
~ 0 I 8
0.11 p
YEARS
FIG. 2. 0311 'liME-CORROSION CURVES IN IN-
DUSTRIAL AND MARINE ATMOS- 30
fh'
I
I
Cor Ten
PHERES AT AMBIENT TEMPERA-
'TURE (2, p. 10)

20
!U'II
10 I' --NOT WELDED
- .,..- AS WELDED
-
WELDED+ STRESS
RELmR llSOF,l H~-

0
If (INERT GAS ARC
WELDING WITH OX-
WELD # 32j'lLLER )
0 0.002 0.004 0.006
STRAIN - IN PER IN
FIG. 3.0212 STRESS STRAIN CURVES AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE FOR WELDED AND
UNWELDED SHEET ( 1, p.I.f- 22)

100

80

!DC 60~
.
t2

100 Fe-(0.12C)-0.8Cr-O.~Sl-0.4Cu-0.35Mn- "'

0. 3Nl-O.UP
80 40
0. 070 IN SHEET
80

v- RT. ['.... 60

60
I""
/ ~
J.j() 0

TENSION 20

20

0
0 0.160
o. 080 o. 240 0.320
STRAIN - IN PER IN FIG. 3.0311 EFFECT OF SHORT-TIME
EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED
FIG. 3.0211 STRESS STRAIN CURVE AT ROOM TEMPERATURES ON TEN-
TEMPERATURE FOR SHEET IN SILE PROPERTmS
TENSION (1, p.IS) (5, p.38)

CODE 1101
 r110.nnvu.: ALLUT:; REVISED MARCH 1963

REFERENCES
Fe
0.1 c Dolega, E. A., '"Investigation of Low Alloy, High Strength
Steel as a Missile Fuel Tanlc'', Belf Aircraft Corp. Rep.
0.8 Cr No. BLR 5356 (March 31, 1953)
2 United Srates Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, uss CorTen, High
0.5 Si Streugtb Low Alloy Steel'", (1960)
3 Collins, W. L. &Dd Dolan, T. ]., '"Physical Properties of
0.4 Cu Fuur Low Alloy High Strength Steels'' Proc. ASTM,
Vol. 38, Pt. II (1938)
035 Mn 4 Alloy Digest, '"USS CorTen'", Filing Code SA-17, Steel
Alloy (April 1954)
0.3 Nf
5 Steurer, W. H., '"Metals for Structures Exposed to Aero-
0.11 p dynamic Heating'', Chapter 2 In '"Merals for Supersonic
Aircraft and Missiles'", (Crobecker, D. W., Tech. Ed.),
Cor Ten ASM, Cleveland (1958)

CODE 1101
PAGE 4
 REVISEDMAR CH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GENERAL 2.022 Elect.tical properties

This low carbon low alloy steel Is normally used in the 2.023 Magnetic properties. Steel is ferromagnetic. Fe
stress relieved condition after hot or cold rolling. Moder-
ate strength Is maintained up to about 800 F combined with 2.03 Chemical Properties 0.14 c
high toughness. Corrosion and oxidation resistance are 2.031 Considerably superior tn plain carbon steel when exposed
superior to plain carbon grades. Weldabillty Is excellent. to rural, marine or Industrial atmosphere, (4). 0.75 Si
2.032 Oxidation resistance Is superior to that or plain carbon
1.01 Commercial Designation. NAX AC 9115. steels at all temperatures, (4).
0.6 Cr
1.02 Alternate Oeslgnati'ln. None.
0.2 Mo
2.04 Nucl""r Properties
0.1 Zr
1.03 Specification. Table 1. 03. 3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

TABLE 3.01 Specified Mechanical Properties NAX AC9115

Form 3.011 AMS design mechsnical properties for sheet, strip and
Sheet, strip and plate plate, Table 3.011.
Wire
TABLE 3.011
Source AMSffi
1. 04 Composition. Table 1. 04. Allov Fe 0.14C)-D. 7SSI-D.6Cr-D.2Mo0. 1Zr
Form Sheet, strln and nlate
TABLE 1 04 Condition HR or CR +ann
Source AMS 1 !National Steel 2 Thickness In s 0.5 > 0.5 to! ; 1 to 2 > 2 to4
Percent Percent Ftu ksl 70 65 63 60
Min Max Min Max ~ ?:z . ksl 50 43 40 38
Carbon e inl oercent 22 22 22 22
0.10 0.17 0.10 0.17
Chromlwn 0.50 0.75 0.50 0.75
Copper . 0.35 . . 3. 02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
Manganese 0.50 0.80 0.50 0.80 3. 02i Typical room temperature tensile properties or bar and
Molybdenum 0.15 0.25 . 0.15 sheet, Table 3. 021.
Nickel . 0.25 . .
SUicon 0.60 0.90 0.60 0.90 TABLE 3 021
Zirconium 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.15 Source 21
Phosphorus . 0.040 . 0.04 Allov Fe 0.14C -o. 75St-o. 6er-o. 2Mo-D.1Zr
Sulfur . 0.040 . 0.04 Form Bar Plate Sheet
lron Balance Balance I Condition HR CR
Thickness In I. 0 dla 0.1875 0.078 I 0.0375
F
Ftu
ksl 76 76.5 78 ! 75.3

...' /
1.05
1.051
1.052
1.053
Heat Treatment
Anneal. 1625 to 1650 F, furnace cool, (3).
Normalize. 1650 to 1675 F, air cool, (3).
Stress relief anneal. 900 to 1150 F, air cool, 30 min ro
e
ty
ksl
percent
RA . percent
52
40 (2 in)
74
53
25 (Bin)
.
56
25 _(8 In) I 50.5
25 (8 in)
.
6 hr, (2, p. 2).
1.0531 Etreci of stress relief temperature and holding time on ten 3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures
sUe properties of hot and cold rolled sheet, Fig. 1. 0531. 3.031 Short time tension properties
1.054 For optlmwn physical propertleB, normalizing above AcJ 3.0311 Effect of test temperature on tenstle properties or hot
(see 2.012) Is preferred to either annealing or spheroldlze rolled bar, Fig. 3. 0311.
anneal, (2, p. 5). 3.0312 Effect or test temperature and stress relief on tensUe
propenles or cold rolled sheet, l'ig. 3. 0312.
1.06 HardenabUity 3.032 Short time properties other than tension
1.061 End quench hardenablllty at various carbon levels, Fig. 3.0321 Ertect of low and elevated temperatures on Impact strength
1.061. or welded plate, Fig. 3.0321.
1.07 Forms and Conditions Avall.lble 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
1.071 This steel Is available " cold drawn wire, hot or cold 3.041 Creep rupture curves at 800 to liDO F for as hot rolled
rolled sheet or strip, hot rolled light plate, bar, billet and for spheroldized !r, Fig. 3,041.
and bloom, (1). 3.042 Creep curves at 800 to liDO F fur spheroldlzed bar, Fig.
3.042.
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice
1.0&1 Basic open hearth, (4). 3.05 Fatigue Properties

'1.09 Special Conslderallons 3.051 Endurance limit at room temperature by both cantUever
bCndlng and rotating beam Is 46 to SO ksi, (4).
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
3.06 Elastic Properties
2.01 Thermal Properties 3.061 Modulus or elasticity at room and elevated temperatures,
2.011 Melting point Fig. 3.061.
2:012 Critical wmperatures, (2, p. 5). 3
3.062 Modulus of rigidity. 11.8 ksl x i0
A ~ 1390 F Arl 1300 F
A~ X 1570 F (0.17C) A = 1490 F (0.17C) 4. FABRICATION
3
AcJ 1.600 F (O.IOC) A~3 E 1530 F (O.IOC).
2.013 Thermal c.,nductiv1ty 4.01 Forming and Casting
2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2. 014. 4.0ll 1111s steel can be cold formed by standard proc<>lures used
2.015 Specific heat ' for ordinary carbon steels U provisions are made for the
higher strength of the alloy, (3). Intermediate anneals are
2.02 Other Physical Properties recommended for heavy reductions. Sprlngback Is about
2.021 Density. 0. 284 lb per cu ln. 7. 84 gr per cu em. the same as annealed AISI 304 !llalnless steel.
4.012 Forging. Starting temperature 2150 to 2250 F, finishing

1102
PAGE
 Fee
FERRO liS ALLOYS REVISCJ MARCH 1963

temperature 1700 F minimum. Finishing at 1700 F produces

Fe beaer properties than higher finishing temperature s, (3). Ill 48 Fe-(0.100.1 6C)-O. 745!-0. 6Cr-O. 2Mo-
0.14
0.75
c
Si
4.02
4.021
Machining
General. The alloy machines beaer than carbon steels ol
~
"'
.1Zr
-o. 6c
l
approximate ly the same tensile strength, (3). The cold t? 40 - - 0.13 C
0.6 Cr worked condition has the best machinabilit y.
-- 0.10 c
0.2 Mo 4.03 Welding
4.031 For arc welding,_ low hydrogen electrodes recommende d are;
0.1 Zr E 6015 (thin gages) aod E 7015 (multipass welds), (2, p.6).
4,032 For hellarc weldlng,a filler wire ol NAX AC 9115 may be
used.
NAX AC 9115 4.033 Spot welding should be performed by pulsation methods for
heavier gauges and by post heat cycles for the lighter gauges,
(2, p.6).

Heating and Heat Treating

160 2 4 8
4.05 Surface Treating DISI'ANCB FROM QUBNCHBD BND
SDtTBBNl1:l IN
FIG. 1.061 ENDQUENCHHARDBNABILlTY AT
VARIOUS CARBON LBVBLS
(2, p.ll)

9 Fe(0.14C)-O . 75Si0.6CrO . 2Mo0.1Zr

"'I!! 8 1llERMAL
Ill:
MBAN clEFEXPANSIO
LINEL N--1--.,.....fo:::::;;._--f
i5
Ill:
I!!
i5 7~---+~~~--~~--~--~

~c~----400~----600~----~----~=---~1:0
TBMP-F
FIG. 2.014 nuuu.u.L BXPA!omON
(3)
1110
Fe(0.14C)-0 . 75Si0.6Cr0 .2Mo
1110 ~----~----~----r----,
p.1Zr e 0.1110 IN HR} sHasT Fe-(0.14C)- 0. 75SI-0.6Cr0.2Mo0,1~r
o 0.060 INCR
80
,
I~
.. -
;.~
...
0.0875INHR BAR

~'ru

60
I.-- -~I"'
I"'
~'n

20 HOlDING TIMB
e 1/2 HR
0 6 HR

~0 20 e 12 IN\ '1:P'

~
0
0 800 1200
TEMP- F
FIG 1,0531 F.FFECT OF STRESS RELffiF 0
TBMPr!RATURE AND HOLDING -200 200 600 1000 1400
TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES TEMP F
OF HOT AJIO OOLD ROLLED FIG. 3.0311 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERAnJ RE
SHEET ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF HOT
(2, p. 2-3) ROLLED BAR
(2, p.4)

CODE 1102
 REVISEDMARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe
0.14 c
0.75 Si
0.6 Cr
0.2 Mo
0.1 Zr

~
20
o
0.062 }
0. 050 IN SHEBT CR
NAX AC9115
STRBSS RBLIBF USO F
0 --- ANN

~~--~~~--~~~--~~----~ft FIG. 3.041 CREEP RUPTL"'tE CURVES AT 800

TO 1100 F FOR AS HOT ROLLED
TBMP-F .-\ND FOR SPHBo. OIDIZBD EAR
FIG. 3.0312 BFFBcr OF TBST TBMPBRATURH AND (2, p.S)
srRBSS RBLIBF ON TBNSILB PROPBR-
TIBS OF COlD ROLLED SHBBT Fe-(O.l4C)-o. 75Sl-D.6er0b. 2Mo-D.l7.r
(2, p.4)
r--- iiR.BJ.R

-----
&.10 F
10
8
900F
6
1000 F

2 """- .......
1100 F
0.1~ CRB,
1
10 100 1000 10,000
11MB -HR
FIG. 3. 042 CREEP CURVES AT 800 TO 1100 F
FOR SPHBROIDIZBD EAR (2, p.S)
36
Fe-(0.14C)-D. 75Sl-D. 6Cr-D. 2Mo-D.1Zr

80 Fe-(0.14C)-O. 75 i-0. 6Cr-O. 2 o-0. l r

0.500 IN PLATB
28 -- HRBAR

~
B (STATIC)

12
0 ~ 800
\ 1~ 1600
TEMP- F

20 -.- AS ROLLED FIG. 3.061 M:>DULUSOF ELASTICITY' AT ROOM

0I
- - WBLD METAL
---- LINB OF FUSION
--HEAT APPEcrED ZONE
I I I
e L
0 T I AND ELEVATED TEMPBRATURBS

REFERENCES
(2, p.S)

-100 -so o so 100 AMS 6354 and 640(), (May I, 1954)

TBMP- F 2 "N-A-X AC 9115 Alloy Steel", Great Lakes Steel Corp.
FIG 3,0321 EFFEcr ,)pLOW AND ELEVATBD (National Steel)
TEMPERATURES ON IMPAcr 3 Alloy Digest, "N-A-X AC 9115", Filing Code: SA -II,
STRENGTH OF WELDED PLATE Steel Alloy, (Aug. 1953)
(2, p.7) 4 Data on NAX AC 9115 (lener), Great Lakes Steel Corp.,
(Jan. 2, 1959)
... ,

CODE 1102
PAGE 3'
 1.0 GENERAL
T-1 is a low carbon, quenched and tem~ed construct 1.05 Heat Treatmen t
lonal alloy steel combinlDg good weldab1llty with high 1.051 General. The strength aDd hardness of T-1 and T-1
yield streogtb and high toughness even at subzero type A are imparted by quenching and tempering . These Fe
temperatu res. Its resistance to atmospher ic corrosion
is considerab ly better than that of convention al carbon
alloys should not be used without best treatment,
Normally they are aupplled in the best treated Condltloo
0.15 c
steels. When beat treated to 321 or 360 Brinell mlnlm um If it Is necessary or desirable to bot work (above HOOF)
hardness, the alloy bas good resistance to imptct aDd subsequen tly heat treat the alloys, the suggested 0.92 Mn
abrasion. The compositio n employed produces a steel heat treatment is as follows, (2X8).
of high bsrdensbil lty so that high streogtb is maintained 1.052 Austenitiz e, 1650F to 1750F, water quench, (5).
0.88Ni
in the larger size products. !.053 Temper. USOF to 127SF. Qui!IICblq,; lifter tempering
T-1 type A is n lower-allo yed modUled version of the is desirable but not absolutely neces98ry , (2)(8),
0.50Cr
alloy having n leaner chemical compositio n than the Tempering temperatu re should not exceed 1275F, (5).
parent alloy, T-1, but similar mecbsnlca l properties , 1.054 To improve notch toughness of heavy sections over 2, 5
0.46 Mo
T -1 type A was developed to provide a c:onst:ructlonal inches, the following is recommen ded:
alloy of high strength at mlnlmum cost, (1)(2X3)(4). 1750P, water quench, reheat to 1650F, water quench.
0.32 Cu
Temper as in 1. 053, (5), 0.26Si
Commerci sl Designatio n
T-1, T-1 type A, 1.06 Hardness
1.061 Typical hardness of best treated plate. 275 Brinell 0.06V
1.02 Alternate Desigt!ation (approx. ), (2).
USS "T-1", USS "T1" type A, 1.062. Effect of tempering temperatu re on hardness, Fig. +B
1,062,
1.03 Specificati ons 1.063 EDd quench bsrdenabi llty baDds, Fig. 1.063.
1.031
T-1
MIL-S-197 95.
1.032 ASME Code Case 120410. 1.07 Forms aDd Coa:!ltlons Available
1.033 ASTMA514, A517. 1.071 Alloys are available in the form of best treated sheet,
plate, bar, structural shapes and seamless tubular Fe
1.04
1.041
Compositi on
Chemical compositio n of T-1 alloy, Table 1. 041 1.072
products, (7).
Alloys are also available in semifinls hed form as
0.17 c
blllets aDd as non-heat treated plate (under 0. 25 lncbes)
TABLE 1 041
aDd bar, (7).
0.86Mn
Source S Steel r.
Alloy 1.073 T-1 alloy is avallable as castings solely through 0.50Cr
T-1 licensees r1 U.s. Steel, (7).
Form (c) Plate
R~lar
T-1 alloy plate is supplied only in the heat treated 0.25Si
Firebox ASME Code(a'Jia rdness1b CoDdition in thicknesse s from 0. 187 inch to 6. 0 lncbea
Percent Percent Percent Percent and widths up to 147 inches and in vnrious qualities
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
including regular, firebox, ASME Code Case 120410,
022 Mo
Boron ~~~~~~~~~~~~~00~
~ 321 aDd 360 Brine!! mlnlmum Dardnesa. Maximum
Carbon ~ 10 o. :a!
0.10 o. 20 o. 10 o. 20 0.10 o. 20 length available is 480 lncbes, (7),
0.05V
Chromium p.40 0.65
0.40 0.65 0.40 0.80 0.40 0.65 1.075 T-1 type A plate is supplied only in the heat treated 0.02Ti
Copper ~-15 o.so
0.15 o.so 0.15 0.50 0,15 0.50 Condition in tl-Jcknesse s from 0,187 inch to 1. 25 1ncb
'~ Manganese ~.60 1.00 0.60 1.00 0.60 1.00 0.60 1.00
~ "/ Molybdenum p.40 0.60 0.40 0.60 0.40 0.60 0.40 0.60
aDd widths up to 147 inches and in various qualities
including regular, firebox, 321 Brinell mlnlmum
+B
Nickel p.70 !.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 1.00
Phosphorus - hardness and Floor Plate; Maximum length available
0.040 - 0.03 - 0.03! - 0.040
Silicon 0.!5 0.35 0.15 0.35 0.15 0,35 0.15 .35
is 480 inches, (7), T-1 TYPE A
Sulfur - 1.076 Bar is availabl10 In a wide range of sizes in either the
0.040 - 0.04( - 0.04( 0.040
Vanadium 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.08 beat treated or non-heat treated Condition, (7).
0.03 0.10 0.03 0.08 1.077
Iron Balance Balance Balance Heat treated S!rUCtural shapes aDd tubular products
Balance
are available in various shapes, sizes and Conditloos ,
a) Furnished to ASME Code Case 1204-10, firebox quality. (7).
b) Furnished to 321 or 360 minimum Brinell hardness for resistance 1.078 For detailed informatio n on Forma and CoDdltlona
to Impact abrasion. available, please rder to Reference 7.
c) Regular plate, bar, structural shapes and seamless tube products.
1.042 Chemical compositio n of T-1 type A alloy, Table 1.042. 1.08 Melting and Casting Practice
TABLE I 042
1.09 Special Considera tions
Source lJS s.....J '71 1.091 Blooms, blllets, bars or ingots which bsve net been
Alloy Tl TvoeA heat treated should never be gas cut. They should be
Form (cl
Min~!~n~~
sawed or hot sheared; or cold sheared If the size permits,
Quality Rei<ular Firebnx Floor Plat<! (5).
Percent Percent Percent Percent 1.092 When heating to llOOF fur forming, temperatu re should
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max be accurately controlled .
Boron p.ooo o.oos p.ooo5 0.005 p.ooos 0,005 .000! 0,005 1.093 Alloys must always be in the quenched and tempered
Carbon 0.!2 0.21 p.!2 0.21 p.!2 0.21 .12 0.21 condition before welding or gas cutting,
Chromium p.40 0.65 p.40 0.65 p.40 0.65 .40 0.65 1.094 Alloys form an adherent scale; thus extremely high forging
Copper (b)
Manganese
- 1.00- .70- 1.00
. p.70
- p.70- 1.00- ,70- 1.00
- temperatu res should be avoided.
Molybdenum p.!S
0.25 .15 0.25 p.!S 0,25 .IS 0.25 2.
Phosphoru s
Silicon
- 0.040 - 0.035 - 0.040 - 0.040
p.20 0.35 .20 0.35 .20 0.35 .20 0.35
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

2,01
Sulfur
Titanium
- 0.040 - 0.040 - 0.040 - O.Ol
p.OI 0.03 .01 0.03 .01 0,03
2.011
Thermal Properties
Melting range.
~.01
0.03 2.012 Phase cbsngea,
Vanadium p.03 0.08 .03 0.08 .03 0,08 11.03 0.08
Iron 2.0121 Time-tem perature transform ation diagram, Pig, 2.0121.
Balance Ba ance Balance Balance
(a) Furnished to 321 minimum Brlnell Hardness for resistance 2.013 Thermal conductivi ty.
to 1m 2.014 Thermal exptnaion ,
pact abrasion
(b) Copper added If desired T-1 alloy:
2.014 -75 to 200F, 6.5 x 106 in/in/F,
(c) Regular plate, bar, structural shapes and seamless tube products
70 to 1300F, 7. 74 X 106 in/in/F.

CODE 1103
PAGE
 FERROUS ALLOYS MARCHI965

Tl type A alloy:
Fe 75 to 200P, 6.5 x xo6 ID/ID/11, TABLR 2 041
0.15 c 2,015
80 ro 1300P, 7.60 x 10-6 ID/ID/P , (5).
SpecJtlc beat
Source
Alloy_
Mill
T-1
2.016 Therma l dlffuaiv lty
Q92 Mn I SPecimen narc:b lmoact. 0.187 to 0. 2 In , cantilev er
Tell! Effect of Irradiat ion on !n.pact propert ies - -
2.02 Other l'byalcal Propert ies
Q88N i 2.021 Density . o. 284 lb per cu ln. 7. 85 gr per cu em,
llrradia tloa
Conditio ns
Transiti on Temp-F ,(a Mu energy absorpti on ,
2.022 (2). IDIb (b)
EJectrlc al properti eD
0.50 Cr 2.0221 Realsr1v lty. Apprax. :U mlcrobm cm at 70P, Exposure.
2.023 (5). Temp-P nvr (c) Co::ttol Irradiat ed Control Irradiate d
Magneti c properti es < 100
Q46 Mo 2.0231 Normal DC magnetl zatloa curve for plate, Flg. <200 l.:~~gf8
16$ +167 67 22
2.0231. 240 -40 48 40
2,024 Bmlaolv lty <200 7xlo19
Q32 Cu 2.025 Dlunpillg capacity 575 Sx10l8
240 +1:;0 48 23
-240 -us 48 48
2.026 Cryaral structur e <200 2.3xtol 9
0.26S i <200 3.3x1o1 9
-214 + 19 86 52
:ZH + 68 86 52
2.03 Cbemlca l Properti es
Q06V 2,031 Corrosi oa. The atmoaph erlc corroalo o realstal
(a) Taken from transltio o ;,urve, criterio n: m;{,
of maximu m Impact
lce of energy
T1 alloy ls approxi mately four times tbar of 8trucrur
+B carbon areds. PreUmln a.-y atudlea 1Ddlcate rbat
al (b) Taken from rranslrlt ln ~urve
the (c) > 1 Mev
corrosio n realstao ce of Tl type A steel Is ar least
two
T-1 times rbat of structur al carbon steels, (5).
2.042 Btlect of ur.:urron Irradiat ion on tenaUe propert
..-----2.032 Welgbt loss In lndllltti al, marine lliXI semi-ru ral ies,
Table 2, 04,2,
atmoaph erea for Tl areet, Table 2,032,
Fe TABLE 2 042
0.17 c TABLE 2 032
I Source_
IAIIov
6
T1 Steel
Source (5)
0.86Mn Tell! Effect of Irradiat ion on tensile tn'onen tes
AllOY Tl
Tear
1rrad Cond Pru ksl F 1Y! kai e(1 lo) -percen
AtmoS'Dhertc corrosio n nvt
Q50C r Form 4 1o x 6 1o flat Temp P Exposur e !control lrrad Control lrrad on:ol
Atmosp here lrrad
Weight toss-gra ms
0.25 Si <100 1,3x JOZl 116.0 180.0 IOO.Oa,l BO.Oa) 20.0

0.22 Mo
Industri al
Marloe
Semiru ral
s.o
2. 8
-
I I I
S velll'~ll Svearst~-~v~al7 '<v~
8.2
5.9
7.1
9.4
10.4
11.3
15.4
<200
<200
<200
1,7 X 1019 129.0
1.0 X 1020 129.0
2.3 X 1019 139.7
171.0 120,0 170.0
187.2 120.0 186,0
186.f 129.3 184.0
14.0 4.5
14.0 3.8
4.7

JS.Ob 9.0(b)
0.05V 9.6 11 4 <200 3.3 x 1019 139.7 !89.4 129.3 186.8 1S.Ob 8.6(b)

0.02 Ti a) 0.1 percent offset yield strength

2.033 Exposur e of T -1 steel ro various arreaa corrosio b) 0. 275 Inch gage leogth
n
+B media, Table 2.033.

T-ITYPE A
TABLE 2 033 3. MBCHANICAL PROPI!RTIB!:
Source 5
Allov Tl
r~or
3,01 ~lfled Mecban lcal Propert!e!!
Rxooour e tn
mNIIa 3,011 Oducer'a apeclfle d mechani cal properti es.
Tear Medium
Pickling acid, 12% H2S04 at 160P
s:'!:':.':!:!ty 3,0111 Produce r's apeclfle d tensile propenl es for bear
regular lliXI firebox quality plate and floor plate,
treated
Table
31\j NaCI solution (aerated ) No 3.0111.
3% NaCI aolutlon (aerated with cathodic protecti on ar No
300 amps per aq em
Sea war:er No
Marine atmosph ere No
Water, H2S saturate d No
Molten sulfur wlth small amounts of H S Yea
Molten sulfur with small amounts of H2S and water No
TABLE 3 0111
Sour crude oii(C<>ntainillg H~S) 2 No por
Unconta minated agrlcult ura ammoni a Yea (a)
~.J.oy T-1
Agricult ural ammoni a, coataml nated with air No T-1 , type A
rrear Tensile
Agricult ural ammoni a, contaml oated wlth air and Yea (b)
ondltlon HT
Inhibited with water orm Pia !e (c)
No (b) Plate (c) Floor
(a) Depends upon H S content IlllciClle OSin Plate
2 .187" 12,5 to 1.0 to '.187to 1~ to IU.IHIO
(b) Stress relief Ia necessa ry to prevent atreaac 2.5 4.0
orroslon cracldn g 6.0 .75 1.25 o.so
tu maxkai 135 135 135 135 135 135
min k&i us 105 105 115 us
IFry. maxkl - . . . -
115
-
min-leal 100 90 90 100 100 100
2. 034 Results ol two year exposur e tesro ol lllrlp 1o oea r:<21a), mlnper cenr 18(a) 17 16 18(a) 18 .
Flg. 2,034.
water, jRA, mloper cent SO(b) so 45 40 so .
2.04 IWclear Properti eo a) mongatl on for plates under 0.25 Inch tblck
2.041 Ia 15 percent mlolmum
Btlect ol neurroa lrradlat lm m impact properti
es, b) Reductlo a of areo for plarea :s 0. 75 loch ta 40
percent
Table 2,041. c) Regular and firebox quality

CODE 1103
PAGE
1,'
2
li'
~:

3,0112 Producer's specified teDIIUe properw..a far beat treated 3.0116 Producers' beod teat values for beat treated plate wbeu
ASMB Code Case 120410 plate, TIJ>te 3,0112, . speclffed, Table 3. 0116. Fe
150urce
TABL'~ 3 0112
m rsnu.-c-~-
TABLE 3. 0116
171 0.15 c
I ALloy T1 ll~ T- .,._,
oodltlon HT HT
Q92 Mn
~at T<msUe
orm Plate
Coodltlon HT est Al>-n.l bend test a 0.88Ni
Form !'late ASMB Code Case 120410
QiiilliV Regular Firebox ASMElb Resrular Firebox
Tblckness-ln 025to20 2.0to2 5 Orlentstlon L T T L T 0.50Cr
Fru, max-leal
mlnlcsl
135
115
135
105
11ticlcnesaln
To 1.0
c
2t
c
2t
-
2t 2t
-
2t
0.46 Mo
Ff!J' min-leal
e( In), min-percent
100 90
18
1.0to 1.25 - . - 3t
--
31
-- Q32Cu
RA. . mlnMrcent :!.1 so 1.0 to 2,S
2,5 to 4.0
3t
4t
3t
4t
3t
- 0.26Si
(a) 0. 75 Inch 8lld under is 40 percent
over 4.0 None - - - -
3.0113 Producer's specified teDIIUe properties far beat treated 0.06V
bar, Table 3, 0113. !"~ 180 d"'!l"ee bend
b ASME Code Case 120410
TABLE 3 0113
{c) Supplied to these values .when specUied +B
Source 12U51m
Allov T-1 Tl.tvne A
Teat Tensile 3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature T-1
HT
3.021 T..,.lon, see also 3.01and 3.031.
Condition
Form 3.0211 Typical t<mslle atrea&atrsln diagram for cast bar 8lld
4.0 tbru 7.0 7.0 tbru 9.5 Up to 1.5 plate, Fig. 3. 0211. Fe
~-~::.~--~ lm....... ~
Size-In
3,0212 Typlcaltenslle values for wrougbt T-1 alloy, Table 3.0212,
Ftu, maxlc81 140 135 135 140 0.17 c
minlc81 115 105 105 115
Fty' maxksl
min-ksl 100
- 95
- 90
- -
100 SOUrce
TABLE 3 0212
5
0.86Mn
e(21n), min-percent 18 16 16 18 Allov T- 0.50Cr
RJ. min -oercent 55Cal 45 45
(a) Reduction of area for flats 0. 75 and under Is 45 percent
55(a) Property
Condition
....""
H'T" Q25 Si
(b) LongitudinAl properties Ftu. typ-1:&1 122
Fry, t yplcsl 111 0.22 Mo
3.0114 Producers' specified tensUe properties for heat treated Uniform e, (21n)-perccnt 8,2
structural shapes and tubular products, Table 3. 0114. Toral e, (21n)-percent 18.5 0.05 v
TABLE:J 01H RA -percent 62
Source 5117 Strain hardenliU! exoonent 0.07 0.02Ti
Alloy T-1 T-1 tv1>e A T-1 and T-1 tvoe A
Tel!lt TensUe +B
Condition HT
Form Structural sha""liea Seamless tublna d
Thlclcneaa-ln ..::2.5 <1.25 lh\ c 3.0213 Typical t<msile values for cast bar and plate, Table 3,0213, T-1 TYPE A
Ftu, max-leal 140 140 145 140
miD leal 115 llS llS lOS
Fty' max-leal
miD leal
-
100 100
- -
100
-
90 TABLE3 0213
e(21D)miD-percent 18 .18 18 18 Source !12l
RA, min-percent 55 (a) SS(a) - . Allov T-1
a) Kelluctlon Ol area tor snapes 7~ ID aDd llDler 18 ;, percent mlnlm um Form Cast bar(l. Sxl. Ox6. 0 In) aod Plate 0. 25 In thick
(b) All wall thicknesses for rniiDII tubing Condlton Aa cast
(c) All wall thicknesses for square and rectangular lubillg Test TensUe (base metal and weld
(d) On strip specimens s 0. 25 Inch, e Ia reduced accordingly Ftul:ol p..,-lc&l lel21n :ct: RA%
3. 0115 Producers' specified Impact values far beat treated plate [Biir{imwelded)
and structural shapes, Table 3, 011S. maxtmwn 122.5 113.0 18 55
TABLE 3 0115 minimum 111.0 99.5 8 29
Av.(ll testa) 119.0 108.6 15 43
l!;nuPo 5117
Plate(unwelded)
~loy Tl T-1 tvJ>e A Tl
[(:oodltlon HT Av.(3 teats) 106.8 105.0 2.8 -
Form Plate Structural shapes Plate(welded) (a) 106.0 95.0 3.3 -
Quality Firebox ASME Firebox - .
Code (b) (a) Sj.oeclmen taken tranoverse to weld bead In welded plate
lblclcneaaln 0.187to 0;-25"to 0.187 to
2.5 2.S 1.25 .:S 1.25 ::;;2.5
Charpy lmpect, Ct-1
(a) Keyholemln
Lor T, 50F IS (c) 1S (c) IS 15 (d) IS (d)
(a) Vnotchmln
L, 10F 30 - . - 30 3.022 Compresaloa
T, !OF 20 -- . -- -- 3.0221 Typical compressive atreoastraln diagram for T-1 steel
L, -SOF IS . at room temperature, Fig. 3,0221.
a) AS"IM proc51ure 3.023 Impact, see also 3.033.
3.0231 l!ffect ol plate tblclcneiB oa Charpy V-DOlCh ltnpact
(b) AliME: Code Case 120410
(c) charpy Impact value for plates <0,5 Inch may be DOI!otlated transition temperature, Fig. 3.0231.
(d) Lcmgltudlnal only 3.0232 l!ffect ol strain and strain plus aging on Charpy l:eyllole
ductility traDaldoo tempcrattu:e, Table 3.0232.

CODE 1103
PAGE 5
 TABLE 3.0232 be accompUsb ed wltb cooventlooa l equipment. Wherever
Fe ource l:OJ possible lbese steels should be fabricated 1n tbe best
est Btfect of strain aDd strain+ a~te
r:-
,.-.ao c pecimen Cbarpy keybole (a)
treated (queacbed aDd tempered) Caadltloo.
Hct working operatloos can destroy or alter lbe m:lglnal
nov T-1 T-1 tvPe A best treated mecbanlcal Jirc>pertie~. Mecbanlcal propeztles
0.92 Mn oadltloo Ductlllty transltloo temp-F (b)
can be restored by quencblng aDd tempering. Stress
nstralned -:.<:>:. -9~
rellef may also be desirable prior to surface macb1nlng
0.88 Ni S!raln 5% -so operations to reduce residual stresses aDd maintain
0.50 Cr
S!raln 111.1\
S!raln 5% +age
-225
- -
-so 4.012
dlmenslnna l &tabUlty, (5),
Forging. Steels may be forged by asual melbeds at a
0.46 Mo
S!raln 111.1\ +age
S!raln 5% +age+
-198 - temperatur e about SOP lower tban tbat used for plain

0.32 Cu
stress relieve
S!raln 111.1\ + stress
- -100
carboo steels. A blast of compressed air or steam abould
be used oa tbe forging to prevent lbe formatloo of scale

0.26Si
relieve
a) LongitUdinal specimens
-275 - pita. Forgings over 16 Inches square cross section
abould be cooled In lime, dry ssDd or ctber medium to
prevent lnteraal rupture. AU forged pieces must be
(b) 15 ft-lb
0.06V best treated to provide adequate mecbsnlcal properties,
(5). See also 1. 094.
3.024 Beading, see Table ~.0116. 4.013 Cold forming. Steels may be readUy cold formed or angle
+B 3.025 "l'orsloo aDd sbear, beat U sufficient power aDd suitable bead radll are used.
Fsu = 75% of Fw (approx.) Suggested minimum bead radii for plates up to 1. 0
Fsy =58% of Fcy (approx.) Inch Is 2 T, aDd for plates from 1.0 Inch to 2.0 Inch
T-1 3.026 llearlng Is 3 T. For brake press forming, lbe lower die span
3.027 Stress concentratl oo abould be at least 16 times tbe plate tblclaless. Air
3.0271 Nolch properties beads are preferable to closed-die beads. Mutlple
Fe 3.0272 Fracture lnugbness bits abould be used where possible, (5).
3,028
0.17 c Combined properties 4.014 Hct forming. Hct forming can be employed wben plate
sizes are too heavy for cold forming. Farming
3.0.1 Mecbanlcal Properties at Various Temperatu res
0.86 Mn 3.031 Tensloo
temperatur e should DOt exceed 1100F aDd beating abould
preferably be dooe In a controlled furnace. If lbla
3.0311 Stress-stra in diagrams
0.50 Cr 3.0312 Typi.:al tensUe prnpertles for T-1 aDd T-1 type A steels
temperatur e Is exceeded for aevere formatloos (never
blgber tban 18001') lbe steel must be 6Uhscqucntly quenched
at various temperatur es, Fig. 3.0312.
0.25 Si 3.0313
.
Btfect of strain-rate oo tenslle properUes of T-1 at
aDd tempered to restore mecbsnlcal properties, (5).
4.015 Puncblng aDd blllllldng. Steels may be satlsfactorU y
various temperatur es, Fig. 3. 0313.
0.22 Mo 3.032 Comprellslo o
puDCbed In tblckness to 0. 5 Inch.
For circle-blank ing of plate, die clearances sbould be
3.0321 Stress-stra in diagrams
0.05V 3.033 Impact
as close as possible.
4.016 Shearing. Steels may be sbearold In tblclalesses up to
3.0331 Btfect of temperatur e oo Cbarpy Vnotcb values for T-1
0.02 Ti plate, Fig. 3. 0331.
1. 0 Inch U sufficient sbear capacity aDd blade strength
are avallable.
3.0332 l!ffect of temperatur e oo Cbarpy V-notcb values for T-1
+B
...__ _ _ _... 3.034 type A plate, Fig. 3, 0332.
4.017 Gas cutting. T-1 steels can be readUy gas cut by haDd
or macb1ne. No preheating Is necessary for sectloos
BeDding, see 3. 024. .
up to 4 Inches In tblclaless, but sectloos larger tban
3 035
T-1 TYPE A 3.036 'I'orsloo aDd sbesr
' 4 Inches 6buuld te preheated 300 to 4001' (net higber
Bearing
tbaa 4001'). Stack cutting of light plates abould be
3.037 Stress coocentratlo o
avoided. The gas cut edge wlll be bard (about 415
3.0371 Notch properties
Brinell) but wlll also be tough. The flame cut surface
3.0372 Fracture tOUE:bN.-ss
3,038 can be softened to fscllltste macb1nlng but lbe softening
Combined propcni ..s
temperatur e must not exceed 1100F, (5).
3,04 Creep aDd~ Ruptl!re Properties 4.02 Machining and IJrlldlng
3.041 General. 'ih T-1 steels r-m good strength properties 4.021 Carbide tools are recommeed ed for all machining
up to about SOOF.
operatloos allbough hlgb speed steellnols may also be
3.042 Creep rupture strength of T-1 alloy at various tem~
satisfactory . Tools abould be kept abarp aDd coaslderabl e
atures, Fig, 3,042.
coolant abould be used. In general, macb1nlng speeds
3.043 Typical C~'eep data for T-1 r..'eel, Fig. 3.043.
are reduced about 40 percent as compared to steels such
as AfiTM-A7. For drllling, two-flute drllls wllb
3.05 ~~ Included point angle of 135 degrees have been successfull y
3.051 S-N curve for T-1 aDd T-1 type A plate at room temper-
employed wltb speeds of 30-SO sfpm aDd feeds 15-25 percent
ature, Fig. ~.1!51.
3,052 less tban !bose used for mUd steel. Posltlve feed must be
S-N curve for 'I 1. plate at room temperatur e, Fig. 3. 052.
used to prevent ;Jlazing ahead ollbe drlll point.
4.022 It Is recommeed od tbat plates or olber sectloos of T-1
3.06 B!alltlc Propert'.es
steels be stress Yelleved after beat treatment to reduce
3.061 PoiSQn' a ratlo
residual llttesses aDd prevent excessive movement
3.06l Mod11lus of elasticity at room aDd elevated temperatur es,
during machining, (tl.
FJ,\1. 3.062.
3.06;!1 Campresslve ma:lulus.
4.03 Welding
30 x 1o3 ksl (approx.), (1), 4.031 Geoeral. T-1 steels can be welded satlsfactorU y by all
3.063 Modulus of rigidity
of tbe major welding processes U suitable procedures are
3.064 Typical compresslo o taqrent modulus curve for T-1
employed. Normally, lbese steels abould be welded
steel, Fig. 3. 064.
only wbeo In lbe quenched and tempered Coedltlon.
For manual metal-arc welding, lbe use of low hydrogen
4. FABRlCA'IlON
electrodes of lbe B-9015 to lbe B-12015 clasaUicatl oas
Ia recommeed ed. Electrodes must be kept dry. The
4.01 Formablllty
steels can also be automatlcal ly welded by submerged-
4.011 General. Despite lbeir blgb yield llttengths, lbe T-1
arc aDd Inert-gas-s hielded metal-arc processes. The
steels may be readily tabrlcated. Hct aDd cold forming,
"stringer bead" tecbnlque Is preferred. Using proper
she...-ing, puDCblng, flame cutting aDd macblnlng can
tecbnlques aDd clectredes, joint efficiencies of 90 aDd

CODE 1103
PAGE 4
~:.:-,. 100 percent are readlly attained, (1)(2){3)(5)(8)(9), shot blastlng or wire brusblng, Jf name descallng Is
used, the surface of the scale should never show a red
'
~:i 4,032 Reheat-treatmeot after welding by abielded m_.-arc
(covered electrodes), submerged-arc aod Inert-gas
4.052
color, even In the dart, (5),
T-1 type A usually will plclde faster aod cleaner than 0.15
Fe
c
abielded metal-arc processes, Is not necesaary.
4,033 Reheat treatment after welding by oxy-acetylene gaR aod T-1 steel.
electroslag welding Ia gl!llel'ally leequlred. These
4.053 Alloys can be painted, metal-sprayed, bot dipped or Q92Mn
teclmlques should Dot be used unless the sultablllty m electr:>lytlcally protected by employing the recommended
the l'l"OCess Is established, procedures of coating manufacturers, (2), 0.88Ni
4.034 Plash welding can be used on T-1 steels either beat
treaied or noi: heat treated. However, all such weld- 0.50 Cr
menta should be heat treated after welding.
4.035 Retention of blgh strength aod notch toughness In the 0.46Mo
beat affected zone (HAZ) depends on the rapid dissipation
of welding beat to permit formatloo mdesirable 0.32 Cu
microstructures. Thus, any practices wblcb subject
the steels to slow coi>ll:>g should be avoided, 0.26Si
4.036 Typical notch toughness data on firebox quality T-1
steel plate, Table 4. 036. 0.06V
TABLE 4 036 +B
~rce 5\110
T-1 T-1
orm Plate
QWilliV
Thickness-In
est
Firebox

Specimen Condition
Orientation of
o.s
Notch to mhncss

D-.!Ctlllty
Fracture
Apl'earance
Transition Transittnn
45

35
.........
-- --- -"\"1...... ~
\
T-1 AND T-1 TYPE A

~-1 TYPE A 0.17

0.86Mn
Fe
c

"
Specimen Temo-Fia\ Temn-Ffh\ T-1
jKinzel Notch- bend L unwelded -68 -67
T
L
unwelded
welded
-62
-42
-59
-42
'
gj25
1\, 0.50Cr
0.25 Si
~,
-so
~..:
T welded -47

NRL drop-weight
L

L
welded +(c)
stress rei.
welded (d)
-30
-80
-7:1
-
<
!I: IS
\- 0.22 Mo
0.05 v
NRL bulge-exploslo
T
-
welded (d)
welded (d)
-80
-
-
-51J(e)
AS 400 600 800 1000 1200
I 0.02Ti
!ifDiiCtUity transition temperature at middle ol band for Kinzel notch- 1400
QUENCHED
bend and total !allure at 3 percent angle for NRL drop-weight test
(b) Fracture appearance transition temperature selected at SO% shear
TEMPERIKJ TEMP - F +B
for Kinzel notch-bend and faUure across plate for NRL bulge-explo- FIG. 1.062 EFFECT OF TEMPERIKJ TEMPERATURE ON
s!on test HARDNESS (S) T-1 TYPE A
(c) Stress relieved at liOOF for I hour
(d) Hard facing electrodes
(e) Fracture-arrest transition temperature

4.037 Typical notch toughness data ou firebox quality T-1

type A steel plate, Table 4.037.

TABLE 4 037
Snurce Sll 0
llov T- Tv~ A
Form Plate
bualltv Firebox
!Thickness -In 0.5
est Notch Touahness
Specimen Condition Ductility Fracture
Orientation ol Transition Appearance T-1 AND T-1 TYPE A
Specimen Tcmp-F(a) Transition
Tcmo-Fib
Kinzel notch-bend L welded -56 -44
L welded+
stress rcl(c -40
- -12
- 35
u
I NRL d~nnwPI.,ht L
(a)(b)(c)(d) see Table 4. 036
welded ldi -60 - ..:

4. 038 Bftect ol stress ratio on fatigue ll!e ol transverse butt- ~

z 25
welded specimens, Fig. 4. 038, c..:
4.039 For comprehensive aod detslled Information 011 the
welding of T-1 steels, the user Is referred to References ;!
1, 5 and 9.

4.04 Heat Treatment 15

See 4.0ll, 4.012, 4.014 aod 4.022. 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
DISTANCE FRa.! QUENCHED END - IN
4.05 Surface Treatment
4.051 Scale and rust may be removed by acid plcldlng, grit or FIG. 1.063 END - QUENCH HARDENABILITY SAN>S (5)

CODE 1103
PAGE
FeC FERROUS ALLOYS MARCHI965

20
T1
~
0. 75 IN PLATB ~
15
../" ~

f
~ 10 1-
<

~
NORMALDC
MAGNETIZATION CURVB
5

0
0
l/
5 10 50 100 200 300
H OBRSTBDS

TIMB SI!CONDS FIG. 2.0231 NORMAL DC MAGNETIZATION CURVE FOR PLATB

(5)
T-1 FIG. 2.0121 TIMBTBMPBRATURB TRANSFORMATION DIAGRAM
(5)

Fe
0.17 c
0.8~3Mn

0.50 Cr
0.25 Si
0.22 Mo
0.05 v
o.m~ Ti
+B
T-1 TYPE A

120
Tl

10
BAR AND PLATE
AS CAST
... -;.::. ~
--
v
T1 100
16FT STRIPS
l'
0::
~
8
80
lj
>-
:5...
"'::l::; 6

TIDAL--~ 1'------
-----

lil
:.t
60
/I
/I/
Ill ZONll .J.VG OF'J
f-
< 4
~i:J~~
/J

,1
0::
z0 IMMBRSBD QNB
1--
8
r.v--
v
0:: 2
0:: SBA WATBR 20
0
u CORROSIIN ---a.Ox 1.51NBAR

0 ~ --0.251NPLATE
0 4 8 12 16 0 I t
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
DISTANCE FROM TOP OF STRIP FT
STRAII\.'-IN PER IN
FIG. 2.034 RBSULTS OF TWO YBAR BXPOSURB
TBSTS OF STRIP IN SBA WATBR FIG. 3.0211 TYPICAL TENSILE STRBSSSTRAIN DIAGRAMS
(5) FOR CAST BAR AND PLATE (12)

CODE 1103
PAGE 6
MARCHI965 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe(;

T-1 A!ID T-1 TYPE A

140
Fe
(,--- ~ -
Tl
I
015 c
120 0.92 Mn

100 I 0.88Ni
0.50 Cr

I Q46Mo
0.32 Cu

v
80

0.26Si
60 0.06V

I T-1
+B

20
I 0.17
Fe
c
1/
Fey 127 KSI
Be 30.2 x 1oJ KSI
I I 0.86Mn
2 4 6 8 0.50 Cr
STRAIN - PBRCBm'
TYPICAL COMPRBSSIVB STRESS
0.25 Si
FIG. 3.0221
STRAIN DIAGRAM FOR T-1 STBBL
022 Mo
AT Road TI!MPBRATURB (1) OL---~----~----~--~----~--~
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
0.05V
Tl!MP- F
FIG. 3.0312 TYPICAL TBNSILB PROPERTIES FOR T-1 AliD T-1 0.02 Ti
TYPB A STBBL AT VARIOUS TI!MPBRATURBS (3X5)
+B
T-1 TYPE A

140 160

~
0 T1STBBL
T1 HT
LONLY
~ 140
120
-so

--
li!
lil
Fru
_.........._ )<
)<
100
__. >--:: 120 '

.t
i:!
"'
80 100
150 .:. -5 F FTY
oe SOP
o6ooP
80
60
10"5 10" 4 10"3 10"
2 -
10 I
STRAIN RATB- IN PBR IN PBR SEC
PLATE THICKNESS IN
FIG. 3.0.113 BFFBCT OF STRAIN RATE ON TBNSILB
FIG. 3.0231 BFFBCT OF PLATE THICKNESS ON CHARPY PROPBR1111.S OF Tl AT VARIOUS TBM-
V-NOTCH IMPACT TRANSITION TI!MPBRATIJRB PBRATIJRBS (5)
(5)

CODE 1103
PAGE T
 re\J
FER.ROUS ALLO YS MARCHI965

60

0.15 c
Fe
L
40
092 Mn
088N i
20
Q50C r 60
~
Q46M o ...E!.
0.32 Cu 40

Q26S i
0.06V 20
L T
+B e " 0.63 IN} PLATE
0 .C. 2.0 IN
0
T-1 -80 -40 0 40 80 800 900 1000 1100
TEMP .P
TEMP- F
Fe PIG. 3.0331 BPPBCT OF TBMPI!RA1URE ON
FIG. 3.042 CRI!I!PR UPruRB STRRN:;TH OF
CHARPY V-NOTCH VALUHS FOR
0.17 c T-1 PLAT!! (5)
T-1 SI'I!BL AT VARIOUS TI!MPRRA1URES

(5)
0.86M n
0.50C r 100
T-1

~
025 Si
022 Mo 80

0.05V \
0.02 Ti
+B
T-1 TYPE A
60

"\
20
STIII!SS FOR 1%
CREEP IN 10,000 HR
\\
0
700
I
800
I ~
900 1000
TI!MP- F
PIG. 3.043 TYPICAL CRBBP DATA FOR T-1
SI'EI!L (3)

100
TI-1 Atl) T-1 TYPE A
1.75 IN PLATE
Pro 116. 2 KSI
80

OL-- --1-- --1-- --'--- --'

-80 -.0 0
CHARPY V NOTCH

.a 80
60
~l

(FOLISHBO SPECIMEN)
(0, 25 IN RBOUCRD DlA)
-
ROTATIK l - BEAM TE5I'S

.a
TRMP- P 1:as Ill" 107 10 8
PIG. 3.0332 BPFBCT OP TI!MPRRA1URE ON ~BRR OF CYCLES
CHARPY VNOTCH VALUES FOR
T-1 TYPI! A PLATE PIG. 3.051 5-N CURVES FOR T-1 Atl) T-1 TYPE A PLATE
(5)
AT ROCfd TBMPI!RA1URE (5)

CODE 1103
PAGE 8
l'
 80 T1 Fe
T-1

1\_
0.5 INPLATB
0.5 INPLATB
HR SURFACB TRANSVBRSB
BUTTWBLDBD JOINTS
Ql5 c
HT
60 Q92Mn

~
RT
=
cS
0.88Ni
~ u.so Q50Cr
0.46Mo
~
PULSATIN:> TBiiON FATIGUB
~ 0.75
Q32Cu
1o5 to6 10 20 so 100 200 500 1000 2COO 0.26Si
NUMBBR OF CYCLBS
N!NBBR OF CYCLBS 0.06V
FIG. 3.052 SN CURVBS FOR T-1 PLATH AT Roet./1
FIG. 4.038 BFFBCT OF STRBSS RATIO ON FATIGUB LIFB OP
TBMPBRATURB (5) TRANSVBRSB BUTTWBLDBD SPBCIMBNS (5) +B
T-1
32
T1
Fe
28
"~ 0.17
0.86Mn
c
~
24 ~ 0.50Cr
"\ 025 Si
Iii
=-:
~ 20
B
1\ 0.22 Mo
Q05V

16
\' 0.02Ti
+B
.,
''i'
....,., 12
0 200 600 800 1000 1200
RBPBRBNCBS

United lbllos Slee1 Corp.' "USS T-1 Stu!, A Provi.!JI Bn T-I

giDeerlng Msrerlal", (1959)
TYPE A
2 Alloy Dlgest,''USS T-1 "I)pe A", Filing Code: SA-1~7.
TBMP F
Steel Alloy, (November 1963)
FIG. 3.062 MODULUS OP BLASTICITY AT R<XN AI'D BLBVATBD 3 Bemlett, B. V., "Super-Strength Strucwral Sleel", pre
TBMPBRATURBS (5) pared for the Cl1mmt Molybdeuum Co.
United Sbdes Slee1 Corp., ''New Sleels, New Shapes,
New Coacepts". (1961)
5 United lbllos Sleel Corp., "USS T-1 Sleel;' (revllllon ol
ref. 1), ID be Puhllsbed
160 6 l'orber, L. P., "Radiation BffectB In Steel", ASTM Spec
T-1 lal TeciUilcal l'llbllc:atioD No. 276, Materlale In Nuclear
Appllcadoos, (JuDe 1960)

--
7 Uoitecllbllos Slee1 Corp., "Avallabilldes Guide, Quall
120
1--. lies, Forms, Sizes and Properties, USS Tl and T-1
"I)pe A Sleels", (May 1963)
8 Alloy Digest, "Cartlloy T1", PlliDg Code: SA-25, Steel
Alloy, (January 1955)
9 Uoitecllbllos Slee1 Corp., "Haw 1D Weld T-1 and T1
"I)pe A Steels", l'llhlicatloo No. ADUCO 01006, (l.al:est
revision)
10 Fuzak, P. P. and PelllDl, W. S., "Bvaluatlon of the Slgolfl
c:aoce ol OJarpy TeBtB for Quench and Tempered Steels",
The Weldlng Joumal Vol. 35(6), Research Suppl. 275-S
CCMPRBSSION ID 2905, (1956)
TAN:>BNT MODULUS 11 DalaL N., Keales, T. L. and Balley, R. B., "Reac111r
I I PreAUrC Vessel Design for Nuclear Reactloas", Sympo
0 Blum on Radlatloo Bffects on Materlals, Vol. 3, ASTM
0 8 16 24 32
STP No. 233, (1958)
1000 KSI 12 McDoanell A1rcraft Corp. , "McchiDlcal Properties and
Weldahlllty of Cast'T-1 Sleel", from First Quarterly
PIG. 3.064 TYPICAL CCMPRBSSION TAN:>BNT
ProgreBB Report oo Uopuhllllbed Materlala Research and
MODULUS CURVB FOR T1 STBBL DevelopMDt Prognms, Rep. No. 8743, Vol, IV, Ser.
(I)
1, (AprU 1962)

CODE 1103
~.,.
PAGE 9
.. ).~
"'I.'.P
 FeUH
MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GBNBRAL 1.053 Critical temperatures (appraxlmate, depeDdlng on

Thla beat-treatable chromlum-moly bdenwn alloy baa
good teaane atreDgth &Dd realataDCe to fatigue aDd
beattnc aDd cocllal ratea), (i1)(U).
A 1380F
Fe
lm~ct up to 700 F. Due to Ita relatively blab atreagth A~1 1250 F 0.3 c
Ia the normalized coodltlon, It Ia frequemly used Ia Ar 1 1475 F
thla coodttlon for applications requlrlag blgber tenane A:1350F 0.95Cr
atreagth than can be obtained fl:om the low carbon
steels. 1f bardenlqr Ia required, consideration must 1.06 Hardness 0.2 Mo
be given to thlclcneaa of section. alace tbe bardenabnt 1.061 ~bar size on surface hardness of quenched aDd'-----~
ty cbaracterlatlca of tbe alloy are low. Care must tempered,apec lm..,., Flg. 1.061.
also be taken In applytnc tbe alloy at very low 1.062 BDd-quencb bardenabntty, Flg. 1. 062. 4130
temperatUres (320 F) becauae of poor lm~ct resis- 1.063 mfect d. tempering temperature on hardness d.
tance at such temperatures. 1f corrosion realataDCe quencbed aDd tempered rod. Flg. 1.063.
Ia required, a protective coating or plattnc must be 1.064 Bffect or temperlag temperature 00 bardnesl or
applied. Macblntnc cbaracterlatlca of tbe alloy, aDd calltlag, Ftg.: 1. 064.
formabUity Ia sheet form are good. It Ia readlly fusion 1.065 mrect d. temperlag temperature 011 hardness d. tubtag,
welded, but realat&DCe weldlag !a not recommeDded. Flg. 1.065.

1.01 Commercial Oeallp!atlon. 4130. 1.07 Forma aDd Coodltlona AvaUable

Billets, bars, rods, forgtaga, sheets, plates, strip.
1.02 Alternate Oea!BnatiODB. AISI4130, SAB 4130. tublag aDd caattaga.
4130 H IDdlcalea that tbe steel Ia supplied to harden-
ability specifications rather tban to chemistry apec- 1.08. Meltigg aDd Castl!!!! Practice
lflcaUoaa. Open beartb or electric furnace air melt. IDducUon
aDd cODSumable electrode vacuum melts.
1.03 Specifications. Table 1. 03.
1.09 Special Considerations
Because of low bardenabUity section lhlclcneaa must be
coaaldered when beat treatlag 10 hlah atreagtb. It Ia
Sbeel, strip Dot subject to temper-embrltt lemeDI aDd reapoDda to
IL-S-18729
Seamless tubing ILT-6736, Cond. N DltrkliD&, (i1).
Seamless tubing !IL-T-6736, Cond. HT-125
Seamless tubing IL-T-6736, Cond. HT-15 2. PHYSICAL AM> QfBMlCAL PROPBRTIBS
Bars, forgings and forging
stock 2.01 'Thermal Properties
Heavy wall tubing 2.011 Mel tiDe raQge.2795 F, (24).
2.012 Pbaae chaQgea, See 1.053.
1.04 Composition. Table 1. O.f. 2.0121 Ttme-temperatu re-tr&D8forma llon diagrams
2.01211 Tlmetemjlerar ure-traaaforma llon diagram for alloy
auatenltlzed at 1550.1;:, Flg. 2.01211.
2.013 Thermal coDductivlty, Flg. 2. 013.

......,.
Mlov
AM5
TABLB 1.04
IAllov
P .. -t0.3C: t-o.
11
.211Mn
2.014
2.015
2.016
Thermal expaaaloa, Flg. 2. 014.
Specific beat, Flg. 2. 015.
Thermal dlffualvlty
IP.,rm Wr..mtr C. or
l'l!rc- Percent 2. 02 Other l'byalcal Propertle!

Carbon
Mia
0.28"
Max
0.33
Mia
0.28
~ ..
0.33
2. 021
2.022
Density 0. 283 lb per cu ID, 7. 83 JIT per cu em, (11),
Blectrlcal realatlvlty, Flg. 2.1)22.
2. 023 Magnetic properties. Steel Ia ferromagnetic.
Manganese 0.40 0.60 0.60 1.00 2. 024 l!mlaalvlty
SUicon 0.29 0.35 0.60 2. 025 Damplag ca~clty
l'boapborua 0.040 o.os
Sulfur 0.010 o.os 2. 03 Chemical Properties. See 4340
Cbrcmlum 0.80 1.10 0.75 1.10
Molybdenum 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.30 2. 04 Nuclear Propert.le
Iron Balance Balance
AMS 6361 aDd 6362 give 0. 27. 3. MIICHANICAL PROPBRTIBS

3. 01 Specified Mecbaalcal Prceerttea

1.05 Heat Treatm- 3.01.1 AMS specified mecbaalcal properties, Table 3.011.
1.051 Castlala, (12).
1.0511 Normalize. 1900 F, 1 hour, air cool.
1.0512 AusteDitlze.1600 101650 F, 1 bour,on quench.
1.0513 Temper. 800 to 1350 F.
1.052 Wrought, (11).
.1.0521 Normallze.1600 to 1700 F, air cool
1.0522 Amlea1.1525 to 1575 F, furnace cool.
1.0523 Austenltlze.1550 to 1600 F, water quench or 1575 to
1625 F, on queacb.
1.0524 Temper. 400 to 1200 F depeDdlnl on deaired atr~
level:
F 100 to 160 1:&1. temper 800 to 900 F, 4 hours;
Ftu 150 to 170 1:&1. temper 850 to 950 F, 4 hours;
Ftu 125 to 14SI:at. temper 1050 to 1150 F, 4
tuboura, (8).
1.0525 Spberoldlzeo1400 to 1425 F, 6 to 12 bour., furnace
cool.

CODE 1201
PAGE
 FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1963

TABLI! 3 011
Fe Sour"" AMSL4l I AMS(3) I AMSl2l
llov Fe- O. 3C -0. 95Cr-O. 20Co
0.3 c Form
Cnndlrtnn
Seamless tub!AA
Heat treated
0.95Cr Size- In 0.188 Maximum 00<0.500 00<0.500 ~0.500 o~.soo
Wall thickness Walls0.188 Wa11~.188 Walls0.188 Wall>0.188
0.2 Mo ~'tv mln-ksl 150 125 95 90 95
Pfl' mlnksl
e( In) -percent
135 100 75 70 75
90
70
4130 a) Full tube 10 12 10 10 12 15
b) Strip
Grain size,
6 7 - - 7 10
ASTM No min 5 5 s s s s
A heat of steel or grain size predominantly 5 or less, with grains as large as 3 Is permissible.
3. 032 Compression
3.012 Grain size speclllcaUons on bars, forgings arr:l forging 3.0321 Stress strain diagrams
stock (5), on heavy wall tubing for machining (6), arr:l 3. 03211 Stress strain curves for sheet at roum arr:l elevated
on sheet, strip and plate (1) same as on footnote, temperatures In compression, Pig. 3. 03211.
Table 3. 011. 3.0322 I!Cfect or room arr:l elevated temperatures on yield
3.013 Typical room temperature prc.::'Crties of wrought and strength or sheet In compression, Pig. 3. 0322.
cast alloy, Table 3. 013. 3.033 Impact
3.0331 I!CCect of la.v arr:l elevated temperatures on Charpy V
TARLI'! ~- 013
[:Source Impact properties at various streagth levels, Pig.
(11
Alloy Fe- o. 3C)O. 95Cr-o. 20Mo 3.0331.
3.034 Berr:llng
Form Wrought, rod Cast 3.035 Torsion and sbear
Corr:lltlon HR CD 3.0351 .Effect of room aDd e:evated temperatures on shear
Norm 16501' strength of normalized and heat treated alloy, Pig.
+16001', WQ 3.0351.
AR Norm Ann Unann Ann 11SOF, AC 3.036 Bearing
Ftu ksl 116 108 88 122 98 137 3.036! I!Cfect or room and elevated temperatures on bearing
""?' ksl
e( In) percent
70
22
65
27 30
60 105 82 109
3.037
strength or sbeet, Fig. 3. 0361.
Stress concentration
16 20 13.5
RA- percent 53 57 65 45 53 3!.2 3.0371 Notch properties
Hardness, BHN 229
Surface
207 179 248 201 - 3.03711 I!Cfect of la.v arr:l elevated temperatures on net frac-
ture stress and percent shear area on fracture surface
or shear cracked sheet specimens heat treated to 200
Ftu kal at room temperature, Fig. 3.03711.
3.03712 Comparison between two methods or determining frac-
3.02 Mechanical Prope rtles at Room Temperature tm., stress arr:l fracture appearance, Fig. 3. 03712.
3.021 Tension 3.03713 I!Cfea or la.v arr:l elevated temperatures on tensile
3.0211 Stress strain diagrams propenles or smOoth specimens arr:l on net fracture
3.0212 I!Cfect or tempering terr.perature on tensile properties stress and percent shear area on fracture surface for
or casting, Pig. 3. 0712. shear _cracked heet specimens heat treated to 240
3.0213 I!Cfect or temperlnj; temperature on tensile propertl:s
~u lr.sl at room temperature, Fig. 3. 03713.
or bar, Fig. 3.0213.
3.03714 lllrect of la.v -and elevated temperatures arr:l load
3.0214 I!Cfect ol size or quenched bar on tensile properties
rate on net fracture stress and fracture ~tppearance
of specimens cut from Inside of bar, Fig. 3. 0214.
3.022 on fatigue cracked sheet specimens heat treated to
Compression
3.023 250 Ftu ksl at room temperature, Fig. 3.03714.
Impact 3.0372 Fracture toughness
3.0231 I!Cfect or tempering temperature on room temperature
3.038 Combined properties
Impact properties of extruded bar, Pig. 3.0231.
3.039 Other static properties
3.024 Berr:llng
3.025 Torsion arr:l shear
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
3.026 Bearing
3.041 Creep rupture curves front 700 to 1100 1', Fig. 3,041.
3.027 Stress concentration
3.0271 Notch properties, see section 3, 0326.
3.05 Fatigue Properties
3.028 Combined properties
3.051 SN curve at room temperature In rotating bending,
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures Fig. 3.051.
3.031
3.052 I!C!ect or weld configuration arr:l surface grinding on
Tension
3.0311 fatigue lite at sheet In axial loading at room tempera
Stress strain diagrams
ture, Fig. 3. 052.
3.03111 Stress strain curves for sheet at room and elevated
temperatures in tension, Fig. 3.03111. 3.06 l!lutlc Properties
3.0312 I!Cfect or la.v arr:l elevated temperatures on tensile 3.061 Poisson's ratio 0. 23, (18), 0. 288, (24).
properties of normalized arr:l heat treated bar, 3.062 Modulus or elasticity
Pig. 3.0312. 3.0621 I!Clect al room and elevated temperature on elastic
3.0313 I!Cfect of room arr:l elevated temperatures on tensile modulus In tenalon and compreaslon aa determined
properties of sheet, Pig. 3. 0313. from ""Iitle stress stnln curves, Fig. 3. 0621.
3.0314 I!Cfect or room and elevated temperatures, strain 3.063 Modulua al rigidity
rate arr:l holding time on tenaUe properties of normal- 3.064 l!lrect of streas and teU-.penture on tangent modulua In
Ized sheet, Fig. 3, 0314. compreaalon, Fig. 3. 064.
3.0315 I!Cfect or room arr:l elevated temperatures, strain rate
krr:l holdlllg time on tensile properties or heat treated 4. FABRICATION
sheet, Pig. 3. 0315.
3.0316 I!Cfect of teat temperature arr:l strain rate on tensile 4.01 Formability
properties or high strength sheet In range exhibiting 4.011 General
strain aging, Fig. 3. 0316.

CODE 1201
PAGE 2
 FeUH
MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

4.012 Forging. StartlnJ temperature 2300 F maximum,

flnlshl"'l temperature 1650 F mlnlmwn, (9). Recom
meDdoo forging temperature range 2000 to 2200 F,
Fe
alr or slow cOCil alter fot"glng with finishing tempera-
tute preferably above 1800 F, (11).
0.3 c
4.02
4.021
Machlol!!g and Grinding
General. Cold drawn material has machinability
~ ro~~~~~----~~~--~----~--~
a:
0.95Cr
0.2 Mo
ratlf;g of 60 percent of IllS! 81112 Bessemer screw ;!
st<clc. U annealed prior to cold drawing the machlo .J
ablllty can be advanced 10 percent for most machining
operations, (11). a 20~-----r------~~~-r----_,--~ 4130
"'~ 0
:.:
4.03 Welding 16 24 32
4,031 General. The alloy Is readily welded by either oxy DISTANCE FROM QUENCHED BND- SIXTBBNI'H IJICH
acetylene or electric arc process. For oxyacetylene
welding, a soft' neutral ilame Is used, with a welding FIG. 1. 062 E:NJJ.QUBNCH HIIRDEN.AB!LITY (29, p. 211 )
rod of same composltlon. Par arc welding d c-equlp
ment with shielded t~rc carbon-molybdenum electrodes
or other recommended electrodes are used, (11).
Both .A-613 and Oxweld 71 filler wires show good
compatibility with thl steel when heated to Ptu
between 150 to 200 ksl, although ductility Is Detter
Cor the .A-613 filler when measured In tensile s~lmens 500~----T-----~----~-----r~
colllalnlng a welded cross-section or In tensile specl- Fe-(0, 3C)O, 95Cr-o. 20Mo
me~t~~ D)&Chlned entirely from the welded region, (16), !INDIA BAR
Hellarc filler wires MW am ll-515 and electrode
AW-4 .ore satisfactory fur welding material at all
strength levels between Ptu 125 to 200 leal . They also
have the ben haodllng characteristics , (!3). Brazing
Type J04.stalnless steel to 4130 steel with Oxweld 26
braze alloy produces metallurgically sound joints. which
do not appeor to be excessively susceptible to corro
slon: (19). The alloy can be satisfactorily vacuum
metallized with aluminum coatings of thickness at least
up to 0.0003 loch, (20).

4.04 Heat Treatment

4.05 Surface Treatment

FIG. 1.063 BFFBc:I' OF TEMPERII'K: TEMPERATURE ON

HARDNESS OF QUENCHED AND TEMPERED
ROD (ll)

"'.J Fe(0.3C)O. 95C'rO. 20Mo

~ 320
BAR, FORGII'K:
'1550 F, OQ, +TEMPER 1000 f
z
:l:
"'
~ 280
\
0
a:
<
:: 240
"'~
\ \
s 200
~ ~
"' 0 1 2 3
DIAMETER OF QUENCHED BAR IN BOO IOOl 1:100 1400
TBMPI!RJJ~X; TEMP F
FIG. 1.061 EFFECT OF BAR SIZE ON SURF/ICE
HARDNESS OF QUEJICI1BD AND FIG. I. OM EFFBc:I' OF TI!MPI!RI!IC TEMPER/\
TEM.t'I!RED SPECIMENS
TURE ON HARDNESS OF CIIST1t-K:
(II, 'Ill!.. 5) (12)

CODE 1201
PAGE 3
 ~'W't I

FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1963

Fe(O. 3C)-D. 9SCrO. 20Mo 30 ~-----.----.---,.....---,

Fe TUBIN:l AS QUEN::HED Fe-(0. 3C)-D. 95~r-O. 20Mo
0.3 c Ill
..:1
<
+TEMPER,! HR.

0.95Cr
0.2 Mo
ll
"'
l) .. L )<25m
"'~ I
Q 1
4130
"'
<
;.:
40
l RC ~ .
..:1
iil
"'8
:00: 20

"'
0
0 200 .f()J 600 800 1000 1200
FIG. 2. 013 THBRMAL CONDUCTIVITY (2')
TEMPERIN3 TEMP F

FIG. I. 055 EFFECT OF TEMPBRIN3 TEMPERATURE ON HARDNESS OF

TUBIN:l (21)

1600 ~-------------r----------------r-----~F-e~~o~.~3~-o~.~95C~r~
-o~.~20C~o-,
A AUSTENITlZED AT 1550F

. "'"
Fe-(0. 3C)O. 95CrO. 20Mo
"' r--
~ 1000
....

v --- - \_, v"'"\

7 LINEAR MEAN COEP

THERMAL EXPANSION

400 ~1------------~1~0~--------~1~
------------~r-----~~~_J

FRQd RT TO T i P
TIMB SECONJS INDICATED1
2
FIG. 2. 01211 TIMETBMPBRATURBTRANSFORMATION DIAGRAM FOR 400 0 400 800 1200 1600
ALLOY AUSTENlTlZED AT 1550 F (30, p. 101) TEMP P

Calculated Temperature. PIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION (24)

CODE 1201
PAGE 4
 FeUH
MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

0.40 240
Pe-(0. 3C)-D. 95Cr-o. 20Mo Fe
0.3 c
0.35 240 200 0.95Cr
0.2 Mo
ii:" 0.30 ~ 200 16(1 ~
' ~4130
~ [.
E 0.25 160 120
"'
SPECIPtC HI!AT

0.20 80
~

/ \ ~40~--4---~--~~~
_....v
0.15
u
re
0.10
0 fOO 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 800 141>)
TEMP- F TEMPERIN:l TEMP P

PIG. 2.015 SPECIFIC HI!AT (24) J>IG, 3.0212 EFFECT OF TEMPBRIN:l TEMPERA
TURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
CASTIN:l (1~

~ C)-0. 95Cr-O. 20Mo

',., ... IN R!oR
240
QUENCHED
+TEMPER

.160 ~

40
Pe-(0.3 )-0. 95CrO. 20Mo

~ECTRICAL
v
RESISTIVITY
10 /
[7 0 o~-----40~o~--~so~J~~-~2~00----I-J400
0 400 BOO 1200 TEMPERIN:l TEMP P
TEMP- F
PIG. 3.0213 EFFECT OF TEMPnt!I.C TEMPERA
FIG . 2.022 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVrrY TURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
(24) BAR (II)

CODE 1201
PAGE !5
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1963

Fe Pe-(0.3C) -0.95Cr0 .20 Me Fe(O. C)O. 95CrO. 20Mo

160 1550 F, 0Q O.OM IN SHEET
0.3 c +TEMP R 1000 F HT TO 125 KSI PTU AT RT

0.95Cr
iil 120
~ FTU RT

I~ r--
.0.2 Mo :.:
80 I--+~4~00~F-1--......:j
4130 80 EXPOSURE
1/2 TO 10 HR
120
0.505INTE NSILE SPECIMENS CUT
PROM CENI'ER (I INDIA) OR AT
MIDRADIUS (2 AND 3 IN DIA)
80
!a1>1 RA
t)
0:
1>1
"' 40
e 2 IN)

0
J I 2 3 4
DIAMETER OF QUENCHED BAR IN 0.004. 0.008 0.012
STRAIN IN PER IN
FIG. 3. 0214 EFFECT OF SIZE OP QUENCHED BAR ON FIG. 3.03111 STRESS STRAIN CURVES FOR
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SPECIMENS CUT SHEET AT ROOM AND ELEVATED
FROM INSIDE OF BAR (11) TEMPERATURES IN TENSION
(25, FIG. 43, 49, 57)

200r-----r---~~--~----~--
--~
Fe(O. 3C)-O. 95CrO. 2lMo
B.~R

iil
:.:
so t---"1:-<;~-+-.......;~~~--~----1
120
Fe(O. 3C)-O. 95CrO. 20Mo
11NBAR

80
15501600 F, WQ+TEMPER
/
IECHAR PYV/
v
t: 40

___./
v !220 r----+~~~~--~~~~~
1>1
t)
~
0:
1>1
400 600 80)
TEMPERIJIXI TEMP F
1000 121>)
"' 0 ~---~----~
40J 0 ----~-----~----~
'OJ BOO 1200 1600
TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 0231 EFFECT OF TEMPERIJIXI TEMPERATURE ON
ROOM TEMPERATURE IMPACT PROPBRTIBS FIG. 3. 0312 EFFECT OF LOW AND !!.LEVATED TEMPERA
OF EXTRUDED BAR (11, TBL. 3) TURES ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
IZED AND HEAT TREATED BAR (24) (25)

CODE 1201
PAGE 6
 t-eUH
MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
... ...
~

:/1
~
r-----~----~----------~----~----~200
Fe(O. 3C)-O. 95CrO. 20Mo
Fe
0.3 c
0.95Cr
0.2 Mo
2)0
4130

- 160 --1-~..--"H------1 80 -
"'
:.: "'
:.:

>- ::J
l-'
~120 l-__:~.::r40 11.

80 0

40
.125 INS EET
HT TO 170 KSI FTU AT RT
oe O.OM IN SHEET
HTTO 125 KSI F T RT
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMP- F

FIG. 3.0313 EFFECT OF ROOM AND I!LI!VATI!DTI!MPERA-

TURES ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET
(25)

120

80

~w~~~~~--4-----~-----+----~~~~

J 401-----+-----4-----~~~--~---__:~~~~

~40
Ill
u
"'
0 lo~::;2too;::::4!oo~==:;~~~l==::~8!oo;=::~,o~o~J====~,2oo
Ill
....

TEMP- F

FIG. 3. 0314 EFFECT OF ROOM AND ELI!V ATI!D TEMPERA

TURES, STRAIN RATE AND HOLOJN:; TIME ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF NORMALIZED SHEET
(28)

CODE 1201
PAGE 7
FeUH

FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1963

\ ....)
Fe
0.3 c
0.95Cr
0.2 Mo
80
4130

HOLOIN3 TIME, SBC 0

A0010
..... 1800
STRAIN RATE, IN/IN/SBC -1---+---4-~~....1
A A 0.00005
0 0.01
01.0

200 fOO 600 800

TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0315 BPPBCr OF ROCd AND ELEVATED TI!MPBRA-
TURBS. STRAIN RATE AND HOLD!~ TIMB ON
TENSILE PROPERTIBS OP HEAT TREATED SHEET
(28)

....... ,.:

0 200 .fOO 500

TEMP - P

PIG. 3.0316 BPPBCr OP TB5I' TEMPERATURE AND STRAIN

RATE ON TBNSILB PROPBRTIBS OP HIGH
STRE~H SHEET IN RA~E EXHIBIT!~
STRAIN AGOO (23)

CODE 1201
PAGE 8
 FeUH
MARCHI963 FERROUS ALLOYS

--- -
Fe-(0. 3C)-O. 95Cr-O. 2~Mo
0.064 IN SHI!lrr
120
Fe-(0.3C) -o, 95Cr-o. 20Mo Fe
;!!.i!.OR~2S ICSI RT FTU
100 -Lin ' 160 TO 180 ICSI FT .ATRT 0.3 c
;d:,40.: F
;,;::R 80 --....... 0.95Cr
80
'..,~Oi F
z_ 80[ F i2 ~~~L~;,- --- ~ 0.2 Mo

' / /2 TOtO iiR 40

Fsu
~ 4130

40
v UK~'

I/2HR 0
0 200 400 600
TEMP- F
800 1000
'"""-

1200

FIG. 3,0351 EFFI!CT OF ROCM AND I!LI!VAT0 TEMPBRATURES

ON SHI!AR STRI!~TH OF NORMALIZED AND HI!AT
20
TRI!ATBD ALLOY (24) (25)

0
I COMPaBf lON (T)

0 o. 004
o. 008 o. 012
STRAIN - IN PI!R IN
FIG. 3, 03211 STRI!SS STRAIN CURVI!S FOR SHI!lrr
AT ROCM AND I!LI!VATBD TI!MPI!RA-
TURI!S IN Ca.!PRI!SSION
(25, FIG. 54-58)
120
Fe(O. 3C)O. 95Cr-O. 20Mo
~

;
80-
---- -~
0. 064 IN SHI!Irr

-
HT TO 2S ICSI P :.J AT RT
1

~~
~- 40 ....
''"'"'
FTY '
0 0
200 4QoJ 500 800 1000 1200
TEMPF
PIG. 3,0322 EFFI!CT OF ROCM AND I!LI!VATBDTI!MPI!RA
TURI!S ON YIELD STRBN:lTH OF SHI!Irr IN
Ca.!PRI!SSION (25, FIG. 40)

Pe-(0. 3C)O, 95Cr-o. 20Mo

40
/'
3(1
II!CHARP YV
~ -- 200

.. Fe-(0, 3C)-o, 95Cr-o. 2ilMo

0. 064 IN SHI!Irr

I~~ / HT TO 12.; ICSI PTU AT RT

160

- ---- ~ I'..
~ 2il
'I
A.

I .,i/, 12~ :---

t: I'
~
~~
PBRY
10
~-1.5
HT TO Fro AT RT
' j. - - 150 - 160 KSI 80
~,

~
- - - 100 - 120 KSI
0 - - -:83 - 95 K"Si
-400 -2oa o 200 400
TI!MP- F 40 0 200 400 600 800 10110 1200
FIG. 3.0331 I!FFI!CT OF LOW AND I!LI!VATI!O TBM TEMP- F
PI!RATURI!S ON CHARPY V IMPACT PRO- FIG. 3.0361 BFFI!CT OF ROCM AND I!LI!VATBDTBMPBRATURB
PI!RTII!S AT VARIOUS STR~H LI!VI!LS
ON BI!AROO STR~TH OF SHI!BT
(24, FIG. 77)
(25, FIG. 42, 44)

CODE i201
f'AGE
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1963

2~r-----~----~------r------r-----,
Fe Fe-(0. 3C)-O. 95Cr-O. 2uMo
0.100 IN SHEI!T
0.3 c 11, 68 MIN, 0Q + 825 F,1 HR
1700

0.95Cr 200~~~~~~~t:---r---1
0.2 Mo lC

L------J ill~ 160 t--,-fU~i----.ljlo.I~--'G::----'i----t

4130 ffi Q
u I NET FRACTURE STRESS
~ 1~ ~f--,_---+---~--,_---i
o I PRACTUr APPs:rNCE - i_SHEAR
~ I -- - --~
~ 80 !-"'~'--I--t---STANDARD SPECIMENS, STRAIN
I RATE 0001 IN/SEC
I ---SHEAR CRACKED SPECIMEN;,
I CROSSHP.AO RATE .01 IN/MIN
iO
~ r=a !12---il 'T
0
I
I
oi!l
SHEAR C ACKED S ECIME
3p-b:
-2uo 0

PIG. 3.03711 EFFECT OF LOW AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES

ON Nl!T FRACTURE STRESS AND PERCEI'IT SHEAR
AREA ON FRACTURE SURFACE OF SHEAR CRACKED
SHEET SPECIMENS HEAT TREATED TO 200 FTU KSI
AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
(22, FIG. II, TBL. 14, IS)
Fc-(0. 3C)-O. 95Cr-O. 20Mo
0. 040 IN SHEI!T
1~70 F. 30 MIN (ARGON), 0Q
28 ot--+---t----~-----+-~+_4~0~0~P~~2~H~R~_4
.....

J Fc-(0.3C)-0.95Cr -0.20 Mo
0.100 IN SHEET
~
<e200~~~--+~~~=a~~~-~+---4-~
170r F,6S Ml~ OQ, +825 F,l HR :c
2JO "'
;; NET FJACTURE lrrRESS ~ lbO t---+---~i----+-~~~--~~~~+--4

~
~
lC

lC
160 ~'-... ...
~~

~ ~ t---t-----+---~----t----+----~-4
........... ~ '(/'
:c
"'
Ill
f "l:f''
;;;
:..:
120

u 120
lC
...
N

~
< 80 ~
, F~CTURE APi'EARANCE-% S!iEAR 80
tl. .STAND~ RD SPECIMENS, STRAIN RATE
0.0001/SBC
SHEAR CRACKED SPECIMENS, CROSSHEAD RATE
iil fO 0.01 IN/MIN 1----3 V~
:..:

fO
I o.@ _yiTr2
0 L--4---~-----~-S_H~EA~R~C~R~A~C~K~ED~S~PEC~IM~E~N~~
0 0 FATIGUE CRACKED SPECIMENS
-200 0 200 400 6()) 800
IJ SHiR CRACiED SPECLENS
TEMP- F
a
-200 0 2()) 40U 600 SOJ FIG. 3.03713 EFFECT OF LOW AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
TEMP- F ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SMOOfH SPECIMENS,
AND ON NET FRACTURE STRESS AND PERCEI'IT
FIG. 3. 03712 COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO MBTHOOS OF SHEAR AREA ON FRACTURE SURFACE FOR SHEAR-
DllTERMINING FRACTURE STRESS AND CRACKED SHEET SP2CIMENS HEAT TREATED TO
FRACTURE APPEARANCE. 240 FTU KSIAT ROOM TEMPERATURE
(22, FIG. 39, II, TBL. 42, 14, iS) (22, FIG. 8, TBL. 8, 9)

CODE 1201
PAGE 10
 FeUH
MARCH 1963 FERROUS AL~OYS
.... ~

b 260
Pe-(0. 3C)-o. 95Cr-o. 20Mo Fe
0.040 lN SH.BBT
iii
:.0:
570 P 1 30 MlN (ARGO~ OQ, 0.3 c
I 220
0.95,Cr
~
0.2 Mo
E
Dl 180
4130
t;
<
a: 140
"'
!;;
z

a: 50
~ PIG. 3.051 SN CURVE .AT ROOM TEMPERATURE 1N
ill
I
RarATING BENDING (27, FIG. 4)
~ 100 1---t!KPt:}-+-M----e~~...a.,e-o....o---1

~
0
200 400 600
TEMP- P
PIG. 3:037.14 EPPBCT OF LOW AND ELEVATED TEMP-
ERATURES .AND LOAD RATE ON NIIT FRACTURE
STRESS .AND FRACTURE .APPEARANCE ON
FATIGUE CRACKED SHEIIT SPECIMENS HEAT
TREATED TO 250 PTU KSI AT Road TEMPERA-
TURE (23, 'Il!L. 3A5.A)

Fe(O. 3C)O. 95CrO. 20Mo

1650 F. OQ
200
+1100. HR

200
I- I HR AT 110 KSI Rs2. 7~ Fe-(0.3C)O. 95Cr-o. 20Mo
700 F ~ O.I25 INSHEIIT
100 O. I2S ~ 180 TO 2il3 P KSI
80 ::.J 3 .0 ~ ............ ,..,_, ~TRT
~ !...ann"
60
- 103
on
:.0:
1 80
'.
~ .
'~~
~
>:
60
-UNWELDED
'...:: '
~
'
;j - - PlSHMOUTH WELD, GROU

' 40 - - SC.ARPWBLD, GROIDIJ- r:z::J _

""
----- BlTIT WELD, UNGROUND}- [IJ
---- BlTIT WELD, GROUND
20
~ CURVES FAIR ED THROUGH MEANS OF .APPROX

1>--1100 F
8 TBSTS1 EACH .AT 0. 6 FTU, 0. 4 FTU, 0, 3 FTU
4 5 6
10 10 10
NUMBER OF CYCLES
10
10 100 1000
TIME HR PIG. 3.052 EFFBCT OF WELD CONFIGURATION AND
SURFACE GRINDING ON FATIGUE LIFE OF
FIG. 3.0H CREEP RUPruRE CURVES FROM 700 SHEIIT IN .AXIAL LOADING AT Road TEMP
TO 1100 F (21) ER.ATURE (15, FIG. 2 TO 5)

I
..... " CODE 1201
PAGE II
rvun

FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1963

"'l!...
Fe Fe-(0.3C) -Q. 95Cr-o. 20Mo RBFBRBNCBS
0.3 c O.OS4INSHBBT
HT TO 125 FTU AT RT 1 AMS 6351, (Dec. 1, 1953)
32 2 AMS 6360D, (Feb. 15, 1953)
0.95C r
e-- ~ 3 AMS 6361, (JUDe 1, 1942)
0.2 Mo (-!:._ i'--- 4
5
AMS 6362, (June 1, 1942)
AMS 6370D, (Oct. 1, 1951)
!2 24 6 AMS 6371C, (Oct. 1, 1951)
4130 8 OB}STATIC
7 AMS 5336, (July 1, 1957)

""' \
5: 8 Bendix Aviation Corp., '"Process SpeeJflca tlon 4130 Steel,

OBc No. P. S. 2101-4130, (March 18, 1958)
16 1\. 9 Wyma.a..Oordon, '"Forging Tempera ture Spec:Uicatlons on
Csrboo Steels,'" (Jan. 19, 1959)
STRAIN RATB
10 Sachs, George, '"Survey of Low Alloy Aircraft Steels Heat
0.01 IN PBR MIN
Treated to High Strength Levels,'" WAOC TR 53254, Plan
8 0
L (Aug. 1954)
4,
200 400 600 BOJ IOJO 1200 11 Alloy Digest AISI 4130 FUing Code SA 23 Steel-All oy,
TBMJ'- F (New. 1954)
12 Hayues StellJte Co., '"Haynes Low Alloy Steels, '" (1959)
FIG. 3.0621 BFFBCT OF ROOM AND BLBVATBDTBMl'BRATURBS 13 Geueral Dynamics Corp., ''Determi nation of Mechanic al
ON BLASTIC MODULUS IN TENSION AND COMPRESSION Propenle s of Material 4130 Steel Weldlag, '" Rep. No. FTOM
AS DBTBRMINBD FROM STATIC STRBSS STRAIN CURVBS 1626, (AprU 6, 1962)
(25, FIG. 4858) 14 Geaeral Dynamics Corp., '"Btfect of Incomple te Root Pene
tratlon on Mecba.alcal Propertie s of Wlag-lnb oard Pylon Box
and Outboard Pylon Plate Welds,'" Rep. No. FGT-1997 ,
(AprU 9, 1962)
15 McDonnell Alrcralt, 'Tenslle Fatigue Test ot Welds on 4!30
Steel,'" Rep. No. 8875, (July 10, 1962)
16 General Dynamics Corp., MBvaluatlon ot Flller Metals
(Biectrod es and Weldlag Rods) for Low Alloy Steels, '" Rep.
No. FTOM 2776, (Jan. 30, 1962)
17 McDonnell Aircraft Co., First Quanerly Progress Repon
oo
Unpubllahed Materials Research and Developm ent Programs
,
Rep. No. 8743, Vol. 11, Serial 1, (AprU 10, 1962)
18 O'Keef,., D. P., '"Development of Methods for the Oetermln
a-
tlon ot Blalltlc Constanta for Sheet Metal at Elevated Tempera

ture,'" General Dynamics Rep. No. ERR-FW-Q53, (March
7,
1962)
19 McDonnell Aircraft Co., '"Brazing ot 304 to 4130 and Oxidation
Protection ot Vaacojet 1000, .. Rep. No. 8877, Serial No.
1, ......
(July 10, 1962)
20 McDonnell Aircraft Co., First SemiAnn ual Summary Repon
oo Unpublished Materials Research and Developm ent Programs
,
Repon 8938, Serial 1, (July 10, 1962)
21 Babcock and WUcox Co., Data Sheet'on 4140, 4130
and 410
Steels, (1962)
22 Morrison , ], D., and Kattus, ]. R., SlD1Jmary Technica l
Fe(O. 3C)O. 95CrO. 20Mo Repon on '"AD Investigat ion of Methods for OetermiDing the
100 1--- +--- 0. 0625 Crack-Pr opagation Resistanc e of High Strength Alloys, '"
IN SHEBT
Southern Research lnst. Prepared under Bu. Naval Weapons
3~J~.t:sT~ ~~~~~: ;~ Contract NO as 606040-c ,(Oct. 14, 1959 through Jan. 14,
1961)
TEST Southern Research Institute, '"An Investiga tion ot the Crack
23
Propagation Rl!slstanc e of High Strength Alloys and Heat
Resistant Alloys,'" Prepared under Bu. Naval Weapons
Contract NO as 61-D392-d. Bimonthly Progress Rep. No.
5,
(Nov. 23, 1961)
- 60 ~-~.....,::,'k---+-==l--++---i 24 Nonh American Aviation Data Sheet on Alloy Steel-AIS I 4130,
~ Al2604
25 Favor, Ronald J., Achboch, WUIIam P., and Hyler, Walter
S., Materials -Propert y Design Criteria for Metals, l'lart
7,
'The Conventional ShortTim e Blevated Tempera ture Proper
ties ot Selected Low and Medium Alloy Steels," WAOCTR
-55-
150, Plan 7
26 Miller, Donald E., '"Determination of the Tensile Compres

slve and Bearing Propenh: a ot Ferrous and Nonferro ua
STRAIN RATE Structura l Sheet Material at Elevated Tempera tures, '"
0. 01 IN P~R MIN AF TR 6517, Plan 5, ASTIA No. AD142218.
27 Manson, S. S., Nachtlgall, A. ]. , and Frecbe, ]. C., '"A
O COMPR ION Proposed New Relation for ClD11ulatlve Fatigue Damage In
0 10 20 30 40 Bendlag,'" Proc. ASTM, (1961)
TA~ENT MODULUS - KSI 28 WAOC, 'Tenslle Propertie s of Alrcraft Structura l Metals
at
Various Rates ot Loading After Rapid Heat1J18, '" Rep. No.
FIG. 3. 064 BFFBCT OF STRI!Ss AND TEMPERA 55t99, Pt. 2, ASTIA No. AD 110540, (Nov. 1956)
TURB ONTA~ENT MODULUS IN 29 Metals Handbook. ASM, Vol. 1, 8th l!dltloq,, (1961)
COMPRBSSION 30 United States Steel Co., '"Atlas of Isotherm al Tra.aator matlon
(26, FIG. 75) Diagrams ,'" (1951)

CODE 1201
PAGE 12
 REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GENERAL
TABLE 1 0554
'Ibis Is a medlwn carbon chramlwn-molybdenwn steel
3
Fe
Source
widely used where the blgber strength capabUity and blgber
bardenalllllty of 4340 Is not req~~lred. It ls avaUable In all All.Qy_ FeC0.4C 1Cr0.2Mo
Recommended
0.4 c
commercial wrought forms and ls used for blgb strength Min tempering temp - F
castlngs,(1) (2. p.3) (3) (7). TensUe strengths up to240J:sl
Ftu - ksl tempering range - F I Cr
are readU y achieved through coaventiooal beat treatment, 200-220 700 750-850
0.2 Mo
(8), It can be nltrlded successfully. 180-200 800 850 - 950
160 - 180 950 950 1100
1.01 Commercial Designation. 4140. 4140
1.02 Alternate Designations. SAE 4140, AlSl 4140.
The deslgnatloo 4140 H denotes the steel Is supplied to
bardeuabUity limits.

1.03 Specifications. Table 1. 03. 1.06 HardenabUlty

1.061 Bnd quench hardenabUity, Pig. 1.061.

TABLE 1 03 1.07 Forms and Conditions Available

AMS Form M1 tary 1.071 This steel Is avaUable In full commercial range of sizes
5336 Precision Investment castings and forms for wrought products. Hot rolled or cold
5338 Precision Investment castings finished stock Is furnished In the annealed, normalized or
6378 Bars, die drawn and tempu' spheroldlzed coodltloo, (1) (7).
F c 130 J:sl 1.072 Ole drawn and tempered bars areavaUable to mlnlmwn ten
6379 Ba~s, die drown and temper sUe property specifications, (26) (27).
p cy = 165 kill 1.073 Investment castings furnished In normall:r.ed and tempered
6381 A Heavy wall tubing condition, unless otherwise speclf1ed (AMS 5336 and 5338),
6382 0 Bars, forgings and forging stock MILS-5626 (22) (23).

1.08 Melting and Castl!!g Practice. Open hearth or electric

furnace air melt.
Composition. Table l. 04.
1.09 Special Considerations. When beat treated to high atrengtb
levels special precautions must be taken to avoid hydrogen
embrlttlement and reduce stress concentrations. See 4340.
TABLE 1 04
AMS (22) (24) (25) 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Source AMS (23)
(26) (27)
Percent Percent 2. 01 Thermal Properties
Min Max Min Max 2. 011 Melting point.
o.38 0.43 0.35 0.45 2. 012 Critical temperatures, (1):
Carbon
0.80 1.10 0.80 1.10 A 1380 F Ac3 1460 F
Chromlwn 1
Manganese
Molybdenwn
0.75
0.15
1.00
0.25
0.75
0.15
1.00
0.25 M;
Ac 1280 F
650 P
Ar3 1370 F
Mf 500 F
SUicon 0.20 0.35 -- 1.00 2.013 Thermal conductivity. 22 Btu ft per (hr sq ft F), (9).
Phosphorus
Sulfur
-
-
0.040
0.040 -
0.040
0.040
2. 014 Thermal expaosloo at 0 to 200 F, 6. 3 x 10~ In per In
perF, (9),
Iron Balance Balance 2. 015 Specific heat. 0.107 Btu per (lb F), (9).
AMS 6378 spec!fles 0. 38 to 0. 45C (26)
~379 specifies 0. 40 to 0. 53C (27) 2.02 Other Physical Properties
AMS
2.021 Density. 0. 283 lb per cu ln. 7. 83 gr per cu em, (9).
AMS 5336 specifies 0. 25 to 0. 35C (22)
2.022 Electrical properties
2.023 Magnetic properties. Steel Is ferromagnetic.

2. 03 Chemical Properties. See 4340,

1. 05 Heat Treatment Nuclear Properties
2.04
l. 051 Normalize. 1600 to 1650 F, alr cool, (1). AMS 5336 spec
lfles 1700 to 1750 P, 1 hr mlnlmwn, air cool, (22); AMS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
3.
5338 specifies 1650 to 1700 P, 1 hr minlmwn, air cool,
(23); AMS 6382 0 and 6381 A specify 1690 to 1710 F, (24) 3.01 Sneclfled Mechanical Properties
(25). l){lnlmwn guaranteed properties for heat treated bar and
3.011
l. 052 Anneal. 1550 to 1600 P, furnace cool, (1 ). forgings, Table 3.011.
1.053 Harden. 1550 to 1600 P, oil quench, (1). AMS 5336 spec!
flea 1590 to 1610 P, 30 min, oU quench; AMS 5338 specifies
1540 to 1560 P, 30 min, oll quench; AMS 6381 A and 6382
0 specify 1540 to 1560 F.
1.054 Spheroldlze. 1400 to 1425 P, furnace cool, (1).
1. 055 Specified heat treatment process for ultimate tensile TABLE 3 011
strength up to 220 ksl, (3). Source ASM 10
1,0551 Anneal. 1525 to 1575 P, furnace, ash or lime cool. Alloy Fe-<;0.4C 1Cr~.2Mo
1.0552 Normsll:r.e. 1575 to 1700 F, air cool. Temper 1250 P Form Bar forllln~rs
maxlmwn draw for machlnabUity. Temper 1D Temper to rremper to
Condition Norm
1. 0553 Austenltl:r.e. 1500 to 1575 F, oll quench (75 to 140 P) cool Fro 140kat Ftu160kal Ptul80kai
to 160 F maxlmwn, or salt quench 390 to 410 P, 10 min 90 140 180
mlnlmwn, air cool to 160 F maxlmwn. Ptu' min ksl 160
Fty' min ksl 70 120 145 165
1.0554 Temper. Temper for 4 hr to required strength, see Table
+' . 1.0554.
e percent 15 14 12 10
~
'"'';..-

CODE 12031
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

3.012 .AMS specified properties, Table 3. 012.

Fe
0.4 c Source AMS 22
TABLE 3 012
AMS 23) I AMS 2S AMS 26 AMS(27
Cr A!ToV Fe-(0.4C -1Cr-D.2Mo
Bars, forgings and
0.2 Mo Form Prec Invest casting Prec Invest casting
forging stock Ole drawn Ole drawn

Condition Norm + 1590 to 1610 F, Norm + 1540 to 1560 F,

HF CF tempered tempered
4140 30 min;OQ + 800 F min 30 min, OQ + 900 F min
Ftu,
F '
min- ksi
min- ksi
150
125
liS
160
-- -- 150
130
180
165

-- --
efl D), min - percent s 3 10 5
RA, min - percent 10 6 35 20
Hardness

-- - -
BHN, min - 302 360
max - 229 241 - -
3.013 Typical room temperature properties of unhardened cast-
Ings, Table 3. 013. TABLE 3 0233
Source 12
TABLE 3 013 Allov Fe-10.4Cl-1Cr-D. 2Mo
Source 2, p,25 1 Form Extruded bar
Allov Fe-(0.4C)-1Cr-0. 2Mo Thickness - In 374x3 f/8
Form Cast Charpy Keyhole Impact Rockwell
Condition As-cast Norm Condition
Ann strength (ft lb) hardness
Ftu - ksi 131.3 90 135 Lonll Trans
p -ksl 100.8 60 100 As -enruded 24.5 16.3 890
e ty- percent 6.0(1in) 25 (2in) 16 (2 In)
RA- percent 8.0 Norm, 1650 P, OQ
45 28 14.5 8.5 C-48
Hardness + t<':nper 2 hr, 600 F
BHN
RC
-
33.5
220
-
275
-
Norm, 1650 P, 0Q
+temper 2 hr, 900 F 23.0 10.5 C-40
Each value average of 4 tests
3.014 Typical room temperature properties of unhardened
wrought steel, Table 3.014. 3.0.'1 Mechanical Properties at Various Tempezatures
3.031 Shon time tension properties
....... ,
3.0311 Effect of test temperature on tensUe properties ol. heat
TABLE 3 014 treated bar and forging at various strength levels, Fig.
Source I 3.0311.
Allov Fe-10.4C -1Cr-D.2Mo 3.0312 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties of
Form Wrouldtt alloy tempered at various temperatures, Pig. 3.0312.
!Condition As-rolled Ann Norm 3. 032 Short time properties other than tension
Ftu - ksi llO to 130 90 to 100 120 to 138 3. 0321 EUect of test temperature oo compressive yield strength
P - ksi 65 to 95 65 to 70 95 to 100 of bar and forgings, heat treated to various strength levels,
el! in)-perccn 15 to 20 25 to 27 18 to 22 Fig. 3.0321.
RA -percent 40 to 45 50 to 55 44 to 55 3. 0322 EUect of test temperature on shear strength of bar and
Hardness - forglngs 1heat treated to various strength levels, Pig
BHN 229 to 270 185 to 200 241 to 280 3.0322.
3. 0323 EUect nf test temperature on bearing strength nf bar and
forgings, heat treated to various strength levels, Pig.
3.0323.
3.0324 EUect of test temperature and various heat treatmentB 011
3.02 Mecllanical Properties at Room Temperature impact properties, Pig. 3. 0324.
3.021 Hardness 3.033 Static stress concentratloo eUects
3.0211 EUect of tempering temperature on room temperature 3.04 Creep a"rKI-creePRuptur e Propen"ies
hardneAs of castings and wrought bar, Pig. 3. 0211. 3.041 Creep curves at 1000 and 1200 P for sheet In various heat
3.0212 Effect of elevated temperature on room temperature hard- treated conditions, Pig. 3. 041.
ness of annealed and cold ro11ed bar, Pig. 3. 0212. 3.042 Creep curves at 600 P for steel, heat treated 180 to 200
3.0213 Effect of elevated temperature on room temperature hard- Flu -ksl, l"ig. 3. 042,
ness of heat treated and cold rolfed bar, Pig. 3. 0213. 3.043 Effect of coi<! rolling on rupture time of quenched and tem-
3.022 Tension properties ~red rod at v:orlous temperatures, Pig. 3. 043.
3.0221 Effect of tempering temperature on room temperature ten- 3.044 Effect of cold rolling on minimum creep rate of quencbed
sUe properties of cast steel, Pig. 3.0221. and tempered rod at various test temperatures, Fig. 3.044.
3.0222 Effect of tempering temperature on room temperature ten-
sUe properties of wrought bar, Fig. 3. 0222. 3.05 Fatigue Properties
3.0223 EUect of bar diameter on room temperature tensUe proper- 3.051 S-N curves at room tem;>erature for smooth and notched
ties of quencbed and tempered bar, Fig. 3. 0223. bar .In th~ longlrudlnal and transverse direction, Pig. 3.051.
3.0224 EUect of cold rolling on room temperature tensUe proper- 3;os2 S-N curv!"s at room tempen!ture for smooth bar, tempered
ties of bar, Fig. 3. 0224. to various strength levels, Pt~. 3. 052.
3.023 Properties other than tension . 3.053 S-N curves at room temperatur" for notched bar, tem-
3.0231 EUect of tempering temperature on room temperature pered to various strength levels, Pig. 3.053.
torsional properties of bar, Fig. 3. 0231.
3.0232 Effect of tempering temperature on rocm temperature im .. 4. FABRICATION
pact properties of bar, Fig. 3. 0232.
3.0233 Effect or tempering temperature on room temperature Im- 4.01 Forming an<! C:lslln&
pact properties of ruttrudoo bar, Table 3. 0233. 4.011 Porge at 2000 to 22 F with 1800 P minimum flnlsbing
temperature, (1).
 '. FeUH

REVISED MARCH 1963

FERROUS ALLOYS

280 P -co:4G ).:'i'&- o.ZMo Fe

----
~- See43 40.
4.02
., 3/4 JN IllA BAR
0.4 c
See 4340.
4.03 Weldin g. ~ ......._
i'""
,., Heatin g and Heat Treati ng. See 4340.
~ .260
.JIY" -....:.; I Cr
~
~
4.04
0.2 Mo
R
v ANN160 0F,1:~
4.05
4.051
Surfac e Treatln &
This alloy may be nltrlde d to Improv e wear
resista nce, (1).
and abrasio n

hardne ss or
I uo .....,-- +HBA T 1 HR
+CR,
"""'- 4140
4.052 I!f!ect or tempe ring tempe rature on case
nitrlde d alloy, Fig. 4. 052.
~..:I AT INDICATBD TEMP

..:I
ga: 220
"" ll'l
COLD WORK (RA)
61\', 121\',
200 800 1000 1200
0 200 600400
~~~o,
TBMP - F
6,.-----~--~F~e--~~~.4C~)~-1~cr~-o~. TBMl'B RAnJR B ON ROOM
FIG. 3.0212 BFFBC T OF RLBVATBD AND
4140 H TBMPBRA'11lllB HARDNBSS OF ANNBAUID
COLD ROLLBD BAR {14, p.828)

~56
0

! 48

~40~--~~~~~~
..:I
..:I
~
~3 2~--~--+-~~~~
a:
AMS 6381A +6382 0
MINIMUM RBQUIRBMBNT
24L-----~-----L----- J~--~
8 24
16 32
0
DISTANCE FROM QUBNCHED END
SIXTB EN'lll IN
LITY (21)
FIG. 1. 061 END QUBNCH HARDENABI

Fe-(0. 4C)-1C r-O. 2Mo

i.o~----~--~~~~~~--~---;
~ -CA ST {2)
NORM, 1900 F, I HR, AC
~ +HAR D!600 F,1 HR,OQ
j!l: 32 + TBMPER --1-- --j-:l l,=:. ...:-+
-_,-- -i
~ e 1/2 IN DlA BAR
g NORM 1600 F
111 +HAR D !550 F, OQ
+TEM PER ,..,;.:{1:,:_)-1-- --11 ---- -l-+
--t
24
liN DIA BAR
OIL HARDEN
+TBM R (I)
16 1200 !400 TBMP - F
400 600 800 1000
ON ROOM
TEMPERING TEMP - F FIG. 3. 0213 BFFBC T OF BLBVATBD TBMPBRA'IURB
TBD
TEMPERATURE ON TEMPERA'IURB HARDNESS OF HBAT TRBA
FIG. 3.0211 EFFEC T OF TEMPERING GS AND COLD ROLI.BD BAR
ROOM TEMPE RATU RE HARDNESS OF CASTIN (14, p.827)
AND WROUGHT BAR (I) (2, p. 30)

CODE 1203
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

Fe 280 Pe-(0.4C -1Cr-0.2Mo

l'RBCINVBSTCAS11NG
0.4 c NORM 1900 P, 1 HR, AC
+ 1600 P, 1 HR, OQ
Cr 240 + TBMPBR, 1 HR --+----1
0.2 Mo
4140

Pe-(0.4C)-1 r-o. 2Mo 320

1/2 1N DlA BAR, NORM 1600 F
+RBHBAT 1550 P, OQ +TEMP (1)
1 1N DlA BAR, OIL HARDBN +TEMP (1)
J;lo,,...--- BAR, ANN 1550 P, OQ +TBMP (11) 280
0}1/2 1N NORM 1650 P +TBMP (13)
0 A DlA BAR. Q 1525 +TEMP (13)
600 800
TBMPBRlNG TBMP - P
PIG. 3.0221 BPPBCT OF TEMPBRING TEMPBRA-
TURB ON ROOM TEMPBRATURB 12
TENSILE PROI'BRTIBS OF CAST STEEL
(2, p.30) L_~~~-+----r---~~ ~

"'

80

TEMPERING TEMP P
PIG. 3. 0222 BPPBCT OF TEMI'BRING TEMPERATURB ON
ROOM TEMPBRATUi'.B TENSILE PROPBRTIBS
OF WROUGHT BAR
(J) (11) (13, p. 982)

ll"nn.,.
 FeUH
REV I SED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

180 180 Pe-(0.4C)-1Cr-G.2! o

p -(0.4C)-1Cr-o.~o
BAR 3/4 IN DIA BAR
Fe
1550 P, OQ
+ 1000 P TEMP}!R
1600 P, ~ HR, OQ
+1170 P, 2HR __. 0.4 c
160
160 +CR
:.--- Cr

~~
1000 p

l\TU ~140
PTU
0.2 Mo

1\~ ~TY
140 ~
4140

120
~ 120
/
PTY\

100

80
60
SPECIMEN POSITION
BAR CENTER
.6.1/2 RADIUS
"' ......, 100

80
RA
~
.._ e

~ ~o.rs
0
0 10 20 30 40
~2IN) COlD ROLL - PBRCBNT
PIG. 3.0224 BPPBCT OF COlD ROLLING ON ROOM
TBMPBRATURB TBNSILB PROPBRTIBS
0
0 2 3 OF BAR
(14, p.820)
BAR DIAMETER - IN
PIG. 3. 0223 EFFECT OF BAR DIAMETER
ON ROOM TBMPERATURE
TEN;ILE PROPERTIES OF
QUENCHED AND TEMPERED
BAR (1)

Pe-(0. 4C)-1Cr-G. 2Mo

11NDIA BAR
160
OQ+TBMI'BR

"
""' ~
140
"""~
TORSION ULTD.t.\"1

~ 120 '' TORSION

'' BLASTIC

100 ' ', LIMIT

'
80
600 800 1000
'
1200
TBMPBRING TEMP - P
FIG. 3.0231 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEM-
PERATURE ON ROOM TEMPER-
ATURE TORSIONAL PROPER-
TIES OF BAR
(1)

I
CODE 12031
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

120
Fe Fe-(0.40)-lCr-o. 2Mo
e 1/2 IN DIA BAR
0.4 c NORM1600 F

I
0.2
Cr
Mo
..
..:I
80
+1550F, 0Q
+TEMPER
Al IN ROD
OIL HARDEN
t: +TEMPER
40
4140

01~~~~---b--~~
400 600 800 1000 12()1) 1400
TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3.0232 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
ROOM TEMPERATURE IMPACT PROPERTIES
OF BAR (1)

Fe-(0.40)-ICr-o.
BAR, FORGINGS

160 ~

200
/ '

160
I

~ 120

/
~
"' B

~
~20~----+-~~ER~~-r--;
40 TEMPER
fe"' ,. 900 F
0 950 F
0 0 ll. 1100 T 1265 F
~0-----4~00~----800~--~,2~00~~
TEMP- F / 0 400
TEMP- P
800 1200

FIG. 3. 0311 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE FIG. 3. 0312 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPER-
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF HEAT ATURE ON TENSILE PROPER-
TREATED BAR AND FORGINGS AT TIES OF ALLOY TEMPERED
VARIOUS STRENGTII LEVELS AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURSS
(10, p. 219) (16, p.l13) (28, p.497)

I
CODE
~4GF"
 FeUH
REVISEDMARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOY S

"''-'~
~ Fe-(0 .4C)-1Cr,.0.2 Mo Fe
BAR, FORGING~ 320
e/01.51'0 2.0
0.4 c
I Cr
:uo 0.2 Mo

TEMP- F
PIG. 3, 0321 EFFECT OF TEST TBMPBRATURE
ON COMPRESSIVE YlBLD STRENG11i
OF BAR AND FORGINGS, HEAT
TREATED TO VARIOUS STRENG11i
LEVELS (lO)

TEMP- P
PIG. 3,0323 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPBRATURB
ON BEARING STRBNG11i OF BAR
AND PORGlNGS, HBAT TRBATBD
TO VARIOUS STRBNG11i LB\'lU.S
(10)

...,.-,.

140
Fe-(0. 4C)-1CrIJ. 2MO
--1575 F, OQ
TBMPBR
120~--~~~~~--I:UOFTO
288BHN
---1575 F, OQ
TEMPER
~~~~~~~--1~5FTO
286BHN
--1650 F, AC
ro255 BHN

lB CliARPY V

100 200 300

TBMPF TEMP- F
FJG. 3,0322 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE FIG. 3.0324 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE
ON SHEAR STRENG11i OF BAR AND AND VARIOUS HEAT TREAn.tEN I'S
FORGJNnS,HEAT TREATED TO ON IMPACT PROPERTlBS
VARIOUS STRENG11i LEVELS (IO) (I)

ICODE
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REV I SED MARCH 1963

100 2000
Fe Fe-(0,4C)-1Cr-0.2Mo
80 O;OSO'IN SHBB1' -j,.------+64 HR IN NlTRATB
Fe-(0.4C)-1Cr-D. 2Mo

0.4
Cr
().2 Mo
c 6o
40
JIATII.AT 1_000 F

1000 F
1000
800
600
I
-I
/

v
U.75 IN ROD,
1600 P, 1 HR, OQ
+1170 P, +CR 2 Hit

400

4140 20
1\\i
2% l I
5\\j

~
"10\\i ~
0
10 ~
. ]<....
80
60

40
0 "'.__,_ ...,..
TBST :_I1!M i> F STRBSS JCSI
600 120
700 100
20 aoo 80
~
., 900 60
~~-'
35
0
10 20
- ~ -
30
--
----.
10 COlD ROLL - PBRCBNI'
1200 F
8 PIG. 3, 043 BPFBCT OF OOID ROLLING ON RUl'ItJRB
TD1B OF QUBNCHBD AND 'Jma'BRBD ROD
60 AT VARJ)US TBSI' TBMPBRA1URBS
(14.p.822)
40

20

101~--~----+--~~~~~~~~~
8~--~~----~-----+----~~--~
0.001 O.Dl 0. 1 1
11MB -HR
PIG. 3.1141 CRBBP CURVES AT 1000 AND 1200 P FOR SHBBT IN
VAJUOUS HBAT TR.BATBD CONDrriONS
0 8 Fe-(0.4C)-1Cr-D.2Mo
(17, p.36)
0.75 IN ROD

"
:1:

"
~
~ 0 'ifl.=---+----.j-AUST--1""'600~FI-,-l""'HR,__,-OQ~I
l;l +1170F, 2HR
~ +CR

0.1 1.L---~--~~--~~--~20~-~~n----;,100~-~200~~.00 10 20 30
11MB -HR
COlD ROLL - PBRCBNI'
FIG. 3, 044 BFPBcT OF OOlD ROLLING ON MINDruM
FIG. 3.1142 CRBBPCURVBSAT600FFORSI1mL, HBATTRBATBOTO
CRBBP RATB OF QUBNCHBD AND 'Im4PBRBD
180 TO 200 FruKSI
(16, p.l17) ROD AT VARIOUS TBST 11U.CPBRA1URBS
(14, p.&23)

I CODE i203l
 FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

1
~ Fe-(0. -1er-o.
D1 D2 r LONGITtlDINAL
Fe
120
o.~ o.215 o.o25
o.~ 0.21 o.o25 - - 1 - - - - - 1
0.4 c
0.29 0.22 0.015 I Cr
0.2 Mo

4140

7 8
10 10 10 109
CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 3,051 SN CURVBS AT ROOM TBMPBRATURB FOR
SMOOTH AND NOTCHED BAR IN THB LONGI
TUDINAL AND TRANsvBllsB DIRBC'DON
(13, p. 993)

FlG. 3. 053 SN CURVES AT ROOM TBMPI!RA

TURE FOR NOI'CHBD~, TBM
PBRED TO VARIOUI STRENGTH
LBVBLS (13)(18)

1~
Fe-(0. 4C)1Cr-o. 2Mo
BAR
~~ LONGrryr mw-
120

~ '-...:.FTU237 KSI
I

100 ~ ~
~

""\
~
80

60
. ~
">
...
FTU 1~ ICSl-
~

FTullO ICSI
e 1500 F, 1 HR, OQ 64
+TEMPER 550 F, 1 HR ; Pe-(0.:)-1 er-4i;2Mo
.A. 1500 F, 1 HR, OQ
+TEMPER 1150 F, 1 HR
fli 1550 F, OQ
u +TBMPBR
NORM 1650 F
' + Nrl'RIDB IN Nlf3
+TEMPER 1200 F ROTBBAM ~ 60).l- --+-- (PLOB PROCESS)
20
I-r----a 7ft6 ~~-NO: FAILURE ~ 60HRAT9 7 P

t::Jt ~5 ~Mr-~~~---r--,
~
0.2151
OR 0.270
CONVBR FROM
105 1o6 107 108 ROCnBLL 15N
CYCLES TO FAILURE 521-.--.1---.1---J...---1
a; 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
FlG. 3.052 SN CURVES AT ROOM '!'BMPERA
TURE FOR SMOO'Ill BAR. TEM 11!MPBRING TBWP F
PERBD TO VARIOUI STRENGTH FIG. 4. 052 BPFBCT OP 'IlUoll'BRING TBMI'BRA'IUI.B
ON CASH HARDNBSS OF Nrl'RIDBD ALLOY
LEVELS (13, p. 993)(18, p. 5254)
(19, p.16)

ICODE 12031
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVIS ED MARCH 1963

REFERENC BS
Fe 1 Alloy Digest, "AlSI 4140", Flllng Code: SA-18, Steel
0.4 c 2
Alloy, (May 1954)
Ha.unes Stellite Co., "Haynes Low Alloy Steels" (1959)
I Cr 3 BeDdlx Products Oiv., Data Sheet on 4140, No. P.S. 2101-
4140, (March 18, 1958)
0.2 Mo 7 Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Inc., "Ryerson Aircraft Steels",
Bulletin No. RM-88-8, (1958)
8 Florent!Do, R.J., Roach, D. B. ami Hall, A. M., ''Heat
4140 Treannent of High-Stren gth Steels for Airframe Applies-
tloos", DMIC Rep. 119, (Nov. 27, 1959)
9 "Strength of Metal Aircraft Elements", MILHDBK-5,
(Dec. 30, 1958)
10 Grobeclcer, D. W. (Techn. Editor), "Metals for Supersonic
Aircraft and Mlsslles", Proc. of the Conference "Heat
Tolerant Metals for Aerodynam ic Application s'; (Jan.1957,
pub!. 1958)
11 Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Inc., "Guide to Steel Selection",
Bulletin No. R 8-62
12 Fioreutlno, R. J. and Ssbroff, A. M.. "Avai!shilit y and
Mechanics! Properties of High-Stren gth Steel Extrusions ",
DMIC Rep. 138,(0ct. 26, 1960)
13 Evans, E. B., Ebert, L. J. and Briggs, c. W., "Fatigue
Properties of Comparabl e Cast and Wrought Steels", Proc.
ASTM. Vol. 56 (1956)
14 Sbshlnisn, P., Achter, M. R. aod Pennington, W. A.,
'"l'he ntfect of Cold Work and Temperatu re on Strength
ami Structure of Steel", Trans. ASM. Vol. 53, (1961)
16 Sachs, G., "S~ey of L01v!.Jioy Aircraft Steels Heat
Treated to High-Streng th Levels", (High-Stren gth
Steels and Their General Ststlc Properties) WADC TR-
53-254, Pt. 4 (Dec. 1953)
17 Mlller, J., Smith, L. W. and Porter, P. K., "Ut!lization
of Low Alloy Materials for High Temperatu re Service
Application s", United States Air Force, AF TR 5929,
Oune 1949)
18 Jackson, L. R. and Pochapsky, T. E., '"l'he Effect of
Compositio n on the Fatigue Strength of Decarburiz ed Steel';

19
Trans. ASM. Vol. 39, (1947)
The Nitrslloy Corp., "Nitralloy and Nltridln;~" (Including
,,..,.
The New Floe Process), (1954)
21 "Alloy Steel: Semiflnlshe d; Hot Rolled and Cold Finished
Bars", AlSI Steel Products Manual, Quly 1955)
22 AMS 5336, Ou!y 1, 1957)
23 AMS 5338, Ou!y 1, 1957)
24 AMS 6381 A. Qune 15, 1953)
25 AMS 6382 0. Oune 1, 1951)
26 AMS 6378, Ou!y 15, 1961)
27 AMS 6379, Quly 15, 1961)
28 Metals Handbook, 8th Edition, ASM Vol. 1 (1961)

CODE 1203
DAI.!:~ on
 REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GENERAL 1.042 4330V (Mod. + Si), Table 1.042

This steel is one of a group of medium carbon, low-alloy TABLE 1,042 Fe
(msrtensitic) ultra-bigh-etrength steels developed on the
basis of the standard .4340 composition. It is available in Source (3) 0.3 c
the form of bar, forging, plate and tubing and is primarily
used In the beat treated condition at a tensile strength Weight Percent 1.8 Ni
between 220 and 240 kai (2, 3). Because of the reduced Minimum Maximum
carbon content, this ultra-bigh-etrength steel possesses
0.8 Cr
Carbon 0.28 0.33 11
better fracture toughness, and better welding and general ().,!4 Mo
fabrication characteristics than those of lts bigher carbon Manganese 0.65 0. 85
counterparls. The addition of vanadium improves Silicon
Phosphorus
1. 45 Typical
- - 0.'07 v
bardenablllty and provides some secondary strengthening.
Addition of silicon to 1. 5 weight percent (simUar to 300M) Sulfur - -
retards tempering, so that bigher strengths may be re- Chromium 0.70
1.65 2.00
0.90 4330
tained at the higher tempering temperatures. However, Nickel
the attainment of Improved properties anticipated by this Molybdenum 0.20 0.30 V Mod
modification is not obvious For appUcations where Vanadium 0.10 Typical
bigher strength is desired, another modification with a Iron Balimce
higher carbon and vanadium content than 4330V Mod. or
4330V (Mod. + Sl) is used. Tbis modification is discussed
separately under 4335V Mod. (chapter code 1205). Many
of the properties of these steels are nearly identical.
1.05 Heat Treatment
1.01 Commercial Designation 1,051 Normalize. 1600 - 1700F, 1 bour per Inch thickness
4330 Mod., 4330 (Mod. + Si) (1 hour minimum) AC (2, p. 7)(4, p. 24-26).
1.02 Alternate Designations 1.052 Temper normalized condition for processing and macbin-
AMS 6427, 4330V, 4330V Mod. , 4330 Modified, ability l250F maximum, (1 + 1) hour per Inch In
4330V (Mod. + Sl) thiclaless, AC (2,p. 7)(4, pp, 24-26).
1.053 Full anneal. 1525 to 1575F, FC or cool In ash or lime,
1.03 Specifications (2,p. 7), 1525 to 1625F (5,p.61).
Table 1.03 1.054 Stress relieving.
1.0541 Stress relieving of paris after straightening, etc (6),
Table 1,0541.

TABLE 1 0541
Form
Bar, forgings, tubing Source (2, p. 3, 8)

, .. .., Alloy_ 4330 Mod

Condition Tempering Temp Stress Relief
Ftu - kai F Temp-F Tlme-hr
1.04
1.041
Compos!tlon
4330V Mod,,Table 1.1!41
150 to 160 min - 700 3
>850 800 1
180 to 200 - 700 3
TABLE 1.041 200 to 220 - - -
Source AMS (1) 220 to 240* - .700
or 650
3
4
Weight Percent
or 550 5
Minimum Maximum
<400 275 l2
Carbon 0,28 0.33
Manganese 0.75 1.00 Carburlzed parts - 275 l2
SU!con 0.2G 0.35
Stress relief temperature limited by tempering
Phosphorus - 0.04
temperoture aod strength requirements
Sulfur
Chromium
-
0.75
0.04
1.00
Nickel 1,65 2,00 1.0542 Stress relieving after welding. 1175 to 1225F, 1 hour
Molybdenum 0.35 0.50 per inch In thiclaless (1 hour minimum). No streso
Vanadium 0.05 0.10 relieving treatment Is required I! the component Is beat
Iron Balance treated Immediately (4, pp. 24-26).
1.055 Austenltize. 1525 to 1600F, 15 minutes per inch,
(15 minute minimum for parts under 1/2 inch
and 30 minute minimum for parts over 1/Z !ncb
In thlclaless). (2)(4, pp. 24-26) (5, p.61).
1.056 Cooling after austen!tizat!on.
1.0561 on quench. on temperature 75-140F, cocl to 160F
maximum (2, p. 7).
1.0562 OU quench (altemate). Hold in bot oll until the heaviest
section ls at 400F, air cool to 160F maximum (4, pp. 24-
26).
1.0563 Salt quench. Salt temperature 390 to 410F, bold 10 minutes
alr cool to 160F maximum (2, p, 7)
1.057 Temper. 400 to 1200F, depending on desired strength.
Single or double temper may be aU<?'t>yed.
1,0571 To obtain the following strengths te'laper at:
Ftu = 180 to 200 kal 950 to llOOF, 4hr (2,p.8)
Ftu = 200 to 220 kal 750 to 950F, 4hr (2,p.8)
Ftu =220 to 240 kal 625 to 750!', 2 + Zhr (2, p. 8)
IV\Jn

FERRO US ALLOYS REVISED : MARCH 1969

1.0572 Effect of tempering temperatur e on the tenelle properti9S 1.09 Special Considerat ions
Ft 1.0573
of bar, Figure 1.0572. 1.091 Decarburiz ation, although less pronoWICed than In the
Effect of tempering temperatur e on the tenelle properties
0.3 c of plate, Figure 1.0573.
higher carbon steels, should not exceed a very small
amount, particularl y for application s lnvclvlng repeated
1.8 Ni 1.06 Hardenabll ity
stresses. Decarburiz ation or carburizati on during normal
heat treatment (normaliza tion and austenltiza tlon) should
1.061 End quench hardenabil!Ly, Figure 1. 061
0.8 Cr 1.062 Hardness distribution In oil quenched bars of different
be avclded by using suitable, neutral protective atmos-
pheres, unless the surface layer can be removed following
diameters, Figure 1.062.
0.4 Mo 1.063 Effect of as-quenche d section size on the tensile properties
heat treatment.

0.07 v 1,064
of bar tempered at 1000F, Figure 1.063.
Effect of as-quenche d section size on the tensile properties
of bars tempered at 1200F, Figure 1. 064.
4330
1.07 Forms and Conditions Available
V Mod 1.071 Alloy Is available In the full commercia l range of sizes
for low alloy steels In the form of bar, forging, plate 1.092 Material heat treated to F tu ~ 220 to 260 ksi requires
and tubing.
1.072 All products are available In the annea!ed or normalized careful dsslgnlng to keep stress concentrat ions at a
condition, forgings also In heat treated condition. minimum and special measures during fabrication for
4337 and 4340 are given as guldo>s:
1.08 (a) Decarburiz ation must be completely removed.
Melting and Casting Practice
(b) Straighteni ng or heat treated parte should be
Electric furnace air melt. Induction and consumabl e
limited to 1/4 degree and performed at
electrode vacuum melts.
1.081 temperatur es between 70 to 200F followed by
ECCect of melting practice on mechanical properties ,
retemperin g at 390 to 410F, 4 hours.
Table 1. 081.
Straightene d sections must be shot peened.
(c) Grinding of beat tr'lated parte must be
TABLE 1.081
performed with extreme caution and must be
Source followed by baking at 365 to 385F and shot
(11)
peening.
Alloy Fe-(0.3C)- 1. 8NI-D. 8Cr-G.4Mo -O. 07V (d) Scale and rust removal should be by machining,
Form 4 Inch dia bar 3x5 plate 4 Inch dia bar sand blasting or wet blasting.
Melting P;:'ll(ll:ica (e) Vapor or solvent degreaslng must be used.
(a) I (b) (c)
Pickling and cathodic cleaning are prohibited
Condition (d) because of the susceptibU ity of Inducing
Actual Carbon Leve 0.33C 0.31C o.3oc hydrogen embritUem ent.
Dlrectiot L (f) Plating must be followed by baking at 365 to
T L ST L T 385F, 8 hours, minimum. lC parte are plated
Ftu, ksi 220.4 for oxidation protection before austeniUzln g,
222.2 213.7 216.2 229.9 230.1
Fty, ksl this must be followed by baking at 350 to 400~,
193.5 194.0 185.5 187.5 198.6 201.3 3 hours.
e(1 In), percent (g) A final baking at 250F, 24 hours Is required to
11.0 5.0 12.0 s.o 13.0 4.0
RA, percent 36.5 stabilize austenite. Alternative ly,
15.0 56.3 11.7 56.4 10.2 refrigerati on can be used. (Cleveland
Sharp Notch Pneumatic Tool 1958). Honing to a depth not
Strength , ksl 233.7 exceeding o. 010 Inch may follow shot peening,
168.2 250.6 198.8 251.9 192.9
but grinding after peening Is not permissibl e.
(a) Electric furnace air melt 1.093 Hydrogen embritUem ent Is a problem If the steel Is heat
(b) Vacuum stream degas treated to F tu above 200 ksl.
(c) Cyclic vacuum degas
(d) 1700F, l hr,AC + 1600F,1 hr,OQ +Temper at 600F,2 hr,AC
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTI ES
Dortmund - Horder ( cyclic vacuum degassing) process
2. 01 Thermal Properties
'\601 2. 011
2. 012
Melting range. 2645 - 2645F
Phase changes. This steel transforms from austenite to

~- ~D '-:tOOW
to ferrite and carbides on slow cooling and to martensite
on fast cooling. Critical temperatur es (approxima te)

~
(5,p.61)
Ac1 =1320F
root radius Yo7 In max. Ac3 = 1485F
Ar3 = 915F
Ar1 = 610F
Ms point 575F*
Me point = 360F*
*Determine d on specimens with o. 35C (Republic Steel
1958). See 4335V Mod.
2.0121 Tlme-temp erature-tl'll iUJformAti on diagrams.
2.013 Thermal conductivit y.
2.014 Thermal expansion.
2.015 Specific heat.
2.016 Thsrmal diffuslvlty.

2.02 Other Phvalcal Properties

2.021 De1111lty.
2,022 Electrical propertie.s .
 I-8UH
REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

2.023 Magnetic properties. 3.0272 Fracture toughness.

2.024 Emissivity. 3.02721
2.025 Damping capacity.
Plane-strain fracture toughness of a plate (laboratory-
air-melt) with additions of sWcon and chromium,
Fe
2.03 Chemical Properties 3.028
Figure 3. 02721.
Combined properties.
0.3 c
Slmllar to 4340 and 300M. 1.8 Ni
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Varlo118 Temperatures
2.04 Nuclear Properties 3.031 Tension. 0.8 Cr
3.0311 Stress -strain diagrams.
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 3.0312 Effect of cycllc exposure and teat temperature on tenslle 0.4 Mo
properties of bar, Figure 3. 0312
3.01 Specified Mechanlcal Properties 3.0313 Effect of test temperature on tenslle properties of a plate 0.07V
3.011 AMS specified mechanlcal properties, Table 3.011. (tempered at 1050F) with aillcon and chromium additions,
Figure 3. 0313. 4330
TABLE 3.011 3.032 Compression.
3.0321 Stress -strain diagrams. V Mod
Source AMS(1) 3.033 Impact.
Alloy 4330Mod 3.0331 Effects of test temperature, aootion size and test direction
Form Bar, forging on impact strength of bar, Figure 3. 0331.
3.0332 Effect of tempering temperature on the impact properties
Condition 1540 to 1560F, OQ +GOOF mlnlmum
' of plate at+ 30F, Figure 3.0332.
Thlckness - inch <2 3.034 Bending.
3.035 Torsion and shear.
Hardness RC, mill 45 3.036 Bearing.
Impact - ft lb 3.037 Stress concentration.
Izod, m1n 15 3.0371 Notch properties.
3.03711 Effect of tempering temperature on tbe crack strength of
3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature forged bUlet at two test temperatures, Table 3.03711.
3.021 Tension.
TABLE 3.03711
3.0211 Stress -strain d1agrams.
3.0212 Effects of specimen location and tempering temperature Source (22)
on tenslle properties of a large forglng, Figure 3. 0212. Alloy Fe-(0.3C)-1.8N1-D.8Cr-D.4 Mo-D.07V
3.0213 Effects of as-quenched section size and tempering temper Form
ature on tenslle properties of bar, Figure 3.0213. Forged BUlet
3.0214 Effects of silicon addition on teuslle properties, Condition A118tenltize, OQ +Temper, AC
Table 3.0214. Tempering Temp. 450F 625F
TABLE 3.0214 Test Temperature RT ~5F RT ~5F
Source (15, p. 2)
Crack strength - ksi 98 54 77 52
Alloy Fe-(0. 3C)-1. BNi-D. 8Cr-D. 4Mo-D. 07V (T orientation) 103 56 77
Condition 1650F, OQ + Temper 109 61 84
Tempering temper 113 89
GOOF 1050F 114 100
Direction T. T L T 102
Ftu - ksi
Fty -ksi
e(2 In) - percent
248.3
206.0
7.6
247.3
206.0
7.0
191.7
172.2
12.2
191.4
174.7
11.5
iLJ
f-a inch ..
1.06 lncb

lr 0.188 inch
thick

3.0215 Effect of silicon and chromium additions on the tenslle

properties of plate, Figure 3. 0215.
3.022 Compression.
3.0221 Stress-strain diagrams. 3.0372 Fracture toughness.
3.023 Impact. 3.03721 Plane-strain fracture toughness of forglngs at two teat
3.0231 Effects of carbon content and tempering temperature on temperatures, Table 3.03721.
impact strength of bar, Figure 3. 0231.
3.0232 Effect of specimen location and tempering temperature on TABLE 3 03721
impact strength of bar and forgings, Figure 3. 0232. Source (23)
3.0233 Effects of as-quenched section size o.nd tempering Alloy Fe-(0.3C)-1. 8Ni-o. 8Cr-D.4Mo-D. 07V
temperature on impact strength of bar, Figure 3.0233. Form Forgings
3.024 Bending.
3.025 Condition Heat Treated to F tu a 220 - 240 ksi
Torsion and shear.
3.0Z6 Bearing. Test Temp. 70F ~6F
3.027 Stress concentration. Direction L T L T
3.0271 Notch properties
3.02711 Effects of carbon content and tempering temperature on KJc -ksNin 61 39 40
notch strength of bar, Figure 3.02711. 52 41 41
3.02712 Effects of specimen location and tempering temperature (Center - cracked 42

IIID.
on notch strength of a large forging, Figure 3. 02712. specimens) 48
3.02713 Effects of specimen size and teat direction on notob 49
strength of bar at varlol18 strength levala, Figure 3.02713 50
3.02714 Effects of stress concentration tempering temperature,
specimen ~lze and test direction on notch strength ratio
of bar, Figure 3.02714.
3.02715 The 100 hour rupture strength for cadmium-plated
"W a 1.5 inch to 3.4 inch ; 2a/W 0.4 to 0.5 ; 0.2 inch thick.
notched ban as a function of tempering temperature (Bl<ilept 0.4 inch thick)
and stress concentration, Figure 3. 02715
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1969

, - - - - - - - . 3.03722 Effect of test temperature on plane'iltrain fracture

Fe toughness of plate wlth slllcon and chromium additions,
(tempered at GOOF), Figure 3. 03722.
0. 3 c 3.038 Combined properties

1.8 Ni 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties

0.8 Cr 3.05 Fatigue Properties

3.051 Room temperature fatl1.,.1e properties Of heat treated bar,
0.4 Mo Table 3.051.
0.07 v TABLE 3.051
Sou:roe (18, p. 92-98)
4330 Form 4lncbbar
V Mod Condition 1600F +Temper 1 bour to Ftu bolow
Ftu- ksl Method Stress Stress Fatigue strength
Ratio Concen- ks1 at cycles
tratton 3. 052 Room temperature fatigue properties of forged billet,
A R 105 106 107 Table 3.052.
201 Rotating 00 -1 Smooth 105 65 85 TABLE 3.052
222 Beam Kt=l 105 90 90
236 115 95 90 Source (22)
250 120 95 90 Alloy Fe-(0. 3C)-l. 8Nt-O. SCr-o. 4Mo-D. 07V
263 130 95 80 Form Forged Billet
201 Notched 50 40 40 Condition Heat Treated to Ftu = 220 - 240 ksl
250 Kt;= 8 60 50 50 Stress Concentration Kt=3
263 65 65 65 Stress Ratio R=O.l, A=0.82
- Maximum stress-ksl Fatigue Life
lav. of 41 cvcle
Axial Load (L) 150 4,4 X 10~
1.- 130 7.8xlo3
1,3 X 104

~~H
118
100 2,0 X 104
R= 82 6,0 X 104
600 .016 70 1.1 X lOS

Ytj8 60 1.0:; loG

3. 053 S-N curves for effect of double tempering on smooth

and notched bars, Figure 3.053.
3. 054 Rate of fatigue crack propagation ln forgings (Ftu
= 240 ksl) ln air at room temperature, Figure 3. 054.
3.055 Rate of fatigue crack propagation ln forgings (Ftu
= 250 ksl ) ln air at room temperature, Figure 3. 055.
3. 056 Fatigue and burst properties of pressure vessels
machined from forgings, Table 3. 056.
TABLE 3.05d

Source (15, p. 2- 4)
Alloy Fe-(0,3C)-1.8Nt-o.scr-o.4Mo-o.o7v
Form Forgings (1,45SI)
Condition - 1650F, OQ + Temper
Tempering Temperature 600F 1050F
Specimen Type Capped 0pP.n Capped Open
Cycling pressure, pel 7725 6180 7725 6180 8370 6975 5580 6975 5580
Cycles to lead 3417 8890 2889 7380 2660 3835 12,031 2809 6170
Burst pressure, pel 9300 9200 8800 9200 85~0 8400 8300 7700 8000

-a-
Hoop stress at burst - ksl 171 171 164 164 155 153 144 135 133
I

--- - r:;;-.., - ...

fu
...
. .
Capped- ,..... - ..
0
CD
0
0
0
..;
. .

Q:5.oo~noh~ 1.--- 7 .oo Inch --I

( 2: 1 Blax1al Stress ) 7. 00 Inch ( Hoop Stresa Only )
 l"tRR OUS ALLOYS

.....
\& 3.06 Elastic Propert ies (see 4335V Mod. and 4340, 4337)
3.061 Poisson 's ratio.
3.062 Fe;o; 3C)-1. SNi-o. scr-o.4 Mo-o. 07V
Modulus of elastici ty.
3.063 Modulus of rigidity .
1-JNCH THICK CEVM PLATE (0.30C) Fe
1600F, 1 HR, OQ +TEMP ER (2 + 2 HR), AC
280
0.3 c
4. FABRICATION (see 4340, 4337) 1.8 Ni
4.01
4.02
ForDII!bllitv
Machining and Grindin g
c~"'" 0.8 Cr
240
0.4 Mo

.. ""
4.03 Welding
4.04 FTU
4.05
Heat Treatme nt
Surface Treatm ent ~ 0.07 v
240 t:--.. 200 ;
~ !-< 4330
200 "
r;_ 160
~
V Mod

"'-. FTY
)
~
~ 160 ~'
~
eL
~
~
OT

120
80

40 ~

~
~~ -
RA _J
~
0

r------r------~-----
r----~------~----~32

Fe-(0.3 C)-1.BN 1-o.scr- o.4Mo- o.07V

0
-
u
e(2 IN)
g
~ ~
40

BAR 0 .A
v
l
1550 TO 1600F, 0Q + TEMPE R 0 400 600 800
1000 1200
280 TEMPE RING TEMPE RATUR E - F
FIG. 1.0573 EFFEC T OF TEMPE RATUR E ON THE TENSILE
PROPER TIEB OF PLATE (10)

~
I
240 t----r ----i- ----1- ----"F <:::... .::.0.. ..--+- -----1 200 ~
~

200
~
I
><
!-<
~
160

0
0.305C, 11/4 INCH (9)
0.30 C, 3/4 INCH (7) 60,.----..----------
Fe-(0.3 C)-1.8N l-o.scr- o.4Mo- o.07V
"'
1::.
~} 0.32C, 4 INCH (8)
120
80

40
!-<
z
f<l
~ 0
f<l
40
Po
301~----~-
---~------------~
0 8 16 24 32
DISTANCE FROM QUENCHED END -SIXTE ENTHS
IN
0
0 FIG. 1.061 END QUENCH HARDENABlLITY (12)
1200
... ..,
)
-::
TEMPE RING TEMPE RATtffi E - F
FIG. 1.0572 EFFEC T OF TEMPE RING TEMPE RATUR E ON TENSIL
E
PROPER TIES OF BAR (7, p. 11) (8, p. 30) (9)
' v...,,'
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1969

200
Fe-(O,SC)-1. am-o. 8Cr-o.4Mo-o. 07V
Fe Fe-(O.SC)-1. BNt-o. 8Cr-D.4Mo-D. 07V
1lARS (L)
BAR
0.3 c 1550F, 0Q (0.305C)
180
1700F, AC + 1550F, OQ (IN SIZES SHOWN)
DIAME'IER, INCH +TEMPER AT 1200F, AC
1.8 Ni
~ _2..

--
0.8 Cr ~~ ""' 9
4
~
r 160 FTU
0.4 Mo
~ FTY~
0.07 v
140
:-::--~---.. ~
4330
V Mod
40
2 1 0 1
DISTANCE FROM CENTER -IN
2 ----....
FIG. 1.062 HARDNESS DISTRIBUTION IN OIL QUENCHED RA
60
BARS OF DIFFERENT DIAMETERS (13)
~

~ 40
HALF-RADWS POSITION
fol FOR BARS
&!fol 1 1/2 INCH DIAMETER
Ill
e(2 IN)
20

0
1 3 4 2 5 6
BAR DIAMETER -INCH
FIG. 1,064 EFFECT OF AB QUENCHED SECTION SIZE ON
THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BARS TEMPERED
AT 1200F (5,p.79)

.:.... ... /

220 Fe-(O.SC)-1.8Nt-o.scr-o.4Mo-o.07V
Fe-(O.SC)-1. 8N1-D. 8Cr-6.4Mo-o. 07V
BARS (L) 1),320 - 12 INCH DIAMETER FORGING
280
1700F, AC + 1550F, 0Q (IN SIZES SHOWN) 1625F, 4 HR, AC + 1600F, 4 HR, 0Q + TEMPER
+ TEMPER AT 1000F, AC 2x3HR
20 0 Clol
~
18 0
1-- - 1---
-=::r---_ -
FTU 240
FTU
I~

16 0
HALF-RADIUS POSITION
FOR BARS
1 1/2 INCH mAMETER
---- ~200
.A..

FTY
"'-
~
<> <> 16 0
0
L
T QUENCHED AS
RA TUBE WITH 9 INCH lD
6 o_ t:. T, FLASH LINE

120

0 0
.. RA

20
e(2 IN)
0
0
~
"' - .. .I!.

e
_;;,
.A
~

0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 0 200 400 600 800 1000
BA.'l DIAMETER -INCH TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F
~.
FIG. 1.063 EFFECT OF AB QUENCHED SECTION SIZE ON
THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BARS TEMPERED FIG. 3,0212 EFFECTS OF SPECIMEN LOCATION AND TEMPERING---
AT 1000F, (5,p.78) TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF A LARGE
FORGING (14, p. 20)
 l'lt.VIS~D: MARCH 1969 t-t.I1HOUS ALLOYS

Fe-(0,3C)-1,8N1-o. 8Cr-o,4Mo-o. 07V

l : - - - + - - - l f - 0,305C-11/8 TO 4 1/4 INCH BAR 240 Fe
1600F, 1 + 1550F, OQ
0.3 C
Fro
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
0.4 Mo
fJ 200
0.07 v
I Fe-(0. 30)-1. BNl-o. BCr-o. 4Mo-o. 07V
~ 1 1/4 INCH BAR
DIAMETER OF QUENCHED BAR; O e 0 250 }2HEATSEACH
4330
60
e 4 INCH } 0.505INCHDIAMETE R VA 0.30C V Mod
A 3 INCH MIDWAY L 1550F, 0Q
"" 2 INCH SPECIMENS
0 0.531NCH
~ 40~~-1~~-+-~~-r~~~~~

RA
"'""

IEIZODV

500 600
700 BOO 900 1000
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3,0213 EFFECTS OF AS QUENCHED SECTION SlZE AND TEMPERING FIG. 3. 0231 EFFECTS OF CARBON CONTENT AND TEMPERING
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR (13) TEMPERATURE ON IMPACT STRENGTH OF BAR
(14, Fig 126)

280
Fe-(0. 30)-1. BNl-o.scr-o. 4Mo-o. 07V
1 INCH THICK PLATE
~ORY AIR MELT)
j Fro
240
0.31C, 1.59Sl, 2.04Cr
~
1700F, 1 HOUR, OQ + TEMPER 1 HOUR, ~
AC (4 HOUR FOR SPECIMENS AT 1050F) I

r..i::
240 200
"'\ Fe-(0.3C)-1. SNI-o. 8Cr-o.4Mo-o. 07V

~ 200
v-- ~ """ 160
e L
OT
} 0.32C,
BAR FORGING
1600F, OQ + TEMPER

121NCHDIA

~~
I
T, FLASH LINE (14) FORGING
~ "'RIM L
rs.

160
~
40 "" CENTER L
6 RIM
V CENTER T
T

0,30C, 3/4 INCH BAR

} 0.32C, 41NCH BAR
(8)

(7)
60
20 .......
_.,
/ 0.
_._
.I_

- -
--

40 ./'
RA l,../" ~> lECHARPYV
>
_.A
I'<
~
~
1&1
p..
20
e(2 IN)
...-' ~
/
20 ~ -. ~ ~
~
v
0
500 600 800 700 900 1000
0
0
lor

200 400
- 600
"".tl
800 1000
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F TEMPERING TEMPERATURE -F
?IG. 3,0215 EFFECT OF SILICON AND CHROMIUM ADDmONS ON THE
FIG. 3.0232 EFFECTS OF SPECIMEN LOCATION AND TEMPER-
TENS1LE PROPERTIES OF A PLATE (L) ING TEMPERATURE ON IMPACT STRENGTH OF BAR
(16, p.5) (17) AND FORGINGS (18, p. 88-92)(7, p.l1)(14, p. 20)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVIS ED: MARCH 1969

Fe-(O.S C)-1. 8Nt-o. 8Cr-G.4 Yo-G.0 '1V

Fe 0.305C - 1 1/8 TO 4 1/4 INCH BAR
0.3 c 80 1 1
1550F, OQ
Fe-(O.S C)-1. 8Ni-o. BCr-o. 4Mo-G. 0'1V
0.32C - 12 INCH DIAMETER FORGING
320
1.8 Ni I I
1625F, 4 HOUR, AC + 1600F, 4 HOUR, 0Q + TEMP
TEMPERING TEMP - 1200F ax3HO UR
0.8 Cr N<ra'CB
60 STRENGTH
0.4 Mo
0.07 v .. UOOF
280

40
..___, ,___
433 0
V Mod
!::::: ~
900F.l
-
IE IZOD V (L, MIDWAY)
1000F

800F-'
i2 240

200
~~.212
l..
~60)"

r = 0.001
..............
QUENC HED'-. ...
AS TUBE
9INCH ID
e L
0 T
0 Kt=9 1::. T, FLASH LINE
160L-----~----~-----
0 1 2 3 4 -~----~----~--~
0 200 400 800600 1000
AS QUENCHED DIA -IN
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.0233 EFFEC TS OF AS QUENCHED SECTIO
N FIG. 3,0271 2 EFFEC TS OF SPECIMEN LOCAT
SIZE AND TEMPE RING TEMPERATURE ION AND TEMPERING
ON IMPACT STRENGTH OF BAR TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH STRENGTH OF A
LARGE
FORGING (14, p.21)
(13)

Fe-(0.3 C)-1.8N 1-o.8C r-G.4M o-o.07V

360 4 INCH BAR
1600F, 1 HOUR, OQ + TEMPE R,
1 JIOUR

Fe-(0. 3C)-1. 8Nt-o. 8Cr-G.4 Mo-G, 07V

360
BAR
1550 TO 1600F, OQ
NOTCH STRENGTH

280

~
240 -- ,,
'
.6. 0,305C , 5/8 INCH
D,INC H

(15)
o.30C, 3/4 INCH 160
~ ~\ 0.3
.6. L 0 5
200 (9) ;::,. T
y 0.32C, 4 INCH (10)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 120 L-------------------------~

160 200 240 280 320
TEMPERING TEMPE RATUR E - F
Fro-K BI
FIG. 3. 02711 EFFEC TS OF CARBON CONTE NT
AND TEMPERING FIG. 3.0271 3 EFFEC TS OF SPECIMEN SIZE AND TEST
TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH STRENGTH OF BAR
DIRECTION ON NOTCH STRENGTH OF
(7)(8, p.35)(1 9, p. 102)
BAR AT VARIOUS STRENGTH LEVEL S
(8)
 REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

""'
{')'
Fe(0.3C)-1.8Nl-o.acr-o.4Mo-o.07V
100
Fe
1.8 4niCHBAR
1600F, 1 HOUR, OQ + TEMPER, 1 HOUR
Fe-(0.3C)-1.8Nl-G.8Cr-o.4Mo-o.07V
1 INCH TWCK PLATE (LABORATORY
0.3 c
AIR MELT) (L) - (0.31C -1.(;951- 2.04Cr) I. '8 Ni
~1.4~~~~~~~-t~~~~~ 80
1700F, 1 HOUR, OQ +TEMPER, 1 HOUR,
AC 0.8 Cr
i:l *FOR TEMPERING TEMPERATURES
0.4 Mo
~Z I.O J:------l,.----l--+---+- -+---1
LESS THAN 950F, D = 0, 75 INCH
GREATER THAN 950F, D = 1.00 INCH ~I
0.07 v
)
E 1.4 1-f----1--+---t-1---1 --i---1
60

4330
=
~ '\457
V Mod

m t-=t=B
1.0
TEMPER TEMP -F 40
Tl 0 650
1D 500
6. 400
0.6
r VAR
- - - - DUCTILE

101
CONDmONS
3 5 10
20
500 600
FATIGUE CRACKED

700 800
.
900 1000
1 3 5
STRESS CONCENTRATION, K TEMPERING 'l'EMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.(!2714 EFFECTS OF STRESS CONCENTRATION, TEMPER- FIG. 3.02721 PLM!E STRAIN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF A :PLA'l'E
ING TEMPERATURE, SPECIMEN SIZE AND TEST ( LAR - AIR MELT) WITH ADDmONS OF SILICON
DIRECTION ON NOTCH STRENGTH RA'l'IO OF BAR AND CHROMIUM (16, p.5)
(18)

220 ....---....----..----.......- -......- .....

Fe-(0.3C)-1. 8Nl-o. 8Cr-o.4Mo-o. 07V
4 INCliBAR
200 1600F, 1 HOUR, OQ +TEMPER
Fe-(0. 3C)-1. 8Nl-o. BCr-o. 4Mo-o, 07V
280 1650F, OQ + TEMPER, 4 HOUR, AC
180

EXPOSURE AT TEST TEMP

e.A.1/2HOUR
V 20 HOUR (250 - 5 MINUTE
~ 140 CYCLES)
(1000 CYCLES)
.! ~
180

80 140
e Kt=3
Kt=5
... Kt = 10
120
40L----~--_._ _ _ _~---~---~
200 400 600 1000 80

TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F
800
...z
1&1
RA
FIG. 3.02715 'lHE 100 HOUR RUPTURE STRENGTH FOR ~ 40
CADMIUM-PLATED NOTCHED BARS AS A 1&1
llo
FUNCTION OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
AND STRESS CONCENTRATION, (20)
e (2IN)
0
0 200 400 600 800
TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.0312 EFFECTS OF CYCLIC EXPOSURE AND
TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF BAR (21, p. 36)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1969

Fe Fe-(0,3C}-1. BNl-6. 8Cr-6.4Mo-o. 07V

1 INCH tiDCK PLATE (LABORATORY
0.3 c 240
AIR MELT) (L)
(0.31C -1.59Sl- 2,04Cr) -1700F, 1 HOUR,
1.8 Ni r~ +TEMPE 4 HOUR, 1050F, AJ
~
0.8 Cr
0.4 Mo
200
"' r-.-. FTU

0.07 v
160
...............
r---- r---- F--.._
TY

t--
4330 60
RA -

V Mod ~
""
[;l 40 -
""
II<
I

20 e ( 2IN)
--
0
-200 -100 0 100 200 300
TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3,0313 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
4or-----------~-----------T~
PROPERTlES OF A PLATE (TEMPERED AT 1050F)
Fe-(0.3C)-1. 8Nl-D.8Cr-0.4Mo-o. 07V
WITH SlLICON AND CHROMIUM ADDITIONS (17)
BAR e

400F
0
40

40

IY' 4 3/4 INCH WADC TR 53-205 (7)

lOOOF i ~ } 4 INCH, WADC TR 55-103 (18)

0~----~~--~----~----~~
-400 -200 0 200 400
TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 3.0331 EFFECTS OF TEST TEMPERATURE SECTION '-
SIZE AND TEST DffiECTION ON IMPACT
STRENGTH OF BAR (18, p. 77)(9, p. 57)
 IVUn
REVISE D: MARCH 1969 FERRO US ALLOYS

."'-' .
t~J
Fe-(0. 3C)-1. 8Nl-o. 8Cr-o.4Mo- o.IYTV
1 INCH THICK PLATE (CEVM)
1600F, 1 HOUR, OQ + TEMPER, 2 + 2 HR,
Fe
AC 4000 0.3 c
~
E-< 1.8 Ni
r-.

~t
0.8 Cr
.L ~WEJ..OD
3000
[ 0.4 .l4o
80
3 IN 4 3/4 IN ~ 0.07 v
T 2000 r.1
E-<

~'
E-<
4330
~ BRITTLE PLATE
s= V Mod
!;: so 1000 :
I
:> ~
I>< 1=1

~ 40 eL
0
el
0 OT
el
20
IE CHAPRYV

o~v-~~----~----~----~~--~
40(1 600 800 1000 1200
TEMPERING TEMPERA TURE -F
Fe-(O.:IC )-1. 8Nl-o. 8Cr-o.4Mo -o. 07V
FIG. 3.0332 EFFECT OF TEMPERIN G TEMPERA TURE ON 11/8 TO 1 1/4 INCH BAR
THE IMPACT PROPERTI ES OF A PLATE (10) 1550 TO 1600F, OQ + TEMPER,
46 T047 RC

ROTATING BEAM

40
0 0.3000, 650FSING LE TEMPER
e 0, 305C, 650F DOUBLE TEMPER } (13)
.6. 0.300, 670F SINGLE TEMPER
A 0,300, 670F DOUBLE TEMPER } (9)

0~---
104
---~------~------~----~
100 105 106 107 108
Fe-(0. 3C)-l. 8Nl-o. 8Cr-O. 4Mo-o.IYTV
liN THICK PLATE (LAB AIR MELT) (L) NUMBER OF CYCLES
(0.31C -1.59Sl- 2.04Cr) -1700F, 1 HR, OQ + FIG 3. 053 S-N CURVES FOR EFFECT OF DOUBLE TEMPERING ON SMOOTH
80 TEMPER, 1 HR, 600F, AC AND .NOTCHED BAR (9, p. 14, 16){13)

~~ 60 f
FATIGUE
Jf'-; 0.75
-L
CRACKE~ 1---
I
s;
:.: v
40

20
v
-200 -100 0 100 200 300
TEST TEMPERA TURE- F
FIG. 3,03722 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERA TURE ON PLANE-
STRAIN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF PLATE WITH
- r.oN AND CHROMIUM ADDmONS (17)
 r-t:.KK UUS ALLOY S REVISE D: MARCH 1969

Fe Fe-(0.3C)- 1,8Ni-0.8C r-0.4Mo-o ,o7V

10-4
0.3 c FORGINGS, FTU= 240 KSI

1.8 Ni I.
1/
0.8 Cr
0.4 Mo
I
0.07 v
I J.
4330
V Mod
r-:1
.:I
1o-5

R = 0,05 t
'"'
~ 1- f = 120 CPM -1 1 - -
0
P:
r-:1 -
""
= -w .....
~ I
1
z
~ { 02a
<

'
~

10-6
t

J
0
0,2 INCH THICK
0,4 INCH THICK
J
I
IJ
10 20 40 100 200
KMAX=~
FIG, 3.054 RATE OF FATIGUE -CRACK PROPAGATION IN
FORGINGS (FTU 240 KSI) IN AIR AT ROOM
TEMPERI.TUIU: (23)
Fe-(0, 3C)-1. BN1-o. 8Cr-0,4Mo -o, 07V
LANJ)ING GEAR (FORGING), FTu= 230 KSI

0,19 INCH THICK

.!
R = 0.05
I
f= 120CPM
~
-
,. -
4
f( l -
:
2a -
H
............
-
J
I
i -w- -

10-6
) l
I I I I I I I II I I-
I I .I I I I II
10 20 40 100 200
, KMAX = KSI.{fif

FIG. 3,055 RATE OF FATIGUE -CRACK PROPAGATION IN FORGINGS

(FTu= 230 KSI) IN AIR AT ROOM TEMPERA TURE (23)
 REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe
0.3 c
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
0.4 Mo
0.07 v

4330
V Mod

REFERENCES

1. AMS 6427C (January 31, 1964)

2. Bendix Products Division, "Heat Treatment of Low Alloy
Steelf" (March 18, 1958).
3. DM:~ Memo 239
4. DMIC Report 119 (November 27, 1959)
5. Republic Stel!ll Corporation, "Mechanical Properties of
Alloy Steels ADV. 1&036-10M-266 (1961)
6. Bendix Aviation, "Personal Communication" Trodrian, J.
(October 12, 1959)
7. Klingler, L.J. Barnett, W.J., Frohmberg, R.P. and
Troiano, A. R., "The EmbritUement or Alloy Steels at
High Strength Levels", WADC TR 53-205 (July 1953)
8. Muvdl, B.B., Sachs, G. and Kllor, E. P., "Design
Properties of High Strength Steels in the Presence of
Stress Concentrations", WADC TR56-395, Part I
(December 1956)
\.,., 9. Bendix Aviation Corporation, "A Comparison of Two High
Strength Low Alloy Steels (May 6, 1953)
10. Puzak, P. P. et al, "Metsllurglcal Characteristics or
High Strength Structural Materials (Third Quarterly
Report), NRL Report 6086 (January 1964)
11. Vacuum Degassing in the Production of Premium -Quality
Steels (March 11, 1964)
12. MacLaren, A. W., "Personal Communication", United
States Steel Corporation Data Sheet (June 26 1959)
13. Republlc Steel Corporation, "Experimental Testing or a
lleat of Hlgh TensUe Alloy Steel" (September 22, 1949)
14. Ragland, F.J. Jr. and Barrett, G.N. Jr., "Evaluation
of Forging or 4330 Modlfied, 4340, and 9840 Stools
at Hlgh-8trength Levels'', WADC TR 54-89 (March 1954)
16. Carman, C,M., Armiento, D. F. and Markus, H.,
"Fracture Toughness and Pressure Vessel Performance"
ASME Paper No. 63-WA-138 (1963)
16. Baker, A.J., Lauta, F.J. and Wei, R.P. "Relationship
between Microstructure and Toughness in Quenched and
Tempered Ultrahlgh-8trength Steels" ASTM STP 370,
p.3 (1965)
17. U.s. Steel Corporation, Applled Research Lnboratory,
''Unpublished Data", communloation to R.P. Wei (1969).
18. Muvdl, B. B., Kller, E.P. and Sachs, G., "Design
Properties of High .Strength Steels in the Presence of
Stress-<:oncentration" WADC TR55-103 (January 1956)
19. Sachs, G. and Klier, E.P., "B.lrvey or Low-Alloy
Aircraft Steels Heat Treatod to High Strength Levels",
WADC TR 53-254, Part 5, (September 1954)
20. Kller, E.P., Muvdl, B.B. and Sachs, G., ''The Response
of High -strength Steels in the Range of 180 to 300 kai
to Hydrogen EmbritUement from Cadmium Plating",
Proc. ASTM, Vol. 58, pp. 597-622 (1958)
21. Sachs, G.,Muvdl, B.,and Klier, E.P., WADC TR 55-103,
Supplement 2 (1956)
22. General Dynamics Corporation, "Steel Alloy Selection for
F-111, JustUlcation Data for D6AC Steel", Report
_, FZM-12-408 (February 1964)
I
.. '>"' 23. Smith, S.H., Personal Communication, The Boeing
Company, Commerclal Airplane Division (October 29,
1968)
~EVISED MARCH 196!5 FERROUS ALLOYS FeUH

1. GBNBRAL
This steel is a development of 4330 and 4330V Mod. The TABLE 1.057
blgher carbon contellt appreciably IDcreasea the tensUe Source '~> -10.~~1"\- OM-O.RCr-n.~~u, Fe
aod yield strengths at low temperiug temperatures . The Condition 1611 -t<\!inF: .... -0-2V
no
alloy is used prlmarUy in a condition beat treated to Form of Product Temper Fru, ksl FTm:ksl 0.35C
Fry a 210 ksl minimum. It Is avaUable in the form of lmiD) miD)
sheet, strip, plate, bar, forgings and tubiug. It AMS6429 Bars, forgings, tube 400-SOOF 240 210 1.8 Ni
possesses good weldiug characteristi cs and the formabU!ty (vacuum melted) 2 hr (miD)
of the steel, I! spberoldized , is also good. AMS 6430Bars, forgings, tube 700F (mtDl 205 190 0.8 Cr
(special grade) 2 hr (miD)
1.01; Commercial Deslg!lation AMS643o Sheet, strip .and plat 700F(miD) 205 190 0.35Mo
4335 V Modl!ied. (special grade) 2 hr (miD)
1.02
AMS6435 Sheet; Strip and plate 400-SOOF 240 210 0.2 v
Alternate Designation (vacuum melted) 2 hr (miD)
4335 Modl!ied.
4335VM od
1. 03 Specification s
Table 1.03.
1.058 Alteroste beat treatment for sheet. 1635 to 1665F, 20
TABLE !.03 minutes, quench in sslt bath at 375 to 415F unrU metal
AMS Form reaches temperature of 400 to SOOF, bold 2 hours
. 6428 Bars, forgings, forging stock and minimum. This treatment produces less distortion tb.an
mechanical tubing oU quenching.
6429 Bars,. forgings, forging stock and
mechanical tubing (vacuum m~lt) 1.06 Hardness
6430 Bars, forgings, forging stock and 1.061 End quench hardenabUity , Fig. 1.061.
mechanical tubing (special grade) 1. 062 Effect of tempering temperature, quencbiug media and
6433 Sheet, strip and plate (sp.:ciai grade) melt method on hardness of sheet, Fig. 1.062.
6434 S:1eet, strip and plate
6435 Sheet strio and olate (vacuum melt\ 1.07 Forms and Conditions AvaUable
1.071 Alloy is avaUable in the full commercial range d. sizes
for sheet, Strip, plate, bar, forgiugs and tubiug,
1.04 Composition 1.072 Bar and forgings are avaUable in the normalized coodl:lon.
Table 1.04. Sheet and plate are avaUable ID various annealed conditions.
TABLE I 04 1.08 Melting and Castl!!g Practice
Blectrlc furosce air melt. Induction and consumable
AMS AMS electrode vacuum melts,
Source (1)(5) (2)(3)(4)(6)
Percent 1. 09 Special Consideratio ns
Percent
Min See 4340.
Max Min Max
Carbon 0.32 0.38 0.33 0.38 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Chromium 0.65 0.90 0.65 o,90
Manganese 0.60 0.80 0.60 0.90 2. 01 Thermal Properties
Molybdenum 0.30 0.40 0.30 0.40 2. 011 Melting range. 2645 to 2845F.
Nickel 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00 2. 012 Phase changes. Transformati on temperature from ferrite
Phosphorus
Silicon
- 0.040 - 0.010 to austenite,
0.20 0.35 0.40 0.60 Ac1 1310F
Sulfur
Vanadium
-
0.17
0.040
0.23
-
0.17
0.010
0.23
Ac3 1480F
Ms poiDt 575F
Iron Balance Balance Mf poiDt near 360F.
AMS 6434 gives 0.31 DetermiDed on specimens with 0. 35C, (11).
2.0121 Time-temper ature-transfo rmation diagram, Fig. 2. 0121.
1. OS Heat Treatment 2.0122 Time-temper ature-trana!o rmation diagram, Fig. 2. 0122.
1.051 Normalize. 1600 to 1750F, air cool. Normaliziug 2.013 Thermal conductivity. 29.2 Btu ft per (hr sq tt F).
temperature Is frequently kept low, (e.g. 1585 to 1615F, 2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2.014.
20 minutes). AMS 6428 gives 1690 to 17JOF. 2.015 Specl!lc heat. 0.16 Btu per lb F.
1.052 Full anneal~ 1585 to 161SF, 1 hour per incb thickness, 2.016 Thermal dlf!uslvlty
furnace cool to 1400F, continue furnace cool at 30F per
hour maximum to lOOOF maximum. 2.02 Other Physical Properties
1.053 Spheroldize anneal sheet and plate for maximum 2.021 Density. 0.283 lb percu in, 7. 83 gr per cu em.
formability. 1435 to 1465F, 10 hours, furnace cool 20F 2.022 Blectrlcal resistivity
per hour maximum to 800F maximum. 2.023 Magnetic properties. Alloy is ferromagneti c,
1. 054 intermediate anneal to remove strain hardeniug of cold 2.024 Emissivity
worked spheroidized sheet. 1200 to 1250F, 2 to 8 hours. 2.025 Dampiug capacity
1.055 Stress relief welded material. 1025 to 1075F, 30
minutes, furosce cool to 500F. 2.03 Chemical Properties
1.056 Austenitlze. 1600 to J650F, 20 miDutes per IDch thickness, SlmUar to 4340.
30 minutes minimum, air cool or oil quench. Below 1600F,
the properties may be Irregular. TensUe properties de- 2.04 Nuclear Properties
crease slightly with increasing austenltizing temperatures .
Normalizing should precede austenitiziug If steel has been 3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
p::evlously spberoldized .
1.057 Temper. 400 to SOOF, 2 hours miD!mum, to obtaiD 3.01 Specified Mechanlcal' Propenles
F IV 210 ksl minimum, and 700F miDimum for at least 3.011 AMS specification s
21iours to obtain Fry 190 ksl miD!mum, Table 1.057. 3.0111 AMS specification s for sheet, atrlp nd plate. Table
3.0111.

CODE 1205
PAGE
 Fe Soorce
TABLE a 011!
(4)(6)_
0.35 c Allov
Form Fe 0,35C 1.8Ni 0.8Cr-0 .35Mo 0.2V
Sheet stria and nlat~
1.8 Ni lr.nnA(tinn 1600 to 165U F, 1 hr, 0Q +
>700F 2hr
1M n '<M 10'_ ? ~r
0.8 Cr Thickn ess ID < 0.070
> 0.070 to >0.249 to
0.249 0.349 > U.349 >0.070
fFtu, miDIcsi > 0. 070 to 0. 249
0.35M o 205 20S 20S 205 240
> 0.349
Ff]' miDIcsi 190 190 240 24U
190 190
0.2 v e( ID) miD-percent 5 6 8 10
21U
5
210
6
21U
8

4335 V Mod 3' 0112 AMS specUic ations !or bars, !org1ngs stock
Table 3. 0112.
or bUlets, 3.02135 Effect ol temper ina time and temper ature and
time of
austenl tlzlna on tensile propen ies of sheet a.nd
plate
austenl tlzed at 1650F, Fig. 3.02135
.3.02136 Effect of temper lng temper ature a.nd
quenchina media
TABLE 3 0112 and melt method on tensile propen les of sheet,
Fig.
I Source 3.02136 ,
.AllnV
(2 I (3)
F..t0.3SC:I- . RNI-n.Rr.r-n_ ~~Mn-n-?
3.02137 Effect of temper1ng time a.nd quenchl
na media on tensile
propert ies of sheet, Fig. 3. 02137.
!600 to 1650F, I hr, OQ + 3.02138 Effect of temper1ng temper ature
Condition > 700 F 2 hr on uolaxlal and biaxial
400 to 5M I' 2 hr tensile stress propen les of sheet, Fig. 3,02138
Form Bar 1: Forging s, Bar l~.::gl ngs, 3,0214 Effect ol temper1ng temper ature a.nd time on
.
Stock Billets Qt'ila>a tensile
'J1ticJcnPSS I!J Not ven propert ies of bar.
Ftu min - ksi 3.02141 Effect of quench1ng and temper
240 205 ina temper ature on tensile
F7J' miD - Jcsi
e( 0) miD-pe rcent
210 !90
propen les of bar, Fig. 3.0214 1.
3,02142 Effect of temper lna time and
IO(L) 1 7('!) IO(L) 1 7('!) temper ature on tensile
propen ies of bar, Fig. 3. 02142.
3.0215 Size effects on tensile propen ies.
3,02151 Effect of thickne ss on tensile propen
3.0!2 Fabric ators' specUied mechan ical propert ies, i~s of sheet and
Table plate, Pig. 3. 02151.
3.012. 3.022 Compre ssion
3,0221 Stress- strain diagram s.
TABLE 3.012 3.02211 StrelisBtraiD curve ID compre ssion
Source !or bar, Fig. 3. 02211.
Aero et 8 3.023 Impact
Allov Fe(O. 35C)I. 8NIO. 8CrU. 35MoO. 2V 3.0231 Effect of quenchlna and temper1ng temper ature
Sheet, StrJp, on Impact
Bar strengt h of bar, Fig. 3.0231 .
Form Plate Billet 3.0232 Effect of temper1ng time and temper ature on
Condition 1625 F, 0Q + 400 to 500 F, 2 hr minimum Impact
Strengt h of bar, Fig. 3,0232 .
Fry miD ksi . 210 210 3.024 Bend ina
L
. - 3.025 Terion and shear
T
e (2 In), minpe rcenl
210 - 3.0251 Effect of diamet er to thickne ss ratio on ultimat
strengt h of hollow cylinde rs, Fig. 3. 0251.
e shear
L 10 3.026 BearIna
T 6 - 7 3.027
3.0271
Stress concent ration
Notch propen ies , see also 3, 0272 and 3, 0371.
3.02711 Effect of temper1ng temper ature
3.02 Mechanical Propen ies at Roan Tempe rature on tensile propen ies and
notch strengt h of plate, Fig. 3. 02711.
3.021 Tension 3.02712 Effect of temper lna temper ature,
3.0211 Stress- atraiD diagram s meltina practic e and
sheet thickne ss on notch strengt.~ of sheet, Fig.
3.02111 Stress- straiD curve In tension !or bar, Fig. 3.02713 Effect of stress concen tration 3, 02712.
3. 02111. "" notch strengt h of sheet,
3.0212 Effect of austenl tlzina temper ature and time
on tensile Fig. 3.027!3 .
propert ies. 3.02714 Effect of temper ina temper ature
3.02121 Effect of austenl tlzina time and temper ature on notch strengt h of sheet
on tensile austenl tlzed at 1650F, Fig. 3. 02714.
propert ieD of bar, Fig. 3.02!21 . 3.02715 Effect of temper1ng temper ature
3.0212 2 Effect of austenl tlzina temper ature on tensile on notch strengt h of
propert ies plate austeui tlzed at !650F, Fig. 3.02715 .
of sheet, Fig. 3. 02122. 3.02716 . Effect of temper1ng time and temper
3.02123 Effect of austeni tlzlna time on tensile propert ature on notch
ies of sheet, mrengt h of bar, Fig. 3. 02716.
rig. 3.02123 . 3.02717 Effect of qcenching and temper lna
3.0212 4 l!f!ect of quenching time at 400F ID salt on tensile temper ature on notch
propen ies strengt h of bar, Fig. 3.02717 .
CJl slleet, Fig. 3. 02!24,
3.0272 Fractu re toughne ss
3.0212 5 Effect of homogenlzina and austeni tlzlna temper
ature on 3.02721 Effect of austenl tlzlna temper ature
tensile propert ies of sheet and plate, Fig. 3. on notch Strength and
02125. fractur e toughne ss of sheet, Fig. 3. 02721.
3.0213 Effect of temper ina temper ature and time on 3,02722 Effect of temper1ng temper ature
tensile
propert ies of sheet and plate. on notch strengt h and
3.02131 fractur e toughne ss of sheet, Fig. 3.02722 .
Effect of austeni tizina ond temper1ng temper atures 3.02723 Effect of temper1ng temper ature
on on fractur e toughness of
tensile propen ies of sheet, Fig. 3, 02131.
3.0213 2 sheet austenl tlzed at 1625F, Fig. 3,02723 .
Effect ol melting practic e and temper1ng temper 3.02724 Effect of temper1ng temper ature
ature on on fractur e toughness of
tensile propert ies of sheet, Fig. 3,02132 .
3.02133 plate austenl tlzed at1625 F, Fig. 3.02724 .
Effect of temperi ng time and temper ature and 3.02725 Effect of temper lna temper ature
time of on lractur e toughness of
austenl tlzlna on !ensUe propen i.,s of sheet and
plate sheet austenl tlzed at 1650F, Fig. 3,02725 .
austenl tlzed at 1550F, Fig. 3.02133 . 3.02726 Effect of temper1ng temper ature
3.0213 4 Effect of temperi ng time and temper ature and on fractur e toughness of
time of plate austenl tlzed at !650F, Fig. 3, 02726.
austeni tlzina on tensile propert ies of sheet and 3.02727 Effect of thickne ss on notch strengt
plate h and fractur e toughness
austeni tlzed at 1600F, Fig'. 3. 02134,
of sheet, Fig. 3.0272 7.
3.028 Combined propert ies

CODE 1205
PAGE 2
..""! ....
REVISED MARCH 196~ FERROUS ALLOYS FeUH

3,03 Mechalllcal Properties at Various Temperature s

3.031 Tension Fe(O. 3SC)I. 8NIO. 8Cr0.35MoU .2V
3,0311 Stress-strain diagrams 60 <ill. MAX" Fe

-r-.:::::
3.0312 Eflect of test temperature on teosUe properties of sheet, .. _j
Fig. 3; 0312. tJ 0.35C
3.032
3.0321
Compression
Stress-strain diagrams
"' C..M1NM
1.8 Ni
40
3.033
3.0331
Impact
Eflect of test temperature on Impact strength of plate, -- LIMITS OF HEATS, 0.34 TOO 36CU.:t5
TO 0. 3251, (15)(16)
0.8 Cr
Fig. 3,0331.
3.034 Bending I - ..L_ 0.35Mo
20
3.035
3.036
Torsion and shear NORM 1700F, A~.f~ (8) 0.2 v
Besrll.g + AUST 16SOF, OQ 4 (I)
3,037 Stress concentration
o 8
4335 VMod
3.0371 Notch properties 16 24 32 40
3.03712 Eflect of test temperature on net fracture stress and DISTANCE FROM QUENCHED ENDSIXTEENili IN
fracrure appearance of shear-cracke d sheet, Pig.
FIG. I. 061 END QUENCH HARDENABILITY
3.03712.
3, 0372 Fracture toughness (1)(8)(15)(16)
3, 038 Combined properties

3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Propertleu

3, OS Fatigue Properties
3.051 S-N curves for bar with various surface treatments.
Fig. 3.051.
3, 052 SN curves for smooth and notched bar, Fig. 3, 052.
3,06 Elastic Properties
3.061 Poisson's ratio. Dynamic bending, 0. 303. Static
tension, 0. 293.
3, 062 Modulus or elasticity, 30, 000 ksl.
3. 063 Modulus or rigidity, 11, 000 ksl.

4. FABRICATION
SlmUar to 4330 V Mod.

FormabUity
Severe forming or sheet and strip Is performed In the
spheroldlzed condition, with the hardness limited to
95 RB maximum.
4.011 Forging range. 20002200F, (19, p. 10).

4. 02 Mach!nlng and Grinding

Bar and forgings can be machined in the normaUzcd
condition, with additional tempering at 127SF r"lCommended
for best machlnablllty .

4.03 Welding
4.031 Flash welding or air melted plate results In reduced joint
erflclency when heat treated to maximum strength.
El'fects or nash welding nod temPering temperature on
tenslle properties and endurnnce limit of air melted
plate, Fig. 4.031.
4.032 Flash welding or vacuum melted plate results In better
joint efficiency Rnd considerably Increased endurance u
limit. El'fect of nash welding and tempering temperature ~ 44r-----+-----+---~~~~~~--~
on tensile properties aud endurance limit of vacuum
melted plate, Fig. 4. 032, ~
4,033 Multi-pass welding technique Is required for welding
"'
0. 220 Inch thick material. A SOOF preheat and a SOOF
post heat for 30 rr11nutes result8 In the optimum as-
~ 40r---~---+----+---~~~
welded weld ductUity, (30),
I AUSTIN SALT 162SF, 30 MIN
4.034 Tests or welded 0, 093 Inch sheet, contalnlng weld repairs
after heat treatment, show Ftu reduced 20 to 30 ksl and
Fry reduced 10 to 15 ksl, Fracture toughness of repair
weld after heat treatment generally was better than a
normal heat-treated weld, (31).
36
AIR MELT

VACMELT
je SQ. 400F, 5 MINt 0.09S IN
~ OQ, RT
AUST- 1575F
20 MIN, 0Q. t c 0. 109 IN
Y40MIN, 0Q. t=0.0901N
(18)

(21)
. CEY.ul.W.T..~Jl.MJN....OQ.....l c '
4.04 32
Heat Treatment 0 400 600 800 1000
4,05 Surface Treatment
TEMPERING TEMP - F

FIG, 1.062 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPI!RATURB,

QUENCH!~ MEDIA AND MELTMB1ll OD
ON HARDNESS OF SHEET (18, p, 23-25)
(21, p. 10)

CODE 1205
PAGE 3
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 196~

1600
Fe
Q35C
f------
Ae3

11e1
------ ---------------
Fe(Oo 35C)-l, 8NlO. 8Cr-0.35Mo-O. 'ZV
-
1.8 Ni
f..----- ----- -;::.::.;-- ~
- --
1200
0.8 Cr A '---- ~ F+C .... ~A+F+C
Q35Mo
0.2 v "'
0
Ao 800
_C' -
~------
! ) (
4335VMod -Ms I---
Bt..V
400
Mt

0
1 10 102 Io4 loS
TIME SECONDS

FIG. 2.0121 TIME TEMFERA'ruRE TRANSFORMATION DIAGRAM (11, Fig. 8)

1600
Fe(0.3SC)-l. 8Nl-U. 8CrD.Z SMoD. 2V
JIUl>"T 1650 F o
-----
Ae3
r-- - - - 1 - - - - r- - -_:::: -
--;:-- ----- --~ --- .....
1200 _......
~~ J\
F+C
-.;;-

_C_ JI+F+C

Ms _:J { F+C
Mf ........... ~'

0 1 10

TIME SECONDS

FIG. 2. 0122 TIME - TEMPI!IIJITURE -TRANSFORMATION" DIJ\GRJ\M (25, p. 19)

IL

...~ sr----~----r---~r---~r---~~~-i--i
::;
~ 7r----4-----+~~~~~~~~=~~~,
~

0 200 600 800 1000

TEMP F

FIG. 2.014 1llERMAL BXPANSION (11)(17)

CODE 1205
PAGE 4 ''..
 REVISED MARCH 196!5 FERROUS ALLOYS FeUH

l',./i 2~ ~~~~-~1.~8~M~~~.~w~r--~o~.3~5~o~~.%V~
AUST 1525 F, 1 HR, OQ RT Fe(0.35C )-1. 8MO. 8Cr-O,J5Mo~. %V
TBMPHR 465 F, 2 HR, AC ~ 0.095 IN SHI!BT d Ao .
AUl) IN SALT Mlfll,
Fe
SQAT40 0F, 5Mifll, AC 0.35C
TBMPBR 500 F, 2 HR
,..... 1.8 Ni
~'ru
0.8 Cr
0.35Mo
200
FTY 0.2 v
~ 10
u e (21N) 4335VMod
~ 0
lSOO 1550 1600 1650 1700
AUSTBNITIZINJ TBMP- F

FIG. 3,02122 BFFBCT OF AUl>T.I!NITIZI!IIl

TBMPBRATURB ON TBNSILB
PROPBK1li!S OF SH.I!BT
(18, p. 19)
280
Fe(0,35C)-1.8M-0.8Cr-tl.35Mo-O,%V I T
0.095 IN SH BT AUST 1625 F, SQ AT 400 F,
0 0.012 0.016 5 MIN, AC, TI!MPBR 500 F,
2HR
l>'TRAIN - IN PBR IN
FIG. 3.02111 l>'TRI!SS-l>'TRAIN CURVB IN
TBNl>10N FOR BAR
FTU r-
(23, p. 50, 51)
200

10
F
TY - t-e

e(2 IN) - 1...-e

0 5 10 20 50 100 200
TIM!! - MINUTES
Fe(O. 3sc;S_l. 8M -o. aer-o. 35Mo-o. %V FIG. 3.02123 BFFBCT OF AUSTBNITIZI!IIl TIMB ON TBNSILB PROPBRn

.
fa/41NBAR .I!S
AUST OF SHBBT (18, p. 20)

: ~ HR
280
Fe(0.35C )-1.8M-0 .8Cr-0.35 Mo-o.%V
0.095 n SHBBT
.!. j_
280 AUSTIN SALT 1625 F, 15
OQ. TI!MPBR 450F, 2 HR MIN, SQ 400 F, AC, TI!MPBR
SOO F, 2 HR
Fro

~
FTU
--
200
Fn
..." 200
FTY

e
1550 1600

AUSTBNITIZINJ TBMP- F
1650 1700
u
~
~
10

0
5 10 20
e (2 IN)

50 100
-
200
FIG. 3.02121 BFFBCT OF AUSTBNITIZINJ TIMB TIMB - MINUTBS
. AND TI!MPBRATURB ON TBNSILB
PROPBRTIBS OF BAR (23, p. 39) FlO. 3.02124 BFFBCT OF QUBNCHINJ TIMB .\T 400 FIN
SALT ON
TBNSlLB PROPBRnBS OF SHI!BT (18, p. 22)

CODE 1205
PAGE 5
 REVISED MARCH 196 5

0.09 3 IN SHE ET
Fe 280

Fe(0,3~1,8Nl-O.
SCr-0,35 Mo- 0,2V
F 0.22 0 IN PLATE
0.35 c rolr:mo:a
1.8 Ni 240

0.8 Cr
ro. --
"" FTY
A
~
0.35 Mo :0.:200 FTY

0.2 v HetdOGENI~
I HetdOGENIZE 15 t. IN, FC
T01 550 F, AC
15 MIN
FC TO 1500 F, AC AIJST 1 HR, SQ. 375-.j()()
F
160 TEMPER 500 F 2 + 2 HR
433 5V Mo d

!z 10

~18
Nal"IHGtdOGEL.:~m
50~
lZl 1900 1
F HetdOG ENI:Gl!D
u ... 1950 I
~ 2050 F e(21 N)
0
1500 1600 1700 1500 1600 1700 1800
A IJ~jEm'!ZJN:; TEMP - F
FIG. 3,02 125 EFF ECT OF HetdOGENIZI
N:; AND AIJl:.jENJ11ZJN:;
TEMPHRATIJRB ON Tl!NSILE
PROPERTIES OF
SHE ET AND PLATE
(20, p, 35,3 6)

Fe-( 0. 35C) -1. 8NlO. 8Cr-O.

SMoO. 2 280
SHEE
1620 F, 1/2 I!R, OQ +TE MPE ~,
R 2 HR
~~~~~----+-----
!----~,_---,24
0
Fe-( 0. 3 C) -1. 8Nl-U. 8Cr- O.
~5Mo-O. 2V
SHEET, 0. 3 280
1550 TO 1650 F, OQ
FTU +TE MPE R, 2 HR

~----}-----~~~~---
-f-----1240~

~40 1-A-U_ST_E_N_,_T_EM_P_
.
:.:

1550 p 120
~ ... 1600 p
-::: 200 l-"':::..:.:16::5::.o.:..rt---+---t-=-~.
.a
E 160 l20 4
e
.095 1NA IR MEL T, 0,36
0.06 3 IN AiR MEL T, 0.35
C
C
o 0.06 3 IN CONSUME BLBCTR
ODE
80~-+~V~A~C~ffi~~~M==E~L
~T~,r0.~3~5C~-f----~~~--
i

e (21N)
oL----J-----L-
0
---J-----~--~
200 600 e(2 IN)
800 1000
OIL_~.j()()~----76 ou~----800~----7.l00
TEMPERIN:; TEMP - F 0~----~~2~00~--~~~~
FIG. 3.02131 EFF ECT OF AUSTENITIZ TEMPERII':l TEMP - F
IN:; AND TEMPERIN:;
TEMPERATURES ON TEN
SILE PROPERTIES OF FIG. 3.02 132
SHEET EFF ECT S OF MELTIN:; PRA
U~
CTICE AND TEMPERI(I(J
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF SHE ET
(ll, p. 844-846)

CODE 120 5
PAGE 6
 FERROUS ALLOYS
FeUH
REVISED MARCH 196!5

280 .35C)-t.8Nl-o.scr-o,35Mo- o.w

0,093 IN SHEET F~

t ~~ 0.2201 PLATE

~~ .---Fe
F
FTU """<C.(((~TU
Q35 fl
~
200
FTY
~
~ - ~ ~
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
~ AUST1 HR
--.c(2!
AUST 1 HR
280 0.35Mo
.~ v
AUST 1 So F, .... FTU 0.2
~ b... SQ400F ~ P>,...
~
~
4335VMod

200
AU~T2HR

P'
~
TY

AUST2HR
~
~ ~
TEMPER TIME
~
280 1 -
1
A 1+1} HR ""<
b
2
~, 2+2 ~ ~ ~ FTU

240 FTU
~
..,_
~~~ ~
~
._
-
TY ~
t""'
200
AUST3HR ~ AUST3HR

~ 10 e p,_ e
~ Wh: ~ v~
tJ
gj AUST 1-3 HR AUST 1-3 HR
... 0
500 600 700 800 500 600 700 800

TEMPBRif\13 TI!MP - F

.
:;.

~-"';
FIG. 3, 02133 EFFECT OF TEMPERIN> TIME AND TEM-
PERATURE AND TIME OF AUSTENITIZif\13
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET AND
PLATE AUSTENITIZBO AT 1550F
(20, p. 46-48, 55 -57)

TBMPERif\13 TEMP - F

FIG. 3,02134 EFFECT OF TEMPBRJf\13 TIMB AND TEMPERATURE AND TIMB

OF AUSTENITIZlN> ON TENSILE PROPEKTIES OF SllEET AND
PLATE AUSTBNJTIZBO AT 1600 F (20, p. 46-48, 5557)

CODE 1205
PAGE 7
FeUH FER-ROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965

"......)

TEMPERII\G TEMP F

FIG. 3.02135 EPPBCT OF TEMPERII'G TIME AND TEMPERATURE AND TIME Fe(0.35 J,8N10,8Cr0.35Mo U,2V
OP AUSTENITIZII\G ON TEN~1LE PROPERTIES OF SHEET AND SHEET
PLATE AUSTENITIZED AT 1(50 F (20, p, 4951, 5860) AUSTIN SALT 162SF, 30 MIN
SQ. 400F, s MIN~t E 0.095 1N(I8)
AIR MELT & OQ,
RT
{ AUST JS75F
15 C 20 MIN, OQ}
1 0. 109 IN
VAC MELTYV 40 MIN, OQ t 0.090 IN (21)
CEV MELT ~40 MIN, 0Q 1 0. 080 IN

TI!MPERII'G TEMP F

FIG, 3, 02136 ~FFECT OF TEMP~RI~>K; TEMPERATURE

AND QtJEIICHIIIK; MEDIA AND MELT
METIICIO ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
SHEET (18, p. 2325)
(21, p. 10)

CODE 1205
PAGE 8
REVISED MARCH 196~ FERROUS ALLOYS

280 Fe(O. 35C) 1. 8NIO. 8CrO, 35MoU. 2V

.a... 0.095 IN SHEET
Fe

- --
F11J 0.35C
...._
1.8 Ni
FTY
0.8 Cr
0.35Mo
200

10
- e <}IN)
0.2 v

4335VMod

AUST 1625 F, 15 MIN

SQ. 400 F, 5 MIN, AC,TEMPER 500 F
160
... OQ. RT, TEMPER 400 F e 0Q. 2HR, AC, RT
A 0Q. 2 HR, COOLED T(J 120 F
20 50 100 200 500
e A TEMPER 2 HR, AC, RT
TIME MINUTES 120 TEMPER 2 HR, COOL TO 120 F
+TEMPER 2 HR, AC, RT
FIG. 3,02137 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TIME AND QUENCHING MEDIA CN 60
(18, p. 26) F, 0Q. HR
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET

RA
40

!iIll
0 20
01:
...
1:<1

0
~.00 300 400 500 600

QUENCH AND TEIIPERING TEMP F

FIG. 3.02141 EFFECT OF QUENCH!(\(; AND

TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
TENSILE PROPERnES OF BAR
(23, p. 45)

Fe(0.35C)-1. SNIO:SCr-0. 35MoO. 2V

3/4 IN BAR
FTil
~~
.._ -
... fTY~ ~
RA

AUST !525, I HR, 0Q

TEMPER
2
.. 4
1-- 8 HR
.,. 24 e

0
TEMPERING TEMP ~
400 425 450 475 500

EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEM TEMPERING TEMP .. F

FIG. 3,02138
PERA111RE ON UNIAXIAL AND
BIAXIAL TENSILE STRESS FIG. 3.02142 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TIME
PROPERni!S OF SHEET AND TEMPERATURE ON TENSILI!
(27, p. 4,5) PROPERTIES OP BAR (23, p, 41)

COOE 1205
PAGE 9
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965

Fe(0,3~, 8NIO. 8Cr0,35MoO, 2V

Fe 2BO ntBET A PLATE b.

0.35C FTU
lQ-.!' ... "'...
1.8 Ni li! 240
~--
-"

l<
0.8 Cr
0.35Mo PTY
_.t:.

0.2 v 200 AS RECEwBO CON m;N

eoMILLANN
46MILL SPHBROIDIZBD
HI!AT TREAThti!NI' L....:500:..:.:...:.F.:..,..L::....:4..:H..:R.;_..___ _.....__ __.
8
4335VMod 160
e4AUST 1625 F, I HR, SQ390P,
200 300
2 MIN, AC, TEMPBR 475 P, 2 Hf 500 600
Ob. SPHI!ROIDIZBD 1500 P, 10 HR, PC
TO 400 P, + 1225 P, 48 HR, AC QUENCH AND TEMPERING TEMP F
AUST 1625 F, 1 HR, SQ 400 P,
- TEMPI!R 450 P, 2 HR.
10 PIG. 3,0231 I!PPI!CT OF QUENCHING AND TEMPERING
~
al ~~ TEMPERATURE ON IMPACT STRI!NG1l! OF
u '11! e (2 IN) BAR (23, p. 48)
a:
Ill
0..
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3
.. -
0.4

THICKNESS IN

PIG 1. 02151 I!PP OCT OP 1lflCKNHSS ON

TI!NSILI! PROPI!RTII!S OF SHI!I!'f
AND PLAT!! (20, p. 28, 29)

280 \ ..-.
F e(O. 35C)l. 8NlO. 8CrO, 35MoO. 2V
Il/41NBAR
AUSf 1,525F, !HI\. 00. RT
TEMPER 465P, 2 HR, AC TEMPERING TEMP F

FIG. 3,0232 I!PFECT OF TEMPERING TIM!!

200 I AND TEMPERATURE ON IMPACT

STRI!NG1l! OF BAR (23, p. 44)

160 I
~
120

80 7
7
0
f7 CCI.l PR I!SSION
I
DIAMETER TO 1l!ICKNI!SS RATIO
0 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016
FIG. 3,0251 I!PPI!CT OF O!AMETI!R TO
STRAIN IN PI!R IN
niiCKNI!SS RATIO ON
ULTIMATE SHEAR STRI!NG1l!
FIG, 3. 02211 STRESS STRAIN CURVE IN
OF HOLLOW CYLINDERS
COMPRI!SSION FOR BAR (23, p. 52)
(23, p. 54)

CODE 1205
PAGE 10
 FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS

320 280
Fe(O. JSC)-1. 8Ni -0. 8Cr-O. 35MoO. 2
Fe-(0.35C)-I. 8NlO. 8Cr0.35Mo-0.2V
0.500 1N PJ.ATB, 0.3aC, T lil 0.063 1N SHEET, 0.33C Fe
:..: "'-.. !'-..
280
1575 F, OQ + TEM,:ER, 2 HR
1--1----1----11- --+--1 i5 240
/ 1600 F, 30 MIN, OQ+500 F, 2 Hf
0.35C
F ........._

~~~
~ 1.8 Ni
..."'a:
"'
:c
g
200
'IU '-..__
--- NOTCH
~ 0.8 Cr
0.35Mo
~ STR~r
T 0.2 v
160 I o L
0.045 0.014 0.007 0.004 0.0027 0.0019
4335VMod
400 500 600 700 I
I
I
3
I
5
r- li>l
I7 I
9
I
11
I
13
TEMPERING TEMP - F
STRESS CONCENTRATION - Kt
FIG. 3.02711 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMP-
ERATURE ON TENSU.E PROPERTIES FIG. 3. 02713 EFFECT OF STRESS CONCENTRATION ON NOTCH
AND NOTCH STRENGTII OF PLATE STRENGTH OF SHEET (13)
(7)

..... Fe-(0. 3SC) -1. 8NiO. 8CrO. 35MoO~~

.....
2
40 0.095 IN ,, 1620 F, 30 MIN, 0Q +TEMPER, zHR
SHE

0.036 C
e ~} NOTCH STRENGTH
AIR MELT
' ', o
-
F
TU

--
00
.._
~....

~
~ '\
60 __-v
~
~

~
20
40

"',
'
no ........ r < 0.001
~ K~ 17
280 r---~--~Fq~0.-3~SC)~-~-.-8N-l--O-.~OC-r---0.-3-SMTo---0.-2-V~
v

~~
0.093 IN SHEET
AUS'f 1650 F, I 1/3 HR, SQ 400 F
60 '----+.....:;:,.-lo=:----,-T..:..::EM:::..:.;PH::;R;2 + 2 HR < SUO F

'
240r 2 HR >SUO F
0. 063 IN, 0. 035 C
AIR MELT
20 't',.p
40
'-,

~ ~'
' ......
0

\~
2 0

h
'<.>-
H I>'TRI!I'}TH
'( 60 " K(17

ru .120 -
0. 063 IN, 0. 035 C
0
L
T
.
COtS EL VA~UUM MElT
r 0.001 MAX
.uoo 1200 1400 80
400 600 80U
400 500 600 700 8(l:l 900 1000
TEMPERING TEMP F
TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3.02712 EFFECT OF TEMPERII'} TEMPERATURE,
MELTil'} PRACTICE AND SHEET TIIICKNI!SS FIG. 3,02714 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH
ON NOTCH STRENGTil OF SHEET STRENG11i OF SHEET AUI>'TENITIZED AT !650 F
(12, p. 844-846) (20, p. 68, 69)

C~DE 1205
PAGE II
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965

Fe Fe(O. 35C) 1. 8N10. 8CrO. 35MoO. 'lV

280 1----1 ----+- 0,220 IN PLAT
0.35C FTU A UST 1650 F, 1 1/3 HR, SQ 400 F
TEMPER 2 + 2 HR < SUOF
1.8 Ni 2 HR > SUOF

0.8 Cr
0.35 Mo
0.2 v lil
L------ ':.0:
4335VM od

e L
o T
SOL-- -JL..-- .......1 ----L-- --L---- --'
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

TEMPERIN:l TEMP F QUENCH AND TEMPERIN:l TEMP F

FIG, 3,02715 EFFECT OF TI!MPERIN:l TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH
FIG, 3,02717 EFFECT OF QUENCHIN:l AND
STREN:JTH OF PLATE AUSTENITIZED AT 1650 F
TEMPERIN:l TEMPERATURI!
(20, p. 70, 71)
ON NOTCH STREN:JTH OF BAR
(23, p. 47)

2 40
F e(O, 35C)1, HNIO, SC.:rO. 35MoO. 2V
l>lll!l!T
I!MPI!R600F,1HR
~ 200~~:~~===-~~---+---~

~
160 NOTCH l>'TRI!N:lTH
1200

~
~ 1000
"'
~ T
~500 1600 1700 1800 1900

Alll>'Tl!NITIZI!D TI!MP F
TEMPERIN:l TEMP F
F'/G, 3.02721 l!FFECT OF AUSTI!NITIZIN:J
FIG. 3,02716 EFFECT OF TI!MFERIN:l TIME TI!MPI!RATURI! ON NOTCH
AND TEMPERATUR!! ON NOTCH S'l'REN:JTH AND FRACTURI!
l>"TREN:JTii OF BAR (23, p. 43) TOOOHNBSS OF l\liBET
.(28, P 11)

CODE 1205
PAGE 12
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS FeUH

280
...---r-::F;-:-e(:;;:O:-;3;;5C),;;--1:-.-;BN1~-<,o.sc;;:r:
, --o;;-,-;35~M:;.o=-;;-o,-:;2VU1
I 0,10 IN SHEET Fe
AUST 1650 F, 30 MIN, 0Q
0.35C
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
0.35 Mo
0.2 v

4335VMod
120

120D

~
a:
...Ill 800

"'-l
700 900 :?:
TEMPERIN::l TEMP F 400
400 SOD 600 700 800 900
FIG. 3.02722 EFFECT OF TEMPBRIN::l TEMPERATIJRE
ON NOTCH STREN::lTH AND FRACTURE TEMI'E RIN::l TEMP F
TOUGHNESS OP SHEET (29, p, 10)
FIG, 3.02724 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TBMPERATIJRE
ON FRIICTURE TOOOHNESS OF PLATE
AUSTENITIZBD AT 1625 F (20, p, 38,39)

Fe(O. 35C)-l. BNI-0. 8Cr0.35MoO. 2V

280 0.093 IN SHEET
AUIT 1650 F, I I/3 HR, SQ 400 P TEMPER
2+ 2 HR-< 500 F

::1 2H >SOD F
_._

.
240

u;
Ul
~

20D
.Ll.

NOTCHED STREN::lTH
~
~
- ~~
---........

0 -~
0

:.: 200 r-- _I -..

Ooll. L

160
160
160D
0.0. T t-3.0D-
-t0.75t-
1..1 0. 78. L I' o.oo
FTY' -
...t.
1 ~ ~ 0
::! !200 ~ ~
"' >
~ :It
~
BOD
400 SOD 60D 700 SOD 900 1000
TBMPBRIN::l TEMP - F
TEMPERING TEMP F
FIG. 3,02723 EFFECT OF TEMPERIN::l TEMPERATURE
FIG. 3.02725 EFF::CT OF TEMPER1N::l TEMPERATURE ON FRACTIJRE
ON FRACTURE TOOOHNF.SS OF SHEET
TOOOHNBSS OF SHEET AUSTENITIZI!O AT 1650 F
AUSTENITIZI!O AT 1625 F (20, p. 40,41)
(20, p. 61, 63, 64)

CODE 1205
PAGE 13
 r-euH
FER RO US ALL OY S REVISED MARCH 1965

Fe(0. 35C) -1. SN!-0. 8Cr-0 .35M o-0.2

Fe 0.220 IN PLATE
V 240~----~---
-T- ----~--~
Fe(0, 35C} I. SNI-0. SCr-0 , 35Mo-O. 2V
0.35 c AUST 1650 F, 1 1/3 HR, SQ 400
TEMPER 2 ~ 2 HR < 500 F
F SHEET
AUST 1575 F, 1 HR, OQ
1.8 Ni 2 HR > 500 F

0.8 Cr
0.35Mo
0.2 v
433 5VM od

0
THICKNESS- INCHES
FIG, 3,02727 EFFE CT OF THICKNESS ON NOTC
H
STRENGTH AND FRACTURE TOUG
HNESS
OF SHEET
(29, p, 20)

500 600 700 800 900 1000

TEMPERINJ TEMP F .
FIG. 3,027 26 EFFE CT OF TEMPERINJ TllMP
ERATURE ON FRACTURE
TOUGHNESS OF PLATE AUSTENJT
IZEO AT 1650 F
(20, p. 62, 65, 66)

160
~ 10
Ill
t)
gj
0. 0
200 0 200 400 600
TEM P F
FIG. 3.031 2 EFFJl..:T OF Tasf TEMPERATURE
ON TENS!i..., :>aoPERTIES OF
SHEET (22, p. 62)

CODE 1205
PAGE 14
 REVISE[): MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS FeUH

16 240 r----.-----r-----r----~--~
Fe(0,35C 1.8Ni0.8Cr0.35Mo0,2V Fe(0.35C)1.8NIO, 8Cr0.35MoO. 2V
Fe
1/2 IN PLATE
I I 3/41NBAR
AUST 1525 F, 1 HR
0.35C
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
0.35Mo
\
\ 0.2 v
~ I~ 1--.-;~-1----4---~1----1 ~ 120 1----+--':-,-+....:::~~~-....;;~---1
(-o
u.
\ 4335VMod
\ R. R. MQORE
8 80 r---~-~'rt--~--~1--~
-CADMIUM PLATED
--SHOT PEENED, CHROMIUM PLATED
AND GROUND
---- SHOT PEENED
40 --SMOOTH GROUND TO 16.-!n-RM.....,S--+----1

IE CHARPY V ---CHROMIUM PLATED AND SMOOTH GROUND

0.38 c --POLISHED LOll(; PER AIAARTC-W76
O ---MA HINE TO 250 RMS
~400 -200 0 200 400 103 104 105 1o6 107 108

TEMPF NUMBER OF CYCLES

FIG. 3.0331 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE

ON IMPACT STRENJTH OF PLATE FIG. 3,051 SN CURVES FOR BAR WITH VARIOUS SURFACE
(26, p. 14) TREATMENTS (23, p. 60)

K~~ 3?;~~E~ -o. scr-o. 35Mo-o. zv

4
AUST 1620 F, 30 MIN, ARGON
OQ. TEMPER 400 F, 2 HR
280 CROSS HEAD TRAVEL RATE
0.!!_1 IN/MIN

\ ... "'
..........
F:ru-
,. / ' I
240

r
\

~-
FTY
...... - ... \
......

Vi
:.t
200
NET
FRACTURE
STRESS ~
X_,_ .....
240r-----~~~~----~----~---,
Fc(0.35C)I. 8NtO. 8CrO. 35MoO. 2V
3/4 IN AND I IN DAR
AUST 1525 F, I HR
200 r----4!!1--\---1--::~:1. OQ TO RT,
160 TEMPER 465 F, 2 HR, AC

120 -"
l
RO -
;;-
80

B
SHEAR
~
UJ
u 40 I '\60"J'
a:
...
OE~
UJ 40

'
5
0 I
200 0 200 400 600 r
0
TEMP F Jo3 104 105 106 10; toB

FIG. 3.03712 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPEUATURE NUMBER OF CYCLES

ON NET FRACTURE STRESS AND.
FRACTURE APPEARANCE OF SHEAR FJ- . 3.052 SNCURVEl> F()P. SMOOTIJ AND NOTCHED
CRACKED SHEET (22, p. 63) DAR (24, p. 1215)

CODE 1205
PAGE 15
r-eun
FERR OUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965

Fe Fe(O. 35C)1. 8NIO. 8CrO. ~5MoO. 2V

~/8 IN PLATE (0.34C)A IR MELTED
0.35 c 1650 F, 1 HR, 0Q +TEMPER , 4 TO 18 HR

1.8 Ni
~80
--
0.8 Cr
:lA
.T ' "'
In 240
0.35Mo :.: F ~

~~
TU
0.2 v T METAL
200 oL FLASH
4335VMod AT W~LDED

~
tzl
u
~0
..
... ..A._
e (21N) .. .l>
a:
tzl
"' 0
... -ll
ENDURANCE LIMIT
120 PROT METHOD ROT BEAM

u;
:.: 80
1--
-.u
I
.,
....
e
....

Au

40
0 200 400 600 800 1000

TEMPERING TEMP F

FIG. 4.031 EFFECTS OF FLASH WELDING AND TEMPERING

TEMPERA TURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES AND
ENDURANCE LIMIT OF AIR MELTED PLATE
(14, p. 67)

Fe (0.35C)I. 8N!O. 8Cr0.35M oO. 2V

280 3/8 IN PLATE. 0.31 C
VACL'UM MELTED

lil
~ 1650 F, I HR, pQ+ TEMPER,
4 TO 18 HR
240
:.:

e L} PARENT
T METAL
~~
!'.....
~-FLASH
200
0
AT WELDED li
~tJ
a:
...
til
20

0
160
~ t11
e (2 IN)
-- J!

.. -.., ~
l
li!
:.: 120

80

0
ENDURANCE LIMirPRO T ~F.THOD,
VACUUM MELT
200 400
--
-...!il r---....
lf

OTBEAMI
~

600 800 J(IOO

TEMPERING TEMP F
FIG. 4.032 EFFECT OF FLASH WELDING AND TEMPEl lNG
TEMPERA TURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES .'.NO
ENDURANCE LIMIT OF VACUUM MELTED PLATE
(14)

CODE 1205
PAGE 16
 REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS FeUH

/
RBPBRB!oCBS
'i... .. )

1 AMS 6428 (June 15, 1953)

28

29
.
Bernatelll, H. K. IUid Youag, G. C., "Prcgresa Report em
Fracture Tougbness Te818 fl. High Streagtb Sheet Metals"
NAVORD Report 6496 WF-T-7-59, (May 18, 1959)
Bematelll, H. IUid Youag, G. C., "2od Prcgrees Report
Fe
2 AMS 6429 (June 30, 1960) oa Fracture Toughnesa fl. Hlgb Streagtb Sheet Metals",
Q35C
3 AMS 6430 (Jmuary 15, 1961) NAVORD Report 6496 (Part 21, NRL 108), (January 28,
4 AMS 6433 (Jmuary 15, 1961) 1960)
1.8 Ni
5 AMS 6434 (January 15, 1953) 30
6 AMS 6435 (June 30, 1960)
"WeldiDg 1blck Sectloa of 4335 V Type Low Alloy Steel", Q8 Cr
Aerojet General Corp., (October 15, 1962)
7 Aerojet-Gaeral Corporatioa, Material Data Sheet No. 31
p 2101, (January 17, 1959)
"Repair Weldlug 4335 V Type All")' Steel After Flllal 0.35 Mo
Heat Treatment", Aerojet General Corp., (Jmuary 15,
8 Aerojet-General Corporatioa, "Steel l'l&tea, Sheets IUid
Stripe; Cbromlwn-Nickei- Molybdezwm-Vma dlum",
1963) 0.2 v
Development Material Specltlcatioa, AMS - M:ISSa,
(July 14, 1958)
9 Aerojet-General Corporatioa, "List fl. Data Sheets IUid
4335VMod
Reporta oa AMS 6434, Alloy Steel", (1959)
111 Warga, J,J., ''Mechanical Properties of AMS t.434 Steel",
Aerojet-General Corporatioa, Report No. SRP 121
(Special), (June 19, 1958)
11 Gable, G. W., "Crltlcal Polllts &Ill Heat TreatmeJII: fl.
1 - 3/4 NICr-MoV Steel, Heat 654550" Republic
Steel Corporatloa, Y. S. 625, (December 12, 1958)
12 Bspey, G.B., Jones, M.H. and Brown, W.F., Jr.,
"The Sbarp P.dge Notch Te1111Ue Streagtb fl. Several Hlgb
Streagtb Steel Sbeet Alloys", AS'lld Proceedlugs, Vol. 59,
(1959)
13 Sachs, G. &Ill Sessler, J, G,, "llffec:t of Stress CODCentratioa
oa TaaUe Strength of Tltaalum and Steel Alloy Sbeet at
Various Temperatures", Symposium oa Low-Temperature
Properties of Hlgb-Strength Aircrllt &Ill MleaUe Materials,
ASTM STP No. 287, p. 122135, (June 30, 1960)
14 Kreger, J, &Ill Mayer, H., "Comparative Properties fl.
Air Melt and Vacuum Melt AMS 6434 Steel in the Ultra
Hlgb Strength TeDSUe Rauge", A.O. Smith Corporatloa,
Aeroaautlcal Division Report No. AD-282, (December
4, 1956)
15 MacLaren, A, W,, "Fersoaal Communlcatloa", Uall:ed
States Steel Corporatloa, (June 26, 1959)
16 Republic Steel Carporalloa,4335 V Mod., Data Sheet,
(May 28, 1959)
17 Aerojet-General, (1958)
18 March, J.L., "AMS 6434 (ModUiod) Steel Sbeet Material
Characteristics and Heat TreatmeJII:", American Car &Ill
Foundry Divisioa, ACF Industries, Major Report 458,
(June 18, 1959)
19 Climax Molybdenum Compaoy, "Ultra Strength Steele",
(1957)
20 Aerojet General, "Heat Treatement fl. a 4335 V Type Low
Alloy Steel", (October 15, 1962)
21 Campbell, J. B., "Steels for Lsrse Solid-Propellant
Roclcet Motor Cases", DMIC Rpt. 178, (November 20,
1962)
22 Morrisoa, J.D., Kattus, J. R., "An Investigation of
Methods for Determlalug the Crack-Propagatloa
ResletaiiCe of Hlgb Strength Alloys", Summary Tecbn!cal
Report, Southern Research lnstitute, (March 7, 1961)
23 Joaes, R. C., ''Materials - SAB 4335 (ModUied) Steel
260, 000 to 280, 000 pal Heat Treatment - Development
of Process C011troliUid Mechaalcal Properties for",
Coavair Divisloa - General Dynamics, (October 24, 1962)
24 Whitney, R. C., ''Material SAB 4335 (ModUled) Steel
Process Coatrol and Mechaalcal Properties - Development
of", General Dynamics, Coavair Dlvleioa, Report
1659, (November 9, 1962)
25 Plorentlno, R.J., Roach, D. B. aod Hall, A.M., "Heat
Treatment fl. HlgbStreugtb Steels for Airframe
Applicatloae", DMIC Report 119, (November 27, 1959)
26 Gilbert, L. L., Brown, J.A., ''Materials &Ill Fabrlcatloa
Problema Associated with Hlgb Streugtb Llgbtwelght
Homcgeneoua Pressure Vessels", Proceedlugs fl. the
Golda Gate Metals CoafereiiCe oa Hlgb Strength Steele,
for the MiaaUe Industry", ASM, (1961)
27 Bbst, G,IC. &Ill Llndb, D. V., "Bvaluatloa fl. Ultra-Hlgb
Strength Steels for Tbln Walled Preellllre Veuelo 011Jd
Roclcet Motor Caaea", ASMB, Paper No. 62, Met-16,
(AprU 1962)

CODE 1205
PAGE 17
 FeUH
REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GHNRRAL 1.0551 !'arts heat treated up to Ftu 220 to 240 ksl, Table
4340, Including Its variety 4337 which bas a sllghdy 1.05SI. Fe
lower carbon cootent, Is lite preferred common low
alloy sleet for air weapons where good strenglb, high :;ource
TABLE I 0551
S D. 3
0.4 c
bardenablllty and unUormlty are desired. It can be Alloy 4340
heat treated to strenglh values wllhln a wide raoge. At Condition
1.8 Ni
strength values up to about Ftu = 200 ksl other low Tempering Temp- Stress Relief
Ftu tal
alloy sleets which have sufficient hardenablllty possess F TempF Timehr 0.8 Cr
nearly lbe same mechanical and other properties as ISO to 160 min . 700 3
4340. At Ptu a 200 to 220 ksl, and Ftu a 260 to 280 ksl - >850 800 1 0.25Mo
this steel has been found to be superior to ether common 180 to 200 and . 700 4
low alloy steels aud also to some ol the recently 200 to 220
developed more complex low alloy steels . (The term 220 to 240. . 700 3 4340,4337
ultra high stl\eDgth' sleets Is applied to such steels that or 650 4
are used at various values of F10 above 200 ksl and up or 550 5
to about 300 ksl). 4340 Is available In all wrought forms . <400 275 n
and castings In this steel are wxler development. It Carburized oarts . 275 12
possesses a fair formablllty when properly aMealed Stress relief temperature limited by tempering temperature
and can be welded by various methods. Forgings In
and strength requirements.
this alloy, heat treated to Ptu 26C to 280 ksl, require
special measures In design and fabricating.
I.OSS2 !'arts hear treated ro F.,_ 260 to 280 ksland subae~
1.01 Commercial Designations quently subjected 10 grinding, machining, proof testing
4340 and 4337. or straightening. 350 to 400P, 4 hours minimum.
Temperature should not exceed tempering temperature
1.02 Alternate Designations or reduce Ftu below 260 ksl (34, p. 1).
AlSI 4337 and AlSI 4340, SAE 4337 and SAE 4340. 1.056 Austenlrlze. 1475 to IS75P, IS minutes per luch
Additional letters In the name Indicate special thickness, IS minutes minimum. Normalize welded
characteristics or speclftcattons, e. g. 4340 H and E or brazed parts before austeniUzing.
4340. H means that the steel Is supplied to harden 1.0561 Gnln size of air melted austenlUzed alloy, FIB. I. 0561.
ability rather than to chemistry specUlcatlons and E 1.057 Cool after austenltizlng.
indicates electric furnace melted"steel. 1.0571 Oil quench. Oil temperature 75 to 140F, cool to 150F
maximum, (7, p. 2).
1.03 SpecUlcatlons 1.0572 Salt quench. Salt temperature 390 to 410F, hold 10
Table 1.03. minutes, air cool to 160F maximum. Alternatively,
525 to 575P, hold until uniform temperature Is reachl.'d,
TABLE I 03 (7, p. 2).
AMS Tvne Form Mllltarv 1.058 ~:~~lifO to 1200F dependlns on desired strength,
6359 A 4340 Sheet, strip, plate MILSSOOO A 1.0581 To Ftu 160 to 180 ksl, 950 to UOOF, 4 hours.
6"5 P. 4340 Ror. lnro-ln~s tubl= MILSSOOO A 1.0582 To' Ftu 180 to 200 ksl, 850 to 950F, 4 hours.
6412 D 4337 Bar, forgings 1.0583 To Ftu 200 to 220 ksl, 750 to 850F, 4 hours.
6413 c ~ .. ":', I Tubing 1.0584 To Ftu 260 to 280 ksl. 400 to SOOF, 2 hours per
inch thickness, 6 hours minimum. Double tempering,
which is sometimes recommended, does not appear
1.04 Composition neces~ary. The exact tempering temperature depends
Table 1.04 on as quenched hardness as follOW's:
390 to 410F, for 53 to 56 'RC
TABLE I 04 440 to 460F, for 57 to 58 RC, and
!:<>urce AM~ II'' 121 AMS 13\ 14\ 490 to SlOP, for 59 RC or higher.
AtiM.- 4340 4337 Tempering below 390F or above 510F Is not permissible.
Percent Percent 1.059 Austenite srabillzarlon.
Min Max Min Max 1.0591 Austenite stabilization at 250F, 24 hours should follow
Carbon any final heating of material heat treated to Ftu 260 to
0.38 0.43 0.35 0.40 280 ksl. This also applies to the baking operation at
Chromium 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.90 365 to 385F, 8 hours, which relieves hydrogen
Manganese 0.65 o.ss 0.65 o.ss emhrlttlement after plating, (6, p. 3).
Molybdenum 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.30 l.OS92 Refrigeration at UO to 1301', 3 hoou, l an
Nickel 1.65 2.00 1.65 2.00
Phosphorus . 0.040 . 0.040
alternatlve method which eliminates untempercd
martensite. It Is applicable only to ~lcknesscs up to
Silicon 0.20 0.3S 0.20 0.35
Sulfur . 0.040 0.040
2 Inch arx:l slmple shapes to avoid cracking, and It
Iron Balance should he followed by retemperlng.
Balance
AMS 6359 A gives 0. 60 Min, 0. 80 Max. 1.06 Hardness
1.061 Ilnd quench hardenabillty, Fig. I. 061.
1.062 4337 Is used only up to 7/8 Inch diameter. 4340
through hardens on oil quenching up to 3 Inch diameter.
4 1/2 Inch diameter bar, when water quenched, wlll
1.05 Heat Treatment contain more rhan 95 percent martensite plus austenJre
1.051 Normalize. 157S to 1700F, I hour per inch or maximum and wlll develop nearly full hardness.
thlckneas, alr cool, (5, p. 9). 1.063 Rflect of tempering temperature on hardness of alloy,
1.052 Temper normalized condition for machlnablllty. 1250F FiB. 1.063.
maximum, (S, p. 9).
1.053 Full aMeal. 1525 to I650P, furnace cool or cool ln 1.07 Forma and ConditJonti Avatlab1e
ash or lime, (5, p. 9). 1.071 The steel Ia available In the lull commercial range of
1.054 Spheroldizlng anneal. 1425P, 2 hours, furnace cool ro sizes for all forma.
1210P, hold 8 hours, furnace cool or air cool. 1.072 All products are available In the hot rolll.'d or forged,
I.OSS Stress relief parts after atra!Bhtenlng, machining, ere. normalized, aMealed or spheroldized condlllon.

CODE 1206
PAGE
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963

1.08 Melting and Cast!na Practice 2.022 mectrlcal reslotaoce. At 120P, 11.7 mlcrohmln aod
FtJ Electric funw:e air melt, Ioductlon aod consumable at 570F, 18.7 microhm ID, (8, p, 2).
electrode vacuum melts are also avaUable. 2,023 Magaetlc properties. Steel Is ferromagneti c, (8, p. 2),
0.4 c 1.09 Special Consideration s
2.024
2.025
Emlsalvlly
Damping capacity
1.8 Ni 1.091 Low alloy steels decarburlze under normal beat!Jog and
heat treat!Jog coodltlona and !his Ia detrimental to the 2,03 Chemical Properties
0.8 Cr fatigue strength ol the higher strength levels, 2.031 The geueral corroalon resistance of all low alloy steels
Decarburlzatl on must be either carefully removed by Ia poor and they need corrosion protection.
0.25Mo machining or, In the case of sheet, an Inert abnoa 2,032 Hydrogen embrlttlemen t becomes pronounced In material
phere must be uaed to avoid either decarburlzlng or heat treated to Ptu above 200 kal, wben ex-posed to
carburlzlng. hydrogenating condltlons,auc h as plcldlug. cathodic
4340,433 7 1.092 Material heat treated 10 Ftu = 260 to 280 kel requires clean!Dg or electroplating . The steel may then fall at
careful designing to keep stress concentration s at a a very low strength and In a brittle manner at locations
minimum and special measures during fabtlcatlon as ol high stress concentration s and during slow rates d.
follows: loading or sustained loads, The absence ol hydrogen
(a) Decarburlzatl on must be completely embrlttlemen t should be demonstrated by means of notched
removed. tensile specimens, See 3.027111.
(b) Straightening of heat treated parts
ohould be limited to 1/4 degree and 2.04 1\b:lear Properties
performed at temperatures between 2.041 Irradiation effects on the mechanical properties ollow
70 to 200F followed by retemperlng alloy steels depend upon their heat treatment and grain
at 390 to 410F, 4 hours, Straightened structure. They consist of an increase in hardness and
sections muot be hot peened. yield strength, a slight Increase In tensile strength,
(c) Grinding of heat treated part must be a large decrease In elongation and a reduction In Impact
performed with extreme c.autfon and strength. The quenched and tempered conditions are
must be followed by baking at 365 tn most resistant to trradiatlon.
38SF and shot peening,
(d) Scale and ruot removal ohould be by 3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
machining, .. ad blaotlng or wet
blaotlng 3.01 Specl!led Mechanical Propenle&
(e) Vapor or oolvent degreaalng must be 3.011 AM::-5 design mechanical properties for wrought fonns,
used, Pickling and cathodic cleaning Table 3. 011.
are prohibited because ol the
susceptibility of Inducing hydrogen TABLE 3 011
embrittl ement. I Snurcr 10 D, 2.25
(I) Plating must be followed by baking at I Allnv 4340
365 to 385F, 8 hours. minimum. U LE=m All wrOUJ<ht forms
parts are plated for oxidation protectloo Heat treated (quenched and tempered)
before austenlttzlng, this must be Condition to oblaln the Ftu Indicated
followed by baking at 350 to 400F, 3 Fru. mln-ksi 90 95 125 !50 180 200 260
hours. Ftyo mlnksl 70 75 !03 132 163 176 217
(g) A final baking at 250F, 24 hours Is
Fey min-kst 70 75 113 145 179 198 242
required to slablllze austenite. Fsu mlnksl 55 55 82 95 109 119 149
AhernaUvely. refrigeraUon can be
Fbru mlnksl
used. (Cleveland Pneumatic Tool
1958). Honing to a depth not exceeding
0, 010 Inch may follow shot peening,
(e/0 1.5)
(e/0 2.0)
Fbry min-ksl
.
140
.
140
194
251
219
287
. 250
326
272
355
347
440
but grinding alter peening Is not
permissible.
(e/0 1.5)
(e/0 2,0)
- . !51
!80
189
218
230
256
255
280
312
346
1.093 Hydrogen embrlnlemen t Is a problem II the steel Is heat e, percent 23.0 . 23.0 18.5 15.0 13.5 .
treated to F1u above 200 ksl.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 3.012 Boeing addltion.Ll design properties for Pw 260 kal
minimum condition, Table 3. 012.
2.01 Thermal Properties
2.011 Melting point, 2HOF, approximately , (8).
2.012 Phase changes. This steel transforms from ausll!nJte
to ferrite and carbides on slow cooling and to TABLE 3 012
I Source f34. n~ -21
martensite on fast cooJlnsr.
Aliov 4340
Critical temperatures , -
I Form Bar fondnas. tublnsr
Acl t350F 'Cnrxlitlnn rtu ZOO to Z80 ka
Ac3 1425F
Cross scctlonsatn 100 or less Over 100
Arl 725F+
Ar3 900 to 1200F, (8, p, 2) RA, mlnpcrcent
2.0121 nmetemperaturt~transformatJon, Fig. 2.0121.
Single value 6 6
2.013 Thermal conductivity. 21,7 Btu It per (hr sq ft F), Average or heat IS 10
(8, p. 2),
2.014 Thermal expansion
At 0 to 200F, 6. 3 x 10"6 in per In per F,
0 to 1200F, 8.1 x to6,n per In perF, (B,p.12).
2.015 SpecUic hea(, o. 107 Btu per (lb F), (8, p. 2),
2.016 Thermal dlffuslvlty 3.02 Mcchantca1 Properties It Room Temperature
3.021 Tension
2.02 Other Rlysical Properties 3.0211 Stress-strain diagrams
2.021 Density. 0. 283 lb per cu ln. 7. 83 gr per cu em, 3,02111 Typical stresa-straln curves for various strength
(8), ' l""ela, Fig, 3.02111.
3.0212 Effect of tempering temperature on tenolle properties.

CODE 1206
PAGE 2
 rt:un

REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

( .
'----' Effect ot tempering temperature oo tensile properties 3.0312 Effect ot test temperature "" tensile properties ot bar
3,02121
ot bar, Pig. 3. 02121. and sheet beat trealc!d to various strength levels, Fig. Fe
3.0312.
3.02122 l!lfect ot tempering temperature and test direction ca
tensile properties ot bar and forging, Fig. 3, 02122, 3.0313 Effect <:1. low test temperature on tensUe properties of 0.4 c
bar heat treated to Ftu = 270 ksl, Fig. 3. 0313.
3,02123 Effect of temperiDg temperature oo teosUe properties
of sheet, Fig. 3. 02i23. 3.0314 Relatica between tensUe strength at -320F, -100F and 1.8 Ni
Effect ot tempei"IDg temperature oo tensUe properties at room temperature , Fig. 3. 0314.
3.02124 0.8 Cr
ot single and double tempered bar, Fig. 3.02124, 3.0315 llffect of sUicoo on tensile properties at RT and 600 P,
Effect of tempermg temperature on tensllle properties ot Fig. 3. 0315.
3.02125
iO percent cold reduction, Pig. 3. 02i25. 3.032 Compresaloo 0.25Mo
llffect of strain rate on tensUe strength and elcagstloo 3.0321 Stress-strain diagrams
3.0213
of bar, Pig. 3.0213. 3.03211 Stress:strain curves in compression at room and
I!Cfect of strain rate on upper and lower yield strength elevated temperatures for sheet heat treated to 4340,4337
3.0214
ot bar, Fig. 3.0214. Fru = 2QO ksl, Fig. 3,032ll.
I!Cfect of cold reduction on tensile properties of bars 3.0322 I!Cfect of test temperature on compressive yield strength
3.0215
of sheet heat treated to Ftu = 200 ksi, Fig. 3. 0322.
tempered at 1000 P, Pig. 3, 0215.
3.0216 llffect oJf cold reduction on tensile properties or bars 3.033 Impact
3.0331 llffect of tempering and test temperatures oo Impact
tempered at ll50F, Fig. 3.0216.
3.022 Compressloo strength of bar, Fig. 3. 0331.
&:ress-strain diagrams 3.0332 Effect of test temperature on Impact strength of alloy,
3.0221
3.0222 Relation between compressive yield strength and tensUe Fig. 3. 0332.
strength, Fig. 3. 0222. 3.0333 Effect of low and elevated temperalllres on Impact
3.023 Impact strength of alloy, F.l. 3. 0333.
3.024 Bending 3.034 Bending
3.0241 Bend strength of tubing heat treated to Ftu = 260 to 280 3.035 Torsloo and shear
ksl, Fig. 3.0241. 3.036 Bear lug
3.025 Torsion and shear 3.037 Stress concentration
Relatioo between torsion strength and tensile strength, 3.0371 Notch properties
3.0251
Fig. 3. 0251. 3.03711 I!Cfect ot test temperature on notch strength of bar heat
3.0252 Torsion strength o( tubing heat treated to FlU = 260 to trealc!d to Ftu = 270 ksl, Pig. 3. 03711,
280 ksl, Fig. 3. 0252. 3.03712 llffect ot low and room temperature oo smooth and
Bearing notched properties of air mellc!d sheet heat treated to
3.026 Fru i90 11:11, Pig, 3.037i2.
3.0261 Relatioo between bearing properties and tensile strength,
Fig. 3. 0261. 3.03713 Effect ot temperature on tensile and notch tensile
3.027 Stress concentration properties of sheet heat treated to 280 ksl, Fig. 3. 03713.
3.0271 Notch properties 3.03714 I!Cfect ot room and elevated temperature on smooth
3.02711 I!Cfect of tempering temperature on notch properties. and notched properties of a1r melted tempered
3.027U1 I!Cfect or tempering temperature, hydrogen content, sheet, Fig. 3. 03714.
stress concentration and rate of loading co the tensile 3.0372 Fracture toughness
strength of notched bar, Fl!(. 3.0271ll. 3,03721 llffect ot low and elevated temperature on tensile
3.027112 I!Cfect of temp! ring temperature and specimen locatloo properties, notch strengd.nd .fracture toughness ot
on tensile properties and n~tch strength of a forging, air melt and vacuum arc mell''<l alloy, Fig. 3. 03721.
Fig. 3.027112. 3.03722 Effect of low and elevated temperature on tensile
3.027113 l!lfect of tempering temperature on notch strength ot properties, notch strength and fracture toughness of
sheet, Pig. 3. 027113. vacuum Induction melted and remellc!d alloy, Fig.
3.027114 I!Cfect ot tempering temperature and load direction on 3,03722.
notch strength of air melt bar, Fig. 3.027114. 3.03723 I!Cfect of temperature on smooth and notch properties
3.o27a5 Effect of tempering temperature on notch strength ot and fracture toughness of sheet md bar tempered at
10 percent cold reduced bar, Fig. 3.027115. 400F, Fig. 3. 03723.
3.02712 Relatioo between notch strength for dUferent test bar 3.03724 I!Cfect of low and elevated temperature on tensile
sizes, stress concentration and test directions arxt: properties, notch strength and fracture toughness of
lenslle strength, Fig. 3. 02712, sheet and bar tempered at 7SOF, Fig. 3.03724.
3.02713 Bffect of specimen cross section. notch radius and 3.038 Combined properties
notch depth on notch strength ratio of bar, Pig. 3,02713.
3.02714 I!Cfect of ratio of thickness to notch root radius on notch 3.04 Cree(! and Creel! Rui!!!!!e Pr!!J!!:rtiea
strength of sheet and plate, Pig. 3,02714. 3.041 Creep curves for sheet at 1000 and 1200F, Fig. 3. 041.
3.02715 I!Cfect of net section strength on tensile yield strength of 3.042 Short time toto! strain curves for sheet at 1000 to
sheet with centrally located holes or fatigue cracks, 1SOOF, Fig. 3. 042.
Pig. 3. 02715.
3.02716 I!Cfect of centrally located fatigue cracks of various 3.05 Fatigue Pr!!J!erties
3.051 S-N curves for smooth and notched specimens In
3.02717
lengths on net section strength, Fig. 3. 02716.
I!Cfect of cold reduction on notch strength ol bars au:.tliig ~rn
Pig, 3.051.
= di:-cc: :::-:::::! !=t trc:ncd b:lr,
temperated at IOOOF, Pig. 3.02717.
3.02718 I!Cfect of cold reduction on notch strength of bars 3.052 Relatloo between endurance limit >:::d tensile strength
tempered at 1150F, Fig. 3.02718. for ..,ooth and notched bar, Fig. 3.052.
3.0272 Fracture toughness 3.053 E!tfCC: of specimen size on endurance limit for smooth
3.02721 l!lfect of tempering temperature oo fracture toughness and notched apeclmens, Fis. 3. 053.
of air melted sheet, Fig. 3. 02721. 3.054 Stress range diagrams for bar heat treated to various
3.028 Combined properties strength levels, Pig. 3. 054.
3.055 Stress range diagrams for mooth and notched bar at
3.03 Mecbanlcal Pro~rtles at Various Tem~ratures room temperature to 1000i', l'lg. 3. 055.
3.031 Tension 3.056 S N curves for notched rhrome plated, chrome
3.0311 Stress-strain diagrams diffused and bare bar at room temperature and
3.03111 Stress-straln curves at room and elevated temperatures 3SOF for Ftu a 200 to 220 ksl, Fig. 3. 056.
for sheet heat treated to P1u 200 ksl, Fig. 3.03111. 3.057 S N curves for notched chrome plated. chrome
3.03112 Stress-straln curves at room and low temperatures for diffused and bare bar at room temperature and 3SOF
bar heat treated to Ftu 270 ksl, Fig. 3.03112. for Ptu 260 to 280 ksl, Pig. 3.057.

CODE 1206
PAGE 3
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEOz DECE M8ER 1963
.. .
~j;
TABLE 4 037
sml shear
3.058 S-N curves for pin loaded lug jolDt specim en Source 48, :;!. 3)
joint spec:Jmen, Fig. 3. 058, Fe 0.4C 1.8Ni O.BC r0.25M o
Fe S-N curves for 4340 welds (Oxweld 71 fUJer
metals ), All~
3.059 Form Sheet
0.4 c Fig. 3.059. Condition Ann
0.030
Thickn ess - In
Blastic l'ropen iea
1.8 Ni 3.06
l'o1aao n's ratio. o. 3,
Failure
Load1 b Ftuks i"
3.061 atures, l'ig. I Ovcrlll.l!_
Mmlulu s cl elastic ity at variou s temper
QB Cr 3.062
3.062.
1/2in 1190 80
73
lin 2180
Modulu s of rigidity 88
Q25 Mo 3.063
Tangen t modulu s
lin 2660
3.064
3.0641 Tangen t modulu s curves In tensloo for differe
nt strengt h Based on origina l cross section al area.
levels, Fig. 3, 0641.
4340 ,433 7 Tangen t modulu s curves In compre ssion
at room aod 4.04 Heat Treatm ent
ated,
3.0642
4.041 DCCarburiZitlciii sho.,ld be avoide d or elimin
elevate d temper atures, Flg,'3, 0642. strengt h,
as it bi:I.J au advt.!rse eUect on the fatigue
3.065 Secant modulu s particu larly of the high strengi h levels.
Specifi cations
room and
Secant modulus curves in comprc ssloo at In
3.0651 genera lly permit a dccarb urizati oo of 0.003
elevate d temper atures, Fig. 3. 0651. The decarb urized layer
maxim um on !he finishe d part.
d. That
presen t In proces sed bar should be remove
FABRICATION forging s aod
4. resultin g frotn heat treatin g plate, bar,
to !he 0. 003
tubing, sttould be control led or remove d
4.01 Forma hlllty from critica l
larly In sheet In tnaxlm um specific'<! or even less
4.011 Genera l. The formab Ulty of 4340, particu section s subject to stress concen tration or
repeate :l
carbon Clllltent
form, Is not well known. Becaus e r:J Its loading .
formin g
ami Its air harden ing charac teristic s severe 4.042 Sheet should be supplie d practic ally free
from dccarb Ur
ng, ami
should rLoqulre full or spherol dlzlng alllleali lzatlon and heat treated In a low humidi ty
locrt gas
mod,
It should form In a manne r Inferio r to 4335 atmosp here.
ed cold. U
4.012 Straigh tening of parts should be perform 4.043 Heating and austeni tlzlng times for variou
s thickne sses,
operati on should
heat treated parts are stralgh teoed, ibis Fig. 4.043.
be followe d by stress relief, See 1. 05. ted becaus e
um, 4.044 Plating prior to austenl tlzing Is not permit
4.013 Forgin g. Startin g temper ature 2250F maxlm of diffusio n and decrea se hi fatigue strcngi
h.
LUte all ultra
finishin g temper ature 1950F minimu m.
capabil ity
high strengt h steels having air harden ing 4.05 Surface Trcn tmcnt
In ash or lime
prehea ting ami furnace cooling or cooling 4.051 Cle:~nlng ol parts heat treated
to variou s strengt h levels,
after forging Is recomm cooed. should be
up to and Including Ftu: 220 to 240 ksl,
such as
perform ed prefera bly by mechan icr.l means,
Machin ing ami Grindin g wire brushin g. etc.
4.02 normal ized shot, grit or sand blaatin g or
4.021 For r<Jgh machin ing !he steel should be Pickling should be followed by baking (cmbrl
ttlcmcn t
and temper ed at J250F maxim um. relief) at 375F, 3 hours, (5, p. 2).
materi al heat treaed heat treated to
4.0Z2 Finishi ng can be perform ed on 4.052 Hydr~enatlng treatm ents of ports
to all strengi h levels. U materi al heat
treated to
on should Fw a 260 to 280 ksl, should be followe d
by baking ....... ,
Fw ~ 260 to 280 kslls machin ed, ibis operati accord ing to T,1blc 4.052. Hydrog enating
treatm ents
be followe d by a stress relief, See 1.0552 . oiher !han ih<>Sc listed In Table 4. OSZ should
not be
tlemcn t
perform ed, as the resultin g hydrog en embrit
4.03 Weldin g, See also 3, 059. caMot be fully remove d.
teristic s
4.031 Genera l. This steel has good welding charac
me !hods
and parts can bo: joined by gas or arc fusion TABLE 4 052
and rcslst.t nce nash welding , (28), Source _{34 _jJ. 2
ition and
4.032 For fusion welding usc rod of same compos Al!oy_ 4340
for arc welding usc cooted electro des, (28). Condltl oo rtu ~ou to 21KJ hi
Spot and sesm welding or sheet is not
recomm ended
4.033 Embrlt tlemen t Relief
becaus e of air hardeni ng, (28). Treatm ent Temp F Time, minhr
forging s
4.034 Fusion or resista nce nash welding of bar, I
to 280 ksl l'hosph atlzing 210 to 220
and tubing to be heat treated to Ftu 260 24
t of !he Chrom ium plating 35010 400
Is not permis sible, becaus e r:J embrlt tlemen 3
Surface temper etch 350 to 400
joint area.
ity of
4.035 Tests were perform ed to establi sh sultabU
:i1iit uf
comme rcial filler metai~ for use in wt:iWm 4.053 Hard chromi um plating or parts heat treated
to
ksl, 200 to
4340 ste;,ls at strengi h IL'Yels 180 to 200 Ftu = 260 to 280 ksl should be pre-ceded
by vapor
ng results :
220 ksi and 260 to 292 ksl, wlih the followi degrea slng, sand blastin g and chromi c acid anodic
In !he 180 to 220 kal strcngi hs Oxweld
71 filler wire sible. Cttihodlc
ties while In etching . Anodic picklin g Is also permis
produc ed !he better combin ation of proper not be used.
picklin g and non-ele ctrolyt ic picklin g should
4340 electro de
!he 260 to 292 ksl strengi h bodJ rand H Cleanin g should be followL'CI by a otress
relief at 375F,
9IJX, joint
and !he Oxweld 71 filler wire produc ed over 4 hours minimu m aoo plating should be followc'C I by
y, (39) (54).
efficie ncies an.J csh>bited very good ductilit baking at 375F, 24 hours, Chrom e plaiL'CI
specim ens,
of weld and
4.036 Biaxial ~nd uniaxia l stress- strain curves wlih a cylindr ical diamet er or 0. 357 Inch
and a SO
parent metal, Fig. 4. 036. of 0. 025 inch,
be explosi on percen t, bO dcgrt.-e nocch with a radius
Sheet of O.roo Inch ihlckne ss can also percen t of
4.037
have been should nOI rupture within 200 hours 31 75
welded to 4340. The following variab les chc ROICh Sltcngl h of unplatt: d Spt."Cinrcns,
(5).
studied : C:ldmiu m plating suitabl e for parts heal
crcah."ll up ID
4.054
ing
300 ksi can be obtninl.od in a lxtth contain
(a) l!lchan t for surface treatme nt 3 to 4 oz per gal cadmiu m
(b) Spacing betwee n sheets B. 5 to 9. 5 oz per gal sodium cyanid e
(c) Exploa lve forces applied 2.5 to 3 07. Jle!r gal sodium hydrox ide
(d) IDitiatlng directi ons 8 oz per gal rnaxlm um sodium carbon ate
(e) Medium transm itting the forces 0. 5 10 0. 7 oz per gal cadaly tc brighte ner
at 70 to
Table 4. 037.
Tensio n t..st r:J explosi ve welded alloy, 90F and 20 to 40 ampo per sq ft.

CODE 1206
PAGE 4
 FeUH
REVISEOa DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

ll Bbould be preceded by a str<;ss relief and. U lbe pan

bod been cold warted, proal! ..led or grOUIII:I. clfl&Dblg Fe
abould be as before cbrcmluo ,, plating IUid plating
abould be followed by a cbran.lc acid rlll8e IUid 1111 0.4 c
embritdemeat relief.
4.055 Strlppillg ol. plating oa parts beat treated to Pru a 260 1.8 Ni
to 280 tal mould be by mecballlcal or uodlc albiiDe
me&DB. 0.8 Cr
4.056 SbotpeeDIDg Is uaed to Improve tbe fatigue reslaaDce ol.
lbe high streugtb levels. Par material beat treated to 0.25Mo
Pru 260 to 280 ksl It follows lbe stress relief before
cleaning IUid plating. The only operatlcm permlaslllle
alter abotpeeDIDg Is booiDg to a deplb ol. 0. 010 In 4340,4337
maalmuoo.

PIG. 1.0561 GRAIN SIZE OF AIR MELTBD

AUSTENITIZBD ALLOY
(36,p.88)

Fe(0.4C)-1.8NI0.8Cr0.25Mo
.
.
60
~-- -
-- r.::::--
- .
- - ............
0
.... ~
50
MIN"'
1--- '0...'- ~"--
40
- - A lSI E4340H
----AISI 4340H
-...... ....
--lSI 4337H
4340 (2)
0 4337 (3) ( 4)
30
0 8 16 24 32
DISTAN:E FRCfd QUBN:HBD END - SIXTEBNrnS IN
FIG. 1.061 END QUEN:H HARDBNABILITY (2) (3) (4)

Fc(0.4C)1.8NI0.8Cr0.25Mo

.Ill
0

..~
~
40 t---t----t::-.E----1

200.__ _400..L.---800.l---I.J200

TBMPERINJ TEMP F
FIG. I. 063 EFFI!CT OF TBMFERIN::
TEMPERATURE ON HARD
NESS OF ALLOY
(36, p. 76)

CODE 1206
PAGE 5
I ""''-"' f

FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDDECEMBER 1963

Fe
0.4 c
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
Q25 Mo

4340,4337 ':"
c.
~
...

400IC:~~~~~-------L~-------L--------~------~
10 1o2 1ol lo4 uP 106
TIME - SECOND
FIG. 2.0121 TIMETEMPEF.A1URETRANSFORMA110N (52, p. lOS)

320

Fe (0. 4C) I. 8NlO. 8CrO. 25Mo 280

I
Fru 280 KS!l

;},v~
240
L...----~~>c-+-----t---; 2401i!
:.c
200

160 L
? 200 KSI

180 KSI
.,_zoo~----~----~----+----~~-

12 0
L 140 KSI
:.c

120

80
1/
I
j

ov
0

TEiiON

0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0 0 400 600 800 1000 1200
STRAIN IN PER IN
TEMPERII'C TEMP F
FIG. 3. 02111 TYPICAL STRESS STRAIN CURVES FOR
FIG. 3.02121 EFFECT OF TEMPBRIIII:l TEMPERA11!RE ON TENSILE
VARIOUS STREIII:lTil LEVELS (31) (35) I'ROPER11ES OF BAR (13, p. 78)

CODE 1206
PAGE 6
 FeUH
REVISE!) DECEMBER 1963 FERRO US ALLOYS

32'~--~-----r-F~e~-(~0.~~~-1~.8~~~-o~.8~C~r~-0~25~M~o 320
Fe-(0.4C)-1,8~-0.8Cr0.25Mo
BAR FORG!KlS
0. 75 IN BAR
Fe
1550F, 0Q
zro~~--~\-~----t---~+~TrEM~P~E~R~ FTU 0.4 c
240 v
---, l- 1.8 Ni
lil
:.c ..o- PTY 0.8 Cr
160
NORM 1650 F 0.25Mo
lil HUST 1575 F, 0Q
>t
e +SIKlLEE}TEMPER
200~-*-----+--~~~~,_----1 ro
0 DOUBLE 4340,43 37
~ ~f3/41NBAR RA
A. 45 DI!G TO FIBER,
160 l--1t!F:_:O~R~G!!.IM:i!:!j------f------.~~---1
e(2 IN)

0
600 700 800 900
TEMPERIK l TEMP - F
PIG. 3.02124 EFFECT OF TEMPl!RIM:i
TEMPERA11JRE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF SIM:iLE AND
DOUBLE TEMPI!RHD BAR
(40, TBI. 2)

TEMPERIM:i TEMP - F
FIG. 3.02122 EFFECT OF TEMPl!RIM:i TEMPERA11JRE
AND TEST DIRl!CTION ON Tl!NSILE PROP-
ERTIES OF BAR AND FORGIM:iS
(13, p. 92)
r----,----,---~F~'e~-(~0.7.4C~)~-1~.8~N~I-0~.~8C~-~0~.2~5M~o 400
FINAL BAR DIA 0. 409 IN
NORM 1650F, I HR, AC
2M AUST 1SSOF, I HR, OQ

I
Fe(0.4C) 1.8Ni0.8C r -0.25Mo
SHl!ET
TEMPER, I HR, AC 320

~--~~---t-----t-----r----i240

lil M
>t

!7.Ill
u 20
""le
0
0 2110 400 600 BOO 1000 1200
TEMPERIM:i TEMP - F
TEMPl!RII'I:l TEMP I'
FIG. 3.02123 EFFECT OF TEMPERIN:l TEMPI!RA11JRE
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET FIG. 3.02125 EFFECT OP TEMPERII'I:l TEMP!!RA11JRE ON TI!NSILE
(22, p. 55 -57) (29) PROPER'I1l!S OF 10 PERCENT COLD REDIJC'J10N
(53, p. 7. 8, 9)

CODE 1206
PAGE 7
 FERROUS ALLOYS
REVIS E[) DECEMBER 1963

Fe Fe-(0. 4C)-1. BNI-0. BCr-0. 25Mo 220

Fe(0.4C )1.8NI-D .8Cr0.25 Mo
0.4 c 220 I
__..
11/BIN BAR
!..
11/8 IN ij.\R

. - ' .,
1.8 Ni 1575F, 0 1575P, OQ...I ....___ ~

~
+800P +800F
0.8 Cr
0.25Mo
200
..... _.-5
/ 80
.,
+925F-'
u
+925F. /
4340, 4337 180 v ....Z1

lil --'<7"' ~ + ll25F -v

:..:
160 + 1125--;1
Fro
i""

HO
+ 1300 TO 1200F, PC + 1200P ;-"\
+l~T01200F,FC+1200F,
2 HR
'fER
~ lA

u---
l ~ LOWER
(
j.o FTY
120
I
1575 TO UOOF, 2HR PC+ 1200F, 2HR
. ~I .1 ,P
100 157z to 1 F, 2 H , FC + lj_:_:::~-

-
20
-"
e (21N)
n Ia
A 0.001 0.01
0.1 10 100
~ STRAIN RATB IN PBR IN PER MIN
n [']
PIG. 3.0214 EFFECT OF STRAIN RATE ON UPPER
AM> LOWER
0 0.01
YIELD STR Ei'illi OF liAR (l6, p. 7 12)
0.1 10 100 1000
STRAIN RATB- IN PER IN PER MIN
FIG. 3.0213 EFFECT OF STRAIN RATE ON TENSILE
STRI!['K;lli
AND EI..ON:IATION OF BAR (16, p. 7-25)

Fe-(0. 4C)-1. 8NI-D. 8Cr-D.25Mo

FINAL BAR D!A O.IK9 IN
NORM 1650F, 1 HR, AC
AUST 1550P, 1 HR, OQ
TEMPER IOOOP, 1.HR, AC

lil
:..: j!
2001iJ
.
:..:

~~~~~~~---;160~

e(11N)
10 20 30 40
COLD RBDUCTION PBRCENT
FIG. 3.0215 BPPBCT OP COLD RI!IXX:TJON
ON TENSU.B PROPBRnBS OF BARS
1Bt.IPI!a SD AT 1000 P (53)

CODE 1206
PAGE 8
 FeUH
REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
';.~

'W ~rA---;r---~----~-----r----~
Fe-(0. 4C>:-\ 8NI-Q. 8CrO. 25Mo Fe
13/8 TO 2 7/8 IN TUIIIl'C
F 260 TO 2~ KSI
. 0.4 c
0 (31) 1.8 Ni
(32)
ADJUSTBD TO 260 KSl 0.8 Cr
0.25Mo
lil
~
160 4340,4:337
~
II.

120

40

f
~
u 20
a:
re
0 RATIO OF DIAMETER TO WALL 1HlCKNI!SS
0 10 20 30 40
FIG. 3. 0241 BEND STRENG1H OF TIJBING HEAT TREATBD
COLD RBDUCTION PERCEf\rl"
TO Fro 260 TO 280 KSI (31) (32)
FIG. 3. 0216 EFFECT OF COLD RBDUCTION ON
TI!NSILE mOPERTII!S OF BARS
TEMPERBD AT USOF (53, p. 7)

Fe(0.4C)l.8NIO.BCr0.2SM
160 .liN BAR
./
151SF, OQ+ TEMPER

/
/
1
I

.... "/ .,.. v

TORSION

120 160 200 240 280

Fro KSI
FIG. 3.0251 RELATION BmBEN TORSION STRE~1H
AND TI!NSILE STRENG1H (22)
200~--~~--~--~----~

2~r-----r-----~----~----~-----
Pe(O. 4C)l. 8NIO. BCrO. 25Mo

-- .
\

320
120 160
Fro KSl RATIO OF DIAMETER TO WALL 1HlCKNI!SS
PIG. 3.0222 RELATION BE"IWBEN COMl'RI!SSIVB YlBLD FIG. 3. 0252 TORSION STRE~ OF TIJBING
STRENG1H AND TBNSILB STRENG1H HEAT TREATBD TO Pro 2110
(13, p. 122) 1'0 2~ KSl . (31, p. 7)

CODE 1206
C"''."' I PAGE ____
9 ___.
~,
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963

Ft:(O.CC)l.lJNIO. r0.25Mo
F e,(0.4C) 1.8NIO.BCr0.25Mo
Fe 12 IN 00 FORGIN:l, MACH 9
INIDI625F,3HR+I57SF, 4HR
0.4 c j.:+...:T:..:EM=P:..:IifR-2...;x;..3_H-IRI---i 280
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
J-.!::~-+-...,..:---l-----1 . .240 li!
L-o_.2_5_M_o_. !:.i 320
1----1--..c...-+...,.~+----i----t :..:

4340,4337 240

li!
:..: 200 160

}
Fro KSI 160
FIG. 3.0261 RELATION BETWEEN BEARIN:l PROPERTIES 40
AND TENSILE STREN:JTH (13, p. 126)

~ 0
Ill 20
C.l
"'
Ill
.... 0

280

l'e(O. 4C) I. BNIO. BCrO. 25Mo 160

9/16 IN BAR
1600F, 0Q
+TEMPER, I HR

1000
TEMPERIN:l TEMP F

FIG. 3.027112 EFFECT OF TEMPERIJII:l TEMPER

ATURE AND SPECIMEN LOCATION
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES AND NOTCH
10 STREN:lTH OF A FORGIJII:l
(17, p. 26, 27)
10
200 1----.!:::.34'--~4--~lf-IH-~:--+-----l

-. . . . . .-,q;
10

IOO --HIGH H2, FAST LOAOIM:l

--LOW H2, FAST LOADIN:l
--NOH2
'(0
' 1
= VAR
~ 200

TEMPERIJII:l TEMI' F
FIG. 3.027111 EFFECT OF TEMPERIJII:l TEMPERATURE,
HYDROOEN CONTENT, STRESS COlll:ENT
RATION AND RATE OF LOADIN:l ON THE TEMPERIJII:l TEMP F
TENSILE SfREJII:lTH OF NOTCHED BAR
FIG. 3,027113 EFFECT OF TEMPERIJII:l TEMPERATURE
(19, p. 3442)
ON NOTCH STREJII:lTH OF SHEET (29)

CODE 1206
PAGE 10
 FeUH
REVISE[) DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

32or-----~----~~~F~e--(~0.~4C~)~-~1.~8N~I~O~.SC~r~-o~.~~M~o
Fro AIRMELT Fe
0.180 IN SPECIMENS
240 1----!----_;:~,.... CUT FROM 4" x 12" BAR 0.4 c
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
160
Q25Mo
240
in
:.: 4340,43 37
160
A LP 0
eLN
OTN
80

1000 1200
TEMPeRIN:l TEMP F
FIG. 3.027114 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA'IlJRE
AND LOAD DIRECTION ON NOTCH
STRENG1ll OF AIR MELT BAR (42, p. 9)
LP Longitudinal , parallel to suiface
LN Longitudinal, normal to suiface
TN Transverse, normal to suiface

Fe(O. 4C) I. 8NtO. SCr-0. 25Mo

FINAL BAR DIA 0.409 IN
NORM 1650F, I HR, AC
AUST 1550F, I HR,
TEMPER, 1 HR, AC

...... ASDMWN
-<>- AGED 400F, 1 HR
160
400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMPERING TEMP F
FIG. 3.027115 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMP F'IlJ KSI
BRATURE ON NOTCH STRENG1ll FIG. 3.02712 RELATION BETWEEN NOTCH STRENG1ll FOR DIFFERENT
OF 10 PERCENT COLD REDUCED TEST BAR SIZES, STRESS COJIA:ENTRATIONS AND TEST
BAR (5~, p. 7, 8, 9) DIRECTIONS AND TENSILE STRENG1ll (15, p. 23)

CODE 1206
PAGE II
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963

320...------~------,
Fe Fe-(0. 4C)l.SNiO. SCrO. 25Mo

0.4 c
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
025Mo

4340,4337
80~--~~--~-----t-----;
e 0. I IN DIA CENTER HOLE CRACK
0 0.1 IN CENTER CRACK
oL---~-----L----~----J
150 175 200 225 250

FTY- KSI
FIG. 3. 02715 EFFECT OF NET SECTION STRENJTH
ON TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH OF
SHEET WITH CENTRALLY LOCATED
HOLES OR FATIGUE CRACKS
(50, p. 67)
32

Fe-(0. 4C)-I. SNHl. 8Cr-ll. 25M

0 6
0 20 40 60 80 100
NOTCH DEml (I d2to2 OR I 2o/B) PERCENT
PIG, 3, 02713 EFFECT OF SPECIMEN CROSS SECTION,
NOTCH RADIUS AND NOTCH DEPTH ON
NOTCH STRENJTH RATIO OF BAR 0 0.2 0.4 0.6
(25)
CRACK LENJTH -IN
FIG, 3,02716 EFFECT OF CENTRALLY
LOCATED FATIGUE CRACKS
OF VARIOUS LENJTHS ON
NET SECTION STR ENG11i
320
(50,p.67)
l'c-(0. 4C I. 8NiO. 8Cr -O.l5Mo
3~0 FINAL DAR DIA 0.409 IN
280 NORM lh501', I UR, AC
AUST 1550F, I IIR, OQ
TEMPER IOOOF, I HR, AC

240

i;l
:..:
;;; 240
200
:..:

160

160
120 0 0 10 20
4 2H 30 40
1/r RATIO COLD REDUCTION - PERCENT
FIG. 3.02714 EFFECT OF RATIO OF THICKNESS TO NOTCH ROOT RADIUS FIG. 3. 02717 EFFECT OF COLD REDUCTION ON
ON NOTCH STREN:;TH OF SHEET AND PLATE (43, p. 26, 27) NOTCH STRENJTH OF BARS TEMP
ERED AT IOOOF (53, p. 8)

CODE 1206
PAGE 12
 FeUH
REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
;"! ...
. '{l
."'r
200 Pe(O. :)-1. BNIO. 8Cr0.25Mo
0,064 ~SHBBT
Fe
1525P, 10MlN, AC
160 SOOP, I HR
0.4 c
Pro200 KSI 1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
025Mo

434q4337
1000P

...... AS DRAWN
--o-AGEO 400F, 1 HR TENSION
129 :a.o---1.1.0_ ___.20_ _ _3._0_ ___.40
0. 002 o. 004 o. 006 0. 008 0.010
COLD REDUCTION PERCENT STRAIN 1N PER IN
1'1<::. 3.0271~ I!PFECT OF COLD REDUCTION ON PIC. 3. 03111 STRI!SS STRAIN CURVI!S AT ROCt.f AND
NOTCH STRI!~ni OF BARS TEMP- I!LE':ATBD TEMPBRATIJRBS POR SHBBT
I!RI!D AT llSOF (53, p. 7) HBAT TRBATI!D TO PnJ 200 KSI
(20, p. 15)

360
Pe-(0.4C) -l.BNI 0.8Cr0.25Mc
11NBAR
1575P, 4 HR, OQ
320 + 450P -~-x 4 HR /
P1tl 270 KSI V-4Z3P
'-..,.,_,,,:. /
v
280 I
1--"'7
-321P

Pe-(0. <ld)-1. 8NI0.8Cr-D.25Mo

1;~
0. 067 II" ~I!BT -108F
200 F-
1550 p. )() M!lll, 0(1.
RT
RBPR!G 320 P

," v
+TBMPBR 24 HR 200
lil
:.:

160

120

80

f
I
j_

v
RT TBST 40
O~--~--CRA---CKB_D_T0~0~,7-~-BY~P_A_TI_O_UB~
0 200 400 600 800 1000 TENSION

TEMPER!~ 0 0 I
TBMP - P 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012
PIG, 3.02721 BPPI!CT OP Ti!MPERIIl TBMPBRA1tlRB STRA~ - ~ PER ~
Olil PRACTIJRB TOI.XJHNBSS OP AlR PIC. 3.03112 STRBSSSTRAINCURVI!SAT ROCM AND LOW TBMP-
ME'.LTBD SHBBT BRATIJRBS POR BAR HBATTRBATBD TO Pw 270 KSI
(36, p.l3-14) (9, p. 41)

CODE 1206
PAGE 13
l"'eun
FEFcROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963

160 Fe(O. 4C)1. 8NlO. 8CrO. 25Mo

Fe 7/81NBAR
1600F, 1 HR, 0Q
0.4 c ...... + 212 .TO 1200F, IHR
-320F"'
1.8 Ni
~
0.8 Cr
0.25Mo

4340,4337 100
120 160
--
~

100F
200 240
-- 280
~
320
Fro AT RT KSI
FIG. 3.0314 RI!LATION BBTWI!EN'TBNSILB STRBflllTH
AT 320F, 100F AND AT ROOM TBMPBR
ATUR B (30, p. 559)

80
Fe{0.4C)-1.BNlo().8Cro().25Mo
t-1850 F, 4 HR,AC
+ 1650 F, 1 HR, WQ
40 + SOOF, 12 HR, AC
-2000F, 4 HR, AC
+1650F, FC AT 100 F/HR
TO 1200F, HOLD 3 HR, AC
+ 1600F, 2 HR, 0Q
320 + 625F, 6 HR, AC
+625F, 6 HR, AC

280
, VaT

~ 40'~----4-----~~~~------+-----; 240
'
II! -~----
600F
e (liAR)
600 200
200 400 800 1000 o 0.5 1.0 1.5
TBMP F PBRCBNT SILICON (BY WEIGHT )
FIG. 3. 0312 I!FFBCT OF TI!ST TBMPI!RA nJRI! ON TI!NSILI! FIG. 3, 0315 BFFBCl' OP SIUCON ON
PROPI!RTII!S OF BAR AND SHI!I!T HI!AT TRI!ATI!D TBNSILB PROPBR1'1BS AT
TO VARIOUS STRI!JillTH LI!VI!LS RTAND600 P
(13, p. 112) (20)(27) (46,p.18)

-
360
Fe(O. 4C)1. 8NIO. 8CrO. 25Mo
1 IN BAR 200
Fe-(0. 4C)-1. 8NlO. scr-o. 25Mo

320
r-...... 1575F, 4 HR, 0Q
+450F X 4 HR
0. 064 IN SHBI!T
1525F, 10 MIN. AC

\_ ~ ~
+800F HR
Fro 160

~ 280
"'~ FTY - -
~
IJI
u
240

200

40
L.-- e (21N)
I'--

RA
-- ...

...a:
IJI
~
~ ~
CCN BSSION

0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010

300 200 100 0 100
STRAIN- INPBR IN
TBMP F
FIG, 3. 03211 STRI!SSSTRAIN CURVI!S IN CCNPRI!SSION
FIG. 3.0313 BFFBCT OF LOW TI!ST TBMPI!RATURI! ON AT ROOM AND I!LI!VATI!D TBMPBRATURI!S
TI!NSILI! i'ROI'I!RTII!S OF BAR HI!A T TRI!A TI!D FOR SHBI!T HI!AT TRI!ATI!D TO Fro 200 KSI
TO Fro 270 KSI (9, p. 33) (20)

CODE 1206
PAGE 14
 REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

200

160
---- ~e-(0.4C)1.SNI-o.acr-o.25Mo

r-.._ ~
p 0.064 IN SHEBT
525P, 10 MIN. AC
+SOOP 1 HR
r--p ..... ..... ~200KSI
.
120

80
Pe-(0. 4C)l. SNl-G, aer-o. 25Mo
F'ru 150 KSI

--- 0.4 c
Fe

1.8 Ni

~ 120
TY
t: 40 L Q8 Cr

/ Q25Mo

\ '\
IECHARPYV

80
.: 0 I 434q4337
400 -200 0 200
\ TEMP- P
PIG. 3. 0333 EPPBcr OP LOW AND ELEVATED
200 TEMPERATURES ON IMPAcr
600 800 1000 STRENGTH OP ALLOY
TEMP F (51,p.24)
~- FIG. 3. 0322 BPPBCT OP TEST TEMPERATURE ON
COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRBN:ITH OP
SHBBT HEAT TREATED TO Fru 200 KSI
(20, p. 23)

80r---r--~r----r---,
Pe(0.4C)1. 8NiO. 8C~-11.25Mo
BAR I
1550P, 0Q

400
Pe(O. 4C)1. SNIO. 8Cr0.25Mo
1 IN BAR
1575P, 4 HR, OQ
+ 450P, ~ x 4 HR
360
_,.-- I
TEMPBRlf\0 TEMP F
-- ... NOTCH~:;;::
PIG. 3.ro31 EFFBCT OF TEMPERlf\0 AND TEST
TEMPERATURES ON IMPACT
STREN:I1H OP BAR (14, p. 61)
u;
320
'
i v. . . L
........ .... FTU
:.:
280
' ___ J_

I -----
I ~
60 240
Fe-(0. 4C)1. SNI 0. 8CrO. 25Mo o.TI 505
OQ+TiP1 HR I

--
Kt. 3.2
r 0.021
200
---~~~~45) 1.4
- - - 400P (RC 53)

~
- - 500F (RC 52
m CHARPYV
1.0
v
/
v
20

;::'"'!
- . -
.-- ~ ~-~
NOTCH STRBf\CTH
RATIO

0 0.6
400 200 0 200 300 200 100 0 100
TEMP- f TEMP P
PIG. 3.0332 EPPEcrOP 11!!iTTBMl'BRATURB FIG. 3.03711 EPPBcr OP TEST TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH
ON JMPAcr STRENGTH OP ALLOY STRBf\CTH OP BAR HEAT TREATED TO
(51,p.26) Pru 270 KSI (9, p. 24)

CODE 1206
PAGE I !:I
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963

Fe
0.4 c
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
0.25Mo

434q4337

TEMP P
PIG. 3.03712 BFFBCT OF LOW AND ROOM TBMPBRATURB ON SM001ll AND NOTCHED PROPER
TIBSOF AIR MBLTBD SHBBT HBAT TRBATBD TO PTY F 190 KSl (36, p. 89)

240

200
:~

L lil
:..:
160

1:!0
~
l'Q
Ill
0
0:
...
Ill
0

160

lil

3/4~tp !~~
:..: 120

0 ,.
3/4 3/8
80
0 200 400 600 800

PIG. 3.03714 BPPBCT OF ROOM AND BLBV.~TBD

TBMPBRATURB ON SMOOTH AND
PIG. 3,03713 HPPBCT OF TI!MPBRATURB ON NOTCH PROPBRTIBS OF AI.R Mi'LTBD
TBNSlLB AND NOTCH TBNSlLB TBMPBRBD SHBBT (45, p. 1314)
PROPBRTIBS OF SHBBT HBAT
So.wcut A approximately 0. 600 Inch exte""'A by fatigue
TRBATBD TO 280 KSI precrackJng to 0, 700 Inch,
(SS,p. 31)

CODE 1206
PAGE 16
REVISE[) DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe
0.4 c
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
025Mo
~
160 4340,4337

, - m 2 1 11/4.
/2
L r l'e(0,4C)I. SNIO, SCrO, 25Mo

..
t

71{~:~ro 1
0
-~300~----~~oo=---~1~00~--~3700~~~500
TEMP F
PIG. 3,03721 EPPECT OP LOW AND ELBVATED
TEMPBRATURE ON TBNSILB PROPER
TIES, NOTCH STRENG11i AND FRAC
TURE TOUGHNESS OF AIR MELT
AND VACUUM ARC MELTED BAR
(36,p.92)
Baaed on percentage shear
Cracked 10 0. 7 Inch by fadgue cycling T L ,
A e VIM
.0. VIR
0
VIM VAC IND MELTED
O t-----+VIR----V_At-C_IND
___RE-rME--L_TB---tD

~-- 160

"'w

200 0 200 400

TEMP-T
PIG. 3. 09722 I!FPECT OF LOW AND BLI!VATI!D
TEMPI!RA1URE ON TENSILE PROPER
11BS, NOTCH STRI!NG11i AND
FRACTURE TOUGHNI!SS OP VACUUM
INDUCTIONMI!LTI!D AND RBMBLTI!D
ALLOY
(36, p.93)

Baaed on percentage shear

Cracked to 0. 7 Inch by fatJsue c:ycllng

CODE 1206
PAGE 17
t'eUH

FERR OUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963

Fe
60
,. ~
Fe(O. 4C)l. 8NlO. aer-o. 25Mo

0.4 c
320
', "
ll
O.OSOIN SHEET
I~F, AC

,
+TEMPE R
1.8
0.8 Cr
Ni
', "
'
. " ,. '
. CREW'
Q25M o

4340, 4337
li!
=-:
240 30
'," '
' ' ~-~
\
"\
1000F
I'.
.
160 li! 20
"'
' ~, :\ !',~RBEP
so IS
\)
:~
~~
:!'
IZo !:! 0 10
\

' \ [\\\
2:i=-: e ~'ORM+ 1200F
~~ 40 o NORM + 1300F 1'\ \ 1\
tiz - - - 1%}
- - 2l!; CREEP 1200F
~:2:

~~
--5%
0 6
0.1 10 100 1000
100 0 100 200 300
TEMP F TIMEM IN
PIG. 3. 03723 FIG. 3.041 CREEP CURVES FOR SHEI!T AT 1000 and 1200F
EFFECT OF TEMPERA lURE ON SM001l! AND
NOTCH PROPERTIES AND FRACTURE TOUGH (26, l' 31)
NESS OF SHEET AND BAR TEMPERED AT 400F
(47, Fig. 1419)

.~.

10 ~-=~~~-----P~--~~~--
~
8~-~~~~~---+-~~~

e Ill\
O 3% TOTAL STRAIN
0 100 200 4 S%
300
TEMP F
v 7%
2~----~------~--~~-b--A-
FIG. 3. 03724 BFPI!CT OF LOW ANQ ELEVATBO TEMPER J
ATURB ON TENSILE PROPERTIES, NOTCH 0.001 0.01 0.1 tO
STRI!NG 1ll AND PRAC111RE TOUGHNESS
OF SHEET AND BAR TEMPERED AT750F
TIME HR
FIG. 3. 042 SHOR i TIME TOTAL STRAIN CURVES FOR SHEET
(47, i'lg. 14-19)
AT 1000 co ISOOF (33, p. 37)

CODE 1206
PAGE 18
 FeUH
REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERR.OUS ALLOYS
(....__ ,.,.;
600 140 Fe(0.4C)1.8NI-o.scr-0.2S~ o
~
Fe(O. 4C)1. 8NI 0. BCr:-0. 25Mo

' T 9/16 TO 4 1/4 IN BAR BAR

.... ~
0.4
Fe
c
~ I 120
-.... t'.
400
-
_0.
'\
~ '\
f'..',
Pro 210 KSI

100
l
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
0.25Mo
~w
v --a...~
~
.,;
80
... "" 0
4340,4337
200 / ENDURANCE LIMIT
e A SMOO'Ili Kt
~ ~ .....
1 Iii
O<l.NOTCHBO ~
v ROT~~~ AND
t-----Kt.!..~ a_
R a-! u
"' 60
v
DIRECT STR llSS
R I

0
Ad ROT REAM
eo Dl
~~ ~--f e AIR MELT
SMOO'Ili Kt I
F<":T Sl RllSS
Iii 600 0 VACUUM MELT
~
............. 40
~
...
""
(It
IFTU. ~90 Kat .A11T It
(4 ""'

~u.uu
A' 20
I"

-- '
400
'\
0 d ....
~
.6 NOTCHED
.... Kt 2.5 TO 8

--~ ~i
y
!60 200 240 280

~
~' ~d ~ ~
~d
- FIG. 3.052
FlU KSI
RELATION BETWEEN ENDUKIINCE
LIMIT AND TENSILE STRENG'Ili
FOR SMOO'Ili AND NOTCHED BAR
..
~- It>---
't (21)

()
0.1 io6
NUMBER OF CYCLES
FIG. 3.051 SNCURVES FOR SMOOnl AND NOTCHED
SPECIMENS IN ROTATING BEAM AND DIRECT
STRESS OF HEAT TREATED BAR (11)

100 r---~~~------~----~
Pe(O. 4C)l. 8NIO. SCr-0. 2SMo
BAR
FTU 165 KSI

0.5 1. 5 2
SPECIMEN DIAMETER - IN
FIG. 3. 053 EFFECT OF SPECIMEN SIZE ON
ENDURANCE LIMIT FOR SMOO'Ili
AND NOTCHED SPECIMENS
(12, p. 98)

CODE 1206
PAGE 1'9
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963

Fe
0.4 c
1.8 Ni
0.8 Cr
0.25 Mo

IRBCT ~R&"S
0 ,___.__.....~. _ __L_ _...L..::=---::11
NUMBER OF CYCLES
-0.8 -0.4 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 FIG. 3,056 SN CURVES FOR NOTCHED CHROME PLATI!D,
RATIO MEAN STRESS TO Fro CHROME DIFFUSED AND BARB BAR AT ROOM
Tl!MPI!RAroRE AND 350 F FOR Fru=200 TO
FIG. 3.05~ STRI!SS RANJE DIAGRAMS FOR BAR HEAT 220 KSI (37, p. ~)
TREATED TO VARIOUS STRENGTH LEVELS
(36, p. 92)

80
Fe-(0. 4C)l. riO. SCr-0. 25Mo
1 1/8 IN BAR
u;
:..: 1575F, 1 1/2 HR, OQ
+ llSOF, 1 1/2 HR 200
60 Fe(0.4C 1.8Nl0.8Cr0.25 Mo
"'
Ill
..:I
Fro= 160 KSI
I
e.A.RT
~ 160 0.0.C350F
u
40
0 e CIIROMI! PLATI!D
~ .0. .A CHROML DIFFUSE
"
:!l 0. BARE
.... 120
< 20
:aIll
a:
t; 0 80
40
2
(::
~
a: 40
Ill 20
....
..:I
<

120 16C 200

NUMBER OF CYCLES
MEAN STRI!SS KSI
FIG. 3.057 SN CURVES FOR NOTCHED CHRG.IE PLATED,
FIG. 3. 055 STRI!SS RANJE DIAGRAMS FOR SMOOTH AND
CHRG.IE DIFFUSED AND BAREI"MR AT Roa.t
NOTCHED BAR AT Roa.t TEMPERATURE TO TEMPERATURE AND 350F FOR Fnr 260 TO
IOOOF (18, p. 37, 38) 280 KSI (37)

CODE 1206
PAGE 20
 REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

32
.r. Fe-(o. 4C)-1. 8Nl-O. aer-o. 25Mo
Fe
28 ~~ 0.4 c
1.8 Ni

'"' ""' ~
E

0.8 Cr
...

....
- 24
"':.0: -' 0.25Mo
.~ 1\
~ 20 \ 4340,4337
4 f:~: IN TORQUE APPL ON BOLT
C 0 003
A 0.002



0
150
300
Ntrr, ft-lb
DYNAMIC
... (24)
.,
\

0
10
0 0.0005 " 6(l()

10 108
16 srAnc
e 0. 064 IN SHEET, FnF200 KSI(20)
0 1 IN BAR, Fro 270 KSI(9)
'\
,. NUMBER OP CYCLES A D. 064 IN SHEET, Pnp220 KSI(Bc)(23)
12
FIG. 3.058- SN CURVES FOR PlN LOADED LUG JOINT -400 0 400 800 1200
SPECIMEN AND SHEAR JOINT SPECIMEN TEMP- P
~... p. 7)
PIG. 3.062 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY ATVARIOUS
TEMPERATURES (9) (20) (23) (24)

280

I\
Fe(0.4C)l.8N10.8Cr-0.25Mo
BAR

240

Fw'
270KSI
~
200

160
-- ...,
200 KSI /
\
::::::--.
"\
180 KSI J
~
\
\
120
140 KSI f-I ~

~
\
NORMALizwr'""
80
\
TENSION )
I
40
Fro a 140 TO 200 KSI (10)
Fro 270 ICSI (35) I
NUMBERS OF CYCLES I
FIG. 3.059 SN CURVES FOR 4340 WELDS (OXWELD 0
0
I I I
8 16 24 32
71 FILLER METAL) (3 B, p. 10)
1000 ICSI
(1) Origin of failure within specimen or 11111out FIG. 3.0641 TAJIVENTMODULUSCURVES IN
(2) Origin of failure at defect at specimen TENSION FOR DIFFERENT 5rREJIV11i
(3) Palled at bearing hole or In parent metal surface LllVELS (10, p. 29) (35)

CODE 1206
PAGE 21
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963

Fe(O .iC)-1.8NIO.BCr0,25M
Fe 0.064 IN SHEET
15251', 10 MIN, AC 240
0.4 c 200 +BOOF, I HR
F'Ill 200 K
1.8 Ni ---~..._

0.8 Cr
160
0.25Mo

4340,43 37 iii 120 1-__;~~---+"-__;)od..._--li-1

:.:

W ~~~~.~-~PARB~~NT~~ME==TA~
A WELD METAL
-BIAXIAL
--- UNlAXJAL
40 ~6--~--~---~
oL---~~--~~L-~~-U..J
ROLLING DIRECT
PARALLEL 1U
0 16 24 32 PRIN STRBSS
1000 KSI 0
0 0.004 0.008 0.012
FIG. 3.0642 TII~EirrMODULUS CURVES IN SI'RAIN-IN PBR IN
COMPRESSION AT ROOM liND MAXPRIN
ELEVATED TEMPERII11JRES
FIG. 4. 036 BIAXIAL AND UNIAXlAL
(20, p. 29)
STRBSS-STRAIN CURVBS
OF WELD AND PARENT
METAL (35, p. 8)
2 Specimen per temper tested

Fe(0.4C)1 .8NI0,8Cr 0.25t. o

3 /
7

2
,"' '(AIR

1--

/
/ __ , ,,
TCYriiL TIME

v . . . . ::;:;::.- ~L--
SALT~

16 24 32
0
---- HOLDI~G TIME
1000 KSI 0 2 3
FIG. 3.065.1 SECANT MODULUS CURVES IN THICKNESS (DIAMETER) IN
COMPRESSION AT ROOM AND
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES FIG. 4.043 HEATIJIC ANOIIUSTENITIZI~
(20, p. 29) TIMES FOR VARIOUS THICKNESSES
(5, p. 6)

CODE 1206
PAGE 22

REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
~-
REFERE!>I: llS .
1 AMS 6359A, (Dec01nbur 1, 1950)
2
3
AMS 6415E, (May !, 1954)
AMS 6413C, (May 1, 1954)
4 AMS 64120, Oune 1, 1951)
5 Bendix Products Division, "Proce SpecUication",
P. S. 2101; (March 18, 1958)
Loclcheed Aircraft Corp., Process Bulletin", No.
220-M, Rev. ts, (October 15, 1958)
The Cleveland Fnewnatic Tool Co., "Heat Treatment
aod Proceaalug or Steel Part& In the 260,000 280, 000
PSI Ultimate Tensile Streugth Rauge", CPT Spec. No.
6205, Rev. 1, (April 23, 1956)
North American Aviation, Inc., "Alloy Steel AlSI 4340",
AL-2604, (December 1954)
9 McCee, R. L., Campbell, j. B., Carlson, L. R. and
Manning, G. K., "The Mechanical Properties of Certain
Aircraft Structural Metals at Very Low Temperature",
WADC TR 58386, (November 1958)
10 MliHdblc-5, "Strength or Metal Aircraft Elements",
Battelle Memorial Institute, (December 30, 1958)
11 Sachs, G. and Scheven, G., "Relation Between Direct
Stress and Bending Fatl,l(ue ol Hllth StreiiS!th Steels",
ProceedlngsASTM, Vol. 57, p. 667681, (1957)
12 Sachs, G., "Survey of Low-Alloy Alrcrsft Steels
Heat Treated to High Strength Levels", WADC TR
53254, Pt. 2, (August 1954)
13 Sachs, G., "Survey or LowAIIoy Aircraft Sleet&
Heat Treated to High Strength Levels", WADC TR
53254, Pt. 4, (December 1953)
14 Sachs, G. and Klier, E. P., "Survey or LowAIIoy
Aircraft Sleets Heat Treated to High Strength Levels",
WADC TR 53254, Pt. 5, (September 19S4)
15 Muvdl, B. B., Sachs, G. and Klier, E. P., "Design
Properties of High Strength Steels In the Presence of
Stress Concentrations", WAOC TR 56395, Pt. I,
(December 1956)
16 Kllnger, R. P., "Effect of Strain Rate on rhe Tensile
Properties or SAE 4340 Steel", WADC TR 53507,
(February 1955)
17 Ragland. F.j.,. Jr., and Barret, G. N., Jr., "Evaluation
of Forging of 4340 Modified, 4340, and 98840 Steels
at High-Strength Levels", WADC TR 5489, (March
1954)
18 Trapp, W.J,, "Elevated Temperature Fatigue Properties
of SAE 4340 Sleel", WADC TR 52325, Pt. 1, (Dee
ember 1952)
19 Klier, B. P., MuvdJ, B. B.,. and Sachs, G., "Design
Properties of High-Strength Steels In the Presence of
Stress-Concentrations and Hydrogen Embrhtlement",
WADC TR 5518, Pt. I, (November 1954)
20 NACA TN 3315, (1954)
21 SUR! Collected Data
22 Lodge, J. W. and Manning, G. K., "The Mechanical
Properties or ~enched and Tempered Medium Carbon
Alloy Steels", American Iron and Steel Institute,
(March 1956)
23 NACA Tech. Note 2957, p. 8, (1953)
24 Amessen, J. E.,. .. Personal Communication'",. Piatt
& Whitney Aircraft, (May 7, 1959)
25 S..chs, G., Sessler, J, and Yeh, T., Syracuse Unli<J1958)
26 AF 5929, p. 31, (1949)
27 Clenn L. Martin Co., "Elevated Temperature Tensile
Properties ot SA E 4340 Steel Heat Treated to 260, 000-
280,000 psl U!Umate Tensile Strength", ER 91454,
(May 3, 1957)
28 Alloy Digest, "AISI-4340, Filing Code: SA-14,
(February 1954)
29 Espey,jones .and Brown, Proc.ASTM,(J959)
30 Sachs, G.,. Welfls,. V. and Klier, E. P., ''Effects of a
Number of Heat and Testing Variables on the Notch
Strength of 4340 Steel", Ptoc,ASTM, Vol. 56, p. 599, (1956)
31 Ml!lcon, M.A.,. "Ultra High Strength Steel for Aircraft
Structures", Loclcheed Aircraft Corp., p. 7, (Oct
ober 1953)
32 Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., "Design Data for High
Streugtb Steel", Bulletin No. 501, Oune 1954)
FeUH
33 Van Echo, jol10 A., Wirth, W. F. and Simmons, Ward
F.,. "Short .. Time Creep Properties of Structural Sheet Fe
Materials for Aircraft and Missile&", AF TR 6731,
34
Part Ill, (May 1955)
Bendix Products Division, "Process SpecUications
c
0.4
Special Process for Parts Heat Treated to 260, 000
280,000 psi UTS", P. S. 6001, (December 9, 1958)
Ni
1.8
35 "Studies or Design Criteria for Welded Slructures 0.8 Cr
Subjected to a Biaxial Slress Field", ASDTDR-621109,
Qanuary 1963) 0.25 Mo
36 Banerjee, B. R. and Hauser, J. T., "Research and
Application Engineering to Determine the Effect ol
Processing Variables on Crsclc Propagation or High 4340,4337
Strength Steel& and Titanium", ASDTDR-621034,
Pt: 1, (April 1963)
37 Levy, V. and Nordquist, F.C., "Properties or Materials
SAB 4340 Chrome DUfuslon Processed", Rep. FGT250J,
Oanuary 18, 1960)
38 Glorioso, F.J. and Nordquist, F.C,, "Determination
or Welded 4340 Steel FaUgue Properties", Rep. FGT
2576, General Dynsmlcs, Oanuary 30, 1962)
39 Oxborrow, S. B.,. "Filler Metal, Electrode and Filler
Wire for SAE 4340 Steel, 260292 KSI Heat Treat
Range Evaluation of", General Dynamics,. Rep. FTOM
2690, Uanuary 30, 1962)
McDoMell, "Heat Treatment of 4330 Modified and 4340
Steels to High Tensile Strength Ranges", Rep. 9077,
Ser. 1, (October 10, 1962)
Ceneral Dynamics, ''Methods of PrcdtctlfiH .lndtor
Improving Materials Fatigue LUe", Rep. No. FGT
2096, (October 24, 1962)
42 Matas, S. T. and Muuger, H. P., "Notch Sensitivity ol
Candidate Materials for the B58 Lsnd Gear Program",
Republic Steel Co., Phase Rep. No. I, Proj. 12078,
(May 1, 1962)
43 Weiss, v., Sessler, J. and Grewal, K., "The Effect
of Stress Gradient arxl Stress Biaxlality on the Behavior
of Materials", ASD TR 61725, (November i961)
44 Mittenbergs, A.A. and Beall, L.O., Jr., "Effects of
Pin-Interference and Bolt Torque on Fatigue Strength
of Lug joints", ASTM Reprint No. 67, (1963)
45 "Strain Aging and Delayed Failure In High-Strength
Steels," ASD TDR62968, (November 1962)
46 Elizondo, Y.j., Turner, C. T. and Vorhes, W. B.,.
"Steel Aircraft Castiugs", ASDTR617630,
(August 1961)
47 Hanna, G. L. and Steigerwald, E. A., "Fracture
Characteristics of Structural Metals", Final Summary
Rep. ER5426 Bureau o! Naval Weapons RRM/1223,
Oune 30, 1963)
48 Vagi, J.J., Lepkowski, W.J., Miuhler, H. W. and
Pattee, H. E., "'Review of Recent Developments In
Metals Joining", DMIC Memo 125, (September :, 1961)
49 "Design Properties as llrfected by Cryogenic Temp
eratures", DMIC Memo 81, Oanuary 24, 1961)
50 Manning, G.K .. "How Should You Evaluate High
Strength Materials", .M!!!Is Prosress, Vol. 80, No. 3,
(September 1961)
51 Marschall, C. W "'The F:~~lors L"'lfh~nctng the Frac:lur.e
Characteristics or HighSirength Steel", DMIC ':eport
147, (February 6, 1961)
52 United Slate Steel, "Atlas of Isothermal Transformation
Diagrams", (1951)
53 DiCesare. R. "Mechanical Properties ol Cold~Orawn
Martensitlc SAE 4340 Steel Rod", To be Presented
ASTM Meeting, Atlantic City, N.J., Uune 23 28, 1964)
54 Oxborrow, S. B., "Evaluation of Materials Filler Metals
for Low Alloy Steels", Report No. FTDM2776, General
Dynamics, Uanuary 30, 1962)
55 Morrison, J, D., "An Investigation or Methods for
Determining the Crack Propagation Resitance or High
Strength Alloys", Southern Research Institute, Bimonthly
Progress Report No. 5, (August 1960)
CODE 1206
PAGE 23
 r.:un

I
~{
,':

..........
:xf ;
REVIS EDMA RCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

tt,, \oi(')Jir
1. GENERAL
This alloy Is a high carbon, high chromium alloy bearing
steel !or anti-frict ion bearings and parts requiring high
1.055 Martemp er. Heat to 1550 F, quench In salt hath at 500 F,
hold at 500 F about 5 min per In cross sectloo, cool In air,
temper at 350 F to obtain 60 to 63 RC, (2). I
Fe
c
heat treated hardness of approxlm ately Ro::kwell C 60,
;;-.
combined with excellent wear resistanc e, medium tough-
1.06 HordennbUUx_ 1.45 Cr
End quench hardennb lllty, Fig. 1. 061.

f~-
1.061
ness and high fatigue strength. It can be !urnished as air 1.0611 End quench hardenab illty as a !unctioo of quenching tern-
Is
' or vacuum melted forgings, bars and tubing. The alloy perature and Initial condition , Fig. 1.0611.
best machined In the spheroldl zed ann~led coodJtion. It 1.062 Effect of temperin g temperat ure on hardness after oU 52100
has low resistanc e to softening at hlgb temperat ures and
quench, Fig. 1. 062.
~
ff.
shows much greater dlmenslo oal changes than carbon steels 1.063 Effect of mass and temperin g temperat ure oo surface hard-
of correspo nding carboil content under all condition s of

J~
ness, Fig. 1.063.
heat treatmen t. Generally , propertie s vary with the spe- 1.064 Effect of temperin g temperat ure and exposure time on
cl!lc melting practice, composit ion, heat treatmen t, forg- room temperat ure hardness , Fig. 1.064.
!: Ing reduction s, section size and form, (1, p.1). Effect of test temperat ure on hot hardness , Fig. 1. 065.
1.055
tr.
1.01 Commer cial Designati on. 52100. Forms and Condition s Available
;0 1.07
f.'. 1.071 Alloy I& iiV.iiiiiiil eliiitot and cold rolled bars, forgings or
;,;. 1.02 Alternate Designat ions. SAE 52100, Al51 E 52100, AlSl forging stock, and cold finished heavy walled tubing. Bars
52100.
:~: and tubing are normally supplied In a machinab le condition
f;'. 1.03 ~l!lcatlons. Table 1.03. with micro-st ructure of spheroldl zed cementit e In a ferrite
of
matrix with hot rolled bars having a maximum hardness
~.\',, TABLE 1 03 Brln'lll 207.; cold rolled hars,a maximum of Brlnel1 248;hot
b Form Military Federal ASTM finished tublng,a maximum of Roclcwell B 95;and cold fin-
t:,
AM5
6440 D Bar, forgings MIL-S-7420 QQ-S-611
-
-
- Ished tubing, a maximum of Rockwell C 24, (3)
~:-.
t: . 6441 B Tubing, mechanic al -
~; - Billets for rolling, forging
ball and roller bearings
- -
A-295-61 1.08
1.081
Melting and Casting Practice
Electric furnace air melt, Induction vacuum melt, consum-
able electrode vacuum melt.
1.031 Oecnrbur lzatlon speclflca tlon8 for coils, bars and tubes,
~
Table 1.031. Special Consider ations
f. ..
i, AM5 6440 D and 6441 B specify that protectio n by suitable
TABLE I 031
i.
ASTM (10, p, 1159) means, including controlle d atmosphe res, should be used to
Source
Fe-(1C)- 1.45Cr minimize scaling and prevent either carburlza tlon or de-
All~ carburlza tlon during heat treatmen t, (3).
Form
Colis, Bars ~s Colis, Bars Tubes 1.092 The fatigue Impact and notch-ten sUe strength of this alloy,
.... bars
bars at hardness between Roclcwell C 50 and C 65,are Improved
Ann CF nal
Condition HRAnn HR by Induction vacuum melting as compared with conventio
~~ Size -In Depth of dccarbur lzatlon , In - maximum air melt,wbl le no effect Is observed In static tensile
-
---
".'~'' ~ 0. 250 0.005 -- - 0.003 - strength, (5, p, 652).
> 0.250 to ~0. 500 0.006 - 0.004 - - !.093 Retained austenite above approxlm ately 4 percent causes
> 0.500 to ~0. 750 0.008 -- -- 0.006 - - Increased rolling friction and local yielding at lower coR-
> 0. 750 to ~1.000 0.010 -
0.008
-
- - tact stresses than those for material containin g no re-
~ 1.000 -0.012 0.015 0.012
-
0.012 0.010 tained austenlle , (9, p.1).
> 1.000 to ~2.000 -.0.017 0.022 0.020 0.015 0.014
> 2. 000 to ~3. 000 0.025 0.030 0.030 --
0.025 0.019
- 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
> 3. 000 to ~4. 000 -0.035 0.045 0.035 0.024
> 4. 000 tosS. 000 - 0.055 0.065 0.040 - - 0.028
2.01 Thermal Propertie s
2.011 Melting range.
For balls and rollers
2.012 Phase changes. Critical temperat ures:
A = 1400 F, A = 1300 F,
1.04 Composi tion. Table 1. 04. 1 Ar 1 = 1310 F
Ac = 1440 F r3
TABLE 1 01 c2 '
AM5 (3,p.1} ASTM IO,p.IIS8) Crucible (l,p.l Ac3 =1385 F, See Fig. 2.0121.
Source Fig. 2.0121.
Percent 2.0121 Time temperat ure transform ation diagram,
Percent Percent
Min Max Min Max Nominal 2.(J13 Thermal conductiv ity
1.10 1.00 2.014 Thermal expansio n, Table 2. 014.
Carbon 0.95 1.10 0.95
1.30 1.60 1.30 1.60 1,50 TABLE 2 014
Chromiu m
Copper - - -
0.25 - lS!Iurce lJ o.l\
Harden
0.25 0.45 0.25 0.45 0.35 Condition Ann
Mangane se
Molybdenum - - --
0.08 -- Temp- F 10-o In per In per F
- -
Nickel
Silicon
Sulfur
0.20
--
0.35
0.025
0.20
0.35
0.35
-
0.025
0.25
0.025
- 148 to 32
32 to 212
5.61
6.62 I 5,88
7.00

Yolosphorus 0.025 -
0.025 0.025
Balance 2.02 ~_c:.~slcal Propertie s
Iron Balance Balance 2.021 Density. 0.281b per cu ln. 7. 74 gr per cu cm,(l).
2.022 Electrica l resistivit y
1.05 Heat Treatme nt Magnetic propertie s. Steel Is ferromag netic.
2.023
1.051 Normaliz e. 1650 to 1700 F, air cool, (2).
to
1.052 Anneal. Heat to 1250 to 1340 F, hold 5 hr. Heat to 1430
2.03 Chemlca~les
1460 Fat 10 F per hr, hold 8 hr. Cool to 1320 Fat 10 F Corrosion resistanc e
2.031
per hr. Cool to 1250 Fat furnace rate and air cool, (4). Oxidation resistanc e
2.032
1.053 Spherold ize. Slow cool (about 5 F per hr) following austen-
ltlzlng by extended heating at a t<llllperature near the Acm Nuclear Propertie s
2.04
point or by Isotherm al transformatio~ at 1275 F following
austenltlz lng, (1). MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
In 3.
1.054 Harden. Quench in water from 1425 to 1475 F or quench
,
oil from 1500 to 1600 F, then temper to desired hardness ~tried Mechanic al Propertie s
~.~ (1). (See 1. 061).
.it)
CODE 1207
FeUH
FERRO US ALLOYS REVISE DMARC H 1963

3.02 Mechanlc;al Pro2!:nles at Room Te m!!!!rature

Fe 3.021 Typical mechanical propenles, Table 3. 021. 80
Fe-(1C)-1. 45Cr
I
I c Source
TABLE 3.021
2 -~
(1
1.45 Cr Alloy Fe IC)1.45Cr

~ ' , __
Form 1 In bar 7/161n bar 1 In round
Spheroldlze d Ann SpheroldlzedAnnCJ: (2)
Condition turned and 1/32 In 1/16 In
52100 Ann Norm
polished CD draft draft
Ftu - ksl 94.4 107.0 104.8 124 100 185
~~
F - ksl 62.0 87.5 91.2 106 81
e ~ ln)-percent
139
27.0 17.0 25.0 16 25 13 (4) '7.;
RA percent 62.5 54.9 57.0 50 57 20
Hardness
BHN 179 229 229 262 192 353
3.022 Room temperatur e compressio n propenles, Fig. 3. 022. 0
3.023 Room temperatur e tenslcn properties, Fig. 3. 023. 8 16 24 32 40
J.024 Effect Of hardriess on room temperatur e torsion Impact DlSTANCB FROM QUENCHED BND OF SPBClMBN
properties, Fig. 3. 024. SIXTBBNTHS INCH
3.025 Effect of tempering temperatur e on room temperatur e ten- FIG. 1.061 END QUENCH HARDENABILlTY
slle propentes, Fig. 3. 025. See also Figs. 1. 062, 3. 022
and 3.023. (2) (4)

3.03 Mechanical Propenles at Various Temperatu res

3.031 Short time tension propenles
3.0311 Compariso n of room temperatur e and 350 F tension and
compressio n properties, Fig. 3. 0311.
3.032 Short time properties other than tension
3.0321 Effect of test temperatur e on compressiv e yield strength,
Fig. 3. 0321.
3.033 Static stress concentrati on effects

3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties

3.05 Fatigue Properties

3.051 Fatigue properties at room temperatur e
3.0511 Comparison of room temr,ratur e and 350 F rotating bend-
lng fatigue strength at 10 cycles !or electric furnace and
Induction vacuum heats, f!&. 3. 0511. '
3.0512 Room temperatur e S-N curves In rotating bending at
several hardness levels, Fig. 3. 0512.

3. 06 Elastic Properties

4. FABRICATION

4. 01 Forming and Casting.

4. 011 Forging. Stanlng temperatur e 1850 to 1050 F, finishing
temperatur e 1550 F minimum, (1, p.1).

4. 02 Machining
Spheroidize annealed cold drawn bars have a machinabil ity 70
rating of 37 percent of AlSI B 1112 steel and cuts at a speed
of 63 sfpm. Hot rolled, annealed bars have a machinabil ity
rating of 45 percent of AlSI B 1112 steel. The character of
its chip Is continuous and stringy, (2). Ill 60
~
4.03 Wei~
g
t)

4.04 Heating and Heat Treating. See 1. 05. 50

!ll
Ill
4. 05 Surface Treat tns- ~
a:
< 40
x
...:1
...:1
~
:.:
30
8
a:

3.0
DISTANCE FROM QUENCHED Ef\:D- IN
FIG. 1.0611 END QUENCH HARDENABIUTY AS A FUCTI0::-1 OF QUENCH-
ING TEMPERATURE AND INtTIAL CONt1mON (S)

L_,/'\"7
 FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

70 F (lC)-1. Cr
Fe-(lC)-1.45Cr
Ill 5/8 OR 3/4 SQ IN BAR
Fe
1550 F, 1 HR. OQ c
~60 ~ ~
u
70
- - BL~TRIC FURNACE
- -- INDUCTION VACllt&{
-
1.45 Cr
~
~ ...... I~ 60~~=-~~--+-~~~----~----~ 52100
0
I

~50 OREF (2)

~
e REF (3) 3 IN CUBE 1550 F, 0Q
~ I~ t---t-~o:f;:::~~~~---1
r
a:30
~ a:

TEMPERING TBMPBRATURE - F
PIG. 1. 064 BFFBCT OF TBMPBRING TEMPERATURE AND
20 BXPOSURB TlMB ON ROOM TBMPBRATURB
0 200 600 800 1000 1200 1400
HARDNESS
TBMPBRING TBMPBRATIJRB - F (7, tbl. UI)
FIG. 1. 062 BFPBCT OF TBMPBRING TBMPERATIJRB ON HARDNBSS AF"l"BR
OILQUBNCH
(1, p. 3) (2)

Ill
~?or---~----~--~~~~~~
tj Fe-(1C)-1. 45Cr
o:n 5/8 OR 3/4 SQ IN BAR
U 1550 F, 1 HR, OQ
+400 F 2 HR
160
~ 50~-+---~--~~-+-~
~
~

~ --ELECTRIC FURNACE
40 L_-----~INDU~~CTI~O~N~Y~A~C~UUM~~---~--~~
~
-
0 200 400 600 1000

~)
Fe(1C)-1. 45Cr TBMP- F
.a. "'
1 IN _I
FIG. l. 065 EFFECT OF TF.sT TEMPBRATIJRE ON HOT
HARDNESS (7, Fig. 40 41)
, li/2 1N .1525 F, WQ
2 IN

0
1:.
D
'" ~)
1 IN
li/ 2 IN 1550 F, 0Q
v 2 lN I600~--------r---------r-------~~e~-~(1~C)~--.l.~4~5Cr~
I
A"
70
. --
ASQUB~CHED

o-
- ~~
...,

,__
o- 1--
-- >---
9-
--- 1--- __ _, ---
J

200
A ,; AUSTBNJTI! C CARBIDE
RT 100 200 300 500 P PBRRITB M MARTBNSITB
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F
TIMB- SBC
PIG. 1.063 BPFBCT OP MASS AND TBMPBRING TBMPBRA-
TURE ON SURFACE HARDNESS PIG. 2.0121 T1MB TBMPBRATIJRE TRANSPORMA"UON DL\GRAM
(1, p.3) (6)

CODE 12071
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

500 "'F'"'e--(""Ic"'>""-I"". ""'4..,Ser=---..----...--- "T""----,

Fe 0.500 INDIA ROD
Fe-(1C)-1;45Cr
1535 F, OQ TUBING -
I C

\
AUST 1525 F! 0Q
+320 F, 30 MIN
1.45 Cr +TEMPER TO INDICATED R

52100
160
"~ FTU

r--.....
.........
~ 400
~~--~--~ ~--~--~----~
~
FTY"
e INDUCTION VACUUM
o ELECTRIC FURNACE, AVG OF SEVERAL
~
120
HEATS
~

ROCKWELL HARDNBSS - C SCALE

PIG. 3.022 ROOM TEMPERATURE COMPRESSION PROPER-
TIES (5, p. 643)
68
RA

e
- ~ -_.
0
800 900 1000 1100 1~
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - P
FIG. 3.025 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
ON ROOM TEMPERATURE TENSILE PRO-
PBRTIBS
(4)

.cooPc-(1C)-1. 45Cr
1535 F, OQ
+320 F, 30 MIN
~LB---~52------~L---~--~6~4---~68 +TB~R TO INDI-
300 CATB RC
ROCKWBLLHARDNE SS-CSCALB
FIG. 3.023 ROOM TEMPERATURE TENSION PROPERTIES
(5, p.643)
200
500

~
400

200L--L----L-----,..t=:..:..:.:=..;~=~
48 52 56 64
ROCKWELL HARDNESS - C SCALE
ROCKWELL HARDNESS - C SCALE
FIG, 3, 024 EFFECT OF HARDNESS ON ROOM TEM- FIG. 3.0311 COMPARISON OF ROOM TEMPERATURE AND 350 P
PBRAnJRB TORSION IMPACT PROPBRTIBS TENSION AND COMPRESSION PROPBRTIBS
(2) (5, p. 650)

CODE 12071
 FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

200 Fe-(lC)-1. 45Cr

Fe-(1C)-1. 45Cr 0. 500 INDIA BAR Fe
5/8 OR 3/4 SQ IN BAR 1325 F. OQ
1550 F, 2 HR, OQ + 320 F, 30 MIN I C
~~+~~~F~,~~H~R---1------t------+----~ 180 +TEMPER TO INDICATED RC:_!--- +--1
1.45 Cr
--- tNDUCTioN VACUUM
ELECI'RIC FURNACB(61 RC - - ELECTRIC FURNACE
INDUcriON VACUUM(62 RC ~:!:12)
52100

500 600 700 800 900

TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.0321 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON COMPRESSIVE
YIELD STRENGTii
(1, tbl. VI)

FIG. 3.0512 ROOM TEMPERATURE S-N CURVES IN

ROTATING BENDING AT SBVBRAL HARD-
NESS LBVBLS (APPROXIMATE) (5, p.646)

16 0 Fe-(IC)-1. 45Cr
0.500 INDIA BAR
1535 F, OQ
+320;F, 30 MIN
140 +TEMPER TO INDICATED RC REFERENCE S

Crucible Steel Co. or America, "Preliminary Data Sheet -

;,
~~~ ~~~ (+3)
AlSI 52100", {Received March 16, 1961)
\\
'
120
RT ~- 2 Alloy Digest, "AlSI E 52100", FUlng Code: SA-16, Steel
~ (+10) Alloy, (Aprll 1954)
'
I'
(-~ 1-"(+4)
3 AMS 6440 D and AMS 6441 8, Uune 1, 1951 and Dec. I,
l
\: ~ 100 (-2)- ~)
5)
(-t6) ~14l-
- 1-(-14)- ( -3)
1950)
I" 4 Rowland, B. s.. Timken Roller Bearing Co., Personal
~ (~) v 350 F
Letter, (May 20, 1959)
Sachs, G., Sell, R. and Brown, w. F., Jr., "Tension,
~
<+iii"i" 5
f,' (-5)
"-(+2)
(-0) (:tO)
--- Compression and Fatigue Properties of Several Steels for
Aircraft Bearing Applications" , Proc. ASTM, Vol. 59
(1959)
6 United States Steel Corp., "AUas or Isothermal Diagrams",
( ) EXPERIMENTAL SCATTER (1951)

f" 60 II) CURVE VALliE

- - - ELECTHIC FURNACE
- - INDUCTION VA..:lRJM
I 7 Bhat, G. K. and Nchrenberg. A. E., "A Study of the
Metallurgica l Properties of Bearing Msterlals at Temper
arures In the Range Room Temperature to 1000 F for Air-
-----EXTRA POLATED DATA craft Service", WAOC TR 57343, (April 1957)
40 8 Rowland, E. s., Welchncr, J. and Marshall, R. H.
-:'- 48 52 56 60 64 68
:-. "Chromium In Steel", ASM, Metals Handbook, (1948)
ROCKWELL HARDNESS - C SCALE
t 9 Orutowsld, R. c. and Mikus, E. B., General Motors Corp.
PIG. 3.0511 COMPARISON OF ROOM TEMPERATURE AND "The EUect of Ball Bearing Steel Structure on Rolling
350 F ROTATING BENDING FATIGUE STRENG1lf Friction and Contact Plastic Deformation" , (Nov. 23, 1959)
ATI0 8 CYCLES FOR ELECTRIC FURNACE AND 10 "Standanl SpecUicatlon for CarbonChro mum Ball- aod
INDUCTION VACUUM HEATS (APPROXIMATE) Roller-Beari ng Steet; ASTM Designation: A 295-61, Pt. 1, (1961)
,:,
{ (5, p.646-647)
......

I CODE 12071
 rc:un
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GENERAL 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

nus steel has moderately high hardenabUity and Is general- Fe
ly heat treated to 160 to 180 ksl tensUe strength level. At 2.-01 Thermal Properties ..
strength levels of 180 ksl or below, 8630 has good toughness. 2.01i Melting point, (1). 2740 F approximately. 0.3 c.
The alloy Is produced In most wrought forms and castings. 2.012 Phase' changes
It Is metallurgically slmUar to 4130 and other low alloy 2.0121. Critical temperatures: 0.55 Ni
steels of almUar carbon content, (1) (2, p. 64). =
Ac 1 1350 F A = 1330 F
0.5 Cr
A 3 =1480 F Ae1 =1450F
Me3 , 700 F
1.01 Commercial Designation. 8630. 1
A~ =1210 F
Ar 3 = 1340 F t4' = (5()%) 600 F
0.25 Mo
1.02 Alternate Designation. A1SI 8630 and SAE 8630. 8630 H Mt = (9()%) 5-'0 F, (1).
Indicates the steel Is supplied to hardenabU lty speclflca- 2.013 Thermal conductlvtty. 21.7 Btu ft per (hr sq ft F). 8630
tlons rather than to chemistry specifications. 2.014 Thermal expansion, (1). At 0 to 200 F, 6;3 x 106 In per
In per F. 0 to 1200 F, 8.1 x 10-6 In per In per F.
1.03 Specifications. Table 1. 03. 2.015 Specific heat. 0. 107 Btu per (lb F).
TABLE 1 03
AMS Form Mllltarv 2. 02 Other Physical Properties
6280 c Bar, forging, forging :oct MILS-6050 2.021 Density. 0.2831b per cu ln. 7.83 gr per cu em.
6281 B Heavy wall, mechanical tubing 2.022 Electrical resistivity, (1). At 120 F, 11.8 microlun-ln.
6355 F Sheet, strip, plate ANS-12 570 F, 18.9 microhm-ln.
6530 D Tubing, seamless MILT-6732 2. 023 Magnetic properties. Steel Is ferromagnetic.
6550 D Tubing, welded MILT-6734
5334 A Investment casting 2. 03 Chemical Properties
5335 A Sand casting 2. 031 See 4340, 4337 ARDC TR 59-66.
1.04 Composition. Table 1.04.
2.04 Nuclear Properties
TABLE 1 04 2.041 See 4340, 4337 ARDC TR 59-66.
Source AMS(3)(4)(5)(6) 7 AMS(8) AMS(9
Percent Percent Percent 3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Min Max Min Max Min Max
Carbon 0.28 0.33 0.25 0.35 0.25 0.33 3. 01 Specified Mechanical Properties
Chromium 0.40 0.60 0.35 0.65 0.40 0.90 3. 011 AMS specified mechanical properties, Table 3. 011.
Manganese 0.70 0.90 0.60 0.95 0.60 0.95 TABLE 3 011
Molybdenum 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.30 0.15 0.25 Source AMS 6, (71
Nickel 0.40 0. 70 0.35 0.75 0.40 1.10 AIIQl' Fe- 0. 3C -0. 55NiO. 5CrO. 2:.Mo
SUicon
Phosphorus
0.20
-
0.35
0.040
--
1.00
0.040
0.30
-
0.60
0.040 Form Steel tubing, seamless and welded,
full tube and strip
Sulfur
Iron
- 0.040
Balance
-
0.040
Balance
- 0.040
BalancP. Condition Norm and temper, stress relieved or otherwise
heat treated after the Ia st cold drawing operation
1.05 Heat Treatment Diameter - In OD< 0.5 OD> o.s
1.051 Anneal. 1475 to 1525 F, furnace cool, (1). Wall <0.18! Wall>0.188 Wall< 0.188 Wall> 0.188
nucl:ness In
1.052 Normalize. 1575 to 1625 F, air cool,. (1).
AMS specifies 1690 to 1710 F, (3) (4) and 1700 to 1750 F, Ftu' min - ksi 95 90 95 90
Fty' min - ksl 75 70 75 70
1 hr minimum, (8) (9).
1.053 Harden. 1500 to 1575 F, oU or water quench, (1). e (2 ln)percent 10 10 12 15
AMS specifies 1515 to 1535 F, (3) (4) (5) and 1590 to 1610 F, full tube

1.054
(8).
Temper. Not lower than 900 F for 30 min, (5). Not lower
e (2 ln)percent
strlD
- - 7 10

than BOO F, (8). Not lower than ll50 F for at least I hr, (9).
3. 02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
3. 021 Relationship of hardness and room temperature tensUe
1.06 HardenabUity strength of 100 percent martensite quenched bar and sheet,
1.061 AlSISAE end quench hardenablllty, Fig. 1.061. Fig. 3.021.
1.062 Effect of time at 1000 F on room temperature hardness for 3. 022 Tension properties
various heat treatments, Fig. 1. 062. 3.0221 Typical tension properties of bar and tube, Table 3.0221.
1.07 Forms and Conditions Avallable
1.071 The alloy Is avaUable In the full commercial range of sizes
for bar, rod, plate, sheet, strip, tubing, forging and cast-
Ing. .
1.072 Products are avallable In- hot rolled or forged, normalized,
annealed and tempered conditions to a variety of desired
strengths. nus steel Is also used for sand and Investment
castings.
TABLE 3.0221
SOlll"Ce
.AilJrL Fe-(0. 3C -0. 55NI-D. SCrO. 25Mo
Fm"m Bar Tuhlng
CD Nolmalized Q 1550 F and temper
Condition
Thickness - In
Unannealed
I round
1
Ann As received 1650 F 1700 F 1100 F
1 QD X 1/16 Wall
I
900 F I 700 F

Ftu' typ - ksi 119 95 11.4 114.1 118.5 133.2 163.4 196.4
F , typ - ksi Ill 86 82.6 61.5 63.4 126.4 160.2 184.2
e ~2 In) typ percent 13 16 23.8 22. 2 21.5 17.0 16.5 8. 7
RA, typ - perc.,nt
Hardness surface
48 52 - - - - - -
BHN 241 197 245 262 262 286 360 ru
Converted from Vicker s hardness

'
'
CODE
PAGE
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVIEJEI>t MARCH 1963

3.0222 Tension propextie s of cast bar, Table 3. 0222.

Fe 4.02 Machining
0.3 c Source
TABLE 3.0222
(13 D.4
4.021 Machlnaht llty is slmUar to other low alloy steels (see
4340 and 4337).
Alloy Fe- O. 3C)O. SSNI-o. 5CrO. 25Mo
0.55 Ni Form Csst bar - stsndard tensile sneclmens
4.022 Best machlnaht lity is olxalned using material annealed aDd
cold drawn, (1).
0.5 Cr Coodltll'U Normalize d 1650 F, Q 1550 F, 4.023 The use of sulfurized or chlor.tnate d oUs containing sulfur
tempered 1200 F tempered 1200 F as cutting lubricants is recommen ded, (1).
0.25 Mo Diameter In 0.50 0.22
Ftu -Its! 110.5 4.03 Welding
137.5
p Jest 85.6 4.031 Geoeral. This steel has gciod weldahtlit y by any of the
J25.8
8630 e ty(2 In) - percent 19.0 14.8
4.032
staD<lard welding methods, (1).
Shielded- arc carhoo-mo lyhdenwn electrode s are recom-
RA percent 53.7 34.5
~ardoess BHN 223 286
mended. Bare type electrodes produce brittle welds, (i).
4.033 A pre-heat from .'300 to 500 F followed by Stress relief at
1100 to 1200 F are recommen ded, (1).
3.0223 Stress strsln curves for two Strength levels, Ffg. 3.0223.
3.0224 Effect of tempering temperatu re on room temperatu re ten- 4.04 Heating and Heat Treating
sUe properties of bar and sheet. Ffg. 3.0224.
3.023 Effect of tempering temperatu re on room temperatu re 4.05 Surface Treating
compress ive yield streDgth of bar, Fig. 3. 023.
3.024 Effect of tempering temperatu re on room temperatu re
torsion properties of bar, Ffg. 3. 024.
3.025 Effect of tempering temperatu re an room temperatu re
hearing propertie s of sheet, Ffg. 3. 025.
3.026 Effect of tempering temperatu re on room temperatu re 1m-
60 r---Fe-.-(0-.~3-C~).-0...5~5~N~i-~0-:.5:-:c=-r--:::-o.-=2~5:-:M
pact Strength, Ffg. 3. 026. o:-1
3.027 Effect of tempering temperatu re on room temperatu re
notch tensile Strength and ductUity, Ffg. 3. 027. 86 0 H

3.03 Mechanica l Properties at Various Temperat ures

3.031 Short time tension propertie s
3.0311

3.0312
Stress strain curves from room temperatu re to 1200 F for
sheet at 125 ksl room temperatu re FlU' Fig. 3. 0311.
Stress Strain curves from room temperatu re to 1200 F for
sheet at 160 ksl room temperatu re Ptu Pig. 3. 0312.
!~40
3.0313 Effects of exposure and test temperatu re on tensile proper .J

~~~~~~~~==~
lies of sheet, Fig. 3. 0313.
3.0314 Effect of low temperatu re on tensile properties for two
heat treatment s, Fig. 3. 0314.
3.032
3.0321
Short time properties other than tension
Stress Strain curves In compress ion at room and elevated
=
temperatu res for sheet atl20 ksl room temperatu re F tu'
Fig. 3. 0321.
3.0322 Stress stralf curves In compresa lon at room and elevated DISTANCE FROM QUHNCHBD END
temperum~es for sheet at !60 ksl room temperatu
re F , SIXI'BEN n! IN
FIE;. 3. (13:\?.. tu
3.0323 FIG. 1.061 AISJSAE END QUENCH HARDENABILITY
Effects of ow and elevated temperatu res on lmp<~ct strength
for "arlous h<!at tr<".ttments, Fig. 3. 0323.
J.0324 Effects of expDsure and test temperatu xe on compress ive (10)
yield stt eng'_h t>! sheet, Fig. 3. Q324,
3.ons Effects <:>f exposure and test temperatu re on hearing proper
lies of sheet, Fig. J. 0325.
3.0326 Effects of expc-.sure and t"s\ temperatu re on shear pr,per
lies of r.heet, rig. J.03:>.6.

3.04 9J:eep and Creep Ruptur;~oenleA.

.3.041 Creep curve01 for shL-et at HW:l anc: i 200 F, Flp:. 3. 041.

3.05 ~':...:!!!'~ Ill

3.051 SN cwves for smooth and notched .:ast han, Fig. 3.051. .J 45
< Fe-(o, 3C)"l. SSNl-o.scr-o. 25Mc
~
3.06 ~?.!"~ u
3.061 Modulus ~f elasticity In compress ion at room and elevated _ .. 44
40

I
temperatu res, Pig. 3. 061.
3.062 Modulus of elasticity In tension at l"oom and elevated tem-
peratures, Fig. 3. 062. 41
3.063 Tangent modulus curves Ill compresil loo at room and elc
vated temperatu res for she'll at 120 ksl room temperatu re ~
.J
35
Ftu Pig. 3. 063. .J
3.064 Tangent modulus curves In O:Clnprc.sslan at room and eJc, Ill
vated temperatu res for shee at 160 ksl room temperatu re
Pru Fig. 3.064. 8"'
cz; I 1000
4. FABRICATION TIME HR
FIG. I. 062 BFFECT OP TIME AT 1000 F ON ROOM TBMPBR-
4.01 Fonnlng a1td Casting ATmE HARDNBSS POR VARIOUS HBAT TRRAT
4.011 Forging. Hot forge between 2000 tQ 2200 P, (I). MENTS
(11, p.9) If r
~f.,

CODE 1208
PAGE 2
 FeUH
REV I SED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
:11'
0
~--r---r---.---- ....
----.280
Fe:-(0. 3C)O. 55Ni -o. 5Cr-o. 25Mo Fe
280 FeiO. 3C)O. 55Ni0. 5CrO. 25Mo
1550 F, OQ
NORM 1roo F 0.3 c
~.4;.2o;.d---+---!-- + 1550 F, WQ 0.55 Ni
+1575F, OQ
0.5 Cr
0.25 Mo

~ 8630
~~~~~~~~--r---11ro~
...
~ 1ro~---+--~~~~~~~~~1~
;
80
~~~6-----~~----~32~---~~----~4~8----~~ ~ 0,530 lN
1

ROCKWELL HARI>Nl!SS - C SCALB A 0.530 lN BAR

0.5051N } 2 14 51
F1G. 3,021 RBLATIONSHIP OF HARDNBSS AND ROOM 80 '9 0.06251N SHBBT (1 ;P )
,,,, TBMPBRATURB TBNSILB STRBNGTIJ OF
RA
100 PBRCEI'IT MARTBN51TE QUBNCHBD
BAR AND SHEET
(12, p.6)

o'~~~:J
400 roo aoo 1000 1~ 1400
TBMPBRlNG TBMP - P
FIG. 3. 0224 EFFBCT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
ROOM TBMPBRATURB TBNSlLB PROPERTIES
OP BAR AND SHBBT
(1) (12, p.14, 51)

~
2~

200
- ~e-(0. 3C)-o. 55Ni -o. ser-o. 25Mo
0.505 IN BAR'
1575 P, 0Q

i21ro
~ FCY

0. 004 0.008
STRAIN IN PER lN
0. 012
I~

roo 800
T~RlNG
""
1000
TBMP - F
1200
...
1400

F1G. 3.023 EPFBCT OF TEMPERING TBMPERATURB ON

PIG. 3. 0223 STRESS STRAIN CURVES FOR ROOM TEMPERATURE COMPRESSIVB YIBLD
TWO STRENGTH LEVIn-S STRBNGTIJ OP BAR
(2, p. 79, 85) (12, p. 28)

CODE 12081
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REV I SED MARCH 1963

Fe Fe-(0.3C)0 .55Ni0.5C rO. 7SMo .360 .------l'e(O. 3C)-D. 5SNIO. 5Cr-D. 25Mo
160 f--e.'" 'f---+- --+0, 505 IN O!A 'BAR
0.3 c iORM 1650 F
~ .......
1575 F, ()Q +1600 F, WQ
0.55 Ni 320
+TEMPER 1 HR

0.5 Cr
0.25 Mo
120
~!OTCH ST!ENGTH

i2 280

""
8630
24o
40L---~-----L----~----J_.___j
400

FIG. 3.024
600 800 I 000 1200 1400
TEMPERING TEMP - F
EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
200
1d '
~607' K = 8. 8

320
ROOM TEMPERATURE TORSION PROPERTIES
OF BAR
(12, p.37) 12 T-tp
':' - . t" /..,
1

Fe-(0.3C)O . SSNI-0. SCrO. 25Mo ~ r-= 0.001

0. o;,o IN SHEET til
u 8
1575 F, OQ a:

/
tzl
0.
280

4
.........
~
u;
)<:
240 NOTCH' DUCTILI
0
400 600 ~00 1000 1200
200 TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3.027 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATJ,JRE
ON ROOM TEMPERATURE NOTCH TENSILE
160 STRENGTH AND DUCTILITY
400 600 1400
(14, Flg.27)
FIG. 3,025 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
ROOM TEMI'ERATURE '8HARING PROPERTIES
OF SHEET
(12, p.60)
1W~----r-----~----T---~
Fe(O. 3C)O. 5SN10. 5Cr-O. 25Mo
Fe-10. 3C)-O. SSNl-0. SCr-0. 25Mo 0. 064 IN SHEET
STANDAR D0.394 IN SQ RT
1550 F, OQ
100
400F

80
(
/ ~r----f~~7~~~~800~~F
600F

"'~
..J
60
I
)l
I

J
0
400
- .,/

ooXJ 800
JZOD V

l(lOQ 1200 1400

0.002 0.004
STRAIN IN PER IN
0.006 0.008

TEMPERING TEMP F
FIG. 3.0311 STRESS STRAIN CURVES FROM ROOM
FIG. 3.026 EFFI!CT OF TftMPERING TEMPERATURE ON TEMPERATURE TO 1200 F FOR SHEET
ROOM TEMPERATURE IMPACT STRENC"Ili AT 125 KSI ROOM TEMPERATURE FTU
(1. p. 2)
(15, p.148153)

COOE
 I \iiiJ'-!' I I

REVISEI > MARCH 19\53 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe-(0. 3C -o. SSNI-Q. SCr-0. 25Mo Fe

0.0641N SHEET
0.3 c
0.55 Ni
0.5 Cr
0.25 Mo

8630

Fe(O. 3C)O. SSNi-0. Scr-o. 25Mo

h.::---+ ---+ 0. 064 IN SHEET 1:1.0

STRAIN IN PER IN
FIG. 3.0312 STRESS STRAIN CURVES FROM ROOM
TEMPERATURE TO 1200 F FOR ~HEET
AT 160 KSI ROOM TEMPERATURE FTU
(15, p.l65-!70)

12Q
RT FTU 120 KSI

80

l2
40

EXPOSURE
e 1/2 HR
o 10 HR
40 .t. 100 HR ---t--~H----t

01
0L----.f00~----~800~--~1~200~--~~~~
TEMP F
FIG. 3.0313 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROP
ERTIES OF SHEET (IS, p. 40, 46)

CODE 1208
PAGE' 5
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

~----~-----r----~----~~-, 180
~ . Fe Fe-(0. 3C)-Q. SSNlO. SCrO. 25Mo Fe-(0. 3C)-Q. SSNl-o. SCr-o. 25Mo
0. 064 IN SHEET
0.3 c
0.55 Ni
0.5 Cr
0.25 Mo

8630

oL---~----~----._----L---~
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMP F
FIG. 3. 0314 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON TEN
SILE PRQPBRTIBS FOR TWO HBAT TREAT RT F 160 ICSI
MBNTS (1) ru

0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008

STRAIN IN PBR IN
FIG. 3.0322 STRESS STRAIN CURVES IN COM
PRESSION AT ROOM AND ELEVATED
Fe-(0. 3C)-o. SSNl-o. scr-o. 25Mo TEMPERATURES FOR SHBET AT
160 KSI ROOM TBMPBRA1URE FTU
(15, p.171175)
Fe-(0. 3C)O.SSNI-Q.5Cr-o. 25Mo
. __:__ 1600 F, WQ +TBMP, 1 HR(14,, F1gs.1315)
A 1500 F, 0Q +TBMP 850 F ( )
1
100 ~_go~N~~M~--~----~-L~~~----~

STRAIN IN PnR IN 0 600

FIG. 3.032~ STRESS STRAIN CURVES IN COM TBMP F
PRESSION AT ROOM AND ELEVATED
I'IG. 3.0323 HFFECTSOF LOW AND ELBVATBDTBMPBRA
TEMI'Ei'IATlltES FOR SHEET AT
TURES ON IMPACT STRENGTH FOR VARIOUS
120 KSI ROOM TEMPERATURE Fro HEAT TREATMBNI'S
(15, p.154-158) (1) (14, l'lgs.13-15)

CODE 1_208
P#.GE 6
 I ...,...,.. "

REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

Pe:-(0. 3C)-D. 55Nl-D. SCr-D. 25Mo

0.064INSH~
120
Fe
0.3 c
I~ ~
RT Fro- 120 KSI

0.55 Ni
100
0.5 Cr
p~ 0.25 Mo
~. 80

\
8630

200
~

160
\ 40
'-
120
~ 20

~
PCY

80 0

40
RT PTU a 160 KSJ

EXPOSURiR
\ 200
Pe-(0. ~9_-o. 55NI-Dj SCr-D. 25 ~o
0. 064 II SHBBT
200
1/2HR RT Pn!= 120 KSI

0
010 HR
4100 HI\
400 800 1200 1600 160
'- A
""&.
e/0=1.5 RT Pro 120 KSi
1
0
TEMP- P \ I' )_ A
e/01.~

'\.. -
PIG. 3. 0324 EPFECTSOP EXPOSURE AND TI!ST
TBMPBRATURE ON COMPRESSIVE 120 ~ ~ 120

\ ~
YIBLD STRENGTH OP SHEET

(15, p. 40, 46) FBRU

80 80

40 1-.

' ) \ PBRY

240 ,..
\ RT Pro 160KSI
~ RT Pro 160 KSJ

PBRU \ ~ PBRY
160 160

120
~ \ 120

80
\\ ~ 80

~
40 "BXPOSURB
e 1/2 HR
~ 40

0 10 HR
A 100lfR
0
0 400 800 1200 1600 0 400 800 1200 1600
TEMP- P
PIG. 3.0325 EPFBCTSOF EXPOSURE ANDTI!STTBMPBRATURB ONBBARING PROPBR
TIBSOFSHBBT
.. ,, (15, p. 40, 46)

CODE 1208
PAGE 7
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REV IS EDt MARCH 1963

Fe Fe-(0. 3C)-O. 55NiO. 5Cr-0. 25Mo

0.3 c 0.187 lN SHEET 120

I
0.55 Ni RT FTU ~ 125 KSI
0.5 Cr
0.25 Mo

8630

OL---~-----L----~--~
0 400 800 1200 1600
TEMP F
FIG. 3. 0326 EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE AND TEST
TEI'.iPERATURE ON SHEAR PROPER-
TIES OF SHEET (1S, p. 40, 46 )

10
8

6 1200 F

lil
;.:
ANN
40

10~----~------~~--~~~~~t------;
8

-~-----+------~----~~----~~--~~
0.1 10 100 1000 1
TIME HR
FIG. 3.041 CREEP CURVES FOR SHEET AT 1000 AND 1200 F
(11, p. 29)

G~_12oe_l
 I VVI I

REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

l'e -(0. 3C) -o. SSNI-0. SCr -o. 25M a Fe

I----1----I-JI 06'IN SHBBT
RT FTU = 120 ICSI 0.3 c
0.55 Ni
0.5 Cr.
0.25 Mo

8630

20~--~--~~-+-4-~

0 e NORM 1650 F + 1200 F COMPRB ON

FTu= 110 KSI
01
~0---~8~--~16~~--~~~~~32
Ll. AI,SSO F, + 1200 F, Fro= 138 KSI
1000 KSI
-4
10 loS ~----~~---
30~------- 10 10
FIG. 3.063 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES IN COM-
NUMBER OF CYCLES PRESSION AT ROOM AND ELEVATED
TEMPERATURES FOR SHBBT AT 120 KSI
FIG. 3.051 S-N CURVES FOR SMOOill AND NOTCHED
CAST BARS ROOM TEMPERATURE FTU
\15, p. 2~250)
(13, p.6, 7)

F.;(O. 3C)0.55Nl-O. SCr-0. 25Mo

0.064 IN SHEET

~

32
.- r---.; ~
-;;;::::; t--....
""24

~
He
e RT FTU= I20 KSI

o RT F;u= 100 'T

16
0 200 600 .00 800 1000 1200
TEMP- F
FIG. 3,061 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY IN COMPRESSION AT ROOM
AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
(IS, p .046)

36
Fe-(0. 3)0. 55NI-O. SCr-0. 25Mo
0. 064 IN SHEET

~ -- ">L
B ......

~
~ 20

12
0
e RT FTU = 120 KSI
0 RT FTU = 160 KSI
i
200 .00
I
600
TEMP F
800

MODULUS OF BLAS11CITY IN TENSION AT ROOM AND

"'
~
1000 1200
1000 KSI
FIG. 3.064 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES IN COM
PRESSION AT ROOM AND ELEVATED
TBM~RATURES ,F.OR SHEET AT !60 KSI
FIG. 3, 062 ROOM TEMPERATURE F TU
BLBVATED TBMPBRATURES
(15, p. 25!-255)
(15, p .046)

CODE 1208
PAGE 9
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISE~ MARCHI963

RBPBRBNCBS
Fe
1
0.3 c 2
Alloy Digest, "AIS18630", Filing Code SA-49, (Oct.19
Favor, R. J., .AclJbach. W. P. _ADd Hyler, W. S.,
56)

0.55 Ni "Materl alaProp eJ:tyDe slgo Criteria for Metals"

, Pt. 7,
The Coavcntlooal Short-T ime, mevate dTemp erature
0.5 Cr Propert lea of Selected Low 8Dd MedlumAlloy Steels,
WADC TR 55150, (Oct. 1957)
0.25 Mo 3 AMS 6280 C. (Oct. 1, 1951)
4 AMS 6281 B, (Oct. 1, 1951)
5 AMS 6355 F, (June 30. 1960)
8630 6 AMS 6530 0. (Feb. 15, 1953)
7 AMS 6550 0. (P.eb. 15, 1953)
8 AMS 5334 A. (July 1, 1957)
9 AMS 5335 A. (March 1, 1951)
10 "Alloy Steel: Semiflnlshed; Hot Rolled and Cold Finishe
d
Bars", AISI. Steel Product s Manual, (July 1955)
11 Miller, J., Smltll. L. W. and Parter, P. K., "Utlllza
tloa
of Low Alloy Msterla ls for HJgh Temper ature
Sezvice
Applicat iODS", United States Air Force, Air
Materie l
Coml!lalld; AP TR 5929, (June 1949)
12 Lodge, J. W. and Manning, G. K., '"!be Mccban
ical Pro-
perties of Quenche d 8Dd Temper ed Medium -carbon
Alloy
Steels", AJ:jl (Cootrlbutl.oas to tbe Melal.lurgy of
Steel
No. 49) (March 1956)
13 Evans, B. B., Bbert, L. J. 8Dd Briggs, C. w.,
"Fatigu e
Propert ies of Compar able Cast and Wrougbt Steels",
Proc. ASTM, Vol. 56 (1956)
14 '"!be Hlgb Strength Cbaract eriatll:s of Alloy Steels"
,
Metals Reeearc h Lab., Dept. of Metallu rgical Enginee
ring,
Case institute of Tecbnology, Uune 1952)
15 Doerr, D. D., "Determ lnatloa of Hlyslca l Propert
ies of
Ferrous 8Dd NoaFe rrous Structur al Sheet Materia
ls at
mevate d Temper atures" , Armour Researc h Foundat
loo.
WADe, AP TR 6517, Pt. 2, (April 1954)

..... ,

,fi':.,.

CODE 1208
,,..
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

1,07 Forms and Condltinns Avaliable

1. GBNBRAL
This steel is avaliable as billets, bora, forgings and
Fe
'Ibis Is a relatively high hardeuablllty case hardening 1.071
steel. It Is recommende d for Ita high core strength and annealed bot and cold finished rounds, (2, p. 3), (1); as 0.1 c
toughness, (1). The "H" designated steel (9310 H) Is centerless ground bora, as bot and cold drawn wire and
guaranteed by tbe supplier to meet established AISI-SAB bot Alld cold rolled strip, (1). 3.25 Ni
bardenablllty limits, otherwise Ita properties and nomloal
compositions are Identical to B 9310, (5). 1.08 Melting and casting Practice. Open hearth, electric fur- 1.2 Cr
nace, air and vacuum melt, (3, p.25) .
1.01 Commercial Designation. AISl B 9310. 1,081 Vacuum melting produces improved impact properties, 0.1 Mo
(3, p.25). .
1 .02 Alternate Designations . SAB 9310, AISl B 9310 H. AMS E9310
6260 B. 1,09 Special Constderatio. U.

1.03 Speclflca.tlon s. Table 1. 03. 2. PHYSICAL AND CHBMIC'.AL PROPBRTIBS

2,01 Thermal Properties

TABLE 1.03
2,011 Melting point.
Form
2.012 Critical temperature s: Ac1 =1315 F Ar3 = 1305 F
Bars, forgings, forging stoclc and Aca= 1490 P Ael = 1240 F
mecbanical rubing Au=830F Ae3 = 1480 F, (1).

2.013 Thermal conductivity

1.04 Composition . Table 1. 04.
2.014 Thermal erpanslon
2.015 Specific Heat
TABLE 1 04
Source AM:; (4) lo? DL est 1 2. 02 Other l'l!yslcal Properties
Alloy SAB 9310 SAB 9310 AISI B 9310H
Percent Percent Percent 2. 03 Chemical Properties
Min Max Min Max Min Max

Carbon 0.07 0.13 0.08 0.13 0.07 0.13

Chromium 1.00 1.40 1.00 1.40 1.00 1.45
Manganese 0.40 0.70 0.45 0.65 0.40 0.70 3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Molybdenum 0.08 0.15 0.08 0.15 0.08 0.15
Nickel 3.00 3.50 3.00 3.50 2.95 3.55 3.01 Specified Mechanical Properties
SUlcon 0.20 0.35 0.20 0.35 0.20 0.3~

l'hosphorus
Sclfur
-- 0.040
0.040
-
-
0.025
0.025
-
- -
- 3. 02
3. 02i
Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
Typical properties or bar stock, Table 3. 021.
Iron Balance Balance Balance
source
-
TAB' E 3 021
(I)
Fe(U.lCI;s.~ Nil.~Cl-Q.1Mo
1.05 Heat Treatment Allov
Form Bar"
1.051 Anneal. 1475 to 1575 .'i', ft'JIIIce cool, (I).
1,052 Normalize, 1600 to 1700 F, air cool, (1), AMS 6260 B Condition As rolled Ann I Norm
1 4 4 1 4
specifies 1690 to 1710 1, (4). Dia - In
F , typksl 131 117.5 100 131.5 125.25
1.053 Austenltlze, 1450 to 1550 1', c)il quencb,(l)(5) .AMS 6260 81.75
Ftu typksi 88 84 80 82.75
B specifies 14!1<1 to 15~0 F, (4), ty'
1,054 Temper. 275 to 450 F for case hardened parts, (1), e( 2ln)-percent 19 18.8 25 18.8 19.5
1.055 Spberoidize. Temper, 1175 F maximum, 8 to 10 hr or RA -percent 61.5 59.2 60 58.1 61.7
austenltlzc at 1400 F and tranSform lsotbermally at 1100 Hardness, 255
BHN 269 241 200 269
F, 12 hr, (1),
1,056 Typlcal case hardening procedures Tests were taken from center of 1 In rounds and from 1/2 radius ol
1,0561 Direct quench from pot. carburlze at 1700 F, 8 hr, cir- 4 In ruunds
culating oll cpu>ncb and temper, (1),
1.0562 f.lnl!le quench and temper. carburlze at 1700 F, 8 hr, 3. 022 Effect or carbon content on tensile properties or bar,
pot cool, austenltlze, circulating oil quench and temper, Fig. 3.022.
(1), 3. 023 Effect or bar diameter and tempering temperature on room
1,(1563 D:mble quench and temper, Carburlze at 1700 F, 8 hr, temperature impact strength or bar, givton simulated car-
('lit cool, austenltlze, circulating oll quench, repeat burizlng cycle, Fig. 3. 23.
previous austenltlrlng treatment and temper. This treat-
ment yields higher grain refinement In botb case and core, 3, 03 Mechanical Propcntes at Various Temperature s
(1). 3,031 Short time tension properties
1,0564 For maximum core toughness temper at 450 P, see Fig, 3. 032 Short time properties other tban tension
3~022. 3, 033 Static stress concentratio n effects

1,06 Hardenabillt y 3.04 Creep and Creep Ruprure Properties

1,061 Bod quench bardenablllty for 9310 H, Fig, 1, 061,
1.062 For SAB 9310 AMS 6260 B specifies J 41 maximum and 3.05 Fatigue Properties
J 32 =6 mlnimtDD, (4).
1.003 Bftect or carbon content on hardness or bor, Fl~ 1.063. 3.06 Blastic Properties
1.064 Effect or tbictness on as-quenched hardness of bar, Fig.
1,064. 4. FABRICATION
1,065 BUect of bar diameter on quenched and tempered
hardness or bor, given simulated carburizlng cycle, Fig. 4.01 Forming and casting
1.065~ 4.011 Forging. Starting temperature 2200 F maximum, finish-
1,066 BUect or bar diameter on room temperature ten- Ing temperature 1950 P minimum, (1).
sile properties or bar, given simulated carburl..zlng cy- Macblning
4.02
cle, Fig. 1,066,
4.021 General, SlmUar to other grades of low carbon low alloy

CODE 1209
PAGE
reun
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDM ARCH 1963

steels. Cold drawn bars have better machlnibility than

Fe aMealed stock, General pmctice for machining gears is
to normalize and temper or quench and temper (1200 F,S
0.1 c to 10 br) for best mschinibUity, (1), High speed steel tools
Ill
:;l
and sulphurized cutting fluids are recommended, (1),
3.25 Ni ~36~--\4----fr--~~~~-;

4, 03 Welding u
1.2 Cr 4. 031 Tile steel can be readily welded by oxyacetylene or me-
Ill
0.1 Mo tallic arc methods. Tile use of bare type electrodes re-
~32r---~--~-+-----+----~
sults in low strength and low ductility welds, (1),
4.032
~
Stress relief after welding. 1150 to 1200 F is recom-
E9310
4, 04

4, OS
4. 051
mended to increase impact properties, (1),

Heating and Heat Treating

Surface Treating
General. This steel is especially suited for case harden-
.J
iiJ
8
"'
oo:
28
CENTER OF 1/2 IN
1 lN
1/2 RADIUS OF 2 IN BAR
4 IN
l
SPECIMEN TAKEN FROM:_-f-- --1

ing by carburizing. See 1,056, It is recommended that 24

0 1 2 3 4
the maximum carbon in the case be limited to 0. 90 per-
BAR DIAMETER -IN
cent and some specifications limit the carbon to 0. 80 per
cent, (1). FIG. 1.065 EFFECT OF BAR DIAMETER ON
QUENCHED AND TEMPERED HARD
~sor------r----~F~c~-~(0~.~1C~)~-3~.~2=5N~I~-~1.~2~r~-u~.~1M~o,
NESS OF BAR, GIVEN SIMULATED
~ HR BAR CARBURIZlNG CYCLE (I)
u NORM 1700 F, AC
, 40 l-"'n-7'~"'--j---+:.:A.;:;US:::.T::....::.15+0..:F'----t

i~~~~~~~~
~~~~
.J
.J
~
8 20o~----~8-----+.1~--~
r---~k---~
oo: DlSTANCB FROM QUENCHED END SIXTEENTH IN

FIG. 1. 061 END QUENCH HARDENABILITY FOR 9310 H

(5)

Fe-(U.!Ck3. 25N!-l 2Cr-O.IN

1 IN BAR
i67SF, OQ / / 200
Fe(0.1C)3. 25Ni-l. 2Cr0.1Mo
1700 F, PC
~
+_TEMPEl 300 F + 1450 F, OQ
/ 160 +TEMPER-

/ RCHARDNBSS

\ "'- b._ FTU

120 ......__ PTY

~

0.08
0.10 0.12 0.14 80
CARBONPERCENT e 300 F TEMPER
FIG. I. 063 EFFECT OF CARBON CONTENT ON 0 450 F TEMPER
HARDNESS OF BAR 1
SPECIMEN T.-JCEN FRO'd:
(I)
CENTER OF 1/2 INI
1 IN
V2 RADIUS OF 2 1N BAR
0 4 IN
80
b RA
(].

e
tl-
.J SURFACE 0
iJ MIDWAY RC HARDNESS 0 1 2 3 4
:S: 24 - - CENTER BAR DIAMETER 1N
8
00:
0 2
DIAMETER IN
3 4 FIG. 1.066 EFFECT OF BAR DIAMETER ON
ROOM TEMPERATURE TENSILE
FIG. 1.064 EFFHCT OF THICKNESS 0:-1 AS PROPERTIES OF BAR, GIVEN
QUE~~CHED HARDNESS OF BAR SIMULATED CARBURIZING CYCLE
(1, p.l4) (I)

CODE 12091
 FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

200 Fe(O.IC13 .25Nl-l. 2Cr-0.1Mo

liN BAR
1675 F, OQ
Fe
+TEMPER 300 F l..--" 0.1 c
160 ._......
./
3.25 Ni
FTU

120
_...... ~ 1.2 Cr
FTY
0.1 Mo

80
E9310
~
RA

.. (2 tN)

0
0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14
CARBON - PERC!lNT
FIG. 3. 022 EFFECT OF CARBON CONTENT ON TEN-
SILE PROPERTIES OF BAR
(1)

I
60 1--~-1- SPECIMEN TAKEN FROM:
CENTER OF 1/2 IN~
1 IN
1/2 RADIUS OF 2 IN BAR
IN
~0~----~1------~2----~3~~~4
BAR DIAMETER IN
FIG. 3.023 EFFECT OF BAR DIAMETER AND
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
ROOM TEMPERATURE IMPACT
STRENGTII OF BAR, GIVEN SIM
lJLATED CARBURIZING CYCLE
(1)

REFERENCE S
Alloy Digest, "A lSI E 9310", Flllng Code: SA 43, Steel
Alloy, (May 1956)
2 Joseph T. Ryerson II< Son, Inc., "Ryerson Aircraft Steels",
Issue (1958)
3 Ludwlgson, D. C. and Morral, F. R., "A Summary ol
Comparative Properties ol Air-Melted and Vacuum-Mel ted
Steels and Superalloys" , DMIC Rep. 128, (March 28, 1960)
4 AMS 6260 E, Qune 1, 1951)
5 "Alloy Steel: Semi-finishe d Hot Rolled and Cnld Finished
Bars", Steel Products Manual, AISI Uuly 1955), Supplement
July 1958

CODE 12091
 r-euM
REVISED MARCH 196:5 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GENERAL 1.092 The high strength conditions of this steel become notch
This low alloy steel was orl(slnally develop.&! as a high sensitive when exposed to temperatures between 900 and Fe
streq1, high temperature bolting material for service up
to 1000 F, but It Is also finding application In all other
1300 F for certain times under load. Reheat treatment
restores !nltial properties.
0.3 c
wrought forms and In various conditions of heat treatment 1.3 Cr
for elevated temperature applications. It needs protection
against corrosion and, at temperatures above 800 F, 2. PHYSICAL .AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 0.5 Mo
against oxidation. The general properties of thla steel are
essentially the same as those of any other low alloy steel. 2.01 Thermal Properties
Meltl11g range. 2800 to 2900 F.
0.25 v
It Is readily fabricated by formf.Jig. machining and welding. 2.01l
2.012 Phase changes. Steel transforms on cooling from austenite
1.01 Commercial Designation. 17-22A(S). to ferrite and carbide. Critical temperatures: Ac 11440F,I7-22 A(S)
.Ac3 ~ 1600 F, Art a 1280 F, Ar3 1460 F.
1.02 Alternate Designations. "17-22 A'' S Steel. 2.013 Thermal conductivity, Fig. 2. 013.
2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2. 014.
1,03 Specifications. Table 1. 03. 2.015 Specific heat.

TABLE 1,03 2,02 Other Physical Properties

Form Military 2.021 Density. 0. 284 lb per cu ln. 7. 85 gr per cu em.
Sar, forgings 2.022 Electrical resistivity.
2.023 Magnetic properties. Steel Ia ferromagnetic.

1.04 Composition. Table 1. 04. 2.03 Chemical Pro!l!rtles

2.031 Corrosion resistance of this steel Is low and protection
TABLE l 04 against corrosion, such as by chrome plating, may he
Source AMS (U_ J2, p. 73)_ required.
Percent 2.032 Oxidation resistance for continuous ae:rvlce Is good up to
1025 F, and for Intermittent service up to 975 F.
Min Max
Carbon 0.28 0.33 2. 04 Nuclear Properties
Manganese 0.45 0.65
Silicon 0.55 0.75
Phosphorus
Sulfur
-- 0.040
0.040
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Chromium 1.00 1.50 3. 01 Specified Mecllanlcal Properties

Molybdenum 0,40 0.60 3. 011 AMS specified mechanical properties, Table 3.'illl.
Vanadium 0.20 0.30
Sa lance TABLE 3 011
lron AMS l)
Source
Allav Fe 0. 3C -1. 3Cr-D. 5Mo-D. 2SV
1.05 Heat Treatment Bar
Form Bar for~~:~ 8
1.051 Normalize. 1650 to 1850 F, preferably 1725 F, 1 hr per
Condition Norm+ 1100 F, Ann Ann
In thickness, air cool. AMS specifies 1735 to 1765 F,
6hr (HW) (CW)
1 hr, AC. High normalizing temperatures lead to Increased
strength at room and elevated temperature but also to higher Thickness - In
Hardness,
<2 >2 - -
notch sensitivity. I!Uect of normalizing temperature on
Impact strength, Fig. 1. 051. BHN, min 331 302 - -
1.052 Isothermal anneal. 1700 to 1750 F, 1 hr per In thickness,
. max - - 2H 248
cool to 1300 to 1320 F, )told 4 hr. Hardness should be At center of specimen.
about 210 BHN.
1.053 Full anneal. 1450 F, 1 hr per In thickness, cool 20F per
3.012 Producer's typical mechanical properties, Table 3.012.
hr maxlmwn to 1100 F maximum, then ali cool. Hudnesa
should be 160 to 190 BHN.
1.054 Intermediate anneals during forming fully or Isothermally TABLE 3 012
annealed condition. 1250 F, 30 minutes. Source (7 p,24
1.055 Austenltlze. 1600 to UiOO F, preferably 1650 F, 1 hr per Allov Fe-fO 3C 3 ::r-o. 5Mo-ll 2SV
in thickness, oil quench. Form Sheet ~te
1.056 Temper. 800 to 1350 F, preferably 1100 to 1300 F, 6 hr Condltloa 750 p 2HR AC+ 65 p 6H AC
minimum. AMS gives 1090 to 1110 F, 6 hr. [I!Ilckneaa In o. 25 o. 60 O.J20_ _0.2511 ,5011
Pro leal 180.3 181.4 183.9 174.6 !67.8
1.06 Hardenablllty Fcy Ita! 164.7 165.7 165.4 155.3 148.5
1,061 End quen:h hardenablllty, Fig. 1.061. e percent 9.0 6.5 10.0 12.5 15.5
1,062 AMS 6302 specifies that center hardness o! sections having Hardness Rc 40.3 40.1 40.1 41.1 37.9
a thickness of 2 In or less shall he 331 BHN 1:tlnlmum,
and those 01er 2 In shall be 302 BHN minimum. after
normalizing at 1750 F, 1 hr, air cooling+ llOO F, 6 hr. 3.02 Mechanical Prapertiea at Room Temperature. See 3. 03
also.
1.07 Forms and Conditions Available 3.021 Effect ot <emperlng temperature on hardness of the nor-
1.071 Alloy Is available In the full commercial range of size malized and oil quenched conditions, Pig. 3. 021.
for sheet, strip, p\at.:, bar, forgings and seamless 3.022 EUects of exposure temperature and time of heat cycling
tubing. (S mlnu:e cycles) on tensile properties, Pig. 3. 022
.\,072 Alloy Is generally supplied In the ho: rolled, fully annealed 3.023 EUect of normalizing and time on hardnesa and grain alze
or normalized condition. or subsequently tempered alloy, Pig. 3, 023.
3.024 Effect of tempering temperatures on room temperature
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice. Electric furnace air melt. tensile properties o! normalized alloy, Fig. 3.024.

1.09 Special Considerations 3.03 Mechanical Propertiea at Various Temperatures

1.091 The steel Ia subject to decarburlzatlon on heat treetlng 3.031 Short time tenalo:1 propertlea,
as any other low alloy steel. 3.0311 Effect of teat temperature on tell&fie properties of bar

' ,

CODE 1210
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

subjected to various heat treatments, Pig. 3. 0311. Pe-(0. 3C)-l. 3Cr.-O. 5Mo~O. 25
Fe 3.0312 Effect of exposure arxl test temperature on tensile proper- JIAK
ties of all quenched arxl tempered bar, Pig. 3. 0312. ~~~------~---- N:>RM
0.3 c 3.032 Short time properties other than tension. e -11200 P, 6 HR
3.0321 Impact strength of bar In various conditions of heat treat- 0 +13DOP, 6 HR
1.3' Cr ment, Pig. 3. 0321. ~
1;:401---l---~""'-1":1::----1----t---i
0.5 Mo 3.04 Creep and Creep RuptUre Properties
0.25 v 3.041 Short time tots! strain curves ~t 1000 to 1500 F for nor-
malized arxl tempered sheet, Fig. 3. 041.
3.042 Creep ruptUre curves at 600 to 1350 F for normalized and
tempered bar, Pig. 3. 042.
17-22 A(S) 3.043 Creep rupture curves at 800 to llOO F for various normal-
1600 1(>50 1700
Ized and tempered products, Fig. 3. 043.
3.044 Linear parameter maater curve for creep rupture of normal- N:>RMALIZING TBMP - P
Ized and tempered bar, Fig. 3.044.
3.045 Creep ruptUre curves at 600 to 1350 P for normalized arxl PIC. 1. 051 BPPBCT OP NOIU4ALIZlNG TBMPBR-
tempered notched bar, Fig. 3. 045. ATURB ON IMPACT STRBNGTH
(2, P 92)
3.046 Effects of teat temperature arxl rupture time on notch
strength ratio arxl on ductility of normalized and tempered
smooth bar, Fig. 3. 046.
3.047 Effects of normalizing arxl tempering temperatures on rup- e-(0. 3C)-1. 3Cr-0. SMo-0. 25V
ture strength of smooth and notched bar at 1000 F. Fig.
3.047.
3. Ol8 Creep ru;>ture curve In shear at 1100 F for normalized and tJ
tempered bar. Fig. 3. 048. ~50~~~~~~~~-4-----+----~
Creep rupture curve for two different heat treatments,
3.049 ~

~~~~~~~~~~
Pig. 3.049.
3.001 Creep rupture curves at 900 F for notched and unnotched
bar for two heat conditions, Fig. 3. 0491.

Fatigue Properties
:l
~
3.05

3.06 Elastic Properties ~ 300 32 40

8 16 24
3.061 Modulus of elasticity at room and elevated temperatures,
Fig. 3. 061. DISTANCB PROM QUBNCHBD BND OF
Modulus of rigidity at room and elevated temperatures, SPBCIMBN - SlXTBBNiliS INCH
3.062
Fig. 3.062.
PIG. 1.061 BND- QUBNCH HARDBNABILlTY (2, p. US)
'-''
4. FABRICATION
li:'
4.01 Forming arxl Casting ~2 or----.-----.----~P~e-~~~.~3C)~-~~.3~Cr~-o~.s~Mo~-o~.25~V~
4.0Jl General. The formability of this steel Is best In the fully
or Isothermally annealed condition, where It Is similar

!tsr----+--~~-=~----4-----~--~
to that of o:her annealed, 0. 30 percent carbon low alloy
steels.
4.0!2 Forging. Sl!lrtlng temperature 2250 F maximum, finish- 11!
Ing recommended at 1900 F. The steel has a low resis-
tance to deformation and can be forged down to ~e:npera t:
tures as low as 1500 F. Slow cooling after forging Is
recommended as for. anv air hardening steel.
~ 16 ~o~---==---~~----600~-----~~-----l-OOOL-----12~00
4.013 Casting. This teet can also be produced In form o! TBMP- P
castings which possess properties similar to those or
the wrought products. FlO. 2.013 THBRMAL CONDUCTIVn Y (3, p. 6)

4.02 Machining. Machining or thiS steel Is comparable to

that of any low alloy steel of equal hardness. Although
the annealed condition has the best machinability, It has
a tendency to tear.

4.03 Welding
4.031 General. This sseel can be welded by all accepted
welding techniques.
4.032 Fusion welding must take Into accO'Jnt the air hardening
characteristics of steel. Preheating at 600 F and post-
heating or stress relieving after welding are recommended,
particularly !or heavy sections. Welding rod of the same
composition sho"ld be used.
COBP UNBAR
4.04 Heating and Heat Treating. S~ould be In neutral or slightly THBRMAL BXPANSION
reducing atmosphere to minimize de~arb:n'lzatlon arxl PROM RT TO TBMP INDICATBD
scaling.

4.05 Surface Treating

4.051 Cleaning of this steel can be affected by all accepted
methods for low alloy steels. PIG. 2.014
Corrosion and oxidation of the steel can be prevented by THBilMAL BXPANSK>fol (2, P %)(3, p. 6)
hot dip aluminizing or chrome plating.

CODE -1210
 FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

Pe-(0. 3C)1. 3CrO. SMo-0. 25

Fe
1 IN BAR
3
0.3 c
1650 P,OQ} (2)

~
1725 P,AC
D:l
1.3 Cr
.1850 P,15 MIN ...1
(6) < 3 0.5 Mo
400t-.:--t---t-~---+---l &l
!2 tJ 0.25 v
f2 ~z;
~~~-+--~--+-~~~~ c..: 32
17-22 A(S)
:3 ~

1 200~~0~--~600~--~~~0~--~1~000~--~1~20~0~--~1~400~~
...1

~
:.I
3
NORM
e
IMB, HR
1 TO 24
TBMPBRING TBMP(6 HR) - P H
..:
... 0.50
28 .25
PIG. 3. 021 BPPBCI' OP TBMPBRING TBMPBRAnJRBS ON 1 1700 1800 1900 2 2100
HARDNBSS OP TiiB NORMALIZED AND OIL
QUBNCHBD CONDITIONS NORMALIZING TEMP - P
(2, p. 96) (6, Pig. 9)
FIG. 3.023 EFFBCT OF' NORMALIZING AND TIME ON
HARDNE5S' AND GRAIN.SIZB OF SUBSBQUBNI'LY
TBMPERBD ALLOY (6, Fig. 8)

'
Pe-(0. 3C)1. 3Cr-O. SMo-G. 25V 1
.fiN BAR I 1650 P, 1 HR, OQ
06e.A.+800 P,4 HR
_m7i~+ll00 .8HR
220

- r~ l
-0
A
200
001/
'V4 HRHR} TOTAL '
6
20HR
.6.680 fiR
LURB .-!
ltFru
~i'
180 CYCLING_ PROM RT TO TBMi
SMINATT:!M P

-
200

--v
--4 2
180

--
'7-P-rv.

!,....---
.J
~
""" iii --
160
160
80 ' :.I

..
FTY
RA

e
..
...
!iUl
tJ
12
6 --
TBSTBD~T RT
" ... ..."'
Ul
4
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 TEMPERING TBMP P
TBMP- P
FIG. 3.024 EFPECI' OP TI!II.tPBRING TBM
FIG. 3.022 BFPBCTS OP BXPOSURB TBMPBRA1URB AND
PBRAWRBS ON ROOM TBMPBR-
TIMB OF HBAT CYCLING (5 MINUTE CYCLBS) ATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES
ON TBNSILB PROPBRTIBS OF NORMALIZED ALLOY
(4) (6, Plg.9)

r r.nnr;:- l?ln
 FERROUS ALLO YS REVISED MARCH 1963

Fe
Pe-(0. 30)-1. 3Cr-o. SMo-o.25V
0.3 c 200
41N BAR. --+-- 1
240 1650 p. 1 Hll, OQ
1.3 Cr -~o TBMPBR
0~5 Mo 160
0;25 v 200

17-22 A(S)

120
80

~.f()
e! 0 L-~1.2111U~~~~~~
PIG. 3. 0312 BPPBCT OP BXPOSURB AND TBST
TBMPBRATURB ON TBNSlLB PROPBR
TlBS OF OlL QUBNCHBD AND
TBMPBRBD BAR.
(4)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

TSMP- F

FIG. 3.0311 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE

PROPERTIES OF BAR SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS HEAT
TREATMENTS (2, p. 84)(3)(4)

Pe(O. 3C)-I. 3CrO. 5Mo0.25 V

BAR
e 1750 P,AC +1225 P,6 ~ (2)
60 0 1650 P, OQ +1225 P, 6 HR
A 1650 P,OQ +1100 P, 8 HR ( -)---' 1---- ir---1
6 1650 P,OQ+ 800 P,4 H 4

TBMP P

PIG. 3.0321 IMPACT 5l'RBNGTH OP BAR. IN VARIOUS CONOmO

N~
OP HBAT TRBATMBNT (2, p. 92)(4, p. 91)

CODE 1210
PAGE 4
 FeUH
REVISE D MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

200r-------r---~~~~~~~~~~
Fe(O. 3C)1. 3Cr-0. 5Mo-0. 25V Fe
1725. F,AC
0,3 c
~ ~-,1~000~F~~~== ~~~~~
TiiBRMAL ~~~~
EXPANSION
+ 1200 F, 6 HR
1.3 Cr
INCL
~ r-------r-------r-----~0~7~0%~--~ 0.5 Mo
0.25 v
~ 60
1200 p
17-;-22 A(S)
40 r-----~~~----r-----~~~--~

-. R
'Y
:~:~:E
FORGED DISKS
}( 5)

, 0 TUBI!IU ( 11)
20
o.I 10 100
8 r-----~~~~~~~~--~~ TIME HR
1500 p
6 ~~---f-----+~1.~0:!2~%-J FIG. 3.04J CREEP RUPTURE CURVES AT 800 TOllOO F
FOR VARIOUS NORMALIZED AND TEMPERED
PRODUCTS (5)(11)
4 o~.~OO~I~~~~----~0~.71------~------~10
TlMB HR
PIG. 3.041 SHORT TIME TOTAL STRAIN CURVES AT 1000
TO 1500 p FOR NORMALIZED AND TEMPERED
SHBET (9, p. 51, 52)

............. Fe(O~ 3C)-1. 3CrO. 5MoO. 25V

8

6
"'~ BAR
1725 F, I HR, AC
+ 1200 F, 6 HR

4
1\
10
2

T ~ TEST TEMP - F
\
\
6 t 2 RUPrURE TIME liR

4
RUPTURB RUPfURE
(5) I

2
(8)

20 40 60 80
\ 100
0.1 10 100 (T-700)/(8- LOG t)
1000 10,000
TIME HR
I'IG. 3.044 LINEAR P,ARAMETER MASTER CURVE FOR
FIG. 3.042 CREEP RUPfURE CURVES AT 600 F TO 1350 F FOR CREEP RUPT".JRE OF NORMALIZED AND
NORMALIZED AND TEMPERED DAR (5, p. 30)(8, p. 53) TEMPERED BAR (10)

COOl" 1?10
 FERROUS ALLOYS REV I SED MARCH 1963

40or-----r-----
Fe r - - - -.......------~~
Fe(0 .3CH . 3CrO . 5MoU 25V
0.3 c I IN BAR
1725 F, 30 MIN, AC
1.3 Cr + 1200 ~ 6 HR
0.5 Mo 20~r-~==~~=i~~~~::;~~==~~~~~~--1
0.25 v

!OOI-----1-----t-=::....
17- 22 A(S) ..,---+-..:~-&+...:LillLl
:.._-1
801----l--

60

e SMOOTH
0 NOTCHED, K c 10 RUFrU R
4
a 1600 !BOO 200() 800 1000 !200
NORM ALIZIN G 7EMP F T,~MPERII'K> TEMP F
fiG. 3. 047 EFFE CTS OF NORM
ALIZII'K> AND TEMPERING
7EMP ERAT URES ON RUFr URE
STRE !I(;!H OF
SMOOTH AND NcrTCHED BAR AT
1000 F
(5, p. 44, 45)

100~------~-
-----~~~~~~~
1000 ~~~~
TIME HR 80 1----1~"'-=-......::
!---
TENS ION
FIG. 3.045 CREEP RUFrU RE CURV
ES AT 600 TO 1350 F FOR NORM 60
AND TEMPER EO NOTCHED BAR ALIZE D ;;;
(5, p. 30) :.:

RUFrU RE
20
0.01 0.1 10
TIME HR

FIG. 3.048 CREEP RUFrU RE CURV

E IN SHEAR AT 1100 F
FOR NORM ALIZE D AND TEMP ERED
BAR
(12, p. 1254)

200~------~
------~-----
--~-----
Fe(O. 3C)!. 3Cr-Q .5Mo-~--
O. 25V
~

1850 F, 15 MIN+ JIOO F, 6 HR

CONV ENTIO NAL HT

RA (DUC TILITY )

600 800 900 1000 1100 12(1() 1300 80~------~----~---

.01 .I ---~~----~~~
TEMP - F 10 100
FIG. 3. 046 EFFE CTS OF TEST
TEMP eRAT URE AND RUPTURE TIM! ! HR
ON NOTCH STRENGTH RATIO AND TIME
ON DUCT ILITY OF FIG. 3.049 CREEP RUPTURE CURV
NORM ALIZE D AND TEMP ERED E FOR TWO DIFFE RI!!In ' HEAT
BAR (5,1 31) TRI!A TMI!N TS
(6, Ftg.JO )

CODE 1210
PAGE 6
 FeUH
REVISE D: MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe-(0. 3C)1. 3Cr-O. 5Mo-O. 25V

1850 P, 15 MIN+ 1100 P, 6 HR Fe
CONVBNriONAL HT
0.3 c
1.3 Cr
0.5 Mo
0.25 v

17-22 A(S)

1 10~
TIMB -HR

PIG. 3.0491 CRBBP RUPTURB CURVES 1.T 900 P FOR

NOO"CHBD AND UNNOrCHBD BAR FOR TWO
HBAT CONDITIONS (6, Plg.ll)

32
..__, Fe-(0. 3C)-l. 3Cr-O. 5Mo-O. 25V

~~ BAR
28

r---
B DYNAMIC
~~
........
20
~ REFERENCES

0 200 400 1 AMS 6302, Qune 15, 1953)

600 800 1000 1200
TEMP- F 2 Tlmken, "Resume of High Tempera ture Investiga tions Conduc
ted Dul'ing 19551956"
FIG. 3.051 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT ROOM AND 3 Universal Cyclops Steel Corp., "High Tempera ture Metals,"
BLEVATBD
TEMPeRATURES (1959)
(2, p. 93) 4 Manzarl, N. J, and Sachs, G,, "Tension and lmpsct Proper
ties of Steels HeatTre ated to 160, 000190, 000 psi Yield
Strength at Tempera tures Between Mll.us 40F (lmpsct) and
800"F (Tension ),'' SURI Rep. No. Met 348572 F, (Aug.
5 1956)
Brown, W. F., Jr., Manson, S. S., Sachs, G. and Sessler,
J, G., "Literatu re Surveys on Influence on Stl'ess Concentr
a
tions at Elevated Tempera tures and the l!ffect3 of Non-stead
y
Load and Tempera ture Conditions on the Creep ol Metals,"
ASTM STP No. 260, (Dec. 1959)
6 Brown, W. F., Jr., "Strength Limitatio ns of High Strength
Fe 0.3C 1.3Cr0. 5Mo0.25 V Steels at Moderate ly High Tempera tures, Lewis Flight
12~,.--Jb~----~----~------~---4--=BA~R~r--i Propulsio n Lab., NACA No. 4025
7 Jones, R. L., "Determlnatloil ol Mechanical Propertie s ol
17 22 A S Steel Welding," General Dynamics , Rep. No.
~ FGT-1961 , (April 12, 1962)
~ 10~--~---4----+---_.~~+----r-;
8 Tlmken Roller Bearing Co., "Digest ol Steels for High Tem-
perature Service,' ' 6th Bd., (1957)
9 Van Echo, J, A,, l'llge, L, C., Simmons, W, F. and Cros~,
H. c., "Short Time Creep Propertie s of Structura l Sheet
Materials for Aircraft, " AF TR No. 6731, 1'!. 1, (Dec. 1951)
8L----L----L---~--~~--~~~~~ 10 "Persona l Canmunl catlon" with W. F. Brown, Jr., (1958)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 I 200 11 ASTM STP No. 260, (1959)
TEMP-F 12 Holms, A. G. and Repl:o, A, J., "Correlat ion of Fir Tree
FIG. 3.062 MODULUS OF RIGIDITY AT ROOM AND ELEVATE TypeTur blneBtad eFaoteni ng Strength with Mechanic al
D Propertie s of Material s," Tranaacti ons of the ASMI!, Vol.
TEMPERATURES (2, p. 93) 78,
(1956)

CODE 1210
PAGE 7
 FeUH
REV!SEDMARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GENERAL
2.01 Thermal Properties
This construction steel alloy is very similar to 17-22 A(S),
differing io vanad.lwn and slightly io carbon content. It is
2.011 Melting range Fe
0.28 c
2.012 Critical temperatures:
a bigb strength, heat resistant steel similar to the 17-22 A
A =1435 F A =1230 F
steel series. The basic mechanical variation of this steel 1
t<>17-22 A(S) is the higher strength at service tempera- A~= 1700 F Arl = 1525 F
r3 1.25 Cr
tures above 1100 F. 'Ibis steel has the higbellt 1000 hr Heating rate, 400 F per br; cooling rate, SO F per hr to
rupture strength at 1100 F of aay of the commercial low 1000 F, (1, p. 2). 0.85 v
alloy steels, (30 ksi). It is used as turhioe rohrs, and for 2.013 Thermal conductivity
components io guided missiles In which high si :!n tempera- 2.014 Thermal CXplDSion, Fig. 2.1114.
0.65 Si
tures are encountered for short periods, ( 4, p. 38). 2.015 Specific heat 0.5 Mo
1.01 Commercial Designation. 17-22 A(V). 2.112 Other Physical Properties
2.1121 Density 17-22A(V)
1.02 Alternate Deisgnatioo. "17-22 A"V Steel. 2.1122 Blectrlcal resistivity
2.023 Magnetic properties. Steel Is ferromagnetic.
1.03 Specifications. Table l. 03.
2.113 Chemical Pr~'ties
"2.031 Corrosion resistance of this alloy is low and protection
TABLB 1.03
AMS I Form Military
against corrosion, such as hot dip alumiolzlng, nickel
plating or cermet C08tiogs may be required, (1, p. 3).

2.04 Nuclear Properties

1.04 Composition. Table 1.04.
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIBS

TABLB 1 04 3.01 Specified Mechanical Properties

Source AMS 5) Timken 1, p.1
Percent Percent 3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
Min Max Min Max 3.021 Bffect of tempering temperature on room temperature
carbon 0.25 0.30 0.25 0.30 tensile properties of bar, Fig. 3. 021.
Chromiwn 1.00 1.50 1.00 1.50 3.1122 Bffect of tempering temperature and time on hardness of
Copper - 0.50 - - 3.023
bar, Fig. 3. Oll.
Bffect of tempering temperature on hardness of bar, Fig.
Manganese 0.60 0.90 0.60 0.90
Molyhdenllm 0.40 0.60 0.40 0.60 3.023.
Nickel - 0.50 - - 3.024 Mechanical properties at room temperature of annealed
bar and p1ncake forging, Table 3. 024.
Sillco11 0.55 0.75 0.55 0.75
Vanadium 0.75 0.95 0.75 0.95
P!Josphorus
Sulfur
-- 0.040
0.040
-
-
0.040
0.040 Source
TABLB 3 024
1 o.ll
Iron Balance Balance Allov Fe-t0.28CI-1.25Cr-D.85V -D.65SI 0. 5Mo
Form Bar Panc:Ue for.rln.,-
ondltlon Ann* Norm 1800 F +temner 1225 F 6 hr
1.05 Heat Treatment 22dla x2
1.051 Normalize. 1800 to 1850 F, hold for 1 hr per In thickness, Thickness in 1 din
radial tangential
air cool. Larger sections can be fan-cooled In order to
accelerate cooling, and sections should be so placed as to Ftu - ksl 87.8 142.0 146.5
provide access of air to all surfaces, (1, p. 3). Fty - ksl 67.5 126.5 132.0
1.0511 Bffect of normalizing temperature on hardness, Fig. 1.0511. e (2 in)percent 27 18 18
1.0512 Bffect of normalizing temperature on implct strength, Fig. RA- percent 59 52 53
1.0512. Hardness
1.052 Anneal. 1450 F for 1 hr per In thickness, followed by BHN - min 311 311
197
cooling at 20 F per hr to 1100 F, air cool, (1, p. 2). - max 321 321
1.053 OU quenching. 1750 F, prior heating for 1 hr per in thick- See 1.052.
ness Is necessary, (1, p. 3).
1.054 Temper. Proper temperature depends upon desired hard-
ness. See section 3. 02. 3. 03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures

1.06 HardenahUity 3.03i Short time tension properties

1.061 The end quench hardenabillty properties are similar to J.OJli Effect of test temperature on tensile properUe~ oC alloy,
17-22 A(S) except that the maximwn hardness Is somewhat Fig. 3.0311.
lower near the quenched end. Also a higher quenching 3.1132 Short time properties other than tension
temperature 1800 to 1850 F should be used, (1, p. 7). 3.0321 Effect of test temperature on lmp1ct strength, Fig. 3.0321.
1.062 AM5 6303 specifies that !he center of sections having a 3.0322 Effect of test temperature on hardness, Fig. 3. 0322.
thickness of s 2 In shall be 293 BHN minlmwn and 277 BHN
minlmwn for larger sections alter normalizing iu 1785 to 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
1815 F for 1 hr, air cool and 1190 to 1210 F for 2 hr, air 3.04i Creep rupture curves at 1000 to 1100 F for alloy, Fig.
cool, (5). 3.041.
3.042 Creel! rupture curves for smooth and notched specimens,
1.07 Forms and Conditions Available Fig. 3.042.
1.071 It Is supplied as rolled, cold drawn bars, heat treated or 3.043 Creep rupture curves at 1100 F for normalized and oil
hardened bars, hot rolled billets and seamless tubes, (6). quenched bar, Fig. 3. 043.
3.044 Creep rate versus stress, Fig. 3. 044.
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice
3.05 Fatigue Propenles
1.09 Special Considerations
3.06 Elastic Properties
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 3.061 Modulus of elasticity at room and elevated temperatllre s,
Fig. 3.061.

CODE 1211
FeUH
FERROU.S ALLOYS REVISE D MARCH 1963

4. FABRICATION
Fe 7 6
Fei0.28C )-I. 25Cr-D.85 V-D.65SI- D.5Mo
0.28 c 4.01
4.011
Ponnlng and Casting
Porglllg. Stanlng temperatu re 2300 P, maxlmwn . This
fl.
..:
1.25 Cr steel can be readily forged or hot worked at tempt'">'lltures re7.2~---+----+---~~~~----t----;
up to 2300 P and pierced lntn seamless tubing, (6). ~
0.85 v ..:
4.02 Machining re
0.65 Si 4.021 The machinabi lity rating In the aMealed condition Is about i!:i 6 . 8 1 - - - - - 4 - - + + - + - - - t - - - t - - - 1
57 percent of B 1112 screw machine stock. A sulfurized
0.5 Mo cutting fluid Is recommen ded, (6). "''s
4 03
17-22 A(V) 4.031 ~eldlng 6 4
'
General. This alloy can be welded by any of the commer- ' o~--~200~--~400~----~60~0~--~~--~~--~1200
cial methods In use. A welding rod correspon ding to 17-22 TBMP-P
A(S) Is available, (1, p. 7).
PIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION
4.032 When preheating Is required depending on the size of sec-
tion and type of welding procedure , a temperatu re of 600 P (1, p.21)
Is generally used, (1, p.6).

4. 04 Heating and Heat Treating

4. 041 For maximum unlfonnlty of properties normalizi ng heat
treatment at 1750 P followed by tempering at 1100 to 1200 F
Is recommeni:led subsequen t to welding, (1, p. 7).

4.05 Surface Treating

4. 051 Hot dip alwnlnlzin g Is used to prevent rusting or scaling.
While the process Involves temperatu res at 1300 P the
hardness Is only slightly affected because of the shon
exposure period, (1, p. 3).

60
Pe-(0. 28C -1. 25cr-o. 85V-O. 6551-o. SMo
NORM
+TEMPER 1200 P, 6HR
40 240 Pe-(0.
28C )-I. 25Cr-o. 85V-O. 6!ist-o. SMo

'~

II
/ 200
I--
~
PTU

FTY
liN BAR

'
00 160
1700 1750 1800 1850 1900
NORMALIZING TEMP - F
PIG. 1.0511 EFFECT OF NORMALIZING TEMPERA-
~TU
TURE ON HARDNESS 120

p~
(1, p.20}

28 Pe-(0. 28C)-l. 25Cr-O. 80

85V -0. 6551-D. SMo \
" NORM
+TEMPER 1200 P, 6HR
24 1\ 40

00
..l
' 20
t:
\ IE IZOD I
(AVG OF 3 TESTS)
0
80
1800 F,
.11.1750 P,
~+TEMPER

RA
6HR

16 \ RA ~

12
1700 1750
----
1800
0
800
e (2 IN)
1000 1200
--
';(i!N)
1400
1850 1900 1600
NORMALIZING TEMP - P TEMPERING 1E MP - F
FIG. 1.0512 FIG. 3.021 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA
EFFECT OF NORMALIZING TEMPERA- -
TURE ON IMPACT STRENGTH TURE ON ROOM TEMPERATURE
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR
(1, p.20)
(1, p.ll)

CODE 1211
 FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

480 Fe-(0. 28C)-1.25Cr-D.85V-0.65St-D. 5Mo Fe

-o__ LIN BAR
0.28 c
-J>-- r-J-~ A
400 1.25 Cr
0.85 v
~~ 0.65 Si
0.5 Mo
~~ ~
..,__, 120
'r: 17-22 A(V)
~
"Q--;
-
~
12
a:.

0 120 80

a:.
i:
850 F, AC; 1750 F, 0Q
80 1- A 0
A
1000 F
1100 F - 80 40

[] 1200 F TEMPER
v 1300 F
0
0
I
4
0
8
1400"'
12 16
0

TEMPERING TlME - HR
FIG. 3.022 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
AND TlME ON HARDNESS OF BAR
(1, p.26)

TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 0311 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURR ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ALLOY
(1, p.l3)

360 Fe-(0.28C)-1.25cr=b.85 v -0.65St -o.SMo 32

11NBAR
,~?RM 1800F,AC
EMPE 6 HR
~ 24

'""'" r\.. t

\
16

""== 8

200 1400
1200 1250 1300 1350 0
-100 0 100
TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3.023 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA- FIG. 3.0321 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE
TURE ON HARDNESS OF BAR ON IMPACT STRENGTH ( 1, p. 20)
(1, p.11)
;
.... ,.
)

CODE 1211
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVIS ED r.tARCH 1963

-
360
Fe Fe-(0. 28C)1. 25Cr-d. 85V-D. 6$1.-Q.SMo
0.28 c - . r--.... NORM1 825F
+TI ,.u'BR 1200 F, 6 HR
1.25 Cr 331

v ~

""i\
0.85
o.s5.si a 280
0.5 Mo i
~
.
17-22 A{V)
i 240

' 1\
m200

160
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TI!Ml'- F
FIG, 3,0322 BFFBCT OF TBSI' TBMPBRA'IURE ON HARDNESS
(1, p.42)
I
l

80
Fe'(0~-1. 2SCJ;-Q, SSV-Q. 651 -o.SMo
60

~~

,._n . 0 ~~
1000F

NORM1800F , ' , 1050 p

20
--120 0P '

"""
- - - 1250 F 6 HR 1100 F
-.-t~P
100
80

60

40 ~"....... Fe-(0. 28C)-1. 25Cr'O. ssv-o. 6SSI-D.5Mo

~-:::::~
NORM1 800F

-- -- "'""'
iTBMPBR 1200 F, 6 HR
NORM1850 F .._
1100 F
100
!........__
.......
+TBMPB
--122R5F } 80
--130 0 F 6HR
--140 0 F
100
80 60
~ 1100 F

, ~') ~
60
e SMOOil f K1.0
40 ~ 6~ K&JO
40
~ .........
~ORM
--~ ~:'-.
1100 F
1900 P
20 +TBMPB - -
R
--122 5
--130 0P
F} tJ.425 . .300

--HO OP
10 .
6HR
..u -{ < 0.001
10 20
100 1000 10,000 100,1100 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
TIMB HR 11MB HR
FIG. 3.041 CRBBP RUFI'URB CURVFS AT 1000 TO 1100 F FIG. 3.042 CRBBP RUPI'URB CURVBS FOR SMOO'n
f AND NOTCHBD
FOR ALLOY SPBClMBNS
(1, p.l6)
(2, p.663)

CODE 1211
PAGF' .t1.
 reun
REVISEDMARCHI963 FERROU~ ALLOYS

REPBRBNCBS
Fe
1 Tlmken Roller Bearing Co., Steel and TUbe Dlv., '"17-22-A'"
Type Steels for High Temperature Appllcatloos, Tecbn. 0.28 c
Bulletin 36 B. (1956)
2 Brown, W. P., Jr. Jones, M. H., Newman, D.P., "111- 1.25 Cr
fluence of Sbarp Notches on the Stress Rupture Character-
lstlcs of Heat Resisting Alloy, Pan D'", Prcic. ASTM (1953) 0.85 v
3 Coldren, A. P., Freeman, J. W. , All lnvestlgatloa of
Three Ferrltlc Steels for High-Temperature Appllcatloo'",
0.65 Si
WADC TR 57-40, (Aprll1957) 0.5 Mo
4 Nekervis, R. J., Luod, C. H. and Hall, A. M., ""Status of
High-Strength Steels for the Aircraft lndwn:ry'", TML Rep.
91, (Jan. 3, 1958) 17:-22 A(V)
5 AMS 6303, (March 1, 1955)
6 Alloy Digest, ""Timken 17-22 AV', Flliog Code SA-82,
Stce\ Alloy, (April 1959)

1
~~o------~1~00~----~1~ooo~----1~o~.ooo
TIME -HR
PIG. 3.00 CRBBP RUFI1JRB CURVES AT 1100 P
POR NORMALJZBD AND on. QUBNCHBD
BAR
(3, p.60)

60 Pe-(Or28C)-1.25Cr-Q. -o.65Sl0.5Mo
NORM 1800 P
401-----t----+- +TBMPBR 1200 P, 6 HR

0.40
CRBBP - PBRCBNI' PBR 1000 HR
PIG. 3.044 CRBBP RATE VERSUS STRESS
(1, p.31)

TEMP- p
PIG. 3.061 MODULUS OP ELASTICITY AT ROOM AND BLBVATBDTBMPBRA-
TIJRBS
(1, p. 21)

CODE 1211
 REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALJ..OYS

1. GENERAL 1.06 Hardness

This alloy was originally developed and used for hot die 1.061 End quench hardenabllity, Figure 1.061. Fe
applications. More recently 1t has found extensive 1.062 Effect of stress relief on hardness of cold worked sheet,
application in ihe aerospace industry as a pressure Figure 1.062. 0.46 c
vessel maierlal at yield strength levels up to 215 ksi 1.063 Effect of tempering temperature on hardness,
in seamless rolled rings and closed die forgings. Figure 1.063. 1.0 Cr
Hardenabillty is considerably superior to 4340 and very 1.064 Hardness survey on welded plate, Figure l. 064.
high toughness characierizes conditions having yield 1.065 Effect of austenitizing temperature on hardness, 1.0 Mo
strengths below 190 ksi. Tensile strength levels up to Figure 1.065.
~' 300 ksi can be achieved by conventional quench and 0.55 Ni
: temper treatments, however, such high strength 1.07 Forms and Conditions Available
i conditions can be obtained only by a considerable Sheet, bar, forging stock and extrusions on special D6A
sacrifice in fracture toughness. order.
Weldabillty using the TIG process is excellent if proper 06AC
procedures are followed. 1.08 Melting and Casting Practice
Electric furnace air melt Is available but alioy is
1.01 Commercial Designations generally consumable electrode vacuum remelted.
Ladish D6A, J.adish D6AC
(Consumable electrode vacuum melt). 1.09 Special Considerations
To avoid quench cracking ihe material should be charged
1.02 Alternate Designations Into ihe tempering furnace before reaching a iemper-
Ladish D6A, Crucible D6 alloy steel. ature of 200F during ihe quenching operation. Frequent-
ly a low temperature, snap temper, Is employed
1.03 Specification Immediately following quenching, In order that final
1.031 Table 1.031 tempering at some higher temperature may be delayed.
Air cooling should be emplc;yed from tempering
TABLE 1.031 temperatures above about 900F to avoid embrittlement,
(sec Table 3. 03"1'!1 ). As is typical of low alloy high
AMS Form strength steels, ihe lraetnll toughnP.ss decreases
6431 Bars, forging, and tubing premium raiher rapidly at yield strength levels above 225 ksl.
quality, consumable electrode vacuum
melted.
6438 Plate, sheet, and strip premium qual!ty,
cnnsumable electrode vacuum melted. 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
i 2.01 Thermal Properties
.........
1.04 Composition 2.011 Melting range approximately 2740F.
Table 1.04 2.012 Phase changes. Time temperature transformation
diagram, Figure 2.012.
TABLE l.04
2.013 Thermal Conductivity.
Source AMS (281 (2~1 (5)
2.014 Thermal expansion, Figure 2.014.
Percent Percent 2.015 Specific heat.
Min Max_ Min Mnx 2.016 Thermal dlfluslvlty.
Carbon 0.45 0.50 0.42 0.48
Chromium 0.90 1.20 0.90 1.20 2.02 Other Physical Properties
Manganese 0.60 0.90 0.60 0.90 2.021 Density. 0.284 lb per cu ln. 7.87 gr per cu em,
Molybdenum 0.90 1.10 0.90 1.10 (Ref 4, p 2).
Nickel 0.40 0.70 0.40 o. 70 2.022 Electrical properties.
Phosphorous 0.015 0.025 2.023 Magnetic properties, Ferromagnetic.
Sillcon 0.15 0.30 0.15 0.30 2.024 Emissivity.
Sulfur 0.015 0.025 2.025 Damping capacity.
Vanadium 0.08 0.15 0.05 0.10
Balance Balance 2.03 Chemical Properties
(see also chapter on alloy 4340)

2.04 Nuclear Properties

3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
1.05 Heat Treatment 3.01 Specified Mechanical Properties
See also Table 4. 0312 and Section 1. 09. 3.011 AMS specUied mechanical properties, Table 3.011.
1.051 Anneal. 1500 to 1550F, cool at 50F per hour to 1000F,
(4, p 3). TABLE 3 011
1.052 Normalize. 1600 to 1~50F, (Ref 29). Source AMS 128112!11
1.053 Ausienltize. 1550 to J650F, 30 minutes to 2 hours. Alloy Fe-(0. 46C )-1. OCr-1. OMo..O. 55NI
Sections up to one Inch may be air cooled, (oil quench Form Bars forgings and tubing
sections over one inch). Alternate quench to minimize
Condition 1600 to 1650F, 1 Hr, OQ + 390 to 410F,
cracking and distorllon; 400F salt, 10 minutes, air
1 Hr, AC + 1000F, 4 Hr, AC
cool (Ref 22,25,28,29).
1.054 Temper. Snap temper 400F, 1 to 2 hours, air cool Ftu mln-ksi 224
immediately following austenitizlng, (Ref 22,28). Final Ftymin-ksi 195
temper, 400F to 1300F, 2 to 4 hours, air cool, e(2 In or 4D)
depending on strength level desired, (see 3.021). min - percent 7
'::..
,,, 1.055 Stress rellef, (see Table 4.0312). RA,
""-"'., 1.056 Austemper, 950F, 1 hour, (Ref 2.0). min, percent 30
1.057 Marstrain. Can be used to increase tensile strength Hardness,
following iemper, (see Figures 3. 0214 and 3. 02712). RC- min 47

r.nnF" 1?1~
 FERROUS All..O't'S
REVISED MARCH 196 8

3.02 Mech anica l Prop ertie s at Room

Temp eratu re
Fe 3.021
3.021 1
Tens ion, (see 3.031 ). 3.027 Stres s conc entra tion.
Stres s strai n diagr ams. 3.027 1 Notch prop ertie s, see also 3.027
0.4 6 c 3. 02111 Stres s strai n curv e for sheet temp
ered nt GOOF, 3.027 11 Notch prop ertie s ,for shee t, Figu
2.
re 3. 02711.
Figu re 3. 02111. 3.027 111 Effec t of temp ering temp eratu re
1.0 Cr 3.021 2 Tens ile prop ertie s for sheet . prop ertie s of sheet , Figu re 3.027
on sharp notch
3.021 21 Effec t of temp ering temp eratu re 3. 027112 Effec t of mars train on 111.
on tensi le prop ertie s sharp notch prop ertie s of shee t,
1.0 Mo of sheet , Figu re 3. 02121. Figu re 3.027 112.
3. 02122 Effec t of mars tra!n on tensi le prop 3. 027113 Effec t of temp ering temp
Q5 5 Ni Figu re 3. 02122.
ertie s of shee t, eratu re on sharp notch
prop ertie s of nfr and vacuu m melt
3.021 23 Effec t of low mubo n conte nt on sheet ,
tensi le prop ertie s of Figu re 3.027 113.
DSA shee t, Figu re 3.021 23. 3,027 114 Effec t of low carbo n
3.021 24 conte nt and temp ering temp er-
Effec t of temp ering temp eratu re ature s on sharp notch stren gth of
06A C at two auste nitlzl ng temp eratu res,
on tensi le prop ertie s
3.027 12 Notch prop ertie s of plate .
shee t, Figu re 3.021 14.
3.021 25 Figu re 3.021 24.
Effec t of temp ering temp eratu re 3,027 121 Effec t of crack lengt
on tensi le prop ertie s h on sharp notch stren gth of three
of air and vacuum melt alloy sheet thick nesse s of plate each from a
3. 0213 , Figu re 3.021 25. diffe rent heat,
Tens ile prop ertie s for plate . Figu re 3. 027121.
3. 02131 Effec t of temp ering temp eratu re 3,027 122 Effec t of surfa ce crack
on tensi le prop ertie s s on sharp notch stren gth of plate
of plate , Figu re 3. 02131. at stren gth level s between Fty=
3.021 4 Tens ile prop ertie s for bar. 190 and 215 ksl,
3.021 41 Figu re 3.027 122.
Effec t of temp ering temp eratu re 3.027 13 Notch prop ertie s for bar ..-
on tensi le prop ertie s
of bar, Figu re 3.021 41. 3. 027131 Effec t of temp ering
3.021 42 Effec t of temp ering temp eratu re temp cmtU rc on notch ed and
on tensi le prop ertie s unnotchcd teMi le prop~!;li<Js of bar,
of strai n aged bar, Figu re 3.021 3.027 132 Effec t of tempe.ri<lg Figu re 3.027 131.
3. 0215 42. tcrrl~"Jrature on the sharp notch
Tens ile prop ertie s for forgi ngs. stren th of bar, figur e 3.027 132.
3. 02151 Effec t of temp ering temp eratu re 3,027 14
on tensi le prop ertie s Notch prope rties' for forgi ni;s.
of roiled ring forgi ngs, Figu re 3.027 141 Effec t of surfncQicraclu.
3.021 52 3.021 51. on e.hs rp notch stren gth of
Effec t of forgi ng reduc tion on tensi forgi ng, Flgir rc ::!~~]27141.
le prop ertie s of a
varia ble cros s sectio n ausfo rmcd 3,027 15 Effec t of temp ering tcmJ1t':"Sturc
forgi ng temp ered at on sharp notch
500F , Figu re 3.021 52. prop ertie s of shea r spun ,>Jloy,
3. 02153 Effec t of forgi ng reduc tion on tensi 3.027 16 F!gu rc 3.027 15.
le prop ertie s of Effec t of surfa ce crack s mr burst
varia ble cross sectio n ausfo rmcd stren gth of thin walle d
forgi ng temp ered at cylin ders, Figur e 3.027 16.
900F , Figu re 3. 02153. 3.027 2 Frac ture tough ness, (sec also 3.032
3.021 54 Effec t of forgi ng and temp ering 3.027 21 7).
temp eratu re on tensi le The majo rity of the fract ure tostln
prop ertie s of ausfo rmed forgi ngs, g of this alloy has
Figur e 3.021 54. been carri ed out unde r cond itions
3.021 55 Effec t of shot peeni ng and temp ering having yield strengihH
temp eratu re on below 215 ksl. The plane strai n
tensi le prop ertie s, Figu re 3. 02155 fract ure tough ness at
. yield strcnjf..hs below this level
3. 02156 Effec t of austc mper ing temp eratu
re on tensi le prop ertie s what could be meas ured using the
has been In exce ss of .... _,.
of plate , Figur e 3.021 56. speci mens empl oyed ,
For these cond itions and judgm ents
3.021 57 Effec t of temp ering temp eratu re conc ernin g the load
on tensi le prop ertie s carry ing capac ity in the prese nce
for three therm al mech anica l proce of crack s arc best
ssing treat ment s made from data on surfa ce crack
of forge d alloy , Figur e 3.021 57 ed spec! mens ,
(e.g. Figu res 3.027 122 and 3.027
3. 0216 Tens ile prop ertie s of extru sions 141). A very limit ed
. amou nt of data apply ing to yield
3. 02161 Tens ile prop ertie s of extru sion stren gth between 235
at two temp ering temp er and 245 ksl Indic ate that the plane
ature s, Table 3.021 61. strai n toughn_c~t
these stren gth level s Is between
45 and 65 ksi - "V ln.

TABLE 3,021 61
Sourc e
Allov lw-
Form Fc-(0 .46C }-l. OCr-1. OMo-0 .55NI
r.nnd ltlnn
T RhnnP d ;;-,-";:!,;;',~ v-4-, ./Rv 7? In lr.VM
't'<Om nr>r
1r.snr. "n Min r.r. + rr. f." ""~ Q;;n; ; 1~
wllh "/R nnrl ~~~
dnnfo' colt IS Min Ar. +
650F '1'n~nnn lQ '+ Un\
Location Q

Cent er 5/a In lc" 10~5r.

mr.... tlnn 3/8 In lcrr Cent er
1 r ... 5/8 In leg 3/8 In lei!:
Ftu, ksi
290 285 281
'1' 1 I '1' .,.
Fty ksl 282 284 239
255 238 236 239
c (I in), perce nt 248 254 245 237
250 218 218
RA, perce nt 12 11 ~ 12 218 220 219
40 10 15 13
38 34 42 12 13 12
35 49 50 40 52 42
3.021 7 Tens ile prop ertie s of shea r spun
alloy .
3.021 71 Effec t of temp ering temp eratu re
on tensi le prop ertie s
of shea r spun alloy , Figu re 3. 02171
3.021 72 .
Effec t of shea r form reduc tion on
tensi le prop crthi s,
Figu re 3.021 72
3.022 Com press ion.
3.022 1 Stres s strai n diagr ams.
3.023 Impa ct, (sec also 3. 033)
3.023 1 Effec t of temp ering temp eratu re
on Impa ct prop ertie s, 3. 02722
Figu re 3.023 1. Effec t of temp ering temp eratu re
on sharp notch
3.024 Bend ing. prop ertie s and fract ure tough ness
of plate ,
3.025 Tors ion and shea r. Figu re 3. 02722.
3.025 1 Effec t of shea r form reduc tion shea 3.027 23 Effec t of temp ering temp eratu re
r prop ertie s, on fract ure tough ness
Figu re 3. 0251. for three therm al-me chan ical proce
3.026 ssing treat ment s of
Bear ing. forge d alloy , Figu re 3. 02723.
3.028 Comb ined prop ertie s.

CODE 1213
REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALLOYS

3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures

3.031 Tension. Fe
3.0311
3.03111
Stress strain diagrams.
Stress strain curves for plate at room temperature and 0.46 c
250F, Figure 3.03111.
3.0312 Effect of test temperature on tensllo properties of bar 1.0 Cr
at several strength levels, Figure 3.0312.
3,0313 Effect of test temperature on tenslle properties, 1.0 Mo
Figure 3. 0313.
3. 0322 Compression.
Q55 Ni
3.03221 Stress strain diagrams.
3.033 Impact. D6A
Elevated temperature Charpy V notch Impact properties.
3.0331
Figure 3. 0331.
D6AC
3.0332 Elevated temperature Charpy U notch impact properties
for various strength levels, Figure 3,0332.
3.0333 Low temperature Charpy V Impact properties,
Figure 3.0333.
3.0334 Effect of test temperature on impact strength of variable
cross section ausformed forging, Figure 3.0334.
3.034 Bending.
3.035 Torsion and shear.
3,036 Bearing.
3.037 Stress concentration.
3.0371 Notch properties.
3.0372 Fracture toughne"~
3.03721 Plano strain fracture toughness at room and low
temperatures of plate austempered and retempere.!,
Table 3.03721.

TABLE 3.03721

1~ ..
Allov
-p 1?011?

Fe-10.46Cl-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni

Form 2 to 2 1/4 In plate (CVM)
Condition 1650F, 30 i.Unute 950F, 1 llr 1&501-', 30 Minute -950F, I Hr
SQ 400F, 15 Minute + 400F, I llr OQ + 400F, 1 llr + 1025F (2 + 2 Hr)
+ 650F (2 + 2 Hr) AC FC
Fty= 235 ksi (20) F~:" 212 ksl (21) Ftv= 198 ksl (21)
Test Tomo-F RT -65 RT -65 RT I -65
DI~Hnn WR wr WR wr WR \VT WR \VT WR WR
Kie - ksi -vrn 58 I 62 I 48
~.~'-o.7 83 __! 1 86 I 56 I 61 oi4 I 35
Fatigue cracked after heat treatment
4 pt. bend specimen
t 24
~~sq

3.03722 Effect of strength level and test temperature on plane

strain fracture toughness of air and CVM melted plate,
Figure 3.03722.
3.038 Combined properties.

3,04 C recp and C rocp Rupture Properties

3.041 Creep rupture curves at 900 and 1000F, Figure 3.041.
3.042 C rcep rupture strength of smooth and notched bar at
elevated temperatures, Figure 3.042.

3.05 Fatigue Properties

3.051 Fatigue strength of marstralned sheet, Table 3. 051.

TABLE 3.051
11
''""'-"
Allnv Fe-10.46Cl-1 ~- nMn-0. """''
Form 0.125 In sheet (CVMl
Condition 1650F, AC + 1550F, OQ + GOOF (2 + 2 HR) + 0. 38
percent strain + 400F, 2 Hr
Stress Fatigue Strength - ksl
Method
.
Stress Ratio
I n
Conccn
-tratlon
at Cycles
on2lon31 ,n4l ,nsl n6l n7
Direct
Stress 1 I 0 Smooth 2701260123011251120 1120

.
., ..,
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDM ARCH 1968

3.052 Effect of test temperature on smooth and notched

Fe fatigue properties of bar, Table 3. 052.

0.46 c TABLE 3.052

1.0 Cr Source 11?1

Allov Fe-IU6Cl-LO Cr-LJlMo-n ~ ~~1\Tt
1.0 Mo Form
I/2 In bar
Condition isooF, IS Minute, OQ + 500F, 2 Hr
Q55 Ni Direct Stress Ratio
Test Temp, F Stress Fatigue Strength - ksi at Cycles
Cone en.
06A RT
A R 1n3 '"4 1n6
1 Smooth
D6AC ao -1 220
270 230 170 150 150
180 160 130 100 100
450 1 0 Smooth 260 220 170 150 135
550 "' -1
0 Smooth
220 180 160 130 100 90
240 215 170 150 130
-1 220 180 140 110 85 75
RT 0 Notched 300 190 120 80 80 80
-1 200 135 65
450 50 50 50
1 0 Notched 100 85 70 60
550 "'1 -1
0 Notched
45 40 40
280 140 100 80 65 55

~'
170 100 65 50 45 40
Notched
Specimen

3.053 Low cycle fatigue behavior of cracked plate specimens

and tanks, Flgu ro 3. 053.
3.054 SN -eurves for 220 - 240 ksl hot rolled plate,
Figure 3.054.
3.055 SN-.:urves for 260-280 ksl forged bar, Figure 3.055.

3.06 Elastic Properties

3.061 Poisson's raUo.
3.062 Modulus of elasticity. This substliutlon Improves weld strength for the higher
3.0621 Modulus of elasticity at room and elevated temper- tempering temperatures, (Ref 5). Using proper
atures, Figure 3.0621, techniques primary weld cfflclenccs after heat treat-
3.063 Modulus of rigidity. ment approach 100 percent, Preheat and n postheat
Immediately following welding necessary to avoid
crnck!ng, (sec Table 4,0312). The tour:hness of
4. FABRICATION primary TIG wolds heat treated to yield strength levels
4.01 Formability less than .bout 200 ksl Is csscnUnlly equal to that of
4.011 Forging. Starting temperature 2250F, maximum, the parent metal, (e.g. see Jo"lgurc 4.0313). Weld
finishing temperature J.800F, minimum. Slow cool repair following bent treatment requires spcclnl
after finishing. Alternately nold at 1200F, 12 hours precautlol.tS, (sec Table 4. 0312) and results In some
Immediately following forging, raise temperature to loss In strength and toughness, (sec Figure 4.0313),
1650F and then cool to 1200F, holding 10 hours and (Ref 4,5,22).
air cool. 4. 0~11 Composidon of filler wires used for TIG welding of
plate, Table 4. 0311.
4.02 Machining and Grinding
(see 4340). TABLE 4.0311

4.03 Sou reo 1221 1~1

Welding
llnv ""-/0.46Cl- _OCr- OMn-n ~~Nf
4.031 General. This alloy Is weldable In sheet and heavy
sections. Extensive experience Is a'llllablc In the Form Til w.. tri WIM
welding of pressure vessels having ,ectlon thickness Percent
Percent Min Max
between 0.2 ard 1.0 Inch, (e.g., F.ef 5 and 22) heat
trentcd to yield strength levels between 180 and 215 ksl. Carbon 0.28 0.08 0.14
For critical applications the TIG process Is preferred Chromium 1.10 2.25 2.75
using vacuum melted wires of lower carbon content
than the parent metal and containing minimum amounts
llydrogcn
Manganese
0.0001
0.80
- 0.0050
0.40 0.70
of P, S, and gases. Welds made In this manner will Molybdenum 1.10 0.85 1.10
have a higher toughness but a somewhat lower yield
strength than tho parent plate, For some applications
Nickel 0.55 - -
the chromium and nickel content of the wire Is also
Nitrogen 0.0025 - o. 0025
changed from that of the parent metal to give an Im-
Oxygen 0,0012 - 0.0025
proved heat treat response, (sec Table 4, 0311). U
Phosphorous
Silicon
0.007
0.25
- 0.008
tempering temperatures above about 1125F arc employed 0.30 (1.55
Sulfur 0.007 - 0.008
17-22A (S) (AMS 6458) weld wire has been used In
place of tho 2.5 Cr composition shown io (Table 4.0311).
Vanadium
Tvnlcal
0.09 - -
 FeUH
REVI.SEDMARCH 196 8 FERROUS ALLOYS

4,0312 Recommended weld heat treat sequence for primo.ry J2.~=F~e--~(0~.~4~6~C~)~-~~-.~OC~r--~~~.O~M~o--~0-.5~5~N~i~

welds and weld repair after heat treatment,
0. 050 IN SHEET
Table 4. 0312. 50 PERCENT REDUCTION Fe
TABLE 4,0312
BY H
0.46 c
Source /5\/22\
Allov Fe-{0,460)-l.O Cr-1 0Mo-0.55NI
1.0 Cr
Thlclmess-ln
TIG weld
0. 1 In ~7fi
1.0 Mo
Prf mn"MI /51 WPM ,.onno? nfto,. lt'T'/9?'
Temperature
eO PART RECRYS
Q55 Ni
Preheat and 500 to 650F 5(10 to 650F
TntPrnna &6 FULLY RECRYS
Post heat (a)(b)
650 to 700F, 2 Hr, AC 8- OSA
to 150 to 175F + 650F AS SPUN HARDNESS = 2.5. SRC DSAC
to 700F 1 Hr AC
Stress relief_ 12nn 12M1> lh llOOF 1 Hr AC
0~----~----~----~----~
Heat 1650F, 1 Hr, SQ 400F 1650F, 2 Hr, FC: to 1600F 1050 1100 1150 !ZOO 1250
Treatment 10 Minute, AC + 400F, 30 Minute, SQ 400F, STRESS li.ELIEF TEMP - F
1 Hr AC + 1075F, 4 Hr, 10 Minute, AC + 400F,
AC 2 Hr, AC +GOOF, 2 Hr, FIG. 1. 062. EFFECT OF STRESS RELIEF
(Fty= 215 ksl) AC + 1125F, 4 llr, AC
ON HARDNESS OF COLD
(Fty = lSO ksl)
WORKED SHEET.
(a) For highly restrained sections, Ref 4 gives 575 to 625F,
(2., p. 8)
1.5 hours, ACto 300F as soon after welding as pcsslblc
followed by Immediate stress relief.
(b) For welded tank fabrications (0. 2 to 1. 0 inch sections), Ref 5,
stress relief before part has cooled below interpnss temp.
64
Fe-~.46C)-
1.<0--l.OM>-0. SSNi
NORM 16SOF
+15SOF, OQ +TEMPER
4.0313 Effect of surface crack size on sharp notch strcn<rth 56
of Primarv welds and weld repairs made after
heat treatment, Fii(Ure 4.0313. u
4.0314 Effect of welding on low temperature Charpy V Impact 0:
properties, Figure 4.0314.
Ill 48
4.04 Heat Treatment !3
Decarhurlzlng should be avoided by usc of suitable
z
c
~
furnace atmosphc~cs, (sec 4340). Spcclnl heat
treatments for hydrospun parts, (Ref 8). ~ 40
4.041 Normalize preform. 1725 to 1775F, 30 minutes, air
cool.
4.042 Spheroldize preceding spinning. 1350F, 5 hours, raise
to 1400F, 1 hour; furnace cool to 1275F, 10 hours, 32
furnace cool to 1200F, 8 hours, air cool to below 200F, 0 400 800 1200
resulting hardness should be 229 BHN, TEMPERING TEMP - F
4.043 Within 8 hours after spinning. 1625 to 1675F, 1 hour (In FIG. I. 063 EFFECT OF TEMPERING
controlled atmosphere) furnace cool to below 400F, air TEMPERATU RES ON
cool, temper 400F, 2 hours, air cool. HARDNESS.
4.044 Hardening. 1650F, 30 minutes (In controlled (4, p. 4)
atmosphere) quench into 500F salt. Temper, 1000 to
1075F, air cool.
70r------ ---------- ---------- --------,
4,05 Surface Treating Fe-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-!. OMo-0. S5Ni
(See 4340). TIG WELDED PLATE
i625F, OQ +TEMPER
2 HR

o5r-------------------------~----~ u
~
Fe-(0. 46C)-I. OCr-!. OMo-0. 55Ni
u
~

~ 60~~--~----r-----+---~+-----;
z
~ 0 PARENT METAL
~ 1800F, Q (4) 0 AVG WELD HARDNESS
55~----~----~----~----~----~
0 8 16 2.4 32. 40 30~v---~----~------~----~----~
DISTANCE FROM QUENCHED END-SIXTEE NTHS INCH AS 600 800 I 000 12.00
QUENCHED
FIG. 1.061 END QUENCH HARDENABI LITY TEMPERING TEMPERAT URE- F
(4)(2.7)
FIG. I. 064 HARDNESS SURVEY ON WELDED PLATE
(30)
I ~VII

FERROl:I.S ALLOYS REVISED 'MARCH 1968

\...

0.46
!.0
Fe
c
Cr
60
Fe-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
SHEET
AIR COOLED
10
fl'0-1 4001- I. OC-'. -A
0 5s
1.0 Mo
~I ~
a: "' 9

/
.X:

~
t.l
Q55. Ni Ul 1.4

..
Ul
~so 2S 8
06A
06AC
Q
a:
<
a:
t.l
~
/.
=45 TIME AT TEMP.
30MIN
z
;;'7
~
--
0. 068 IN SHEET
0.130 IN SHEET
40 ~----~----~----~----~ 6
1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 0 zoo 400 600 800 1000 uoo 1400
AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATtTRE- F TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. I. 065 EFFECT OF AUSTENITIZING FIG. 2. 014 MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION
TEMPERATURE ON HARDNESS.
(43)

I'c-(0.46C)-l. OCr- I. 0Mo-0.55Ni

320 1/8 INCH AIR MELT SHEET
16501'. 1 IIR, AC +
15501', 1 IIR, AC +
GOOF, 2 + 2 IIR
1400 R 280
Fe- (0. 46C)-1.0Cr-1.0Mo- 0. SSN~
-
1300
AI4F4C
-cc:
/_
F4C
240
v ~
L,T

I
1200 R c20

"'1100
0
- """"- ...._R
200

~
:::
!-<
~ 900
1000

(A+ F;_c. 1:,:.::= R

R
;;
:.:
160
I
II
t.l
~ 800
I
w
!-<
700
\ I
\
( F4C
120
~~sol ,
PERCENT
-IR
600
:Ms a: gj-
" "' ..,"' = ~ ~
~
zt:l :::
::: >- 80

I
0
ES
500

400
::0
I
"'-
I
- --
0 0

0 10 10 -"10.3 10.4 40
LOG TIME - SECONDS

FIG. Z.012 TIME-TEMPERATURE-TRANS-

FORMATION DIAGRAM. 0
1/
(39) 0 0.01 o.oz 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
STRAIN IN PER IN
FIG. 3.02111 STRESS STRAIN CURVE FOR SHEET TEMPERED AT GOOF.
(17)
 reun
REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe>-(0.4 6C)-1.0C r-1.0Mo- 0.55Ni Fe

0.100 IN SHEET*
ORM16 50F, + 1550,0Q 320 0.46 c
+TEMP ER
1.0 Cr
1.0 Mo
0.55 Ni
:::>
~ 240 1---~-=-~~lr---a---1160 tt' DGA
I'<
E-< DGAC

eL
E-< 80 OT
zw Fe(C)-1 . OCr-1. OMo-0, 55Ni
20
u 320
0. 070 IN SHEET
!>: NORM 1650F 1/2HR
w
p. AUST 1550F 1/2 HR
0~---~----~---~~ + TEMPE R 2 !:iRS
0 400 BOO 1200
TEMPE RING TEMP- F ~ 2801--..L.l.<d----~--
1'<
FIG. 3. 02121 EFFECT OF TEMPER ING
TEMPE RATUR E ON TENSIL E
PROPER TIES OF SHEET.
(AFTER SURFACE REMOVAL)
(4, p. 6)

200
36 0

........
' ; Fe-(0. 46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
0. 125 IN SHEET CVM
3Z 0 HT + MARST RAIN + AGE, 2 HR - 400

...4~ ~
'\.'

o,, 360

~ F
TU
3ZO 10
Z4 0

! ,_-----11 ~
-0 E-<

zo 0 Z80 ~ z:=-1 5
t--- u
~ >- !>:

~ ~
FTY
Z40
E-<
I'<
tol
p.
L
zoo 40\) 600 800 1000 1ZOO
~ 16'j0F, SQ 400F, 5MINt60 0F(Z + 2HR) TEMPE RING TEMP - F
~ STRAIN + 350F, Z HR
EFFECT OF LOW CARBON CONTEN T
0
1650F, AC > 1550.F, OOt600F (Z + ZHR)
+STRA IN+ 400F, Z HR
,
zoo FIG. 3.0Z1Z3
AND VARIOU S TEMPE RING TEMPE RA-
Tl'RE ON TENSIL E PROPER TIES OF

5,.._ _ _.~ . e(2IN)

SHEET.
(31)

-- -
0
3 Uj~
~~
RA ---. "1
0 0.4 0.6 o. 8 1.0
0 0,2
MARST RAlN - PERCEN T

"'- ;; FIG. 3. OZ1ZZ EFFEC T OF MARSTR AIN ON TENSIL E

PROPER TIES OF SHEET.
(11)
t-eUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REV ISED MAR CH I~SS
1 .

Fe Fe-(0 .46C )-I. OCr- I. 0Mo- 0.55N i

0.1Z5 THIC K SHEE T
0.46 c AUST ENIT IZE AND TEMP ER, ZHRS
300
1.0 Cr
1.0 Mo
Q55 Ni
D6A
D6AC ~zzo

AUST ENIT IZE

0 1750F , 30 MIN
1550F , 15 MIN
10 -

ZBO
Fe-(0 . 46C) l. OCr-1 . OMo- 0. 55Ni
2oo 6oo soo 1 ooo "'.~. 05S IN SHEE T
1zoo
TEMP ERIN G TEM PERA TURE - -.., MILL ANNE ALED
],"
Z60 '-,. ' GROU ND TO THIC KNES S
FIG. 3. OZ1Z4 EFFE CT OF TEMP ERIN G AUST . 1550F (ARG ON ATM)
TEMP ERAT URE ON TENS ILE 'O 1.4 HR, OQ+T EMPE R, ZHRS

"
PROP ERTI ES AT TWO
AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURES. 1

(41)
::J Z40 1----1--..::.....+~.---+---+---l
f-<
~

zzo
Z60

7.40

zzo
~
><
- - - VACU UM MELT f-.
~
D6AC
zoo
---0 AIR MELT
D6
10
180

f-<
fJu 5

"'
c.!
c.
0
600 700 800 900 1000 1100
TEM PERA TURE - F
FIG. 3.0212 5 EFFE CT OF TEMP ERIN G TEMP
ERAT URE
ON TENS ILE PROP ERTI ES .OF AIR
AND
VACU UM MEI.T ALLO Y SHEE T.
(36)
 I v '-'1 I

REVISEDMARCH 1968 FERROUS ALLOYS

, ..,,
340
Fe-(0.46C)-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni Fe-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
BAR NORM 1650 400 Fe
~/8 TO 1/Z JN PLATE, CVM

300
1550F, 1 HR, SQ
400F, 10 MIN 340
+1550F, OQ + TEMPER
+2 PERCENT STRAIN 0.46 c
....... ~ + TEMPER (Z + Z HR) +STRESS RELIEF
1.0 Cr
301.0
1.0 Mo
260
-=---- ~
FTU
.____ 300

320 240~
Q55 Ni
~~ ~ ::> 06A
260 I ... 06AC
/~
fo.
~ ~
~ :><

~ ._____
!-< 240 160
~

:><
180 zzo ...
~" fo. STRESS RELIEF, 411R
160
250F
& 350F
80

60 180
450F
0 SSOF

-
80 0

40
~ RA
~ !-<
0
2:
Iii 40
e(l IN) u
~
Iii
0.
0 0
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 400 800 1200 1600
TEMPERING TEMP - F TEMPERING TEMP - F

FIG. 3.02131 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON FIG. 3. 02142 EFFECT OF TEMPERING

TENSILE PROPERTIES OF PLATE. TEMPERA TTJRE ON TENSILE
(18) PROPERTIES OF STRAIN-
AGED BAR.
(4, p. ZO)
320
Fe-(0. 46C)-l. 0Cr-1.0Mo-0.55Ni Fe-(0.46C)-1. OCr-!. OMo-0. SSNi
BAR 3ZO 3/4 TO I IN RING FORGING
NORM 1650F 1550F, AC
~ 280 t- + TEMPER, 4 HR

::::>
!-<
~ Z40
~~--
zoo
FTU
1-a-
r-. 240
1----
~ r---...
80
~
~ zoo
8or-----;------t------r--; 0 L
OT
...:><
~

160

RA
- 4
e (Z IN)

- 1. . . .

4~

0~----._----~----~~ 0
0 400 800 I ZOO 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
TEMPERING TEMP - F TEMPERING TEMP-F
FIG. 3. 02151 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
FIG. 3.02141 EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ROLLED
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE RING FORGINGS.
PROPERTIES OF BAR. (13)
(4, p. 4.9)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH. 1968

400
Fe-(0. 46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni

-- --
Fe 3 1/4 x Z 1/Z x 9 IN CLOSED DIE FORGING
FORGE 102.5 TO 1050F, OQ
0.46 c 360 _+ 300F, SR.
1.0 Cr
+ 500F (Z + Z HR) ...
1.0 Mo ~ 32.0
k'(h
/ / FTU \
360
Q55 Ni
D6A
~
~
E-<

2.80
A"'
/
~/ ,'\,
-. ,......
1//ltC_

D6AC ~
0

!- r---- -" FTY

~

I'
~
2.80

-{L
0 T 2.40
10 - - - A ST

zo
0
-
Q

~
~ ~'\
/
.. -----
c(1IN)
r::.a.

RA
-- ~

----
.,-- ~

0
I
30 40 60
50 70 80
FORGING REDUCTION - PERCENT %0 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
FIG. 3. OZISZ EFFECT OF FORGING REDUCTION Fc-(0. 46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF A 3 1/4 x Z 1/2. x 9 IN CLOSED DIE FORGING
VARIABLE CROSS-SECTION AUS- FORGE 102.5 TO 1050F, OQ
32.0 ~ 300F, SR
FORMED FORGING TEMPERED
AT SOOF. + 900F (2. t Z HR)
(10)
0
32.0

:::>
E-<
~

--.-
~~ 2.40r------+----~r-----~----~------; 2.80

0
><
E-<
~
2.40

f L
--toT
---A ST 2.00

--~---r-i~--.--~
c(11N)

10~---_._ _ _~--~--~----J
30 40 50 60 70 80
FORGING REDUCTION - PERCENT

FIG. 3.02.153 EFFECT OF FORGING REDUCTION ON

TENSILE PROPERTIES OF A VARIABLE
CROSS SECTION AUSFORMED FORGING
TEMPERED AT 900F.
(10)

CODE 1213
 t-eUH
REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALLOYS
.....
400 r---------~F~e--(~0~.4~6~C=-)~-~~~.O~M~o--~O
~.~SS~N~i~~
VACUUM ARC REMELTED
MATERIAL- STEAM
Fe
DROP HAMMER
360 t-----+--=-.i~"""=::--rA,_,U,S""F_,O,.R'i'G"'E"'D,.__--1
0.46 c
1.0 Cr
1.0 Mo
Q55 Ni
D6A
05AC

360

3ZO

Z80 UJ
:.:
>-
E-o
Z40 1..
n-80 PERCENT REDUCTION
IOOOF FORGE TEMP
3ZO
llOOF FORGE TEMP
1;. l300F FORGE TEMP zoo Fc-(0.46C)-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
NOT FORGED AUST 1650F 1/ZHR + 1550F 1/ZHR
400F SO+ TEMPER, ZHRS
' ~ Z80
40 160

Z40
zo
E-o
z
r.l
u 0 Z60
a:
r.l 15
~
e
10
zzo
5

0
300 400 500 600 700 800 180 >-
E-o
TEMPERING TEMP - F

FIG. 3. OZ154 EFFECT OF FORGING AND TEMPERING

"'
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES 140
OF AUSFORMED FORGING.
PEENED-l'NPEEN ED
(3Z)
0 FTU
zo
D. FTY 100

E-o
z
lol
u 10
0 c(Z IN)

a:
lol
~

e(Z IN)
0
zoo 400 600 800 1000 !ZOO 1400
TEMPERING TEMP - F

FIG. 3.0Zl55 EFFECT OF SHOT PEENING AND TEMPERING

TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES.
()5)
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS
REV ISED MARCH 196 8

260
Fe Fe-(0 .46C) -1.0C r
1.0 Mo - O.SSNi
0.46 c 1/2 IN PLAT E
240 I---_ ,116 SOF , IHR +
1.0 Cr AUST EMPE RING

1.0 Mo
220
Q55 Ni
06A
06AC 200

FTY
~ 3 HRS
180
4 HRS
8 HRS
400 . . - - - - - - - - -
-------.,
160 Fe-(0 . 46C)- I. OCr- I. OMo- 0. SSNi
FORG ING

140

iil
~

'::. 25 0 1---+---l'----=:__.J---=l-,::-~:---
~ ar-n
to.. 0 2000F , IHR t FORG E
(65 PERC ENT) AC
f 16SO F, ZHR, OQ
zoo + SR 350F , 2HRS t
0 L---~--~--~ TEM PER 2 t 2 HRS
500 600 700 800
AUST EMPE RING TEM P-F

FIG. 3.021 56 EFFE CT OF AUST EM-

PERI NG TEM PERA TURE
ON TENS ILE PROP ERTI ES
OF PLAT E.
(39)

0 1650 F,2H RS ACT O IOSOF

HOLD IOOOF, 1/2 HR t
FOR GE(6 5PER CEN T)OQ
t SR 350F , 2HRS t TEM PER
2 + 2 HRS
60 2000 F, IHRtF ORG E(65 PERC ENT)
AC
16SO F, 2HRS , OQ t SR 3SOF , ZHRS
50 ti650 F, IHR IN SALT
950F SALT BATH
40 5 MIN Q IN ISO FOIL
t TEMP CJR 2 t 2 HRS

OL---~--~--~---~
200 400 ----~
600 800 1000 1200
TEM PERI NG TEM P - F
FIG. 3. 02157 EFFE CT OF TEM PERI NG TEM
PERA TUR E
ON TENS ILE PROP ER TIES FOR
THRE E
THER MAL -MEC HAN ICAL PROC
ESSI NG
TREA TME NTS OF FORG ED ALLO
Y.
(42)
 I V\JI I

REVISED MARCH 196 8 FERROUS ALLOYS

360r-----~----------------~
Fe-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
SHEAR SPUN PREFORMS, CVM Fe
1650F, 40 MIN, AC
+ 15SOF', 35 MIN, OQ 0.46 c
32.0
+ 500F, 1 HR
1.0 Cr
1.0 Mo
0.55 Ni
D6A
DGAC

1------~----~~----+-----~2.00
L T THICKNESS
60 -
0
C::.
0. 07 IN
0.2. IN

40
Fe-(0, 46C)-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
SHEAR FORMED MATERIAL
<0.150 IN THICK
2.0
E-<
z 10
l>l
u
!>:
l>l
A. 5
2.0( AUST. 1550F, AC
TEMPER 2.00F', (2. + 2. HRS)

0 L-----~----~----~----~
400 500 600 700 BOO
TEMPERING TEMP - F

FIG. 3.02171 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPER-

ATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF SHEAR SPUN ALLOY.
(19) m---~n~'nD-~-O~k-0
11 ..... 4J
FTU FTY e - 2.00
e ANNEALED CONDI-
TION SHEAR FORM

0 0 l:::.SHEAR FORMED
QUENCH AND
TEMPER
__.-IJ
1------1-- _ ___,,a::::::::.:=--+------112.0

VV7
------~------~-----1-------1 80

E-< 30~----~-----+------+-----~
z
~ 2.:"11:,....----11------1-------J.----~
~ I"\.. e(2. IN)
l>l
A.
o~l--"~~~~---1-------J.----~
......... .... .. ....

0~----~----~------~--~--~
0 2.0 40 60 80
REDUCTION - PERCENT
FIG. 3. 02.172. EFFECT OF SHEAR FORM
REDUCTION ON TENSILE
PROPER TIES.
(33)

.,... ...
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1968

275
Fe-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni

0.46
1.0
Fe
c
Cr
60 250 .
0. 040 IN SHEET
I550F l/2HR + IOSOF I/2HR, OQ
+475F 2HR, AC + 475F 2HR, AC

1\
Fe-(0.46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
NOTCH ROOT Kt
NORM 1650F + 1550F, OQ
RADIUS (r)
1.0 Mo +TEMPER
O.OOI 17
Q55 Ni ~ 40 225
0.004 9.4

CHA~Y
06A
06AC
IE V

.......... ~
J Cil
:.::
200 \\ 0.007
0.025
o. 050
~oo/
7.3
4.I
3.I

.- ~50
0
175 "-...............
-
0 400 800 1200 I600
t-
TEMPERING TEMP -F .....
FIG. 3.0231 EFFECT OF TEMPERING !50
TEMPERA TUitE ON IMPACT 0 4 8 I2 I6 20
PROPERTIES.
Kt
(4, p. 4)
FIG. 3. 027II NOTCH PROPER TIES FOR SHEET.
(34)

Fe-(0. 46C)-1. OCr- I. OMo-0. 55Ni

NORMALIZE I650F, I/2HR
Fe-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-I. OMo-0. 55Ni
+ 1550F, 1/2 HR OQ
SHEAR FORMED MATERIAL 2 60
+TEMPER 2 fiRS 320 ~.. -;
AUST. 1550F AC
TEMPER 200F, (2 + 2 !IRS)

_l I -1\
" 4"" ~
20
280
Fsu FTY

ANNEALED CONDITION
SHEAR FORMED
I 80
240 ~
0 6 SHEAR FORMED
QUENCH AND TEM~R
><
!-<

/~
I
200 "'.::..
!-<

~ "'

180
v I 00

60
0 0
160

120

Cr- 2. ~~
"140
160

::::. 100
~<."' ~-
...
.v~ ~ <O.ISO IN THICK
60
0 20 40 60 80 80 ~----~----~--.----~----~----~----__j
REDUCTION - PERCENT 200 400 600 BOO 1000 120(' I400
TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3. 0251 EFFECT OF SHEAR FORM
REDUCTION ON SHEAR FIG. 3. 027111 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE l:JN
STRENGTH. SHARP NOTCH PROPERTIES OF SHEET.
(33) (6)(35)

CODE 1213
 REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALLOYS

1'

360
Fe-(C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
Fe-(0.46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
0. 070 !>HEET Fe
O.IZ51NSHEET, CVM
1650F, AC NORM I650F 1/Z HR
0.46 c
.__
+1550F, OQ AUST 1550F 1/Z HR
32. 0 +TEMPER Z HR
t600F (2. + 2. HR) + STRAIN
"C" CONTENT PERCENT
1.0 Cr
+400F, 2HR __._ _4
:,"
.... - 0.44
- 0.40 1.0 Mo
(. 2.8 0
I ---!::;,
2.40
----0 0.36
...--tTY
T ----0 0.30
0.55 Ni

~
24

~ zo 0
[Ej"CK 9
080 IN
DGA
D6AC

CENTER SLOT RAO = 0. 001 lN

NOTCH AFTER AGING
16 0

12.
0.___
- u
NOTCH
r 0. 001
80 IZOL----~~E---L-----~------~----_J
0 o.z 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
zoo 400 600 800 1000 12.00
MARSTRAIN - PERCENT
TEMPERING TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 02.7112 EFFECT OF MARSTRAIN ON SHARP
NOTCH PROPERTIES OF SHEET. FIG. 3. 02.7114 EFFECT OF LOW CARBON CONTENT
(II) AND TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
SHARP NOTCH STRENGTH OF SHEET.
(31)
..... ..,.

~------------------------------~z6o
Fc-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-!. OMo-0. 55Ni
0. 055 IN SHEET
MILL ANNEALED
1----...:::::--k-- GROUND TO THICKNESS 240 ZOOr---------------------------~-----
............ AUST.-!550F(ARGON ATM) Fc-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-!. OMo-0. 55Ni
1/4 HR, OQ +TEMPER PLATE, CVM
.......... 2. HRS ~ 16Z5F, I HR, SQ
2.20 160 400F, 10 MIN
;.. + IIOOF, 4HR, AC
1-< NOTCH
"'
2.40

COLO CRACKED 'AFTER HT

1.5 z z. 5 3 3.5
-0 CRACK LENGTH, a,IN

160~----~----~-----L-----J----~ FIG. 3.027121 EFFECT OF CRACK LENGTH ON

600 700 800 900 1000 1100 !>1-IARP NOTCH STRENGTH OF
TEMPERATURE- F THREE THICKNESSES OF PLATE
EACH FROM DIFFERENT HEAT.
(Z4)
FIG. 3.027113 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA-
TURE ON SHARP NOTCH PROPERTIES
OF AlR AND VACUUM MELT SHEET.
(36)

rnn.- l.,l":l
 ttKtCUU S ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1968

Z60~------~--------~~----------------, 3ZO
Fe-(0. 46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni Fe-(0. 46C)-!. OCr-!. OMo-0. 55Ni
Fe PLATE CVM 1 INDIA BAR
1650F, 1 TO Z HR, SQ 400F, 10 MIN, AC
0.46 c z o _ _.......,,....,.. + 400F, 1 TO Z HR, AC +TEMPER, AC
4 1 Z80
100 LB !NO VAC MELT
!650F, 1 HR, AC
+ 1550F, 1 HR, AC
1.0
1.0
Cr
Mo
Z40
+ TEMPER, 4 HRS

/1 - f-- f---
f-.
/t
0.55 Ni
v/
/ F.(y
.- "" ...............
DGA
DGAC zoo
0 1000F, 4HR, FTy=Z14KSl( Z4)
~ zoo / NOTCH
.......

~
!::; 1100F, 4HR, FTY=Z03KSI( Z4)
600F, ZHR+11 Z5F, 4HR, FTY+ 191 KSI(Z_Z.:..)--j...:::::l;,a!ha
180 !60
Of::; W =I IN
t =0.4IN
ew=L5IN r <. 0. 0015 IN
160 t = 0. 375 IN !ZO I I I
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
TEMPER TEMP - F
I,T. l
L..L
140
J SURFACE CRACK SPECIMEN,
FATIGUE CRACK AFTER HT
FIG. 3. OZ713Z EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATU RE ON
THE SHARP NOTCH STRENGTH OF BAR.
(16)

IZO L-----~----~----~----~~----~----~
0 o.oz 0.04 0.06 0.08 0. 10 O.IZ
a/Q

FIG. 3.0Z71ZZ EFFECT OF SURFACE CRACKS ON SHARP

NOTCH STRENGTH OF PLATE AT STRENGTH
LEVELS BETWEEN FTY = 190 AND Zl5 KSI.
(ZZ)(Z4)

.....

Z60~----~~~--------~~~-------------,
Fe-(0. 46C)- I. OCr-!. OMo-0. 55Ni
400r---~~~~~~~~~~~ 1/Z IN THICK, Z4 IN DIA DOME FORGING, CVM
Fc-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-!. OMo-0. 55Ni
BAR !600F, I HR, SQ !0 MIN
+ 400F, I HR, AC
Z4 -
+ IIOOF, I HR, AC FTY = 197 KSI

zzo

t, JN
~ 2.00
"'
:<:

0
0.1
0,2.
0

NORM 1650F T 1550F, OQ
NORM 1700F + 1575F, OQ
!80- 0.4

80

~ ! l
L

!60

0 400 800 !ZOO 1600 SURFACE CRACK SPEC, FATIGUE

CRACK AFTER HT
TEMPERING TEMP - F
!4o,L-----J------L----~------~----~----..J

FIG. 3. OZ7131 0 0. 01 0. oz 0. 03 0. 04 0. 05 o. 06
EFFECT OF TEMPERING
TEMPERATU RE ON NOTCHED a/Q
AND SMOOTH TENSILE PROPER-
TIES OF BAR.
FIG. 3. OZ7141 EFFECT OF SURFACE CRACKS ON SHARP
(4, p. 16)
NOTCH STRENGTH OF FORGING.
(Z3)

CODE 1213
 FeUH
REVISEDNARCH 196 8 FERROUS ALLOYS
I
\_)
280 300
Fe-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. SSNi Fe-(0 .. 46C)-l. OCr-1 .'OMo-0. SSNi
SHEJ'.R SPUN PREFORMS, CVM 1/Z'IN PLATE CVM
lSSOF, 1 HR, SQ 400F, 10 MIN
Fe
16SOF, 40 MIN, AC
240 ....... +1550F, 35 MIN, OQ
........... ~OF,1HR
260
+ TEMPER (2 + 2 HR)
....-- ........ ,_ -~ 0.46 c
"--- l2
/
1.0 . Cr
zoo
FTY
'~ 220
/
/

v
--
//' ~----- t- 1.0 Mo
Q55 Ni

160
NOTCH
~
180
NOTCH

ll..._ v
I 06A

~ ~'
D6AC

~ 120

.~ D.
L T

0
THICK

0, 07 IN
0. 20 IN
140

Be
FATIGUF r.nACK AFTER
-

~ ! ~~ l
80 100
~~ HT
~
Ul Lt I I
v
~
40 60
ELOX SLOT 0. 001 IN RAD NOTCH I

0
AFTER HT.

40
.. PLANE STRAIN FRACTURE
TOUGHNESS
Kic
500 600 700 800 900 400 500 600 700 800 90!1 1000
TEMPERING TEMP- F TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3.02715 EFFECT OF TEMPERING FIG, 3. 02722 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
TEMPERATURE ON SHARP SHARP NOTCH PRC.PEP.TIES AND FRACTURE
NOTCH PROPERTIES OF TOUGHNE'SS OF PLATE.
SHEAR SPUN ALLOY. (IS)
(19)

260r-------------------------------------------~
Fe-(0. 46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. SSNi
DEEP DRAWN CYLINDERS, CVM
162SF,OQ + 600F, ZHR
220
\
'\
'\
180 1---+--'~

~ 140

HOOP STRESS AT BURST

60L-----~----~----~----~-----L-----L----_J
0 0.004 o. 008 0. 012 0. 016 0. 020 0. 024 0.028
CRACK DEPTH , IN

FIG. 3. 02716 EFFECT OF SURFACE CRACKS ON BURST STRENGTH OF

tHIN WALLED CYIJNDERS,
(IS)
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED rMARCH 1968

Fe Fe-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni

FORGING
0.46 c
1.0 Cr
1.0 Mo
1----1----11---1---1~........-1 250 ~
0.55 Ni
\
D6A --Q 2000F, lHR \
+ FORGE (65 PERCENT) AC
D6AC ti650F, 2HR, OQ +SR 350F, 2HRS
+ TEMPER (2 + 2 HRS)
--01650 F, 2HRS ACTO I050F
HOLD IOOOF, I/2HR -1------ l I50
+FORGE (65 PERCENT) OQ
tSR 350F, 2HRS + TEMPER (2 t 2 HRS)
--2000F , lHR +FORGE (65 PERCENT) AC
80 tl650F, 2HRS, OQ + SR 350F, 2HRS
tl650F, lHR IN SALT
950F SALT BATH
5MIN, Q IN I 50 FOIL
60 + TEMPER (2 + 2 HRS) -4{:-:....l:l~-........-l

~
250

~ 40~--~--~~~~~-~~--1
PLATE, CVM I
Fc-(0. 46C)-l Cr-I. OMo- 0. 55Ni

I650F, IHR, SQ + 400F, IOMIN, AC

tii20F, 4HR, AC
u

--
....
~ 200 RT

~
250F

/;
/v
150
0~---L---~------~----~--
-~
200 400 600 800 1000 I200
TEMPERIN G TEMP - F

r
FIG. 3. 02723 EFFECT OF TEMPERIN G TEMPERA TURE
ON FRACTURE TOUGHNES S FOR THREE 10 0
THERMAL -MECHANI CAL PROCESSIN G
TREATME NTS OF FORGED ALLOY.
(42)
0 J

Jl 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008

STRAIN - IN PER IN
0.010 0.012

FIG. 3.03111 STRESS-ST RAIN CURVES FOR PLATE AT ROOM

TEMPERA TURE AND 250F.
(5)

36~--------------r---~

Fe(O. 46C)-I. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni

NORM I650F + I550F, OQ + 950F

20L-~---L-----~----~----~----~
0 200 400 800 I 000
TEMP- F

FIG. 3. 0331 ELEVATED TEMPERA TURE CHARPY V

NOTCH IMPACT PROPERTI ES.
(4, p. 12)
~l'f:.':
rt;vn
i,::f
REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALLOYS

320r--- --------- --------- -.

Fe- (0. 46C)-1.0Cr -1.0Mo- O.SSNi
BAR
Fe
NORM 1650F
+lSSOF, OQ
0.46 c
240 + TEMPER * Cr
1.0
i~<:,
~::~:
'4>. 1.0 Mo
Q55 Ni

,,_ D6A
80 D6AC
320
Fe-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-!. OMo-0. 55Ni * SOF
ABOVE
BAR, CVM TEST TEMP
1500 TO lSSOF, OQ
0
+ TEMPER, 2 HR
.. -....
~u I
no
80

280
..z
t.l

, l)
~
t.l
A.
40

240
-l"'! 0 ~o----~4~0~0--~8~0~0~---1~2~0~0~

'" \ ~~ zoo~
TEMP- F

.....
~(
~
\ EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERA -
. ...... ..
;..
FIG. 3. 0313
TURE ON TENSILE PROPERTI ES

~-
0 \
~ OR BAR
...... !60 (4, p. 9)
'a~ c...F TY

"-~, ~"6
~
~ '-<.
...... ...... __
'o- ...........
i
120
~
TEMPER
SOOF
_0 !OSOF}
A IISOF
DIA
1/ZIN(IZ)

I IN (4)
--- k--A
.... ~,
80

' A
40

~
I IN RA
OC:> 1/2 IN

A
__... ~: ~IV 40
Fe-(0. 46C)-J. OGr-1. OMo-0. SSNi
NORM !650F + 1550F, OQ

0
~
~

(j
--.
200

.e.
400 600
.
e

~~
ar.o 1000 1200
0
TEMP F

FIG. 3. 0312 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERA TURE ON TENSILE

PROPERTI ES OF BAR AT SEVERAL STRENGTH
LEVELS.
(12)(4)

800 900 1000 1100

TEMP F

FIG. 3. 0332 ELEVATED TEMPERA TURE

CHARPY U NOTCH IMPACT
PROPERTI ES FOR VARIOUS
STRENGTH LEVELS.
(4, p. 12-13)
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEO MARCH 1968.

Fe-(0. 46C)-I. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni

Fe 16 HEAT TREATED TO
0.46 c FTU 2.60 TO 2.70 KSI

1.0 Cr
1.0 Mo
IE CHARPY V
Q55 Ni E-o
~ Sf-----4-~---+------~----~----~
06A
320~------------------------------~
06AC Fc-(0. 46C)-l. OCr-!. OMo-0. 55Ni
1. 25 IN PLATE
4~----~----~----~----~----~
-400 -300 -ZOO -100 0 100 1650F, 1 HR, .'\C
TEMP- F + 1550F, I HR, OQ
280
t TEMPER 1015 TO 1085F, IHR, AC

FIG. 3. 0333 LOW TEMPERATURE CHARPY V

IMPACT PROPERTIES.
(4, p. 12)

MELT PRACTICE
AIR CVM
120 0 e RT
0 ZOOF
6 A -109F

~0/

160
~
FATIGUE CRACK AFTER HT

20~------------------------~
Fe-(0. 46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo- 0. 55Ni
31/4xZI/2x91N
CLOSED OlE FORGING,
55 PERCENT RED
16
-FORGE 1025 TO 1050F, 00
+300F, SR +TEMPER (2 + 2 HR)
PLANE STRAIN
12 L FRACTURE TOUGHNESS Klc
TEMPER
~ SOOF 0~----~-------L------~----~
0 900F
..'"' 8
180 190 200 210
FTY - KSI
220

FIG. 3. 03722 EFFECT OF STRENGTH LEVEL AND

TEST TEMPERATURE ON PLANE STRAIN
FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF AIR AND CVM
MELTED PLATE.
(26)
IE CHARPY V

oL-----~----~----~----~
-400 -200 0 2.00 400
TEMP- F

FIG. 3. 0334 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERA-

TURE ON IMPACT STRENGTH
OF A VARIABLE CROSS-
SECTION AUSFORMED FORGING.
11 n\
REVIS ED MARC H 196'3 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS

20
Fc-(0. 46C) I. OCr-!. OMo-0 . 55Ni
HEAT TltEAT ED TO FTU ZOO TO 220 KSI
ISO Fe

~
0.46 c
~
100 .. 900F 1.0 Cr
1.0 Mo
80 't ~ 0.55 Ni
IOOOF
'. 'e 06A
60
10 100 1000 10,000 06AC
TIME HR

FIG. 3. 041 CREEP RUPTU RE CURVE S AT 900

AND JOOOF. (4, p. 15)

400
Ft-(0. 4&C)-I . OC-1. OMo-0 . 55Ni
I U IN DJA BAR, CV!\.,1
1500F, 1srvm; , oo 50 0F, ZHR

360 '-.
-
~ ~SEE
NOTCH ED (FOR SPECI MEN
TABLF ; 3.052)

320

~- ----.. ......
280 -e
0
TEMP ER
6 45\JF
A 500F
--
240
o__t ---
h-
SMOOT H

200
0. I
------- ~

10
.. 100
.._
1000 10,000
TIME HR

FIG. 3. 042 CREE P RUPTU RE STREN GTH OF SMOOT

H AND NOTCH ED BAR AT
ELEVA TED TEMPE RATUR ES.

(12)
1 v""ll

FERROUS AU..OYS REVISE D MARCH 1968

100
Fc-(0. 46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni
Fe 3/8 TO 1/Z IN PLATE, CVM
0.46 c u
1550F, 1HR, SQ 400F, 10 MIN
t 600F (2 t 2 HR)
::.:'"'
1.0 Cr 0 90
!-<
1.0 Mo ::.: NOTCH ROUND
FTY = 247 KSI
c A SURF ACE
0.55 til CRACK
Ni ::l TANK SURFAC E CRACK L
11. 80
11.
D6A <
D6AC 0
::
<
0: 70

INITIAL a/Q RANGE

60 0. 044 TO 0. 090 INITIAL a/Q
t = 1/4 1N RANGE 0,048 TO O.ORl
t = 1/4 IN
10 100 1000 ]0,000 100,000
CYCLES TO FAILURE

FIG. 3. 053 LOW CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIO R OF CRACKE D PLATE

SPECIME NS
AND TANKS.
(18)

Fc-(0,46 C)-1. OCr-!. OMo-0. 55Ni

280
---- HR PLATE
!650F, IHR Q IN SALT 970F, IHR, OQ
ti030F (2 + 2 HRS) t SR 925F, 2HRS

240 220-240 KSI UTS

\\
LONG TRANSV ERSE
GRAIN DIRECTI ON

200
-.;;:
...
~ ~"----

"'0:"'
til
160 \ 1-- .A .It
F-
!-<
"'
NOTCH E;I
ROUND
SPECIME NS
~-
:.<:
< 120 K 1 = 3.0
:::E
.3~2460 '~-
80 l.-. NOTCHE
. 013R
D FLAT ""

$S O : ~
- - ....
SPECIME NS K 1 = 2.9

40
ASMOOT H ROUND
1. oro 1
3. 75
r-- - .t-' .....

SPECIME NS ~ I
200DIA AXIALLY LOADED

rrr
K{ I. 0

ro'l reP
I
FIG. 3.054 S-N CURVES FOR 220-240 KSI H.R. PLATE.
(44)

,.nne- 11"\1'-7
 reuH
REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALLOYS

ZBO
Fe-(0. 46C)-1. OCr-1. OMo-0. 55Ni Fe
FORGED BAR
c
2.40 -
\
l&SOF, IHR, Q IN SALT 970F, IHR OQ
t600F (2. + 2. HR) + FINISH MACHII'iE
tSR SZSF, 2HR
0.46'
1.0 Cr

zoo
\
- ... 260-l80 KSI UTS
LONG TRANSVERSE -
1.0
0.55 Ni
Mo

~ !60
1\ \

A 06A
'""' ....._ D6AC
~\
I

"'"'Ul.:: 1--. ~
f-<
"' 12.0
X
< NOTCHED FLAT "
"\.
::: SPECI.MENS

-- .I
80 1-
I. 800 09l '-.. ,_

~1.2.00 ' .......

r-- ~_.J e
K t = 3. 0 - ..
~~
40 ~SMOOTH ROUND SPECIMENS
AXIALLY LOADED
~.ZOODIA
R = + 0. I
K1 = 1.0
3.2.5R I I I l
10 ~
-
\0''
CYCLE'.'
FIG. 3. 055 5-N CURVES FOR 260-280 KSI FORGF:D RAR.
(<14)

2.60~--------------------------------~

Fe-(0.46C)-I. OCr- I. OMo-0. 55Ni

3l
IFc-(O . .JbC)-l.OCr-l.Ol\Jo-~.55Ni

3/8 IN PLATE CVM

2.40 1650F, ZH!i. !600F, 30MIN, SQ 400F,!OMIN 21
1400F, Z~!R + 600F, 2HR ::;;

1\
::0:: E
tll2.5F, 4HR, AC

I
0
0
;:
Jb

\
200 400 600 800 1000 12.00
TEMP- F

FIG. 3. 0621 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT ROOM AND

ELEVATED TE:<JPERATURES.
(4, p. l)
40
Fc-(0. 46C)-I. OGr-1. OMo-0, 55Ni
0
A PIUMARY WELD, Fry + 194 KSI 1/2. PLATE- TIG WELD
HT +REPAIR+ llOOF, IHR, FTy=IBOKSI 1650F, 11-IR + 375F, SQ t
0 REPAIR+ HT +REPAIR+ 1100~. 30 I 050F, (2 t 2. HR)
Fry= I82. KSI
0 PARENT l\IETAL
0 llAZ
WELD TIG WELD
2.0
/WELD REPAIR, TIG
IZO ~~v'
1:
rSURFACE CRACK AT
PIUMARY WFL.D Oit
:~. 1 WELD REPAIR CENTER 10

100~----~----~------L-----~-----~
o. 04 0.06 0. 08 0.10 O.IZ 0.14
a/Q 0
-400 -300 -2.00 -IOO 0 100
FIG, 4.0313 EFFECT OF SURFACE CRACK SIZE QII:
TEST TEMPERATURE- F'
SHARP NOTCH STRENGTH OF PRIMARY
WELDS AND WELD REPAIRS MADE FIG. 4. 0314 EFFECT OF WELDING ON LOW TEMPERATURE
AFTER HEAT TRP.ATMENT. CHARPY V IMPACT PROPERTIES.
(22) (39)
 FERROUS ALLOYS
REFERENCES
1. Henning, H. J. andBoulgcr, F.W., "High Strength
Fe Steel Forgings", DMIC Report 143 (January 5, 1961)
0.46 c 2. Kaiser Fleetwlngs. lnc . "Final Report on the Effect
of Stress Relief vs a Normalize and Temper Treatment
on the Final Mechanical Properties of AMS 6434, Ladish
1.0 Cr D6A, X2 (ModUied 4137)" (November 1960)
3. Kennedy, E.M.; Jr., "The Status of Research and
1.0 Mo Development for High Strength Aircraft Steels". WADC
TN 59-326 (July 1Pr,o)
Q55 Ni 4. Ladlsh Co., "Ladlsh D6A, High Strength Steel".
(October 4, 1957) ( 1963)
D6A 5. Private Communication, G.R. Sipple, Allison Division.
D6AC General Motors with W.F. Brown Jr., (1965)
6. Brown, W. F., Jr. Personal Communication, NASA
Unpublished Data, (1960)
7. Check, S. V., "Progress Report on Slow Cracl< Extension
and Low Cycle Fatigue of Ladlsh D6AC at ~~o.ooo ;>Si
Yield Strength Level", U.s. Naval Weapons Pi:Ult,
Technical Memo 169, (September 1961)
8. llanink, D. K., Personal Communlcallon, General
Motors Allison Division , (November 1961)
9. David, C.K., Personul Communicutlon, l.adish Co.,
(January 15, 196~)
10. Martin, C.F., Williams, A,J. andGcrberlch. W.W ..
"Effects of Deformntlon of the i\lctastnblc .\ustcnitic
Condition on the Propcrlles of lligh Strength Steel
Forgings", ,\cronutronlc Division. Phllco Corp.
ASK-TOR 63-b36. ,\SD Contract \F:I:l(G::;7)-S:;:;9.
(September 1963)
11. Yount, R. E., "Determination of Eng:inccrin~ Ptopcrth.s
of Marstralncd Steels". Geneml Electric. Evandale.
Ohio, ASD-TDH-62-2:10 .. \SD Contract ,\F :l:l(C.1G)-ill.;;,_
(August 1962)
12. Davis, S.O .. ''Elcvntctl Tcmpcratui'C Futi~uc Propl'rtics
of DGAC lllgh Strength Steel" .. \SD-TDIHl3-Gl5.
(October 1963)
13. Carmen. C.i\1. and Mulherin. J.ll .. ":.awCycl~ Fali~U<'
Characteristics of Ultra lllgh Strength Steels".
Frankford ,\rsenal Heporl R-1707. (F'cbrun1y l!JG I)
14. Pratt, W. W., "Material Evaluation of DG.\C Steel
Extrusion Mechanical and ~lctallurglcal Properties",
General Dyno.rnics, Fort Worth. Test Data ;\Jcmo F1'D;\I
3234 ASD Contract AF 33(657)-1121-1. (.\prll 15. 1901)
15. Bhat, G. K., "A Study of the Behavior of Small Pressure
Vessels Under Bi:uctal Stress Conditions and in Prc~cncC"
of Surface Cracks", Mellon InsLitutc NRL Contract
NOnr-3764tOOHXl. tJune 25. 196:11
16. Carmen, C.M., Armicnto. D. F. and 1\larl~us. II.,
"Plane Strain Fracture Toughness l\1eEtsurcments of
High Strength Steels", ASME J. of Basic Ent;lncerlng.
(March 1963)
17. Terry, E. L. and McClaren. S. W., "Bia.~lal Stress and
Strain Data on lllgh Strength Alloys for Design of
Pressurized Components", Chance-Vought Corp., .\SD-
TDR~2-401, ASD Contract AF 33(616)-7720,
(July 1962)
lB. Tiffany, C. F. and Lorenz, P.M. , "An Investigation of
Low Cycle Fatigue Failures Using Applied Fracture
Mechanics", The Boeing Complllly, Aero-space Division,
ML-TDR 64-53, ASD Contract 33(657)-10251, (May 1964)
19. Check, S. V., "Toughness, Slow Crack Extension and
Low Cycle Fatigue of Lad ish D6AC at 24, 000 psi,
Y .s. Level", U.S. Naval Weapons Plant, Technical
Memo No. 169, NRL-Project 62ROS-19A,
tScptembcr 26, 1961)
20. Urban, R.J., "Plane Strain Fracture Toughness of
Large D6AC Steel Specimens llcat Treated to 220-240
and 260-~.80 ksl Strength Level", General Dynamics,
Fort Worth, Test Data Memo FTDM-3178, ASD Contract
AF33(657)-11214, (April 15, 1964)
21. Urban, R.J., "Plane Strain Fracture Toughness of
Large D6AC Steel Specimens", Gencr~l Dynamics,
Fort Worth, Report FGJ 3064, ASD Contract
AF33(651)-B260-1. (November 1, 1963).
22. Mehra, Y., "Mechanical and Fracture Toughness
P.ropertles of D6AC Post Heat Treat Weld Repair",
Curtiss Wright Corp. , Wright Aero Division,
(October 23, 1964)
REVISED MARCH 1968
23. Botner. D.C., "Effect of Section Thickness and Partial
Thickness Cr:>ek Size on Gross Strength of D6AC Steel
at Ultimate Strength Level of 215 KSI", Allison
Materials Research Laboratory, Report 62M23,
(September 21, 1962)
24. Green, R.B., "Evaluation of D6AC and 18N1-co-Mo-
H!gh Strength Steel Plate for Heavy Wall Large
Diameter Rocket Motor Case Applications", Alllson
Materials Research :t..;,boratories, Report No 62M34,
(June 7, 1963)
25. Wessel, E. T., Hovan, R.P. and Pryle, W.H.,
"Preliminary Evaluation of the Fracture Characteristics
of DGAC Rocket Motor Cases", Westinghouse Research
Laboratories, 1\escarch Report 63-848-307-R1,
(Au~ust 27, 1963)
26. Haese, W. P. and Masters, J. N., "An Evaluation of
Large Diameter Solid Propellant Motor Case .!o~atcrlals"
The Boeing Company., Report No 02-22314M,
(May 22, 1963)
27. Crucible Steel Company. "Data Sheet for Crucible 06",
h;sue No 2, (1965)
28. A~IS 6~31. (June 30. 1964)
29. AMS 6438 (June 30, 1964)
ao. E:\cclo Developments. Inc .. "lnvcsLigation and
Evaluation of High Strength Steels In Heavy Gauges for
l.arge Dlamctet Solid Propellant Rocket Engine Cases",
~lcl!on Instllutc, AI' Contract No. AF04(611)-8517
(.January 1963)
31. "Evaluation of !..ow Carbon Ladlsh DGAC Steel" Aerojct
General Cor1>arntion, llcporl No. 278, Contract No.
AF33(G57)-ti890 (September 1962)
Vazquez, A. J., "Developing a Process for Ausforglng
La1-gc. lligh Strength Steel Aircraft Structural
Components with lmJll'OVed Design and Weight
Reduction", llepott IV, IH-8-3!;4, Ladlsh Company
(.July 19GG)
a:J. Jacobs, l'r:mk, "Mechanical Properties of Materials
l'uiJricalcd by Sltcur !'arming", T.D.H. ASD-TDH~2-
ti:JO Contruct .\F3:1(G16)7871, Tcmco Electronics and
Missiles Company, (February 1963)
:11. Weiss. V.. Nash, G., Schroder, K., "Crack Initiation
In Metallic Materials", Syracuse University Research
Institute, Contract NOw-64 -0265-d (March 1965)
Smith, II. H., "Evaluation of L.~dish DGAC Steel''
,\crojct General Corporation, Contract AF23(657)-8890,
(January 1963)
;JG, Davis h. H.C., C ro\vnovcr. \V .S., uA Comparison o(
the Toughness Characteristics or D6 Air and Vacuum
~lelt ~latcrial", Army Missile Command, DA Project
LD 2~2901.\205 AMC RA RK Til 64 11, (March 1964)
Amatenu, 1\1. F .. Stclg:crwald, E.A., "Fracture
Charactc>'istlcs of Structural Metals", Contract NOw-
6<1-018tlC, (January 1965)
38. Alborn, .1. J., ''Brazing of Ultra High Strength Steel"
Acrojet General Corporation, Contract No AF 33(657)-
8890, (January 1963)
39. Faulker, J.M., IIanna, G.L. Peck, .J.V.,
"Development of Welding Procedures and Flilcr
Materials for Joining illgh Strength Low Alloy Steels"
TRW Inc., Contract AF33(657)-11229, (September 1965)
40. Robinson, n.n., Uzdarwln, R.J., "lnvestlgationo
Stress Corrosion Cracking of lligh Strength Alloys",
Aero jet General Corporation, Contract DA-04-495-
01\D-3069, 1\cport 2092, (August 1961)
11. llartbower, C.E., Gerbcrlch, W. W., Crimmins, P.P.
''Char.tcter!zat101i of Fatigue Crack Growth by Stress-
Wave Emission", Contract NAS- 1-4902, Acrojot
General Corporation, Sacramento, California,
(June 1966)
42. Ault, R.T., McDowell, K.O., Hendricks, P.L.,
"lncreascd Reliability of a High Strength Steel Through
Thermal Mechanical Treatments", AFML-TR~6-276,
(September 1966)
43. l!artbowcr, C. E., OrncrG.M."Metnllurgical Variables
Affecting Fracture Toughness In High Strength Sheet
Alloys" ASD - TDR - 62 - 868, (June 1963)
44. Heltzmann, R.J. "Effect of Decarburlzation e.nd Surface
Defects on the Notched Fatigue Strength or Stsel"
ADR 02-09~7 .1 Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corp,
Advanced Development Program, (April 1967)
 FeUH
REVIS ED MARC H 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
\ __)
I. GENERAL except for the data given below.
Hy-Tuf Is a low alloy ultra high strength steel. It Is one
of the first develope d to exceed a strength of 200 ksl. 2.01 Thermal Propertie s Fe
The alloy Is used In the range of 220 to 240 ksl ultimate
tensile strength. In this range It combines relatively
2.012 Phase changes. Transfor mation from austenite to ferrite.
Critical temperat ures. Ac1 =1300 F, Ac3 =1550 F.
0.25 c
high Impact strength and low notch sensitivit y with good
ductility.
2. 0121 Time-tem perature- transform ation curve for alloy, 1.8 Ni
Fig. 2.0121.
1. 01
1.5 Si
Commer cial Designati on, HY-Tuf. 2.02 Other Physical Propertie s
2.021 Density. 0.28llb per cu In, 7. 77 gr per cu em. 1.3 Mrf
1.02 Alternste Designat ions, Crucible HY Tuf.
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
0.4 Mo
1.03 Speclflca tlons. Table I. 03.
3.01 Specified Mechanical Propertie s
HY-TUF
I TABLE i.03 3.011 AMS specified mechanic al propertie s, Table 3. 011.
Form Mlllrary TABLB 3.011
Source . AMS (I
MJLS-7108 Allov Fe(O. 2sd\- 8N1 SS!~ 3Mn-o. .Q.!o
Form Bar Fon1nn
I. 04 Composi tion. Table I. 04.
156S to 1585 F, OQ Cold
Source
TABLB 1.04
AMS (I
Condition
Hardness
+ 525 to 5SO F - Fln1ahed

Min
Percent
Max
RC, min
BHN, max
-
45
-
241
-
us
Carbon
Manganese
Silicon
0.23
1.20
0.28
1.50
m, Izod,mln -tt lb 20
- -
1.30

--
I. 70
Phosphor us 0.040 3, 012 De!lliled specified propertie s are not available . This
Sulfur 0.040 alloy Is used at present almost exclusive ly for parts
Chromium 0.20 O .fO designed to Ftu = 230 ksl minimum .
Nkkel I. 65 2.00
Molybdenum 0.35 0.45 3,02 Mechanic al Propertle& at Room Tempera ture
Iron Balance 3. 021 Typical mechanic al propertie s, Table 3. 021

TABLE 3 021
1.05 Heat Treatmen t Source Ill
1.051 Normaliz e, 1690 to 1710 F, air cool. Alloy Fe-(0 2SC -18N!-I ~"I . 3Mn-o .Q.!o
1.052 Subcritlc al anneal for shearing and sawing. 1200 F, IS to Form lin-......
20 hr. Resulting hardness should be about 260 BHN. Condition 160n F _ nn ... r...., ....._..
l.OS3 Isotherm al aMeal for best machinab ility. 1360 to 1380 F, Temper Temp - F 400 500 550 600
cool at 50 F per hr maximum to 1100 F, then air cool + Ftu, typ - ks! 239 235 234 230
1175 to 122S F, IS to 20 hr. Resulting hardness should be
about 230 BHN. Alternstl vely anneail3 60 to 1380 F, place F(2' typ - ks!
e In), typ - percent
183 191 193 194
In furnace and hold at 1175 to 1225 F, 24 hr. 14..3 13.. 9 13..1 14..0
llA,tyl' -percen t 46.6 49.7 49.7
1.054 Heat treat for regular machinin g. Normaliz e or 51.7
Hardness , R.C, typ 48 47 46.5
austenltl ze + 1200 F (USO maximum ), 15 to lO hr. 46
m, lzod, eyp-tt lb
Resulting hardness should be 229 to 248 BHN. .fa F 29 27 25 26
I.OSS Austenltl ze. IS75 to 162S F, oil quench, AMS gives RT 33 33 31 29
IS6S to 158S F.
1.056 Temper. 400 to 600 F, preferabl y 5SO F. Temperin g
outside of this range Is not recomme nded, Effect of
temperin g temperat ure on tensile propertie s of bar, 3.022 Stress strain curves In tension for heat treated tubing,
Fig. I. 056. Fig. 3. 022.
3.023 Effect of wall thickness on modulus of rupture In bending
1.06 Hardenab ll!ty for heat treated tubing, Fig, 3, 023,
I. 061 End qut>nch hardenab illty, Fig. 1. 061. 3.024 Typical torsion strength of heat treated bar, F st = 193. 5
1.062 Effect of as quenched section size on tensile propertie s of ksl.
heat treated bar, Fig. I. 062. :1. 02S Effects of specimen size, test direction and stress
concentra tion factor on notch strength ratio for bar,
1.07 Forms and Condition s Available Fig. 3.02S.
I. 071 Alloy Is available In the full commerc ial range of sizes
for sheet, plate, bar and forgings. 3. 03 Mechanic al Propertie s at Various Tenlpera tures
1.072 Alloy Is available In the annealed or hot rolled condition s. 3. 031 Short time tension propertie s
3. 0311 Stress strain curves for plate at room and elevated
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice. Electric furnace air melt. temperat ures, Fig. 3. 0311.
Induction and consuma ble electrode vacuum melts. 3. 0312 Effect of test temperat ure on tensile and yield strength ol
plate, Fig. 3, 0312.
1.09 Special Consider ations
3.032 Short time propertie s other than tension
I. 091 Temperin g on either side of the SOO to 600 F range Is
3. 0321 Stress strain curves In compres sion for p.late at room and
not recommended.
1.092 Center soundnes s Is not guarante ed In sizes over l!iO sq elevated temperat ures, Fig. 3, 0321,
3. 0322 Effect of test temperat ure on compres sive yield strength
In cross sectional area for rolled bar or In sizes over
196 sq In for forged products , of plate, Fig. 3, 0322,
3, 0323 Effect of test temperat ure on Impact strength of bar,
2, Fig. 3, 0323.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. Nearly the
3,033 Static stress concentra tion effects. Effect of low teat
same as those of other low alloy steels (sec 4340),
temperat ure on notch strength of bar, Table 3, 033,
reun
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

TABLB 3 033 Pe(0.2SC)J. SNI-! .. SSI-1. 3Mn-O. 4Mci

Fe ource 2
240 1---1..~0~+----+ BAR
0.25 c !Form
treat Temp -P RT
1121n Rar
-40
1575 P, TO
1600P, OQ
1.8 Ni !Ptu, smooth -ksi 210 220 230 210 !!.111
-kst
230 +TBMPBRJ.
Notch strength 285 296 305 280 296 310
1.5 Si K=9.5
1.3 Mn
jNotch strength ratio 1.36 l.:U 1.32 - - -
0.4 Mo
3. 04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties

3.05 Fatigue Properties. Fatigue strength of smooth and

HY-TUF notched bar, Table 3. OS.

TABLB 3 OS
Source 2
Jlorm lltt.r
Condl.tiDn Ptu = 230 kBi
Temp lof8thod Si:reuStreaa Fatigue StreDgth
p Ratio Concen kBi at ~cles
A R. !ration 1o' lOS 06 101
R.T Rot Bean 00 -1 Smooth 190 132 03 88
Notched 140 55 50 -46
-320 K= 2.5 90 75 60 47

3.06 Blastic Properties

3.061 Modulus of elasticity at room and elevated temperatures,
Pig. 3. 061.
3.062 Tangent modulus curves In compression at room and
elevated temperatures, Pig. 3. 062.
3.063 Secant modulus curves In compression at room and
elevated temperatures, Fig. 3. 063. 0
400 600 800 1000
TBMPBRING TBMP - P
4. FABRICATION. See 4330 Mod. also.
PIG. 1. 056 BPPBCT OF TBMPBRING TBMPBRATIJR.B
4.01 Forming and Casting ON TBNSILB PROPBRTIBS OP BAR
4.011 Forging. Starting temperature between 2100 and 2175 P, (2X3l
finishing temperature 1650 F minimum. When closed
die forgings are made, temperature should be
maintained on the high side.

4. 02 Machining. Machinability Is comparable to other alloy

steels of similar miscrostructure and hardness.
Annealed conditions are preferred, see 1. OS. Machining
of heat treated material having a hardness of 48 to 50 RC
Is possible with heavy and rigid tool supports.

I. 03 Welding. Alloy Is easily welded by conventional methods

using low hydrogen electrodes of similar composition.
Joint efficiencies are 92 to 95 percent.

4. 04 Heating and Heat Treating. See 4330 Mod.

4.05 Surface Treating

4.051 Carburlzing. At 1600 F, 8 br, produces carburizlng to
a depti1 of 0. 015 ln. Carburlzing Is followed by oil
quench and tempering at 400 to 600 F. Fe-(0. 25C)-1. 8Ni-l. 551-1. 3Mn-O. 4Mo
1700 F
+AUSTBNITlZB 1575 F

......,
.....
RA~B AMS
SPRBAD OF 75 HBATS -.....,
6418

8 16 24 32
DISTANCE FROM QUBNCHBD BND-
SIXTBBNTHS INCH
FIG. 1.061 BND QUBNCH HARDBNABILITY
(2)

CODE 12141
t::::'
J.''

FeUH
REVJSED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
~:
,

.:;. Pe-(0. 25C)-l. 8Nl-l. SSi-1. 3Mn-O .fMo

BAR Fe
240
1600 . OQ+SSOP , 2HR
0.25 c
..... 200

r0
--< 1.8 Ni
Fro
1.5 Si
200 160
1.3 Mn
e"& 'YSURFACB \~
O'ilOCpR B
0.4 Mo
r.;:l60
i01200

HBAT
T ~
FTY
-- V(~ - 120
!.'.1
HY-TUF
160 80
eONOl '(~
.. N02
'Y'ilNO 3
120 ON04
60

-
p
RA
-~~<(~ ~

TENSION
0 o. 002 0. 004 o. 006 o. 008 o. 010
STRAIN - lN PBR 1N

0
0
-- 1 2
e

3
l-r7'";rj h

4
FIG. 3. 022 STRBSS STRAIN CURVBS 1N TENSION FOR HBAT
TREATED TUBlNG (7, p. 27 -3.2)

DIAMBTBR OF QUBNCHBD BAR-lN

FIG. 1.062 BFFBCT OF AS QUBNCHBD SECTION SIZB
ON TBNSll.B PROPBRTlBS OF HBAT TREATED
BAR (4)

11100
Pe-(0. 25C)-l. 8Ni-1.5Si-1 .3Mn-O. 4Mo

-
AUSTEN 1600 F
.fc1 a 1300 F 1---- PEARLITE PRIOR COND, ANN

~ ~ l ..--

...
i
1200
FERRITB
SfAR~ v BAINITE
START
<. ~

END
13 RC

13 RC
PEARLITE
36 RC
1-o
800
M
8 / ~
,..- ,- ~------
VIRTUAL END OF TRANSFORMATION
32 RC
39 RC

0
0.001 0.01 0.1 10 100
TIME- HR

FI'J. 2.0121 TIMB-TEMPBRATURE~TRANSFORMAT10N CURVB FOR

ALLOY (4, p.4)
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED' MARCH 1963

350
200~~--------------~-----r----~--~-,
Fe Fe-(0. 25C)l. 8Ni-1.'5SII.3MnO . 4Mo Fe -(0. 25C)l. BNI-1. SSI-1. 3Mn-0. 4Mo
0.25 c I 2 1/8 IN 0 D 1l1111NG I 0. 250 IN PLATB
1600P, 2SMIN, 0Q
ADJUSTED TO Fru = 220 KSI
1.8 Ni 6 2

1.5 Si 300
1.3 Mn 120
0.4 Mo
~
HY-TUF 250

BAR
200~~--~~----~~----~~----~~~ ON
0 2 10 20 30 40
RATIO OP DIAMBTBR TO WAW.. TifiCICNRSS-D/t 0.002 0. 004 0. 006 o. 008 0.010 0. 012
Fig. J. 02J EFFECT OF WALL TIIICKNESS ON MODULUS OF STRAIN - IN PBR IN
RUPTURE IN BENDING FOR HEAT TREATED TUBING FIG. 3. 0311 STRESS STRAIN CURVES FOR PLATB AT ROOM AND
ELEVATEU TEMPERATURES (5)
(7, p. 27-32)

Fe-(0. 25C)-I. 8NIl. 5Sl-l. JMn-0. 4Mo

-+--lf--1 --- 3 IN BAR ---+--1
1575 F, HR, 0Q
+TEMPER, IHR
Pru;2~To_: o ~!..

240
Pe-(0. 25C)-l. 8Nl-l. 5Si-1. 3Mn-O. 4Mo

200
-
p;u--.
0.250 IN PLATE
1600 P 25 MIN, OQ
....... +606 P, 1/2 HR

--- ~
"\ \
160

~
120 ~ \
~\~
eL
D = 0.300 T D=0.500 T .A.T
0.6Ll---~3~~5--~1~0~1~---~--~--l~O~ 80

STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR K 0 200 400 600 800 1000

PIG. 3. 025 EFFECTS OP SPECIMEN SIZE, TEST DIRECTION TEMP- P
AND STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR ON NOTCH FIG. 3. U312 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TEN-
STRENGTH RATIO FOR BAR SILE AND YIELD STRENGTII OP PLATH
(6, p. 210)
(5)

CODE 12141
 FeUH
REVIS ED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

2~~------------~--~~-.-----.-----,
Fe(O. 25C)l.8Nil. 5Sil,3MnO. 4Mo :Xa(O. 25C)l. 8Ni-l. 5Si-l. 3MnO. 4Mo Fe
I 0.250 IN PLA'l'B j
1600 F, 25 MIN, 0Q +600 F, 1/2 HR
40 46.5 TO 47 0.25 c
200 Fru~=~2~20~KS~I+------h~~-t~~-4
1.8 Ni
1.5 Si
1.3 Mn
~
0.4 Mo
t2o~----+-~~~-----+----~

HY-TUF

0
-400 -200 0 200
TEMP.::: P
PIG. 3.0323 BFPBCT OF TEST TEMPERATURE
ON IMPACT STRENGTH OP BAR
(6, p. 211)(8, p. 6)
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.012
STRAJN - IN PER IN
FIG. 3.0321 STRESS STRAIN CURVES IN COMPRESSION FOR PLA'l'B
AT ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (5)

34
Fe-(0. 25C)I. SNH. SSIl. 3MnlO, 4Mo
Fe-(0. 2SC)I. ~Ni-l, 5511. 3Mn-O. 4Mo 0.250 IN PLATF.
1600 F, 25 MIN, OQ + 600 F, l/2 HR
2-~
200
r---......
0. 250 IN PLATE _

..._
--
~ 30 FTU 220 KSI
1~00 F, 25 MIN. 0Q + 1100 F.
-..;
'./21iR
;I' ....... Ec
-~
160
--

'"', .......
Fru =22( KSI
h---.. ~-- ........

~
- 26
FTY
FCY
1.2 ~ "
~ ~
'\
STATIC
J
~ 120 22
"
80
eL
.f.T
I~'i 18
eoL
.f.~T
\
\

0 200 400 DOO oo 1000 0 200 400 600 BOO 1000

TEMP- F
TEMP F
FIG. 3, 0322 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON
FIG. 3, 061 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT ROOM AND
COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH OF P:.ATE
(5) ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (5)
 \!
FER ROU S ALLOYS REVIS ED MARCH 1963 -~

0.25
Fe
c
2~r-~~~~~~~~~----,
Fc-(0. 25C)-l. 8Nl-l.S SI-l. JMn-0. 4 Mo
I 0. 25lN PLATB
1600 F, 25 MIN, OQ+ 600 P,
,;

~"
.i
l1
200 ~i
1.8 Ni 1/2 HR :~
=
Fro 220 KSl
~,.
1.5 Si
1.3 Mn t
;.~
.,1
0.4 Mo <~

i:i
.-~
fj 120
HY-TUF ~,
.
'1,

80 -~
j

-~-~
:~

.r
:-,;
jr.
0 .. ~

0 24 32 :{.
':,
lOOO KS! ~1
FIG. 3.062 TANGE NT MODULUS CURVE S IN
.,
:)
COMPI\BSSION AT ROOM AND BLB- -~~

VATBO TBMPB RATUR BS (5)

,)

.';
1
~
...
~
"
Fe-(0. 2SC l-1. SNI-1. :;sH. 3Mn-O. 4Mo
I 0.25 IN PLATB
1600 P, 25 MIN, OQ + 600 F, 1/2 HR
2 FTu-=~2=2T~---;

160
REFERE NCES
~ I AMS 6418 B, (Nov. J, 1954)
120 2 Crucibl e Steel Compan y or Americ a, "Hy-Tu f Alloy
Steel",
Data Sheet, (Nov. 1957)
3 Muvdf, B. B., Sachs, C. aod Klier, E. P., ''Design
Prop
erties or High Strength In the Presenc e or Stress
Concen -
80 trations ", WAOC TR 56395, Pt. I, (Dec. 1956)
4 Sachs, G., "Survey or Low-Alloy AircraCt Steels
Heat
Treated to High-St rength Levels" , WAOC TR 53254,
(Dec. 1953) Pt. 4,
5
.co Hughes, P. ]. , loge, ]. E. aod Prosser , S. B.,
"Tensil e
aod Compre ssive Stress-S train Propert ies oC Some
High-
Strength Sheet Alloys at Elevated Temper atures"
, NACA
TN 3315, (Nov. 1954)
6 Muvdf, B. D., Klier, E. P. aod Sachs, C., "Design
0 Prop-
0 erties or High-St rength Steels In the Presenc e or
24 32 Stress
Co~centratfo>s and Hydro4cn Embritt lcmcnt"
JOOO KSI , WAOC TR
55-103, Supp. 1, Uan. 1'.156)
PIG. 3.063 7 The Clevcia od Pneuma tic Tool Co., "Stress -Strain
SBCAN T MODULUS CURVE S lN COM- Curves
PRESSION AT ROOM AND Bl.BVA TBO Cor High-St rength Alloy Steel", Rep, No. 732,
(Feb. 25,
TBMPB RATUR BS 1955)
(5) 8 Crucibl e Steel Compan y or Americ a, "Data Sheet",
No. 2, (Nov. 1957) Rev,

CODE -1214
 FeUH
REVISE DMARC H 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

GENERAL 2.022 Electrical resistivity. 10. 6 to 11. 4 microhm-in , (1).

1.
The compositio n of this steel is optimized for case harden- 2.023 Magnetic propertjes. Steel is ferromagne tic. Fe
ing by the nitrlding process. This process produces a case
of extreme hardness without apprecisble changing the core 2.03 Chemical ProJ1!:rtles
0.4 c
tensUe or yield strength. The alloy is readUy machinable . 2.031 The presence of the outer skin or white layer of the ni- 1.6 Cr
After pans are nitrided tbey may be used where high re- trided alloy increases its corrosion resistance compared
sistance to abrasion and mUd corrosion resistance are re- with conventiona lly heat trentcd low alloy steels, How- 1.1 AI
quired, (1) (2, p. 6) (3) (4, p.12). ever, the case is corroded by mineral acids, (1) (2, p.
37, 38), 0.6 Mn
1. 01 Commercis l Designation . Nitralioy 135 modified. 0.35 Mo
3, MECHANICAL PROPBRTIBS
1. 02 Alternate Designation s. Nitralioy Type G modified,
AMS 6470 Nltrlding Steel. 3.01 ~ified Mechanical ProJ1!:rtles
Nitralloy
3.011 Typical producer's specified properties, Table 3. 011.
1.03 Specificatio ns. Table 1.03.
135 mod.
TABLE 3 011
Source Nltrai!oy C~rp. (2, p.14f 1 AMS(4)
TABLE 1 03 Fe-(0. 4C -J.6Cr-l.1A l-o.6Mn-0. 3SMo
Allov
Form MUitary ASTM Bar Bar
.AM:;
6470 E Bar, forging,
forging stock
MlL-S-670 9
Comp. A
- Form
1725 F, OQ< 3in HR CR
Condition WQ>3inte mperl200 F(min)5hr
- Bars - A 3SS-S7T, Size-dis < 1 1/2 11/2to3 3 to S - -
(Class A)
Ftu min- ksi 13S
100
12S
90
110
8S
-
-
-
-
Fty, min- ksi
c(21n) mIn - percent 16 IS 1S - -
1,04 Compositio n. Table 1.04,
RA, min - percent so 40 40 - -
Hardness
TABLE 1 04 BHN -min 280 269 240 - -
I :Source AMS 4 ASTMir.la RRAf S -max 340 321 300 229 248
Percent Percent
Max Specimen taken at 1/2 radius
Min Max Min
Aluminum 0.9S 1.30 0.8S 1.20
0.38 0.45 3,02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperatu re
Carbon 0.38 0.43
1.35 1.8S 3,021 Tension properties
Chromium 1.40 1.80
3,0211 Effect of tempering temperatur e on room temperatur e
Manganese o.so 0. 70 0.40 0. 70
tensUe properties of bar, Fig, 3,0211.
Molybdenum 0.30 0.40 0.30 0.4S
0.20 0.40 3,0212 Effect of tempering temperatur e on room temperatur e
0.20 0.40
Silicon tensile properties of as tempered and nitrldcd alloy, Fig.
Phosphorus
Sulfur
-- 0.040
0.040
-
-
0.040
0.040 3,0212.
. Balance 3, 0213 Effect of tempering temperatur e on room temperatur e
Balance
lron Impact properties of as tempered and nltrlded alloy, Fig.
3,0213.

1.0S Heat Treatment 3,03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatu res

1.0S1 Anneal, 1450 F, 6 hr, furnace cool, (3),
1.0S2 Normalize. Slowly heat to 1790 to 1810 F, alr cool, (3) 3,04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
(4). 3,041 Nitridcd Nitralloyte sted at 1000 Fat 10 ksl stress creeps
1.0S3 Austenitize , 1700 to 1750 F, (3). 0, 2 percent In 4000 hr with no further extension during an
1.054 Quench. Less tban 2 in dismcter or thickness, oU additional 5000 hr, (2, p. 37).
quench, Larger tban 2 in dismcter or thickness, water
quench, (3), 3,0S Fatigue 2l:OJ1!:rtles
1,0S5 Temper. 1000 to 1300 F, 1 hr minimum per inch of 3,051 Endurance limits of as tempered and nltridcd steel,
thickness. Temper SO F minimum above nitrlding tem- Table 3.0Sl,
peratures, (2, p. 7),
1.0S6 Nitriding, 930 to 1050 F, (1) (2, p. 7-9) (3). TABLE 3 OS!
Source _(2. p.34)
1.06 HardenabU ity Allov Fe-(0.4C -J.6Cr-l.lA I-0.6Mn-Q .3SMo
1,061 Bnd quench hardcnabUl ty, Fig. 1, 061, Form Bar
1.0611 AMS 6470 E specifics JSO = 8 and j45 = 12 minimum. Condition HT and nltrlded 97S F 40 hr
1,062 Effect of tempering temperatur e on hanincss of bar, Fig. Reverse bending
Endurance limit, ksi
1,062. as tempered nltrlded
(Rayflex) to_ BHN. 2l9
1.063 Depth-hard ness for several nltrlding times, Fig. 1. 063.
Smooth K = 1.0 4S 90
1.07 Forms and Conditions AvaUablc Notched K = 3.3 24 80
This oteel is avaUablc in mo&'t wrought forms such as
1.071
rods, bars, plates, tubing and forgings, (1). '\0/
[~.
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

2.01 Thermal Properties

2,011 Melting point r=O.OOS
2,012 Phase changes. Critical temperatur e. Ac1 = 1435 F, (3),
2.013 Thermal conductivit y. 30,0 Btu (t per (hr sq ft F) at 212
F, (1).
2,014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2, 014, 3,06 Blastic ProJ1!:rtlcs
2.01S Specific heat. 0. 11 to 0. 12 Btu per (lb F), (1). 3,061 Modulus o( elasticity in tension at room temperatur e 29-
"'l"'" 2,02 Other Physical Properties 30 x 103 ksi, (1).
2.021 Density. 0. 283 lb per cu ln. 7. 83 gr per cu em, (1).
'1:1..~

CODE 1215
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REV I SED MARCH 1963

4. FABRICATION 64
Fe D:l Fe-(0.4C -1.6CrI.IAI0.6Mn0.35Mo

~
4.01
0.4 c 4.011
Forming and Casting
Forging. Starting temperature 1950 to 2200 F, finlshlng
1.6 Cr temperature 1650 F, minimum, (3). "'0
1.1 AI 4.02 Machining
4.021 Rough machining prior to heat treatment Is recommend
0.6 Mn ed particularly for large parts. U large amounts of
stock must he removed1 normallzlng or annealing should
0.35 Mo precede machining. Residual stresses should he : :olded
as these may cause warping during nltridlng. For thls
Nitrailoy reason heat treated material must be machined with light
cuts and be stress relieved after machining at a temper-
135 mod. ature not less than 100 F above the nltrldlng temperature.
IQ.any case sufficient ma~rlal must be removed to elim-
Inate any dccarburlzed surface, (2, p. 6, 7). 3
~~----~8~--~1~----~24~----~32
~.03 Welding DISTANCE FROM QUBNCHBD BND-
4.031 'The major problem Is to avoid Joss In chromium and alu- SIXTBBNrn IN
minium in the weld area which we.~~~ rrevent subsequent FIG. 1.061 BND QUBNCH HARDENABILITY
nltrldlng. The most successful m~il-o<><J \1mploys 2. 5% Cr, (2, p.ll)
medium carbon rods with the atomic tvirogcn process.
If the weld area docs not require nltrlding1conventional
welding methods may be employed. Welded parts should
be heat treated before any machining, (1) (2, p. 38). 48
D:l Fe(0.4C)I.6CrI.IA10.6Mn
4.04 Heating and Heat Treating :l 0.35Mo 1 IN DlA BAR
~ 1700 F, OQ
4.05 Surface Treating u 44 +TEMPER
4.051 Nltrldlng or heat treated parts. '
4.0511 Sufficient material should be removed to eliminate any
decarburlzed surface area before nltrldlng.
4,0512 A typical method of nltrldlng Is the two-stage Floc Proc-
ess, using ammonia as the source of nitrogen. At nl-
trldlng temperature ammonia decomposes Into atomic
nitrogen and hydrogen, Gas circulation, flow rate and
temperature must be controlled carefully to Insure prop-
er degree of ammonia dissociation, (2, p. 2, 3),
4.0513 Case depth uslnR the Floc Process on Nitralloy 135 mod,
Table 4. 0513,

TABLE 4 05!3
So~rcc (<, p:J)
TEMPERING TBMP F
Allov (Fe(0.4C)I.6CrI.IA10.6Mn-O. 35Mo
Sll~tC First Second FIG. 1.062 EFFECT OF 1 uMPBRING TEM
Temo 975 F 1050 F PERATURE ON HARDNESS OF
l'i. ammonia dissociation 1525 83-86 BAR
{!)
Case deoth In Time hr Time hr
0.005-0.008 5 0
0.008-0.0!2 5 5
O.Ol!-0.0!5 5 20
96

-,
0.0130.018 6 26 Fe-{0. 4C)I. 6Cr-I.IAIO. 6MnO. 35Mo

~
o. 017 -o. 022 8 42 - - 60 HR )1725 F, OQ
- - - 48 HR + 1250 F, 5 HR
- - 24 HR + NITRIDJNG 975 F,
4.0514 Areas of parts that do not require nltrlding may be pro- ~ 92 --12HR (2)
tected by tin, bronze or copper plating, {2, p. 32), < \ -~.

~"'
4,0515 Size Increase due to nltrldlng Is approximately 0.001 to ll
0.002 Inch depending on the time and temperature of nl "'z \ [\ ',
trldlng. Dimensions may be restored by careful grinding "'-;- 89
or lapping, {3).
~
5
\\ \
\
\
\
\
~ 84
\ \
\
:I: \
..J \
..J \
Ill
~ 80 \ \
g \ ,_ . ' ..... - \
\
..:
f-...,__- f - - - --
76
BE~tw SURF~'h
0 40
JEPTII 10:ffN

FIG. 1.063 DEPTH-HARDNESS FOR SEVERAL NITRJDING

TIMES (2, p. 22)

~1:
 FeUH
REVISEOMARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

8
e-(0. 4C)-1.6Cr-l. rl-0. 6Mnr ~~Mo Fe-(0. 4C)1. 6Cr-l.IA1-D.6Mt. Fe
0.35Mo
0.4 c
MEAN COEF LINEAR 1.6 Cr
THERiL EXPINSION 1.1 AI
0.6 Mn
FROM Rl TO TEM~INDICATiD 0.35 Mo
5 Nitrolloy
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEMP- F 135 mod.
FIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION (3)

RA

240 Fe-(0.4C)1.6Crl.IAI-D.6Mn
0.35Mo 1 IN D!A BAR
1700 F, 1/2 HR, OQ
+

TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3. 0212 EFFECT OF TEMPERING
TEMPERATURE ON ROOM
TEMPERATURE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF AS TEM-
PERED AND NITRIDED
ALLOY
(1)

56
Fe(O. 4C)-1. 6Crl.IA1
0. 6Mn-D. 35Mo
. AS TEMPERED
NITRIDED 900 F,
48 90HR
I
IE CHARPY V

40
TEMPERING TEMP - F
PIG. 3. 0211 EFFECT OF TEMPERING
TEMPERATURE ON ROOM "'..:I
TEMPERATURE TENSILE 32
PROPERTIES OF BAR t:
(1) (2, p.l2)

24

8L-.....~----------~-----~
1000 1100 1200 1300
TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3.0213 EFFECT OF TEMPERING
TEMPERATURE ON ROOM
TEMPERATURE IMPACT
PROPERTIES OF AS TEM-
PERED AND NITRIDED
ALLOY (1)

CODE 1215
 ICUn

FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

REFERENCES
Fe
0.4 c Allo>y Digest, "Nitralloy 135 Modified,'' Filing Code: SA-24,
Steel-Alloy, (Dec. 1954)
1.6 Cr 2 Homerberg, V. 0. and Floe, C. F., "Nitralloy and Nltrlding
Including the New Floe Process," The Nltralloy Corp., (1954)
1.1 AI 3 Crucible Steel Co. or America, "Nitrlding Steel # 135 Modi-
fled," Data Sheet, Issue, Uuly 1949)
QG Mn 4 AMS 6470 E, (March 1, 1955)
5 "Alloy Steel Bars for Nitrlding," ASTM DeslgDatlott A 355-
0.35 Mo 57 T, Class A, Pt. 1, (1961)

Nitralloy
135 mod.

CODE 1215
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GENERAL
Tbts alloy Is one of a series of new quenched and Fe
tempered steels which are being developed under
contract by the Naval Sbips Systems Command (44) (45} 5 Ni
(46) (47). It has been designed to have very hl:gh
resistance to crack propagation In heavy
0.55 Cr
sections at temperatures down to about -80F. The 0.47 Mo
steel exhibits secondary hardening with the degree
depending primarily on the Mo content. There Is little 0.075V
change In yield strength In tho tempering temperature
range between 900 and llOOF. Yield strength levels
between 130 and 150 ksl can be obtained by tempering 5Ni CrMoV
at temperatures somewhat higher than that at the
secondary hardening peak. In this tempering range the
toughness l8 high and Increases rapidly with Increasing
tempering temperature. Tentative specifications (1)(2)
have been developed for both 130 and 140 ksl yield
strength grades and a u.s. Navy specification Cor the
130 ksl grade Is under development (48}. Hardenablllty
Is sufficient to obteln 140 ksl yield strength at the
center or !our !ncb thick plates.
Cold formability In the quenched and tempered
condition Is quite good and adequate for all normal
fabrication operations. The steel is easily welded by
Inert gas and covered electrode processes. Detailed
techniques and specifications have been worked out for
GMA and SMA processes (1). Stress relief of heavy
weldments Is not recommended due to temper 1.05 Hel.\t Treatment
embrittlement. Resistance to general corrosion and to 1.051 General. The austenltizlng and tempering procedure
stress corrosion In marine atmospheres Is slightly will depend on the composition and quenched section
better than Hy80 steel and the steel is of particular size. In general, compositions having Mo C r and C
Interest Cor application In deep submersibles. Other at the lower limits or the composition will require
applications would Include pressure vessels where lower tempering temperatures within the 13D-140
light weight Is not a prime !actor, such as large saUd ksl range (see Figure 3. 0215), to achieve
propellant rocket motor cases, reactor pressure a given yield strength. Bainite will be present In
vessels, and high pressure gas storage vessels. plates over about two Inch thick, Table 1. 057.
Consequently, with Increasing thickness above two
Inches the tempering temperatures must be reduced
1.01 Commercial Designation
within the specified composition range and for
Hy 130/140, 5NI..Cr-Mo-V
thicknesses up to four Inches the tempering
temperature required can vary between 1050 and
1.02 Alternate Designations
1160F (see Table 1.057}.
None
1.052 Austenltize. Plates < two Inch thick and all other
1.03 Specifications
forms 1475 to 1525F, 1 hour per Inch, water quench
Tentative Navy, see reference 1.
plates 52 Inch thick 1625 to 1675F, 1 hour per looh,
1.031 ASTM A579-67 Alloy 12.
water quench+ 1475 to 1525F, 1 bour per Inch,
water quench (1).
1.04 Com[!Osltlon
1.053 Tem;:r.r. All forms 1000F, 1 hour per inch, min
Table 1.04
water C<UtlllCh (See 1. 051).
1.054 stress reUe!. Not recommended. However, ex-
pertmentallow manganese compositions have been
develoJ>ed which reduce the tendeooy to embrittlement
on long time stress relief (see 1.09). These
TABLE 1.04 compositions are not available as production items.
1.055 Safety treatments for castings. To eliminate
Source jljj3l hydrogen flaking coolin mold to 400F. Then 1600F,
Perc aut six hour, furnace cool to llOOF, six hour, fumllCe
cool to < 600F. This treatment Ia not completely
~In Mn effective In sections greater than four Inch thick (1).
Carbon
Manganese
-
0.60
0 .!.:.:
0.90
1.056 Rapid boat treatment. Substantial gains In yield
strength may be obtelned by applying several cycles
Phosphorus - 0.010 of an experimental heat treatment consisting or a
Sulphur - 0.010 preheat followed by Induction heating (e. g. 2. 5 to
SUlcon (a) 0.20 0.35 16F per second) to about 1430F followed by water
Nickel (a) 4.75 5.25 quenching (see Figure 3.0217). Some loss In Impact
Chromium 0.40 0.70 strength accompanies those treatments, giving tho
Molybdenum 0.30 0.65 greatest Increase in yield strength {Figure 3.03314),
Vanadium 0,050 0.10 The Increase in strength is associated with a decrease
Titanium - 0.02 in austenltlc grain size. The effectiveness or the
Copper - 0.15 process will decrease with increasing plate thickness
due to beating rate limitations which have yet to be
(a) For castings o.ao - 0,45 Sl established (17). This treatment Is covered by
5. 00 - 5.50 Nl u.s. Patent 3,178,324 but Ia not y.at a production
process.
1.057 Mechanical properties and microstructure for plate
or various thickness Illustrating variatlona In heal
treatments producing mechanical properties within
Hy 130/140 range, Table 1. 057.
 FERROUS ALLOYS RELEASED: MARCH 1969

TABLE 1.057
Fe
Source 1361 Table 4
5 Ni Alloy F&-.11C-6Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo -.07V
0.55 Cr Form Plate (4 Heats)
0.47 Mo Thlckness, inch 1/2 1 2 3 4 R

0.075V 1500F, l.br 1500F,1. 5hr 1550F, 2hr 1650F,3hr 1650F,3hr 1600F,4hr
Condition (b) +165CF,1.75 +1160F,1.5hr 1550F, 2hr +1500F,3hr +1500F,3hr +1050F,3hr
hr 1160F, +llOOF,2hr +1075F,2hr
5Ni CrMoV 2.3hr
Ftu -kill (a) 152 152 148 145 153 151
Fty-klll 139 144 138 136 145 137
R.A. Percent 63 65 62 65 64 67
IE Charpy (a)
V (Zero J)egreesl F - ft-lb 87 85 97 73 78 85
Percent, martensite at mid
thickness 100 100 100 80 75 65
ASTM grain size at mid
thickness 8.5 6.5
I 8.0
(a) Longitudinal at 1/4 thickness, 1-6 Inch plate, mid thickness 1/2 lnch plata
7.3 7.0 3.5-5.5
(duplex)
(b) Water quench following austenltizlng and tempering

The experimental low Mn modlflcation of this steel

1.06 Hardness
(see also 1. 05)
1.061 Effect of tempering temperature on hardness of stress
rellevable plate, Figure 1. 061.
1.07 Forms and Conditions Available
Plate (to ub: inches), forging stock, castings and
structur'll shapes.
1.08 Meltinp. and Casting Practice
Electric furnace air melt, air melt + vacuum degas,
air mell + vacuum AVC remelt and vacuum Induction
melt.
1.09 Special Coflslderatlons
1.091 Temper ernbrlttlement. Like all commercial
quenched tmd tempered alloy steels this steel is
subject to temper ernbrtttlement. Stress relief
treatments of heavy welded sections can result ln
such embrtttlement due to the time spent during
cooling 'm the temperature range between about 900 and
llOOF. For lhls reason attempts have been made
to ldenilly the elements active ln the embrtttlement
process.
A statistical study by L. F. Porter, O.C. Carter
and s. J. Msnganello(41) of the role of Mn, Mo, and
Nl indicated a major Influence on Mo and Mn as well
as an Interaction between C r and Mo In which both
elements act together to Increase the embrlttlement.
As a result of these studies an experimental low
Mu composition was developed with the other
elements being within the normal range. It was not
possible to substantially change the Mo and Cr without
unfavorably affecting the hardonablllty and tempering
characteristics of the steel. A production heat of
low Mn composition exhibited less temper em-
brlttlement than heats of the normal composition when
subjected to holding at temperatures between 1000 and
llOOF followed by slow cooling (e.g. see Figure
3.0339 and Table 3.03312). Using low Mn laboratory
heats, studies were made of the Influence of V , P ,
N , AI and 0 on the temper ernbrlttlement. or these
elements only P (see Figure 3. 0335) was found to
contribute significantly to the embrlttlement as
measured by tho charpy impact test (5) (41). The
same study indicated the tendeooy to temper
embrlttlement does not appear to be Influenced by
small amounts of cold work (see Table 3. 03310).
probably results ln a worthwhUe reduction ln the
susceptibility to temper embrtttlement. However,
the problem ls complicated by two factors. First,
lt ls not possible to judge the effect of temper
embrtttlement on service performance from the
results of charpy Impact tests alone.
Second, the degree of embrlttlement ls strongly In-
fluenced by the content of so-ealled tramp elements .... '
(P., Sn, As., and Sb) that are commonly found In
commercial steels. These elements can produce an
embrtttllng effect In only trace amounts and are
practically Impossible to completely ellmlnate from
commercially produced steel. Differences In the
tramp element content may be responsible (or the
fact that a o. 74 Mn heat appeared to be more
susceptible to temper embrlttlement than a 0. 91 Mn
heat (see Figure 3. 0339). In this connection lt should
be noted that the 0. 91 Mn and the 0. 35 Mn heat
(Fig. 3. 0339) had essentially the same content of
of tramp elements (41).
1.092 Embrlttllng Effects of Carbon, Oxygen and Sulilhur.
As might be expected the charpy Impact stren~'th
decreases with Increase ln the content of thesu
elements (see Figures 3.0333, 3,0334 and 3.0336).
It appears that castings of a low Mn composition may
be more sensitive to the effect of sulphur than tho
normal manganese steel (see Table 3. 03311).
Apparently vacuum melting can Improve tho Impact
strength of steels with low sulphur contents pre-
sumably by a reduction ln the oxygen content (see
Figure 3. 0336).
1.093 Non-metsllic segregation. Low short transverse
RA values ln thick plate have been reported by
Rosenstein and Gross (10) and were found to be
associated with non-metallic segregation In an air-
melted heat. (see Table 3. 02141. The producer
claims (49) that these low values are not typical
of air-melted beats and that e(2 In) 13 percent and
RA K 40 percent would better represent present
practice. Vacuum melted alloy did not exhibit such
segregation and had high RA values ln the short
transverse direction (see Table 3. 0214).
1.094 Castings. Castings from Sl-Al-Tl deoxidized beats
were found to be considerably lower In charpy Impact
strength than castings from SI-Al deoxidized heats
(7). Hydrogen flaking ln heavy sections of castings
can oot be cc.>mpletsly eliminated by a safety treatment
(see 1.05 ).
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

2. 0 PHYSICAl, AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

2,01 Thermal Properties

Fe
2.011 .Melting range.
2.012 Phase changes.
5 Ni
Aca =1415F 0.55 Cr
Acl =1210F
Ms =715F 0.47 Mo
2.0121 Isothermal transformation diagram, Fl~t~~re 2. 0121. 0.075V
2.013 Thermal conduct! vlty. 23 Btu ft per(hr sq ft F1. Environmental sustained load tests made with fatigue
2.014 Thermal expansion. 7. 3 x 10 -Gin per In per F. cracked and side grooved cantilever bend specimens
(8~ to llOOF). In most all cases did not furnish valid Kxscc values
2.015 SpccUic h"at. Approximately 0.115 Btu per(lb F1. because of Insufficient specimen size (I.e. specimen
5 Ni CrMoV
2.016 Thermal diffuslvlty. loads required to produce crack growth resulted In
large scale yielding at the crack tip). However,
2.02 Other Physical Properties results from these tests are valuable In deflnln~ the
2.021 Density. 0. 265 lb per sq in influence of various variables on the sensitivity to
(7, 89 gm per cc). environmental controlled crack growth under static
2.022 Electric properties. load. For plate teeted In artificial sea water this
2.023 Magnetic properties. Maximum permeability = 630 sensitivity Is small (Figures 2. 033 and 2. 034) but Is
(H = 2200 oersteds). increased by small amounts of cold work (Figure
2.024 Emissivity. 2. 033). As shown In Figure 2. 03<1 cathodic polar-
2.025 Damping capacity. Ization also Increases the sensitivity. The results of
fatigue crack growth rate studies Indicate that the
2.03 Chemical Properties crack growth rate Is Increased (with respect to that
(see also 4. 03) In air) :.'v 3. 5 percent NaClln the range where the
2.031 General. The general corrosion rates uf plales and gross <::alns are primarily elastic, but Is about the
plate weldments in marine environments are low with same as that In air where the gross strains are
the largest effects being observed fot' flowing sea primarily plastic (Figure 2. 035).
water. Under these conditions the weld metal appears 2.032 General corrosion of plate In marine environments,
~ be poorer than the HAZ or tt.'e parent metal ( see Figure 2. 032.
Figure 2. 032 and Table 4.0351). 2.03!l Sustained load crack failure behavior of plate ln
Conventional U bend specimens strained 16 percent of artUiclal sea water as Influenced by plastic strain,
plate and plate welds showed no cracking after thirty- Figure 2. 033.
seven months in the environments listed In Figure 2.034 Sustained load crack failure behavior of plate ln
2. 032 or after equal time at 2500 ft. depth (14). In artUlclal sea water and subjected to cathodic
smooth low cycle fatigue teats the !Ue of plate polarization, Figure 2. 034.
spec! mens is reduced somewhat by the presence of 2.035 Crack growth rate scatter bands for plate subjected
artUiclal sea water (see Figure 3. 051). However, to reversed bending in air and in 3.5 percent NaCI,
similar tests on welds do not reveal a clear Influence Figure 2. 035.
of this environment (see Figure 4. 0361). Low cycle
fatigue tests with notched plate specimens exhibit a 2.04 Nuclear Properties
loss In lUe when subjected to brackish river water
(see Figure 3. 052). Rotating beam high cycle fatigue
tests with both smooth and notched specimens (see
Figure 3. 053) show large reductions In life (cycles
to failure) and In endurance limit when tested In
br:u:kish river water as compared to similar tests
In air.
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

3.01 Specified Mechanical Prooertles

3,011 Tentative speolflcatlons for properties of Hy 130 and
Hy 1411 grades, Table 3. 011.

TABLE 3.011

Sour"" _{1JL2)
Allov Fe-.11C -5Ni-.55Cr-.47Mo-. 07V
Direction Lc>ngltudinal and Tangential except as noted
Form Plate Rolled or Extruded Shape F(lrglng Casting
(a)(b)
Th,:kness, inch < 5/8 > 5/8 to 4 <s/8 <!: 5/8 to 4 < 4 Inch < 6 Inch
Cunditton Hv 130 Hv 140 Hv 130 Hv 140 llv 130 Hv 130 Hv 130 Hv 130
Fty-ksi 130 140 130 140 130 130 130 130
to to to to to to to to
150 160 145 155 150 145 145 145
e(2 Inl mL:: peF-<~~ 14 14 15 15 14 15 15 15
R.A. min ;;~,~:t-::..:'H.
........ ,.
- - 55L
50T
55L
SOT
- 50 50 50

Cha'1l:f V-ft-' I 50 ft-lb min at 3 to -3F (a)

(a) For&lngs: p; :.\!\'n,es are longtltud!nal for plate types and tangential for ring types
(b) ASTM A579-67 (2) gives following room temper&ture mlns, Ftu- 150 ksi, Fty= 140 ksl, e = 13 percent
R. A. = 40 percent, charpy V = 50 rt-lb
 FERROUS ALLOYS RELEASED: MARCH 1969

'
3.012 Tentative specifications for weldments (see ~ ...; ,.
Fe Table 4. 0311).

5 Ni
0.55 Cr 3.02 Mechsnical Properties at Room Temperature
3.021 Tension (see also 3. 033).
0.47 Mo 3.0211 Stress-strain curve for plate, Figure 3. 021L
0.075V 3,0212 Effect of tempering temperature on tensile
properties of casting, Figure 3. 0212.
3.0213 Effect of plate thickness on tensile properties,
Figures. 0213.
5 Ni CrMoV 3 _0214 Effect tf testing direction on tensile properties of
alr and ~'BCuum melted plate, Table 3. 0214.

TABLE 3.0214

~urea 10 Table 3
~OY Fe-.11C-5Ni-.55Cr- .47Mo-.07V
ponditinn 1500F, 2 hr WQ + 1075F, 2 hr WQ
Air Melt Vacuum Induction
Form
21n Plate 2 In Plate
!Direction L T ST ST
Ftu- ksi 149 149 147 149
Fty- ksi 142 142 141 140
e(1 In) percent - - 7 17
e(2 In) percent
R.A. percent
20
65
20 -
59 23
-
61

3.02722 Surface crack strength of plate in alr and In salt

solution, Table 3.02722.
3. 0215 Effect of tempering temperatures on tensile properties
of plate from several heats, Figure 3. 0215. TABLE 3.02722
3.0216 Effect of tempering temperature on tm.slle properties
of stress relievable plate, Figure 3. 0216. Source (39) Table 12
3.0217 Effect of rapid austenitizlng on tensile properties of
plate, Figure 3. 0217. Alb~y Fe-.llC -5NI-. 55C r-. 47Mo-. 07V
3.022 Compression. Form linch Plate
3.0221 Stress-strain diagrams.
Condition Quenched and Tempered to F ty= 143 Ksi
3. 0222 Effect of tempering temperature on the compressive
yield strength of stress relievable plate, Figure 3. 022:::. Environment Air 3 1/2 Percent
3.023 Impact, see 3. 033. NaCI (a)
a. 024 Bending. Flaw Size
3.025 Torsion and shear. a, inch 0.401 0.495 0.500
3.026 Bearing. 2C, Inch 1.04 2.13 2.11
3.027 Stress concentration. A/ (/)2 0.21 0,36 0.34
3,0272 Fracture toughness (see also 3.03272). w, Inch 3 5 5
3.02721 General. This alloy is extremely tough at room Notch, Yield 1.05
.
1.09 1.08
temperature and vail.d Kic values were not obtained Strength Ratio
using four Inch thick apecimens of plate having a (a) Specimen held 1 hour net stress of 130 ksi with no crack
yield strength of 149 ksl (40). The [>roducer estimates growlh
a room temperature K 1c = 250 ksl -1/1;'. This seems
reasonable based on extrapolation of valid data
j- 2C --j
obtained at lower temperatures (see Figure 3. 03722).
..L !
Apparently there can be slgn!IIcRDt spread In the low
temperature Kic values ar.d thlfl mayalsoberefiected !n
the room temperature toughness.
1" I ~~~
~ I Surface Crack Specimens
Experimental tanks one inch thick, thirty-five Inches in
diameter with two longitudinal welds and hemispherical
Tl w I
ends were tested by C. F. Tiffany, J. N. Masters aJ.1d
R. E. Regan(33). A surface crack (r.bout 2. 25 Inch long o. 8
Inch deep) was Introduced Into the longitudinal weld of two
tanks. One tank was subjected to 225 cycles (the last 3.028 Combined prcpertins.
25 with 3 percent NaCI solution In the crack) at
membrane stresses about seventy percent of the parent 3.03 Mechsnical Properties .t Vorious Temperatures
metal yteiu. The pressure was then increased to 3.031 Tension.
8800 pslg at which point the tank leaked at the crack. 3.0311 Stress-strain diagrru4s.
The membrane stress at failure was 143 ksl llS 3.0312 Effect cr test temperr.nll'e on tensile properties of
compared with a reported weld F ty = 150 ksl and a plate, Figure 3. 0312.
parent metal Fty = 137 ksl. The second tank was 3.032 Compression
subjected to fewer cycles and pressurized to 3.033 Impact.
burst at 6950 palg. This tank after fal!ure show.,.d 3.0331 Effect of tempering temperature on the zero degree F
considerable evidence of gross plastic deformation. tnopact strength of castings, Figure 3, 0331.
I~ELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

3.0332 Effect of ten:pering temperature on ze1o degrees F Fe

impact strength of forging kr eeveral te3ting
direcuoos, Table 3.0332. 5 Ni
TABLE 3.0:!32 0.55 Cr
Source . (6)Table 3 0.47 Mo
Alloy Fe-.llC -5Ni -. 55Cr-. 47Mo-. 07V 0.075V
iUng Forging 41 Inch OD, 6 Inch Wall,
Form 40 Inch Longitudinal {Vacuum Degas)
149~F. 3 Hr WQ + 500F, 6 Hr
Condition 5 Ni CrMoV
+ 1050F 6 Hr W
Location Longitudinal Radial Tangential
Ftu- ksi 152 149 152
Fty- ksi 143 137 145
e(2 In) percent 17 16 18
R.A. percent 61 47 63
Charpy V- Zero
degrees F, Ft-lb 48 43 55

3. 0333 Effect of carbon content on zero degre~s F impact

strength of plate, Figure 3.0333.
3.0334 Effect of oxysen on -80F impact strength of low
manganese plate as tempered and after stress relief,
Figure 3. 0334.
3. 0335 Effect of phosphorous on the -80F impact strength of
!ow manganese plate as tempered and after stress
relief, Figure 3.0335.
3.0336 Effect of sulphur content on low temperature impact
strength of plate from laboratory heats, Figure 3. 0336.
3. 0337 Effect of low test temperature on the Impact etrength
of plate, Figure 3. 0337.
3. 0338 Effect of cold deformation (bending) and stress relief
on -80F impact properties of plats, Figure 3.0338.
3. 0339 Effect of stress relief time on low temperat.ure impact
strength of heats with several different manganese
contents, Figure 3. 0339.
3. 03310 Effect of stress relief on low temperature impact
strength of cold worked and stress relieved normal and
low manganese plete, Table 3. 03310.

TABLE 3.' ]31?

Eouroe :1:!1) fables A-1 to A-4
Aiiuy Fc-.llC~Nf-.55Cr-.47r.fo-. 07V 3. 03311 Effect of mold cooling rata on zero degrees F impact
Form 5/8 inch plate (I). Hl Mn) 1 2 inch plate .35 Mn strength of plate castings with normal and low
manganese content and with normal and high sulphur
1500F, 40 min WQ+ 1165F, 1500F, 40 min WQ+ llBOF,
conteat, Table 3.03311.
Condition 40 mln+lOSOF, 25 hr, 30min+1050F, 25 hr,
cool 200F per hr. cool 200F per hr.
Strain None 1 Percent None 1 Percent TABLE 3.03311
Cbarpy V Source (7) Table 3
Fl-lbs Alloy Fe-.11C ..:;m-.55Cl-.47M o-. 07V
at (1) 78 95 120 110 Form Air Moe t l x 12.:..~ 12 men J:' ate Casting
-BOF 40 45 82 80 Condition 1700F, 7 hr WQ + 15WF, 2 hr WQ + 10bOF, 2 hr WQ
Composition Normal Mn & Al 1/-.v Mn (0.22 to 0.25percent)
(1) Zero Degrees F 0.007 S (c) 0.015 s o. :oz s o.oozs 0.015 s
0 022 AI 0 020 Al 0 005 Al 0 027 Al 0 017 AI
CooUng rate
(a) Normal Slow Slow Slow Slow

Ftu- ksi 155 145 to 1se 141 to 156 143 to 158 -

Fty- ksi 143 to 146 136 to 141 133 to 147 139 to 149 -
CbarpyV
at (d) ft-lb 42 to 58 25 to 4( 40 to 75 29 to 09 ::to 24

(a) Normal -cooled ln mold

(b) slow - cooled ln mold Insulated with vermiculite
(c) 1 x 6 x 6 lncb plate casung
(d) Zero degrees F
 r~::.nnvu;:, ALLVT~ RELEASED: MARCH 1969

3.03312 Effect of stress relief on low temperature impact

Fe strength of normal and low manganese laboratory beats
of various thickness plates, Table 3.03312.
5 Ni
0.55 Cr TABLE ::.03312
0.47 Mo Source "(:.o) Table 13
Alloy Fe- .11C-5Ni- .55Cr- .47Mo- .07V
0.075V Form 1/2 Inch Plate (300 lh lab heats) {b)
Condition 1500F, lbr, (a) + llOOF (a)
5Ni CrMoV Normal Modified
Composition (see Table 1. 04) .25Mn, 5.76Ni, 0.76Cr
1025F, 25 hr; cool 200F 1025F, 25hr; cool
Stress Relief None per hour None 200F per hour
Simulated (a)
Thickness , inch 1/2 41/2 6 1/2 41/: 6 1/2 41/ll 6 1/2 41/2 6
Fty-ksi 142 120 103 139 130 115 138 126 113 135 122 119
Charpy V
ft- lbs
+BOF 79 86 84 50 70 82 98 82 83 106 94 100
Zero degrees F 76 84 60 32 43 53 99 84 79 99 93 95

(a) Simulated by controlled cooling rate

{b) Both heats low in temper embrittling elements (.003As,.0001 S1, .002Sn)

3.03313 Effect of tempering temperature on impact !ltrength of

stress relievable plate from production heat,
Figure 3. 03313.
3.03314 Effect of rapid austenitizing on grain su.a of zero
degrees F impact strength of plate, ngure 3.03314.
3.03315 Effect of tempering temperature on zero degrees F
impact atrength of several heats of plate, Figure
3.03315.
3. 03316 Special impact teste. 3.06 Elastic Properties
NDT ( 1 inch plate ) -120F typical. 3.061 Poisson's Ratio.
DWTT (linch plate ) 5000 ft-lbs typical. 3.062 Modulus of elasticity, 29500 ksl (37).
3.034 Bending. 3.063 Modulus or rigidity.
3.035 Torsion and shear. 3.064 Tangent modulus.
3.036 Bearing. 3.0641 Range of tangent and secant tension moduli for plate of
3.037 Stress concentration. several thicknesses, Figure 3.0641.
3. 0371 Notch properties. 3. 0642 Range of tangent and secant compression moduli for
3. 0372 Fracture toughness. plate of several thicknesses, Figure 3. 0642.
3.03721 General. No valid Kic data has been reported at 3.065 Secant modulus (see 3.063).
temperatures above -100F. At lower temperatures
the toughness decreases and quite low values would
be expected for cryogenic temperatures. The rate or
de crease In toughness with decreasing temperature as
... F ABR.i'CATION
well as the toughness reached at very low temperatures 4.01 Formability
can vary from heat to heat for as yet unknown reasons 4.011 General. The alloy mPy ile either hot or cold
(see Figure 3. 03722). formed by conventit::ial processes. Cold forming may
3. 03722 Effect or low test temperature on the plane strain be carried o;t tn the quenched and tempered condition
fracture toughness of plate from two heats, and typlcP.l bond radii are 2T for 180 degrees. Cold
Figure 3. 03722. forming will rr.ault In soma loss In Impact strength
3.03723 Effect or low test temperature on plane strain (see Fif,ure 3. 0338) and large plastic strains (In
fracture toughnc~s of plate, Figure 3. 03723. excess of about ten percent) should be avoided.
3.038 Combined properties. 4.012 Rolling. Cross rolling ratios should approach 1:1
In order to eliminate mechanical anlaotropy.
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties 4.0121 l..ffect of SJ>!lCimen orientation on Impact strength of
3.041 Minimum creep rate Cor plate, Figure 3. 041. ~ lates given lltfferent rolling ratios (ratio of thickness
3.042 Creep rupture strength or plate, Figure 3. 042. reduction In fln.'ll longitudinal dirertion to prior
thickness reducllon In the transverse direction)
3.05 Fatigu~; Properties
Figure 4.0121.
3.051 Low cycle fatigue properties of plate In air and 4.013 Forging. Readily forgeable In the temperature
synthetic sea water, Figure 3. 051. range between 171JO - 2250F, maximum forging
3.052 Effect or stress concentrations and brackish river temperature 230UF.
water on low cycle fatigue characteristics or plate,
Figure :l. 052. 4.02 Machining and Grinding
3.01"3 Effect or stress concentration and brackish river al>out the same as for quenched and tempered SAE
water on fatigue strength or plate, Figure 3. 053. 4140 steel at 36 RC (37).

rnnl:' ,.,,~
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

4.03 Welding
4.031 A large amount of work has been done to define Fe
production welding techniques with particular emphasis
on higb deposition rate welding. Recommendations for 5 Ni
GMA and SMA (covered electrode)welds have been
developed (1) (37). In addition, work ls now underway to 0.55 Cr
develop suitable techniques for hot wire GTA, narrow
gap GMA, pulsed arc GMA and sub arc weldmente (31). 0.47 Mo
One goal in the welding development has been to produce
an overmatching weld In terms of yield strength for a
0.075V
130 ksl yield strength parent metal and maintain
satisfactory toughness as measured by the charpy
Impact strength. This has been achieved for a 5Ni CrMoV
variety of welding conditions with the GMA and SMA
processes (Tables 4. 0311 and 4. 0312) using Mn- Nl-
Cr-Mo electrodes (Table 4.0313). Heavy walled
pressure vessels (one inch thick .wall) simulating
solld rocket motor cases have been made successfully
using GTA welding with a parent metal (5Nl-cr-Mo-V)
wire (see 3.02721). However, the 5Ni-cr-Mo-V
wire does not produce welds In heavier sections
(e. g. 4 1/2 inch) of sufficient hardenabillty to achieve
F ty = 130 ksl after a quench and temper treatment
(27). Quenching and tempering either the Mn-Ni-cr 4.0312 Recommended welding conditions for GMA and SMA
Moor 5Ni-cr-Mo-V weldmente results In a loss ln plate welding, Table 4. 0312.
impact strength but this ls less severe for the
5Ni-cr-Mo-V weldments (Table 4.03114). High TABLE 4.0312
temperature heat treatments such as might be
associated witb hot forming should be avoided since Source (!}_
considerable embrittlement can result (Table 4. 0315) Alloy Fe-.llC -5Nl-. 55Cr-. 47Mo-. 07V
4.0311 Mlnlmum mechanical properties for GMA and SMA GV..A D.C. SMA Covered Electrode
weldments, Table 4. 0311. Weld Process
Reverse Polarity D.C. Reverse Polarity(b
Form(a) 1loch Plate 1/2 and 1 Inch
TABLE 4.0311
Equipment Manual or Automatic
Source (1)p.34 -73 Wire Composition See Table 4. 031:1 See Table 4. 0313
Alloy Fe-.llC-5Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo-.07V Preheat and Inter- 125 to 175 (1/8 inch
GMA Weld SMA (Covered Electrode) pass Temp-F 200 to 225 electrode)
Condition (For Conditions see Weld (For Conditions see 225 to 275 (5/32 & 3/16
Tables 4. 0312 and Tables 4.0312 and4,0313) electrode)
4.0313) ~mum Heat 45,000 40,000
Form 1loch Pate 1/2 & 1 loch Plate (a IJnput Joules per
Ftymln ksl 135 135 ~h I
!Position Flat Flat
e(2 In) ru1n -
pcroent 14 14 (a) For details of welding procedure for other plate thickness see (1)
ChurpyV (b) 750F to SOOF baking required, see (1)
ft -lb min
+30F 50 40
-60F 20 20
4.0313 Wire compositions for GMA and SMA welding,
(a) 5/32 and 3/16 diameter electrodes for 1 Inch plate Table 4. 0313.
1/8 inch diameter electrodes for 1/2 inch plate
TABLE 4,0313

~ ~
Source (l)p. 37 51 & 56
Allov Fe-.11C-5Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo- 07V
Welding Process Gns Metal Arc (1)(4) (5) SMA 2)(3)
Wire Composition Mlll Max Min Max Min Max
Impact Specimen Location '"'ensUe Specimen Location
d =3/8 f~r 1 Inch Plate and
Carbon
Manganese
-
0.12
1.65 2.00
-
0.12
1.50 1.80
0.10
1.50 2.00
-
1/4 for 1/2 loch Plate Phosphorus
Sulphur
--
0.010
0.010
--
0.010
0.010
0.01
0.01 -
Silicon 0.30 0.50 (i,30 0.50 0.50 -
Copper
Nickel
-
0.15
1.80 2.20
-
0.15
2,50 2.90 2.00 2,75
Chromium 0.80 1.05 0.50 0.70 0.50 1.00
Molybdenum 0.40 0.60 0.75 0.95 0.30 0.60
Vanadium -
0.04 -
0.04 0.05 -
Titanium --
0.04 -
0,04
Zirconium 0.04 -
0.04
Aluminum --
0.04 -
0.04
Hydro goo
(1) Wire Composition
0.1)003 -
0.0003

(2) Covered Electrode - Composition of Weld Deposit

(3) Coating <0.10 Percent H20, total metalUcs > 15 Percent
(4) Gas 1 to 2 Percent 02 + Argon
(5) Two comoosltions abown are used Interchangeable
 .t-l:.t<t<UU~ ALLUY~ RELEASED: MARCH 1969

,.'

4,0314 Effects of reheat-treatment on the Mecban!cal

Fe Properties of GMA and GTA welds with different
fillers, table 4. 0314.
5 Ni
0.55 Cr TABLE 4. 0314
0.47 Mo Source !27) Tables 5 & 6
Allov Fe-.11C-5Ni-.55Cr-.47Mo-.07V
0.075V Form In Plate 1 Inch Plate
Weld GMA GTA GMA GMA GMA
5NiCrMoV Process Mn-Ni- Mn-Ni- 5Ni-Cr- Mn-Ni-cr- 5Ni-cr-Mo-
and Cr-Mo- Cr-Mn Mo-V Mo v
Wire 1111 (21
1700F, 1 hr 1750F, 1 hr
Post Weld None None No:~e WQ+- 1550F, WQ+ 1500F
1hr WQI- 1hrWQ+
llOOF, lhr llOOF, WQ
wo
Ftu -kst 163 163 156 155 150 4.032 Influence of welding process. The mechanical
Fty-i<'.st 143 144 136 145 142 properties resulting from welding are complex functions
R.A. of a largo number of variables. However, in general
percent 46 29(o) 55 64 63 for a particular heat input and wire composition the
IECharpyV Impact strength of the weld metal will increase with
ft -lhs BOF - 72 - 30 62 tho number of pasoes necessary to complete the weld.
311F 46 - 59 14 - 4.0321 Impact streogth of welds made hy several processes
-ilOF 23 40 53 - 23 as lnflueooed by the number of beads, Figure 4. 0321,
(1) Composition Table 4. 0313 (0. 31 Cu) 4.033 Stress relief. Temper embrittlement is produced by
(b) Composition Table 1. 04 stress relief treatments that involve long holding times
(2) Porosity or very slow cooling through the temperature range
between 900 and llOOF (see 1. 091). The degree of
embrittlement will vary with both the holding time and
the temperature of stress relief (Figure 4. 0331) and Is
sufflclenUy severe in terms of loss in charpy Impact
4.0315 Influence of high temperature heat treatments properties that stl'ess relief Is not recommended for
on the mecban!cal properties of GMA weldments, weldments in criti~al sppllcstions (1). It appears that
Table 4. 0315. a 5Nl-cr-Mo-V wire gives Less stress relief

TABLE 4. 0315
embrittlement in the GMA process than does a Mn-Nl-
Cr-Mo wire (Figure 4. 0332). Attempts to recover the
... ,
properties of stress relieved weldments by a 1150F
Source (27) Tables 5 & 6 heat treatment followed by water quenoh wero not
Alloy Fe-.11C-5Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo-.07V successful for GMA welds made with Mn-Ni-cr-Mo
Form 1 Inch Plate wire (Figure 4. 0331) but were successful fnr both
parent metal and GMA.welds made with 5Nl-cr-Mo-V
Condition GMA Weld (1) 5Ni-cr-Mo-V Wire (see Table 1. 04) wire (Table 4.0333). Work is underway to develop a
1750F, 1hr 2200F, 1hr 2300F, lhr wire composition which will exhibit lt>:;s st..-ess reUef
Post WQ+ WQ+- WQ!- embrittlement than those now available.
Weld None 1500F,1hr 1500F, lhr 1650F, 1hr 4.0331 Effect of stress relief on impact streng!h nf GMA
Treatment WQ+- WQ+- WQI- Mn-Ni-Cr-Mo weldments, Figure 4.0331.
1125F, 1hr 1125F, .lhr 1500F, 1hr 4.0332 Effect of stress relief treatments on Impact strength
WQ WQ WQ
of GMA weldments with two filler wires, Figure
Ftu- ksi 156 148 143 147 4.0332.
Fty- ksi 136 140 136 139 4.0333 Effect of GMA welding on tensile properties of plate,
R.A. Table 4,0333.
Percent 55 61 64 58
IECharpyV TABLE 4.0333
at30F 59 67 39 35
-50F 53 ~urce (29) Tables 7 & 8
24 12 25
Alloy Fe-.11C-5Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo-.\l7V
(1) For specimen location see Table 4.0311
Form 1 Inch Plate
l::ondltion GMA Weld5NI-cr-Mo-VWire Parent Metal
Ae Weld+ Weld+ No S.R. S.R. +
Weld S.R.(1) S.R. + S.R. (1) 1150F,
l150F, WQ WQ
Ftu- ksl 150 133 131 142 139 134
Fty- ksl 131 122 120 134 131 129
~.A.
Percent 59 63 65 70 66 68
pharpyV
t -lbs
(2)- (3) 77 9 81 86 39 88

(1) S.R. Stress ReUef 1025F, 16 hr, cool 200F per br

(2) For specimen location, see Table 4. 0311
(3) Zero degrees F
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
I
~
:}
;

4.034 Crack strength. Surface crack testa or GTA (5Nl-cr- 4.0352 Sustained load crack failure behavior In three percent 11
Mo-V wire weldmenta reveal very high tougbness In NaCl solution for plata welded by several processes, Fe 1
both the weld metal and HAZ (Table 4.0341, see also Figure 4. 0352.

4.0341
3.02721).
Surface crack strength or GTA weldmenta tested In air
In 3. 5 percent NaCl, Table 4. 0341.
4.0?.53 Sustained load crack failure behavior In three percent
NaCl solution for two orientations In SMA welda,
Figure 4. 0353.
5 Ni
0.55 Cr
l
4.036 Fatigue. Tbe low cycle fatigue behavior or GMA welda
TABLE 4.0341 tasted In cantilever bending is essentially the same In
0.47 Mo
Source (33) Table 17 alr and ASTM synthetic sea water. SMA welds tested 0.075V
In air appear to have poorer properties than tbe GMA
Alloy Fe-.11C-5Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo-.07V
welda.
Form 11Dch Plate (Ftv = 137 Ksl) 4.0361 Low cycle fatigue behavior or GMA. and SMA welda 1n
1500F, 1 br WQ + 1140F, 1 br WQ + GTA Weld alr and ASTM sea water, Figure 4.0361.
5Ni CrMoV
Condition o. 062 Inch diameter, 5Nl-<:r-Mo-V Wire,
40 passe!!, 200F preheat, Fty =150 Ksi 4. 05 Surface Treatment
Type or Test Static Sustained Load
Gross Stress =109 Ksi
Environment Alr 3.5 Percent NaCl
Flaw Location Weld ~ HAZ Weld t HAZ
Flaw Size
2c-lncb 2.25 2.28 2.22 7.37
a -Inch 0.65 0.62 0.67 0.65
Failure Ume br - - 20.2 24.1
Net Fracture
Strength - ksl 145 146 134 151

_L
~I
D
1 ~ --+ID Surface Crack Specimen
Tl 7
-1

4.035 Corrosion. General corrosion In sea water environ-

ment is somewhat higher for weld metal than for
parent metal and somewhat lower In the HAZ than In
parent metal (Table 4. 0351). Stress corrosion behavior
of weldmenta bas beon Investigated using fatigue
44
cracked cantilever beam specimens subjected to
Fe-.uc -5Ni-. 55Cr-. 47Mo-. 07V
sustained loads and an environment of thre'a percent
2INCHPLATE
NaClsolutlon. Tbese specimens failed at KQvalues 1500),', 2 HOUR WQ + TEMPER 1 HOUR
above tbr, KJc measuring capacity of tbe specimen. 40 WQ (5.49Ni, .16Mn, .74Cr)
However tbe results are still useful for comparative
purposes. Both GMA and SMA weldments made with
,,
Mn-Nl-cr-Mo wire show delayed (allure In the salt
solution. The rate at whlch the exposure time to ""-........
failure lncrea>Jes with KQ and the stress :latensity .....................
level below whlch no failures are observed varies with
the welding technique and the crack orientation
(Figures 4.052 and 4.053). Unfortunately, it is not
possible to make a good comparison between parent
metal and weld metal In this test since the available
---- r~

\
4.0351
data does not apply to the same size specimens In both
cases.
General. Corrosion of parent metal, weld r.1otal and 26 ,---t--J,
'

Source
Alloy
HAZ In sea watar, Table 4.0351.

TABLE 4.0351
'(14) Figures 9,10 and 11
Fe-.11C-5Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo-.07V
24
400 600 600 1000
1 r
1206 1400

TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F
Form 1/2 IDch Plata (1)
FIG. 1.061 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
Condition 1500F 1 hour WQ + 1120F 1 hour W +GMA Weld
HARDNESS OF STRESS RELIEVABLE PLATE
Flowing Tide Total Marlne(Z) (31) TABLE 13
Environment
Water Zone Immersion Atmosphsre

Location 131 p HAZ w p HAZ w P HAZ w p HAZ w

Average
Metal loss In
2 year- mlls 15 10 2~ 3 2 9 7.1 3 5 1 1 1
(1) Tested as 4 x 12 Inch specimens
(2) Kure Beach 80 ft lol
(3) p-parent metal, HAZ-Heat affected zone, W-sld metal
reun
FERROUS ALLOYS RELEASED: MARCH 1969

1300 t. ._)
Fe Fe-.11C-5Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo-,07V

5 Ni
0.55 Cr
1200 r--1-- --- ---
At
1---..... ~--

----
0.47 Mo ( A+F

0.075V 1100

r..
5 Ni CrMoV A
[;!1000

~
:IS 900
- f..,----
(~
r.l
E-o A+F+C

800

!--
M~l_ :1_~v
- t--- t---
~PERCENT-

--- --
700

600
100 10 10.~ 10.~ 10,4 10,s
TIME, SECOND

FIG. 2.0121 ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION DIAGRAM (1) FIG. 25

..........

14r-----~------r---~----,

Fe-.11C-5NI-. 55Cr-.47Mo-. 07V

1/2 PLATE
1500F, 1 HOUR WQ + 1120F, 1 HOUR WQ 250
12 FTY = 152 KSI Fe-.11C-5Nl-.55Cr-,47Mo-.07V

--
11/4 INCH PLATE
o FLOWING WATER rtSTM SEA WATER
0
!:>.
TIDE ZONE
TOTAL IMMERSION 200 ~
'V MARINE
ATMOSPHERE
(Kl."RE BEACH
.. ....
80FT LOT)
~ .... ~

~- A-

.........
"- ... ...
......
FTY
~~-
._
....
-
0 NO PRESTRAIN 138 KSI
6 1 PERCENT STRAIN 146
0
0
5 PERCENT STRAIN
oTESTS IN AIR
158

""
FOR SPECIMEN SEE FIG 2. 034
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0 0.5 1. 0 1.5 2.0
TIME YEARS TIME, HOUR
FIG. 2. 032 GENERAL CORROSION OF PLATE IN MARINE FIG. 2.033 SUSTAINED LOAD CRACK FAILURE BEHAVIOR OF PLATE
ENVlRONMENTS (14) FIG. 8 ARTIFICIAL SEA WATER AS INFLUENCED BY PLASTIC
STRAIN (25) TABLES A6 -AS
 IVUn
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

300
Fe-.llC -5Nl-.55C r- .47Mo-. 07 10000 . . - - - - - - - - . - - - - - . . . . . - - -
Fe-.11C-5 N1-. 55Cr-,47M o-. 07V
liNCH PLATE FTY= 135 KSI
1500F, 40 MIN WQ + 1150F, 1 HOUR WQ
liNCH PLATE Fe
SCATTER BAND FOR 2 HEATS
250 FTY =134 AND 145 KSI 5 Ni
e ARTIFJCIAL SEA W1TER (ASTM)
A NO STRAIN CATHODIC POLAR. RW AND WR DmECTIO NS 0.55 Cr
I 0 5 PERCENT STRAIN -1.2V 3 PERCENT NaCl
c F AlLURE IN AIR 0.47M o
I~

A
- 0.075V

5Ni CrMoV

""
~
r-- -u ~

~r-__
~

50
0~"CO 1 ) lYE:~ - CRACK
LENGTH

0 REVERSED CANTILEVER
FATIGUE CRACKED
CANTILE VER BEND SPECIMEN BENDING R = -1
1----fA~c._
WITH 0,10 INCH DEEP, 0.01 INCH
RADIUS SIDE GROOVE
SPECIME N SAME AS FIG. 3.052 EXCEPT
I ENGRAVED NOTCH l/161NCH DEEP
0 40 80 120 160 200 X l/161NCH LONG

FAILURE TIME, HOURS lL------------~----------~~

0.001 0.01 0,10
FIG. 2.034 SUSTAINED LOAD CRACK FAILURE BEHAVIOR
OF PLATE IN ARTIFICIAL SEA WATER AND TOTAL STRAlN RANGE
SUBJECT ED TO CATHODIC POLARIZATION FIG. 2. 035 CRACK GROWTH RATE SCATTER BANDS FOR
(24) FIG. 6 PLATE SUBJECT ED TO REVERSED BENDING
IN AIR AND 3,5 PERCENT NaCI (43) FIG. 4

200
Fe-.11C- 5NI-.55C r-,47Mo- .07V
21NCH PLATE
1650F, 1 HOUR WQ + 1500F, 1 HOUR WQ
+ 1050F, 2 HOUR WQ
150

r-
100
-
FTY 137 Kal
E 29500 KJsl
En (NECKING) & 0. 07
50
-

0 .~ .M
I I
.00 .08
STRAIN INCH PER INCH
FIG, 3.0211 STRESS-STRAIN CURVE FOR PLATE 11) FIG. 11
rcun
FERR OUS ALLOYS RELEASED: MARCH 1969

200
Fe Fe-.11C- 5Ni-.55C r-.47Mo- .0'1V
1 X 1 X 10 INCH CASTING
5 Ni (. 84Cr, .16V)
180 1700F, 7 HOUR WQ+ 1500F, 2 HOUR WQ
0.55 Cr f' + TEMPER 1 HOUR WQ
0.47 Mo
0.075V 160

5 Ni CrMoV
~
140 ... ....--- FTY~ ~
~
120
c
80

"'
60 ~ ~ ~
RA

~
f&l
40

~
f&l
Jl.
20 e(1 IN)
.....
200
~ 900
AS QUENCH
0
1000 1100
Fe-.11C- 5Nl-.55C r-.47 Mo-.07V
1200
1 TO 1 1/2 IN PLATE
TEMPERING TEMPERA TURE F 1501F, lint WQ + TEMPER lint WQ
FIG. 3.0212 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA TURE ON 180
200
TENSILE PROPERT IES OF CASTING (16) TABLE 7

160
180

180
Fe-.11C- 5NI.-.55C r.-.47Mo -.07V 160 ~
1500F, lint WQ+1140F. li!R WQ

~
160

FTu ! 140 r..

i ~
14 _0
FTY ~

0
L
T
120

~
8'V -~ 100

0
0

0

""
--- R.A

e(1 IN)
~
-<

10
1/2 1 11/2 2
THICKNE ss- INCH
FIG. 3.0213 EFFECT OF PLATE TffiCKNESS ON
TilE TENSILE PROPERT IES
(1)TABLE 14 1000 1100 1200 1300
TEMPER ATURE
FIG. 3.11215 EFFECT OF TEMPER ING TEMPERA TURE ON
TENSILE
PROPERT IES OF PLATE FROM SEVERAL IIEJ..TS 1491f191
 RELEASED: MARCH ~969 FERROUS ALLOYS

200
Fe-.11C-5Ni-.55Cr- .47Mo-. 07V
2 INCH Pl,o\TE
1500F, 2 HOUR WQ + TEMPER 1 HOUR, WQ
180 ~(5.49NI, 0.18Mn, 0.74Cr)

'-,
200
5
Fe
Ni
0.55 Cr
0.47 Mo
I'......_
160 '-... 180 0.075V
~~--<)
140 1---
e L ~\ FTU
160
5 Ni CrMoV
~
0 T
~
.....
- - - __.,_.
I
I
::> ~-- ~
~ ><
!-<
:'120 140 I><
~\

~\
100
,, FTY
120

80

e-o
, v
100

--- ---RA-~~
0

!-< 60
z
~
g
~

"' 40

..... ,
20
c!e- - 1- +--or
___,
v
.. 260

Fe-.11C-5NI-. 55Cr-. 47Mo-. 07V

1/2 INCH PLATE
e(1 IN) 240 1500F, 1 HOUR WQ + 400F, 1 HOUR WQ 200
+ 1200F +RAPID HEAT TO 1430F
0 WQ+400F, WQ
400 600 BOO 1000 1200 1400
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F T
220 180
FIG. 3.0216 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
_..._
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF STRESS RELIEVABLE
PlATE (31) TABLE 3
200 ~
..-- 160
~
FTU

180
va
. ... 200

FTY

/ - J I --
160

80
vo ...
CENTER HEAT RATE
NO RAPID HEAT
-
2. SF PER SECOND } INDUCTION
16F PER SF.C:OND HEATING
180

!GO

60
~ ... -. . ...
~ RA
!-< I
l:'i 40
;<> <'>
g
~
20
- -- -
"' e(1IN)
0
0 2 4 6 s 10
NUMBER OF RAPID HEAT+ WQ CYCLES
FIG. 3.0217 EFFECT OF RAPID AUSTENmZlNG ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF PLATE (17) TABLE 3
reun
FERROUS ALLOYS RELEASED: MARCH 1969

180
A l'ri'-"/
Fe-.11C-5Ni-.55Cr-.47Mo-.07V
Fe PLATE
Fe-.uc -6Ni-. 55Cr-. 47Mo-. 07V
1 X 1 X 10 INCH CASTING
5 Ni 1500F, 2 HOUR WQ + TEMPER 1 HOUR, WQ (.84Cr, .16V)
160 (5.49Ni, 0.18 Mn, 0.74Cr)
L ~ 160 1700F, 7 HOUR WQ + 1500F, 2 HOUR, WQ
0.55 Cr + TEMPER 1 HOUR, WQ
0.47 Mo
140
t..--- FTY -~
0.075V 140 !.--
e 1 INCH
~ o 2 INCH Fey
5Ni CrMoV 120
120
80 />

100 L------L----~~----~----~------~
400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
60

- r
FIG. 3.0222
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F
EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
/.I
......- __.. .........
40 I--
COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH OF PLATE
(31) TABLE 13
IECHARPYV
ZERO DEGREE-F
20 ._./'

AS QUENCH 900 1000 1100 1200

TEMPERING TEMPERATURE F
FIG. 3.0331 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON THE
ZERO DEGREES F IMPACT STRENGTR OF CASTINGS
(16) TABLE 7
200 .----------------------,..;_..:_______...,
f-:--oe:-;-~c-:...,:~-~-~-;;-~sc-Q_r..,.:-:-:-:-0:--.-.o.....17_:_o_u_R_w_~...,..-l
240 .------...... Fe-.llC -5Ni-. 55Cr-.47Mo-. 07V
PLATE
1500F (1 HR PER IN) WQ + TEMPER
180 TO MAX SECONDARY HARDENING
(900 to 1100) WQ

160 160

~ 120 140

~
80 120

0 ...A L
T
100
40
140

1/2 INCH PLATE

120 0 4 INCH PLATE

100

e(2 IN) 80

OL-----~----~----~----- -~-----L----~
-400 o 4oo 800 1200 1eoo 2000 "'~ IE CHARPY V
TEMPERATURE F 60
!-<'
ZERO DEGREES-F
FIG. 3. 0312 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF PLATE (9) TABLE 5 and 6
""
40
0.05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30
CARBONCONTENT, PERCENT
FIG. 3. 0333 EFFECT OF CARBON CONTENT ON ZERO DEGREES
F IMPACT STRENGTH OF PLATE (1) HG. 4
 r-euH
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

180
Fe-.11C-5N1-.55Cr-.47Mo- .07V
200 - 300 LB IND. VAC MELT Fe-.11C-5Nl-.55Cr-.47Mo- .07V
LABORATORY HEATS
Fe
1/2 IN PLATE (,25- .27 Mn)
160 1500F, 1/2 HOUR WQ + llOOF, 1/2 INCH PLATE 5 Ni
160 1500F, 1/2 HOUR WQ + TEMPER 1/2 HOUR
1/2 HOUR WQ
0.55 Cr

~
140

120
OQ
. ~

RTFTY
I .
0

~
140
I ll.

A
c

I
0

I
RT FTY

I
;t-, c

Cj!!.

'

(
0.47 Mo
0.075V

AS TEMPERED ~> 120 5 Ni CrMoV

120.: 0
200 ?
lOOOF, 125 HOUR
I I
0

;
100 TEMPER, F
160
1000 1200

80 ~ 120
[\
0
300 LB IND
VAC. MELT

~~ t:-.......
.a.

~~
Do 100 LB AIR MELT

0 rn
e3 80
--... ~

'
I

~
IECHARPYV -80F f-o
...... l l . -
~r--
0 r..
40
0 40 80 120 160 200
40 t-- r---
OXYGEN, PPM IECHARPYV
FIG. 3,0334 ZERO DEGREES-F
EFFECT OF OXYGEN ON -80F IMPACT STRENGTH
OF LOW MANGANESE PLATE AS TEMPERED AND
AFTER STRESS RELIEF (5) TABLE 3
0
.003 .007

SULPHUR, PERCENT
.015 .019 023 ....
0""

~'!G. 3. 0336 EFFECT OF SULPHUR CONTENT ON LOW TEMPERATURE

180 IMPACT STRENGTH OF PLATE FROM LABORATORY HEATS
Fe-.llC -5N1-. 55Cr-.47Mo-. 07V
(3) TABLE 2
200 - 300 LB IND. VAC MELTS
1/21NCH PLATE (.25- .27 Mn)
160 1500F, 1/2 HOUR WQ + 100F,
1/2 HOUR WQ

~~-
0 c
~ 140 120~--~--~---r-------,
RTFTY
Fe-.UC-5N1-.55Cr-.47Mo- .07V
21NCH PLATE
120
1650F, 1 HOUR WQ + 1500F, 1 HOUR WQ

-~
100 < 100
' + 1050F, 2 HOUR WQ

\ . .
80 - 80 RT FTY ~ 150 KSI

60 \ 0

AS TEMPERED
1000F, 125 HOUR

-
rn
e3 60~---4----~----~--~~--~
L&T

~ I
40 ~
~ li'
f-o
r..

20 !E CHAR'?YV
-80F

0 I I
0 0.01 0,02 0.03 0.04 -400 -300 -200 -100 100
PHOSPHOROUS, PERCENT
TEMPERATURE F
FIG. 3, 0335 EFFECT OF PHOSPHOROUS ON THE -BOF IMPACT FIG. 3,0337 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURES ON TilE
STRENGTH OF LOW MANGANESE PLATE AS IMPAC1' STRENGTH OF PLATE (11) TABLE AS
TEMPERED AND AFTER STRESS RELIEF
(5) TABLE 3
 FER ROU S ALLO YS RELEASED: MARCH 1969

200
Fe Fe-.llC -5NI-. 55C r-. 47Mo-. 07V
5 21NCH PLATE
Ni 1650F, 1 HOUR WQ + 1501!F
180
0.55 Cr 1 HOUR WQ + lOS OF, 2 HOUR WQ

0.47 Mo
0.075 V - 160
!2
5NiC rMoV

120 L T
80
AS DEFOR MED
- 0 DEFOR MED+
-- 6 1025F, 2 HOUR
60

CHARP Y V -80F

0~----~----~--~~--~
0 z 4 6 8
180r-----------
~--------------
STRAIN , PERCE NT ~----~--------~
Fe-.11C -5NI-,5 5Cr-.47 Mo-.07 V
FIG. 3. 0338 EFFEC T OF COLD DEFORMATION 1/2 to 5/8 INCH PLATE
(BENDING) AND STRESS RELIEF ON HEAT TREAT lOOOF HOLD. COOL 200F PER
LOW TEMPE RATUR E IMPAC T HOUR ,.,.
PROPE RTIES OF PLATE (11) TABLE S A2-All 160
(12\ TABLE S 2 and 3 OF -80F

140
....
o
6
1500F, 2 HR (BLOW ER COOL) + 1050F, 2 HOUR
l500F, 40 MIN WQ + 1165F, 40 MIN
Cl 1500F, 40 MlN WQ + llSOF, 30 MIN

"'II:
.l
!00

!-<
:".a..

80

'' ~.

0~--------~--~---------L--~-----
5 10 ---_J
100 500
TIME AT 1000F, HRS
-f i>
FIG. 3,0339 EFFEC T OF STRESS RELIEF TIME
ON LOW TEMPE RATUR E "(J<
IMPAC T STREKGTH Or HEATS WITH SEVER
AL DIFFER ENT
MANGANESE CONTENTS (1) FIG. 7 (20) FIG.
A-2 and A-3
 ~un
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERRO US ALLOY S

180
Fe-.11C-5N I-.55Cr-.47M o-. 07V
PLATE (5.49 Nl, .18Mn, 74Crl Fe
1500F, 2 HOUR WQ +TEMPER 1 HOUR WQ
160 5 Ni
0.55 Cr
140 0.47 Mo
0.075V
~
120
5 Ni CrMoV
L T

...
100
0 liNCH PLATE
120 2 INCH PLATE
A

IECHARPY V ZERO DEGREES-F

400 900 1000 1100 1200 24 0

TEMPERING TEMPERA TORE - F Fe-.11C-5NI-.55Cr-.~7Mo-,07V
FIG. 3,03313 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERAT URE ON 1/2 INCH PLATE
IMPACT STRENGTH OF STRESf: RELIEVABLE 22 0 1500F, 1 HOUR, WQ + 400F 1 HOUR WQ +
PLATE FROM PRODUCTION HEAT (31) TABLE 13 1200F +RAPID HEAT TO 1430F WQ +
400F WQ

20 0
FTY

18
,/v T

16
2
J/
a? <>

g 10 .........
~t-
.
....
0
v-
1, 0
/ AVERAGE GRAINS PER SQUARE
INCH AT X100
6 o< <'>

.,
~
40 r'-- ~
I

r----
T

t:
....
IE CHARPYV ZERO DEGREES-F
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
NUMBER OF RAPID HEAT (16F PER
SECOND)+ WQ CYCLES
FIG. 3.03314 EFFECT OF RAPID AUSTENITIZING ON GRAIN
SlZE AND ZERO DEGREES F IMPACT STRENGTH
OF PLATE (17) T.ABLE 3
rt:un
FERROUS ALLOYS RELEASED: MARCH 1969

Fe
5 Ni
0.55 Cr
0.47 Mo
0.075V

5Ni CrMoV

40
IE CHARPY V ZERO DEGREE8-F

(*)AS QUENCHED

400 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F

FIG. 3.03315 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMP.ERATURE ON ZERO

DEGREES F IMPACT STRENGTH OF SEVERAL HEATS
OF PLATE (49)(19) TABLE 2

220 ~----~-----r----~------~----~
Fe-.11C-5N1-.55Cr-.47Mo -.07V
2 INCH PLATE

0
150
147
L HEAT A
L}HEAT
t::. 147 T B

160 COMPACT
TENSION
SPECIMEN
B =1Y,. = 2 INCH
120 2

Klc
~
80

~
40
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100

TEMPERATURE F
FIG. 3.03722 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURE ON PLANE
STRAIN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF PLATE FROM
TWO HEATS (40)
 FeUH
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

l.J 200 .---.--- ....---" ""'T--- ..-----.

Fe-,11C-5N i-.55Cr-.47 Mo-. 07V
liNCH AND 2 INCH PLATE Fe
lSOOF, 40 MIN WQ +
180 l---'lo:,---1 140F, (1 TO 2 HR) WQ 5 Ni
0.55 Cr
0.47 Mo
~ 160
0.075V

140 THICK R,T, FTY 5Ni CrMoV

0
liNCH
:!INCH
137 KSI
138 KSI
120
100

80 Klc

ASTM E-24 TEST

METHOD
60

l
f 1.3
~
~
I
40
T
FATIGUE CRACKED
{)
BEND SPECIMEN
20
-300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMPERAT URE F
i FIG. 3,03723 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERAT URE
'--~ ON PLANE STRAIN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS
OF PLATE (21) FIG. 5

160r-----~------r-------
-~
Fe-.11C-5N I-.55Cr-.47 Mo-.07V
liN PLATE
1500F, lHR WQ + llSOF, lHR WQ
(RT FTY= 143 KSI)
120

MINIMIUM CREEP RATE, PERCENT Pr.R HOUR

FIG. 3.041 MINIMUM CREEP RATE FOR PLATE
 FERROUS ALLOYS RELEASED: MARCH 1969

160
Fe Fe- .11C-5Ni-. 55Cr-. 47Mo-. 07V
liN PLATE
5 Ni 1500F, lHR WQ + 1160F, lHR WQ (FTY=143 KSI)
0.55 Cr
-r-- I""- ........
120
0.47 Mo SOOF

0.075V
~ 80
90~ ~ ....
5Ni CrMoV
~~
40
1~ ~
~ ~
~
I'-iC>-- .A
r-
0
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

TIME, HR

FIG. 3.042 CREEP RUPTURE STRENGTH OF PlATE (23) TABLE 4

, .. ,

10-1
Fc-.11C-5Ni-.55 Cr-.47Mo-.07V
liNCH PLATE
:::: 1500F, 40 MIN WQ + 1150F, 1 HOUR WQ
~
~
r.:l
p..
::::
0
AIR
ASTM SEA WATER
~
r.:l
0 lo-2

'
~
I iS
I ~
I ...:l
<
CANTILEVER
BEND SPECIMEN
I E-o
0 WIDTH =2 1/2 INCH
E-o
20CPM
10-3
10 2 103 10 4 105 106
'3 CYCLES TO FAILURE (3/16 IN CRACK)
~ FIG. 3.051 LOW CYCLE FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF PLATE IN AIR
AND SYNTHETIC SEA WATER (13) page 15 and 16
ll
 FeUH
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

o.o25r---------~----~----------~--~----------,
Fe-.11C-5Ni-.55Cr-.47Mo-.07V Fe
1 INCH PLATE (FTY= 147 KSI)
5 Ni
0.020 0.55 Cr
Kt=1 Kt=6 0.47 Mo
0
.t.
A
AIR, 1CPM
SALTWATER
0.075V
(SERVERN RIVER)
0.3CPM
5 Ni CrMoV
21/4 R

~
t~--- ~
0.010

~F
0
CANTILEVER -......:.
t V BEND SPECIMENS ~
0,005 ~ 2 1/ZINCH WIDE

.010R~0.01
NOTCH DETAIL Kt = 6
0~--------~~~~------~----~~----~
102 103 104
CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 3.052 EFFECT OF STRESS CONCENTRATIONS AND BRACKlSH RIVER WATER
ON LOW CYCLE FATIGUE CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATE (18) App, A

120
Fe-.11C-5Ni-. 55Cr-. 47Mo-. 07V
!
2 INCH PLATE
1500F, 13/4 HOUR WQ + 1050F, 2 HOUR WQ (FTY= 148 KSI)

100 Kt =I Kt= 6

~
\ Am

~
0 [;. SALTWATER
(SERVERN RIVER)
80 \
\ \ p --~
------..~
60 \ \

~
\'
\ .....
\ ~

'\
\
""
20
ROTATING
CANTILEVER
R= -1 A =00
- ~" " o-.....,_
'r--- ..............

, ..,_,
0
10>3
I
10 4 10 5 10 6
CYCLES TO FAILURE
10 7
"-........
~......_

- r--
'l;)......_
k._

FIG. 3. 053 EFFECT OF STRESS CONCENTRATIONS AND BRACKISH RIVER WATER ON FATIGUE STRENGTH
OF PLATE (18) App. A
 FERROUS ALLOYS RELE:ASED: MARCH 1969

:~ ),'

35,---------~----------~--------~ '-.,. .1

Fe Fe-.llC -5Nl-. 55Cr-.47Mo-. 07V

1/2 TO 2 INCH PLATE
5 Ni QUENCH AND TEMPER (FTY= 137 TO 143 KSI)
0.55 Cr
0.47 Mo
0.075V

5Ni CrMoV

~ 20r-----------~------------~~~~~----~
0
0
~

TENSION
LANDT
5r----------+----------~--~~--~

3sr-----------~----------~----------~
KSI Fe-.llC -5NI-.55Cr-.47Mo-, 07V
FIG, 3.0641 RANGE OF TANGENT AND SECANT TENSION MODULI FOR 1/2 TO 21NCH PLATE
PLATE OF SEVERAL THICKNESSES (8) QUENCH AND TEMPER (FCYQ 140 to 148 KSI)

20

~
0
0
15
....0

10 COMPRESSION
LANDT
';::.

'
5

OL---------~----------~----~--~
,. 40 80 120 160
KSI
FIG, 3. 0642 RANGE OF TANGENT AND SECANT COMPRESSION MODULI
FOR PLATE OF SEVERAL THICKNESSES (8)
 FeUH
RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

L'
160 120
Fe-.11C-5 NJ-.55Cr -.47Mo-.0 7V
Fe-.11C- 5NI-.55C r-.47Mo- . 07V
1 1/2 INCH PLATE
1 :;NOH PLATE Fe
1500F. 40 M1N WQ + 1130F 1 1/2 HR WQ
GMA WELD Mn-NJ-Qr -Mo-WIR E
140
100 (see TABLE 4.0313) +STRESS RELIEF
5 Ni
ROLLING RATIO
FOR SPECIME N LOCATION SEE TABLE 4,0311 0.55 Cr
120
0
0.9:1 FTy= 140 KSI
1. 8:1 F TY = 146 KSI 80
TEST TEMPERA TURE F 0.47 Mo
rn 750 00 0.075V
~
I
!-< 100 60
0
0
S.R. 16 HOUR
S. R. 100 HOUR }
COOL
200F/HR 5Ni CrMoV
6 S. R. 16 HOUR + 100F/ HR
"" ..... i TO 1150F, WQ
~
'q
80
' 40

' ~~
-4

60 IECHAR PYV
ZERO DGREES -F
'------ 20

0 ~ .-
40 I IECHAR PYV
0
0 30
60 90 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150
SPECIMEN ORIENTATION-DEGREE
TEMPERA TURE F
FIG. 4. 0121 EFFECT OF SPEelMA N ORIENTATION ON
FIG .. 0331 EFFECT OF STRESS RELIEF ON IMPACT STRENGTH
ZERO DEGREES F IMPACT STRENGTH OF
OF GMA Mn-Nt-cr -Mo WELDMENTS (29) TABLES 3,
PLATES GIVEN DIFFERE NT ROLLING
4 and 6
RATIOS. (RATIO OF THICKNESS REDUCTION
IN FINAL, I. E. LONGITUDINAL, DffiECTION
TO PRIOR REDUCTION IN TRANSVERSE
DmECTIO N) (1) (4)
t.

140 . . - - - - . . . - - - - . . . . - - - - - - - . . - - - - - . ,
Fe-.11C- 5NI-. 55Cr-;47Mo-. 07V
1 INCH THICK PLATE
0,045 INCH 5N1.Cr-M o-V wmE 1oor----...-----r---
---~---...----~
120 1---- --.--- -...,- ----- ..---- -i Fe-.11C- 5NI-.55C r-.47Mo- . 07V
CONV. 1 INCH PLATE
GTA GMA WELDED (FTY= 140-145 KSI)

100 HOTWIRE 80
GTA I CONV. C Mn-Nt-cr -Mo wmE (TABLE 4.0313)
I GMA I o e SCr-Mo-V WIRE (TALBE 1.04)
rn
I I
Pl 80
.... 60
I I
f-<
"" 60 OF

/
~ 40
1025 F LB HR
/
/ 200 F /HR COOL l_

-
f-<

8 LB /HRRAT E "' /
44 Kj /IN (ARC) 20
20
.,...
IE CHARPY V (SEE TABLE 4.0311) IECHAR PYV
0 L-_ _ _. __ _ _. __ _ _ ~--~

0
10 15 20 25 30 -120 -40-so 0 40 80
NUMBER OF WELD BEADS TEMPERA TUllE F
FIG. 4. ~ 121 IMPACT STRENGTH OF WELDS MADE BY FIG. 4.0332 EFFECT OF STRESS RELIEF TREATMENTS ON
IMPACT
SEVERAL PROCESSES AS INFLUENCED BY THE STRENGTH OF GMA WELDMENTS WITH TWO FILLER WIRES
NUMBER OF BEADS (32) FIG. 4 (28) FIG. 8
 r-eUH
FERROUS ALLOYS RELEASED: MARCH 1969

Fe
5 Ni
0.55 Cr
0.47 Mo
0.075V

5 Ni CrMoV

180
Fe-.11C-5Ni-. 55Cr-.47Mo-. 07V
2 INCH PLATE WELDMENTS
160

140

120

~~
'f. 100
~
I'
'1.
' 80
A TESTED IN Alll.

~

t, 0

[; SMA (FOR ELF.CTRODJ>

~
1:. A } SEE TABLE 4. 0313)
GO

-
UJ
::.:
0 0 GMA INTERRUPTED
All.C (WIRE TABLE 4.0313)

I
I
.05 IN DEEP, 0.01 IN RADIUS
,. (! 40
I===::;;:;;;;;;;;;;;:;;;;J _[ "V" NOTCH SIDE GROOVES
II
''V" NOTCH AT WELD
20 I'QI=== ~ PARALLEL TO WELD
T -
0.2 IN FATIGUE CRACK
FATIGUE CRACKED CANTILEVER BEND
SPECIMEN-NOT CH SECTION (SEE ALSO FIG. 4.0353)
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
TIME HOURS
FIG. 4.0352 SUSTAINED LOAD CRACK FAILURE BEIIAVIOil. IN 3 PEil.CENT
NaCI FOil. PLATE WELDED BY SEVERAL PROCESSES (34)
TABLES A-1 to A3
 RELEASED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

.~ '.
":;,
1Sor-----~-----T----~------~-----r----~

Fe-.11C-6N1-.55Cr-.47Mo-.07V Fe
2 INCH PLATE.
SMA WELD FLAT (ELECTRODE TABLE 4.0313) 5 Ni
160 WEI.O FTV = 136 KBI
0.55 Cr
0.47 Mo
0.075V

5 Ni CrMoV
120

100 .C. TESTED IN AIR

0

oCRACK PARALLEL
.c.CRACK PERPENDICULAR
~

Too
80

~I ,
>..
'
45o "
I '
IP
a 60 2 w
::.::
_L ~ IP
CRACK J. TO WELD CRACK II TO WELD
40

"'-<,
20

0
UITJmr- 10-+- 7
FATIGUE CRACK
) SIDE GROOVED
CANTILEVER
BEND SPECIMEN
(SEE ALSO
FIG. 4. 0352)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

TIME, HOURS
FIG. 4.0353 SUSTAINED LOAD CRACK FAILURE BEHAVIOR IN 3 PERCENT
NaCI FOR TWO ORffiNTATIONS IN SMA WELDS ~35), TABLES
A and 5

.o2or-------------~------~----------~--------~------------~
Fe-.11C-6N1-. 55Cr-.47Mo-. 07V
1 INCH PLATE WELDED

0 D
Am
ABTM SEA WATER
} GMA 1/16" ELECTRODE
320 AMPS 12 lPM
.016
.c. AIR-BMA 3/16 ELECTRODE, 210 AMPS, 51PM

e 0 .C. FAILED IN WELD METAL

0 FAILED IN HAZ

0~~------------~-----L~
104
--------~~------~------
10 5
----~
103
NUMBER OF CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 4.0361 LOW CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF GMA WELDS IN AIR AND ABTM SEA WATER
(26) page 14 and 25
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS RELEASED: MARCH 1969

'
1\.
REFERENCES
Fe
1. L. F. Porter et. al., "The Development or an Hy130(T)
5 Ni Steel Weldment," u.s. Steel Applied Research
Laboratory, Report 39. 018-001 (64), NOBS 88540
0.55 Cr (July 1, 1966)
2. "Interim SpecificaUon Cor Hy130 and Hy140 Steel
0.47 Mo Plates," u.s. Steel Applied Research Laboratory
0.075V (March 16, 1966)
3. S.J. Manganello, L.F. Porter, and R.J. Sitko,
"Efiect of Sulphur on Mechanical Properties o( :; Nl-
Cr-Mo Steel," Ibid Report No. 39.018-001 (45),
5Ni CrMoV NOBS 88540 (July 1, 1965)
4. S.J. Manganello and L.F. Porter, "ECfect of Rolling
Ratio on the Anlsotrophy or 5Ni-Cr-Mo Steel Plates,"
lbld Report No. 40.018-001 (36), NOBS 88540
(December 1, 1964)
5. S.J. Manganello, L.F. Porter, and R.J. Sitko,
"Efiect of Variations in Phosphorus, Vanadium,
Nitrogen, Aluminum, and Oxygen on the Mechanical
Properties o( 5NI-Cr-Mo Steel," lbld Report No.
39.018-013 (1), NOBS 94535 (FBM) (January 1, 1967)
6. Ibid, "Suitahlllty of 5Ni-Cr-Mo Steels as Forgings,"
U.S. Steel Applied Research Laboratory, Report No.
39.018-001 (53) (January 1, 1966)
7. s. J. Manganello, L. F. Porter, F. W. Simpson, and
R.W. Zahelsky, Ibid Report No. 39.018-001 (57)
(January 1, 1966)
8. T.L. Bohlenz, J.M. Fisher, and s. T. Rolfe, "Secant
and Tangent Moduli Values Cor 5Ni-Cr-Mo-V Steel,"
lbld Report No. 39.018-001 (54) (January 1, 1966)
9. S.R. Novak, J.A. Kozub, and s. T. Rolfe, "Short
Time Cryogenic and Elevated Temperature Tensile
Properties of HySO, 5Ni-Cr-Mo and 21/4Cr-1Mo
Steels," Ibid Report No. 39.018-001 (50)
(November 1, 1965)
10. A. H. Rosenstein and M.R. Gross, "Properties or
Hy130, 5NI-Cr-Mo-VSteel," Summary, Naval Ship
Research and Development Center, Marine Engineering
Laboratory, Report 2448 (September, 1967)
11. T. L. Boblenz and s. T. Rolfe, "Efiect or Cold Forming
on Charpy V-Notch Impact Properties or 5NI-Cr-Mo-V
Steel," u.s. Steel Applied Research Laboratory Report
No. 39.018-001 (46), NOBS 88540 (July 1, 1965)
12. Dlid, "ECfect of Cold Forming on Tensile and Compres-
sive ProperUes of 5Ni-Cr-Mo-V Steel," U.S. Steel
Applied Research Laboratory, Report No. 39.018-001
(55), NOBS 88540 (Jan!W")' 1, 1966)
13. lbld, "Corrosion FaUgue CharacterisUcs of HySO,
5Ni-Cr-Mo-V, 12Ni-5Cr-3Mo and 18Ni-8Co-3Mo
Steels," Ibid Report No. 39.018-002 (37), NOBS
88540 (January 1, 1966)
14. A. W. Loglnow, "Cor~'llslon and Stress Corrosion
of Hy130 (T) and HySO Steel in Marine Envirorunents,"
lbld Report No. 39.001-100 (2) (July 15, 1967)
15. L. P. Connor, L. F. Porter, s. T. Rolfe, "Second
Progress Report: Extended lnvesUgaUon of Hy130/150
Weldments," U.S. Steel Applied Research Laboratory,
Report No. 39.018-016 (4), NOBS 94535 (FBM)
(August 1, 1967)
16. L. F. Porter ct. al., "Eighth Progress Report
Development of an Hy130/150 Wcldment," U.s. Steel
Applied Research Laboratory, Report No. 39.018-001
(58), NOBS 88540 (January 1, 1966)
17. D.S. Dabkowski and L. F. Porter, "Effect of Rapid
Heat TreaUng Parameters on the Mechanical Properties
of 5NI-Cr-Mo-V Steel," U.S. Steel Applied Research
Laboratory, NOBS 94535 (FBM), Report No. 39.018-
007 (13) (August 1, 1967)
18. R.C. Schwab and M.R. Gross, "FaUgue Properties of
5NI-Cr-Mo-V, Hy130/150 Steel," Marine Engineering
Laboratory (MEL), Report 365/65 (October 1965)
19. W.H. Asche and M.R. Gross, "Effect of Tempering
on the Strength, Hardness, and Notch Toughness of
Hy130/150, 5NI-Cr-Mo-V Steel," Marine Engineering
Laboratory (MEL), Report 7J./66 (March, 1966)
 .RELEASED: MARCH 1969 ~L..L..V ,_,

20. G. C. Carter, T. L. Boblenz, IUIII L. F. Porter, 41. L.F. Porter, G.C. Carter, and S.J. Manganello,
"Effect of Cold Deformation and Stress Relief "A Study o[ Temper Embrlttlement During Strer. Fe
Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Standard Relieving of 5Ni-Cr-Mo-V Steels," ASTM STP oW~
and Low Manganese Hyl30 (T) Steel," u.s. Steel page 20 5 Ni
Applied Research Laboratory, Report No. 39.018-013 42. S. T. Rolfe, "Formability of Thick 5Ni-Cr-Mo-V
(4), NOBS 94535 (FBM) (August 1, 1967) Steel Plat6s," u.s. Steel Applied Research Laboratory 0.55 Cr
21. A.K. Shoemaker, and s. T. Rolfe, "Static and Dynamic Report No. 39.018-001 (40) (March 1, 1965) 0.47 Mo
Low-Temperature Kic Behavior of Steels," Ibid 43. T. W. Crooker and E.ll. Lange, "Corrosion Fatigue
Report No. 39.018-007 (16), NOBS 94535 (FBM) Crack Propagation in Modern High Performance 0.075V
Structural Steels", Trans ASM Volume 60, 1967, p,l98. L-----~
(December 29, 1967)
22. D.P. Clausing, "Effect of Stress Relief Treatments 44. i:l.J. Manganello et.al., "Development of a IUgb Tough-
on Dimensional Stability of Hy130Cf) Steel Compo- ness Alloy Plate Steel with a Minimum Yield Strength 5 Ni CrMoV
nents," Ibid (August 1, 1967) o[ 140 ksi," Welding Journal (November 1964) page 1
23. W. F. Domis, "creep and Creep Rupture Propertie~ of 45. A.M. Rathbone, L. P. Connor, and J.H. Gioss,
Hy80 and Hy130(T) Steels," U.s. seel Applied ; ''Weldability of a mgh Toughness Alloy Plate steel
Research Laboratory, Report No. 39.012-006 (1) With a Minimum Y!ctd Strength of 140 ksi," Ibid
(July 15, 1968) (Decembr, 1,54.) page 8
24. H. P. Leckie and A. W. Loglnow, "A Comparison of 46. K,E. Dorschu and A. Lesnew!ch, "Development of a
the Stress Corrosion Behavior of Some High Strength Filler Metal for a IUgh Toughness Alloy Plate \\1 th a
Steels," u.s. Steel Applied Research Laboratory, Minimum Yield ftrength of 140 ksi," Ibid (December,
Report No. 39.001-001 (2), NOBS 94535 (FBM) 1964) page 21
(July 15, 1968) 47. S.T. :'lolfe, R,P. Haak, andJ.H. Gross,
25. S.R. Novak, "Effect of Plastic Strain on the Klscc "structural Suitability of a High Toughness Alloy Plate
Weldment \\1 th a Minimum Yield Strength of 140 ksi,"
of Hy80, Hy130 (T) and 12Ni-5Cr-3Mo steels", Ibid (J"->lury, 1965) page 34
Ibid Report No. 39.018-007 (20) (January 1, 1968) 48. Material:. Development and Application Offlce,NA VSEC
26. T. L. Boblenz and s. T. Rolfe, "l.Dw Cycle Fatigue Code 61010, Washington, D.C.
Characteristics of Hy130 Cf) Weldments," Ibid Report 49. L,F, Porter, U.S. Steel, Personal Communication
No. 39.018-006 (6), Ibid (June 1, 1967) w\th w. F. Brown Jr. (1968)
27. R. M. Orehoski, J.P. Paulina, and A, M. Rathbone,
"Effects of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical
Properties of Hy130 (T) Steel Weld Metals," Ibid
Report No. 39.018-014 (1) (January 1, 1967)
28. L. F. Porter, A.M. Rathbone and s. T. Rolfe,
"First Progress Report, EXtended lnvesllgaUon of
Hy130/150 Weldments," Ibid Report No. 39.018-016
(1) (January 1, 1967)
29. P. J. Konkol, "Stress Relief Embrittlement of Hy130
(T) Weld Metals," Ibid Report No. 39.018-013 (2)
(August 1, 1967)
30. L.P. Connor, L.F. Porter, and S.T. Rolfe,
"Third Progress Report, Extended Investigation of
Hy130/150 Weldments," Ibid Report No. 39.018-016
(8) (January, 1968)
31. Ibid, "Fourth Progress Report, Extended Investigation
of Hy130/150 Weldmcnts," Ibid Report No. 39.018-
016 (9) (July 1, 1968)
32. J. J. Pepe, "Preliminary Study of tlul Hot Wire GTA
Welding Process", Ibid Report Nr,. ~9.018-017 (1)
(.Tanuary 1, 1968)
33. C. F. Tiffany, J.N. Masters, tllld H. E. Regen, "A
study of Weldments and Pressur Ves~els made of
l!y150 Steel Plates," The Boeing c.~mPIIIY NASA
CR. 72155 (Jonuary 1967)
34. J.H. Smith and S.J. Rolfe, "Effects oi Welding
Position and Progress on the KlscQ.. of Hy130 (T)
Weld Metals," U.S. Stoel Applied itescarch
Laboratory, Report No. 39,018-016 (7), NOBS
94535 (FBM) (January 1, 1968)
35. J.ll. Smith and S. T. Rolfe, "Efiect of Notch
Orientation on Klscc o[ Weld Metal," Ibid Report NP.
37.018-016 (5) (December 29, 1967)
36. J. P. Paulina and L. F. Porter, "Microstructures In
lly130(T) Steel Plates," Ibid Report No. 39,018-006 ('1.)
(July 1, 1968)
37. Interim Technical Data, Hy130(T} and Hyl40(T),
U.S. Steel, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
36. AST!II A579-67 Alloy 12, ASTIII Standards Pt4,
January 1968) page 890
39. "I..:Jrgc Motor Case Technology Evaluntion. 11 First
Year Summary Progress Report, The Boeing Company,
AF Contract AF33(615) -1623(Junc, 1965)
40. s. T. RolCe, "Cooperative Program on Testing o[
Medium Strength !Ugh Toughness Materials, letter to
J.l\1. Kraft, Chairman, ASTM E24, Slb W
(September 27, 1968)
'... ---~
 I ,._'-'I I

REVISEOr MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GRNERAL 1.072 Bar, tubing and forgings are usually supplied In the nor-
3QOM Is an ultra high strength low alloy steel which malized and tempered condition, (8, p.l). Fe
combines hlgh hardenablllty with relatively good impact
strength and ductllity. It Is being used primarily In the
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice. Blectrlc furnace air melt.
Induction and consumable electrode vacuum melts are
0.43 c
!orm o! tar, tubing and forgings, heat treated to Ftu =
270 to 300 ksi. The steel is oJso available In other wrouglt l.u9
also a valll!ble. 1.8 Ni
Special ConslOeratio<>S. Sec 4340.
forms and, experimentally, In lorm o! sand castings also.
Orlg!aally this steel was made with 0. 40 percent carbon,
1.6 Si
b.It to obtain the hlgh strength the carbon content has been 2. PHYSICAL AND CHBMICAL i'.R.OPHRTIRS 0.8 Cr
raised 11> 0. 43 percent. The alloy can he !<'rmL'<I, 1-..t
welding Is not generally reo>mmended. ~ 0.4 Mo
" Ol :!!.:':!~~::~
1.01 CommercU!l Designation. 30.:1-M.
"2.011
l.012
M:lti~ r.!ngt:
Phoulc changes. Titls steel transforms from ausrenlte to
+ v
ferrite. Critical temperatures: Act = 1400 F, Ac3 =
1.02 Alternate OeslllJUltion. lncn Ultra High Strength Steel, 1480 F. Art= 650 F, Ar3 = 7851:, (6, iJ.19).
Trlcent (obsulete). 300-M
Other _Physical Properties. Sec 4340.
1.03 Speclilcations. None.
2.03 Chemical Properties. Similar to 4340.
1.04 Composition. Table I. 04. 2. 031 At Its hlgh strength level this steel is very susceptible
to hydrogen embrlttlement and the Introduction of
hydrogen caMot be tolerated. See 4340.

2. 04 Nuclear Properties

TABLR' 04
!nco (1)
- !nco (2, p. 2)
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIRS

Source Old Comp NewGomp 3.01 Specified Mechanical Properties

Percent 3.011 Fabricator's specWed transverse tensile properties !or
Percent
Min Max short transverse specimens from bar. rublng and
Min Max
forsJngs, Table 3. Oil.
Carbon 0.38 0.43 0,40 0.45
Manganese 0.60 0.90 0.65 0.90 TA.Rl.R 3 0
Sllicon 1.50 I. 70 1.45 1.80 Source Bendix 3, Tbl. 1

-- --
Phoaphorus 0.04 0.025 Allov 300-M
Sulfur 0.04 0.025 1..-n-;:;;, R.Ar forvtnlrS.
Chromium 0.70 0.95 0.65 0.90 Condition 1700 F, 1 br, AC + 1600 F,
Nickel 1.80 2.00 1.6~ 2.00 lhr,OQorSQ+575F , 2x2hr
Molybdenum 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.45 Test bar
Vanadium
Aluril!num
0,05
0.05
0.10
0.08
0.05

- Ftu min- ksl
(Shon)T Mldwav
270
Iron &lance RA, min .. percent lC
""'~ min av - oercent
P lne grain must be Insured 15

3.0U Specified hardness lor normalized and tempered material.

Bar, 241 BHN maxlmum, I! cold finished 269 BHN m.uimiJJl
Tubing, hot flnlhed 99 RB maxlmum, cold finished 25 RC
1.05 Heat Treatment maxlmum, (3, p. 1).
1.051 Normalize. 1675 to 1725 F, for times see Fig. 4. 042,
3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
air cool to 250 F maxlmum, (8, p. I).
3.021 Hardness of heat treated mnrerial, 53 to 55 RC, (3, p. 2).
1.052 Temper normallzed cond!tl<'!, for mar.l,l.o.blllty. 1250 F
3.022 RUect of carbon content on mechan.ical properties o! tar,
maxlmum, (8, p. 1).
Fig. 3.0Z2.
1.053 Spheroidize anm"'al. 1430 F, ..:ool 10 F per hr to 1200 F
3.023 E!fcct of tempering temperature on tensile properties of
and 20 F per hr ""' ~0 F, air cool to :n.om fcmpcraturc.
Hardness should be about 17 RC,(6,p.2l). bar heat treated In !ull size, Fig. 3. 023.
Austenltlze. 1525 to 1625 F, preferably 1575 to 1625 F, 3.024 RUect o! as quenched section size on mechanical
1.054
!or times sec Fig. 4. 042. Normallzlng should precede properties o! bar, Fig. 3. 024.
austenltizing. 3.025 Transverse ensile properties o! test tara from a
1.055 Cool after austcnltizlng. nasbless forging, Table 3. 025.
1. U551 Oil quench. Oil temperature 75 tu i40 P. (8, p. 2).
1. 0552 Salt quench. Salt temperature 390 to 410 F, hold 10 min, TABLE 3.025
air cool to 160 F maxlmum, (8, p. 2). Source (4)
1.056 Temper. 500 to 600 F, I to 4 br, preferably 550 to 600 F. Form Forgings with tab.IIar section.
2 x 2 hr. Tempering outside of this range Is not recom- 8 3/4 In 01), 5 ll/l6in ID
mended. Effect of tempering temperature on tensile prop- (5 heats, i9 test tars)
erties of sheet, Fig. I. 056. (8, p. 2).
1. 057 Experiments on heat treating by air coollng from Condition 1700 F + 1525F, 30 min OQ
austcnltlztng temperature of 0. 080 tn sheet and of 1 tn + 575, 2x2 hr
diameter bar resulted in t~nsion propcrUcs idcntlcaJ to I Tct bar T - Heat treated as test bars
those of material hardened by oil quenching, except for 2
slightly lower reduction o( area for the air cooled bu. Min Max below av

i.06 Ha<denahll!ry. End quench hnrdenability, Fig. I. 06. Ftu -

ksl 274 297 274
Fey -
ki 242 268 239
e 4.4 10.9 4. 7
1.07 Forms and Conditions Available -percent
RA 11.6 41 12.8
1.071 nus steel ts avallahlc 1n all formL' s-nd sizes common fr>r
97.5 pcrceut above this value
low aUoy steels.

CODE 1217
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVIS ED MARC H 1963

3.026 Mectw:.lcal properti es of a forging, Table 3. 026.

Fe that the carbon content Is reduced . Laborat ory tests
on
sand cast specime ns have shown that alter oil quenchin
0.43 c and temperin g at 600 F the following strength values
g
can be obtained, about 200 ksi Cor 0. 18 percent
carbon
1.8 Ni and 265 ksl for o. 35 percent carbon. To reduce quench
cracking some tests suggest a procedu re consisti ng
1.6 Si or
normaliz ing at 2250 F, austenld zing !or !650 F, I hr,
TARLR 3,026 cooling to 1350 F, oil quenchin g and temperi ng at 600
0.8 Cr -Source 5 Tbl. 7, 8 9 F,
-~o-;;-,..;;- two times !or 6 hr.
~n fMaln<>9Jn ID mo,hinPA
0.4 Mo (;ondltlon 1700 F, 4 hr + 1600 F, 4 hr, OQ 4.02 Machining. MaclUnlng Is best perform ed In the
+ v 1---- +500 F, 4 hr sphereodiztld condition. Machining of materia l heat
Tthru treated to 5.2 to 54 RC Is possible , using heavy
Test bar L T Flash line equipment, very rigid tool supports and suitable
300- M Ftu --
l<sl 296.6 295.6 271
cutting Ilulds.
Fry ksl 241.7 4.03 Welding. All the usual methods whl~h are applied to
238.5 236.7 ultra
e - percent 8 4 high strength steels can be used with this steel.
1
RA percent 23.0 9.4 4.8 4.04 H"oting and Heat Treating
IB Charpy V - It lb 18 9 7 Heating and cooling can be perform ed at any desired
4.041 rate,
Hardnes s, RC 54.5 54.5 54.5 alt.'lough preheati ng before and slow cooling alter forging
Notch strength ,KN10 Is generall y Indicated for air hardenin g steels.
Room temp - ksl 303 262 264.5 4.042 Times recomm ended !or normali zing and austenlt lzlng,
-1\<Q - ksl 287 256 247 Fig. 4. 042.
Heat treated full size
4.05 Surface Treating . This steel Is recomm ended for carbur-
lzlng. A !'9Se of about 0. 025 In Is obtained on pack car-
burlzlnlf at 1650 F; 12 hr.

3.027 Stress concentrauon effects

3. 0271 Effect of temperin g tempera ture on notch strength of
sheet, Fig. 3. 0271.
3.0272 Effects of stress concentr atlon and melting practlce
on
notch strength of sheet, Fig. 3. 0272.
3.0273 . Effects of stress concentr ation, &lze of
test epr'Cimen
and test directio n on notch strength ratio of bar
tected
at room tempera ture, Fig. ~.. 0273.
3.03 Mectw:.lcal Pro.pert ies at Various Temper atures
3.031 Short time tenalon properti es
3.0311 Stress strain curves at low test tempera tures, F lg.
3.0311.
3.0312 Effect of test tempera ture on tensile properti es of bar,
FIg. 3. 0312.
3. 0313 Effects of test tempera ture, holding time and strain rate
on tensile properti es of sheet, Fig. 3. 0313,
3.032 Short time properti ee other than tension
3. 0321 Effect of low test tempera ture on Impact strength or
bar
with two dliieren t carbon contents , Fig. 3. 0321.
3,0322 Effect of test tempera ture on lmp:.ct strength of heavy
sections In the longitud inal and transver se directio ns,
Fig. 3. 0322. 320r --r--- -..--- --..-- --,--- -..,... ....,
3.033 Static stress concentration etJects Fe-(0. 43C)-l. SNJ-1. 6St-o. aer-o. 4Mo+V
3.0331 Effect of low test tempera ture on notch strength or bar, Fru 0. 063 lN SHEET
Fig. 3. 0331. 1700 F, 1/2 HR, FC
3.0332 Effects of test tempera ture and stress concentr ation 1600 F ,1/2HR, OQ
on
notch strength of sheet, Fig. 3. 0~~32. + MPBR, 1 HR
3.04 0.40C
Creep and Creep Rupture Propert..=!.

3.05 Fatigue Properti es.

3.051 S-N curves for smooth and notched bar specime ns In
longitudinal and transver se directio ns, Fig. 3. 051.

3.06 Blastic Properti es

3.061 MOduiiiiiOTelnsticity at low tempera tures, Fig. 3. 061.
.,
~-
FABRICATION. Similar to thnt <f other ultra high
strength ~tetls, see 4340.

4.01 ~l:"g and C'.asting

4.,011 General . Sheet has best formabll lty In the sphereod
condition.
lzed 400 bOO seq 1000 1200
4. 012 Forging. Starting tempera ture 2250 F maximum , TF.MPBRING TEMP - F
fL'Iishing tempera ture 1700 F minimum . FIG. 1.056 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
4.01.3 Casting. 300-M appears suitable for casting provided ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET
(ll, p. 848)

r.nn~
~'7
 FeUH
REVISEDMARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
,-
'
<:..__,.;
360

~
Pe-(0. ~~-1. aNI-1, 6SI-D. aer-o, 4Mo+V Pe-(0. 43C)-l. axi11-1. 6St-o. aer-o. 4Mo+V Fe
NORM 1700 P+ AU! T 1650 P BAR
Ia
70
(~ 1650 P +1575 F, OQ +TBMPBR, 2x3 HR 0.43 c
320
~ 0,46(: 1.8 Ni
~ r--
~so PTU
1.6 Si
:j
<. o .roc 2aO
I
r---... 0.8 Cr
~50 0 ~
~ 0.4 Mo
~
a 16 24 32 40
DJSTANCB PROM QUBNCHBD BND SIXTBBNrn INCH

PIG. 1, 06 BND QUBNCH HARDBNABILITY

(12)
240

/
v;>
.............
-- ~
~

PTY
.........
+ v
300-M

v
200
e 5 3/4 IN } TBST BARS
Q3IN MIDWAY
j llliN
160
40

~~
-....;;;::
~
RA
20 /
~
Ill
~0
~~ ~
ie 20 e_j2 IN)

0
200
r

300 400 500 600

TBMPBRING TBMP - P
700 - 800

o+ PIG. 3, 023 BFFECT OF TBMPBRING TBMPBRATURB ON TBNSILB

PllOPBRTIES OF BAR HEAT TRBATBD IN FULL liiZE
(6, PIG. 2)

T (0. 4~C)l. 8N1!.6SIO. 8Cr0.4Mo+V

BAR
1650 F + 1575 P, 0Q + 600 F, 2x3 HR
320
MIDWAY I I_
TEST liA S FOR 3 NO 5 3/4 ~ 0
~
FTU

280
FTY
Q
~
240

0
40
OL
eT - ~
RA

' 1---o
.....
.......
20
e
~

--~
0
IBCHARPY V 70 F
20
SOF r-.:::::: N ~ ~
0
0.36 0.40 o."" o. 48 0. 52
~ ~

CARBON CONTENT PBRCENT 0

0 5
2 3 " 6
AS QUENCHED SECTION DlA IN
PIG. 3. 022 BPPBCT OF CARBON CONTENT ON
MECHANICAL PROPBR'I'Iml OR BAR FIG. 3. 024 EFFECT OF AS QUENCHED SECTION SIZE ON .MECHANICAL
(I)
PROPERTIES OF BAR (6, TBL. 2)
FeUH
FERRO US ALLOYS REVISED MARCHI96~

Fe 320r Fe-(0. 43C)-l. SNi-1. 6Si~O. 80r-0 .fMo+~ LB r---~~Fe-(0.

~~----43C)-1. ------
8Nl-l.6SlO .------
aer-o. 4Me>W-,
0.43 c 0. 063 IN SHBBT 0, 39C 41/4 IN BAR
1700 F, 1/2 HR, PC TO l60U F, I HR, +TBMPBR l HR
1.8 Ni 280 1----+---1-~--+- 1600 F ,1/2 HR, OQ
+'fBMI'BR, 1 HR
1.6 Si 0.~
0.8 Cr 240
0.4 Mo
+ v
5200
300-M
160

120

0 6 D=0.300IN
1 2 5 10,1 2 5 10
80 STRESS CONCENTR ATION FACTOR J:-
400 600 800 1000 1200
TBMPBR.JNG TEMP - F FIG. 3. 0273 EFFECTS OF STRESS CONCBm'R ATION SIZB
I'IG. 3,0271 I!FBCT OF TBMI'BRINGTBMPBRAUIRB ON OF TEST Sl'Ecn.mN AND TEST DIRBCTION
NOlCh STRENGTH OF SHBBT (U,p.848) ON NOTCH STRBNGTH RATIO OF BAR
TBSTBD AT ROOM TBMPBRATURB
(10, p.165)

320 c--:::--::::r:-:--::-::-:-T:':""-~..----..---...----..
Fe-(0. 43C)-J. &NI-l. 6Sl-O. aer-o. -M<>+V
360 . . . . - - - - - - - - - . . . . - - - - . - - _ _ , . . - - . . . , I IN BAR
Fe-(0. 43C)-.J. BNI-1. 6SI-o. 8Cr-o. 4M<>+V 1600 F, 4 HR, 0Q
0. 063 IN SHBET 280 + 600 F, 2 x 4 HRf---t---f=-~..,..~~--1
i700F, 30MIN, FCTO 0.40C
3W'~==~~====~===1~600:tF~,:1:HR::,QQe:+:~:::Ft,:1:HR::~

~ 240 1----f=--1---+--~.~L-::-}+-~+----1
OT 0.4-CC
L } CONS ELECTR
200 1--<\--1 ----1---.. +::6::..T .!.. VACUUM MELT

r4<CC

80

3 5 7
STRESS CONCEm'RATION FACTOR- K
I I I
9

I
11
I.
13

TENSION
... o. 045 o. 007 o. 004
0. 014
NOTCH RADIUS, r -IN
0. 0027 o. oY.ll9 0~~~
0
--~--L--~----~--~
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012
fiJG. 3, 0272 EFFECTS OF STRESS CONCENTRATION AND MELTJNG S1"RAAN - IN PER IN
PRACTICE ON NOTCH STRENGTH OF SHBRT FIG. 3.0311 STRESS STI<AIN CURVES AT LOW TEST TEMPERATURE
(13.p. 126)
(7, FIG. 15)

CODE 1?17 I
 FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

360 Fe-(0 .f3C)-l. SNi-1.651-o. aer-o. 4Mo+\ Fe-(0. 43C)-L SNIl. 651-o. ser-o.fl,iO+V Fe
BAR BAR
1600P, 0Q+600P, 2T04HR 0.43 c
~
1600 P, OQ + 600 P
320
1.8 Ni

l80 J. (\ ~ ~
..-. ...., 1.6
0.8
Si
Cr
" Fru 0.4 Mo

240

200
~
e 0. 38C, 3/ IN, TBMPBR 2 HR (6)

.6. 0, 40C, 1 IN, TBMPBR 2x4 HR

-- "
~

~~
!11
PTY

~
"
~
~
0
-300

PIG. 3, 03ll BPFBCT OF LOW TEST ~TURB ON llofl'ACI'.

STRBNG1H OF BAR WITH TWO DIFPBRBNT CARBON
CONTBNI'S
0

(!)(7;-Fig: 23)
100
+ v
300-M

160

V
.... RA

j-e....,V-
~

~"
L
-200
e
i

0
.. -
200 600
TBMP-P

PIG, 3, 0312 BPPBCI" OF LOW TBST TBMPBRATURB ON TBNSlLB

PROPBRTIBS OF BAR (6, Fig. 9)(7, Fig. 8) e-(0. 43C)-l. BNI-1. -o. aer-o. .fMo+V
20 EAR, PORGINGS--:::::io--~r---t
600 TO 1650 P, 0Q
+600P

Pe-(0. 43C.)-1. SNJ-1, 681-0. SCr-0. 4Mo+V

0. 063 IN SHBBT 2 00
1650F, OQ+600P, 2x3HR

~
........
' ~p l I 60
8

""
111

HBATBDTO 4
TBSTTBMP
WITHIN20SBC
160 80
~0
~
~
1-< 20

~
II.

~ 120 ~

~
PTY 16
HBAT TRBATBD
i:
II.
AS 'IUBB, 12 IN 00
~ 9 IN ID
80
f: HOLDING TIME 12
,f. e.6.30MIN
!:

t'
~.' !i: 20
.fO
0610SEC
STRAIN RATE
~o.oo30fiN
.6. 6
~IN
PERMIN ""' ~
"1~ 8
6 eL
OT
~
~ e ..JIIh 6T THRU
! a::
II!
0
1-'" -i t:S -- 4
-200 0
PLASH
100 200 300
800 900 1000 1100 1200 TBMP-F
TEMP- P
FIG. 3. 0322 BPPBCT OF TEST TBMI'BRATURB ON IMl'ACI"
PIG. 3. 0313 BPFBCTS OP TBST TBMPBRATIJRE, HOLDING STRENGTH OF HBAVY SBCI"IONS IN nm LON-
TIME AND STRAIN RATE ON TBNSU.E PROPERTIES GrruDINAL AND TRANSVERSE DIRBCI"IONS
01' SHEET (I) (IX6, Tbl. 4)
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

~--~~~-r----~----r---~----~~
Fe
----.
Fe-(o. 43C)-L.SNI-1. 651-D. SCr-0. 4Mo+V Pe-(0. 43C)-L.8 NI-L. 65.1-0. SCr-0. 4Mo+V
I
0.43 c 400
I
4 1/4 IN SQ BAR (0. 39C)
1600 F, OQ + SSO P, 8 HR.
1.8 Ni
liNBAR
1600 F, 4 HR. OQ / ~--~~--~~----~----~--~r---_,400 '
I
---
+600F, 2x4HR AXIAL LOAD
1.6 Si 360 R =1

~I
0.40C
'
0.8 Cr
/,....... r-~~~~,~~----+-----r---~----~300~~
0.4 Mo

I,
1-<

-
320
+ v I ...... t-Fru
__
I
300-M
i1
280
-
240 f
~

200

vI NOTCH STRENGTII
K.-..3

~6~
I
..:l
200 1--::-:::-::-::1-----..P.~~+_:::::_:c~-
OSMOOTII
NOTCHED,K
& 3
---r-----t~~~~--~r---~~
o.7[~os_
100
85
160
J TEST BARS FROM
VARIOUS LOCATIONS
1 r0.027
0
-300 -200 -100 0 100 TENSION 10 lo2 103 1o' loS 106
TEMP-F NUMBER OF CYCLES
F1G. 3. 0331 EPFECT OF LOW TEST TBMPERATIJRE ON NOTCH FIG. 3. 051 5-N CURVES FOR SMOOTII AND NOTCHED BAR SPEClMENS
STllBNaTII OF BAR (1, Fig. 8) IN LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE DIRBCTIONS
(9, FIG. 6, 7)

e-(0. 43C -1. Sl"l-1. 651-D. aer-o. 4Mo+V

0. 063 - 0. 083 IN SHBBT

240

32

801----- (0.083) 14 ~
~
t:J. Kl11700F(SA.LT), MIN,AC 28
_. Jc:wl7J 1600F(SA.LT), OQ
+ 600F,2 X 2 HR E STATIC

0~----~---
-400 0
-~----~--~ 400 800 24
TEMP- P -400 -zoo 0
TBMP-F
PIG. 3. 0332 BPFECTS OF TEST TEMPERA11JRB
AND STRBSS CONCBNTRATION ON FIG. 3.061 MOD!JLUS OF ELASTICITY
NOTCH STRBNGTII OF SHEET AT LOW ~1\AllJJU!I.
(13, p. 126) (14, p. 17) (7, FIG. 8)

CODE _1217
 FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

4 Pe-(0. 4 -1. SNI-1. 6SI-D. 8Cr-D. 4M<>tV Fe

0.43 c
1.8 Ni
1.6 Si
0.8 Cr
0.4 Mo
+ v
300-M
OL---~----~----~---J
0 1 2 ::1 4
SBCTION THICKNBSS - IN

PIG. 4. 042 TIMBS RBCOMMBNDBD POR NOR-

MALIZING AND AUSTBNITIZINO
(8, PIG. I)

REFERENCES

I International Nickel Co. ,Inc (1958)

2 International Nickel Co., Inc.," 300M Ultra High Strength Stee~
Bull. tOM 359 3722 A-258, (March 1959)
Bendix Aviation Corp. (Products Dlv. ), "Steel Low Alloy(Trlcent) "
Engineering Specification ES-0897, (June 5, 1958)
4 Cameron Iron Works, Inc., '1ransverse Tensile Property
Summary of C/W Pan 50445, '1echnlcal Mernorandum 100,
(June 19, 1959)
5 Matta, F. A., Ragland, F .J., Jr., Sarrett, G. N., Jr., "Evaluation
of Forgings of Inca and TM-2 Steels at High Strength Levels,"
WADC TR 54587, (Dec. 1954)
6 Sands, J. W., "300-M Ultra High Strength Steel," International
Nickel Co. ,Inc., (Nov. 1958)
7 McGee, R. L., Campbell, J. E., Carlson, R. L Manning, G. K.,
'The Mechanical Properties of Cenaln Aircraft Structural
Metals at Very Low Temperatures," WADC TR 58386, (June 1958)
8 Bendix Aviation Corp. (Products Dlv. ), "Heat Treatment of Trlcent
Steel to 270, 000300, 000 PSI," Proceoa Specification P. S. 6004,
(Sept. 10, 1958)
9 Muvdt, B. B., Sachs, G., Kiter, E. P., "Design Properties of High
Strength Steels In the Presence or Stress Concentrations," WADC
TR 56395, Pt. 2, (Aug. 1956)
10 Muvdt, B. R., Kiter, E. P., Sachs, G., "Design Propentes of High
Strength Steels In the Presence or Stress-Concentrations and
Hydrogen Embrlttlement," WADC TR 55103, Supplement I,
(Jan. 1956)
11 Espey,G. B., Jones, M. H., Brown, W. F,Jr., 'The Sharp Edge
Notch Tensile Strength of Several High-Strength Steel Alloys,"
Proc. ASTM, Vol. 59, (1959)
12 ASTM, "Eng Quench Test for Hardenablllty or Steel," Data
Sheet CR 6892. 1, (May 31, 195~)
13 Sachs, G. and Sessler, J. G., "Effect of Stress Concentration on
Tensile Stren:rth or Titanium and Steel Alloy Sheet at Various
Temperatures, "ASTM STP No. 287, (1960)
14 Srawly, J. E. and ;..,achem C. D.," Crack Propagation Teats or
Some High-Strength Sheet Steels," Naval Research Laboratory
Rep. 5263, (Jan. 10, 1959)
 FeUH

REVISED DECEM~ER 1963

FERROUS ALLOYS

tD&)' be uaed for part& wllh abrupt aectfa> c:haJ8ea.

1. GBNBRAL
'Jhls ateella a modlflcatloD oldie marteaaldc hot wad: 1.056 'l'hermcHDedlal - - - Al1GJ baa edllhlled
lmprored IJireiiBih praperdH after emwfrcml... proceaa
Fe
die steel Type H-11 wllh miDor chaDgea In c:hemlca1
compoaltloD lncludblg aiJahdy hlgher cuhall c - . 'Jhls
baa beell applied., (31)(32). See 3. 02111, 3. 02181., 3. 03193
&Dd3.056. .
0.4 c
compoaltloD perm1t& heat aeat1..r die ateel to IJireiiBih
1\udc aaaiD plus -sfnl AllOJ baa edllhtlzd lmprored 5 Cr

at--
Yaluea up to Ptu 300 .to 310 taL ft Ia uaed ezti!Didyely 1.057
In die form ot sheet, bar aDd fcqlDga at Y&rlaua atrellglh :Jteld lltrenllh wllbaur algalflcuiZ ciDcdlJly 10118 after
leYels In ezceaa.ol P 111 200 tal at room temperature. "mar-atralnlng" proceaa baa beell applied, (36). See 1.3 Mo
In add1doo, due to Ita hfBh c:hrom1um COIIb!llf, lh1a steel 3.0219.
Ia ot the IIC!Ccmdary bardeDIDg type aDd requires temperlqr 1.058 D1atortlna cluz:tDg Ia 'YerJ low 0.5 v
temperatures In ezceaa ot 900 P. Therefore, Ilia oult
able for hfBh atrqlh appllcatloDa at temperatures up to 1.06 HudDe8a
1.061 Blld quench hardeaahlllty, PJc, 1.061. H-11 Mod
1000 P when protected from c:orroaloo and azldatloo by
appropriate aurface tratmenta. The ateel baa good 1.062 Thla ateel Ia air ll.udealn!r aDd hudeaa faUJ ... air cooling
IormahDlty In die &mle8led CCDdltloD, Ia readily welded In aecdaaa up to 10 ID aquue. HoweYer, beaYy lleCtkma
and exh1hlta 11ale cl1atortlnD when heat treated. reqalre 10 to 15P clegreea 1-.:r tempertms tempenlllre
.., In cmler to acqalre die same hudDeaa ulflbt aectlnaa.
t. 1.01 Commerelal Dealpatlooa 1.063 Blfecta ot tempering tempenlllre ud multiple temperills
. cmhudDeaaolbar, Pic. 1.063.
Type H-11 Modlfled Steel, 5CrMoV Aircraft Steel,
Modlf1ed A151 Type H 11 Steel, 5 Cr Ultra High Strqlh 1.064 Bllect ot carboa ~aDd tempering tempenlllre ...
Steel, A151 No. 610, Type H-11. hudDeaa ot air melt aDd Y&CIIIIIII melt allOJ, Pic. 1. 064.

1.02 Altemate DeslptiCXI 1.07 Parma aDd Caalltklaa Anllallle

Alcodle, CruclhiO' :us (Halccmh 218), Dyuafle:r. Bureka 1000-
Weldl.llf; Ral, Piredle, HWD2, Magal, Ba2 Mel-'Irol, Potomac
A, Presaurdle 3-L, Unlmach 1 (Thermold A), Atlas 59, Cr
MoV (low V), Vaacojet 1000, CaSid.le, Olea B Mallfled,
Dycaat No.I.
( ) Designates obsolete names.
1.071 AllOJ Ia uallahle In die fall CCIIIIIIIercla1 xa..., ot alzea
for llheet, atrlp, plare, bar, wire, foqlnp, forgq
atoct (up to 24 In IICJUUC or 17000 lb) cad a:trll8loa6.
1. 072 Bor, wire, fcqlnga aDd elttrUIIIooa are IIY&IIahle In die
llllllealed coodltloD aaly. ~ Ia ....Jlahle In Yarlnua
flnlahea.

1.03 Speclflcatlon 1.08 Meldas aDd Ca!!l!as Practice

Table 1.03 Blectrlc tumace air melt. luductloo Yacuum and CGIIIIIIIDahle
electtale Y&CUIIIII melts.
TABLB 1 03
AM:i Porm ~llary_ 1. 09 9peclal Cooalderatlaaa
0437 Hate, sheet aDd strip 1.091 Docarhurlzatlol aDd addatloo ot lh1a allOJ becomes a
6485A Bars, farglngs aDd farglng stock )II'OIIIem ahore appradmately 1400P.
6487 Ba.rs, forgings aDd farglng stock (Premium 1.092 Close temperature c:oatrol must be maldalned during
quality, CCXISUJnahle electtale vacuum temperlqr.
melted) 1. 093 Care must he takeD to &Yold hJdrogeu emhrlttlemeot ot
tlDI.ahed parte heat trted to Pw hJ&her llwl 200 taL
1. 04 CompoaltiCXI 1. 094 'Jhls ateel baa edllhlled lmprored ~ prapertlea by
Table 1.04 auafC111111ng, see Plga. 3. 0218 aDd 3. 02181.
TABLB 1.04 1.095 'Jhls ateellwo riiOinllmproored yield lltrel:ltb wllbout
aJplflcaDt 1 - cl ducdllty by mar-stza~n~ng, see
Source AMS ll 2'1~H
Pic. 3.0219.
Peri:eot
MID Max 2. PHYSICAL ANJ CHBMICAL I'ROPBR1111S
Carbon 0.38 0.43
ChromiiDD 4.75 5.25 2.01 Thermal Properties
Mangmeae 0.20 0.40 2.011 Melting xa...,. 2500 2600P, (23, p. 22).
MolylxleniDD 1.20 1.40 2.012 l'baae chaDgea. Steel tr&Dllforms em cooling from austenite to
SUicon 0.80 1.00 ferrite. Ac1 CXI beatlug, arartlng at 150SP, eedlng at
VanadiiDJl 0.40 0.60 1580P. Oa coo!Juc, arartlng at 1490P aDd ending at 1445P.
ftloophorua . o.ozo 2.0121 nme -temperature - tr&DllformatiCXI diagram, Pig. 2.0121.
Sulfur . 0.020 2.013 'Ibermal coeductiYlty, Pig. 2. 013.
0. 015 maximum for AMS 6487 (3) 2.014 Thermal expana1oa. Pig. 2. 01<1.
2.015 ~lflc heaL 0. 11 Btu per (1h P).
1.05 Heat 'Ireatment 2.016 Thermal dlffua!Ylty.
1.051 ADDeal
l.OSU Pull .,Dell. 1500 to 1600P, cool at SOP per hour maximum 2.02 Other l'byalcal 1'ropertie!.
to below lOOOP. 2.021 Density. 0. 280 1b per culn. 7. 75 Ill' per cu em.
1.0512 Intermediate IIJIDeal. 1200 to 13SOP, 4 hour, air cool, to re 2.022 Blectt1cal Propertiea.
store ductility oi formed parts. 2.023 N..gDetlc pl'opertle&. 'Jhls lltleel Ia highly toaglll!tlc, hot
1.052 llaeaa relief. 875 to 950P, 2 to 4 houra, for flnlabed parts becomes DaiiiJ&IIDd)c at te1>1peraturea ahore 1400 to 1500P.
after s:rfndlug, macltiDIDg or atralgbtenlng. 2.024 l!mlaalvlty, Pig. 2. 024.
1.053 Auaten.ltl.ze. Prebeat at USO to 1600P, 30 mluutes and 2.025 Damping capacity.
1800 to 1900P, 1 hour per IDch lhlckneaa, air cool up to 10
Inch thlctDeaa, oU quench heavier aectlooa. 2.03 Chemical Praperde!
1.054 Double or triple temper at 950 to 1200P, depo:udlng upCXI 2.031 Geaeral. Corroeloo rea1aWice cllbla .reel Ia low aDd
atrqlh desired, 1 to 4 hour each time, cool to 150P aurface prOleCI1oD Ia required.
maximum each time. Because ot lbe ateep slope ot lbe 2.0311 Hydrogeu emhrlUiem- may occur after IIJdral-tbl&
temperlug curve, temperlug temperatures should be held wllbln treatmenta ot die hllh atrqlh caedldaaa. Certain aad8ce
:1: lOP, but lbe aecood temper caD be held wllblu + 10 aDd tratm--, audl acW or alb1lne plcldiJic, c:alhodlc
SOP to obtain desired atrqlh. See Pig. 3. 02144. clelllblc aDd phoapbatizlng are - perml...lble. Apprared
1.055 IDterrupted quench In salt balb at BOOP, bold for 20 tn au :Udas melhoda ahould be followed by hat1ac at temperature&
minutes, followed by air cool to below lSOP. Thla treatment ra,.tDg from 375P for 23 boura to 9SOP foe abort time&.

CODE 1218
,J,. PAGE
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963

2.032 OJddatlcm reaiiiWICe at the upper ead ol temperat ure

ruse
Fe wllbba wiiJcb lblo steel can be used lo I""' &1111 eurface 3. 02 .t.lecbanlc:ll Propenle o at Room Tempera ture
protectlc mla required .
0.4 c See also 3.03
3. 021 Tenalan
2.04 Nuclear Properti es
3.0211 Streeall traJD curveo tar. bar ._pend to YUiow1
5 Cr levels, Pig. 3, 0211
8ttmlllb
3. .t.IBCHANICAL PROPBR11BS
3. 0212 Reladoa between b.mlneoa &1111 teUile prqleZI1e
1.3 Mo 3;0212.
a, Pic,
3.01 SpecUied Mechanical Properti es
0.5 v 3.011 AMS specUied mechanic al properti es, Table 3. 011.
3.0213 Typical tenaloa IIIIlS bazdDeaa Yaluea fa.: bar,
3.0213.
Table

TABLB3 .011
H-11 Mod
AMSCI\12'11.1\
llov FelD. C\ 5Cr . 3MoO. 5V TABLB3 0213 .
Po:rm Sheet, strip
aDd plate
Bar, forgiDge , forging
atoct
.,_
.......
;;;;. m
...... libeet liar

~cedltlcm
Auat 18251875P,
1525 mlu, AC
Aust 18251875 P,
1545 mba, AC
Triple temper 975 F, 2 3 hr
~ ....-...- -.tal
o.nu. rn n.082
Ami
-
1000 P, 1000 P,
ir!"ty -tat
93.5 1D lj)S.S
55 to 67.5
93.5
51
treat Temp F RT 1/2 hr RT 1/2 hr ~. perceat 21.5 to 26.5 u
RT
-
~
FxJ>oaure L T exposure 65,5
Fruo RB 19 to 93 97
mba leal 260 -175 260 260
F;y, mba tal 220 135 215 215
175
135
260
215
~ (2 ba) mba percent
~A,
5 10 8 - to 8"
mba percent
Proas aectloa area
- - 30 35 301., 6T
3. 02lf Trant.ver~~e teaaUe properti es.
3.02141 Typical trauaver11e teaaUe properti es ol bar,
Table 3.02141.
-
--
up to 100 aq Ill 3.02142 ~ traD8YerR teaaUe propente a ol foqbgs,
- 6 Table
.... 150 ....
.... 22!." .. - -
- 5
3.02142.
- 4
.. " 250" ..
40
- - 3
TABL 830
21 42
Source (4V5\
Form 1"1\
rc;: ;;;;;;::;;;- p.;,;.,ru..
....,--~tO 280 bl
Melt
Air
8x8, 12xl2, ...---~ ---
Size knr ID 5x18&Dd7x13 61/2x6 1/2 12xl2

...--.. .....__
~ealocattcm 6x

.
..... 1

Pru -11:11 T
Center Mldwav
280 to 296
Center l .....w.v
m to298 280 to 298 270 to 285 281 to
c-..r Mldwav ..._..
...__
28i
--
p~
e(
11:11
percent
T 252 to 262
T 1. 7 to 2, 7 ~2.6 to 3,6 - - --
284tollr . 285.5to2 9 286 to 293 291
- -- -
to 295
-
RA percent T 4. 7 to 6.6 6.ltol4.5 . 6,5 to 17 6.5to'l9. 5 5 to 8.5 6to9
- - -
11..5to21 -
Short T apeclmen a, 4 to 8 at each location 18.5 to 30 8 to 20 14 rn23.
3. 012 Coasame ra dealgn mechanic al properti es, Table 3. 012.

TABLB3 012 TABLB 3 02141

Narlb Am Source 16\
Repullllc Av p.,-,.m
~ Colmnbus ( 4) (5) Rar
(12)
illlloy r:ln .u-> ,.,... ..f t ...._ .:v CODdltloa Ptu 260 to 280 leal
Form SlzeID-,. (;;- 8x8 9x9 12xl2 13x7 18x5 7Aw8
Cceditlcm Ami
lih- Bar Sheet Bar
Heat Treated to Fru Given Below
No or--;;;;;;;:;;;;;. Ill '7 22 14 1 -.-
l1b
mba
max leal
bl
125 - - - - -
-
Pru, miD kll 282 280
mu tel 297 299
281 275
309 301
281
305
261
291

---
at RT RA, miD tal 6.0 4.5
240 260 280 280 180 200 3.9 4.9 4.0 1.4

--- -
-- -- -- 160
at lOOOP mu leal 25.9 14.0 21.0 17.4 16.2 6.0
after exposure 110 120
160 !ilort T midway specimen s
Pryo m.,.
min
leal
kll
100
- 200 210
-
220
- -
230 155
-
170
je<2111), miD-perc ent L 17 6 5 4

---
10 7
T
sr
~

-- - -
- - -- -7 57
10 3. 02143 Bffect or temperin g tempera ture on tranaver~
~e tensile
properti es ol bar aDd extrua10118, Pig. 3. 02143.
3.02144 Bffect ol temperin g temperar ure oa teaalle propenl
jRA, min-perc ent
- - - - 30 es ol

-- - sheet aDd bar, Pig. 3.02144.

-- -- --
Wcy. min kol 242 260
Pau. miD
l:bru miD
kol
tal
- 156 168
3. 0215 Maximum tempera tures for atablllty or mecbanl
for variOWI exposure tlmeo, Pig. 3. 0215.
cal propertle o
(e/0-2.0 )
~~miD kll
- - 440 468 - - - 3. 0216 Bffect of carboa content IIIIlS temperlnJl tempera
rure em room
temperar ure tensile propertle a ol alr melt aDd vacuum
--
-- - - -- -- 10
(e/0.2.0 ) 1nelt alloy, Pig. 3. 0216.
~ Charpy Vlt lb
346 368
- 3.0217 Bff...,! o/.30 mlllutea expoaure at 1- temperar
ure on room
~ typ kll temperar ure teaalle properde o ol sheet, Pig. 3. 0217.
p, typ tal
29,000 - 3. 02171 Bffect o/.100 houra exposure at ele..ted tempera
1w. lb per cu Ill
11,000
0.281
- Pig. 3. 02171.
tures em
room temperat ure teaalle propertie o of annealed sheet,

...-- ---- --,

100 hr exposure at lOOOF + 10 hr at 1100 F, tested
at RT
CODE 1218
PAGE 2
 FeUH
REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

'\...,..> 3. 0218 Btfect of deformatloo by rollh>g oo tensile properties of 3. 0311 Stress'1Jtrll n dlograms
ausformed abeet, Fig. 3.02!8. 3.03111 Stress'11tral n curves at roam and elt!'Vated temperature s far.
3. 02181 I!Uect of deformatloo by forgh>g ou tensile properties of matt!'rlal beat treated to Ptu 260 bl, Fig. 3.03111. Fe
auaformed and tempered <~tee!, Fig. 3.02181.
3.0219 I!Uect of pre-otralDIDg oa teDaile properties of maratroltle d
3. 03112 Stre88stral n curves at roam and elt!'Vated temperature a far
sheet beat treated to F~u280 tal, Fig. 3. 03112.
0.4 c
&beet, Fig. 3. 0219. 3. 03113 Stressstral n curves at roam and low temperature s for
3.022 Compreaslo a. See also Table 3.012 and Sectloo 3.032. sheet, Pig. 3.03113.
5 Cr
3. 0221 9:reaosaai n dlograma 3. 03114 Stre88atra ln curtes at roam and elevated temperature & far
3, 0222 1)pfcal compresslo a yield lllreiJ&Ih. Table 3. 0222. annealed abet!'!, Fig. 3.03114.
1.3 Mo
3. 0312 Meet of test temperature oa tenalle prllpertles of llbeet
0.5 v
c; ..
--;;;;;::;;;
TABLB3 0222
11\
beat treated to FDI 260 and 280 1<81 minimum, Pig. 3.0312.
3. 0313 I!Uect of test temperature oa tensile properties of bar beat
0.090 Sleet treated to Ptu 260 10 290 tal, Pig. 3.0313. H-11 Mod
Ptu tal :l60 10 280 28010300 3. 0314 l!ffect of test temperature oa tenalle propertlea of bolts beat
Fey -tal L 25410264 773 10 775 treated to F 111 220 tal minimum, Fig. 3. 0314.
T 248 to255 263 to269 3.0315 l!ffect of test temperaDire , boldh>g time and strain rate oo
F cy/Ptu avg 0.95 0.96 tenalle properties of llbeet, Pig. 3. 0315.
3. 0316 Bffcct of teat temperature on tensile prCJpel:.les ol air melt
alloy tempered to Ptu 260 tal and Ptu D3!0 tal, Pig. 3.0316.
3.023 Impact. See also Table 3. 012
3.0317 Blfect of carbooc:onte nt and teat temperature oa tenalle
3.0231 l!ll'ect of temperh>g temperature oa Impact atre2>gtb,
properties of air melt and vacuum melt alloy tempered 10
Pig. 3,0231. Ptu 260 tal, Fig. 3.03!7.
3.0232 l!fl'ect of carboll cootetlt and temperll>g temperature oo 3. 0318 I!Uect of low test temperature on "'""lie propertlea of
Impact atre2>gth of a1r melt and vacuum melt alloy, shet!'t, Fig. 3. 0318.
Fig. 3. 0232. 3. 0319 Bffect of teat temperature oo tensile properties far
3.024 l!etKI1Iv tempering temperature s of IOOOF to USOF of bar and abeet,
3.025 Torsloo and shear. See also 11lble 3.012. Fig. 3.0319.
3.0251 Szear streugth of bolts heat treated to Ftu 220bl minimum 3.03191 I!Uect of test temperature oo tenalle properties of annealed
hi not alfected by 100 hour exposure at 90DF. sheet, Pig. 3.03191.
3.026 Bearh>g. See also Table 3. 012. 3.03192 l!ffcct of 100 hour exposure at teat temperature oa tensile
3.0261 Typical bearh>g and shear properties, Table 3.0261. properties of annealed abet!'!, Fig. 3.03192.
3. 03193 I!Uect of test temperature oa auaformed and conoentloaa lly
TABLB 3 0261
Source heat treated steel, Fig. 3.03193.
4 3. 032 Compreaslo o
(Form Sze.!t 3 .. 0321 Streaaatra ln curves
l"'cad1tloa 3.03211 Stresa-atral n curves In cotnpresslon at room and elevated
Ftu tal
260 to 280 280 to300 temperature s for annealed abet!'!, Fig. 3. 03211.
lvaacojt!' 3.0322 I!Uect of teat temperature on compresalv e yield atrenath of
lvaacojt!'
Allov 1000 Unlmach 1 1000 Unlmach 1 sheet, Fig. 3. 0322.
Thk:laleoo - ID I o.rv..1 t n ,., In rna 0.063 0.063 I 0.078 3.0323 llffect of teat temperature on compressiv e yield stteugth of
IPbru tal annealed abeet, Fig. 3. 0323.
(e/D-1.5)
(e/D-2.0)
L
L ''512
. . 378
.
. . 432
3,033 Impact
3. 0331 I!Uect of teat temperature on Impact strength of bar at
477
.-
547
T 509 . . 529
525
. various hardness levelo, Fig. 3. 0331
F.b9' bl 3. 0332 l!ffect of carboa cootent and teat temperature 011 Impact
(e/D-1.5) L . - 316 . . 369
strength of air melt and vacuum melt alloys, F,lg. 3. 0332.
(e/D-2.0) L 364 338
. .- 388 380 .. 3. 0333 I!Uect of test temperature oo Impact stret>gtb ol alloy

Pau
T 371
tal L 170 166.5 170
392
178
-
184 186
3.034
heat treated to 51 RC, Pig. 3, 0333.
Bendh>g
T 171 169 171 183 186 187.5 3.035 Torsloo and shear
Pau/FhP avg 0.631 0.635 0.642 0.634 0.635 0.635 3.0351 Bffect of teat temperature oo shear streugth of
beat treated
bolts, Fig. 3.0351.
3. 0352 Bffect of test temperature on abcar strength of -led
abeet, Pig. 3. 0352.
3. 077 Streoo coacentratlo o 3. 036 Bearh>g
3.0271 Nolcb properties. See also 3.GS. 3. 0361 I!Uect of teat temperatnre on bearh>g propertlea of annealed
3. 07711 Brrect of temperll>g temperature oa DOtl:h atre2>gth of abeet, Pig. 3. 0361.
abuply JICllc:bed abe..t, Fig. 3. 07711. 3. 037 Stresa CODCentratloo
3. 07712 I!Uect of streaa coocentratlo o oo notch ~ of heat 3. 0371 Notch properties
treated abeet, Fig. 3.02712. 3.03711 I!Uect of teat temperature oa DOlch otreqrth for varloua
3.07713 Bffect of multiple temperh>g oo notch atrength and tenolle stress coacentratlo o !acton of abeet, Fig. 3. 03711.
properties of mildly notched bar, Fig. 3.077!3. 3.03712 I!Uect of low teat temperature on DOlch strength olabeet,
3:07714 Bffect of 30 minutes - u r e at low temperature on room Fig. 3. 03712.
temperature notch otrength of sheet, Pig. 3. 07714. 3.037!3 Bffect of test temperature 011 tensile propertles of uncracked
3. 0272 Fracture taugluzeos &beet and oa net: fracture atreas and fracture -ranee
3. 02721 Bffect of carbon coaletlt and sln!lgth on aharp q e notch of cracked sheet, Fig. 3. 03713.
tensile otreugth ratio and fracture toughness of air melt 3.03714 Bffect of low temperatures, la.dJDg rates aDd aae
and vacuum melt sheet, Fig. 3.07721. coacentratlo o factors oa notch ~ o1 shet!'t, Fig.
3. 07722 Bffect of temperh>g temperature OD fracture touglmesa and 3.03714.
aharp notch otrength ratio for shet!'t, Pig. 3. 07722. 3.03715 Bftect of low teat temperature on notch strength ol bar,
Fig. 3.03715.
3. 07723 I!Uect of melt practice and strength oa aharp q e notch
tensile strength ratio and fracture toughness of sheet, 3.03716 Bftect of low teat temperature on net
abet!'!, Fig. 3.03716.
D_., otreugth ot
oJIIg, 3. 07123,
3. 028 Combined properties 3.03717 I!Uect ol teat temperature oa:net notch strength of abet!'!,
Fig. 3.03717.
3. 03 Mechanical l'ropertles at Various Temperatur es 3. 0372 Fracture tOU(;Iu>ess
3.031 T"""loo 3. 03721 Bffect ol teat temperature OD plane otraln fracture
toughness of bar, Fig. 3. 03721.

CODE 1218
PAGE 3
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVJSEO:DECEMBER 1963

3. 03722 Bllect o1 teat temperature em plaDe attaiD fractUre lCJU8Iulea foqlng procedure IDclude prd>a~ at 1400P, foqlng at
Fe ar llbeet, PJc. 3. OJ722. 21SOP, coallllg uDder ao luaulatlllg atedllllll or flmace
3. 03723 Bffect ar teat temperature ... - etreu &lid ftacture coaling to 3001' maximum.
0.4 c taugbae.u ol 1beet. PJc. 3. 03723.
3. 038 Combined prcpertlea
4.013 lla>diJW. Sheet wltb.lbll:taeu leas tb&D 0.090 IDch bas a
rotm tellljler&blre productlaa bead factor ar 2 Ia the umealed
5 Cr ccnlldcm aDd 6 wbeD beat treated to Fm 260 10 280 b1.
3. 04 Creep &lid Creep Rupture Propert!e! 4.014 Sb:af&bteDing C&D be performed eldter durlll&' coallllg frDm
1.3 Mo 3. 041 Creep :mpture CIUYea for alloy at varlaul etrea(llh levels at auatellldzlng or durlllg beatlllg for tmlperllle.
700 to UIOOP, PJc. 3. 041. 4.015 Caatlllg. The use af dtla alloy for caatlllg - 1a
0.5 v 3. 042 Creep :mpture cWYea at 800 ta 1000 P !or
ta Ptu 190 bl, PJc. 3. 041.
m-beat treated UDderde'ldop meDL

3. 043 Sian time creep &Dd creep rupture curves at 1000 &Dd 4.02 Mac:blDJDg &Dd Grlodg
H-11 Mod 1200P for sheet heat treated ta Pna290 tal, PJc. 3. 043. 4.021 Geoeral. Rough macbiDlJv Ia geDe>:lly performed em
material Ill JDe fully &DDe&led coodltlcm Ill much the ame
IIWIDI!r aa em aoy 0.4 perceDt carbcm law alloy -1.
3. OS Fatigue Properties
3.051 Fatigue properties af lar aDd balta, Tallie 3.051. Practically DO dlmmalmal cbaJWea occur em floal beat
TABLB3 051 treatmeDt wbeD flnlab macbJ.DlJlg Ia perfonoed em material
having aa IDtermedlare beat treaaneot at 1700P, air coal+
Source temper at 1200P.
(&), (9), (12) 4.022 Ditlllllg &Dd btoachizlg may be performed em material bear

-
orm Bar treated ra 50 to 55 RC.
Coadlrl<lll Heat Treated Ia p - 260bl 4.023 GrlndiJ>g ar porta bear treated 10 Pru 260 b1 or abooe Ia
rr....p-P Soortce Methcd Streaa Pattaue Stftq1bl very ~!tical.
RatiD Cc>acea- at c,cJea

RT
A
-a
R tradaa .r
ldi 107 108 4.03 ~
Puslcm weldhw Ia geDerally accompllabed with Inert po
(7) Rot -1 &nood! 155 135 130 130
bead 1!K ba.....,...
ableldlllg or c . .ted electrodes. Since dtla steel Ia air
It reqalreo prebeatlllg to 600 to J200P. The
RT (6) Direct o.8 0.1 155 135 130 130
Slre&d
welded ..rt to usually allowed ta air coal ta about 600P &Dd
lheD Immediately atreaa relieved at 1250 ro 1400P In order ro

--
ltD\ 173 150 uo minimize dlmeaalcmal cbugea &lid to allow atraf&btenlqr
900 (6) 95 81 80 aDd alz.lng wlthaul crackiQg. Weld efflcleDclea ar oearly
RT(a
~Source
161
(10
I too 60 S3 - 100 perceut are obtalocd Ill weldod l)leCimeo& after beat
treotmeDl ta all atreQJIIII l'"'ela. Haw..,er, mulmum atrellllb

-
Form Threaded Balta Ill weldod taDta Ia oblalocd ar &D IDtermedlable temper.
CondJtloo: eat l :reate<l 10 -260 tsl 4. 031 l!ffect ar tempering temperature .., etrea(llh ar welded
(T0111p P Dla-111
(b) ~ Slreaa Fatigue Streqpb-tsl 8heet aod pressure vessel a, Pig. 4. 031.
Rado Catcea- at c,clea
tradGa 4. 04
A R 1o5 1o6.l1o7 loB Hear Treoaneat
RT 3/8 plrect p.az 0.1
jotrell8
- 112
84180 - 4.041 Pumace abnoapbere for aoludcm treatlllg aod lUIII<IIIllng
should be ccmtralled. lDert ps or vacuum to preveat
decarburlzatl m &Dd acallng. Salt baths are also aulrable.

---
1/2 118 .94 90
900 3/8 For leas dtrlngeDt requlremcuia regudlng aurtJoce
91 81 80 c...Sitloa 8D eodothermlc abDOIIphere wldt dew poiDt ar
RTia\ 3 8 a;< 60 55
(a) Tested at RT after exposure at 900P, lOOhr 45 to 50P with spray caat!Dga aa addltloual prorecdm cao
(h) Bolt typer. 3/8111, :U BWB: 1/2 111, 20 BWB be uaed. Bar may al3a be packed Ill speat pitch cote.
Copper aod other metallic caatlllgs should oat be uaod aa
3.052 SN cunrea for beat treated lar, Pig. 3. 052.
they lead to embrlnlemea t.
3. 053 SN CIUYea for DGICbed &Dd IIDIIOtCbed l)leCimeaa at room 4.042 Dlacaloradcm em air coaling may be,.pr..,eated by coaling
temperature, Pig. 3. 053.
w1thln a protective atmosphere ar ualllg lllterrupred salt
3.054 SN cunrea far Dotched &Dd UllliOtCbed l)leCimeDa at BOOP,
bath queocblng.
Pig. 3.054. 4. 043 Prel!earlng at 1200 ro 1500F 1a recommelllled for heat
3.055 sN curvea far Dotchod &Dd UDJ>Ctcbed l)leCimeaa at 1000P,
trelltlllg thl8 steel.
Pig. 3.055.
3.056 SN curveo for aullfarmed aDd ccmveudaaally heat treated 4. 05 Surface Treabneat
steel, Pig. 3.056. 4. 051 Ccnllllma having hf&ber strength tb&D 200 kal ahaulcl be
cleaDed by mech&Dical methode or by anodlc plctllng.
3.06 l!lasdc Properties Acid or alkaline plddlng aDd cathcdlc cleaa!Dg .are oat
3.061 l'olaam"a rado, 0.281.
permlealble.
3.062 Mcdulus ar elaadclty 4. 052 Carroaloa aod mldadm realatauce ol thla steel 1a cbralned
3.0621 Modulus af eludclty at rocm &Dd elevated temperature& ,
Pig. 3. 0621. . by a YArlety af aurt.ace coatings. One preferred method Ia
3.0622 Modulus ot elasticity for alloy beat treated to varloua
plaUJw with Dickel cadmium (AMS 2416). AlumiDizlng,
chromlzlng, vapor deposltlcm af metal coatlllga aDd sUk:ooe
bardueea levels, Pig. 3. 0622.
.. lilts are also aucceallfully used In productlm. Special
3.0623 Modulus ar elaadclty Ill compreaalm at room aDd el..,ated
platlllg methods are used far the hf&b atreDgtll coadlllcma,
temperatures ar a~JM&led sheet, Pig. 3.0623.
3.063 Modulus ar rigidity usually followed by baking at 375F minimum, far.23 hours.
4. 053 Chemical milling may be accomplished Ill either the &DDeoled
3.064 TaDgeat modulus curves at rocm aDd el'"'ated temperatures
ar heat treatel c...Sirlaaa. llakiDg ar beat treated parts
far lar heat treated to Pru -260 bl, Pig. 3. 064.
after chemical milling Ia recommended . The mcch&Dlcal
4. properties <1 sheet beat treatod to Pna- 280 ts1 mlnlmlDD
FABRICATION
aDd milled frcm 0. 200 to 0.100 In thlcbeaa were famd
4.01 robe~.
Formability
4.011 4. 054 Alloy CAD be Ditrldod aa readily aa the Nltralloya.
Geueral. This alloy, In the tully aDDeSied cundltlm, C&D be
4.0541 Blfect af Dltrldlngdept h em hardDess, Fig. 4.0541.
....tOy fanned by aH commm methods.
4.012 Pargiug. Start!Dg temperature 2000P mulmwn, flnl~
temperature 1700P mlnlmlDD. Hstlllg abeooe 2200P causes
eocealve acallng aDd loducea graiD growth. Recommeoded

CODE 1218
PAGE 4
1

1
. ~

.
~
.;::

t-
~~
~';
.
 I V'W'II

REV15_~Q DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

64 ..----r--::Pe-_':C.Q~.o:-.-:-fC)~:-SC=r--::-1_,_-::3-::M:-ct-;-C!...:-.::::~y~.
Pe-(0. ~-5Cr-1.3Mo-o. SV AJIIT 1!125"'~~q_ Fe
T~BD 3z 2 HR BACH
0.4 c
QUBK:Hb PRo.&~ 5 Cr
1~.l
- - - INDICAT&
- - r-r - -- 1.3 Mo
1(1850P 1(1900P ~ 48 0.5 v
',.
""
10 20 30 40 50 60 ~ 40 ~---+-----~~~~--~ H-11 Mod
DISI"ANCB PR<N QUBNCHBD BN> SIXTBBN'Ill IN 3
Dl
PIG. 1.061 BN> QUENCH HARDBNABU.ITY (9) ~
8
""
24 900
1000 1100 1200 1300
,. TBMPI!RINJ TBMP - P
.!

PIG. 1.~4 BPPECTOPCARB ONCONTBNTAN D

TBMPI!RIN:l TBMPBRATURB ON HARD-
NESS OP AIR MBLT AND VACUUM
MBLT ALLOY (22,p. 11)

152
~

~48
RC

H o PlRSI"
l:S
a:
e SECOND
TBMPBR
A 11iiRD
44
950 975 1000 1025 1050 1075 1100
TBMPBRINJ TEMP - P

PIG. 1. 063 BPPBCTS OP TBMPBRIN:l TBMPBRA "IURB AND

MUL11PLB TBMPBRINJ ON HARDNESS OP BAR
(7)

CODE 1218
PAGE. 5
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS

1800
Fe Fe-(0. 4C)5Cr-1. 3Mo-D. 5V
AUSTTBMP 1850P
0.4 c
5 Cr 1600
....
.... -- - CRmCAL COOLING RATE PRCN
m ..ATCNBTRY 10 /MIN

1.3 Mo I
" -
~
v ~
0.5

H-11 Mod
1200
.... .....
.... ....
--~--- ....
<,._ -
c

.......................
llo
........ ......
~ 800 -- .. __
~ ~

M _........ ~
5%
400
20,{,~~
.__51~

0
1 10
TIMB SBCOND
10 ft~
10 ....c 105

PIG. 2.0121 TIMB TI!MPBRATIJRBTRANSPORMATION DIAGRAM (9.p.l7)(24)

D:
18
Pe(IWC) :!. aM -o.5v,......

1
t:
bl'
a
f
16

14
nfBRMAL
CONDIX:TIVITY
.......
.......
--- -,
/;'
li:
~ 12 it I
-(11)
I
I
I
I
---CONVBRTBO FROM
BLBCTRJCAL RBSISTANCB
MBASURBMBNTS(24)
10
0 400 800 1200 1600
TI!MPP

FIG. 2AJI3 nfBRMAL CONDIX:TIVITY

(II) (24)
--AS RBCI!IVBD
---HEATBD IN AIR
~ 0 .4 1-- - - t - 1000 P, 30 MIN

a
Fe(0.4C!SCr1.~-D.5V
---HEATBO IN VACUUM
1000 P, 30 MIN

-ANN } (7)
i 0.8 t---1---- +---+--- -1
---HA,ROBNBD
.(11~
---
--
~--- 1---

~
........ -
~---
r--
r---
- ---- MEAN COI!F LINEAR
nii!RMJL BXPA,ON

FR~~1T TO T,EMP
I ICATBD 400 800
0 200 600 800 1000 1200
TI!MPP
TI!MP F
PIG. 2.014 nii!RMAL EXPANSION PIG. 2.024
(7)(11) I!MJSSIVITY (25, p. 215223)

CODE 1218
PAGE 6
REVISED DECEUBER 1963
FERROUS ALLOYS

Pe-(0. 4C)5<.:r-.i.""'o-o. SV Fe
300 - 950P BAR
0.4 c
~=- ~ 1000P 5 Cr
1.3 Mo
/ -........; '- 1050P
200
......
llOOP
0.5 v

100 v 1300P
TIIMPBROO TEMP
1200P
H-II.Mod

lTmmON
RT
0
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

SI'RAIN - IN PBR lN
PIG. 3. 0211 STRESS SI'RAIN CURVI!S POR BAR TI!MI'rutBD
TO VARIOUS STRIING1H LEVELS
(9)

320
P -(0.4C)-5Cr-1.3No-o. sv
.__ ..... 1625P, AC + 1100 TO
1850P, AC +TEMPER
280
~
........
~~
Pro

300 iil
loo:
240
PTY ~
r-....
.1. T, 6 IN B. R, TEMPER 2xl HR ~
e T 10 IN 00, I 1/2 IN WALL
0 L} EXTRUSION. TEMPER 2x2 1/2 HR O
250 200

40
RA
Iii 200
~
"" Ill
I)
20
__.
0:
... Ill

~
150
~ e

0
1000 1025 1050 1075 1100
TEMPERII'C TEMP - P
BRINBLL HARONI!SS NUMBER PIG. 3.02!43 EPPI!CT OP TI!MPERII'C TI!MPERATURB ON
PIG. 3.0212 RELATION BETWEEN HARONI!SS AND TENSILE TRANSVERSE TENSII.E! PROPERTIES OP BAR
AND EXTRUSIONS
PROPERTIES (16)
(9)

CODE 1218
PAGE 7
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVI SEI) DECEMBER 1963

!='e Fe-(0.4 C)-5Cr -1.3Mo -o.sv Fe-fli.-4C)-;,.;.1.3Mo-CI.SV

SHI!BT, BAR 320 BrAN> All00.5 051NS PBCIM BNS
0.4 c 11100 TO 1-F, AC
TBUPBR 2x(Z TO 3)HR
AVBR AGBO P3
~UIT 1100-1900 F. 30 MIN. AC
5 Cr TBYPBRBD IN MOLT BNSAL T
1.3 Mo ~_;~4-----~~3~7-Z~H~R~BA~CH~~

0.5 v
-----r~~~-----+-----
+~2~
H-11 Mod
!2
----~~~----~~~~

10

10

5
'
1~ 12::::]~;:=-.:::::i--~
o
900
~
1000
~~_j 1100 1~ 1300
TI!IIIP~ TI!Ml' - P
Pll. 3.0216 BPFBC I" OF CARBON CONJ"B
iu Tau&R~ TBW'B RA'IlJR B
NT AN>
ON Road
TBW'B RAnJR B TBNSILB PROI'BIITIJIS OF
f 20 t-1---1-+---...._--1--~--J AIR MBLT AND VAcuu .l MELT ALLOY
(22,p.J O)

0~~~~~~~----LJ
1100 1200 1300
TI!MI'BRJKi TIIMP - P Pe-(0. 4C)-:r-1. 3Mo-o. sv
PIG. 3.0UW 0. (1()0 IN SIIBIIT
BPFIIC T OF TI!Ml'H RIKl11 !Ml'BR I>nJRB PRBHBAT 1450 P, 20-30 MIN
ON
TBNSI LB PROPBRTil!S OF SHI!BT AN>
BAR AUST 1850 F, 20 MIN. AC
(8X9X13X17)
.
TBIPL BD TIIMl'BR
975 F, 1 HR. BACK

~ ,....- ----. r---- -.--- ---.- ---

Pe-(0. 4<:)-SCr-1. 3Mo-CI.
TllWl'BR. 3 z 2 HI
300
...
.- FTU

~ r-
11011 260
1/2 HR .BXI'Q;URB

...
1000
uoo ~ ...._FTY

-
TBSTB il AT RT

2 1050 .......
"" 1000
900

I
,.., RA
e(2 IN)
....
1100~--~--~~--~~~ 0
-G -200 0 1200
1 100 10,000 TI!MP I'
BXPOSURB TIMB - HR
Fll. 3.02.15 Pll. 3.0217 BPPIIC I' OF 30 M1M1I"BS BXI'OStJRB AT
MAXIM IN TI!Ml'B RAnlR BS FOR
STABILITY OF MJ!CHANICAL PRO- LOW 111Ml'BRATUlUIS ON ROOM TBM-
PBR11BS FOR VARIOUS BXPOSURB l'BitA"IURB TBNSILB PROI'B ilTmS OF
SHBBT (26,p.2 4)
TIMBS
til After lid temper I(J:oomd to 0. 060 ill aad
poa1ibl
"""'"" "
e decarb urlutiO L

CODE 1218
PAGE 8

.,
'-...-'
 FeUH

REVISE!) DECEMBER 1963

FERROUS ALLOYS

100
Pe-(O .te)5Cr1.3Mo-o.sv Fe
D. 064 IN SHBBT
ANN c
80
- p1U
-- - 0.4
5 Cr

-- r- l'TY

100 HR EXl'OSUR~ AT INDICATBD

e (21N)
--~
.......
TJ!!f
1.3
0.5
Mo
v
H-11 Mod

e NO laBSTRBSSJW OUR[~ BXI'OSURB

0 1/3 iTY PRiRBSSBD iRIN:l~
0
0 200 600 800 1000

TI!MPP
PIG. 3.02171 BPPI!CT OP 100 HOURS EXl'OSURB AT
BLBVATBD TI!MPBRA1URBS ON RO<U
TI!MPBRA1URB TBNSILB PROPBRTIBS
OP ANNBALBD SHBBT
(34, p.l6)

r.P~e~-W~.~~-~5~~-1~.3~Mo~~-o~.5~V------~~
0.15 IN PINAL THICICNBSS SHBBT
AUST 1900 P, 1 HR PBR.IN
THICICNBSS

iil
w
360 t----+---+---+-.,.:-1
j
320 e 400 P,
1 102 HR +400 P, 3/f HR
A 600 P,
110 2 HR+600 P, 3/f HR
800 2 HR -! tiOO .F, 3/f HR
P,
1000 P,
3/4 HR
0 1100 P, 1 10 2 HR.UOO 'i', 3/f HR
f067-:"T"n'710"'7'7"2D-.!..-

>1
al
u 4
a:
...
al

0
0 20 40 60 110
20 40 60 80
DBPORMATION PBRCENr DBPORMA110NPBRCBNT

PIG. 3. 0218 BPPBCT OP DBPOIUIATION BY ROLUNG ON PJG. 3. 02111 BPPI!CT OP DBPORMA110N BY PORGINJ
TBNSILB PROPBRTIBS OP AUSPORMBD SHBBT ON TBNSILB PROPBR11BS OP AUSPOIRMBO
(3!,p.32) ANlTIIMPBRBD 5TBBL (J2,p. 47, 49)

CODE 1218
PAGE 9
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS
REVISED DECEMBER 196.1

Fe Pe-(0. 4C)-5CrJ. 3Mo-o. SV '

'L
AUSf 18231850P , 30 M~ AC
0.4 c 320
100 TBMPBRBD 3x 2
AVBRAGB1 0
HR BACH

5 Cr
80
1.3 Mo
280 %C
0.5 v 0 0.36 VACUUM MBLT
liJ 60 o.4a }
w, 0.40 1R
H-11 Mod ~
240
~ .0.305
Y0.22
MBLT

"' t: 40

i 40 0900
1000 1100 1200 1300
0
TBMPBRim TBMP P

a 20~--+---+---4---~ FIG. 3.0232 BPPBCT OPCARBO NCONTI!m ' AND

TBMPBRim TBMPBRATURB ON IMPACT
STRBNGTH OF AIR MBLT AND VACUUM
MBLT ALLOY (22,p.ll)
0 ~--~----~----~----~
0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6
PRBS'TftAlN PBRCBNT
PIG. J. 0219 BPPBCT OF PRB-STRAI NJN3 ON
TBNSILB PROPBRnBS OF MAR
STRAINED SHBBT (36, p. 46, 47)

"-.

Pe-(0. 4C)-5Cr1. 3MoO. 5V

60 l850P, 1/2 HR, AC
+ TBMPBR 2 x ~ 1/2 HR

J
- fiJ
i'--o-~
20
,
;f!
...
-~ ..... '10/
lo---~
IBCHA~PYV
M: v.s::
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TBMPBRII l TBMP P
PIG. 3.0231 BPPBCT OP TBMPBRIM l TBMPBRA'I URB ON IMPACT
STRBIlTH
(6)

CODE 1218
PAGE 10
-.. FeUH
''
REVIS.0!DECEMBER 1963
FERROUS ALLOYS

\...,)
.,.. .... -
320
IPe-(0. 4C)5Cr1.3Mo-o.sj'
t-, Pe-(0. ~)-5Cr1.3Mo-D. SV
1/21N.BAR Fe
/ .... 0.063 IN SHBET
fUsop""
280 /' .... 850P, 1/2 HR, AC + TBMPBR
3z1H-,
lofiN, AO+IOIOP:_1
ec;. NBtTrRAP4
.A VACUUM AIJSrBNITIZIID
0.4 c
5 Cr
''
240

'"~
PTU ' ,

.... ;; 1.3
0.5
Mo
v
v
360 NOTCH STRmcn!

'' Jt-3.5 . 60 t--

r-~ '~
200 H-11 Mod
~
r<0.001
I /-: ~
320

w 1--- r---~
160 r-0.006

280

120 PTU

~
f'6 e L}NOI'CH
p1Y
oT STRBNint
........::
80

-~
v RA

40 e(4 D)
900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200

TI!MPBRJRi TBMP P 3 f

FIG; 3:027U BPPBCT OP TBMPBRIN:l TBMPBRATURB ON NOTCH NO OP Tall'BRS ( 3 HR BACH)

STRBIlTH OP lHARPLY NOTCHBD SHBET PIG. 3. 02713 BPPBCT OP MUL'IlPLB TBMPBRitl
(13) ON NOTCH STaBJCntl Al'll TBNSn.E
PROPBR11ESOP MlLOLY NOTCHIW
BAR
06)

400 ,.-----,r-~......,.,.---,,....---r--"T'""""
Pe-(0. ~)-SCrl. 3Mo-D. SV Pe-{0. 4C)-5Cr1. 3Uo-o. SV
0.0.0 TO 0.063 IN SHBBT 0.06CHNIIlHBBT
1850P (ARGON), 30 MIN. AC EHBAT 1450 P, 2030 YIN
320 hK~~t-----~~+~1000~~P~3~x~l~R } - - - -........A~usr:!2 1150 P, :IOYIN, AC
TRIPLE TBMPBR"
97$ P, 1 HR .

320

Iii
loll ::1
160 300

~~n-
TBSTBDATRT
2111
(15) .
0 (13)

260 r-0.0
0 ~--~5~--~9~--~1~3----1~7~
-400 -200 0 200
STR!J!S CONCBN'I'RA110N !!ACTOR It I TEMP.-P
0. 025 o. oos-. o. 002 o. 001 t'IG. 3.02714 BPPBCT OP 30 WIMTmS BXI'DiiURB AT
r IN LOW TINPBRATURB ON Roc:a.t TBMPBR
PIG. 3. 02712 BPPBCT OP STRBSS CON::BNTRA110N ~TURB NOTCH STBIIN:lTH OP liHBET
ON:NOTCH STRBNITH OP HBAT (26,p.25)
TRBATBD SHBET After 2ad temper groc.d to 0. 060 Ill a..S rem.,.e
(13) (15, p. 1:111) poooalble decarburlzatloa

CODE 1218
PAGE II
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS RE~ISEODECEMBER 1963

Fe Pe-iO. 4C}~5Cr-1.3Mo-<J. SV
1200 0.063 IN SHBRT
0.4 c ... A lEI' 1850 P, 30 MIN, AC
TBMPBR 3 x 3 HR TOTAL
5 Cr ' AIRMBLT

1.3 Mo
i
1-o
1100

0.5 v g
;~~
1-o
RT
900

:~
~ 0.8

o;
t; 0.4

; 0
160

360 r----.-- _,.-- -..------ ..---

Pe-(0. ~C)SCr-1. 3Mo-D. SV
120 0.063 IN SHBRT
Tl!:.fPBR 3x I HR BAC

0.23C
280
40
160 200 240 280 320
PTU -XSI
PD. 3.02721 BPPBCT OF CARBON CONTBNT AN> SI'RIDG111
ON SHARP BDGB NOTCH TBNSILB SI'RJDGnt
,-,
RATIO Al'l> PRAC'IURB TOUlHNBSS OF AIR
MBLTAN>VA CUlNNBLTSH BBT (17,p.771) 200

~
~160
...
l2
120

80

900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150

TSMPBRINO TEMP - p
PC.. 3. 02722 BPPBCT OP TBMPBR!Nl TSMPBRATURB ON
PRACTURB TOUGHNBSS AND SHARP NOTCH
STRBOOTH RATIO POR SHBBT (27, p. 880881)
Slow crack leugth determiDed by ludla 1n1t lt.lniD&.

CODE 1218
PAGE 12

4,Jo:
1(}17
 FeUH

REVISED DECEMBER 1963

FERROUS ALLOYS

Pe"(0.:)-5 r-1.3Mo-o.sv Fe
0.0631NSHBBT
.AUST 1850 P, 30 MIN,AC
TBMPBR 3x 3 HR TarAL
0.4 c
5 Cr
1.3 Mo
0.5 v
H-11 Mod

STRAIN-IN PBR IN
FIG. 3.03lU STRHSS STRAIN CURVBSAT ROOM AND
BLBVATBD TI!MPBRATIJRBS POR MAT
BRIAL HBAT TRBATBD TO FTU 260 KSI
(9)

40 l-...,l,J,6,.0---,2,!00,.....--=24~0=---~:::-~....;!-:--....J
FTU- KSI
.....,.
PIG. 3. 02723 BPFI!CT OF MBLT PRACTICE AND STRBN:;11f
ON SHARP I!OGB NOTCH TBNSILB STRBN:;11f
RATIO AND FRACTIJRB TOOOHNHSS OF SHEBT
(17, p. 773)

320 Fe-(0.4C)5Cr1,3MoD.5V
0.090 INSHBBT
18501',1/2 HR, AC RT
+10oo F, 2 x 3 HR F
240. +lll'lS F, 2 X 3 HR 0

i'TU283 KS1

TBNSION

o.004 o.ooa o.ou o.016 o.o20

STRAIN IN PBR IN

FIG. 3.03112 STRHSSSTRAIN CURVES AT ROOM AND BLBVATBD

TBMPBRATIJRES FOR SHEET HEAT TRBATIID TO
PTIJ 280 KSI (7, FIG.l)
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDOECEMBI?R 1963

J
;,.,
Fe-(0.~5Cr-1.3Mo-o 5V Pe (0,4C)5Crl. oO.SV
Fe U.U60 D<SHBBT t 0. 064 IN SHI!BT
ANN
0.4 c PRI!HBAT 1450 T, 20-30 MIN
320 AUIT 1850 P, 20 MIN; AC
TRIPLB TBMPBR WSP,IHR
5 Cr BACH

1.3 Mo
0.5 v
H-IIMod

OL-----~----~--~
0 0.004 0.008 0.012
S'IliAININ PER IN
120 PIG. 3.03114 SI'RBSS-STRAIN CURVI!S AT
ROCN AND BLBVATBD TBMP
BRATURI!S POR ANNBALBD
SHBI!T (34, p. 99)
10

TI!N>ION

0. ciiM 0. 008 o. 012 0. 016

.STRAIN- IN PBR IN

FIG. 3.03113 STRI!SS-STRAINCURVBS A'& ROCil

AND LOW TI!MPBRATURBS POR Pe~0.4C)5Cr1.3Mo-o.sv
SHBBT (26, p. 41) SHI!BT
After 2ud temper Jl'OIIIId to 0. 050 Ia aDd rem""e 1150P, 1/2 HR + 1850P, 1/2HR, AC
posatble decarburlzadoa 210 +

240

200

lil 160
w 2l

200

160
10

0
0 200 400 600
TI!MP- p
PIG. 3.0312 BPPI!CT OP TI!ST TBNPBRA1URI! ON
TBNSILB PROPI!RTIBS OP SHI!I!T HEAT
TRBATBD TO Pro 260 At> 210 KSI
WINIMW

CODE 1218
PAGE 14
 FeUH
REVISED DECEMBER 1963
FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe
0.4 c
5 Cr
1.3 Mo
0.15 v
1----+-~....t:::--::--+---.:p;~-i----1""" lil
:w: lil
160 1-----1---+--+--+----i
~ :w: 200 1-l:b-4.=--1--+---11---t H-11 Mod
280 --+----1-~~-+~--120011.

240

200

e
~ 160
200 600 1000
~ TEMP F
FIG. 3.0314 EFFECT OF Tl!5r TEMPI!RAroRI! ON TI!NSILI!
120 PROPI!RTII!S OF BOLTS HI!AT TRI!A TI!D TO
Fro 220 KSI MINIMUM (10)
60

40

~
CJ
Fe-(0.~)-5pr1.3lolo-o.sv
20 0. 063 IN SHI!BT
re 1850 F, AC+1pocl F, 2x3 HR
~ 200
~
~
0
0 200 600 800 1000 1200
TEMPF r-
FIG. 3. 0313 I!FFI!CT OF Tl!5r TEMPI!RAroRI! ON TI!NSILI! PROPI!RTII!S
OF BAR HI!AT TRI!ATI!D TO Fro" 260 TO 290 KSI
( 4) (7) (9) (19)
200
FTU

''0
\
80

"""""' ~
~--

1:120 ~ .....
II. HOLDING TIMI!
o xo sec F~ "'-.
.A.A 30MIN

80
5rRAIN RATI!
e .A. 0.41NPI!Ru
0 A 6 PI!RMR
""-"\
HI!ATI!O TO TEMP
WITiiiN 20 sec
~18
CJ
0:
re o
,,. e __./

800 1000 1100 1200

TEMP F
PIG. 3.0315 I!FFI!CTS OF TI!ST TEMPI!RAroRa HOLDING
TIM I! AND STRAIN RATI! ON TI!NSILI! PROP
I!RTII!S OF lilii!I!T (20)

CODE 1218
PAGE 15
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED DECEMBER 1963

..A 3 20
Fe
y l
Fe-(C1,4Cl5Cr1.3Mo-D.!)V
AUST 1825185U 1', 30 MIN, AC
0.4 c TI!MP.I!Rl!D 3x 2 HR BACH
AV.I!RAGB 2 TEsTs
280
5 Cr
t'
1.3 Mo
~ PTU
0.5 v 240-

""~\
!2
'
H-11 Mod '-- i"'..... \.
~
240 160

'\
200
"" ..........
I 20

Iii
:.:
160
1--. ~~ -
J= ~
120
T.I!M .I!RJH:i TIIMP-F
975
""\\ -
... 1050
80

!zIll
u
a:
...
Ill
40

A
RA
re<2 INI
-
0 RT l 800 240
900 1000 1100 1200
T.I!MP P
~
FIG. 3. 0316 .I!PPBCT OF T.I!ST T.I!MPBRATURB ON TBNSILB
PROPBRTI.I!S OP All\ MELT ALLOY TI!MPBRI!D TO 200 L-----+-~~~----;160 ~
'
..!""
PTU 260 KSI AND FTU 310 KSI
(22, p. 2U, 22)
.
~
{:160
"'
120

\I',C
0 0.36
... 0.48
0.40

. 0.305
0.22
80

!11
Ill 4U
u
a:
...
Ill

0
900 1000 1100
T.I!MP F

PIG. 3. 0317 .I!PPBCT OP CARBON CONTENT AND TI!ST

T.I!MP.I!RATUR.I! ONT.I!NSILE PROPERTI.I!S OP
AIR MELT AND VACUUM MELT ALLOY T.I!MPBRI!D
TO .1'Til ~0 KSI (22, p. 20)

CODE 1218
PAGE 16
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS
REVISE[) DECEMBER 1963

Fe-(0.4C -scr-1.3Mo-D.SV Fe
O. 060 IN SHBJrr
PRBIIBAT 1450 F, 2030 MIN 0.4 c
400 AUST 1850 P, 20 MIN, AC
TRlPLB TBMPBR 9't5F, IHR BACH
5 Cr
1.3 Mo
0.5 v

H-11 Mod

200
~ 40
0

re 0
Fe(0.4C)SCrI.3M oO.SV .I 320

200 ~UST ISSOF, 20 MIN IN SALT TBMPBf

2 x 2J;.!RS.AT TBMPBR.,1URB SHOWN
IOOOF
FIG. 3.0318 BFFBCT OF LOW TllSI" TBMPBRATURB
ON TBM;lLB P.iiOPBRTIBS OF SHBBT
(26, p. 24)
~~
.. 0
10501' --= 280

After 2nd temper grOUDd to 0. 060 In aDd remove

poaslble decarburlzatlon
.. "ru ::::-::::::
240 !
~
~
11001'
.,\.....,......
j

280
~ 200
~ t--11SOF
r-
240 ~1-oo.._o IOOOF- - I 60
!il ~
:.: '1050

J= 200 ...._ PTY

u--- 1100
~
r---::::::::
>-...a. 1150F
~
160

60

.-
RA

...
..
1100,!..... ~
40
Ill
!Z (10501' 7ioooF
0 e - I INDIA BAR
0::
0 ---0.080 IN SHBBT
!e 20
e (liN)
~.:~, ....
F-~- .. ~ ~~ \..1>~"--loW.
~""''-~~
0
-100 0 100 200 300
TBMP-P
FIG. 3. 0319 BFPBCT OF TBST TBMPBRATURB ON
TBNSILB PROPERTIES FOR TBMPBRIN>
TBMPBRAnJRBS OF IOOOF TO 1150F OF
BAR AND SHBBT
(30, Tables 21 28)

CODE 1218
PAGE 17
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISE!> DECEMBER 196;;

.--------...--------..--------..------ 480
Pe(O. :)SCr-1. 3YoO. SV Pe-(0. 4C)-5Cr-1. 3Mo-o. SV
Fe 1011 0.064 IN SHEET
......... .......__ ANN
0.4 c
---.
PTU

5 Cr 80
1.3 Mo
0.5 v lil
w 60
~
- PTY

-..... ~
~.,.---+------4"....,._,-..__-1 320 fl
J
~
H-IIMod
40 ~
20
L}1/2 HR IOO'OSliRB
0 T ATTBSTTBMP ~ 160

40
v 80

~
u 20
-~
e (2 IN)

~
/
C!"'
0
0 2011 600 8011 1000 12011

Tl!MPP

PIG. 3. 03191 BPPBCT OF TI!ST Ti!MPBRATURR ON TI!NSILB

PROPBRTIRS OF ANNRALI!D SHEET
(34, p. 8, 9)

12011

PIG. 8.03193 BPPBCT OF TBST TIIMPBRATURB ON

AUSPORMBD AND CONVBNTIONALLY
HEAT TRRATI!D STBilL (37, p.li3)

80~~~~~,---~
J'e (O.:)-SCr-1. o-o.sv
0.064 IN SHBBT
A

40 mlOII~H~R~r.~~mas-r------~------~------4
ATTr!l>fmNB \
~ 0 1/3 pn:IPRBSTRBSS

~ 20 r-==F=F=~~~
e (21N)
0.012
0 5111AIN IN PBR IN
0 2011 600 BOO 1000
Tl!MP-P PJO. 3. 03211 SI"RBSS5111AIN CURVBS IN
PIG. 3. 03192 BPPI!CT OF 100 HotlRS RXPOSURB AT Tsm" C<NPRBSSION AT ROCN AM>
TBMPBRATURE ON TI!NSILE PROPBRTIBS I!LBVATBD TBMPBRATURBS
FOR ANNRALBD SHBET
OP ANNRALBD SHEET (34, p. 8, 16)
(34, p.99)

CODE 1218
PAGE 18

fl,. ~-
i
 FeUH
REVISED DECEMBER 1~6~ FERRO.US ALLO YS
,.,.,
280
Pe-(0, 4C)5Cr l. 3Mo-o.sv
0.0331N SHBBT Fe-(0.4C -scr-1.3M o-o.sv
~
1900P,30 SBC,AC AWT 18251850 F, 30 Mill{; AC Fe
+1025P, 2x2 HR TBMPBRBD 3x 2 HR BACH
240
~ ~~~~V~E~R~A~G~10~T~~---r~~~~ 0.4 c
-.........: 5 Cr
Fey
~ 1.3 Mo

~
eL
OT
0.5 v
160 H-11 Mod
0 200 400 600 800 1()00
TBMP P ~
I
FIG. 3,0322 EFFECT OF TBSl' TEMPERA lURE ON
COMPRB55IVB YIELD STRI!N:;TH OF t:
SHEET (7)

It C TI!MPERIM:l MELT
0 O. 36 1030 VACUUM
1-41~'--+-e 0.48 1060 AIR
... 0.40 1055
1030
950

...__ 1--
Pe-(0. 4C)5CrI. 3Mo-il. SV
0.064 IN SHI!BT
ANN
0-400 0 400
TI!MP F
800 1200

FIG. 3. 0332 I!P!'ECT OF CARBON CONTENT AND TEST

TBMPEilATIJRE ON IMPACT STREM:lTH Of
20

0
FeY
'""'\ AIR MBLT AND VACUUM MELT ALLOY
(22, p.18)

0 200 600 800 1000 1200

TBMPP

PIG. 3.0323 I!PFECT OF TBSI' TBMPI!R AnJRE ON C~PRI!SSIVE

YIELD STRENGTH OF ANNBIILBD SHEET
(34, p. 24)

60

~
t40~--~~~----1---~----;

0
TBMP- F -400 400 800 1200
FIG, 3. 0331 I!PFI!CT OF TBSI' TI!MPI!R AnlRB ON IMPACT TEMP F
STREN:;TH OF liAR AT VARIOUSHARDNI!55 FIG. 3.0333 I!FFI!CT OF TEST TI!MPERA11JRE ON
LBVBLS (B) IMPACT STRENGTH OP?.l.LO Y HEAT
TREATED TO 51 RC (7)(11)

CODE 1218
PAGE 19
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS R.EYISEDo DECEMe.~f! 1:163

Fe
0.4 c
1~ ~--~~--~~~~r----;-----;
5 Cr
L3 Mo 5
0.5 v
H-11 Mod
100 k----.~--~Q~--~MQ~----S~----;,:100Q
TI!MPF
FK;. 3. 0351 BFFBCT OP TBSr TlliiPBRA"IU RB ON SHBAR
STRJWnlf OP HBAT TRBATBD BOLTS
flO)

Pe-(0.4C}-5 Cr-I.3Mo-o. sv
.....
80

60
--1--,r--- r---- Fsu
0.06UN 5118Irr
ANN
PIG. 3.03711 BFFBCT OF TBST TI!MPBRA"IURB ON
NCJ1'CH STRJWnlf FOR VARIOUS STRI!Ss
CON::BNrRA nON PACTORS OF SHBBT

~
(15. P.129)
lil
w
41: ~
'\
20
0 200 MQ a IOOQ 1200
TI!MP-P Fe-(0.~-SCr-t.Ar.o-o. svl
0.060 IN SIIBBT
FIG. 3.0352 BPPECT OP TBST TI!MPBRA"IURB ON SHBAR PRBHBAT 1450 F, 20-30 MIN
STRI!Kl"IH OP ANNBALI!D SHBBT AUST 1850 F. 2DMIN. AC
(84. p.24) TRIPLB TI!MPBR" 975P,I HRBACH
,- .......... ...
I
360 ...
Fe-(0. 4C)-5Cr-1. liMo-G. 5V ''
''

-
0. 064 IN SHBBT
ANN I
320 I ' ..:..
r
200
r-
--........,
..___ FBRU
~ 280

~
200 I60

--...... ~

--
240
160 ~ f\.
.......,
I - - - SMOOrn

o--... ~ ~\'\ 200 1 --- N(iQfi!D

1 ~~H
80

e/0
~~
.v
PBRY
160
80 tuJ
2.0

~
0 1.5
120
7"040
40 D -400 -200 0 200
TI!MP- p
0 200 MQ a IOOQ 1200
TI!MPP PIG. 3.03712 BFPBCT OF LOW TBSr TI!MPBRA"IURB
ON NOTCH STRI!Klnt OP SHBBT
FIG. 3.0361 BPPBCT OP TBST TI!MPBRA1URB ON BBARJK;
PROPERTIES OP ANNBALI!D SHBBT (26, p. 2::~
After: 2nd temper groumlto 0. 060 Ia aud ......,.,.e
(34. p. 33, 37}
~e decarburlzatl oo

CODE 1218
PAGE 20
 FeUH
"REV.ISEOo DE(:f;MBER 1963
FERROUS ALLOYS

P~{O. -K:)-SCr-1. :1110-0.5V

0.090 IN SHb'r
0.10 IN :iHBBT
AUSr 1850 P, 30 WIN, AC
1 Fe
320 TIDII'BII. 2 z lOC.O P 2.5 Hll BACH I'--
TBNMil2 z 10C!Q.~ 2.5 Hll BACH
0.4 c


FTtl

-...,J- ---- FTU

- 5 Cr
;

'
5 160
Pn. l:::::
~._;;; PTY
---
~~
'-~
1.3 Mo
0.5 v
v NBT .... &PniDI
/ v NBJ' F ACI"URB H-11 Mod

/ ~
........ 11\J -
STRBSS

o~

'
f::9:1o \
~0.100
ili 110 I
~ -~ FRACI"URB
VtRA~B
~
fo.320
ro
APPBARAK:S

- Al'PBARA!CB

-
F
...... r-- ~
. ..._
I--.- r-
rJ n r-e
'-...
_,. _.
PTY
~NBT~ I NBJ' FRACI"URB

110

J I STRi

o.D431N SHBBT I o. 063 IN SHBBT -~

TBMPBR 2z 1000 F, 2.5 ~BACH TBMl'BR 2 z 1000 P, 2.5 HllllAQI

f ~

FRA~B

-200 0
UFRACI"URB
ATRAK:B

:zoo 400
TBMP- F
0
J 200
APPBARA~B

liOO

FJG. 3.03713 BFFBCT OF TBSI'T11Ml'BRA1URB ON TBNSILB PROPBRnBS OF

UNCRACICBD SilBEr AN> ON NBT PRAC1URB STRBSS AND
PRACI"URB APPBARAK:B OF CRACICBD SilBEr (14, p. 20Z2)

Cndt dom!1oped bJ bJdroFn e~ ad~ ID 1/l ,wid.

~ ua1a.led ad beaOod 16 brat 400 P.

CODE 1218
PAGE 21
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISE[) QEC.!;MBER 1963

280
Pe(O. 4C)-5Cr-1.3Mo-G. SV
Fe I INDIA BAR
AUST1850P, 20MININSALT
0.4 c
5 Cr
1.3 Mo
0.5 v
H-11 Mod
lil
w

OL---~L---~L---~~--~
-100 0 100 200 300
TEMP- P
PIG. 3.03715 BPPIICT OP LOW TBST TBMPERA'IlJRB
ON NOTCH STRBKl'Ill OF BAR
(30, Tbla. 21-28)

~~!~--~-200~~~~0~~-~~--~~~~~-J
TBMP- P

PIG 3.03714 l!PPBCTOP LOW TBMPBRA1URBS, LOADIMl

280 Pe(0.4C)-SCr-1.3 o-O.SV
RATES AND STRESS CO!oCBNTRATION FACTORS
ON NOTCH STRBKl'Ill OP SHBBT 0.080 IN SHBBT
(29, p.IO) AUST 1850P, 20 MIN IN SALT

TBMP- P
PIG. 3. 03716 BPPBCT OF LOW TBST TBMPBR-
A'IlJRB ON NBT NOTCH STRBKl1H
OF SHBBT
(30, Thla, 21-:ZS)

CODE 1218
PAGE 22
 FeUH

REVISED DECEMBER 1963

FERROUS ALLOYS

100
Fe-(0.. <IC)SCr-1. 3Mo-D. SV
..
Fe
0.4 c
5 Cr
1.:3 Mo
0.5 v
H-11 Mod

~INDIA I
~ ~J,.
20 0.080 IN BET
AUSTIBSOF, 20MJ
IN SALT

IND~ SAWC~
O TEMPER 2x 2HR
13
~~
e IOOOP ....i..
3/8 A IOSOP
IIOOP ~';l{fi! Pl\~
40 FATIGUE PRECRACKBD TO 0. 7 IN 0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 IISOP CRACKED TO 0. 7 IN

TEMPF -100 0 100 200 300
FIG. 3.03717 EFFECT OF TBST TEMPERATURE ON NBT TEMP-P
NOTCH STRENGTH OF SHEET FIG. 3. 03722 EFFECT OF TBST TEMPERATURE
(3S,p.IS)
ON PLAN!! STRAIN FRACTURI!
TOUGHNESS OF SHI!BT
(30, TABLES 2128)

Fe-(0. 4C)5Crl. 3MoO. SV

100 IINDIA BAR
UST 1850 F, 20 MIN IN SALT

80

60

~...
"':w:. 40

20
+TEMPI!R 2 X 2 HR Y.!'
e
0.~
IOOOF
A IOSOP

~
0 IIOOF
"' 1150 F
-100 1000 200 300
TEMP I'
PIG. 3.03721 EPPBCT OF Tl!l>"T TEMPERATURE
ON PLANE STRAIN PRAC1URE
TOOOHNBSS OF BAR (30,1bl. 21 28)
Fatigue precracltelltu produce approximately
o. 355 In dlamete:r

CODE 1218
PAGE 23
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS
REVISED DECEMBER 1863

Fe Pe:~ t(..'j:KOr1.llloiO-U.5V

0.4 c 300 I
700 P- Pn, -am
5 Cr 1::::---
200 ~= I
1.3
0.5
Mo
v
280

150 -,
-
250 lOOP Pro. 2150 m
Z40 200 'IUU l'-
H-(1 Mod 150 ~---- ~
200
~
100
250
~:Jzilo P...,, 220U I

-- ----
lOOP
5 160
AT
150
900P
-
---
eL
128
100
1000 p
r--..._
10
e.:
10

~ 0.7
100
10

60
1000 p

~
F n t 1 r5 JCSI

-....... --..:::: -
---
40
60 40 '~
160 ~UPTUIU!

0.1 10 100
'
1000
120 1ihiB FlR

~
PK;. 3.1MI CRliBP RUFru!I.B CURVBS POll ALLO
Y AT
VARIOUS Sl'RI! Mlnl LBVB LSAT 700
liJ 1o 1000P
W (I)
10

40
0 200 300 400
TIIMP p
PK;. 3. 037Z3 BPPB CT OF TBSr TI!MPBRA1URB
ON NBT Sl'RBSS AH:I PRAC 'ruRB
TOOOHNBSS OP lilfBBT
(33,J1,121)

200 Pe-(0. 4C)-5 Cr1.3 Mo-0. .5V

0.040 IN SHBBT
Pro 190 m
900P lOOP

--::::r- - :-- -
-
--- --
100
10001 '
110

60
0.1 10 100 1000
'mm HR
PIG. 3.1M2 CRBBP RUP'IURB CURV
BS AT aooTO 1000 F POl
lilfBBT HBAT TRBATIID TO Pro 190
JCSI (I)

1COOE 1218
l PAGE 24
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS
REVISED DECEMBER 1963

300r-------r-------r-----~F~e~~=o-.n~-~sc=r~-'1.~~~-~~~~.s~y~ Fe
F'e-(0.4C)-5Cr-1. 3Mo-o.sv
PRBHBAT -1oo0 P, Atm" 1850 F', AC
0-~~jl'f<l[ TI!MPBR 1025 P, 2x. 2 HR TMAL 0.4 c
200 +2Ha
~~-----}------~~==~~~==~~~A~,
1000 p

-- - 1
5
1.3
Cr
Mo
1200 p
1110
--RUPJ'IJRit~
'::,...
0.5 v
80
P:.:::~~J:RBBP H-11 Mod
60
0.001 0.01 0.1
TIMB -HR
PIG. 3. 043 SHORT TIMB CRBBP AND CRBBP
RUPTURE CURVBS AT 1000 AND 1200 P
FOR SHBBT HBAT TREA1"1!0 TO
P 'IU a 290 KSI (20)

PIG. 3.053 SN CURVBS FOR NOTCHI!D AN> UNNOTCHI!O SPBCIMBNS

AT R<XN TllMPBRA'IURB
(28, p. 71, 72)

220 F~-(0. 4C)-5Cr-1. 3Mo-o_. 5V

PRBHBAT 1000F, Atm" 1850 F, A
TI!MPBR 10~2x 2 HR TarA
+2HR
200

180

100
iii 160
:.1
!2 80

140
60

120
40

100 lOOP
5
10 10 106
4 5 6 7 NUMBER OF CYCLBS
10 10 10 10
NUMBER OF CYCLBS
FIG. 3.054 SN CURVBS FOR NOTCHI!D AN> UNNOTCHI!D SPBCIMBNS
AT800F
PIG. 3.052 SN CURVBS FOR HBAT TRBATBD BAR (12) (28, p. 73, 74)

COOE 1218
PAGE 2S
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS
REVI~ED ~~CEMBER 1963

Fe Pe-(0 . 4cl-5 CrI.3 Mo-o .s

PRBHEAT IOOOF, AUST 1850P
0.4 c 200 1----+---~1--
. -
, AC
TBMPBR 1025P , 2x 2HR TOfAI.:
+2.HR
5 Cr
1.3 Mo
0.5 v
H-11 Mod i2

10

PIG. 3.055 SN CURVBS FOR NOTCHED AND

UNNOTCHBO SPECIMENS
AT 1000 p
(28, p. 75, 76)

.......... -
-

32

220 28
Pe(O. 4C)S Crl. 3MoO.S~
200
......... SURVIVAL
180 !'...
50%
160 .....
..... ,
' ...... 95%
. 99%
.....
.....
~.... -- --505%%
-..:-
120
------- ---9
--- m 16
.a. 7/8 IN BAR. 5S RC (7)
- - AUSFORMBO 90%
~ ;)o.0 641N SHEET, ANN (34)
- - - CO,E N110 NAL iEA 'IME 12
i

to6 to7 to 8
NUMBER OF CYCLBS 8
Ln-----~~----~400~--~6~00~--~soo~--~~=oo
PIG. 3. 056 SN CURVES FOR AUSPORMED AND o=---~~~~
CONVEN
TIONALLY HEAT TREA TED STEE TEM PP
L
(37, p.ll4 ) PIG. 3.062 1 MOOULUS OF ELASTICITY AT Roa.
f AN> ELEVATBO
TEMPBR.~nJIIES
(7)(9X34, P. II, 9)

CODE 1218
PAGE 26
~r&D~.~~~ .....,..,...._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
__ __________________
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

FeUH
REVISED DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

"'l.:r.~)'
36
Fe(O .fC)SCrJ .3MoO.S V Fe-(0. 40C)SCr 1. 3MoO. SV
HEAT TREATED Fe
lil
""32 - I

BAR
n; 260 KSI 0.4 c
~ E 5 Cr
~
T

28 160
1.3 Mo
30 35 so
40
ROCKWELL HARDNESS C SCALI!
<IS 55 60 0.5 v
FIG. 3.0622 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY FOR ALLOY HEAT
TREATED TO
VARIOUS HARDNESS LBVI!LS
(9) ~ 120 H-11 Mod

10 15 20 25 30
1000KSJ
FIG. 3.064 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES AT Roct.l AND
I!LBVATBD TI!MPBRA1URBS FOR BAR HEAT
TREATED TO ProP 260 KSJ (ll)

32 Pe-(0. 4C)5Cr-1 . 3MoO.SV

1850 P, 30 MIN, AC
Fe(O. 4C)5Crl . 3MoO.SV
+TifPBR 3 x HR 2
-/ ~
0.064 IN SHEET 1
'-.. ANN
320
28

~
".\2 1 I
~
Pro

280
ki- {lr
24
~ t'MANUAL WBJ.Dls

\
INERT G.~S SHIELDED
E
c
li!
:.c 240 ~0 "r~Jro,STBN ARC _

~~ ~ r\.
ME1liOD
~ 20 ~---<

16 \\
200
PTY

/<
1/..HODP STR~ ~
OPWBLD ED
VESSEL ~.... ~
160
12 /o PARENT METAL} 0 024 IN
"- BUTT WI!LDBD "
SHE;.._~
..._ ..,;
e WELDED VESSELS + 1325 P, 2 HR
120

--
8
0 200 600 800 1000 1200
~ 10
~

u
~
TI!MP P
~ 0
e (21N)
PIG. 3. 0623 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY IN COMPR BSSION AT 950 1000
1050 1100 1150 1200
ROOM AND ELEVATED TI!MPERA1URES OF
ANNEALED SHEET TI!MPBRING TI!MP p
FIG. 4. 031 EPPBCT OF TI!MPI!RING TI!MPBRA1URI! ON
(34, p. 28) STRBNG'Ill
OF WELDRD SHEET AND PRESSURE VESSELS (21)

CODE 1218
PAGE ,,.
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS
REVISED DECEMBER 1963

1600 14 Srawley , ]. B. and Beachem, C. D., "Crack Propaga

Fe Fe(CM )5Crl, 3Mo-0. 5V
Teats ol Some High Streugth Sheet Steels", NRL
tion
Ill NITRIDIID 48 HR Rep.
0.4 c ..:1 5263, (Jan. 10, 1959)

~ 15 Sachs, G. aDd Sessler, J.G., "Bffcct ol Streu

5 Cr
1200
'~ on TC118lle Strength of ntaDJum and Steel Alloy
Conceut radcm
Sheet at
1.3 Mo
..._0.5
__ v _,::!
! 800
16
Various Temper atures, " Amer. Soc. for Teatb!g
STP No. 287, (1960)
Cameron Iron Works, Inc., Houston, Texas,
Materia l,

"Report on
Evaluation of the ForseaJ>lllty and Mechan ical Properti
.

'
es of
Vaacoje t 1000 Alloy," Project ZAX14 , ZCLR-1
54,(1958 )
17 Shannon, ].L., Jr., Bapey, G.B., RepleD, .A.J.
i'- and Brown,
H-11 Mod W. F., ]r,, ".Bffect of Carboa Content and Meltb!g Practice
-4000 on Room Temper ature Sharp 13'd&e Notch Tentlle
0.008 0.016 o.o:u 0.032 Charsct erlarlca ol HU Modllled and 300M lilteet
Steels,"
CASB DI!PTH - IN Proceedb !gs of the ASTM. Vol. 60, (1960)
PIG. 4.0541 .EFFECT OF NITRID!Ml DI!PTH ON 18 AIResea rch, (1958)
HARDNESS 19 Clevelan d Fl>ewnatlc Tool Co (1958)
(9, p.15) 20 Internatl oaal Nickel Co. , (1958)'
21 Baloga, M... "Effect of Heat Treatme nt Var1atlo
ua oa the
Buratb!g Srrqth ol1bln Walled Pressur e Vessels
Fabricat ed
from Vascoje t 1000 Steel, "Martin Co., Rep. No.
BR 10121
5, (Sept. 1958)
22 Hamake r, J. B. , Ir. and Vater, B. J. , "Cuboo
5trcnstb
Relatton ahlpa oa 5 percent Chromiu m Ultra High
Strengtll
Steels," ProceediJ>&a ol the .ASTM, Vol. 60, (1960)
23
America n Iron and Steel Institute "High Temper
ature High
Strength Alloys", (Februa ry, 1963)
24 Crucible Steel Compaoy, "Halcom b 218 Hot Wort
Steel", Data
Sheet Issue No. 4, (Octobe r 1962)
25 Adams, ]. G. "The Determl llatlon ol Spectral l!mlsslv
ltlea
Rcllectl vltles and Aboorpt tvlttes ol Materia ls and
Coatb!g s",
Northro p Corpom tloa Report No. Nor. 61189, (August
3,1961)
26 Rice, L.P., Cambell, J,B. and Simmon s, W.F
.
"Bu1uat tan at rbe .Bffects ol Very Low Temper ature
on
lbe Properti es af .A1rcrsft and Missile Metals" ,
W.ADD
TR 60214, (Feb. 1960)
27 "Fractu re Teatb!g ollflab Str...rt~J Sheet Materia
l a" 3rd
Report af a ~ ASTM Clmmlt tee Maierla la
Reaearc b
and Standard s. Vol. I, (New, 1961)
28 Bi...Jerlct, R. F., "Fatigue and Dynamic Creep of High
Strength Steels" ASDID R-6248 0, (Aug. 1962)
29 Brisbane , A. W., "The Inveorlgatlon ol the Bflecttr
ol Loodb!g
Rale and Stress Concent ration Factors on lbe Notch
Properti es of Three Sheet Alloys at Subzero Temper
RBPBRBNCBS atures..,
.ASD IDR62 930, (March, 1963)
30 Hanna, G. L. and Steigerw ald, B.A., "Fractu re
Charact eristics
1 of Structur al Metals, " Pilla! Summar y Technic
AMS 6437, (Ncw.1, 1959) al Report
2 AMS 6485A, (JuDe 30, 1962) BR,5426 , TAPCO Division Thomps on Ramo Woolclg
ndge,
3 AMS 6487, (JuDe 30, 1962) Inc. , (JUDe 30, !963)
4 Narth Amertca n Aviation, Inc., Columbu s Dlv., 31 MArtla, C.P.,'-GerlEi!cb, W. w., MeCamont, ].M. and
"Thermo ld
A, Thermol d J and Vascoje t 1000 Steel Sleet Bvaluatl Harmon , r.::.L., "Reaear cb In rbe Mechan lam of
on" Strengthening In Auaform ed Steel", ASD IDR-62
Rep. No. NA 58H302 , (July 22, 1958) -692,
5 Narth America n Aviation, Inc., Colwnbu s Dlv., (Feb. 1963)
"Thermo ld J 32 Scrnka, R. P., Heise, R. B. I.Dd Roes, S. T.,
and Vaacoje t 1000 Bar and Billet Bvaluatl "Auaform
on," Rep. No. NA Procesab !g of Steel by Forging ", .ASD TR-614 28,
58 H416, (Oct. 9, 1958) (March
6 Vanadium Alloya Steel Co., "Inspect ion Results 1962)
on Vascoje t 33 Banergee, B. R. and Hauser, ].]., "Re-rc h and
1000 Billets lor North America n Aviation", Dora Application
Sleet, &afneer ll1g to Determi ne tbe .Bffect ol Proceaa b!g
(Sept. 1959) Variable s
7 Al!<!!heu y Ludlum Steel Corp., "AISI H 11 In Crack Propapt loa af UighStr engtb Steels and
or Potomac A," ntanlum ",
Data Sleet, (Sepr. 1959) .ASD IDR-62 1034, Part I, (Aprll19 63)
Crucible Steel Co. ol America , "Crucib le 218, Martens 34 Hennb!g, R.G. and Brls..ne. .A. W., "Mec:hanlcal
ltlc Properti es
Type High Temper ature Steel," (May 1958) ol AM 350, Potomac A, Patomac M. and Vasco
]et-1000
9 Vanadium Alloys Steel Co., "Vascoj et 1000 !or Ultra Steel Alloys In the Annealed Conditio n," .ASD IDR-63
High 116,
Str...rt~J S<rucrural Require ments," (1959) (May, 1963)
10 Ba~m~garrner, T., Standard Pressed Steel Co., 35 Srelgl.rwald, B. A. aDd Hanna, G. L., "Strain Aging
Rep. No. 86 and
(May 1957) Delayed Failure In HlghSrr engtb Sreela" ASD IDR-62
968,
11 Vanadhun Alloys Steel Co., "Mechanical and Physical (New. 1962)
Properti es ol Vaacoje t 1oo0," Dora Sleet, (Nov. 36 Yount, R. B., "Determ lnaUon ol l!ngiJieerlng Properti
4, 1958) es of
12 Boder, N. and Stmtovl ch, B.A., "Tensio n-Tensio Mar-Str alued Steele", ASD IDR62 230, (August
n Fatigue , 1962)
Properti es oiSCrM oV Steel Bar HentTr ented 37 ]uarusso n, W.M. and Zactay, V. W., "l!qriJie erb!g
to the 220 Properti es
270 kal Ultimate TensUe Strength Range;" Republl of Ausformed Steel," Metal Prqp:ea s, Vol.
82, No. 6,
c Aviation
Corp., BRMR 387G, (May 19, 1958) (Dec .. 1962)
13 Bapey, G.B., Jones, M.H. and Brown, W. P., Jr.,
"The
S...q 13'd&e Notch Tensile Strength s ol Several
High-Str ength
Steel Sleet Alloys, "Procee dings ol the ASTM, Vol.
59,
(1959)

COOE 1218
PAGE 28
 FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GBNBRAL melts; available for less critically stressed appllcatloos,

This medium alloy, secondary hardening steel achieves (1). Fe
tensile strengths up to 350 ksl with correspoodiJJg yield
strengths or 290 ksl by multiple tempering at 975 to 1.09 Special Conslderatloas
Neutral salt or procectlve atmosphere must be used to
0.5 c
1025F. Although multiple tempering Is time consuming, 1.091
It results In optimum stress relief with maximum hard- prevent decarburlzatlon or oxidation above 1400F, (1). Cr
ness, plus a rapid removal ol hydrogen and transform- 1.092 Close temperarure control must be maintained during
ation or retained austenite to spberoldlte. Thus the tempering, see also 1.054, (1). Mo
danger or hydrogen embrlnlement and possible trans- 1.093 At strength levels above Ftu E 200 ksl, care must be
formation to martensite In service Is reduced without a taken to avoid hydrogen embrlnlement, stress corro- w
loss In strength. Due to the high tempering temperature, sion, grl.ndiDg damage and almllsr embrlnllng ln-
the alloy maintains stable properties up to !OOOF. The nuences, (1). v
steel bas good formability In the annealed condition and 1.094 Alloy can be baked at 875F to 9SOF, after platlug, grind- L - - - - - . . 1
can be welded and beat treated with minimum distortion. 1ng or similar stress or hydrogen Inducing operations,
The strength or this alloy Is lncreaed considerably with provided that the platlug material can wlthatand the Vasco MA
no appreciable loss In ductility, by working the alloy In temperarure, (1).
the metastable austenite condition before transformation
to spberoldlte or martensite (ausformlng), (1). 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPBRTIBS

1.01 Commerclsl Designation 2.01 Thermal Properties

Vascojet M-A Ultra High Strength Steel, Vasco MA. 2,0ll Melting range.
2.012 Phase changes. Transforms on slow coollug from aus-
1.02 Alternate Designations tenite to spberoldlte:
Matrix 2 Steel. Vasco Y-2 (obsolete). AI 1380 to 1430F,
A3 1530 to 1610F, approximately,
1.03 Speclllcatlons Ms 430F, (1),
1.031 Company speclllcatlons. 2,0121 Time-temperature-transformation curve, Fig. 2. 0121.
Standard Pressed Steel Co., SPS-M-166 (Speclllcatlon for 2.013 Thermal conductivity
fastener materlst. (4). 2.014 Thermal expansion. (RT to lOOOF) 6. 4 x 10-6 In per In
perF, (7).
1.04 Composition 2.015 Speclllc heat
Alloy contains 0. SSC plus 12 percent alloying elements 2.016 Thermal dllfuslv!ty
(CrMo-W-V). Speclllc chemical composition available
on request from producer. 2.02 Other Physical Properties
2.021 Density. 0. 285 lb per cu In, 7. 92 gr per cu em, (1).
1.05 Heat Treatment, (1). 2.022 lllectrlcal Properties
1.051 Anneal 2.023 Magnetic properties. Alloy Is highly magnetic but be-
1.0511 Full anneal. 1600F to !6SOF, cool at SOF per hour maxi- comes nonmagnetic at temperatures above 1400 to !SOOF.
mum to below lOOOF. 2.024 Emissivity
1.0512 Intermediate anneal. 1200F to !300F, 1 to 4 hours, air 2.025 Damping capacity. Logarithmic decrement 1. 3 x 10"4,(1).
cool, to restore ductility to machined or formed parts.
1.052 Stress relief. 875 to 9SOF, 2 to 4 hours for finished 2.03 Chemical Properties, (1).
heat treated parts after grinding, machining or 2.031 General, The general corrosion resistance Is low and
sttalghtenlng. surface protection Ia required.
1.053 Austenltlze. Preheat at 1350 to 16SOF, 30 minutes, plus 2,032 Corrosion by gases. Hydrogen embrittl0!11ent may occur
2025 to 20SOF In molten salt or protective atmosphere, after hydrogenating treatments at the high strength
hold 5 to 10 minutes at temperature. Quench In molten conditions. Approved plating methods should be followed
salt (750 to 11SOF) or air cool In moderate sections; by baking at temperatures from 375F, for 23 hours (for
oil quench heavier sections, see also I. 09. low heat resistant plating) to 9SOF, for heat resistant plating.
1.054 Double or triple temper at 975 to 1200F, depending upon 2,033 Oxidation. Slight oxidation, resulting In a tight scale,
strength desired, 1 to 4 hours each temper, cool to !SOF occurs at the upper end or the operatlug temperature range.
maximum each temper. Tempering temperatures should 2.034 Protective measures. For room temperature applications,
be held within :t !OF, but the second temper can be SOF paint, plating, vapor deposition and other coatings may
lower or slightly higher than the first to obtain desired be used. At elevated temperatures, aluminum silicone
strength. For effect of tempering temperarure on tensile plate, nickel-cadmium dllfuslon plating (ASM-2416),
properties ol bar, see Fig. :;.0213 and 3.0214. nickel-zinc plate (ASM 2417) may be used.

1.06 Hardness 2.04 Nuclear Properties

1.061 Bnd quench hardenablllty, Fig. 1. 061.
1.062 This steel hardens fully In large sections. However, 3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
heavy sections may require 10 to !SF lower tempering
temperature to acquire the same hardness as light 3.01 Specllled Mechanical Properties
secUons. 3.011 Company speclllcatlons (minimum properties for fasten-
1.063 Effect or tempering temperature and multiple tempering ers), Table 3.0ll. TABLE 3,0ll
on hardness or bar, Fig. 1.063. 4
Source
1.064. Effect of ausformlng on hardness for various tempering p.,.lQ,SCl-Cr-Mo-W-V
'llnv
temperarures, Fig. 1. 064. Fnrm Bar, rod, wire
Austcnltlzed +triple temper 1025F,
1.07 Forms and Cl'll<iltlons Available Condition
:t 25F, 2 hr
I. 071 Alloy Is available In the commercial range or sizes for
Sneclflcatlon SPS-M-166
bar, wire, forgings, forging stock (up to 16 Inch square K IUUU
or 7500 pounds), and sheet, Normally furnished In the remo- F
annealed condition. Various finishes are available In- Fru mln-ksl 300 (a) 215
cluding hot rolled, cold-drawn, turned or ground. Ffli, mln-ksl 240 i70
c( D), min-percent 7.0 5.0
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice RA, min-percent 20.0 20.0
1.081 Melting. Consumable electrode vacuum melts; recom- Hardness RC 56-58 -
mended for high strength levels. lllectrlc furnace air (a) Ftu min shoul~ be 290 ksl after exposure at 9SOF for
100 hours.

CODE 1219
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1966

...............

3.05 Fatigue Properties

3.02 Mechanical Pr!!!!!!!!ies at Room Temi!!!ature
Fe See also 3. 03.
3.051 S-N curve for heat treated bar, Fig. 3. 051.
3.052 S-N curve for heat treated bolt and nut assemblies, Fig.
0.5 c 3.02i Tension. Minimum tensile properties. Table 3. 021.
TABLE 3.021
3.052.

Cr s.,urce 3 2 3.06 mastic Properties

Allov Fe .fl. 5C}CrMo-WV a_l 3.06! Poisson's ratio. :l. 266.
Mo Form Bar Base Fabr 3.062 Modulus of elasticity at room and elevated temperatures,
Material Bolts Fig. 3.062.
w Condition Ann HT to Fru as shown HT
3.063
3.064
Modulus of rigidity. G = ll. 9 x JoJ ksi (typical)(3).
Tangent modulus curves at room and elevated tempera-
Size -In dla
v F1w min ksl !tS 250 300 320 40 350 360 325
0 13 1}_4
316 tures for heat treated bar, Fig. 3.064.
F , min ksl 48 215 265 275 ~80 290 290 285 3.065 Secant modulus curves at room and elevated tempera-
260
Vasco MA
'Jltn)mlnpercent 25 7 6 6 5 5 5 7.4 - tures for heat treated bar, Fig. 3. 065.
RA, min - percent 55
Hardness,
20 20 20 20 20 IS 31 - 4. FABRICATION
RB 89-93
RC -50 56 57 58 60 6!
(a) Consumable vacuum melted.
- - 4.01
4.0ll
Formablllty, (!)
General. This alloy, In the fully annealed condition, can
be formed by all common methods.
3.0211 Stress-strain curves for bar tempered to various strength 4.0!2 Forging. Starting temperature !950F maximum, finishing
levels, Fig. 3. 0211. temperature 1650F minimum. Recommended forging
3.02!2 True stress-true strain curves for bar tempered to var- practice Includes preheatin<; r,~ 1300F, forging at !925F,
Ious strength levels, Fig. 3. 0212. and continuous cooling In b;rn.,c~ to 300F maximum.
3.02!3 Elfect of tempering temperature on tensile properties of 4.0!3 Straightening can be perfot 'ne:! eltr:er during cooling
bar, austenltlzed at 2050F, Fig. 3. 02!3. from austenltizing or during heatin6 tor tnpering.
3.02!4 Elfect of tempering temperature on tensile properties of
bar, austenltlzed at 2025F, Fig. 3.02!4. 4.02 Machining and Grinding, (1/
3.02!5 Relation between tensile properties and hardness, Fig. 4.02! General. Rough machining Is general:y pm"!::rmed on the
3.02!5. alloy In the fully annealed <.Jndltlon.
3.02!6 Elfer.t of ausformlng on tensile properties at room tempera- 4.0211 Cutting angles for turnlrg !:><>Is, Table 4. 0211.
ture, Fig. 3. 0216.
3.022 Compression.
Source
..
TASI f'-4
-:. 02ll
3.022! Stress-strain diagrams 7
3.023 Impact Allov Fe- 0.5C -cr-Mo-W-V
3.023! Elfect of tempering temperature on Charpy V notch Description Cutting angles for turning tools {deg)
Impact strength, Fig. 3. 023!. Slruz!e oolnt Slntered carbide tinned
3.024 Bending Side rake 8-12 4d2
3.025 Torsion and shear Back rake 6-10 2-5
3.0251 Double shear strength of heat treated bolts. Side relief 7-10 5-10
l/4-28NF bolt, 204 ksl, End relief 7-10 5-10
l/2-20NF bolt, 191 ksl, End -cutting-edge angle 8-15 8-12
F tu = 316 ksl, (2). Side cutting-edge angle !2-18 10-!6
3.026 Bearing Nose radius I 0% of cut depth 1/32 Inch
3.027 Stress concentration
3.0271 Notch properties 4.022 Grinding o"r heat treated parts must be conducted wlth care,
3.0272 Fracture toughness using etchants to check for damage. Stress relief tempers
3.028 Combined properties should be employed whenever possible.
4.023 Sulphurized or chlorinated oils containing sulphur should
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures be used as lubricants with high speed steel cutters.
3.03! Tension
3.0311 Strcssstraln curves at room and elevated temperatures 4.03 WeldlJJg, (!).
for 320 ksl tensile strength level , Fig. 3. 0311. 4.03! General. Fusion welding may be accomplished with
3.0312 Strcssstraln curves at room and elevated temperatures Inert gas shielding or costed electrodes. Since this
for 350 ksl tensile strength level, Fig. 3.0312. steel Is air hardening, preheating to 500 to 1000F Is
3.0313 Effect of temperature on rensllP. properties of bar tem- recommended. The welded port Is usually coolt<i slowly
pered at IOOOF und !075F, Fig. 3. 0313. to 200F, followed by Immediate tempering to 1250 to
3.03!4 Elfecl of nusformlng on tensile properlics at elevated 1400F for softening to permit final straightening and
temperatures, Fig. 3.0314. sizing without cracking.
3.03!5 Maximum temperature for stability of tensile properties
for various exposure times, Fig. 3.03!5. 4.04 Heat Treatment, (!)
3.032 Compression 4.041 Furnace atmosphere for annealing and austenltlzlng should
3.0321 Stressstrain diagrams be controlled in either Inert gas or vacuum, to prevent
3.033 Impact decarburlzatlon and scaling. Salt baths are recommended
3.033! Elfect of room and elevated temperature on Charpy V for austenltlzing and quenching. Neutral pocking compoWlds
notch Impact strength, Fig. 3.0331. may also be used. Protective surface coatings may be
3.034 Bending employed to minimize surface chemistry changes during
3.035 Torsion and shear heat treatment.
3.036 Bearing 4.042 Removal of high temperature salt or discoloration on air
3.037 Stress concentralion cooling muy be prevented by using a salt quench bath or
3.0371 Notch properties cooling within a protective atmosphere.
3.0372 Fracture toughness 4.043 Preheating at !350F to !650F Is recommended.
3.038 Comblnt"<l properties
4.05 Surface Treatment, (I)
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties 4.051 H:gh strength ports should be cleaned by mechanical
methnds. Pickling or cathodic cleaning arc not per-
missible.

CODE 1219
PAGE 2
 FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS

Corrosion and oxidation protection are provided by a 1600

variety of surface coatings, see 2. 034.
Fe-o.sc -cr-Mo-w-v Fe
c
~' ~
0.5
1200 Cr
Fe-o. sc-cr-Mo-W-V Mo
70
w
- v
___:~~~
--2050 F
QUBrED FROOI TEMP
INDICATr
Ms
\
'
_,
51{, \
(~
........
.................... Vasco MA
so M sow,
0 10 20 30 40 so
DISTANCE FROOI QUENCHED END- SIXTEENTH IN

FIG. 1. 061 END QUENCH HARDENABILITY (l, p. 5)

0
o. ()1 0.1 1 10 100
TIME- HR

64 FIG. 2.0121 TIME-Tl!r.(PERATURE-TRANSFORMATION CURVE

j Fe-o. sc-cr-Mo-W-V (l,p.:;)
7/8 IN CVM .BAR
Ill
..I 2D;;OF,S MI~UOSOF,SALTQ.
.AC + 2 HF TEMPER
~ 60
~
tJ

~
~0:
56 ~
;!
..I
..I 52 !TEMPER
Ill
lJ; e SINGLE
"'g
0:
oousLE
TRlPJ..B
411Joo 950 1000 1050 uoo uso
TEMPERING TEMP - F

FIG. 1.063 EFFECTS OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE

AND MULTIPLE TEMPERING ON HARDNESS
OF BAR (I, p. 7) 480
Fe-o. sc-cr-Mo-w-v
CVM BAR

400
TEMPBRING TEMP

975 F
320
1000 F
1025 F
1050 F
1075 F
~
tJ 240
0: llOO F
USO F

1200 F
160
1300 F

80H----+----4-----~--~

0
o~--~o~.040~--~0~.0~80~--~0~.1~20~~0~.160
TEMPERING TEMP F STRAIN - IN PER IN
FIG. 1.064 EFFECT OF AUSFORMING ON HARDNESS FOR FIG. 3. 0211 STRESSSTRAIN CURVES FOR BAR
VARIOUS TEMPERING TEMPERATURES TEMPERED TO VARIOUS STRENGTH
(6) LEVELS (1, p. 12)

CODE 1219
PAGE 3
FeUH
FERROUS AU.OYS
RE"VI SED MARCH 196E

480
Fe F -o.sc-cr- Mo-W-V Fe0.5C- cr-Mo-w -v
CVM BAR
480 t---+ -- CVM BAR
0.5 c 400
1000 F
1025 F
AUST 2025 F, 5 MIN
1050 F, SQ
Cr 1050 F +TEMPE R 2+2+2 HR
1075 F
Mo 1100 F 400
320
w
1150 F
v 320
~ 240 1200 F
:.(

VascoM A
~ 240
160

160
80

80
0
0 0.20 0.40 0.60
TRUB STRAIN - IN PER IN
0
FIG. 3.0212 TRUB STRBSSTRUB sntAlN
40
CUll_VBS FOR BAR TBMPBRBD ~
<zl
TO VARIOUS STRBNG1li LBVBLS u
(l,p.l2) a:
...<zl
0
950 1350

FIG. 3.0214 EFFECT OF TEMPBRIII(; TEMPER A-

Feo{).5C -cr-MoW -V TURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
CVMBAR BAR,AUSTBNITIZBD AT 2025 F
2050 F, 5 MIN, ~1. p .11)
1050 F, SQ,
TEMPER 2+2
FeO. 5C-CrM o-w-v
CVM
360

~
320
j

280 I.J-
240
FTuj_ (j_
I LL VFTY
~

160
/_ j_
120
'
L L7

1050 1150 1250 1350

I
TEMPBRJN:i TEMP - I
80
FIG. 3.0213 EFFECT OF TEMPBR1N:l TBMPBRA- 30 10 so 60 70
TURB ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF RCX:KWEi..J. HARDNESS C - SCALE
BAR AUSTBNITIZI!D AT 2050 F
FIG. 3. 0215 RELATION BBTWBEN TENSILE PRQ-
(1, p. 10)
PBRT1ES AND HARDNESS (1, p. 7)

CODE - 1219
PAGE 4
 FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS

500 400
Fe-O.SCCrMo-W-V Pe-o.5CCr-Mo-w-v Fe
PTU 320KSI
CVM 0.5 c
400 320~----+-----4-----~
Cr
Mo
iil
:..: 300 w
v
200
'Iasco MA
A. A CONVENTIONAL
100 e o AUSFORMED 91%
40

ffit) 20 O.OOol 0,008 0.012

0:: STRAIN IN PBR IN
"'"' PIG. 3.0311 STRBSS.STRAIN CURVBS AT
0 BLBVATBDTBMPBRATURBS POR
400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 320 KSI TENSILE STRENGTH LEVEL
'(1, p. 15)
TEMPERlll TEMP F
PIG. 3,0216 EFFECT OF AUSFORMI~ ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
AT ROOd TEMPERATURE (6)

400
Pe-o.sc-cr-Mo-w-v
PTU 350KSI
CVM
320 1-----1----+---1
40
Pe-o. SCCrMoWV
CVM
AUSTENITIZBD
30
e 2050 F
0 2025 F

"'
..l
20
t:
10

0 0.004 0.0011 0.012

950 1050 1150 1250 1350
STRAIN 1N PBR IN
TEMPERIN:i TBMP P
PIG. 3. 0312 STRBSS STRAIN CURVB l"OR
FIG. 3, 0231 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA 350 KSI TBNSILB STRENGTH
TURE ON CHARPY V NOTCH IMPACT LBVBL (1, p. 15)
STRENGTH (1, p. 14)

CODE 1219
PAGE
FeUH
FERROU S ALLOYS REVISE"DMAR0.1 l~66

360
Fe ........ ....
Fe O,SC CrMoWV

0.5 c ........... TBMPERINJ

Cr
320
....... 1100 TEMP F

,,:}~-
(..,.._ F 1150

'--;~r-
Mo u.
280 1100

-~
w lil
:.: TU- "'ill
1000
FnrKSI
v __
1-o 1050
250
240 1000
900
TEMPERED AT 300
Vasco MA e !OOOF
345
"" 1075F
200 350
BOO
10 102 tal toS
EXPOSURE TIME HR
FIG. 3,0315 MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE FOR
STABILITY OF TENSILE PROPERTIES
FOR VARIOUS EXPOSURE TIMBS
(1)

TEST TEMP F
FIG. 3.0313 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF BAR TEMPERED AT !OOOF
AND 1075F (7)

IBCHARPYV

r-----r -----r- ---;

e PTU 300 KSI
0 FTU 345 KSI

0~--~----~----~
500 r-----r-----r-----~----~-----r----0 0 400 BOO 1200
Fe O,SC CrMoWV TEMP F

PIG. 3.0331 BPFI!CT OP ROOM AND ELEVATED

TEMPERATURES ON CHARPY V
N<JrCH IMPACT STRENJTH
(1, p. 17)

240
Pe-o. 5<:.-<:r~wsZt

200 p...,_
200

~0 360 KSI

~
100
80
A "- CONVENTIONAL,

0
TEMPERED 1075F
AUSFORMED 91%,
TEMPERED IOSOF
i2 160 " ~
fTU-350

~~
RA
"'
u 40
120
ffi
a.

0 "
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 5 6 7
10 10 10
TEST TEMP F NUMBER OF CYCLES
FIG. 3,0314 EFFECT OF AUSFORMINJ ON TENSILE PROPERTIES AT
PIG. 3, 051 SN CURVE FOR HEAT TREATED BAR
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (6) (1, p. 17)

CODE 1219
PAGE 6
 FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS
"'.':"'
::0.
Pe-o.sc-Cr- Mo-w-v
CVMBAR
Fe

320
PTU350KS ! 0.5 c
600:~
~\
Cr
900P
~p Mo
240
w
~
1000 p_j

v
160
Vasco MA
~~----
3 ~--~~--~----~----~ 80
5 6
10 10 10 I 07
NUMBeR OF CYCLI!S

FIG. 3. 052 SN CURVI!S FOR HeAT TReATeD BOLT AND 0

NUT ASSeMBLII!S (2) 0 10 20 30 40
1000 KSI

FIG. 3.065 SBCANf MOOULUS CURVI!S AT Roa.t

AND eLBVATJIDTeMFl!!'.ATURI!S FOR
f. Fe-o. SC-Cr-Mo-w -v HeAT TReATeD BAR (1, p. 19)
32 CVM

28 I"
'
~
~ 24 ~

20
0 ~ 1200 1600
TeMP P

PIG. 3.062 MODULUS OF eLASTICO'Y AT Roa.t

AND eLBVATIID TBMPeRATURI!S
(1, p. 18)

~~--~----P~e~-o~.s~c--c~r-~M-o--w--v-,
CVMBAR
PTU 350 KSI
320~R~T~~+-----~----~----~
600P
SOOF
240 ~p
900l' RBPBRBNCeS
1000 P.
Vanadium Alloys Steel Co., "Vascojet MA, A New Ultra
High Strength Steel for Structural Requirement s," (1961)
2 Gowen, e. T. , Jr. and Waeltz, R. , "A 300, 000 pal Mini
mum TensUe Strength Fastener Assembly for Use to 550 P, "
Standard Pressed Steel Co., Rep. No. 659, Ouly 1961)
3 "Properties and Fabrication Vasco Y2 CVM Ultra High
Strength Steel," Vanadium Alloys Steel Corp., Qune 1961)
4 Gowen, B. F., Jr. and Waeltz, R., "l!xternal Wrenching
Bolt and Featherweigh t Locknut with 300, 000 pal Strength
at Room Temperature and 240, 000 pal Strength at 900 F, "
0 Standard Pressed Steel Co., Report No, 701, (Dec. 1961)
o~--~1~0----~20~-A~3ou_--~.o 5 "New Ultra High Strength Steel," Materials In Design
1000 KSI Bng!neerlng, Vol. 54, No.4, (October 1961)
6 JulltUuon, W. M. and Zackay, V. F., "Bnglneerlng Proper
~ I FIG. 3.064 TAI'I:leNI' MODULUS CURVI!S AT ties of Ausformed Steels, " Metal Progress, Vol. 82, No.6,
I ~
Roa.t AND eLBVATf!DTBMPBRA (December 1962)
TURI!S FOR HeAT TReATeD BAR 7 Alloy Digest, "Vascojet MA (CVM)," FlUng Code SA ISO,
(1, p. 18) Bnglneerlng Alloys Digest, Inc. , Ouly I 963)

CODE 1219
PAGE 7
REVISED= SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS
AUTHOR= DR. R. P. WEI

1. GENERAL 1.0411 ASTM specifioo composition, Table 1. 0411.

'This steel is one of a class of maraging types that
TABLE 1 0411
Fa
develops yield strengths up to 350 ksi primarily as a
result of complex precipitation reactions In a very low Source ASTM (1, p. 819) 18 Nl
Alloy Fe~SNI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-AJ_
carbon Fe- Ni martensite. The marag!ng steels were
designed to have superior resistance to crack propaga- Form Plates 7.5 Co
Type of Analysis Ladle Check
tion at high strength levels. In the 18Ni marag!ng steels, 5 Mo
Percent Permissible
transformation from austenite to martensite occurs \'sriations -
above room temperature (200 to 400 F). High strength is Element
Minimum Maximum Perc<!nt Tl
then developed by aging. Three compos!Uon ranges have
been specified corresponding to typical yield strength Carbon - 0.03 -1().005
AI
grades of 200, 250, and 280 ksl, the latter grade being Manganese - 0.10 -+0.03
more frequently deeignated as 300 ksi. The various Phosphorus - 1).010 -+0.002
yield strength grades differ principally in the amounts of Sulfur - 0.010 -+0. 002
18NI (250)
titanium, molybdenum, and cobalt in the composition. Silicon
Nickel
-
17.0
0.10
19.0
-+0. 02
_!0.20
(Materials with yield strength up to 350 ksi may be ob- ,:t0.20 Maraolno
Cobalt 7.0 8.5
tained from some producers through further adjustments ,:t0.10
Molybdenum 4.6 5.1
in composition, see FeUH 1225-18Ni (300) marag!ng -+0.05
Titanium 0.30 0.50
steel.) The nominol composition of the 250 grade is
Aluminum 0.05 0.15 3>.o3
Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5~1o, with titanium In the range 0.3 to
0.5 percent. The actual strength level and toughness Boron* 0.003 -
will vary con.!liderably within the composition limits and Zirconium* 0.02 -
can also depcml Rlrongiy on the prOOC'9~lng history. High Calcium* 0.05 -
fracture toughness, compa.!':ld w.lth the older types of
lron Balance -
quenched and tcu:.pered steels, characterizes properly * Additions
processed sheet product. The toughness and Impact
properties of heavy sections are superior to those of
conventional medium carbon, low alloy, ultrahigh- 1.0412 AMS, specified composition, Table 1.0412.
strength steels heat treated to comparable tensile
strength levels. However, the fracture properties of TABLE 1 0412
heavy sections can b11 directional nnd arc lowest In the Source AMS (2)
short transverse direction. 'This directionality is in- EOy Fe-18NI-7. 5Co-5Mo-TI-Al
fiuenced by the melting and processing conditions. Cor- Form CVM,Sheet, Strip, and Plate
rosion and oxidation resistance are somewhat better Element
Percent
than 4340 steel. Resistance to environment assisted Minimum Maximum
crack propagation is better than 4340 steel at an equiva- Carbon - 0.03
lent level of tensile strength. Hydrogen embrittles the Manganese - 0.10
maraging steels, but they exhibit a greater tolernncc for
hydrogen than conventional low alloy steels. Formabi-
Phosphorus
Sulfur
-
-
0.010
0.010
lity is excellent In the annealed condition. The steel is
readily machined In the annealed condition and can be
Silicon
Nickel
-
17.00
0.10
19.00
machined In the fully aged condition. A high degree of Cobalt 7.00 8.50
dimensional stability is maintained throughout heat treat- Molybdenum 4.60 5.20
ment. Welding requires special precautions and the Titanium 0.30 0.50
toughness of the weld deposit is generally below that of Aluminum 0.05 0.15
the parent metal. Boron* 0.003
Zirconium* 0.02
Calcium* 0.05
lron Balance
* Additions
1.01 Commercial Designation
18Ni Marag!ng Steel, 18NICoMo, 18-7-5, Vasco Max
250 CVM, RSM 250, ALMAn 18, Marvac 250. 1.042 Producers specified composition, Table 1.042.

TABLE 1 042
Source Tal
1. 02 Alternate Designations Alloy Fe-18NI-7. 5 Co-5Mo-TI- Al
18Ni (250) marag!ng steel, 250 grade marag!ng steel, Type of
18 percent nickel precipitntion-har dening steel, Grade Analysis Ladle Check
B-MAR-18-250. Percent Percent
Element
Minimum Maximum Under Minimum Over Maximum
Cru:oon - 0.02 - 0.01
!
Manganese - 0.10 - 0.01
Phosphorous -- 0.010
0.010
-
-
(I.O'J&
0.003
Sulfur
1. 03 SPecifications
Sill con
Nickel 1~.0l'
- 0.10
19.00 0.20
- O.O.l
0.20
ASTM A538-65, Grade B for plates (1, pp. 818-821) 8.50 0.15 0.15
Cobalt 7.00
AMS 6520, CVM sheet, strip, nnd plate (2). !;.00 O.lt' 0.10
Molybdenum 4.60
Tltnnium O.:JO 0.50 0.04 11.04
Aluminum 0.05 0.15 0.02 0.01
Boron - O.COS l - 0.003
- -
I
Zirconium* 0.02
Calcium* o.os - -
1.04 Composition
lron Balam." - -
*Additions
1.041 5Pecl(ied composition.
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970

Fe
1.05
1.051
Heat Treatment
Anneal. 1450 to 1650F, 1 hour per Inch of thickness,
15-30 minutes minimum, air cool, generally recom-
1.082 lnlluence of carbon content on the room temperature
properties of laboratory vacuum melted plate, Table
L
1.082.
18 Ni mended. Double annealing treatment of 1650-1700 F,
1 hour, air cool, plus 1500-1550 F, 1 hour, air cool,
7'.5 Co Is also recommended . Selection of an optimum anneal-
ing temperature in terms of strength and toughness will TABLE 1 08~
~

5 Mo depend on the prior thermal-mech anical history. Gen-

Source (10, p. 140)
erally, annealing temperature should be kept below !AllOy Fe-18NI-7. 5Co-5Mo-TI-A i
Ti 1800 F to prevent excessive grain coarseaing and to
Form Lab Vacuum Melted Plate, L
Condition 1500F, 1 Hr, AC + 900F,
AI avoid thermal embrittlement (see 1.094).
1.052 Age. 700-950 P, air cool. Full age is generally recom- 1500F, 1 Hr, AC 3 Hr, AC
Carbon Content,
mended, 875-925F, 3 hours, air cool. Broad latitude
Percent 0.027 0.004 0.027 0.004
18Ni (250) in aging treatment Is available through proper combina-
Ftu -ksi 144 137 245 240
tions of aging time and temperature. Structures that
are badly segregated may not nge in a normal manner Fty -ksi 107 109 239 230
Maraolno and austenite reversion may be encountered. Structures
e(1in) -percent 17 18 11 13
that have undergone austenite reversion may be re- RA -percent 74 82 53 65
stored to strength by rennneallng and aging. I>Jplex IE CharpyV-ft-lb 78 173 20 39
aging treatmente may be used to provide some increase
in strength (see 3. 021). Aging a!ter severe cold work-
ing should be avoided (see 1.09).
1.053 Special considerations . Decarburizatio n limits are not
applicable to this steel because or the low caroon con-
~ .09 Special Considerations
tent. Care should be taken, however, to avoid surface
carburization, sulfurization, and excessive oxidation. 1.091 General. 111c heat to heat variability of this steel with-
The use of cracked ammonia as a protective atmosphere in the composition limits given in Tables l. 041 and
during annealing treatments can introduce hydrogen into 1.042 Is higher than that normally encountered for low-
this steel and produce embrlttlement under certain con- alloy heat-treated steels such as 4340. Special con-
ditions. Embrittlemen t is less severe for air cooling sideration should also be given to directionality of
from annealing temperature than for water quenching, mechanical properties, the possibility of high tempera-
and is eliminated by the standard aging treatment (see ture cmbrittlement , and the high tolerance for hydrogen.
1.095). Weldmcnts present special problems which are dis-
cussP.d under 4. 03.
1.092 Variability of properties. The yield strength and
1.06 Hardness toughness or aged material will vary from heat to heat
1.061 Typical hardness for annealed condition, 28 to 35 Rock- within the specified composition limits (c. g., sec Fig-
well C (4)(5)(6). ures 3.0217, 3.0234, 3.027151, and 3.0272). The
1.062 Typical bnrdn,ss for fully aged material, 48 to 52 Rock- variation In strength Is caused primarily by differences
well C (4)(5)(6). In the content of strengthening clements, and also a-
1.063 Effect of annealing temperature and aging on hardness, rises from differences In the melting and processing
Figure 1. 0 63. history (11)(12)(13). Generally the toughness will de-
1.064 Effect of aging temperature and time on hardness, crease with those factors that tend to Increase the
Figure 1. 064. yield strength, such as cold work retained after an-
1.065 Hardenabllity. Air cooling from anneal followed by eallng, increased titanium content (sec Figure 3. 02712,
aging produces full hardness in heavy section (4)(5)(6). FcUH 1225) or reduced testing temperature (St!C 3.0371
and 3.0372). The Influence or melting practice on the
Forms and Conditions Available mcchanicnl properties is not wc!l understood, however,
This steel is avallable in bar, rod, wire, sheet, strip, toughness Is Improved with a reduction In the residual
plate, tubing, shapes, extrusions, and forgings in the clement content (see Table 1. 082) and Is affected by
hot worked or annealed condition. Sheet is also avail- processing history (sec 1.094). At this lime, It Is re-
able in the anncalc;l and cold worked condition. commended that for critical applications UJC aging re-
sponse regarding strength and toughness be dctcrmln~d
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice for each heat.
Electric furnace alr melting with or without vacuum de- 1.093 Directionality. Heavy sections of this alloy and other
gaBBing, induction vacuum melting, consumable elec- high-strength steels can exhibit a banded structure
trode vacuum remelting. Low carbon content and low which is associated with alloy scgrcgntlon. If the bands
residual element content require high quality raw mat- contain a high concentration of nonmetallic Inclusions
erials. Vacuum melting is recommended . For im- (titanium carbides/nitri des, titanium sulfides or oxides~
proved fracture toughness, carbon should be kept well the short transverse ductility and toughness may be
below the specified 0.03 percent maximum (sec 1.082 considerably lower than the corresponding longitudinal
to 1.092). properties (sec Tublc 3.02165 and Table 3.027214).
1.081 Room temperature tensile properties of air and vacuum Under these circumstances , the banding can result in
melted slab, Table 1. 081. dcl:uninaUons or splitting In the plane or the bands. In
severe cases, splitting may occur during shearing or
forming operations, or may be produced by thermal
stresses Induced by name (or plasma-arc) cutting or
welding. It should be noted that In banded structures,
TABLE 1 081 tl1c apparent fracture toughness for cracks propagating
Source (9) In a direction perpendicular to the bands will be higher
Allov Fe-18NI-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-A l than that for cracks 1-"fopagntlng In the other directions
Form 2 1/2 to 2 3/4 In Thick Slabs, because of momentary crack arrest and reinitiation at
Short Transverse the del ami nations (sec Tables 3. 027213 and 3. 027214)
Molting Practice Air Melt CVM (14)(15). The presence of these Inclusions reduces the
Ftu- ksi 275 280 gonerallcvcl of ductility and toughness In the other
Ff[- ksl 260 268 directions (10). The degree or banding and its infiucnce
e( in) - percent 3 10 on the mechanical properties Is related to the melting
RA- percent 25 35 and processing practices employed. In this respect
particular attention should be given to Sections 1.08,
 FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

l) 1. 094, and 4. 01. By very careful control of the melt-

ing and processing techniques, it is possible to reduce
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

the amount of banding and to minimize its deleterious 2.01 Thermal Properties
Fe
effects on the transverse properiies of heavy sections 2.011 Melting range approximately 2600 to 2650 F. 18
(10)(16)(17). 2.012 Phase changes. Alloy transforms to martensite on slow
Nl
1.094 Isothermal embrittlement. This steel may be severely cooling from annealing temperature. Ms =450 F and 7.5 Co
embritUed by certain high-temperature thermal treat- Mr = 300F approximately (see Figure 2.0122); these
ments involved in processing and fabrication. Tile most temperatures depend on the al.ioy composition, Ms being 5 Mo
severe embrittlement results from prolonged exposure lowered by molybdenum (8)(9). Austenite reversion oc-
1n the temperature range 1500 to 1800 F following heat- curs on overaglng which depends on time aad tempera- Ti
ing to 2200 to 2400 F, and is caused by the precipitation ture and on composition (8)(14). Austenite content after
of TiC, N at austenite boundaries and the marked coar- aging for 80 hours at 900F is abcut 12 percent (8). Length AI
sening of the austenite grains during high temperature changes from maraging, which varies with processing
heating (10). This condition would be encountered if history, is approximately o.os percent (4).
the alloy is allowed to cool very slowly following prior 2.0121 1'lme-temperature-transformation diagrams. 18NI (250)
hot working. For this rewn hot working should be 2.0122 Austenite-to-martensite transformation curve, Figure
followed by as rapid an air cool as possible (10)(18). 2.0122. Maraglng
Heavy sections welded by high heat Input processes may 2.013 Thermal conductivity, Figure 2.013.
also exhibit this embrittlement (see reference 10 for 2.014 Thermal expansion. 75 to 900 F, 5. 6 x 10-6 inch per
greater detail). inch per F, Figure 2. 014.
1.0941 E[fect of combined annealing treatments on impact
2.015 Specific heat, Figure 2.015.
strength of annealed plate, Figure 1. 0941.
2.016 Thermal diffuslvlty (see 2.013, 2.015, and 2.021).
1.0942 E[fect of combined anneal.lng treatments on impact
strength of annealed-and-aged plate, Figure 1.0942. 2.02 Other Physical Properties
1.0913 E[fect of combined annealing treatments on strength 2.021 Density. 0.29lb per cu in, 8.0 gm per cu em (3)(4)(5).
and crack toughness of plate, Table 1. 0943. 2.022 Electrical resistivity. Electrical resistivity increases
TABLE 1 0943 within the indicated ranges primarily with titanium con-
Source (10, pp. 131-137) lent (see also Section 2. 022, FeUH 1225)(4).
Alloy Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al As annealed at 1500F 23.6- 27.5 microhm -In
Form Air Melt, 0. 7 in Plate, L 60-70 mlcrobm - em
Condition 1650F, 1.5 Hr, AC + 1530F, 1.5 llr, AC+ Maraged, 3 hr- 900F 13.8-23.6 mlcrohm- 1n
Indicated Treatment 35 - 60 microhm - em
Addi tiona! Heat Ftu Fty c(1.4in) RA IE Charpy-V KJc 2.023 Magnetic properties (see Section 2.023, FeUH 1225).
Treatment ksl ksl crcent ercent fl-lb * ks!Viii 2.0231 D. c. magnetic properiies. Permeability at 200 oer-
None (Mlll annealed)
2300F, 1 hr, AC
148 133 17
150 115 16
70
63
61
75
--
steds =77. 5. Saturation induction equals 2l. 2 kllo-
gauss at 1300 oersteds (26).
2300F, 1 hr, AC + 900F, 2.0232 A. C. magnetic properiies.
( 3 hr, AC 246 223 7 24 13 75 2.024 Emittance.
2300 F, 1 hr, quench to 2.025 Damping capacity.
1700F, hold 4 hr, AC 144 115 9 28 8 46
2300F, 1 hr, quench to 2. 03 Chemical Properiies
1700F, hold 4 hr, AC 2.031 Corrosion resistance.
+ 900F, 3 hr, AC 236 232 1.4 1 3.5 32 2.0311 General. Atmospheric environments, such as indus-
2400F, 1 hr, AC 149 108 11 69 81 - trial and marine atmospheres, corrode the maraging
2400 F, 1 hr, AC + 900F, steels 0.0005 to 0.001 inch per year, abcut half that or
3 hr, AC 252 234 2 3 11 60 normal high-strength low-alloy steels. static immer-
2400 F, 1 hr, quench to sion tests show the average corrosion rate to be o. 003
1700F, hold 4 hr, AC 142 110 - - 6 43 inch per year In qulet sea water (0. 5 ft per sec), and
2400 F, 1 hr, quench to 0. 007 to 0. 011 inch per yeaT in flowing sen water (at
1700F, hold 4 hr, AC 2 rt per sec) and 0.09 to O.lll.nch per year (at 130ft
+ 900F, 3 hr, AC 256 237 1.4 2 5.5 36 per sec), these rates being comparable to those !or con-
* At +80F. trol samples of 4340 and HY-80 steels. The maraglng
steels corrode substantially in tap water, some neutral
salt solutions, and some inorganic and organic acids.
1.095 Hydrogen embritUement. Hydrogen embritUes this Their corrosion rate is lower than that of low-alloy
alloy but it exhibits a greater tolerance for hydrogen steels heat treated to high strength levels. In general,
than other high-strength steels such as 4340 at lower the maraging steels should be protected from exposure
strength levels. This has been demonstrated by both to corrosive solutions by some means, such as a suitable
tensile tests and stntic fatigue tests. Charging condi- coating. Conventional cathodic protections, as witb zinc
tions (0. 02 amps per square inch for 5 minutes) that anodes, is not recommended because of the danger of
severely reduce the reduction or area or 4340 (Ftu = hydrogen embrittlement (4)(19)(27)(28)(29).
230 ksl) have no effect on this grade of maraging steel. 2.0312 Stress corrosion cracking. This maraging steel exhibits
Sufficiently severe charging conditions will reduce the better stress corrosion resistance than 18Nl (300) mar-
ductility of this steel. Recovery by baking is much aging steel (FeUH 1225- Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-T1-Al) and
more rapid than observed for 4340, a bake of 24 hours other low-alloy high-strength steels, such as 4340 heat-
at 400 to GOOF usually restores their full mechanical treated to high strength levels; however, a suitable coat-
properties (4)(19)(20). Hydrogen embrittlement may ing is recommended (4)(27)(29)(30). Two point loaded
result from high-temperature treatment in certain at- beam-type specimens and U-bend specimens tested 1n
mospheres, such as cracked ammonia. The embrlt- industrial and marine atmospheres, and in sea water
Uement effect is completely removed by the standard gave widely varying results, which may be caused in
aging treatment (3 hours at 900 F)(10). Electroplating part by differences in processing history (25)(27)(29)(30).
and acid chemical r.ontouring do not appear to embritUe Delayed failure can occur in water environment. The
this steel; however, specific processes should be sensitivity to water- or moisture-enhanced crack
checked by control tests before adoption (21)(22). Dry growth is loss than that !or 18Nl (300) maraglng steel
hydrogen at 1 atmosphere causes rapid crack extension and 4340 (28)(31)(32). Moisture has only a slight effect
1n this steel under both static and fatigue loads (see on the l"ate or fatigue-crack growth In this alloy (23)(33).
Figures 2.03124 and 3.0523)(24). This ecrect is elimi- Dry hydrogen (at 1 atmosphere) causes a large increase
nated by the introduction of moisture into the hydrogen 1n the rate of crack growth under static (sustslned) lc
!1tTnnAnhnT"n I?~~ --..:11 , _ ,_._,~. ___ , ....0\lft~\1--- ------ ............ ~ --~ ...... ~ ...... ,
. ~ .........
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970

2.03121 Delayed failure character istics of air-melte d Wid CVM

3.014 Producer guarantee d mechanic al propertie s for CVM
Fe sheets in 3 percent NaCl solution at room temperat ure,
billets, bars, rod, wire, shapes, and extrusion s,
F.lgure 2. 03121.
Table 3. 014.
18 Ni 2.03122 Delayed failure character istics of air-melte d and CVM

7.5 Co
platas in 3 percent NaCl solution at room temperat ure,
F.lgure 2. 03122. Source
..
TABLE 3 014
(3)
2.03123 Delayed failure character istics of air-melte d plate in Alloy Fe-18NI- 7. 5Co-5Mo -Ti-Al
5 Mo synthetic sea water at room temperatu re, Figure Condition 1700F, 1 hr min, AC + 1500F, 1 hr min, AC
2.03123. + 900.:!: 10F, 6 hr
Ti 2.03124 Inluence of stress intensity factor K on the rate of Form CVM Billets, Bars, Rod, Wire, Shapes, Wid
crack growth under sustained load in dry hydrogen at
AI 1 atmosphe re Wid room temperatu re, Figure 2. 03124. Cross Section
Extrusion s

Dimensio n
Thickness or
18NI (250) Diameter - in <3 <3 >3
3. MECHANICAL PROPERT IES Width- in <3
Maraolno Direction L
>3 >3
L LT L T
3.01 !!ecified Mechanic al Proeertie s Ftu. min - ksl 250 250 250 245 245
3.011 ASTM specified mechanic al propertie s for plate, Table Fty min - ksl 240 240 240 240 240
3.011. e(4D), min -percent 8.0 8.0 5.0 8.0 5.0
RA, min - percent 40.0 40.0 25.0 40.0 25.0
TABLE 3 011
Source ASTM (1)
Alloy Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo -Ti-Al
Condition 3.02 Mechanic al Propertie s at Room Temperat ure
1500-175 0F, 1 hr per In min, 1 hr
3.021 Tenslon(s ee also 3. 027).
min, AC or WQ + soo+ 25F, 4 hr
Form 3.0211 Stress-st rain diagrams (see also 3.0311). Stress-
Plate, L Wid T
Ftu, min - ksl strain curve for annealed Wid aged bar, Figure 3. 0211.
240 3.0212
~ty. min - ksi
Typical tensile propertie s.
230 to 260 3.02121
e(2 In), min- percent Producer s' typical rW!ge of tensile propertie s, Table
6 3.02121.
RA ( in 2 inch GL), min -
percent TABLE 3 02121
lulund cross section Source (4)(5)(35)
specimen s 35 Alloy Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo -TI-Al
Rectangu lar cross Annealed
Condition Annealed 1500 F,1hr
section specimen s 30 1500 F, 1 hr +Age 900F, 3 hr
Ftu- ksi 145-165 240-270
F1 - ksl 105-130 230-265
e(lln) - percent 8-16 4-10
3.012 AMS, specified mechanic al propertie s for sheet Wid
plate, Table 3.012.
e(1 In) - percent
RA- percent
- 10-12
55-70 30-60
Hardness HC 28-35 48-52
TABLE 3 012
Source AMS (2)
IA!!oy Fe-18NI-7 . 5Co-5Mo -Ti-Al 3.02122 Typical tensile propertie s of sheet, plate, und bar,
Condition Anneal15 00F- 25, AC +Age 900F-10 , 3 to 5 hrs, Table 3.02122.
AC
Form CVM, Sheet, Stl'ip, Wid Plate; T or L * TABLE 3 02122
0.030 0.046 0.066 0.091 0.126 0.251 Source (25, pp. 30-32, 111-118)
0.375 Alloy
Thickness - In Under thru thru thru thru thru to Fc-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo -(0.38-0.4 3)TI-Al
or Condition
0.030 0.045 0.065 0.090 0.125 0.250 0.375 CVM Mill Anneal 1500 F + 900 F 3 llr
over Form
Ftu, min - ksi 255 255 255 255 0. 07 in Thick Sheet 0. 25 In Thick Plate 7/8 in Din Bar
255 255 255 255
Fty, min - ksl 245 245 245 245 Direction L T L T
245 245 245 245 L
e, min- percent No. of Tests* 30 30 30 30 30
(0.51n)
(1. 0 In)
1.0 2.0
- -
- - - - - - Ftu- ksi
MeW! 263 269
- -
2.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 - - l\Unimum
253 248 261
(2.0 In or 4D) 2.5- 3.0 4.0 5.0
* T - for widths 9 Inches or over; L - for widths less thWI 9
6.0 Maximum
242
285
248
292
246
262
241 256
inches. 253 266
Standard Dev 16.0 16.2 4.8 3.0 3.0
Fty- ksi
Mean 257 263 244 238*** 252
3.013 Pro<h:cer guarWltee d mechanic al propertie s for CVM Minimum 232 237 235 232 242
sheet, strip, Wid plate, Table 3. 013. Maximum 282 288 254 244 257
Standard Dcv 17.7 18.7 5.7 3.1 3.7
e(2 In) - Percen 3.7 3.1** 7.4 7.5 9.7
TA'RT.E ~ 01~ 3.0-4.5) (3.0-5.0) (6.0-9.0) (6.0-8.0) (9.0-10.0 )
Source (3) RA- Percent - - - -- 46
Allov
Condition
Fe-18Ni-7 . 5Co-5Mo -Tl- A!
Mill annealed + 900- 10 F, 6 hrs
- - -
From 3 productio n heats, 10 specimen s per heat
(43-48)
Form CVM Sheet, Strip, and Plate, L and T Average of 28 tests
Under 0.045 0.065 0.090 0.125 0.250 Average of 29 tests
Thickness - In 0.045 thru thru thru thru or
0.064 0.089 0.124 0.249 over
Ftu min - ksl 255 255 255 255 255 255 3.0213 Effect of annealing treatment on tensile propertie s (sec
Fty min - ksi 245 245 245 245 245 245 also Section 3.0213, FcUH 1225, 18NI (300) maraging
e, min - percent steel).
(0.5 In)
(1. 0 In)
-- 4.0
2.0
-
5.0
- - - 3.02131 Influence of annealing temperatu re on tensile propertie s
of bar, Figure 3.02131.
6.0 8.0 9.0
(2.0 In) - - 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 3.02132 Influence of annealing temperatu c on the tensile prop-
erties of plate, Figure 3.02132.
 FeUH
REVISED= SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

3.02133 Infiuence of high-temperatur e annealing treabnent on 3.021442 Tensile properties of annealed and .ged billets, Table
tensile properties of plate, Figure 3.02133. 3.021442. Fe
3.02134 Effects of solution annealing temperature and aging time TABLE 3.021442
on the tensile properties of VIM + CVM plate, Figure Source (4G) 18 Ni
3.02134. Alloy Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Tl-Al
3.02135 Effect of annealing temperature on the tensile properties Condition Annealed 1G00-1G50F, +Age 900F, 3 bOUt'll 7.5 Co
of annealed and aged sheet, Figure 3,02135. Form CVM Forged Billets, T
3.0214 Effect of aging on tensile properties. Size 3 in Rd 4in Rd 5 in Rd 7 1/2111 Rd 5 Mo
Effect of aging on tensile properties of sheet. 251 248 248
3.02141
3.021411 Effect of aging temperature and time on the tensile
Ftu- ksl 247
238 243 235 237 I Ti
Fty- ksi
properties of sheet, Figure 3. 021411. 37 34
RA- percent 33 3G
7
AI
3.02142 Effect of aging on tensile properties of p::.ate. ~ (4D) - percent 8 8 G
3.021421 Effect of aging temperature and time on the tensile
properties of air-melted plate, Figure 3. 021421. 18 NI (250)
3.021443 Tensile properties of air and vacuum melted slab, Table
3.021422 Effect of aging temperature and time on the tensile prop-
erties of VIM+ CVM plate, Figure 3.021422. 3.021443.
TABLE 3 021443
MaraolnQ
3.021423 Effect of aging temperature and time on the tensile prop-
erties or hot rolled and aged plate, Figure 3. 021423. Source (9)
3.021424 Effect of aging temperature on the tensile properties of IAlloy Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo- -JU
annealed plate from three heals, Figure 3. 021424. Form 2 1/2 to 2 3/4 in thick slab, ST
3.021425 Effect or aging temperature on the tensile properties or Melting Practice Air Melt CVM
hot-rolled and annealed plate from two heats, Figure Ftu- ksl 275 280
3.021425. Fl- ksi 260 268
3.021426 Effect of duplex "l,'ing treatments on the tensile proper- R -percent 25 35
ties of 300 lb laboratory vacuum-melted plate, Table e (2 in) - percent 3 10
3.021426.
3.0215 Effect of cold work on tensile properties (see 3. 0215,
TABLE 3 021426 FeUH 1225).
(44]_ 3.0216 EUect of rolling and sheet thickness on tensile proper-
Source
Fc-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Tl-Al ties.
Alloy
300 lb Lab Vac Melted Heat, 1/2 in 3.02161 Effect of rolling temperature on the tensile properties or
Form
Plate L annealed, rolled, and aged sheet, Figure 3.02161.
1500 F, 1 Hr, AC + Age as fndlcated 3.02162 Effect of Clnlshing temperature for hot rolling and cool-
ConcllUon
RA IE Charpy-V ing rate on tensile properties of laboratory air-induction
Fty Ftu e(1in)
ksi ksi percent percent rt-lb melted plate aged at 900F, Figure 3.021G2.
Aging Treabnent
130 150 18 80 119 3.02163 Effect of finishing temperature for bot rolling and cool-
None anneal ed
12 G2 35 ing rate on tensile properties of laboratory air-induction
900F, 3 hr* 251 254
melted plate aged at 850F, Figure 3.02163.
900F, 11/2 hr, AC + 900F,
260 12 GO 34 3.02164 Tensile prope&tles of sheet and plate from an air-melted
11i2 hr 256
270 12 G2 31 heat, Table 3. 02164.
900F, G hr 266
270 12 58 29 TABLE 3 02164
900F, 3 hr, AC + 900F 3 hr 2GG
13 G1 32 Source (36, Tables 5-8)
900F, 3 hr, AC +GOOF, 24 hr 255 257
13 G2 33 Alloy Fe-18NI-7. 5Co-5Mo-Tl- Al
900F, 3 hr, AC +GOOF, 48 hr 254 257
2G4 12 61 30 Conclltion Mill annealed+ Age 925 F 3 br
700F, 48 hr 261
12 G1 23 Form Air Melt, Sheet, and Plate
700F, 48 hr, AC + 900 F, 3 hr 270 277
0.160 Inch 0.375 inch 0. 750 Inch
264 13 G1 27 Thickness 0.045 Inch
900F, 3 hr, AC + 700F, 48 hr 260
T L IT L T
290 12 55 23 Direction L T L
BOOF, 48 hr 289
Ftu- ksi 234 247 239 242 240 240 244 237
SOOF, 48 hr, AC + 900F, 3 hr 277 280 11 58 25
Fty- ksi 234 246 226 230 233 231 226 227
900F, 3 hr, AC + SOOF, 24 hr 271 275 12 56 24
58 23 e(1 in) - percent 1.3 1.8 12 11 18 18 - -
900F, 3 hr, AC + SOOF, 48 hr 287 290 11
21 e(2 In) - percent - -- - - -- -10 12
900F, 3 hr, AC + 800F, 72 hr
* Standard aging treatment.
293 294 11 G7
RA- percent - - - -38 49

3.02165 Tensile properties of sheet and plate from a CVM heat,

Table 3.02165.
3.021427 Effect of aging temperature on the tensile properties of TABLE 3 02165
1.8 inch thick CVM plate, Figure 3.021427. Source _(36, Tables 5-8, & 101
3.02143 EUect of aging on tensile properties of bar. Alloy Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-liMo-Tl-Al
3.021431 EUect of aging temperature on tensile properties of bar, Condition Mill Annealed+ Age 925F, 3 Hr
Figure 3. 021431. Form CVM, Sheet and Plate
3.021432 EUect of aging Ume on tensile prop:Jrties or bar, Figure Thickness 0. 045 In 0.160 In 0.3751n o. 750 In 3.0 In
3.021432. Direction L T L T L T L T L T ST
3.02144 EUect of aging on tensile properties of forgings, billets, Ftu- ksl 268 271 261 263 263 264 248 252 244 242 241
and slabs. Fty- ksl 268 270 249 251 254 254 225 237 234 231 233
3.021441 Tensile properties o( annealed and aged billets, Table
3.021441. e(1 In) - percent 1.2 1.5 10 10 20 18 - -10 -12 -9 5

TABLE 3 021441
e(2 In) - percent - - - - - - 12 -
Source (16)
Fc-18Ni-7. 5 Co-5Mo-Tl- AI
RA- percent - - - - - - 54 44 54 40 14
Allov
OondlUon 1500F, 1/2 to 1 hour, AC + 900F, 3 hours
Form CVM Forged Blllete, T 3.02166 Effect or rolling temperature on tensile properties of
Size 6 inches Square 9 Inches Square 12 Inches Square plale, Flgw.e 3.02166.
Location MR c MR c MR c 3.02!67 Effect of forging temperature on tensile properties of
Ftu- ksl 260 262 253 252 251 253 5:1 upset forged pancakes, Figure 3.02167.
Fty- ksl 254 260 248 248 246 248 3.0217 Effect of titanium on tensile properties o annealed and
RA- percent 9 9" 8.5 8.0 7.0 8.0 aged sheet from laboratory and production heats, Fig-
---- __ ._
-a- ~ ~ "' ~~ ~R
""
. ~""'.

FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970

3.022 Compression (see also 3.032). 3. 0261 Typical bearing strengths of sheet and plate, Table
3.0261.
Fe 3.0221
3.0222
stress-strsin diagrams (see Figure 3. 0321).
Compressive yield strength.
18 Nl 3.02221 Compressive yield strength of annealed and aged bar,
Table 3.02221.
TABLE3 0261
Source (25, pp. 133-141)
7.5 Co Alloy Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
Condition CVM, Mill Anneal1500F +Age 900F 3 hours
5 Mo TABLE 3.02221
e/D 1.5 2.0
Source (6)
Form (a) 0. 07 in Sheet o. 25 in Plate 0.07 in Sheet 0. 25 in Plate
Ti ~oy Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
Direction L T T L T T
Form Bar
AI Annealed Annealed + Aged
Fbru(b) - ksi
Mean 350~) 352 357 472 48(1 460
Condition 1500F, 1/2 hr, AC 1500F, 1/2 hr, AC
Minimum - - 341 430 446 439
18NI (250) Melting Practice Alr Melt CVM
+ 900F, 3 hr
Air Melt CVM
Maximum
Fbry(b) - ksi
- - 376 519 528 494

MaraQinQ
Fey*- ksi 150
I 149 283
I280
Mean 319(c) 323 339 387 390 378
* Averages of 3 tests. Minimum -- - 320 342 326 335
Maximum - 367 451 471 447
(a) 0.07 inch sheet tested in .:.un thickness; 0.25 inch plate tested in
0.1inch thickness.
(b) From 3 production heats, ten specimens per heat except as noted.
(c) For ten specimens from a single heat.

3.02222 Typical compressive yield strength of sheet, plate, and

bar, Table 3.02222. 1.25 I 4.88 I e 1 D I e/DI
10.375 10.2511.5 I

ttfH~
0.50 0.25 2.0

Source
TABLE 3 02222
(25, pp. 119-125)
--j ~ r--

0.25 Diameter?
Alloy Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-AI
Condition CVM,Mill anneal 1500 F + Age 900 F, 3 hr
e 1.0 'o. 50 Diameter o.75
Form o. o7 in sneet 0.25 in pate 1. 5 in dia bar D (Diameter)
Direction L T T L
Fey*- ksi
Mean 248 239 264 262 3. 0262 Effect of 1001) hour elevated temperature exposure on
Minimum 222 194 252 246 bearing strength or sheet, Figure 3. 0262.
Maximum 265 276 277 267 3.027 stress concentration.
* From 3 production heats, ten specimens per heat. 3.0271 Notch properties (see also 3.0272, 3.0371, and 3.0372,
and FeUH 1225).
3.02711 Effect of annealing temperature on sharp notch proper-
ties.
3.02712 Effect of aging on sharp notch properties.
3.027121 Effect of aging Ume on crack strength of annealed sheet,
3.023 1mpact (see also 3.033). Figure 3. 021121.
3.0231 Effect of aging temperature and time on the impact 3.027122 Effect of aging temperature on crack strength of air-
properties of air-melted plate, Figure 3. 0231. melted and CVM plate, Figure 3. 027122.
3.0232 Effect of yield strength on inlpact properties of 300 lb 3.02713 Effect of cold and hot work on sharp notch properties.
laboratory vacuum-melted plate, Figure 3.0232. 3.027131 Effect of cold rolling prior to aging on crack strength of
3.0233 Effect of aging temperature on the impact strength of sheet, Figure 3. 027131.
annealed plate, Figure 3. 0233. 3.02714 Effect of thickness on sharp notch properties.
3.0234 Effect of sulfur on room temperature impact strength, 3.027141 Effect of thickness on the sharp notch properties of air-
Figure 3. 0234. melted plate, Figure 3.027141.
3.024 Bending. 3.027142 Effect of thickness on crack strength of air-melted and
3.025 Torsion and shear (see also 3.035). CVM sheet, Table 3.027142.
3.0251 Typical ultimate shear strength of sheet, plate, and bar,
Table 3. 0251.
TABLE 3 027142
Source f36 Tables 15 and 16)
Alloy Fe-18Ni-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-AI
Condition Mill Annealed+ 925F, 3 hr
TABLE 3 0251 MeiUriit Practice Air Melt CVM
Source (25, pp. 126-132) Thickness 0.045 in 0.16 in 0.045 in 0.16 in
Ai!O'.{ Fc-18Ni-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-AI Direction L T L T L T L T
Condition CVM, Mill Annealed 1500F +ARe 900F, 3 hr Fty-ksi 23~ 1246 22~1230 26~ 1270 24~ 1251
Form 0. 07 inch Sheet 0. 25 inch Plate 7/8 inch Dla- Crack Strength-kat 173 167 167 162 159 164 177 160
meter Bar
Direction L T T L
Fsu*- ksi
Mean 158 160 159 163
Minimum 144 149 151 157
177 176 176 171 3.02715 Effect of surface crack size on crack strength.
Maximum
Effect of surface crack length on the crack strength of
From 3 production heats, 10 specimens per heat. 3.027151
air-melted plate aged at two tempetaturc, Figure
3.027151.
3.027152 Effect of surface crack length on crack strength of plate
from two air-melted heats, Figure 3. 027152.
3.0272 Fracture toughness (sec also 3.0372).
3.026 Bearing (sec also 3.036). 3.02721 Plane-strain fracture toughness of plate.
 FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

3.027211 Plane-strain fracture toughness of CVM plate, Table

3.03125 ECCect of cryogenic temperatures on the tensile proper-
3.027211. ties of plate at two titanium levels, Figure 3. 03125.
TABLE 3. 0 27211
3.03126 ECCect of test temperature on tensile properties of an- Fe
nealed and aged bar, Figure 3. 03126.
Source (58, pp. 18 & 60)
3. 03127 EC!ect of test temperature on the tensile properties of 18 Nl
I Alloy Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-TI(O. 32)-Al
Form CVM, 1 in p ate, RW
3.0313
bar, Figure 3. 03127.
EC!ect of elevated temperature exposure on tensile prop-
?.5 Co
Condition Mill anneal + 900 F 3 hours
Fty- ksi 259
erties. !5 Mo
KJc (Mean) - ksi-Jiii 68.4* 3.03131 EC!ect of test temperature on C VM bar after holding 30
Standard deviation minutes and 200 hours at test temperature, Figure Tl
d.-ksi-J'lii 3.51 3.03131.
0/mean Kyc 0.0515 3. 03132 EC!ect of 1000 hour elevated temperature exposure on AI
the tensile properties of sheet at room temperature and
* 23 tests

..
test temperature, Table 3. 03132.
TABLE 3 03132
18Ni (2!50)
3.027212 ECCect of aging temperature on plane-strain fracture
~urce (25, p. 142)
toughness of 1.8 inch thick CVM plate, Figure 3.027212.
(Alloy Fe-18N1-7. 5 Co-5Mo-n-Al
araglng
3.027213 Plane-strain fracture toughness of alr-meltcd and
vacuum-degassed plate, Table 3. 027213. Form CVM, 0.07 inch Sbeet
Condition Mill Anneal1500F +Age, 900F, 3 Hr
TABLE 3 027213
Source (59) (RT: Ftu =264 ksi, Fty =259 ksl, L; Ftu " 269 ksi,
Allov Fe-18Ni-7. 5Co-5Mo-TI-Al =
Fty 265 ksi, T)
Form Alr Melt+ Vacuum Del!llll. 1 21n Plate 000 hour
Condition 1500F, 1/2 hr, AC +900F, 4 hours (a) Exposure Temp GOOF SOOF 1000F
(Fty = 258 ksi, Land 265 ksi, T) est Temp RT GOOF RT 800F RT 1000F
Direction Direction T T L T L T T T
RW I WR I RT I WT
Ftu- ksl 285 243 277
Krc (b)- ks!Vfri 74 81 287 218 227 187 130
I I 81 I 84. Fty- ksl 281 234 271 281 198 207 176 97
(a) All specimens heat treated before cracking. ~(2 ln)-percent 3 3 3 3 5 5 8 12
(b) Precracked bend specimens.

3.027214 Plane-strain fracture toughness for annealed and aged

laboratory air-melt plate, Table 3. 027214. 3.032 Compression.
3.0321 Stress-strain diagrams. Typical stress-strain curves
TABLE 3 027214
Source for compression at room and elevated temperatures,
(15)
Alloy Figure 3. 0321.
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti- Al
3.0322 Effect of test temperature on compressive properties.
Form Lab Air Melt 300 lb Heat linch Plate
3. 03221 EC!ect of test temperature on the compressive proper-
Condition 1500F, 1 hr, AC + 900F, 3 hr(Ftv"230 ksi)L, T
ties of sheet, Figure 3. 03221.
Direction (b)
K~c-ksi'lfiii(a)
RW
85
I WR l RT I TW 3.03222 Effect of test tempernture on the compressive proper-
I 83 I 96 I 68 ties or plate, Figure 3.03222.
3.03223 EC!ect or test temperature on the compressive proper-

~
ties of bar, Figure 3. 03223.
3.0323 EC!ect of elevated temperature exposure on compressive
t = 0.141nch properties.
3.03231 Effect of 1000 hour elevated temperature exposure on
Fatigue cracked single edge notch specimen. the compressive properties of sheet at room tempera-
Heat trent before cracking. ture, Table 3. 03231.

(a) Kre from displacement gage pop-In load. TABLE 3 03231

(b) First letter indicates direction normal to crack and Source (25, p. 143)
second letter direction or propagation. R In rolling Alloy Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-n-Al
direction, W perpendicular to rolling direction, and Form CVM, o. 07 1ncb sheet
Tin thickness direction. Condition MiU anneal 500F+ Age9l!OF, 31i0urs
1000 hour Exposure
Temperature (RT Reference) 600F BOOF 1000F
3.027215 EC!ect o finishing tomperature or hot rolling and cool- Direction L T T L T T
ing rate on plane-strain crack-toughness or laboratory Fey- ksi 255 I 243 259 254 1 252 162
air-induction-me lted plate, Figure 3. 027215.
3.028 Combined properties. 3.03313 EC!ect or test temperature on Impact strength of bar
and forging from several heats, Figure 3. 03313.
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures 3.03314 Effect of test temperature on the impact strength of
3-.031 Tension. annealed and aged bar, Figure 3. 03314.
3.0311 Stress-strain diagrams. 3.03315 EC!ect of test temperature on the impact strength of
3.03111 stress-strain curves at room and elevated temperatures bar, billet, and plate from several beats, Figure
for air-melted, annealed and agod bar, Figure 3. 03111. 3.03315.
3.03112 Stress-strain curves at room and elevated temperatures 3.03316 Impact strength of castings at room and low tempera-
for CVM bar, Figure 3.03112. tures, Table 3. 03316.
3.03113 Typical stress-strain curves for tension at cryogeoic,
room, and elevated temperatures, Figure 3.03113. TABLE 3 03316
3.0312 EUect of test temperature on tensile properties. Source (66)
3.03121 EUect o test temperature on the tensile properties of Alloy Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-TI-Al
sheet, Figure 3. 03121. Form Cast
3.03122 EUect of test temperature on tensile properties of Condition 2100F 4 hr AC + 900F, ll '1~-
two heats of CVM sheet, Figure 3. 03122. Thickness - Inches 1 2 3
3.03123 Influence or test temperature on t3nsile properties or Fty- ksi 230 1 25o 230 1250 23o 125o

1~ I ~~ l~T ~!
cold rolled and aged sheet, Figure 3.03123. Charpy- V, ft - lb
3.03124 EUect or test temperature on the tensUe properties of RT
~
..
13
I ~~
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970

3.03232 Effect of test temperature on the compressive proper- 3.03712 Effect of test temperature and strain rate on crack
Fe ties of sheet after holding 30 minutes and 1000 hours at strength of annealed and aged sheet, Figure 3. 03712.
test temperature (see Figure 3.03221). 3.03713 Effect of test temperature on crack strength or CVM
18 Nl 3.033 Impact. sheet, Figure 3.03713.
3.0331 Effect of test temperature on impact strength. 5.03714 Effect or test temperature on crack strength or CVM
7.5 Co 3.03311 Effect of test temperature on impact strength of plate sheet and plate, Figure 3.03714.
from several heate, Figure 3. 03311. 3.03715 Effect of test temperature on crack strength or CVM
5 Mo 3.03312 Effect of low test temperature on impact strength of an- bar, Table 3.03715.
nealed and aged plate, Figure 3. 03312.
Ti 3.0332 Effect of heat treating vsriahles on impact strength at TABLE 3 03715
vsrious test t6mperatures. Source (25, p. 159)
AI Effect of solution annealing temperature and aging time All()}' Fe-18N1-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
3.03321
FOrm CVM, 1 1 2 inch Diameter Bar, L
on the impact strength of VIM + CVM plate at +30 F,
Condition MU1 anneal+ 900F, 3 hours
18NI (250) Figure 3. 03321.
Test Tempera-
3.03322 Effect of aging temperature and time on the impact
ture -100F RT GOOF 800F
Mara~ln~ properties of VIM + CVM plate at +30 F, Figure 3. 03322.
Fty*- ksl 282 256 223 204
3.034 Bending. Crack Strength
3.035 Torsion and shear.
- ksl 200 227 202 184
3.0351 Effect of test temperature on shear properties. *7/8 Inch diameter bar data
3.03511 Effect of test temperature on the shear ultimate strength

~D=:E=
of sheet, Figure 3.03511.
3.03512 Effect or test temperature on the shear ultimate strength
of plate, Figure 3. 03512. 1.5
3.03513 Effect of test temperature on the shear ultimate strenbti>
of bar, Figure 3. 03513. Notch Fatigue Cracked
3.0352 Effect of elevated temperature exposure on shear proper-
ties.
3.03521 Effect of lOOO hour elevated temperatura exposure on 3.0372 Fracture toughness (see also 3.0272).
the shear ultimate streng'.h of sheet at room tempera-
3.038 Combined properties.
ture, Table 3. 03521.

TABLE 3 03521
Source (25, p. 144)
!Alloy Fe-18Ni-7. 5 Co-5Mo-Ti- AI
FOrm 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
CVM, 0. 07 Inch Sheet
Condition 3.041 Creep proporties of 0. 07 Inch thick CVM sheet at 600
Mill anneal 1500 F + Age 900 F 3 hours
1000 hour Exposure and 800F, Table 3.041.
Temperature I (RT Reference) GOOF 800F lOOOF
Direction L T T L T T TABLE 3 041
Fsu- ksl 155 1 158 169 175 1 170 121 Source (25, pp. 87-88, 153)
Alloy Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-T1-Al
Form Cvm, u. u7 lncn eeL T)
3.03522 Effect of test temperature on the shear ultimate strength Condition Mill anneai1500F + Age 91JOF, 3 hours (Ft,=265 ksl)
of sheet after holding 30 minutes and 1000 hours at test em perature tiUu~ ijUUt''
temperature (see Figure 3. 03511). il.IDC - ours
3.036 Stress- ksl 10 100 1000 10 100 1000
Bearing.
3.0361 Effect of test temperature on bearing strength.
o.os percent creep 205 (195)* - 115 - -
3.03611 Effect of test temperature on the bearing strength of
0.10 percent creep
0. 50 percent creep
215
233
205
230
(195)
-
130
165
(105)
140 (110)
-
sheet, Figure 3.03611. 1. 0 percent creep 236 233 (225) 175 150 115
3.03612 Effect or test temperature on the bearing strength or See Figure 3. 03121 10r tensue properties at these temperatures.
plate, Figure 3.03612. Values In ( ) extrapolated.
3.0362 Effect of elevated temperature exposure on bearing
strength.
3.03621 Effect of test temperature on the bearing strength of 3.042 Creep rupture properties of air-melted bar, Table
sheet after holding 1000 hours at test temperature, 3.042.
Figure 3.03621.
3.037 Stress concentration.
3.0371 Notch properties (see also 3. 0372).
TABLE 3 042
3.03711 Room and low temperature smooth and sharp notch ten-
Source G
sUe properties of annealed and aged sheet, Table
Alloy Fe-18N1-7 .5Co-5Mo-Tl-Al
3.03711. Form Air Melted Bar
Condition 1500F, 1 hr + 900F, 3 hr
TABLE 3 03711 Stress- ksl 175 150 150 125 100 75
Source (6) Time to rupture-hr 38 561 7 38 5 48
I Alloy Fe-18N1-7. 5 Co-SMo-Ti- AI e(2 In) - percent 13 13 17 24 32 31
Form o. 063 Inch Sheet RA- percent 51 59 63 70 71 80
Condition 1500F, 15 mtn + 900 t', :: hT
Test Temp Room Temperature -320F
Melting Practice Alr Melt CVM Alr Malt CVM
Direction L T L T L T L T 3.05 Fatigue Properties
Ftu- ksl 267 278 273 - 336 348 333 339 3.051 Smooth and notched fatigue strength. It should be noted
Fty- ksl 262 273 267 -- 322 336 322 334 that thl' fatigue life (!.c., number of cycles to failure)
e(1 tn)-percent
Sharp Notch
4 3 3.5 3 1.5 - - for high str.,ngth metal alloys exhibit considerable
Strength*-ksl 250 24'1 scatter. The fatigue strengths, by and large, are
257 250 229 238 234 225 based on a limited number of tests. These values
Notch tensUe specimens, 1 lach wide, with soo edge notches,
should be considered only ns guides and not be used for
notch radii "" 0. 0006 Inch.
design (see references 71 and 72).
 ' '-' V'l I

REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

3.0511 Smooth fatigue strength of air-melted and vacuum- 3.0514 Smooth and notched axial-load fatigue strength of 0.07
degassed plato, Table 3.0511. inch thick sheet at room and elevated temperatures,
TABLE 3 0511 Table 3.0514.
Fe
Source (71) 18 Nl
TABLE 3.0514
Alloy Fe-18Nl-7 .5Co-5Mo-Tl-AI
Source (25, pp. 67-73, 149-152)
Form Air Melt + Vacuum Degas, l/2lnch Plate ('11
Alloy Fe-18Nl-7 .5Co-5Mo-Tl-Al 7.5 Co
Condition Mill Anneal+ 900F, 3 hr (Ftu = 274 ksl)
Form CVM, 0.07lnch Sheet
Stress Stress Con- Stress Fatigue Llfe* Condition Mill Anneal 1500 F + Age 900 F 3 hr 5 Mo
Method centration Ampll- Cycles
~~
A R tude-ksl Medium Mlnlmum Maximum
Method Axial Load (Smooth and Double Edge Notch Tl
Specimens)
Rotating "'-1 Kt= 1 120 2.8 X 105 7.5 X 104 2.4 X 106 Stress Te"t Stress Con-
Temp centration
Fatigue Strength(a)-ksl AI
Beam Smooth 115 6.5 X 105 1.2 X 105 8.1 x 106 Ratio Direction at Cycles
110 2.5 x 106 1.3 X 105 1.2x 107 A R F 104 105 106 107
105 9.2 X 106 3.2 X 105 2.4 X 107 -1 RT Smooth(c) L 125 85 55 45 18NI (250)
102 1.1 X 107 2.5 X 105 2.6 X 107 "' T 126 84 48 40
48 tests at each stress. Medium represent 50 percent survival. Notch (d) LandT 60 36 25 22 Maraolno
GOOF Smooth (c) L 90 60 50 46
3.0512 Smooth and notched fatigue strength of nlr-melted plate,
T 86 64 61 60
Table 3.0512.
Notch (d) LandT 53 35 25 23
TABLE 3 0512 BOOF Smooth(c) L 83 68 64 (64)(h)
Source (40) T 80 64 60 (58)
Alloy Fe-18Nl-7.5Co-5Mo-Tl-Al Notch (d) LandT 52 34 28 26
Form Air Melt 1/2 and 3/4 lnch Plates L) 0.9 0.01 RT Smooth(c) T 150 72 52 50
Condition 1650F, 1 hr, WQ + 1510 1530 F, 1 hr, WQ + Indicated Age Notch (d) T 70 36 24 20
Material* & Aglng Stress Stress Fatigue Strength-ksl GOOF Smooth(c) T 120 80 72 70
Method Treatruent Cone en-
~~
A R tration 1n5
at 0 cles
1n6 800F
Notch (d)
Smooth (c)
T
T
70
120
38
87
28
84
26
81
Rotating Steel A Kt = 1 '"' Notch (d) T 65 48 43 41
Beam 900F, 3 hr, AC "' -1 Smooth 141 105 100 0.67 0.20 RT Smooth (c) T 165 84 58 52
850F, 48 hr, AC 136 111 103 Notch (d) T 86 42 30 30
Steel B GOOF Smooth (c) T 135) 90 66 60
900F, 3 hr, AC 134 108 103 Notch (d) T 74 43 40 40
850F, 48 hr, AC 143 114 lOG SOOF Smooth (c) T 143 125 110 93
Steel A Notched Notch (d) T 67 44 34 30
900F, 3 hr, AC Kt = 3 56 46 45 (a) Based on -Umlted number of tests.
850F, 48 hr, AC: 70 65 63 (h) Values in ( ) extrapolated.
Steel B (c) Kt = 1
900F, 3 hr, AC 58 55 54 (d) Kt = 3
850F, 48 hr, AC 56 46 45
Steel A- 0.35 percent Tl, Ftu = 261 ksl, Fty = 251 ksl for
900F, 3 hr, AC. Ftu = 288 ksl, Fty = 276 ksi for 850 F, 3.0515 Smooth fatigue strength of mlll-annealed and annealed-
48 hr, AC. and-aged plate, Table 3.0515.
Steel B - 0. 42 percent Tl, Ftu = 264 ksl, Fty = 256 ksl .rc.r
900F, 3 hr, AC. Ftu = 281 ksl, Fty = 274 ksl for 850F, TABLE 3 0515
48 hr, AC. Source 72)
Alloy Fe-lBNl-7. 5Co-5Mo-Tl- AI

~
Form CVM, 3/4lnch Plate (L)

'"'~"'""""'
Method Axial Load (Smooth, Kt = l)
Mean Fatigue Strength - ksl at cycles
L0.180 Diameter Condition Stress
Diameter 0. 0055 R ksl 104 105 106 107
Notched Smooth Mill annealed
Ftu = 140 ksl 50 100 65 45 40
3.0513 Smooth and notched fatigue strength of annealed and Mill anneal + 900 F,
aged bar, Table 3.0513.
TABLE 3 0513
3 hours
Ftu = 250 ksl
0
50
150
150
120
100
96
80
--
Source (70)
Alloy Fc-lBNI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Tl-Al 3.052 Fatigue crack propagation.
Form 5/8 lnch Diameter Bar (L) 3.0521 Innuence of stress intensity factor (6K) and test
Concution 1500F, l hr, AC + 900F, 3 hr, AC environment on fatigue-crack propagation of sheet and
Melting Stress Stress Fatigue Strength - ksl plato at room temperature, Figure 3.0521.
Method Practice Ratio Concentra- at Cycles 3.0522 Fatigue crack propagation at room temperature in
-....--
A R
tlon 103 104 105 106 107 1o8 sheet aged at 1100F, Figure 3.0522.
3.0523 Jnfiuenco of test frequency on fatlgoo~e crack propagation
Rotating
Beam Air Melt <Xl -1 ~=1
210) 170 140 125 116 113
in dry hydrogen (at room temperature and 1 atmosphere
Smooth pressure), Figure 3.0523.
CVM* 200 160 135 120 115 110
Air Melt a: -1 Kt = 2.2
CVM Notched
-- 100 70 57 55 55
100 70 57 55 55 3.06 Elastic Properties
3.061 Poisson 1s ratlo.
Air Molt= 0.43 percent Tl, Ftu = 270 ksl, l'~ = 263 ksl
3.0611 Effect of cold rolllng prlor to aging on Poisson's ratlo,
CVM = 0.35 percent Tl, Ftu = 250 ksl, Fty = 46 ksl
Figure 3.0611.
Values In ( ) extrapolated.
3.062 Modulus of elasticity.
60 Static and dynamic moduli for tension at cryogenic, room,
' "' -~ "'="'"
3.0621
and elevated temperatures, Figure 3.0621.
3.0622 Static moduli for compression at room and elevated
iiffttiameter temperatures, Figure 3.0622.
0.010 Root Radius 3.063 Modulus of rlgldity.
Smooth Notched 3.064 Tangent modulus.
reun
FERROUS ALLOYS
3.0641 Tangent modulus curves at room and elevated tempera-
Fe tures for air-melt, annealed and aged bar, Figure
3.0641.
18 Nl 3.0642 Tangent modulus curves at room and elevated tempera-
tures for CVM annealed and aged bar, Figure 3.0642.
7.5 Co 3.065 Secant modulus.
3.0651 Secant modulus curves at room and elevated tempera-
5 Mo tures for air melt, annealed and aged bar, Figure
3.0651.
Ti 3.0652 Secant modulus curves at room and elevated temperature
for CVM annealed and aged bar, Figure 3.0652.
AI
18NI (250)
MaroQinQ
4. FABRICATION
4.01 Formability
4.011 General. This alloy is hot worked readily by conven-
tional rolling and forging operations, and is easily cold
worked by conventional procedures in the annealed con-
dition. A preliminary sook at 2300 F (homogenizing
treatment) is recommended. Provision should be ma.de
for adequate work to break up the as-cast structure and
to minimize directionality. For optimum properties, a
maximum reheating temperature or 2000 F is suggested
prior to the final hot working operation; however, this
temperature will depend on the degree and method or
hot working. Finishing should be in the range of 1500 to
1800F, accompanied by about 25 percent reduction. At-
tention to cooling should be given to avoid isothermal
embrittlement (see 1. 094). Hot forming and bending
should be performed at temperatures under 1800 F to
prevent grain coarsening. Because of its low work
hardening characteristics, this alloy may be cold re-
duced by substantial amounts before intermediate an-
nealing is requlred (reannealing will essentially remove
the effects or cold work). Cold work prior to aging will
increase the aged strengths but will reduce fracture
toughness. Severely cold worked parts should be rean-
nealed (4)(5)(6)(73)(74).
4.012 Forging. Preliminary sook at 2300 F for homogeniza-
tion. Starting temperature or 2000 F maximum Is pre-
ferred. Preheat for sections greater than 6 inch square
1700 to 1800F, approximately 15 minutes per inch or
thickness. Finish temperature 1500 to 1700F. Reheat
at 1800F. Do not delay cooling (see 1.094).
4.013 Rolllng.
4.0131 Sheet bar, start 2000F maximum.
4.0132 Plate. Start at 2000 F maximum and roll straight away
to finish at 1600F, or start at 1750 to 2000F with re-
heats at the same temperature and finish rolling at
1500 to 1600F. Cocllng to room temperature should
not be delayed (sec 1.094 and Figures 3.02162 and
3.027215.
4.0133 Sheet. Start 1800 to 1900 F, and finish 1500 to 1600 F.
4.014 Extruding.
4.015 Drawing.
4.02 Machining and Grinding
4.021 General. This alloy is machined most easily in the
solution annealed condition. After aging its machina-
J..tt: .... In --.-----1...1,.
j...,A.TC!'I' AOJAn -'- --1 \..--.1----
REVISED= SEPTEMBER 1970
levels. Reduced surface speeds are helpful. Carbide
cutters with ample water soluble coolants are recom-
mended (4)(6)(77). However, because of its dimensional
stability, machining prior to aging should be considered.
1.03 Welding
4.031 General. This alloy is weldable in both the solution an-
nealed and fully heat treated conditions. Gas shielded
processes (GMA and GT A) are sultable for this alloy.
Using proper techniques, joint efflciencies from 90 to
100 percent are obtainable for aged (900 F, 3 hours)
welds in sheet and heavy sections. Submerged arc
welding is not recommended due to a pronounced ten-
dency for hot cracking, low fracture toughness, and
severe embrittlement in the heat affected zone (HAZ),
(78)(79). The weld metal deposit is segregated in such
a way that stable austenite may be present in some
areas and that austenite reversion can occur In
others (Including the HAZ) on aging. The result is that
the aging response of the weldment will be different from
that of the base metal and that of the weld wire. The
micro-segregation or the weld deposit and the amount and
morphology of the retained/reverted austenite are of
great importance in determining the strength and tough-
ness or the weldment. The pNsence or austenite can
prevent achieving 100 percent joint efflciency. Segrega-
tion or nonmetallics, such as titanium carbide, reduces
weld toughness. Resistance to hot cracking without pre-
heat is considerably superior to quenched and tempered
steels when using the proper filler wire compositions.
The weld HAZ will contain regions with stable reverted
austenite where the peok temperatures had reached the
neighborhood of 1200 F. These soft regions may be re-
moved by subsequent annealing and aging; however, in
most cases, their Influence on strength is relatively
small and the toughness is higher than that or the parent
metal. General recommendations concerning welding
techniques would include avoiding preheat, limiting inter-
pass temperature to 250 F and keeping welding speeds be-
low about 10 inches per minute using normal shielding
procedures (16)(17)(78).
4.032 Filler wire. A minimum of 0. 35 percent titanium in
the filler wire is necessary to prevent objectionable
porosity in GMA welds. Titanium in excess oro. 70
percent with GMA and about 1.0 percent with GTA tends
to produce a sensitivity to hot cracking and a weld de-
posit of decreased toughness. The residual element con-
tent or the filler should be as low as possible with the
following recommended maximums: 0.03C, 0.0551, and
0. 05Mn (carbon should preferrably be kept well below
this maximum). Vacuum melting of wire Is recom-
mended. Argon is recommended for use with either
GMA or GTA process.
4.033 Sheet metal welds. Welds In thin sections are subject
to high dilution effects and are markedly influenced by
the welding procedure. Recommended wire composi-
tions are given In Table 4. 035. Improved strength with
only a small loss in toughness can be obtained by a
double pass procedure (see Table 4. 035, FeUH 1225).
4.034 Plate weld. Attempts La increase weld strength by the
use or high hardener filler wire have been unsuccessful
In the gas shielded processes because of the formation
or coarse pools or austenite in the weld metal which do
not respond La subsequent aging treatment. Using
proper procedures and filler wire in multi-pass GTA or
GMA process (see Table 4. 0351), weldments with joint
efflclencles of better than 90 percent and with fracture
toughness comparable La U1e base metal may be obtained
(see Table 4.0372). Local aging after welding Is often
used, however the effectiveness or this treatment in a-
chieving desired strengths and toughness should be care-
fully checked (78).
 .. 'V'-"1'
REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

. ~-
u
j
4.0351 Typical tensile properties and recommended wire com-
positions tor welding sheet and plate, Table 4. 0351.
4.0371 Plane-strain fracture toughness oC
air melt plate, Table 4. 0371.
r..rA and SA welds in

Fe
TABLE 4.0371
TABLE 4 0351 Source (78, p. 141) 18 Nl
Source Alloy Fe-18Nl-7 .5Co-5Mo-T -Al
Alloy
{17)
Fe-18Ni-7 .5 Co-5Mo-Ti-Al Form Air Melt, Sf 4inch Plate
7.5 Co
Condition
Form 1/2 inch Plate 0. 07 inch Sheet 1650F, 1 hr, WQ + 1530F, 1 hr, WQ +Weld+
900F 3 Hr
5 Mo
1500F, 1 hour, AC + 900F, 1500F, 1 hour,
O:mdition 3 hours+ Weld+ 900F, 3 hours AC+Weld+900F, Weld Parallel to Plate Perpendicular to Plate Tl
3 hours Orientation Rollln~ Direction Roll1ng Direction
Process Coated Electrode GMA GTA Notch Loention AI
(a) (a) WRC WilE WTC RWC RWC RWE RTC wnc
Wire Fe-18Ni-8Co- Fe-18Ni-8Co- Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co- Process
4.5Mo-2. 2Ti- 4.5Mo-0.5Ti- 4. 9Mo-0.5Ti K~c(b) GTA 63 86 86 58 61 92 75 64 18Nl (250)
Ftu{b)- ksi
0.2Al
242
0.2Al -ksi
Vm
SA 36 87 44 - 44 86 37 43
Maraglng
235 241
Fty - ksi 228 220 (a) First letter gives direction of normal to crack plane, second
232
e(l. 4 in) - percent 9 7 3.6(2in) letter gives direction oC propagation (R- rolling direction,
W- width direction, and T- Thickness direction), th1rd letter
RA -percent
RT Charpy-V (c)
39 30 - gives crack location with respect to weld (C - at weld center--
line anR- at weld edge near fusion line).
- rt lb 10 15
(a) Coating - Calcium carbonate and cryolite bonded with sodium
- =
(b) Base plate KJc 80 ksh/lii, L; 77 ksi"'-'iii, T.
sUlcate. (see Table 4. 0352 for tensile properties)
(b) Specimens transverse to weld.
(c) Notch at weld centerline and perpendicular to plate surface.
4.04 Heat Treatment
4.041 General. Before heating remove grease and on (see
4.05). Furnace fuel on should not contain more than
o. 75 percent sulfur by weight; fuel gas not more than
100 total grains of sulfur per 100 cu ft. Furnace at-
mosphere should not be carburizing; atmosphere con-
tsining 5 percent co is suggested (6). Aging is nor--
2
mally done in air.
4.0352 Mechanical properties of GTA and submerged arc (SA)
welded plate, Table 4. 0352. 4.05 Surface Treatment
4.051 General. Sand blasting removes oxide scales effectively.
Pickling solution 18 percent sulfuric acid at15o-160F is
TABLE 4 0352 recommended. Sodium hydride and other high tempera-
Source {78) ture (>700F) descaling treatments should be avoided(&).
Alloy Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al 4.052 Nltriding. Nitriding at 850 F for 20 hours or 800F Cor
Form Alr Melt, 3/4 inch Plate 44 hours is recommended and wUI give case hardness
Condition 1650F, 1 hr, WQ + 1530F, 1 hr, WQ +weld+ 900F, oC about 66 Rockwell C. Higher temperature give3
3 hr lower case hardness. Longer times will increase case
Process GTA(b) SA{c) depth but very long times ma,y require a drop in temper--
Wire Fe-18Ni-8 Co-SMo-0. 5Ti Fe-18Ni-9Co-4.5 Mo atl.!re to maintain case hardness (77).
-0.1 Al (0.004C) -0. 7Ti-0.15Al(0.02C )
!Weld urtentatlon Parallel to Perpendicular Parallel to Perpendicular
Plate Rolling to Plate Rol- Plate Rolling to Plate Rol-
Direction ling Direction Direction ling Direct1o1
Ftu (a) - ltsi 242 245 249 246
Fty- kl-1 237 242 238 235
e(2 in) - percent 6 6.5
RA- percent
3.5 4.0 r 1 ., I
32 32 20 21 Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
IE Charpy- V(d)
CVM, ANNEALED 1/4 TO 4 HR, AC,
at +80 F - ft-lb
(a) Transverse to weld.
11 - 6 5 +AGE 900F, 3 HR.
60
(b) Specimens talled in weld metal.
(c) Specimens .ailed in HAZ of base plate.
(d) Notch at weld centerline and perpendicular to plate surface.
Note: Base plate properties: Longitudinal- Ftu = 262 ksi, F~ = 254 ksi,
....._
50
e(2 in) = 9. 5 percent, RA = 45 percent, and IE Charpy- (+80 F) =
15 rt-lb
Transverse- Ftu= 265 ksi, Fty = 257 ksi, e (2 in)= 8.8 percent,
RA = 41 percent, and IE Charpy- V (+80 F) = 14 rt-lb.

4.036 Effect of surface cracks on crack strength of welded t--.......

plate. 1--
4,0361 Effect of surface crack length on the crack strength of
GTA welds in CVM plate, Flgurtl 4.0361.
4.0362 Effect of surface crack depth on the crack strength ot
various weld deposits 1n air melt plate, Figure 4. 0362. 20
1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
4.0363 Effect of surface crack depth on the crack strength or ANNEALING TEMPERATURE - F
weld deposits in air melt plnte aged after welding
or annealed and aged after welding, Figure 4. 0363. FIG. 1.063 EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE AND
4.037 Plane-strain fracture toughness o( welded plate. AGING ON HARDNESS. (7)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970

Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
Fe AIR MELT, 0.7 IN PLATE, L
1650F, 1.5 HR, AC + 1530F, 1.5 HR, AC
18 Nl +INDICATED TREATMENT..,_---!-----!
7.& Co I
e2000F,1HR]QUENCH TO TEMPERA-
'
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
5 Mo 56 AIR MELT, PLATE, 1500F, 1 HR, AC +AGE
+2100F,1HR TURE SHOWN, HOLD
:41:----t .2200F,1HR 4 HR, AC + 900F, 3 HR
Tl A2300F,1HR
.2400F,1HR FTY = 220-240 KSI
AI

18Ni (250) 0
~
I

I t:
MaravlnQ ~48~----4--4-7~~4--+~~--r--r-----;--;

I r-~~~~~~--+--+------r--r-----;--;
e900F
A850F
IE CHARPY V
+800F
750F
~3L0_0_____1~40_o_____15~0-0----1~6~0~o----~1~70~0~~18~0o
2 INTERMEDIATE ANNEALlNG TEMPERATURE- F
1 10 10
AGING TIME - HOURS FIG. 1.0942 EFFECT OF COMBINED ANNEALING TREAT-
MENTS ON IMPACT STRENGTH OF ANNEALED
FIG. 1.064 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON AND AGED PLATE. (10, pp. 131-135)
HARDNESS. (8, p. 22)

Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
AIR MELT, 0.7 IN PLATE, L

l
GOO
Fe-18~1-7. 5Co-5~o-Ti-Al
1650F, 1.5 HR, AC +1530F, 1 HR, AC
+INDICATED TREATMENT'----t----1

e2000F, 1
I HR
I QUENCH TO
500

8:<>e---"~-t---'+2100F, 1 HR TEMPERATUR r..

!3 400 ~---- r---

2200F, 1 HR INDICATED, I

A2300F, 1
.2400F, l
~ 60,_-<.,,....--;lk-~-1---1----+----t
HR
HR
HOLD 4 HR, AC
FTY"'100-120 KSI
til

!;: ---..
ffi
~
I
!-< Q,

~ 300
I'<

!-<

200
0 20 40 60 80 100
TRANSFORMATION- PERCENT

FIG. 2.0122 AUSTENITE-TO-MARTENSITE TRANSFORMATION

CURVE. (8, p. 21)
~3~0~0----1-40~0~----1~50~0~--1~6~00~--~17~0~0--~18~00
INTERMEDIATE ANNEALING TEMPERATURE- F

FIG. 1.0941 EFFECT OF COMBINED ANNEALING TREAT-

MENTS ON IMPACT STRENGTH OF ANNEALED
PLATE. (10, pp. 131-135)
REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

2 20
Fe-lBNI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al ie-1BNI-7 .5Co-~Mo-ri-Al Fe
E
=
~2or-----t------r-----i====~t-----1 2
0.045 INCH SHEET, L
ANNEALED+ 925F, 3 HR I
CVM (Ti-0.50 PERCENT)
18 Nl
~ FTY=268 KSI 7.5 Co
:::. !>-AIR DAT1 &AIR MELT (Tt-0.39 PER-
E ~ CENT) FTY = 234 KSI 5 Mo
gt5

~
80
r-

... Ti
AI

--
NF
=
~10~----~----~---- 60
:::> 18NI (250)
!q
t
.. MaraQinQ
5~----~----~----~------~----~ --
" tf-
40-
0 200 400 600 BOO 1000 2a,== o. 7
TEMPERATURE- F
I J_, VB A NF
FIG. 2.013 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY. (4)(25, p. 107) W=1.75
20!--- i-

Fe-1BNI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al 100 .Av

~p I
5 10 50 100 500
TIME TO FAILURE- HOURS

...- ----4 """-

MEAN COEFFICIENT
"'
FIG. 2.03121 DELAYED FAILURE CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR-
MELTED AND CVM SHEETS IN 3 PERCENT NaCl
SOLUTION AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. (36)
FROM 75F

(24)
.(3)
4

0 200 400 600 BOO 1000

TEMPERATURE- F

FIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION (4)(25, pp. 10B, 160)

22 0
0.35 F~1BN1-7.5Co-~Mo-~-Al
Fe-1B~I-7. 5Co-5~o-Ti-Al 0.161NCH PLATE, L
ANNEALED + 925 F, 3 HR
0
I
0.30
I e CVM (Tt-0.50PERCENT)

I
FTYa 249 KSI
~ AIR DATA AAIR MELT (Tt-0.39 PERCE~
/ FTY= 226 KSI
0.25
=t
r..
I 0,20
I 0

tp
...

...
~
!5p.
i:0.15
I -
za,::::o.7
....
...
C<l
/ o - ,....
1---l
-=- _,
/,B ::.NF

/ w"' 1.75
0.10
/v 100 _JI
Ip I
0.05
v1 5 10 50 100 500
0 zoo 400 600 BOO 1000 TIME TO FAILURE- HOURS
TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 2.03122 DELAYED FAILURE CHARACTEIUSTICS OF AIR-
FIG. 2.015 SPECIFIC HEAT AT CONSTANT PRESSURE. MELTED AND CVM PLATES IN 3 PERCENT NaCl
(1 ATM) (25, p. 106) SOLUTION AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. (36)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970

Fe AIR MELT, PLATE, L

l
18 Nl MILL ANNEALED + 900 F, 3 HOURS, AC

7.5 Co ~100 RESULTS OF MONOTONIC LOADING TESTS ---+- ------ !-- ew= 5 INCHES
5 Mo .A.W= 3 INCHES
w= 1 INCH
Ti ~ e- SPECIMEN DID NOT

AI
FAIL, CRACK
GROWTH OCCURRED
18NI (250)
Maraglng

SECTION 'A-A'

20L----J~----~~--~-----------~
----~------------~----~-------
10 ---~
100 1000
TIME TO FAILURE- HOURS

FIG. 2.03123 DELAYED FAILURE CHARACTERIS1'ICS OF AIR-MELT

ED PLATE IN SYNTHETIC SEA WATER
AT ROOM TEMPERA TURE.
(34)

30

28
Fe-18Ni~7.5Co-5Mo~Ti-Al
VIM, PLATE, (RW)
I II ' I
<- ....... .

-1700F, 1HR, AC+900F, 3HR, AC

26
.}
1
I
:.: lJ.
v
22

Fe-18~1-7 .5~5Mo-~-Al
/" CVM BAR

v
20 300 1500 F, 30 MIN, AC + 900 F,-
3 HR

r
C_ b-.,
18 , / 250
r--.
""
TES,ED DrY IIYDROGiN
!ii200
:.: ~
da/dt- IN PER MIN
'
~150 ~
FIG. 2, 03124 INFLUENC E OF STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR K ON THE ~
RATE OF CRACK GROWTH UNDER SUSTAINED LOAD IN 100
DRY HYDROGEN AT 1 ATMOSPHERE AND ROOM
TEMPERA TURE. (24)
50

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12
STRAIN- INCH PER PINCH
I
FIG. 3.0211 STREss-S mAIN CURVE f'OR ANNEALED \'-
AND AGED BAR. (6, p. 31)
REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe-18k-7 .seo-~Mo-n-.J
CVMBAR
Fe
ANNEAL 30 MIN, AC + 900F, 3 HR 18
300 Nl
7.5 Co
!il
::.: ....- .... ......._ ~
FTU
5 Mo
::,250 300
!il Tl
"'"" ~
FTY
::.:
I AI
200 '250 ~

"' 18Ni (250)

90
I
200 MaraainQ

""z
0
~
60
..
- RA

=~ .J1
v Fe-18Nl-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al _l
"' 30 AIR MELT, 0.7 INCH PLATE, L

0
. e(4D)
280 -
1650F, 1.5 HR, AC + 1530F, 1.5 HR, AC +
ANNEAL AT INDICATED TEMPERATURE,
1 HR, AC +900F, 3 HR, AC
1400 1500 11300 1700 1800 I FTU
ANNEAl-ING TEMPERATURE- F :=:-4-c.:::
F1G. 3.02131 INFLUENCE OF ANNEALING ~240 -
I
280
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE ::>
PROPERTIES OF BAR. (6, p. 23) t
~ ......
FTY
200

60 1-- ANNEALED IN ARGON

I - 200
eANNEALED IN CRACKED AMMONIA

l=---+"= :'--...
1
.5Co-~Mo-Ti-Al
1
I :...___

~~
Fe-18 Nl-7
1UR MELT, 1/4 INCH PLATE, L
ANNEAL AT INDICATED TEMPERATURE,
300 1 - 1 HR, AC + AGE - - - 1 - - - - - t - - - - 1 20 - -......_
..-
~
e(l.41N)

~+
.JI.r -~~
0
1500 2000 2100 22Ci0 2.100
ANNEALING TEMPERATURE- F

220 1 - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 1 - - - + - - - t - - - - - 1 3 0 0 F1G. 3.02133 INFLUENCE OF IDGH-TEMPERATURE

ANNEALING TREATMENT ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF PLATE. (10, pp.131,135)

e 900F, i
.A. 850F, 48 I!R
HR

o~----~----~------~----~----~-
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
ANNEALING TEMPERATURE- F

F1G. 3.02132 INFLUENCE OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE

ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF PLATE.
(5)(37)
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970

Fe VIM + CVM, 1 INCH THICK PLATE, L

18 Nl SOLUTION ANNEAL AS INDICATED+ AGE
280 900F ---.--:::::::=1-:="""k::::::::::--=----1
T.!S Co
5 Mo
Ti ~260
I
AI ::>
rt
2401---+------1---+-------1280
18NI (250)
MaraQinQ
--+~.,..._----1260 ~
I
><
rt'
ANNEAL TEMP 240
e 1650F + 1400F
A 1700F + 1400F
1800F + 1400F

e(21N) AGE TlME- HH

I
5 !iJ200 1----t--:- 1 3 10
0.5 1 5 10 50 ~320 L e A
AGING TlME - HOURS T 0 0

FIG .~.02134 EFFECTS OF SOLUTION ANNEALING TEMPERATURE

DID AGING TIME ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF VIM+ CVM PLATE. (38, p. 16)

I I I
Fe-18Ni-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM 0.115 INCH SHEET, L
ANNEALED 1 HR + 900F, 3 HR 200
300 ~ lOr------+-----+------+----~
~
u
=
~260
I
4'------ FTU
~f-.
3 00
~
a.. o~....-

BOO 850 900

e(2 IN)
_____....______J.-____
950
_....____ ~

1000
::> AGING TEMPEHATURE- F
rt ...... !il
FIG. 3.021411 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE
~
220 ~ AND TlME ON THE TENSILE PROP..
260 ':..
"'i ~ rt ERTIES OF SHEET. (39)

FTY ~~
220

t(21N)

~
0
1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
ANNEALING TEMPERATURE- F

FIG. 3.02135 EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON

THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ANNEALED
AND AGED SHEET. (39)
 FeUH
REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

r----r----------~--~----------~--~320

Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
AIR MELT, PLATE, L Fe
1500F, 1 HR, AC +AGE
FTU = 144 KSI, FTY= 114 K~Sl~AS~~;:::;s:t::::f::z:~280 18 Nl
ANNEALED
7.5 Co
5 Mo
l---b.L.=-----::.....==::;..!.:::::::..__!_-j-~~---+--l240 !a
:.: Ti
I
::>
f-t
AI
b----+--~~~---+----4-----------4-~~200~

18NI (250)
MaraQinQ

TEST TEMP
e 900F
850F
y soop
.a. 750F

Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
VIM + CVM, PLATE, MILL ANNEAL
1650F, +AGE

e(1.4 IN)

Iii
0~--~--------~----~--------~--~
0.5 1 5 10 50 100 ~ 240 l-----l-..----.::;'Aif--l-----+--- --------l2so
AGING TIME- HOURS ::.
t
FIG. 3.021421 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND TlME ON
THE TENSILE PROPEltTIES OF A1R MELTED PLATE.
(40)

RA

~ 41)
"l
0
=
"l
p. 20 b----+----------+----+------ -------1

oL---~---------L--~--------~
0.5 1 5 10 50
AGING TlME - HOURS

~
... 1.~ ....
FIG. 3.021422 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND
TIME ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
t-eUH
FERRO US ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970

Fe
I_ _I
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-T i-Al
AIR MELT, 1/2 INCH PLATE, L
I
liS
320
Fe-18NI-7. 5 Co-SMo-Ti- AI
1/2 INCH PLATE
u
18 Nl HOT ROLLED + AGE
:.: L
280 I 280
7.5 Co 320
~ r-
::>
~k t
5 Mo tl
~240
-
FTU
~ ,.....
~ ~
FTU
r:::
~
Ti 280 240 280 ':..
::>
- i :r- ....,
t
~
AI ~
rt'
200 --l >-____, -.... 240
liS
:.:
I
~ FTY ...., ~
240
ISNI (250) AGE TIME :>< AIR MELT AIR MELT
HOURS {;: (43) +DEGAS(41 )
Maraoing 4 FTY

80 r-- 0 8
l!. 16
200 80
0 l!.
4 HR "'
HOT ROLLED+AG E,

1500 F, 30MIN
0 24
!'<
z
r.l
0 40
_. r-
RA !'<
z
r.l
g 40 RA
+AGE, 4 HR
I
p:;
r.l r.l
-
"' "'
0
800
J.
850 900
e(1 IN)

0
- --
e(1 IN)

950 1000 800 850 900 950 1000

AGE TEMPERAT URE- F AGE TEMPERAT URE - F
FIG. 3.021423 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERAW RE FIG. 3.021425 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERAT URE
AND TIME ON THE TENSILE PROP- ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIE S OF
ERTIES OF HOT ROLLED AND AGED HOT ROLLED AND ANNEALED PLATE
PLATE. (41) FROM TWO HEATS. (41)(43)

J T
Fc-18NI-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti -Al
T
CVM, 1.8 INCH PLATE, L
ANNEALED 1500F, AC +AGE, G HR
300
\ .... /
FTU
v....._~
r-...
Fc-18Ni-7.5 Co-5Mb-TI- Al I
I;S250
:.:
v 300

v ~""
I
3/4 INCH PLATE ::>
) _........-...,
..
1500F, 1/2 TO 1 IIR, AC +AGE, 3-4
300
rt'200 ~
HOURS 250 ~
"
-
I

v ....... "(--L FTY ><

/
/:r..- .,.,...._,... - ...., 300 150 200
rt'

v-
FTU

/\......., (-...
-
"'
:.:
I
/ "'.
220 260 :>< 80
;A
v-l!. ~ rt' 150
FTY

... ..
v
o0.52Ti } 220. GO
~

~
e 0.48Ti, VAC DEGAS AIR MELT RA
l!.0.40Ti !'< __.........
z
r.l 4
so 0
=
r.l
40

RA
"'
20
._..., ~ . __, ~
c(1 IN)
l!. ,.. ....
0 c(2lfl
800 850 900 950 1000 650 750 850 950 1050 1150
AGE TEMPERAT URE- F
AGING TEMPERAT URE- F
FIG. 3.021424 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERAT URE FIG. 3.021427 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERAT URE ON TilE
ON TENSILE PROPERTIE S OF ANIIIF.AT .F.n
 rcvn

REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe-18N1-7. 5Co-5Mo-T1-Al Fe
3 OCf-CVM BAR
1500F, 30 MIN, AC + 3 HR AGE 18 Nl
~ ~I--
50 7.5 Co
00
FTuV

v
/I ~ 300
5 Mo
J.-' Tl
.. La
.....,
~
1 50
v- 250 1

1:
AI
FTY / ~ 200""
v "'i
J
18NI (250)
- ./
RA
....
150 Fe-18N1-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti- Al
CVM 0.115 INCH SHEET
ANNEALED + HOT ROLLED 20 PER-
MaraQinQ

300
CENT+900F, ~
3 HR
~ i'-
301--

0
e(4D)

1 - !il
~
I 260 I FTU

Iv(
500 700 900 1100 ::>
AGING TEMPERATU RE- F rt
220 300

~~
FIG. 3.021431 EFFECT OF AGING TEMP..
ERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF BAR.
(6, p. 24)
180 260 Ul

I
~
I
FTY
><
E-<
220""

1/ .L
O.T
180

20

e(2 IN)
0
' t\.
~ "'-

Fe-18N1-7 .5Co-5Mo-T1- Al 0
CVMBAR 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
300
1-- 1500F, 30 MIN, AC + 900F AGE ROLlJNG TEMPERATU RE - F
~ -.... FIG. 3. 02161 EFFECT OF ROLIJNG TEMPERATU RE
::.250 ---7TU ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
t: ANNEALED, ROLLED, AND AGED
SHEET. (47)
200 300 ~

... I

250 ~
~
FTY
""
90 200

RA

0 e(4D)
...
0
0.5 1 5 10 50
AGING TIME - HOURS

FIG. 3.021432 EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON TENSILE

FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970

320
Fe-18N!-7. 5Co-5M~-TI-Al _l ~WQ
L
Fe LAB AIR MELT, PLATE (L) AC
18 Nl HO'I' ROLL + COOLING + INDICA TED &SLOW
til280 COOL 300
HE!T TREATMEN T
:.a
7.5 Co
5 Mo
I
::>
rt'
240
_:a-- 1---
FTU - 2
Ti .a:.._
t--
AI --
--- --1---
FTY
RA
2 20
18Ni (250) -- '

~
MaraQinQ
.. --1---e(1 INCH)
~
340
Fc-18N!-7. 5Co-5M~-Ti-Al _I
LAB AIR MELT, PLATE (L)
wQ
Ac
r-...
900F, 3 HOURS HOT ROLL+ COOLING +
til300 I-INDICA TED HEAT TREATMEN T
..
A SLOW
_COOL 3 20

-
~280
[!l :.a

-... --
FTU I
t---
...
::> FTU

- !il
:.a

...:z: -
RA
FTY

--
2 GO ~
[!l
I

1::
"" 260
FTY--
-

-
2 80 I
:><
rt

---r---
~ 50 2 20 "" RA 2 40
t.l
ffip., - ~

.l: .... e( 1 INCH)

. ... -A
10 ~
~

-
IX: 10
...... IX:

1500F, 1 HOUR +900F, 3 HOURS

c(1 INCH)
850F 48 HOURS
--
1--j--.6.
~
p.,

. I
,;
280 ~3oo 0 ~-~
;:a
....
-- FTU
. .-
::>
...
I

FTU
~

--. - -
0 260 ""260 280 til
:.a
...._
- .. til
:.a
F TY
I

FTY
1:: ...:z: J=

-
0 220 "" 50 240
RA
~

...
~
t.l
=
~
p.,
RA -- ~
0
c (1 INCH) -
r-
10 (.'j
t.l
IX:
IX:
I
...: 10
-- c(1 INCH)
--
~ 10 ~
IX:
~

I
1600F, 1 HOUR+ 900F, 3 HOUUS
~
p., I
1500F, 1 HOUR+ 8 OF, 48 HOURS
p.,
I
0 d,
0 "'

-
1950 2050 til300
1850

-
1550 1650 1750 :.a _..
FINISHING TEMPERAT URE- F
::>
I

...
.
FIG. 3.02162 EFFECT OF HOT ROLLING FINISHING
TEM.!?ERA"fURE AND COOLING RATE
ON PROPERTIE S OF LABORATORY AIR-
INDUCTION-MELTED PLATE AGED AT
""260

F
.
FTu

-
~
280 !il
:.a
I

TY
(40)(48) J=
-.--
900F.
240
~ 50
~
t.l
IX:
UA c..--- -
~
p., ~
I 10 10 ~
...:
IX: .-- 1-
c(1 INCH) -- IX:
~
p.,

I 0 "'
I

1550 1650 1750 1850 1950 2050

FINISHING TEMPERAT URE- F

FIG. 3.02163 EFFECT OF HOT ROLLING FINISHING TEMP-

ERATURE AND COOLING RATE ON TENSILE (
PROPERTIE S OF LABORATORY AIR-INDUCTION-
rov -~ 1"'1o1' A"""" A ,..'1:'11"'1. A.,.. 0~1\"r.l tAft\ lAG\
 REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe-18Nl-7 .5~5Mo-Ti-Al
3/8 INCH PLATE, L
I Fe
1500F, 1 HOUR, AC + 900F, 3 HOURS, AC 18 Ni
300
7.5 Co
~ ~ FTU __. 5 Mo
I 280 ..... 300
Ti
rt ;3 AI
:.:
260

'--..:::::: !""'-
FTY .-,:

~
~
280 ;..

260
!-<
""'
18Ni (250)
Moraoino
ecVM
A AM+ LADLE VACUUM DEGAS

10
..
~
to-
e(2 IN)
-.
FINlSHING TEMPERATURES ARE 500F -
LOWER THAN THE INDICATED ROLLING
TEMPERATURE

0
1900 2000
I
2100
I 2200
ROLLING TEMPERATURE - F

FIG. 3.02166 EFFECT OF ROLLING TEMPERATURE

ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF PLATE.
(5'1, p. 100)
Fe-1BNI-7 .sc:rsMo-Ti-Al I
liN THICK, 5:1 UPSET FORGED PANCAKES
1500F, 1 HR, AC + 900F, 3 HR, AC
'\._....,...: 280
6

z
.........
0
~

~
STEEL RADIALm
Fro

--- .....

240
CVM(4TON, 0.50Ti)
AM+ LADLE VACUUM
0
280

6
DEGAS(70 TON, 0. 49Ti)
AM(85 TON,0.49Ti)
6
0

FTY !il
A---7 ......... :.:

~
"~ ~ ::;_
2GO

E
I

60 n 2 40
~
w
0
=
0

._
......
"""''t""' ~
.=
RA

w /
"'I 40
0 ""-1 ......
<
=
20 20
!-<
zw
e(1 IN) 0

a .a_ _. =
10"'
w
...... ~

1700 1800 1900 2000

FORGING TEMPERATURE - F

FIG. 3.02167 EFFECT OF FORGING TEMPERATlRE

ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 5:1 UPSET
FORGED PANCAKES. (57, p. 94)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970

380
Fe-18Ni-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
Fe 0.062 INCH SHEET-IND VACUUM 35 LB HEATS 50 PERCENT CR
+ 1500F, 15 MINUTES+ 900F, 3 HRS
18 Nl e 0.20 INCH PLATE-300 LB VACUUJIIIND HEATS, 15 TON
7.5 Co c;;
340 CVM AND 20 TON AlR ELECTRIC ARC HEATS -=-""""-1<---i 3 80
1500F, 1 HR, AC + 900F, 3 HRS
5 Mo :<:
I
:::>
Tl E-<
r...
AI 300 ~--,_-~~~,.~~-~~~--r-~~----;340
c;;
:<:
18NI (250) I

Maraolno 260 r--~,_---t~~--~-~~~~-+--_,-----;3oo

t

Co Mo
8.46- 9.46 4.68-5.30

1 1
Fe-1B Ni-7. 5 Co-5Mo- TI- Al
AlR MELT, l'LATE, L
1500F, 1 HR, AC +AGE
0~----~----~----~----~----~----~~--~ 40
r--.
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

r------ r-- r---

--
TITANIUM- PERCENT IE CHARPY V

FIG. 3.0217 EFFECT OF TITANIUM ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF

ANNEALED AND AGED SHEETS FROM LABORATORY
____,
AND PRODUCTION HEATS. (40)(49)(50) AGING TEMPERATURE 750F

0 40

4r----- i--
IE CHARPY V

AGING TEMPERATURE BOOF

40 0

IXl
..:I
I 20 t::--.. IE CHARPY V

t
AGING TEMPERATURE 850F
-
0 40

~
r---.... IE CHARPY V

AGING TEMPERATURE 900F

I I
0.5 510 50 100
AGING TIME- HOURS

FIG. 3.0231 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND TIME

ON THE IMPACT PROPERTIES OF AIR-MELTED
PLATE. (40) (SEE FIG. 3,021421 FOR CORRESPONDING
TENSILE PROPERTIES)
 reun
REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

r-----~--r-------~r--------,700
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-TI-Al Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-TI-Al
300 LB LAB. VAC. MELT, l/2 IN PLAT CVM, 0.07 IN SHEET
Fe
1500F, 1 HR, AC +AGE (SEE TABLE MILL ANN 1500F + 900F, 3 HR 18 Nl
341--->t-+--+---'<1~ 3.021426 FOR THE VARIOUS HEAT 700 EXPOSURE TIME 1000 HR 600
TREATMENTS) 7.5 Co
5 Mo
600
Tl
~ i-
AI
....~500 18NI (250)
II
Q
......
.!!!. MaraQinQ
22 f5400
0
z
ril
I=!
"'300
260 270 280 290 300
FTY- KSl

FIG. 3.0232 EFFECT OF YIELD STRENGTH ON IMPACT PROPERTIES 200 L-----~--~------~--------~100

OF 300 LB LABORATORY VACUUM MELTED PLATE. (44)
RT 600 800 1000
EXPOSURE TEMPERATURE - F

FIG. 3.0262 EFFECT OF 1000 HOUR ELEVATED

TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE ON THE
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al BEARING STRENGTH OF SHEET.
AIR MELT, 1/2 INCH PLATE (25, pp. 133-136, 144-145)
280 1500F, 1 HR +AGE, 3 HR - i - - - - t

'
~ '
'-

320
. Fe-18Nl-~ .seo-sMo'-n-Al
CVM 0.115 IN SHEET
J
~ 10~--~----~----~--~ 1500F, 1 HR, AC +AGE, 900F
800 850 950 1000 280
AGING TEMPERATURE - F
~ FTY, LANDT
FIG. 3.0233 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE
ON THE IMPACT STRENGTH OF
240 ,/
...------
ANNEALED PLATE. (51) FATIGUE CENTER

ruu~HEAT
TREAT AFTER
~
+rf-
200 _ CRACKING ""<>-'
30 280
Fe-18Ni~7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al 2
LAB HEATS
1500F, 1 HR + 900F, 3 HR c. I
240

~ ~ ~CK STRENGTH
-
c.

-
lil
10 ~ :.:
200
L T ~
... c.
It CHARPYI V
0 160 I
0 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0 2 4 6 8 10
SULFUR- PERCENT AGING TIME - HOURS

FIG. 3.0234 EFFECT OF SULFUR CONTENT ON FIG. 3.027121 EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON NOTCH
ROOM TEMPERATURE IMPACT PROPERTIES OF 250 KSl ANNEALED
!lHF.F."I'. 139\
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970

340
Fe-18Nl-7 .5Co-5Mri-n-Al
l
Ft
18 Nl
0.5 INCH PLATE
HOT ROLLED+
--HEAT B
I
~300 r-AGE 3 HR
?.5 Co I

5 Mo ~
r.,
FTY
I
-L----
c
A

Tl
260
-r- CRACK
AI HEAT STRENGTH SHEAR

18NI (250)
220 - A, CVM
B, CVM

0.

0
r-- 180

C, AIR 0
Moroolno ..j ? "
120 ~
-~
CRAi STRENGY

[[:::] EDGE
FATIGUE CRACK
HEAT TREAT
80

80 - AFTER CRACKING_

-;r- -~
p
-
SHEAR
0
800 850 900 950 1000 360r-----~----~------~----~
AGING TEMPERATURE- F Fe-18NI-7.5Co-5Mo-TI-Al
CVM 0.115 IN SHEET
FIG. 3.027122 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATI:RE CR + 900F, 3 HR
ON CRACK STRENGTH OF AIR AND -.'......
CVM PLATE. (52)

CENTER FATIGUE CRACK,

HEAT TREAT AFTER -1------l
CRACKING

~
120~--~~----~--~~+-----~

aor--L~~~--~~-----+-----4

40'------....l....------'------.l------1
0 20 40 60 80
COLD REDUCTION-PERCENT

FIG. 3.027131 EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING

 FeUH
REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

300~-----r------~-----r----~r-----,
Fe-18NI-7. 5 Co-5Mo-Tl.- AI
Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-TI-Al
AIR MELT, 3/4 INCH PLATE Ft
AIR MELT PLATE
1500F, 1 HR, AC+900F, 3 HR, AC
HOT ROLLED+ 915F, 4 liR 18 Nl
1~----4-----~~----4-----~ 260~==~~~.---+-~~~~----+------i
FTY- KSI
251
7.5 Co
5 Mo
Ti
AI
~
18or------r----~~~~-r-----;------;
e w = 4 INCHES ISNI (250)
200-'(/_l_ t .a. A w = 3 INCHES
MarUQinQ

t'
(jw/3 w=16t

NOTCH RADIUS= 0,001

AGED AFTER NOTCHING
140

H~1 0. 2 o. 4
SURFACE
CRACK HEAT TREAT
BEFORE CRACKING

0. 6 o. 8 1.0
CRACK LENGTH - 2a., - IN
100~----~----~~----~----~

FIG. 3.027152 EFFECT OF SURFACE CRACK LENGTH ON

f-o CRACK STRENGTH OF PLATE FROM TWO
1J AIR MELTED HEATS. (42)
g 60~----~------~--~~----~
f>l
ll.

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

THICKNESS (t) - INCH

FIG. 3.027141 EFFECT OF THICKNESS ON THE

SHARP NOTCH PROPERTIES OF
AIR MELTED PLATE. (53)

Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-~.M<>-TI-Al
CVM, 1.8 IN TlUCK PLATE, RW
ANNEALED 1500F, AC +AGE, 6 liR
160 (SEE FIG. 3.021427 FOR TENSILE PROPERTIES) - - - i

1
I TYPE A SPELENS
e TYPE B SPECIMENS
1401--l>-'r.;- ----...L-------
Fc-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-TI-Al
AIR MELT 3/4 INCH PLATE TESTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASTM
1500F, 1 HR, AC +AGE 900 PROPOSED STANDARD (81),
?5
~120~-----~--+----------+--------~-------+-;

:.:

180
60

140

100L-----~----~~----~----~------~ (A)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
.., ... CRACK LENGTH 2"o - INCH 700 800 900 1000 1100

t:,. FIG. 3.027151 EFFECT OF SURFACE CRACK LENGTH ON

THE CRACK STRENGTH OF AIR MELTED
AGING TEMPERATURE - F

FJ.G. 3.027212 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE ON PLANE-

ot.A'l'F. Af:F.n AT TWO TEMPERATURE S.(55) STRAIN CRACK TOUGHNESS OF CVM PLATE. '(45)
reun
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970

100
I
lJ
Fe
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
LAB AIR MELT, PLATE, (RW)
HOT ROLL + COOLING +INDICATED HEAT
I
18 Nl
80 TREATMENT
1500F, 30 MIN, AC + 900F, 3 HR

7.5 Co --~ Kw
5 Mo
Ti
~t>< t---....
AI 850F, 48 HR
~ ~
40 100
18NI (250)
K!c
MaraQing
80

~ r--- r--- ~
1----
r---- r-- """' 60 ~ 0.004 0.008 0.012
STRAIN - INCH PER INCH
0.016

1500F, 1 HR + 850F, 48 HR
FIG. 3.03112 STRES8-STRA1N CURVES AT ROOM
100
I I 40 AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES

:~
1

~rc-o.2T!
FOR CVM BAR. (6)

:
s-,..owcoo A
0-
-
80 r - - 6 ___,

40
1550 1650
--..:::::::;

1600F, 1 HR + 850F, 48 HR

I
1750
t---
I
1850 1950
FlNlSHING TEMPERATURE- F
-- r---.
2050

FIG. 3.027214 EFFECT OF FINlSHING TEMPERATURE FOR

HOT ROLLING AND COOLING RATE ON PLANE
STRAIN CRACK TOUGHNESS OF LABORATORY
AIR INDUCTION MELTED PLATE (SEE FIGURE
3. 02163 FOR TENSILE PROPERTIES). (40)(48)

1500F, 30 MIN, At;+ 900F, 3 HR

300 1---+---+---1---l

RT

TENSION
TENSION

0 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016

STRAIN- INCH PER INCH 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0. 012 0.014
STRAIN - IN PER IN
FIG. 3.03111 STRES8-STRA1N CURVES AT ROOM
AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES FIG. 3.03113 TYPICAL STRESs-STRAIN CURVES FOR TENSION AT
FOR AlR MELTED, ANNEALED, CRYOGENIC, ROOM, AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES.
AND AGED BAR. (6) (25, p. 54)
 REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

340
,_1 I I
Fe-18Ni-7.5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 0.07 lN SHEET
I Fe
MILL ANN 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HR
340
1500F, 1 HR, AC +COLD 18 Nl
300
0 EXPOSURE TIME 1/2 HR t11400 1-__,.,::=-+-----t ROLLED 50 PERCENT + 900F,
:<! 3 HR 7.5 Co
~ I
::> 5 Mo
260 ~ ......... 300
f-4
~3001----r-----~~~-r------r------r-;
Ti
0

~ 1'-e- r---
FTU
AI
~ ~
12 220
-""'~1"--
260
I
t:l
rt
1BO
FTY
1\ 220:.:
!iJ

~1\
I
><

140
\ 1BO
rt'

\
eL
OT

100 140
\
e(21N}
10 100 OL----~---~----~---~--~~
-500 -250 0 250 500 750

/
J TEST TEMPERATURE- F

FlG. 3.03123 INFLUENCE OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON

TENSILE PROPERTIES OF COLD-ROLLED

-
0
....
..,e(21N)
AND AGED SHEET. (65, p. 30)

0
-200 0 200 400 600 BOO 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE- F

FlG. 3.03121 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE

TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET.(25, pp. 111-113)
300 1
Fe-18Ni- 7 .seo-srJo-Ti-Al.l
CVM, 0.25 IN PLATE
MILL ANN 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HR
260
~ EXPOSURE TIME 1/2 HR 300

300

260
Fe-1BN!-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 0.06 TO 0.07 lN SHEET

180
' '
~~
~

~
...........
FTU
--,
1---.,
~
\ E
260

220
!iJ
:.:
I

L FTY ~
12
'J20 ~----~--~~~~~+-~~-+--~~+------i260 ~
~~
-~-:
140 180

rt
1BO
I
><
rt'
15
OT
\ 140

c(2 IN)
- !;:;140
'
.-
~ 10
p:;
lol ~ 0
~
ll. 0
0 5
"' -200 0 200 400 600 BOO 1000

:t; -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

TEMPERATURE- F TEST TEMPERATURE- F

FIG. 3.03122 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSlLE FIG. 3. 03124 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSlLE
PROPERTIES OF TWO HEATS OF CVM SHEET. (60)(61) PROPERTIES OF PLATE. (25, pp. 114-116)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970

300
Fe Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
BAR
18 Nl
260
7.5 Co
5 Mo til
:.:
Ti I
:::>
220
f-o
AI ~

180
18NI (250)
Maraolng
140 1 - - - - 0 CVM HEAT A (6)
Fe-18Ni-7 .SCo-SMo-Ti-Al
CVM, 1/2 INCH PLATE (CROSS ROLLED) C. AIR l\IELT }
OCVM HEAT B (61 )
1500F, 1 HR, AC + 900F, 3 HR

80
RA

f-o
~320 z 40
Jil
u
I
::>
f-o
=
Jil
~280~--+-----~----~--~~+-~~~------4 "' 0
600 800 1000
TEMPERATURE - F

FIG. 3.03126 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE

PROPERTIES OF ANNEALED AND AGED BAR. (6)(61)

.... 0.35 Ti
oc. 0.48 Ti 300
Fe-18Ni~7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-All

260
" ~ ......
CVM, 7/8 IN DIAMETER BAR, L
MILL ANN 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HR
EXPOSURE TIME 1/2 HR

'--.._~F
300

V1
~220 "r-.. "'-- r--.._TU
260

1\
::>
~ ~
~1--- FTY I

180 220t
0~~~----~----~----~----~----~
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
~ \
TEMPERATURE - F
140 \ 180

\
FIG. 3.03125 EFFECT OF CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE S ON
THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF PLATE AT TWO
TITANIUM LEVELS. (63)
60 140

!;. RA
Jil
u ..- /'
a: 40
Jil
15

"'a: ~u
..l:
20 __.....
c(2 IN) /_ 10 !i!=
.......... "' ..
I

5
-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F

FIG. 3.03127 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE

PROPERTIES OF BAR. (25, pp. ll'l-118)
 REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

320 280
Fe-1SN1-7 .5~5Mo-Ti-~
1
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM BAR CVM, 0.07 IN SHEET
Fe
c;-.... MILL ANN l500F +AGE 900F,
3 HR
18 Nl
240 240
7.5 Co
~
~~
~ 5 Mo
I 160 20 0 Ti

~
:::1
FCY
rt AI
!il
l<:
80 1GO

e
HOLDING TIME
30 MINUTES
0 ~----~~20~0~1~!0~U~RS~---+------r-----~~~~ 80 120
EXPOSURE TIME
1/2 HR
1ooo 1m
L


T
0
ll \ 18NI (250)
Maraolno

\
100 80
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
RA
~
f,l FIG. 3.03221 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE
0 COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF SHEET.
II: 50
f,l (25, pp. 119-120, 143)
"'
300
Fc-!18Nl-7 .5c!o-5Mo-Ti~Al
200 400 GOO 800 1000 1200 CVM, 0.25 IN PLATE, T
TEMPERATURE - F MILL ANN 1500F +AGE 900F,3HF

FIG. 3.03131 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON CVM BAR

AFTER HOLDING 30 MlNUTES AND 200 HOURS AT
!il
260
' .........

~~---
EXPOSURE TIME 1/2 lffi -

----.
TEST TEMPERATURE. (64)
:.:
( 220

~
FCY

180

140
0 200 400 GOO 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE- F

FIG. 3.03222 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE

COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF PLATE.
(25, pp. 122-123)

300
I
Fe-1BNI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-AI
I I
CVM, 1.5 IN DIAMETER BAR, L
...__ MILL ANN 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HR
260 EXPOSURE TIME 1/2 HR
..........

~--:--.~
~12or-----+------v~~~------t-----~-----r-1
:.:
gj
I
~220 ~

~
~ 8or-----+-~~~----_,------+-----~-----r-1 FCY
!ii
180

'
140
0 200 400 GOO 800 1000
0.010 0.012 TEST TEMPERATURE - F
STRAIN - lN PER IN
FIG. 3.03223 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE
FIG. 3.0321 TYPICAL STRE5S-STRAIN CURVES FOR COMPRESSION COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF BAR.
(;; AT ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES. (25, p. 55) (25, pp. 124-125)
W VV'I I

FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970

Fe \ ...
18 Ni 50
7.5 Co L T MELT L T
...
0 AIR 230 KSI (66)
5 Mo } 1/2 IN CVM

c.
40 AIR
Ti 5/8 rn CVM 252 KSl
5/8 IN CVM
AI
~30
.. " 0 112 rn
3/4 IN
AIR+ VAC DEGAS
AIR
18NI (250) ~
Maraglng !;:
Fe-18Nl-7 .5Co-5Mo-T i-Al
1500F, 1 HR, AC + 900F, 3 HR 1
20~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~ 40 MELT
0 1/2 IN SQ } BAR
e 5/8 INDIA
C. 1 1/2 x 5 IN FORGE
30 A 5 IN SQ BILLET

IE CHARPY-V

0~----~------~----~----~~----~----~----~ ~20r---~~~~~~~r7~~~~~~~
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300
TEMPERAT URE - F I
f-<
r..
FIG. 3. 03311 EFFECT OF TEST TEMFE RATURE ON IMPACT STRENGTH
OF
PLATE FROM SEVERAL HEATS. (8)(66)

IE CHARPY-V

-300 -200 -100 0 100

TEMPERAT URE- F

FIG. 3.03313 EFFECT OF TEST TEMFE RATURE ON

IMPACT STRENGTH OF BAR AND FORGING
FROM SEVERAL HEATS. (06)

Fe-18Ni-7. 5Co-5Mo- Ti- AI

CVM, 1/2 lli PLATE (CROSS ROLLED)
1500F, 1 HR + 900F, 3 IIR OCVM
C. AIR MELT
~ Gor---~~~~~r------+--,-.1
....:!
'
f-<
r..
40r-----~--+---r------+--T--;

e 245 KSI}F
' 0 260 KSI TY
oL---
.. ----~
300
--~--
:.~:J
-200
--~--
-100
~----
0
~
100 0 400 800 1200
TEMPERAT URE- F
TEST TEMPERAT URE- F
FIG. ';.::.;,2 EFFECT OI' LOW TEST TEMPERAT URE ON
FIG. 3.03314 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERAT URE
IMPACT STRENGTii OF ANNEALED AND AGED -
ON THE IMPACT STRENG'nl OF
PT.ATF.
 FeUH
REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

1
Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al _I ()L Fe
40 t-VIM + CVM, 1 IN THICK PLATE -
BAR, BILLET, ANDPLATE
1- ANNEAL 1500/1550F + 900, 3 HR MILL ANNEAL 1650F +AGE I OT
18 Ni
~ ~t--IE CjARPY V 7.5 Co
I
L T FORM MELT L T REF
... 7/8 INDIA BAR CVM 256 (25) -
!;:20 -,;r,. 5 Mo

40
.,
'i1
5 IN SQ IDLLET

5/8 IN PLATE
5/8 IN PLATE
CVM 250
11/2 IN X 5 IN BILLET CVM 268
CVM 252
CVM 268
},.., - 0
AGING TEMPERATURE 85~F
"'
40
Ti
AI
0 3/4IN PLATE AIR 255 256
} (8)

~
0 3/4IN PLATE AIR 244 244 IE CJARPY V ~
18Ni (250)
., - I- - 1---
20
...:t
I

~
"""""'l
30
~
t: Maraoino
~
., ., ., AGING TEMPERATURE 900F
/ ... ...
40 0

~ ... 'i1 ~
: -- ---- 4
I
~-
IE ~ARPY V
'i1 ~ 1---- 0 f"-.,

10
~ I-
TEMPERA~rE 95iF
0
IE IHARPYV
0
0.5
1
1
GING

5 10 50
-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 AGING TIME - HOURS
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.03322 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND
FIG. 3.03315 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE IMPACT TIME ON THE IMPACT PROPERTIES OF
STRENGTH OF BAR, IDLLET, AND PLATE FROM VIM+ CVM PLATE AT +30F. (38,pl6)
SEVERAL HEATS. (8) (25)(46)

Fe-18NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
! CVM, 0.07 IN SHEET
\. MILL ANN 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HR

Fe-1~NI-7 .5Co-5Mo-TiJAl J
-VIM+ CVM, 1 IN THICK PLATE
SOLUTION ANN AS INDIICA'ED AGE 900 F i EXPOSURE TIME
1/2 HR
_k
e
_:r._
0
I
IE CHARPY V e L 80 ~-----r~1~0~0~0~H~RT-----~~~~~=-r-----~
t: - I 0 T
20
ANNEALING TEMP- ~
1650 F + 1400 F 40~--~~--~~--~----~----~
0 200 400 600 800 100:1
0 40 TEST TEMPERATURE- F

IE CHARPY V FIG. 3.03511 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE

~ SHEAR ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF SHEET.
20 I (25, pp. 126-128, 144)
.,.,- ~
t:
200
1700F + 1400F Fe-1JNI-7 .5Co-~Mo-Ti-Al
40 0 CVM, ~! .. 25 IN PLATE, T
MILL ANN 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HR
..... EXPOSURE TIME 1/2 HR

- -.....
160
IQ
..::1
20
IE CHARPY V
r--- --....., r--....
~
I

t: 120

0
1800 F + 1400 F
Fsu ~
0.5 1 5 10 50
AGING TIME - HOURS 80
0 200 41)0 600 800 1000
FIG. 3.03321 EFFECTS OF SOLU1'ION ANNEALING TEMP- TES1 TEMPERATURE- F
ERATURE AND AGING TIME ON THE IMPACT
PROPERTIES OF VIM+ CVM PLATE AT +30F. FIG. 3.03512 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE
l'lA n 11;;\ I!=:F.F. li'Tl":_ ~LOY.-1!1.4 FOR ROOM SHEAR ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF PLATE.
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970

~----~------~----~----------~480
Fe-18Ni_:7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
Fe Fe-18Ni-7, 5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 7/8 IN DIAMETER BAR, L CVM, 0.25 IN PLATE, T
lB. Ni MILL ANN 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HR MILL ANN 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HR
Iaol----+- EXPOSURE TiME 1/2 HR 4BO I------+~...;EX;r:PO:..::;S:..:U:..:R;:E:..T.:::iM=Ei'-=1/,_;2:...::1ill::....,..----j440
7.5 Co
5 Mo ~
Ti 4401----~--~~-~~---4~-~400

AI ~
~oi----~~~~+----~~----P~--~350~
IBNi (250) 200 400 600 800 1000
"'II
TEST TEMPE!lATURE - F
0
MaraoiM FIG. 3.03513 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE ~
SHEAR ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF BAR.
G 3601--~~~----+-----~~---~-~~
,...;
(25, pp. 131-132) II
0
~

240

CVM, 0.07 IN SHEET

MILL ANN 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HR 2ool----~-----+--
EXPOSURE TIME 1/2 Jill 480

160~----~----~----~~----~----J
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F

FIG. 3.03612 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THB

BEARING STRENGTH OF PLATE.
(25 1 pp, 138-141)
til
:.::
400~-~~--~-~~---~--~~~-~360 I Fe-18Nl-7. 5Co-5111o-Ti-Al
0 CVM, 0.07 IN SHEET

"'
0
II MILL ANN 1500F + 900F1 3 HR
-EXPOSURE TIME 1000 HR 500
.L----+~~-4-~~-4320~
.,,
...;
:I:
l;
i-"'\,.. ~
I
II z --4---~~--~r------~4000"
0 f,:l
~320 ~~==~~~~~~~----_j~r-_j~ao~ o-i
II
:I: "' 0
l; ~
zf,:l ~4001----- --4------~~-~~~300~
15280
G" b
z
"' ...; f,:l
II:

..
II
o300 -~~--~~~k------~.4200~
o/D L
240
2.0 6
T
~
1.5 0

200

100~----~~--------~---------J
160~----~------~----~~---~------J RT 600 800 1000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 TEST TEMPERATURE - F
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3. 03621 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON
FIG. 3.03611 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE THE HEARING STRENGTH OF SI!EE:T
R~ A nn.:rr: ~"T'TH<'I\Jr..TI-f n ~ <:Ult'T.'T
 FeUH
REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe-18Ni-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 0.080 INCH SHEET
Fe
1500F, 1 HR + 900F, 3 HR
18 Nl
260~---+-----~-----4------~--~
0. 05 IN/IN/MIN FATIGUE CENTER CRACK 7.5 Co
"FTY
~ {75 tl-o.7 ?_ 5 Mo
Ti
AI

IBN I (250)
MaraolnQ
1000

Fc-lSNi-7 .50o-5Mo-Ti-Al
FIG. 3.03712 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND STRAIN CVM, 0.07 IN SHEET AND 0.25 IN
RATE ON CRACK STRENGTH OF ANNEAI,ED AND PLATE
AGED SHEET. (69)

100~--~~---4----~----4-----+---~

FRACTURE APPEARANCE
PERCENT SHEAR

L T
0.07 1N SHEET e 0
0.25 IN PLATE 0

0 200 400 600 800 1000

TEST TEMPERATURE- F

FIG. 3.03714 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON CRACK

STRENGTH OF CVM SH"!:ET AND PLATE.
280r-----r------r----~------.-----,
(25, pp. 157-158)
Fc-lSNi-7 .5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 0.06 TO 0.07 INCH SHEET
1500F, 1 IIR, AC + 900F, 3 IIR

9I-o.7
FATIGUE CENTER CRACK HEAT TREAT
BEFORE CRACKING
-100 100 200 300 400
TEMPERATURE- F

FIG. 3.03713 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON

r~un

FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970

18
Fe
Nf
Fe-18Ni-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
SHEET AND PLATE, L
ANNEALED+ 900P, 3 HR
-
7.5 Co
5 Mo
Ti
AI ...
18NI (250) -...
-

Mara aina
\.,
.'-
-1.
~.

J Fe-18NI-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-All

I
AIR MELT, 0.15 IN SHEET, L
1500F, 1 HR, AC + llOOF, 3 HR

~

..
A STEEL A- AIR MELT, 0.151N
SHEET, FTy= 245 KSI, FREQ,;;
2 c/s, R ::::0, (AIR)(76)
STEEL B- AIR MELT, 0. 27 1N

PLATE, FTY = 252 KSI, FREQ=

4 c/s, R,.,O, (AIR) (75)

l e STEEL C- VIM, 0. 25 IN PLATE,
FTY = 246 KSI, FREQ = 150 c/s,
A

R = O, (DRY ARGON AND HUMID

-
ARGON), (33)
0 STEEL D- VIM, 0.18 IN PLATE, -
FTY = 245 KSI, FREQ 5 f.'/t;,
R = 0.05 (DRY ARGON) (24) ~R""O
FREQ =::: 2 c/s
":
10
I ~
50 100 500 ~
STRESS INTENSITY (AK)- KSI Vm
FIG. 3.0521 INFLUENCE OF STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR (A K) AND
TEST ENVIRONMENT ON FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION
OF SHEET AND PLATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE.
Z
<J


(24)(33)(75)(76) ~
~
tii10- 5
!(

0:
:>::
~
~
5
<
0:
t,)

10- 6
10 w 100
STHESS INTENSITY (AK)- KSI"\frN

FIG. 3.0522 FATIGUE ,:RACK PROPAGATION AT ROOM

 FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

I ! I_

45
Fe-1&N1-7 .5Co-5Mo-T1-Al _. 0 Fe
1---- VIM, 0.2 IN PLATE 1
1700F, 1 HR, AC + 900F, 3 HR, AC - ' 18 Ni
0
7.5 Co
.~
0
00

35
c 5 Mo
~ 1-0-<
Ti

....
-"
1--*-i
~

1-<)-l
1- )-l
1-<)-l

0
0

oo AI

~ 1-0-l
0 18NI (250)
0
25 0 0
~ f~ MaraQinQ
0
1-+1 t-:>-J 0
0
..... ~ 1-{-1 0
0
1--+-1 k ~ 0
0
150 CPS 5 CPS

15
~-~
TESTED IN DRY _
ARGON
<H 0 TESTED IN DRY
HYDROGEN
I I I
10-6 10-5
6 a/6N- IN PER CYCLE

FIG. 3.0523 INFLUENCE OF TEST FREQUENCY ON FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION IN DRY

HYDROGEN, (AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND 1 ATMOSPHERE PI\ESSURE).(23)(24)

0.3 4
Fc-18N1-7 .5Co-51\!o-T1-Al
0.093 INCH SHEET
1500F, 1 HR + CR + 900t',
.....,_ 3 HR
0

~ Fc-18N1-7. 5Co-5Mo-T1-Al

6
~ CVM, SHEET, PLATE, AND BAR
ANNEAL 1500F, 900F, 3 HR
EXPOSURE TIME 30 1\!IN TENSION
32

e LONGITUDINAL
OTRANtVERSE 36 28 ~
0.2 2 :.:
0 20 40 60 80 0
0
COLD REDUCTION- PERCENT ....
0

32 24 ~
FIG. 3.0611 EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING PIUOR
0
TO AGING ON POISSON'S RATIO. (63)
~
28 20 ~
In
:.:
0
0
~24
I
tol L T

...
0 0 0.07 IN SHEET }
!== 6 0.25 IN PLATE (25)
;: 20
"' 7/8 INDIA BAR
BAR (6)
"
16
-200 0 200 400 GOO 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE- F

FIG. 3.0621 STATIC AND DYNAMIC MODULI FOR TENSION

... ,. AT CRYOGENIC, ROOM, AND ELEVATED
 FERROUS ALLO YS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970

Fe Fe-lBN!- 7 .5Co-5M o-Ti-Al

CVM, SHEET, PLATE, AND BP.lt Fe-lBN! -7 .5Co-5M o-Ti-Al
18 CVMBA R
Ni ANNEAL, l500F + 900F, 3 HR
1500F, l/2 HR, AC + 900F, 3 HR
32 EXPOSU RE TIME 30 MIN -l---- -1--- -1
7.5 Co
3oor----,_----~-----
COMPRESSION ;
5 Mo
Ti
AI
T
e 0 0.07 IN SHEET ---4-=::::.......,~-r----'i
18Ni (250) 6 0.25 IN PLATE
1.5 INDIA BAR
Maraging
20L-----~----~------~----
~----~
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMPER ATURE - F
TENSION
FIG. 3.0622 STATIC MODULI FOR COMPRESSlON AT
ROOM AND ELEVAT ED TEMPER ATURES . o~------~----~~~~~---
o 10 ~ ~
(25, pp. 119-125) 1000 KSI

FIG. 3.0642 TANGEN T MODULUS CURVES AT

ROOM AND ELEVAT ED TEMPER -
ATURE FOR CVJ\1 ANNEALED AND
AGED BAll. (6)

Fe-lBNi- 7 .5Co-5M o-TI-Al

AIR MELT BAR Fe-18NI- 7. 5Co-5M o-Ti-Al
1500F, 1/2 HR, AC + 900F, 3 HR AIR MELT BAR
1500F, 1/2 HR, AC + 900F, 3 HR
300 r----- --+-- ----1 ------ --l 300
R;-=+-

200

-"'
:.:
950F
lOOOF

100

TENSION TENSION
OL-------~----~W-~--
~~ 0
0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30
1000 KSI
1000 KSI
FIG. 3.0641 TANGEN T MODULUS CURVES AT
FIG. 3.0651 SECANT MODULUS CURVES AT
ROOM AND EI.EVAT ED TEMPER -
ATURES FOR AIR MELT, ANNEAL ED, ROOM AND ELEVAT ED TEMPER -
AND AGED BAR. ATURES FOR AIR l\IELT, ANNEAL ED,
(6) AND Am:D BAR. (6)
 FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS

I Fe-18Nl-7 .5Co-5Mo-TI-AI
CVM BAR
Fe
1500F, 1/2 HOUR, AC + 900 F, 18 Ni
3 H~URS
300 7.5 Co
J RT-
GOO~ ~
5 Mo
800F ~ Ti
200 900F 1 AI
950F ~ \\
lOOOF~
ISNI (250)
100 Maraolno

TENSION Fc-18Nl-7. 5Co-5!11o-TI-AI

0 i AIR MELT, 3/4 INCH PLATE
10 20 30 ANNEAL+ WELD+ 900F, 12 HOURS, AC
0
300~------~------~--------~-------4--------+--------1
1000 KSI SPEC. A: W = 4, l = 3/4
SPEC. B: W = 1/2, l = 1/8
FIG. 3.0652 SECANT MODULUS CURVES AT
ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERA-
TURES FOR CVM ANNEALED AND
AGED BAR. (6)

' SURFACE CRACK AT WELD AND AGE

'~EFORE CRACKING
1il
:.:
I 180
~
0
z
t.:l
1::: BASE PLATE>
fj;140
:I:
...u
E
100
WELD DEPOSIT
PHOCESS Ti CONTENT
eo GMA, Ti IMPLANT 1.2
80 0. ELECTRON BEAM }
0
GMA MULTIPASS
GMA2 PASS
0.5

e SPEC A
0. 0 AD SPEC B

Fo-lSNI-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-AI
CVM, 3/8 INCH PLATE 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
1500F, 1 HOUR, AC +WELD+ 900F, 3 HOURS, AC CRACK DEPTH (<fo)- INCH
280
r----::::::j:=:===:O{:l====j=====b;o==~ FIG. 4.0362 EFFECT OF SURFACE CRACK DEPTH ON TilE CRACK STRENGTH OF
VARIOUS WELD DEPOSITS IN AIR MELT PLATE. (56)

11/16 IN WIDE
X 3/8 IN THICK
U3200 SURFACE-CRACK
:<: SPECIMENS

90
160 SINGLE V DOUBLE V
0

0 IIAZ
120L-------~------~--------~------~--------~
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.2Q 0.25
CRACK LENGTII(2a,)- L'ICII
reuM
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970

Fe-18Ni-7. 5Co-5Mo-Ti-Al

18
Fe
Ni 300
AIR MELT, 3/4 IN PLATE
TllMPLANT GMA 2 PASS WELDS
WELD DEPOSIT-1.2Ti
I
a=:~~r-
7.5 Co
5 Mo
260
1---
-\ t = 1/8 l
T -
Ti
\
AI
!n
:.:

~220 h\ '\.,.
SURFACE FATIGUE CRACK AT WELD
If. HT BEFORE CRACKING

18Ni (250)
Maraoino
z~
.,~ p

WELDS
'"' !'-....

_\
:1: 180
u
f-o
0
z BASE """'~ .,
140
0 WELD+ 900F, 3 HR, AC
PLATE
,,
--
..........
WELD+ 1500F, 1 IIR, AC j"--._
+ 900F, 3 HR, AC
100
I I
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
CRACK DEPTH (dol - INCH
FIG. 4.0363 EFFECT OF SUR~'ACE CRACK DEPTH ON THE SHARP NOTCH STRENGTH
OF WELD DEPOSITS 1N 250 KSI AIR MELT PLATE AGED AFTER WELDING
Olt ANNEALED AND AGED AFTE!l WELDING. (56)

16. Yates, D. H., Vanadium Alloy Steel Company,

HEFERENCES
1. ASTI\1 A 538-65-Grade B, ASTM Standa~ds, Part 4
(January 1967).
2. AlliS 6520 (May I, 1969).
3. VASCO, Latrobe, Pennsylvania, Spec. Nos. 1\!B-
250 CVM and M5-250 CVM (November 15, 1967).
4. lntcrnatlonal Nickel Company, "Summary Data."
(March 30, 1965).
5. U. S. Steel Corporation, "USS Maraglng Steel," ADUSS
94031 (1904).
G. VASCO, Latrobe, Pennsylvania, "Vascoma.x 18 Percent
Nickel Ultra lllgh Strength Marab'ing Steels"(19GO).
7. Curtiss-Wright Corporation, "Research on Binary Iron-
Nickel Alloys with 20-25 Percent Nickel," Contract
AF3:l(G1G)-8018, Progress Heport No. 3 (November
30, 1901).
8. Reisdorf, ll. G., :md Baker, A. J., '"l11e KlnoUcs nnd
Mechanisms of the Strengthening of Maraging l:ltcels,"
AFML-TH-64-:DO (January 1965),
9. DeVries, R. P., "Effect of Processing Factors anrl
Size on U10 Properties of Commercially Produced 18Ni-
Co-Mo Maraging Steel," Symposium on Maraglng Steels
at Wright- Patterson Air Force Base (May 14, 1962).
10. Barton, C. J., Reisdorf, B. G., Salmon Cox, P. il.,
Chilton, J. M., and Oskin, C. E., Jr., "lnvcsUgaUon
of Thermal Embrittlemcntln 16Ni (250) 1\laraging Steel,"
AFML-TH-67-31 (1\larch 1967).
11. Hamaker, J. C., Jr., "Efrl.-ct of Primary Processing
on U1trahigh-Strenh1h Stt'!ls." In Dl\IJC Heport 210
(October 26-28, 19&:) p. 32.
12. Hcpublic Steel Corporation, ''Manufacturing Process
Development for lllgh Strength Steels, Forging Survey
lRNI-Co-1\lo 1\laraging and 9Ki-4Co Quench nnd Temper
Iligh Strength Steels,'' Interim Engineering Progress
Report IR-8-157-L, ASD Contract AF 3J(G57)-112i7
(September 1963).
13. D>id, Plate ancl Sheet Survey.
B. Pelllsslcr, G. E., "Some 1\llcrostructural Aspects of
1\laraglng (250) Steel In Relation to Strength and Tough-
ness," in U1c Procccdinbrs of the 'l1lird Marnging Steel
Project nevlew, HTD-TDH-63-4018 (November 1963)
pp. 408-137.
15. \Vel, H. P., "Fracture TouJ;hncss TcsUng Jn iU.loy
Development," in ASTI\I STP 381 (1965) p. 279,
Personal Communications with W. F. Brown, Jr. (1963).
17. Withercl, C. E., 1ntcrnatlonal Nickel Company,
Personal Commwucations with W. F. Brown, Jr. (1963).
18. Decker, R. F., 1ntern:itional Nickel Compnny,
Personal Communications with W. F. Brown, Jr. (1963). '--.- ;
19. Peterson, W. A., Dean, S. W., Scott, T. E., nnd
Dl Bar!, G. A. , "Review of Current Work on Maraging
Steels," ASI)..TDR-63-262 (May 1963) p. 309.
20. Trolnno, A. K., "Hydrogen in Maraglng Steel, Type
18Nl-9Co-5Mo (300 Grade), presented at the 3rd
Maraglng Steel Project Review, ASD Project 7381
(July 1963).
21. McDonnell Alrcra!t Corporation, "Static Fatigue
Strength of Diffused Nickel Cadmium Plated VascoMax
250 and Vasco Max 300," Hcport A733, Serial No. 19
(July 1963)(AD441111).
22. Bristol Aero jet Ltd. and Westland Aircraft Ltd., "The
Chemical Contouring of 18 Percent Nickel Maraglng
Steel Sheet," D. Mat. Rept. No. 143 (Aprll1967).
23. Spltzlg, W. A., Talda, P. M., and Wei, R. P.,
"Fatigue Crack Propagation and Fracto graphic An1llysls
or 18NI (250) Maraging Steel Tested In Argon and
Hydrogen Environments," Journal of Engineering
Fracture Mechanics, Volume 1 (19GB) p. 155.
24. \Vol, R. P. and Landes, J. D., "Correlation between
Sustalned Load and Fatigue Crack Grow<b in High
Strength Steels," Materials Hesearch and S.andards,
ASTM, Volume 9, No. 7 (1969) p. 25.
25. lloenle, A. F., Lumm, J. A., Shelton, R. J., and
Wallace, R. A., "Determination of Mechanical Prop-
erty Design Values for 18Ni CoMo 250 nnd 300 Gr:ule
1\laraglng Steels," AFML-TR-65-197 (July 1965).
26. 1nternaUonal Nickel Company, "J?rellminnry Data Sheet"
(1962).
27. Dean, S. W., nnd Copson, 11. R., "stress Corrosion
Behavior of 1\laraglng Nickel Steels In Natural Environ-
ments," Corrosion, Volume 21 (March 1965) pp, 95-103
28. Rubin, A. , "Stress Corrosion Cracking of Maraging
steels," Proceedings or the Fourth Maragtng Steel
Project Hevlew (July 1964).
29. Kirk, W. W., Covert, R. A., and May, T. P.,
"Corrosion Behavior of IUgh Strength Steels In Marine
Environments," ASM Metals Engineering Quarterly,
Volume 8 (1-'ovember 1968) pp. 31-38.

REVISED SEPTEMBER 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS
30. \Vacher, G. A., "Stress Corrosion Cracking Studies of
10-, 12-, wtd 18- Percent Ni Maraging Steel Alloys
in Sea Water," U. S. Navy, Marine Engineering
Laboratory, MEL R&D Phase Report 73166 (March 1966
31. Acrojct-Gcneral Corporation, "Stress Corrosion Crack-
ing of High Strength Alloys," Report No. 0414-02-2
(Quarterly), Contract DA-04-495-0RD-3069
32.
(January 1964).
Acrojct-Gcncral Corporation, "Stress Corrosion
Cracking of High Strength Alloys," Report No. 0414-
02-3 (Quarterly), Contract DA-04-495-0RD-3069
(April 1964).
33. Wei, R. P., Talda, P. M., and U, Chc-Yu, "Fatigue
Crack Propagation in Some Ultrahigh Strength Steels,"
ASTM STP 415 (1967) pp. 460-485.
34. Novak, S. R. and RoUe, S. T., "Comparison of
Fracturc-Mechwtics and Nominal Stress Analyses in
Stress Corrosion Testing," Corrosion (1969) (to be
published).
35. Republic Steel Corporation, "Special Property Steels,"
Adv. 1868-10M-468, p. 31 (1968).
36. Republic Steel Corporation, "Manufacturing Process
Development for lligh Strength Steels," lntcrlm
Engineering Progress Report lR- 8-157 (VITI) (1 May
1965-1AUb'liSt1965) (1965).
37. Spacdcr, G. J. and Murphy, W. J., "An Investigation of
the Effect of Heat Treating Variables on the strength wtd
Fracture Toughness of 18Ni-Co-Mo lllaraging Steel,"
U. S. Steel Corporation, Applied Research Laboratory
Report 10.002-070(8) (December 24, 1963).
38. Puzak, P. P., Et. a!., "Metallurgical Characteristics
of lligh Strength Structural 1\laterlals," Eleventh Quart-
erly Report, NRL Report 6513 (August1966).
39. CUrtiss-Wright Corporation, "Hescarch on Binary Iron-
Nickel Alloys with 20-25 Percent Nickel," Contract
AF33 (616)-8018, Progress Hcport No. 4 (February 28,
1962).
10. U. S. Steel Corporation, Applied Hcscarch Laboratory,
"Unpublished Data," Cotnmunlcntion to R. P. Wei (1969)
41. Audcncr, R. E. and Tenner, W. S., "Evaluation of
!Ugh Nickel Steel for Application In Largo Booster
Motor Application,'' ASD Contract AF33 (657)-8740,
Acrojet-Gcneral Corporation, Sacramento, California,
Hcport 0705-82Q-2 (December 1962).
42. 7"'persteln, z. P., and Mixon, W. V., "Evaluation of
Maraging Steel for Application to Space Launch Vehicles
NASA Contract NAS 7-214, Douglas Hcport SM43105
(July 8, 1963).
43. Crimmins, P. P., and Tenner, W. S., "lnformal
MonUtly Heport for the Investigation of Maragtng Steel
Covering the Perlod(l May Through 30 May 1963)
ASD Contract AF 33 (657) 8740, Acrojct-Gcncral
Corporation, Sacramento, California (May 1963).
44. Spllzlg, W. A., "The Effect or !Alplcx Aging Treatment
on the Mechanical Properties or 18NI-Co-Mo-TI lllara-
ging Steels," U. S. Steel Corporation, prcprlnt of paper
to be published In Trans. ASM (1969).
45. Srawlcy, J. E., "Plane Strain Fracture Toughness
Tests on 1\vo lnch Titlck Maraging Steel Plate at
Various Strcnb>th Levels," FHACTUHE 1969, Proceed-
Ings of the Second lntcmauonal Conference on Fracture,
Brighton (April 1969) Chapman and Hall, Ltd (1969).
46. caasgal, B. M., Looby, G. T., wtd Traynor, 1\1. T.,
Republic Steel Corporation, "Unpublished Data" (1962).
47. Curtiss-Wright Corporation, "Hcscarch on Binary Iron-
Nickel Alloys with 20-25 Percent Nickel," Contract
AF 33 (616)-8018, Pro!;"rcss Hcport No. 5 (May 30, 1962
48. Spacdcr, G. J., Brown, 11. M., wtd Murphy, W. J.,
"'ntc Effect of !lot Holling Variables on the Fracture
Toughness of 18NI M1rag!ng Steel," Trans. ASM,
Volume 60, p. 418 (1~67).
19. Aggen, G. N., Allc.:hcny- Ludlum Steel Corporation,
Personal Communlc"tion with W, F. Brown, Jr.(1962).
50. Aerojct-Gcneral Corporation, "Evaluation of High
r
f,
Nickel l\laraglng Alloy Steels," Contract AF 33 (657)-
889Q, Task No. 738103, Phase 1(1 October through 31
!
"' ...
December 1962)(15 January 1963) (AD 295680).
~. 51. Grotkc, G. E., "Some t\Bpccts of Wcldablllty of 18
FeUH
Project Review, ASD-TDR 63-262 (November 1962)
p. 47.
52. Hughes, W., Thiokol Cbemlcal Company, Personal Fe
Communication with W. F. Brown, Jr. (1962).
53. Bhat, G. K. , "Metallurgical Research in Support or the
18 Nl
Construction and Testing of a 10 Foot Diameter Proto-
type Pressure Vessel Using Maraging 18 Percent Nickel
7.5 Co
steel Plates," AFO Contrsct 4 (611)-8525, Mellon
Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvwtia (April 22, 1963).
5 Mo
54. Decker, R. F., Eash, J. T., and Goldman, A. J., Ti
"Maraglng Nickel Molybdenum Steels," ASM Trans.
Quartcrly(1962). AI
55. Zaperstcln, Z. P. and Mixon, W. V., "Evaluation or
Maraging Steel for Application to Space Launch Vehicles ( )
NASA Contract NAS 7-214, Douglas Report SM 43105 8
I NI 250
(October 4, 1963).
56 Zaperstcin, z. P. and Whitcson, B. v., "The Proper- Maraglng
tics of Welded 18Ni-7Co-5Mo Plato," Engineering
Paper No. 1696 Douglas Missile and Space Systems
Division (July 1963).
57. Shimmin, J. 'f., ct. a!., Republic Steel Corporation,
''Manufacturing Process Development for High Strength
Steel's," Interim Engineering Progress Heport IR- 8-
157(V) (1 .July 1964-1 October 1964)(1964).
58. Brown, W. F., Jr., and Srawley, J. E., "Plwtc Strain
Crack Toughness Testing of High Strength Metallic
Materials," ASTM STP 410 (1967).
59. Crimmin, P. P. and Tenner, W. S., "lnformal Monthly
Report .for the Investigation of Maraging Stc:,els" (1 July
1963-30 July 1963) ASD Contract AF 33(657)-8740,
Aerojct-Gcncral Corporation, Sacramento, California
(July 1963).
GO. Sampson, H. B., "Preliminary Investigation of 250
and 300 Maraging Steel Sheets (18Ni-Co-Mo)," Maraging
Steel Project Review, ASD TOR 63-262 (November 1962)
p. 271.
61. Hwtna, G. L. and Steigerwald, E. A., "Fracture
Characteristics of Structural Metals," Bureau of Naval
Weapons Contract No. NGOO (19)-58831, Final Hcport
ER 5426, TAPCO, Cleveland, Ohio (June 1963).
62. Kula, E. B. and lllckcy, C. F., Jr., "Evaluation of
Maraging Steel at U. S. Army Materials Research
Agency," 3rd Mnraging Steel Project Hcview, ASD
Project 7381 (July 1963).
63. Vwtadlum Alloy Steel Company, Personal Communica-
tion between J. G. Hamaker wtd S. S. Manson (NASA
Lewis) (1963).
64. Boeing Company, "Evaluation of Cold Rolled Sheet and
!lot llolled and Forged Bar of the 18, 20, and 25 Percent
Ni Maraging Steels," Boeing Document No. 02-35109
(1963)(AD443891).
05. DMIC, "The Mechanical Properties of Maraging Steels I'
DMIC Memorandum Draft (July 22, 1963).
66. Clark, C. C., International Nic:kcl Company, Personal
Communication toW. F. Brown, Jr. (1962).
67. Steigerwald, E. A., TAPCO Group, Thompson-Ramo-
Wooldridge, lnc., Personal Communication toW. F.
Brown, Jr. (September 24, 1962).
68. Tuffnell, G. IV., Pasquine, D. L., and Olson, J. H.,
"An Investigation of tho FatiguC' Behavior of I 8 Pllrccnt
Nickel Maraging Steel," Trans. ASM, Volume 59
(1966) p. 769.
69. Cicci, F., "An Investigation of the Statistical Distribu-
tion or Constwtt Amplitude Fatigue Endurance for a
Maraging Steel," UT lAS Note No. 73 (July 1964)
(AD448046).
70. Swanson, S. R., "A Survey of the Fatigue Aspects of
the Application of Ultrahigh Strength Steels," in DMIC
Hcport 210 (October 26-28, 1964) p. 136.
71. Spaedcr, G. J. and Murphy, W. J., "Properties of
Cold H<.'duccd 300 Grade 18 NI Maraglng Steel," Journal
of Materials, Volume 3, No. 1 (1968) p. 116.
72. Campbell, J. E. , "Review of Alloys and Fabricating
Mcthodp for 'o'actlcal Missile Motor Cases," DMIC
Memorandum 224 (August 15, 1967).
73. Carmwt, C. M. 111111 l"..atlin, J. 111., "Low Cycle Fatigue
Crack Propagation or lligh St1:r.n1l(h Steels," 66-ME'I'-3,
I ~'-#1 I

FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED= SEPTEMBER 1970

74. MUler, G. A., "The Dependence of Fatigue Crack i

Fe Growth Rate on strl'ss Intensity Factor and the Mechani- '-
cal Properties of Some High Strength Steels," Trans.
18 Ni ASM, Volume 61 (1968).
75. Seabrook, J. B. , "Working with Maraging steels -
7.5 Co Nitriding," Metal Progress (July 1963).
76. Reisdorf, B. G., Blrkle, A. J., and Salmon Cox, P. 1L
5 Mo "An Investigation of the Mechanical Properties and
Microstructures of 18Ni(250) Maraging steel Weldments''
Ti AFML-TR-65-364 (November 1965).
77. Srawley, J. E. and Eagar, J. B., "Investigation of
AI Hydro test Failure of Thid<cl Chemical Corporation 260-
Inch Diameter SL-1 Motor Case," NASA TM-1194
(January 1966).
18NI (250) 78. stppel, G. R. and Vonnegut, G. L., "Evaluation of 18
Percent Ni-Co-Mo Maraging steel for Heavy and Thin
Maraglng Wall Rocket Motor Case APPlications," Allison Division
Genersl Motors Corporation, Engineering Department
Report No. 3448 (July 12, 1963).
79. Proposed Method of Test for Plane strsln Fracture
Toughness of Metallic Materials, ASTM Book of stand-
ards, Pt. 31 (1969)p. 1099.

\..,.,,,.,
 AEROSPACE STRUCTURAL MJ::TALli IIMIJIIUUI<.
FeU I-
REVISED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
AUTHOR W. F. BROWN, JR.

1. GENERAL 1.051 General. All grades may be heat treatP.d by conven-

~:
This steel was developed specifically to have high tional quenching and tempering procedures and fully Fe
hardenablllty combined with good fracture toughness. balnitic structures can be easily produced In the 0. 45C
Four grades are available, designated as 0.20, t'.25, grade. Isothermal transformation of the lower carbon 9 Ni
0. 30 and 0. 45 carbon respectively. The two lower grades results In mixed structures and Is not recom-
carbon grades provide tensile strengths in the range mended. The balnltic structure In 0. 45C sheet appears 4 Co
between 180 and 210 ksl with the 0. 20 carbon grade to have higher fracture toughness than tempered mar-
having the best weldablllty and temper resistance. tensite at the same strength level (see Table 3.02718). Cr
The low carbon grades can be welded in the fully heat One set of data (Figure 3. 0236) shows the Impact
treated condition and achieve essentially 100 percent strength of 0. 45C baln!Uc plate and forgings to be Me
joint efficiency without preheat or post heat treatment.
These weldments may be stress relieved without
higher than that of tempered martensite at the same
strength level. However, It should be noted that the
v
significant loss In CharpyV Impact energy or tensile quenched and tempered and the Isothermally trans-
properties providing a special composition filler wire formed material was from different heats. The 9Ni-4Co
Is used with the GTA process. The 0.30C grade Is stress corrosion resistance of 0.45C grade balnlte
suitable for applications requiring tensile strength appears to be superior to tempered martensite (see
levels between about 220 and 240 ksl and has good Table 2. 0331). Smooth specimen fatigue character-
resistance to strength loss at moderately elevated Istics are essentially the same for both bainite and
temperatures. The 0.45C grade Is recommended fllr tempered martensite In this grade (Table 3. 0511).
use In the balnltic condition at tensile strength levels The Isothermal transformation characteristics will
In the range between 260 and 280 ksl. There Is very vary with rather small variatl'lns in the heat chemistry;
little experience in welding the two higher carbon and for that reason It Is recommended that the Isother-
grades, and they arc Intended primarily for usc In mal transformation characteristics of each heat be
forged parts not requiring welding. The alloy Is determined In order to avoid mixed structures.
normally melted by the carbon deoxidation process 1.052 Normalize. 1600 to 1700F, AC.
which insures high cleanliness; however, steel melted 1.053 Spheroldlze anneal. 1100 to 1150F, 48 houra. AC.
by this process Is sensitive to overheating during hot Alternately 1300F, 2 hours, AC + 1200F, 4 hours, AC.
working. Hardness 30 to 35 RC.
1.054 Austenltizc. 0.20C, 0.25C and 0.30C grades 1475 to
1.01 Commercial Designation 1525F, 1 hr. mlalmum; 0.45C grade 1450 to 1500F,
9NI-4Co Steel. 1 hr. mlnlmum.
1.055 Quenching. Air cooling may be employ:3d for all grades
1.02 Altomate Designations In sections up to 1/2 Inch. For bw::.rlor sections in
Republic HP-9-4-20, HP-9-4-25, IIP-9-4-30, and 0. 20C and 0. 25C grades, water qucmeh. For heavier
HP-9-4-45. sections in 0.30C and 0.45C grades, oil or water quench.
1.056 Refrigeration. 0.30C and 0.45C grades should be held
1.03 Specifications at -100F or lower following quenching from the austen-
ltizing temperature.
1 1.031 SAE-AMS Specifications, Tabla 1. 031. 1.057 Tempering for all grades: 400 to llOOF depending on
\ the strength level required (sec 3.02) 0.20C and 0.25C
TABLE 1 031
Form grades 990 to 1010F generally gives Fty = 175 to 200 ksi
AMS Grade
Bars, forging and tubing (a) and Ftu = 190 to 215 ksi. 0.30C grade, 950 to 1010F
62CF(b) 0.20C
Sheet, strip and plate (a) gives Ftu= 220 to 240 ksi and Fty = 195 to 215 ksl.
65CD(b) 0.20C
Bars, forgings, tubing and rings 0.45C grade, 490 to 510F gives Ftu = 270 to 290 ksi
6540A 0.25C
Bars, forgings, tubing and rlrgs(a) and F ty = 220 to 240 ksi.
6541A 0.25C
Sheet, strip and plate 1.058 Isothermal transformation. 0.45C grade only, 4f; to
6545A 0.25'C
Sl!ect, strip and plate (a) 490F, 6 to 8 hours,AC (sec Fig. 3.02121). Generally,
654GA 0.25C
450 to 470F, 6 hours AC give Ftu = 260 to 280 ksi and
65CE(b) 0.30C Sheet, strip and plate (a)
F ty = 220 to 235 ksl.
6542A 0.45C Bars, orgtng and tubing a
1.059 Stress Reller. 50 to 100F below the tempering temper-
(a) Premium quality CVM. ature, 1 hour mlnlmum, AC, AMS 6542 gives 415 to
(b) AMD tentative specification. 435F, 2 hours.

1. 04 Composition
Table 1.04.
TABLE 1 04
Source (85) (84) (49)(50)(51)(83) (S?)p. 14(58)(83)(84)
Grade 0.45C 0,30C 0.25C 0.20C
Percent Percent Percent Percent
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
Carbon 0.42 0.48 0.29 0,34 0.24 0.30 O.lG(b) 0.23
Chromium 0.20 0.35 0.90 1.10 0.35 0.60 0.65 0.85
Cobalt 3.50 4.50 4.25 5.00 3.50 4.50 4.25 4.75
Mangnncsc 0.10 0.35 0.10 0,35 0.10 0.35 0.20 0.40
Molybdenum 0.20 0.35 0.90 1.10 0.35 0.60 0.90 1.10
Nickel 7.00 8.50 7.00 8.00 7.00 9.00 8.5 9.5
Phosphorus - 0.010 - 0.010 - 0.010 - 0.010
Silicon - 0.100 - 0.10 - 0.10 --O.lO(a)
Sulphur -
0.06
0.010
0.12 0.06
- 0.010
0.12 0.06
- 0.010
0.12 0.06
0.010
0.12
Vanadium
Copper
lron
- 0.35
Balance
- 0.35
Balance
- 0.35
Balance Balance
(a) AMS 6540A(49), 6545A(51) give Sl-0.35 maximum.
(b) AMD 65 DC (83) and AMD 62CF (84) give c-0.17 to 0.23, Mn- 0.20 to 0.30 and
Cu - 0. 35 maximum.

1. 05 Heat Treatment
(See also 3. 011).
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1971

1.06 Har!lness
when the alloy is tested In high pressure hydrogen (see
Fe 1.061 Effect of nustenitlzlng time on hardness at 0.42C level, Table 1. 0921).
Figure 1.061. 1. 0921 Effect of testing In high pressure hydrogen on the
9 Ni 1. 062 End quench hardcnnb1llty for 0.25C and 0.45C grades, smooth tensile and sharp notch properties or o. 20C
Figure 1. 062. grade rod, Table 1. 0921.
4 Co 1.063 End quench hardenab1llt y for 0.30C grade, Figure 1.063.
1. 064 End '!'lench hardcnabilit y for 0. 20C grade, Figure 1. 064. TABLE 1 092 1
Cr 1.065 Zfi'ect of tempering temperature on hardness at two Source (68) p. 24, 51 and 52 (69) p. n-5
carbon levels, Figure 1. 065. Allov 9NI-40J 0. 20C Grade CVM C, deox)
Mo 1.066 Effect of tempering temperature on the hardness of Form 7/16 diameter Rot!
v 0. 25C grade plate, Figure 1. 066. Condition
Environmen t
i550F, 1 hr, 0Q + 1000F (2 + 2 hr)
Air Helium Hydrogen
1.07 Forms and Conditions Available Pressure - pslg 0 10,000 10,000
9Ni-4Co 1.071 Forms. All grades are available In sheet, plate, bar, Ftu- ksl 208 199 175
and forging billets. Fty- ksl 202 187 143
e(1.25 in)-perccnt 15 15 1.0
RA- percent 65 67 15
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice Notch strengtb(a)
1.081 Melting. The preferred practice for high cleanliness - ksl 373 368 86
Is basic electric furnace melting of an unkilled heat (a) Diameter - 0. 25 Inch ,Notch diameter - 0.150 Inch
having excess carbon and very low Sl and AI. Remelt- Notcb anglo 60 V, Root radius =0. 001 Inch
Ing of the vacuum consumable electrode process
(using a cold walled crucible) results 1n carbon deoxi- 1.093 Fracture Toughness. There Is very little Information
dation. The advantage of this process Is the elimination nvnllablc on the plane strain fracture toughness of
of Inclusions associated with Sl and AI which are various grades or this alloy. Data for 0. 30C grade
normally added to kill the air melt. The following plate and forgings (Figure 3. 02721) Indicate that Krc
gives a brief comparison of the mechanical properties Increases steadily In the tempering temperature range
among killed air melts, Killed air plus consumable between 400 and lOOOF even though only a small varia-
electrode vacuum remelts, and carbon deoxidized tion In yield strength Is observed In this range. These
melts of 0. 25 and 0. 45C grades, quenched and tempered data Indicate a Kic = 120 ksi-(in) 1/2 at a yield strength
to about 180 and 250 ksl respectively . In the 0. 25C of about 200 ksl can be obtained by tempering at lOOOF.
grade, the reduction of area values of forgings and the More recent information on 3 Inch forged plate of
Impact strength of both plate and forgings nrc Improved 0. 25C grade (Figure 3. 03721) shows about liac same
by consumable vacuum remelting of a killed air melt; Krc value at Fty =180 ksl. Nearly all the fl'llcturc data
however, larger Improvemen ts In these properties are for 0.45C grade applies to sheet and, as mlgn: be
obtained by carbon deoxidation (sec Figures 3. 03311, expected, this grade when quenched and tempo red to
3.0338, 4,0141, 4.0142, and Table 3.02112). The high strength levels (F ty > 220 ksl) exhibits considera-
sharp notch tensile properties of 0. 25C heavy plate ble crack sensitivity (c. g. Tables 3.02717 and 3. 03718
also reveal t!ac same r~lativc effects of molting practice and Figures 3. 03715 and 3. 02716). However, a bainltic
(sec Table 3. 02711). However, for the 0.45C grade the structure appears to be considerably superior to a
effects of melting practice arc not nearly so pronounced martcnsltic structure In this respect (sec Table 3. 0~717).
(sec Tables 3.02716, 3.02717, 3.02718, and Figures
4.0142 and 4.0143).

1.09 Special Consideratio ns 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIE S

(see also Sections 1.05, l.OS, 2.03 and 4.03).
1.091 Section size and directionalit y. The alloy has very high 2. 01 Thermal Properties
hardcnnbilit y as Indicated by the small gradient In 2.012 Phase ch.'lllgcs.
tensile strength properties through the thickness of 2. 0121 Tlroc-tompc r><ture-tran sformntion diagrams.
heavy forgings and plate of the low carbon grades (see ?.. 01211 Tcn;utive time - temperature -transforma tion diagram
Table 3. 0219 and Figure 3.0211l). The directionalit y lor 0. 20C grade, Figure 2. 01211.
of smooth tensile properties ir. heavy plate Is small 2.013 Thcrrr.nl conductivity , Table 2. 013.
(e.g. Table 3.02115). llowcvcr, the fracture proper-
tics of hea\'Y sections as measured by tho Charpy-V TABLE 2 013
Source (81)
Impact strength decrease with Increasing section size
Alloy 9NI-4Co
and exhibit directionalit y with the tr:msversc directions
Grade 0.20C 0.25C 0.30C 0.45C
having considerably lower Impact strength than the
longltud!nnl direction (sec Figures 3.0231, 3.0331, Condition A B A B A B A B
Thermal Cond
3.0332 :md 3.0336).
Embrittlcmc nt. The Impact strength of nil grades Btu ft per
1.092
exhibits a minimum In the tempering temperature range _jllr sq ft F) 14.1 14.I 15 15.8 13.3 15 13.3 12.5
between ab.>ut 500 :md 800F (e.g. Figures 3.0233 and 0.20Q-A, Q :md 1025F, 4 hr; 0.25C-A,Q + lOOOF, 4 br;
0.30Q-A, Q + 2 hr -llOF + 950F (2+2hr); 0.45C-A,Da lnitc 475F, 6 hr;
3. 0231).
all grades - B, 1150 F anneal
As might be expected, the crack sensitivity of the 0.45C
grade Increases rapidly with decreasing test tempera- 2.014 Thermal expansion, Table 2. 014.
ture below room tp ,oraturc (sec Figures 3. 03714 and
3. 03715); :md for critical applications at subzero temp- TABLE 2 014
eratures, particular attention should be given to the Source (81)
weakening Influence of small cracks and flaws In this Alloy 9NI-4Co
and In the 0. 3 OC grade. Grade 0.20C 0.25C 0.30C 0.45C
Condition A A A A
Elevated temperature exposure can produce an Increase Thermal Expansion
In tensile strength and a decrease In ductility (sec (RT to 200F)
Figure 3.0316). While the effects shown nrc not large, In per In per F x 10-6 6.4 6.4 i 6.3 6.2
their magnitude may depend on rather minor variations See Table 2.013.
In nlloy chemistry and may be associated with an
Increase In crack sensitivity. t...rgc reductions In 2.015 SpooU!c heat
tensile dur.til\ty and notch strcmrth can be mmMtNI ? nu:. """'""'--- ...11r11.----'

REVISED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
2.02 Other Physical Properties
2.021 Density, 0.28 lb per cu ln.
Electrical properties.
2.022
2. 0221 Electrical conductivity, Table 2. 0221.
TABLE 2 0221
Source llll
WJoy 9Ni-4Co
0.20C 0.25C 0.30C 0.45C
Grade
Condition A B A B A B A B
Electric
resistivity
microhm- In 14.4 14.5 13 .12. 6 14.6 12.9 14.8 16.3
See Table 2.013.
2.023 Magnetic properties.
2.024 Emissivity.
2.025 Damping capacity.
2.03 Chemical Properties
(see also 3. 05).
2.031 General. The general corrosion and oxidation resis-
tance of this alloy is superior to 4340; however, coat-
Ings are necessary to protec~ It from atmospheric
exposure. A considerable amount of stress corrosion
data hae been generated using cracked specimens to
determine delayed failure characteristics and using
smooth specimens In conventional stress corrosion
tests. The variety of specimen types. exposure
conditions and product forms used make it dUflcult to
compare the behavior of the various grades of this
alloy nnd to compare it with other high strength steels.
While comparative statements are made, they should be
accepted with caution and for critical applications the
alloy should be evaluated by specially designed stress
corrosion tests which simulate the service environments
and stresses.
The Influence of various fabrication variables such as
grinding, drilling, shot peening, elc. and protective
coating have been studied by Turley, Avery, and
Sinclairo (33) and by Dreyer and Gallagher (21). The
Influence of polarization potential on tho delayed
failure time of canto~ cracked sheet spocimcns of
0.45C grade in 3N NaCl solution was Investigated by
Benjamin and Steigerwald (see Figure 2. 02310).
Falluro times were decreased by increasing tho
applied potential but much more rapidly for ancdic
than for cathodic polarization.
2.032 Cracked specimens. Cracked or sharply notched
specimens of this alloy exhibit delayed fallure when
subjected to stress In the presence of distilled water
or salt water solutions. Tho data from cracked
specimens Is frequently reported in terms of tho
initial applied Kt value nnd that value below which
failure !!! not obeorvoo for ,ery long nxpoAure times
Is designated as tho Ktscc v&uo. "Unfortunat61y, in
mt'st cases the cracked specimens used In ptress
corrosion tests on this al!ny did not meet tlu: crack
length and thickness requ) Mmonts necessary to Insure
that a meaningful K1 value cnn be calculate<' (see
ASTM E399070T). Therefore, the majoritl' of the
representations used In this section show tho nominal
stress plotted al!lllnst failure time tastoad of Ky versus
falluro time. Where K1 values are shown, the scale
stops just below tho upper limit established by tho
initial crack length nnd thickness.
It Is evident that plain water nnd salt solutions can
cause considerable loss In load carrying capacity tn
all grades of this alloy in tlma periods loss than
10"0 hou~s. In the case of plate, the susceptibU!ty to
delayed fallurc appears to be more severe for the 0. 45C
grade than for the lower carbon grades. One series
of tests (Figure 2. 0~28) Indicates that tho delayed
failure of 0. 45C grade baln!Uc forgings In 3 1/2 percent
NaCl solution could be encountered at Kr levels as low
as 20 ksl (ln)1/2. For the o. 20C grade one set of data
(Figure 2.0322) tndicatcs that the Kisco of c.c Inch plate
I vVI I
exposed to ASTM sea water might be around 100 ksl --,:
(in)1/2, However, additional tests or the same kind on Fe !
tho same plate with failure times approaching one year
II
show the Krscc value when established will be well 9 Ni
below 100 ksi (in)1/2 (72).
4 Co
The results for sheet (Figures ~. 0325 and 2. 0329) did
not show any superiority of 0. 25C over 0.45C (bainite)
Cr
when cracked specimens were subjected to 3N NaCl.
These data show that 0. 45C (bainite) at Fty = 213 ksl
Mo
Is less susceptible to delayed falluro in disUlled water
and the salt solution than Is 0. 45C grade quenched and
v
tempered to Fty = 224 ksl. It also appears from the
same data that the salt solution can be more damafki"llg 9Ni-4Co
than the distilled water. One set of data (Figure 2. 032111
Indicates tho Influence of melting practice on the delayed
failure of 0. 45C grade sheet in salt water depends on the
thickness. Thus, vacuum melted 0. 045 inch sheet Is
superior to air melted sheet of the same thickness but no
effect or melting practice is observed for 0. 16 inch
sheet.
The effects of notch radius on the notch strength of 0, 45C
grade sbr:et was modified only slightly by tho Influence of
distilled water and several other corrodants with the
strength values betng reduced most by 1 percent H2S04
and 1 percent NnCL but not nt all by distilled water or
1 percent NaOII (see Figure 2. 03212).
2. 0321 Delayed fallure of 0. 20C grade pinto in sea wntor,
Figure 2. 0321.
2.0322 Delayed allure of 0.20C grade plate tn sea water,
Figure 2. 0322.
2.0323 Delayed failure of 0. 25C grade plato In air and sen water,
Figure 2. 0323.
2. 0324 Delayed falluro of 0.25C and 0.45C grade plate and
4340 plato l'l sea water, Figure 2.0324.
2.0325 Delayed failure of 0.25C grade sheet to salt solution and
in distilled water, Figure 2. 0325.
2.0326 Delayed failure of 0. 45C grade forging in 200F distilled
water, Figure 2. 0326.
2. 0327 Effect of apparent stress Intensity ratio on time to all-
ure in 3.5 percent NaCl of 0.45C die and billet forgings,
Figure 2. 0327.
2. 0328 Effect of the applied stress Intensity factor on cra"k
growth rate in salt water for 0.45C plate. Figure 2.0328.
2.0329 Delayed failure of 0. 45C grade sheet in martensltic nd
bninltic condition in 3N NaCl solution and in distilleci
water, Figure 2. 0:129.
2.03210 Elfcct of polarization potential on d"layed failure t!rn: ol
0.45C grade martensitic sheet In 3N NaCl solution.
Figure ~. 03210.
Deiltyeil !~!lure In 3 percent NaCl solution of 0. 45C
grade sheet melted by throa pr"aeticca, Figure 2. 03211.
2.03212 Effect of stress concentration on the sensitivity of 0. 45C
sheet to several environments, Figure 2. 03212.
2.033 Smooth specimens. The rosulL from stress corrosion
tests using smooth specimens are summarized In Tables
2.0331 and 2.0332. Tho results Indicate 0.46C grade
bnlnito has superior stress corrosion resistance to
quenched and tompored structures of this grade, and
appears to be no more susceptible to stress corrosion
In smooth tests than the 0.25C grade. Tests in tho short
transverfto direction (Table 2.0331) show very much
longer failure Urnes for 0.45C grade( quenched nnd tom-
pered)than !or 4340 tested under similar condition11.
Bulloch, el aL ,(59) report that tho stre3s corrosion
resistance of 0. 45C grade balnltlc smooth speclmenR in
3 .. percent NaCIIs suporlor to DGaC at about the same
strength level (Fty = .220 ksi) but no better than 250
grade maraglng steel at a much higher strength love!
(Fty = 250 ksi). The same authors report tho stress
corrosion resistance of 0. 30C grade at F tv = 200 kat
Is supeno. to 4330V and 11-11 steels at a somewhat
lower strength level. Overheating during forging sub-
stnntiall.Y reducas tho stress corrosion resllltanco (see
Table 2. 0333).
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED= MARCH 1971

2 .0331 Results of stress corrosion tests on 0.45C grade forg-

Fe Ings using smooth specimens, Table 2. 0331.

9 Ni Alloy
-
TABLE 0331
9Ni-4Co
4 Grade 0.45C
Co Source (20) (59) (33)
Cr Landing Gear 3 X 9 X 24in 6 in square Gin square
Forging (Q andT) Forging (bainite) Forging Q and T Forging (bainite)
Form
Mo Ftu = 280 ksi Ftu ~ 270 ksi Ftu ~ 275 ksi Flu= 255-265 ksi
Fty = 220 ksi Fty = 220 ksi Fty = 235 ksi Fty = 220-230 ksi
v Specimen 0.2 in dla 1/4x 1 in 1/8 x 1/2 in 1/8 x 1/2 in
Type ST, tension T, bend T, tension T,tension
9Ni-4Co Exposure O. 75Fty O.HU Fty 0.85 Fty 0.85 Fcy
Stress- ksi
5 percent NnCI 3.5 percent Synthetic sea b'yntnctic sea
Environment NnCI water water
pH 7.8-8.2 pH 7.8-8.2
5 min suit+ 8 min salt+ 10 min salt+ 10 min salt+
Exposure
15 min air 52 min air 50 min air 50 min air
Failures in Failures in Failures in No failures
Results
12 to 163 hr* 1000 to 1500 hr 20 to 177 hr in 1000 hr
Similar test on 4340 at the same stren !:th level failed In less than 30 minutes
3. 0111 AMS-AMD tenlaUvc specUled properties for 0. 20C
grade, Table 3. 0111.
2. 0332 Results of stress corrosion tests on o. 30C plate and
forgings and o. 25C plate using smooth specimens,
Table 2. 0332. TABLE 3 0111
Alloy 9NI-4Co
Grade 0.20C Grade
TABLE 2 0332
(Alloy Source AMD 62CF (47)~ AMD 65CD (48)(b)
9NI-4Co
Form Bars, forgings and Sheet, f)trlp
Grade 0.30 c 0.25C
!SOurce (33) (59, pp. 91,92) tubilljt Wld plate
(21, p. 34)
Plate Q + T 1600-1700 F, 1 hr, AC + 1600-1700 1', 1 hr
3x9x24in Plate QT
Ftu = 220 to 240 ks forging Q + T 1510 to 1540 1 hr (min) AC + 1510 to 1540 F,
Form Ftu = 235 ksi Condition
Fty=210 ksi Q (a) + 990 to 1010 F, 1 hr (min) 0Q or WQ
Ftu = 230 ksi Fcy = 210 ksi
(2 + 2 hr) AC + 990 to 1010 F
Fcy = 195 ksi
12 + 2 hr) AC
jsl>ecimen 1/8 x 1/2 in 1/4x 1 in 1/4 in thick Thickness - in All <0.250 ""'0.250 ""'0.375
Typo T, tension T, bend Boeing U bend Ftu - min - ksl 190 190 190 19()
Exposure F -min-ks!
0. 85 Fcy 0.80 Fty 0. 80 Fty 175 180 180 180
stress- ksi c& In) min - percent 12 5 10 10
Environment Synthetic sea 3.5 percent 3.5 percent RA - min - percent 45 - - 45
water pH 7. 8-8.2 NaCI NaCI Charpy v - min -
Exposure 10 min salt+
50 min nir
8 min salt+
52 min ulr
8 min salt+
52 min nir
ft-lb
(a) Section <4 in 0'~ or WQ
40 - -
(b) Fracture ~oughness may be
-
Results No failures failures in No fniiuros 2:41n OQ specified With method and testing
in 1000 hrs 1000 to 1500 hrs in 1000 hrs to be agreed upon by producer
!!lid vendor.

~- 0333 Effect or overheating during forging on the smooth

specimen stress corrosion resistance of 0. 45C landing 3. 0112 AMS spccUicd propert:es for 0.25C and 0.45C gmdc
gear forging, Table 2. 0333. forgings, bars, tubing, ard rings, Table 3. Oll2.

TABLE 2 0333
Source (20)
Alloy 9Ni-4Co
0.45C Grado (0.38C), CVM (C, doox) TABLE 3 0112
Environment 5 percent NaCI 5 min + air 15 min, Alloy 9NI-4Co
Alternate Immersion Grade 0. 25C {Ill_ 0.45C
Condition 1450F, 1 hr, OQ > 400F, 1 hr + 2 hr Form Forgings, Tubing and Bars, Forgings
-ll2F, + 400F, 2 + 2 hr (Ftu = 280 ksl) lUng~~_ and Tubing
Form Main Landlng uear t'Orglllg Sou reo AMS 6540A (49)
t'orge normal t'orgo overheat AMS 6541A (50)
Appllcd stress - ksl AMS 6546A (85)
0.67 Ftu 0.67 Ftu 1525 to 1575 F 1 hr (min) 1450 to 1500 F, lbr Q to
Specimen typo 0. 2 In dla round 0. 2 in dla round Condition Q (a)+ 1050 F (max) 4 hr 455 to 475F AC + 455 to
Number fallcd 4 4 AC 475F 2 hr AC
Range of time to (allure - hr 23-130 3-25 Ftu - min - ksl 185 260
Fcy - min - ksi 175 220
e (2 in) min-
percent 13 7
RA- min-
percent 50 20
round spec)
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (a) Section <4 In OQ or WQ (b) Fracture toughness may be
;a41n OQ specified with standards to
3.01 Specified Mechanicnl Properties be agreed upon by producer
3. 011 SAE-AMS Specifications. nnd vcndo

COD!" 1??1
 FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

AMS specified properties for 0. 25C grade sheet, strip, 3. 0123 Producers typical properties Cor 0. 25C grade quenched
3.0113
and plate: and AMS-AMD specified properties for 0. 30C and tempered bar and forgings, Table 3.0123. Fe
grade sheet, strip, and plate, Table 3. 0113.
9 Ni
TABLE 3 0123
(16)(17)
4 Co
TABLE 3 0113 Source
9NI-4Co Alloy 9Ni-4Co Cr
Alloy
0.25C (a) I 0.30C (a) Grade 0. 25C, CVM C, dcox
Grade
Form Sheet Strl and Plate Form 2 in bar to 12 in square fontini!B Mo
Condition 1500 or 1550 F, 1 hr, OQ + 1000 F,
Source
AMS 6545A (51)
AMS 6546A (83) AMD 65CE (84) 2 +~I
T
v
1525 to 1575 F, 1 hr (min) 1535 to 1565F, 1 hr Direction L
(min) OQ or WQ + Ftu- ksi 195 195
OQ or WQ + 1050 F (max)
Condition 2 hr (min) AC 990 to 1010F (2 + Fty- ksi 185 185 9Ni-4Co
2 hr) AC e(1 in) - percent 16 16
RA- percent 65 55
0.020 >0.060 >0.100
to to to p0.187 <0.250 ~0.250 Cbarpy V - ftlb
Thickness - ir, 40
0.060 0.100 0.187 RT 40
185 185 200 220 -65F 35 35
Ftu - min - ksi 185 185
175 175 175 175 185 190
Fty - min - ksi
5 8 10 13 6 10
c(2 in) - min - ksl
RA - min - percent 50 50 50 50 - 35
(round specs)
(a) Sec Table 3.0112 for fracture toughness note.
3.0124 Producers typical properties for 0. 30C grade quenched
and tempered and isothermal ly transforme d plate and
forgings, Table 3. 0124.

TABLE 3 0124
Source (19)
3. 012 Producers typical properties . Alloy 9Nl-4Co
3. 0121 Producers guaranteed minimum mechanica l properties Grade 0.30C, CVM (C, deox)
for 0.20C grade plate and billet, Table 3.0121. Condition 1525F, 30 min, Q (as ind) + 1000F, 2 + 2 hr, T
Quench Oil +2 hr-llOF Oil
Form Plate Forging Plate
1to2in 5 in sq lto2ln
' TABLE 3 0121 230
Ftu- ksl 230 230
Source (57, p. 1A)
Fty- ksl 210 205 195
Alloy 9Ni-4Co
c(1 in) - percent 16 15 16
Grade 0.20C, CVM (C, deox) 60
RA- percent 60 55
Condlllon 1600F, 1 hr (min), AC + 1500F, 1 hr
, (min) W~_+ 1025F l2+2 hr) min AC Charpy v- ft lb
mllet RT 28 30 -
Form
Thickness - In <2
T:ato
2to4 <25 sa in -40F - 25 -
Ftu - min, ksl l,95 195 195
Ft -min, k1\ 180 175 180
c {4D)
min, I' recut 14 14 14
55
RA - min, percent 55 55
3. 0125 Producers typical properties for 0. 45C grade quenched
Charpy '' at OF and tempered and Isothermal ly transforme d forgings,
40 50
~!'___ 45
Table 3.0125.
A\'f.ll':ll!f' vnlu"s minimum indlvldunl results 5 ftlbs
(maximui'T.') bolo''' ,!_lVCragc.
TABLE 3 0125
Source (2) (8)(25)(26)
Alloy 9Ni-4Co
Grade U,45 rade I'M 1C-:<Ioox
Form 1 1/2 x 5 to 12 in dla forgings
Tempered martensite 1450- Balnlte 1450-
1500F, OQ + 2 br -100F + 1500F, SQ,
3.0122 Producers typical properties for 0. 25C grade quenched Condition
480F, 6 hr,
temper 2 + 2 hr at
s..nd tempered plate, Table 3, 0122. AC
400F 500F
Direction L T L T L T
TABLE 3 0122 Ftu- ksl 295 295 280 280 270 270
{17) Ft - ksl 250 250 245 245 230 230
Source
9Ni-4Co e(r in) - percent 9 6 10 8 10 10
Alloy
Grade 0.25C CVM C dcox RA- percent 40 20 50 35 55 45
Form 1/2 to 2 1/2 Inch plate (b) Charpy v - t lb
Condition 1500F or 1550F, 1 hr, OQ + 1000k', 2 + 2 hr RT - 20 -- 20 -- 20
Avcragc(a) :;tanaard dcv:laUon
5.0
-65F - - - 20
Ftu- ksl 203
Fty- ksl 191 6.4
c(1 In) - percent 14 1.5
RA- percent 57 5.0 3.02 Mechanica l Properties at Room Temperatu re
Typic a 3.021 Tension.
Charpy V rt-lb (a) L and T for 41 observatio ns 3.0211 Stress-stra in diagrams.
RT L 50 (b) Product of 9 heats 3.02111 Stress-stra in curves for reheat treated 1 Inch thick
T 35 plate, Figure 3.02111.
-65 L 43 3.02112 Stress-stra in curve for 0.45C grade sheet tempered at
T 32 400F, Figure 3. 02112.
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS FitVISED MARCH 1971

3 .0212 Effect of carbon content on tensile pro pert! cs of

forg- 3.02110
Fe ings, Figure 3. 0212. Spread of tensile propert ies as function of temper
ing
3 .0213 Effect of quench media on the tensile propert ies temper ature for 18 !.cats of 0.25C grade forging
of 0. 20C s,
9 Ni grade 2 inch plate, Table 3. 0213. Figure 3.02110 .
3. 02111 Effect of temper ing temper ature on the tensile
proper -
4 Co TABLE 3 0213 ties of 0. 25C grade plate and forging s, Figure
3. 02111.
Source (57. pp. 18, 19, 2"3) 3. 02112 Tensile propert ies of 0. 25C grade 3 Inch thick
plate as
Cr Alloy 9Ni-4C o function of melting practic e and test directio n,
Table
Grade 0.20C Grade CVM c deox 3. 02112.
Mo Form 2 in Plate
v Condition 1700F, 2 hr, AC + 1525F, Quench +
1025~ 4 hr
Quench Media Water (b) Oil (b) Air (c) TABLE 3 02112
9Ni-4 Co Ftu- ksi (a) 194 197 205 Source (13)
Fty- ksi 183 176 172 Alloy 9Nl-4C o
e(4D) - percent 18 17 17 Form 3 in plate (0. 25C Grade)_
RA- percen t 64 65 Conditi on
GG 1500F, 1 hr, OQ + 1060F, 2 + 2 hr
(a) All tests longitu una! Melting practic e Killed Air Killed Air+ CVM CVM (Cdcox )
(b) 0.18C, 0. 75Cr Directio n L T ST L T ST L T ST
(c) 0.17C, 0.77Cr Ftu- ksi 204 202 202 204 204 203 194 194 194
F~- ksi 184 182 182 184 184 184 180 180 179
c( in) - percent 16 14 13 17 17 15 19 17 15
RA- percen t 47 42 35 58 54
3.0214 Effect of temper ing temper ature on reheat treated 50 60 59 53
0.20C grade 1 inch pl:rtc, Figure 3. 0214.
3. 0215 Effect of temper ing temper ature on the tensile
proper-
tics of 0.20C grade 1 inch plate, Figure 3. 0215.
3.0216 Effect of temper ing temper ature on the tensile
proper-
tics of 0.20C grade one haU inch plate, Figure
3. 0216.
3. 0217 Effect of plate thickne ss on the tensile propert
ies of
0.20C grade plate from one heat, Figure 3.0217.
3.0218 Mean values and standar d deviatio ns for tensile 3. 02113 Effect of temper ing tompcr ature on tensllo propert
propert ies of 0. 20C grade plate temper ed nt several ies of
0. 25C grade pinto melted by differen t prnctic cs,
temper atures, Tabla 3. 0218. Figure
3.02113 .
TABLE 3 0218 3.02114 Spread of tensile propert ies as a function of temper
ing
Source (57. p. 26)(58) temper ature for 10 heats of 0.25C grade plate,
Figure
Alloy 9Ni-4C o 3. 02114.
Grade U.20C Grade CVM c dcox 3. 02115 Tensile propert ies for o. 25C grade plato at several
Condition 1550F, 1 hr/in WQ + TCmJ>!_'r 4 hr thickne sses, Table 3. 02115.
Thickn ess - in 1!2 and 1 in 2 in
Temper ing
Tempe rature - F 1000 1025 1050 1000 to 1025
Numbe r tests * 24 8 16 8
Ftu - mean - ksi 208 207 205 201
Ftu - std dev - ksi 6.9 5.5 2.5 6.6
Fty - merut - ksl 185 189 185 185 TABLE 3 02115
Ftv - std dev - ksi 4.2 3.7 2.2 4.7 Source 64, Tables 2 rutd 3)
e(4D) merut-p erccnt 18 17 18 17 Alloy 9Ni-4C o
e(4D) std dcv -
Grade U.25C Grade, CVM (C, d<JOX)
percent 0.7 0.9 O.G 1.5 Form Plate c
RA- mcrut-
Condition (a) 1600F, 1 hr/ln WQ + 1550F, 1 hr/ln, WQ +
percent 66 67 66 GG 1000F 2 hr WQ + IOOOF 2 hr WQ
RA- std dev-
Thickn ess - in 1/2 1
percent 2.6 2.9 2 4
1.5 3.0 Directio n (b) L T L T L
Trrutsv erse tests. T L T ST
Ftu- ksl 192 191 189 189 189 189 191 191 197
Fty- ksl 178 179 177 177 176 175 180 181 184
c(ln) - percen t 18 17 17 17 17 16.5 18 16 14
RA- percent 63 66 62 64 66
3.0219 58 63 56 51
Tensile rutd impact properl les for sevorn llnrge (a) Austcnl tizlng limes 1 hr minimu m and 3 hr
forging s for 4 In plate, Other-
of 0. 20C grade, Table 3. 0219. wise as noted.
(b) 1/4 thlcknc ss post lions except ST.
TABLE 3 0219 (c) Each thlckno ss from a differen t heat.
Source (57, p. 24)
Alloy 9Ni-4C o
Grade 0.20C Grade,C VM, c, dcox
Conditi on 1650F, 1 hr/Jn AC + 1550F, 1 hr/ln WQ +
1000F G hr AC
Form 8 1/2 in din 9 X 0 In 5 x 5 in
x 13 in x 11 in x 16 in
Locatio n* Center Ccntor Ml:l Rad Center
Ftu- ksl 207 195 198 200
Fty- ksi 180 177 181
e(4D)- percen t 180
17 17 17 17
RA- percent 56 68 67 65
Chn.rpy V 3,02116 Effect of temper ing temper ature on the tensile
70F proper -
38 58 56 56 tics of 0.25C grade sheet given several quench
OF
L_All tests transve rse.
- 49 - 56
3. 02117
temper cycles, Flgur" 3. 02116.
Tensile oronnrtft.ur
and
nr ah... c... t. .... ---~--..J ____._
REVISED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

3.02118 Tcnsllc properties of marstralned and tempered shear

spun 0. 25C grade cases, Table 3, 02118. Fe
TABLE 3 02118 9 Ni
Source (62, Table V)
Alloy 9NI-4Co 4 Co
Grade 0. 25C Grade, CVJ\1 (C, Dcox)
Form 6 In diameter shear spun cases (0. 043 to 0. 051 In wall) Cr
!>'hear spin to 0.070 In thick+ 1675F, 1 hr, AC + 1550F, 1 hr OQ + 300F, 1 hr, AC +
Condition Mo
Reduction by spinning + Post temper 1 hr
Reduction - percent
Post temper - F
27
350 None
42
350
45
350 350
55
400 500 v
Direction A c A c A c A c A c A c A c
Ftu- ksl 315 - 305 287 315 302 325 321 328 324 314 305 315 303
9Ni-4Co
Fty- ksl 315 - 298 209 300 296 314 310 328 317 309 298 314 292
c- percent 5.5 - 2 2.5 2.5 4.0 2.0 4.0 2.5 3.7 1.5 2.0 1.0 2.0
A- a.xlal; C- clrcwnferenUal

3.02119 Effect of tempering temperature on tensile properties 3.02711 Sharp notch strength of 0. 25C grade 3 Inch plate melted
of 0.30C grade forgings, Figure 3.02119. by different practices, Table 3. 02711.
3.02120 Effect of tempering temperature on tensile properties of
0. 30C plate heat treated using dUfcrcnt quench proce- TABLE 3 02711
dures, Figure 3. 02120. Source (13)
3.02121 Effect of transformation temperature on the tensile Alloy 9Nl-4Co
properties of bainite forgings from nine heats of 0. 45C Grade 0.25C Grade
grade, Figure 3. 02121. Form 3 In Plate
3. 02122 Effect of tempering temperature on the tensile proper- Condition 1450f', 1 hr, OQ + 2 hr -110~' +
tics of 0.45C landing gear forgings, forged at normal 425F 2 + 2 hr
and excessive temperatures. Figure 3. 02122. Melt Practice Killed Air Killed Air CVJ\1
3. 02123 Effect of tempering temperature on tensile properties + CVJ\1 ltc dcox\
of 0. 45C grade plate Isothermally transformed at Direction L T L T L T
several temperatures, Figure 3. 02123. Fty- ksl 184 183 184 184 180 180
3. 02124 Effect of tcmpcl'ing temperature on the tensile proper- Crack strength - ksl 90 90 132 123 189 175

'""""'. . IDE
tics of 0.45C grade sheet, Figure 3.02124. Crack strcn!l!:h 0.5 0.5 0.72 0.67 1.05 0.97
3. 02125 Effect of lsotherm:Ll transformation temperature on Ftv
tenslle properties of 0.45C grade bainite sheet, Figure
3.02125. Fatigue Cracked Roundl
3. 02126 Effect of tr:msformation temperature on !ensile 3.0 2.3
properties of bainite sheet and plate from three 0.45C _L_!
grade heats, Figure 3. 02126.
3. 02127 EITcct of prctcmper temperature on the tensile proper-
tics of strain tempered martensite for 0.45C grade
strip, l"ibrure 3. 02127.
3. 02128 Tensile properties of strain tempered martcnsltes and 3. 02712 Crack strength of surface cracked specimens from
balnltcs as a function of strain for 0.45C grade strip, plate and forgings of 0. 25C grade, T:wlc 3. 02712.
Figure 3.02128.
3. 02129 Effect of tempering temperature on tensllc properties
of ausformcd 0.45C grade, Figure 3. 02129. TABLE 3 02712
3.022 Compression. Source 8)
3.0221 Stress-strain diagrams (soc 3. 0321). Alloy 9NI-4Co
3. 0222 Effect of tempering temperature on the compressive Grade 0.25C Grode CVM C, dcox)
yield strength of 0. 25C plate, Figure 3. 0222. Condition 1550F,1 hr, 0Q +975F, 2+2hr, AC
3. 0223 Effect of quench media and tempering temperature on + 950F 2 + 2 hr AC
the compressive yield strength of 0.25C plate, Figure 4 In x 13 In forging o. 80 In plate
Form
3. 0223. Fty =188 ksl Fty =183 ksi
3.023 Impact (sec also Table 3. 0219).
'l'hlckness, B-In 1.0 0.80
3. 0231 Effect of tempering tomp~raturc on lmpa.~t utrcngth of
Crack depth, a - In 0.390 0.320
0. 20C grade plate, Figure .1. 0~31.
al!zJZ- In 0.260 0.228
3. 0232 Effect of plate thlckno!ss on Impact strength of 0. 20C
Crack strength - ksl 178 118
grade plate from aJc heat, I lgurc 3.0232.
Effect of tempering tcmpcro1ure on the Impact strength
3. 0233 t-1 1/4..-j i
3.0234
of 0. 25C grade plate from four hcate, Figure 3. 0233,
Effect of tempering lcmpernturr: on the Impact strength
of 0.25C grade forgin;ts from six heats, Figure 3.0234. I
~a
---.- II
3.0235 Effect of tcmperlng tHulP'Hoture on Impact utrcngth of I _I
4
plate from several C. H:~; lo!rnle beats, l'l!;llrc 3.0235. Surface Cracked gpcclmcn, RT direction
3. 0236 Effect of strength level cd on.;:a~t strength of 0. 45C
plate and forb'ings quenched and tempered and Iso-
thermally transformed, !~[{t:rc 3. 0236.
3. 0237 Effect of transformation temperature on Impact &trcngth
of bainite plate and forgingE. h-om six 0.45C grade heats,
Figure 3. 0237.
3.024 Bending. 3. 02713 Effect of crack size on strength of 0. 45C grade forging,
3.025 Torsion and shear (sco 3. C35). Fib'llrc 3.02713.
3.026 Bearing (sec 3. 036). 3. 02714 Effect of tempering temperature on the crack strength
3.027 Stress concentration. of 0.45C b'Tadc sheet from several melting practices,
3. 0271 Notch properties (sec also 3. 0371). Figure 3. 02714.
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MA:~CH 1971

Fe
3. 02715 Crack strengt h of 0.45C grade sheet melted
practic es, Table 3. 02715.
by dlffere nt u
TABLE 3 02715
9 Ni Source
(13)
Alloy
4 Co Grado
9NI-4C o
Form 0.45C Grade
Cr COndiUon
Sheet
1425F, 1 hr, 0Q + 425F, 2 + 2 hr
Melt pracUc e Killed air + ladle degas
Mo Killed air .,. CVM CVM (C, deox)
'Thickn ess - In 0.045 0.160 0.045 0.160 0.045
v OlrecUon 0.160
Fty- ksl
Crack strengt h - ksl
L I T
237
JU3
I166
L L T
232 238 1238
75 77
L I T
234 1235
217 184
L I T
241
7:1
I
~41
77
L I T
228 1237
185 199
L I T
2341 238
9Ni- 4Co 80 78

H-.- i _j_
l...,l.O

Center Crack Tensio n Specim en

3.0271 6 Crack strengt h of surfac e crack specim ens

for 0.45C 3. 03112 Tensil e stress- strain curves at variou s temper
grade sheet melted by differe nt pracUc es,Tab atures
le 3.0271 6. for 0.45C grade forging s with bainlti c heat
TABLE 3 02716 treatm ent,
Figure 3. 03112.
Source (13) 3.0312 Effect of test temper ature on the tensile proper
IAlloy 9NI-4C o ties of
0.20C grade plate, Figure 3.0312 .
Grade 0.45C Grade 3. 0313 Effect of test temper ature on tensile proper
Form ties of
0.100 In sheet, T 0. 25C grade plate and forging s, Figure 3. 0313.
Condition 1450F, 1 nr, OQ + 2 hr -llUF + 425F 2 + 2 3.0314 Effect of test temper ature on tensile proper
hr tJes of
Melt practic e Killed air+ Killed air CVM 0.25C grade sheet, Figure 3.0314 .
ladle degas + CVM (C, deox) 3.0315 Effect of test temper ature on tensile proper
Fty- ksl 239 ties of
241 238 0.30C grade forging s, Figure 3.0315 .
Crack size u/Q 0. 042-0. 046 0.042- 0.046 0.042- 0.046 3.0316 Effect of test temper ature and elevate d temper
Notch strengt h ature
exposu re on tensile proper ties of 0.30C grade
ksl 115 115 plate,
121 Figure 3. 0316.
3. 0317 Effect of test temper ature and elevate d temper

~{
ature
L .25:11J-0 .060- 0.07G exposu re on tensile proper ties of 0.45C grade
forging s,
10.21-0 Figure 3. 0317.
T 3.0318 Effect of test temper ature on tensile proper
ties of 0. 45C
grade fol'boings with bainiti c heat treatm ent, '-~..I
Surface Crack Specim en Figure
3. 0318.
3.0271 7 Crack strengt h of 0. 45C sheet melted by differe 3. 0319 Effect of test temper aturo nnd elevate d temper
nt ature
practlc eF and heat treated to temper ed marten exposu re on tensile proper tllls of 0. 45C grade
site and plate
bainite , Table 3. 02717. from 300 lb heat, Figure 3. 0319.

TABLE 3 02717
Source
Alloy (12)
Grade 9Ni-4CO
Form 0.45C Grade
0.1 to 0.150 in sheet, T
Molt l>ractlc e IGlled Air + CVM
CondJUon CVM (C, deox)
Marten site (a) BainJte (b) Marten site (a)
Tempe r or SQ, F 400 BainJte (b)
450 700 450 475 500 400 450
Ftu- ksi 700 450 475 500
288 279 233 270 271 262 287
Fty- ksi 270 229 265 272 259
251 240 214 212 229 217 240
Cracl: strengt h - ks! 233 214 218 231 216
72 74 84 108 116 112 83
Crack streng! h 85 147 170 162 160
Ftv 0.29 0.31 11.40 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.35 0.37 0.69 0.78 o. 70
(a) 1475F, 1 hr OQ +temp er 2 + 2 hr. 0.74
(b) 1475F, 1 hr SQ 8 hr, AC.

HJEL~
Center Crack Tensio n

3.0271 8 Effect of austem pcring temper ature on crack

strcngtl1 3. 03110 Effect of test temper ature on tensile proper
of 0. 45C grade sheet from two heats, Figure ties of 0. 45C
3.0271 8. grade sheet temper ed at 400 nnd GOOF, Figure
3.0272 Fractu re tnughn ess. 3. 03110.
3. 02721 Effect of temper ing temper ature on plane strain 3.0311 1 Effect of test temper ature on tensile proper
frac- tJes of 0. 45C
ture toughn ess of 0,30C plate nnd forging s, grade sheet, Figure 3. 03111.
Figurll 3.032 Compr ession .
3. 02721.
3.028 Combin ed proper ties. 3. 0321 Stress -strain curves .
3. 03211 Compr essive stress- strain curves at vnriou
s tempe ra-
tures for 0.30C grade forging s, Figure 3.0321
3.0321 2 1,
Compr es5i vc Rtress -strain curves at variou
s tempe ra-
3.03 Mechan icnl Proper ties at Variou s Tempe ratures tures for 0. 45C grade forging s with bain!U
c heat
3.031 Tensio n. treatm ent, Fig-Jre 3.0321 2.
3. 0311 Stress -strain curves . 3.0322 Effect of test temper ature on compr cssl vc
yield strengt h
3. 03111 Tensile stress- strain curves at vnriou s temper of 0. 30C grade forging s. Figure 3. 0322.
atures 3.033 Impact .
for 0.30C grade forging s, Figure 3.0311 1.
3.0331 Impact strengt h at \'ariou s temper atures for
4 Inch

CODE 1221
 REVISED: MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

thick 0. 20C grade plate, Figure 3. 0331. 3.035 Torsion and shear.
3. 0332 EC!ect of test temperature and specimen location on
impact strength of 0. 25C grade 4 inch thiok plate,
3.0351 Effect of test temperature on the shear strength of
0.30C grade forgings, Figure 3.0351.
Fe
Figure 3. 0332. 3. 0352 Effect of test ternperatu:e on the shear strength of 9 Ni
3. 0333 Effect of test temperature on impact strength of 0. 20C 0. 45C grade forgings with balnitic heat treatment,
grade 2 inch plsto quenched in various media, Figure Figure 3. 0352o 4 Co
3. 0333. 3.036 Bearing.
3.0334 Impact strength at various temperatures for 0. 20C grade 3. 0361 Effect of test temperature on bearing strength of Oo 30C Cr
one inch plate quenched and tempered with and without grade forgings, Figure 3. 0361.
prior normalizing, Table 3. 0334. 3.0362 Effect of test temperature on bearing strength of 0. 45C Mo
3.037
grade forgings, Figure 3. 0362.
Stress conaentration. v
3. 0371 Notch properties.
TABLE 3 0334 3. 03711 Effect of test temperature on the notch properties or
Source (57, p. 3) 0. 25C grade sheet, Figure 3. 03711.
9Ni-4Co
Alloy 9Ni-4Co 3.03712 EC!cct of tempering temperature on the crack strength
Grade 0.20C, CVM (C, dCOK) of 0. 38C forging at room and low temperatures o Figure
Form CVM (C, decK) 1 in Plate 3. 03712.
1700F, 1 hr, AC 1500F, 1 hr, WQ 3. 03713 Effect of test temperature and elevated temperature
Condition + 1500F, 1 hr, WQ + lOOOF, 2 + 2 hr exposure on the crack strength of Oo 45C grade
.,. 1000F, 2 + 2 hr forgtngs, Figure 3. 03713 0

Direction L T L T 3. 03714 EC!cct of test temperature on the crack strength of

Charpy v - ft lb 0. 45C grade plate of several thicknesses, Figure
80F 56 55 53 52 3. 03714.
OF 54 54 49 47 3o03717 Effect of test temperature on crack strength of 0. 45C
SOF 45 43 40 40 grade sheet, Figure 3. 03717.
3.03715 EC!ect of tempering temperature on sharp notch strcnb'th
of 0.45C grade sheet at room and low temperature,
Figure 3. 03715
3. 03716 EC!ect of tempering and testing temperature on the
crack strength of Oo 45C grade sheet, Fib'llrc 3.03716.
3. 0372 Fracture toughness.
3. 03721 Influence of test temperature on plane stratn fracture
toughness of 0. 25C grade forged plate, Fi;;.1re 3. 03721.
3.0335 Range of impact strength ns function of temperature 3,038 Combined properties.
,_.' for two heats of 0. 20C grade plate (plate chemistries
very close), Figure 3.0335.
3. 0336 Effect of plate thickness on impact strength of Oo 25C
plate {cnch thickness from a different heat), Figure
3.0336.
3.0337 Effect of test temperature on impact strength of 0. 25C 3.04 Creep and Creep-rupture Properties
grade forgings from six heats, Figure 3 o0337. 3.041 Creep-rupture curves for 0. 20C grade 1/2 inch plute,
3. 0338 EC!cct of temperature on the impact properties of 0. 25C Figure 3. 041.
grade 3 inch plate melted by different practices,
Figure 3.0338.
3. 0339 Effect of test temperature on impact strength of 0. 25C
grade plate tested in several directions, Fhturo 3. 0339o
3.03310 Effect of test temperature on impact strength of 0. 25C
grade plate from six heats, Figure 3. 03310.
3. 03311 Effect '>f test temperature on the impact properties of 3.05 Fatigue Properties
Do 25C grade 3/4 inch plato melted by different prac- 3.051 S-N curves for smooth and notch specimens of 0. 20C
tices, Figure 3. 03311. grade plate, Figure 3. 051.
3. 03312 Effect of tempering temperature and test temperature 3.052 Fatigue crack growth rate of 0. 20C grade plate in air
on impact strength of 0. 30C grade plate heat treated and sen water, Figure 3. 052 0

using different quench procedures, Figure 3o 03312. 3.053 Fatigue crack growth rate of 0. 25C grade plate In air
3.03313 Effect of test temperature on the impact strength of and sen water, Figure 3.053.
Oo45C grade plate from two heats, Figure 3o03313.
J.034 Drop weight o
3. 0341 Effect of temperature on dynamic tear test energy of
Oo20C grade cross rolled plate, Figure 3.0341.
3.0342 Dynamic tear test energy at 30F for 0. 25C grade plate
from several heats, Table 3 0342.
0

TABLE 3 0342
Source {61, p, 7)(66)(68)
IAlloy 9Ni-4Co
Grade Oo25C Grade, CVM (C, dcox)
Form linch plate 2 Inch pate
1600F, 1 hr, AC+ 1600F, 1 hr, AC + lGOOF, 1 hr, AC + 1600F, 1 hr, AC +
lSOOF, 1 hr, WQ+ 1500F, 1 hr, WQ+ 1500 F, 1 hr, WQ 1500F, 1 hr, \\Q
Condition 1000 F {2+2 hr) 1000 F {2+2 hr) + + 1000 F (2+2 hr) + 1000F {2 + 2 hr)
llOOF (2 + 2 hr) + llOOF {2+2 hr) + 1500F, 1 hr, OQ
1000F {1 + 1 hr)
RT Ftv- ksi 180 169 176 186
1DT Energy- 1t IDS l~. 1692 2021> . 211>: 1280
at 30F and 1996 and 2186
WR direction (3 heats) (2 heats) ( 1 heat) (1 heat)
For specimen, see Figure 3. 0341.
 I L-1\1\VV...J 1"'"\L-L..V I 'J l'<t. VJ:::it.IJ MARCH 1971

3.054 Rotating beam fatigue strength of 0. 25C grade 1 inch 3.059 Smooth and note!' fatigue strength of 0.30C grade
Fe plate. Table 3. 054. forgings, Table 3. 059.

9 Ni
4 Co
Cr TABLE 3.054
Source (75, Fig. lG)
Mo Alloy 9N!-4Co
v Grade
Form
0.25C Grade, CVM (C, deox)
1 in plate Source
TABLE 3 059
(59, p. 80 and 137)
Condition 1700F, 1 hr, AC + 1525F, I hr OQ + lOOOF Alloy 9NI-4Co
(2 + 2 hr) AC (Ftu = 235 ksi) Grade 0,30C Grade, CVl\1 C, dcox)
9Ni-4Co Fonn
Stress Ratio Stress Fntigue Strength - ksi 3 x 9 x 24 inch forging (3 heats)
Method Conccntr-.1- at cycles Condition 1650F, 1 hr, AC + 1550F 1 hr + 2 hr -100F + 950F (2+2 hr)
A R lion Jo5 I 106 I 101 I 108 (r'ty = 191 to 205 ksi)
Rotating Beam <D -1 Smooth Stress Ratio Stress Fatigue strength - ksi at cycles
Kt = 1 (140)"1125 1122 1122 Metho<l A R Cone 30x103 J04 JOfi 106 J07
* Extrapolated value. Flexure Flat spec
'!' ,ij9 .06 with hole -
120 70 60 60
Kt = 2.5
cynnnrr-
cal spec
.43 .40 Kt= 3 1GO 120 70 62 62
.89 ,06 130 85 60 55 55

3.055 Fatigue crack propagation rate as function of stress

Intensity range for 0.25C grade plate, Figure 3.055.
3.056 Fatigue crack growth rate for 0. 25C grade plate In nlr
and salt solution, Figure 3. 056.
3.057 S-N curves for sm0oth and notch specimens of 1/2 Inch
plate, Figure 3. 057.
3.058 Smooth and notch fatigue strength for o. 25C grade
l/4lnch plato, Table 3.058.

TABLE 3 058
Source (75, Figs 8 and 10)
Alloy 9Ni-4Co
Grade 0.2SC Grade
Form 1/4 Inch plate
Condition !GOOF, 1 hr ACt 1525 F, 1 hr 0Q + 1025F (2 + 2 hr) AC Ftu "'200 ksl
Stress ralio Stress RT 500 and 700 F
Method A R D!roclion Concentration Fati~rue strcnEih- ksi at cvclcs
103 104 lOS 106 107
Axial Load 0.82 0.1 Transverse Smooth
Kt = 1 215 195 155 145 145
Notched
Kt = 3 180 95 GO 55 55
Strength at these temperatures identical within limits of scatter.

3. 0510 Smooth and notched fatigue strength of 0, 45C grade

landing gear forgings, Table 3.0510.

TABLE 3 0510
Source (20)
Alloy 9Nl-1Co
Grado (0. 45Grade, CVI\1 (C, <!cox)
Form Landing gear forging (0.37-0,39C)
t:ondltion 1450F, 1 hr, OQ + 400F, 1 hr + 2 hr -112F + 450F,
2 h~ IFtn = 268 ksl)
Stress Ratio Stress Fatigue strength - ksl
Method Cone Direction at cycles
A R 104 I 1os 106 107
Axial load 0.8 0.1 Smooth
Kt=l
L
T
-! 200 160
- 1 180 135
135
130 )
Notch L 160 1120 95 90 \
Kt=2 T 160 95 80 78

CODE 1221
 3.0511 Smooth and notch fatigue strength of quenched and
tempered and Isothermally transformed 0. 45C plate Fe
and forging, Table 3.0511.
TABLE3 0511 9 Ni
Alloy 9NI-4Co
Grade 0.45C Grade, CVM (C, deox) 4 Co
Stress ratio Stress Fatigue strengtll - ksl at cycles
Form Condition Method A R Concentration 104 105 106 107 Cr
lin plate Tempered martensite Rotating Smooth
T 1475F, 1 hr 0Q + 500F, Beam CD -1 Kt = 1 - 150 120 90 Mo
(23) 2 + 2 hr Ftu = 265 ksl Notched
~-=3 95 60 50 50
v
Bainite
1475.~, 1 hr, Salt Q 9Ni-4Co
47.5 F, 6 hr Flu ~ 264ksl Rotating (D -1 Smooth
Beam Kt. =1 - 150 120 90
Notched
K, = 3 95 60 50 50
41nx91n Balnlte
Forging 1500F, 1 hr Salt Q Axial 0.8 0.1 Notched
T 475F, 8 hr, AC Load "t =3 120 95 90 90
(24) Ftu = 265 ksl
41nx91n Balnlte
Forging 1450F, 1 hr Salt Q Rotating CD -1 Smooth
T 475F 8 hr, AC Beam Kt =1 - - 1~0 105
(75) Ftu = 269 ksl

TABLE 3 0512
Source _159, pp. 81 and 83)
Alloy 9NI-4Co
Grade 0.45C, CVM (C, deox)
Form 3 x 9 x 24 In Forging and Die Forging
3. 0512 Notch fatigue strength for forged billet and die forging
J. Condition 1600F, 1 hr AC + 1500F, 1 hr SQ 465F, 6 hr AC
of 0.45C grade bainite, Table 3.0512.

!
i
Method Stress
Ratio
(Fty = 217 and 220 ksl)
Stress
Concentration
Fatigue strength-ksl at cycles
f
r. A R 3 X 103 104 105 106 107
~ Flexure .89 .06 Flat Specimen
Avg L with hole
t. and ST Kt = 2.5 160 120 70 65 65
I' Cylindrical

t specimen
.40 Kt=3 160 120 80 70 65

t1
.06 130 95 60 55
Data Is average for forged billet and die forging each from
55

i Smooth and notched fatigue strength of quenched and

separate heat.
i: 3. 0513
i tempered and austempered 0.45C grade forgings, Table
i' 3. 0513.

! Source
TABLE 3 0513
(27)
f Alloy 9NI-4Co

i Form
Method
6 x 6 in forgings CVM (C, dcox) 0. 45C grade
Axial Load
f.I. Condition
stress Stress
Concen- Direction
Fatigue strength - ksl at cycles
Ratio 104 105 106 107
R tration
Heat A (0. 41C)
1500F, 1 hr, 0Q + 2 hr -llOF
-+0. 2 ~=1 L
T
-
-
185
148
178
135
178
130
+450F, 2 + 2 hr, Ftu = 283 ksl -1 L
T
-- 130
120
128
110
115
105
-+0. 2 Kt =3 L
T
-- 70
70
65
65
65
65
-1 L 70 50 45 40
T 70 50 15 40
Heat B (0. 44C) -+0.2 Kt =1 L
T
225
225
200
200
180
180
--
1500F, 1 hr, OQ + 2 hr -llOF
+,400F, 2 + 2 hr, Ftu =301 kal -1 L - 145 120 100
T - 145 120 100
-+0.2 Kt. =3 L 105 80 75 70
T 105 70 60 50
-1 L 70 50 45 40
T 70 50 45 40
Heat! 1500F, 1 hr, SQ 480F, -+0. 2 Kt = 1 T 200 175 160 155
G hr, Ftu = 248 ksl Kt =3 T 140 90 90 90
Heat K 1500F, 1 hr, SQ 480F, -+0. 2 Kt a 1 T 210 145 130 130
=
6 hr, Ftu 258 ksl Kt = 3 T 120 65 60 ~0

CODE 1221
I 1971, Belfour Stulen, inc.
PAGE II
 3. 0514 Smooth and notch fatigue strength of 0 .45C grade L
Fe bainitic plate, Table 3. 0514.
TABLE 3 0514
9 Ni Source (76, IV 29 and 31) (75, Fig. 48)
Alloy 9Ni-4Co
4 Co Grade 0.45C, CVM (C, deox)
Form Plate
Cr Condition Bainite, 1600F, 1 hr, AC + 1475F 1 br SQ 475F, 7 br, AC; Ftu = 270 ksi
Stress ratio Stress RT 300F and 500F
Mo Method A R Direction Concentration Fatigue strength - ksi at cycles
v 103 104 105 106 107
Axial load 0.82 !!.1 Transverse Smooth
9Ni-4Co Kt = 1 - 210 125 115 115
Notched
Kt = 3 190 100 60 50 50
3.0515 Smooth and notch fatigue strength of 0.45C grade plate,
Table 3. 0515.
TABLE 3 0515 the above references and the reader should :-efer to
Source (75, Figs. 34, 35, 36, and 38) these and to the alloy producer for informatf.on concern-
Alloy 9Ni-4Co Ing a particular forming problem. In general, hot
Grade 0.45C Grade, CVM C, deox working will be somewhat more difficult than 4340 due
Form 1/2 irtch plate to the high Co content. The absence of aluminum in
Method Rotating Beam R =-1 Smooth Kt =1 carbon deoxidized material will result In rapid grain
Condition Heat Ftu Direction Estimated Endur- growth at temperatures above about 2050F.
ksi ance Llmit-ksi 4. 012 Sheet. Variations In sheet bar rolling temperature be-
1600F, 1 hr AC + 1450F tween 1850 and 2050F and variation in sheet rolling
1 hr OQ + 600 F (2 + 2 hr) A 237 T 120 temperature between 1400 and 1600F produced no signi-
L 105 ficant difference In the tensile properties or fracture
B 245 T 100 toughness (net strength of three Inch wide, 0.160 inch
1600F, 1 hr AC + 1450F thick specimens with one Inch center fatigue cracks of
1 hr OQ + 400F (2 + 2 hr) A 288 L - 0. 45C carbon grade sheet, oil quenched and tempered nt
T 110 400F to Ftu = 280 to 290 and Fty = 235 to 245 ksl). Pro-
B 280 T 100 ducer recommends 1850F for sheet bar and 1500F for
sheet rolling (12). lnslgniCicant dlfCerences In trans-
3.06 Elastic properties. verse and longitudinal tensile properties and fracture
3.061 Poisson's ratio."( = 0.299 (dynamic at room tempera- toughness (sec above) of 0. 45C grade were observed for
ture). sheet rolled straight away. Cross rolling to transverse
3.062 Modulus or elasticity. reductions up to 50 percent produced essentially no
3.0621 Effect of tempering temperature on modulus of elnsti- change in either the longitudinal or transverse proper-
city, Figure 3. 0621. ties, ns compared with the straight rolled product.
3.06~2 Effect of temperature on Young's Modulus (dynamic), 4.013 Pinto. Variations in pinto rolling temperature between
Figure 3. 0622. 1850 and 2050F fer 0. 25C grade produced no significant
3.0623 Precision tensile modull at room temperature (accord- difference In wnsile properties or fracture toughnOHS or
Ing to ASTM E-111), Table 3.0623. 3/8 inch plate (11).
TABLE 3 0623 4.014 Forging. Forging reductions between 25 and 75 percent
Source (59, p. 124) .had no signlflcant effect on tens!lo properties or -65F
Alloy 9Nl-4Co Charpy-V Impact strength or 0.25C or 0.45C grades.
Grade o.3oc, CVM (C, deox) 0.45C, CVM (C, d~'<>X) Forging preheat temperatures should not exceed 2050F.
~orm ~ x u x ~" n org~'<l uu1 et Excessive preheat temperatures produce exces13lve
1650F, 1 hr AC + 1550F, 1650F, 1 hr AC + 1500F, grain growth In C deoxidized matorinl and reduced
Condition 1hr0Q+2hr-100F+ 1 hr SQ 465F, 6 hr AC mechanical properties (sec Figure 3. 02122).
950F (2 + 2 hr)
Direction L T L T Finish forging temperatures above 1950F resulted In
Stress 25 75 26.8 80.2 24.1 72.3 25.6 76.7 lowered reduction of area values In CVM melted 0. 45C
Interval -ksi to to to to to to to to grade. Air melted material exhibited continuously de-
123.1 123 131.6 131.6 118.6 118.6 128.5 125.8 creasing reduction of area values ns the finish forging
E- 1000 ksl temperature Increased between 1750 and 2000F (11).
Chord Modu- 28.06 27.71 28.48 28.08 28.13 28.01 28.16 27.66 Prod1cer recommends 75 percent reduction minimum
Ius and 1900 to 1950F maximum finish lor 0.25 and 0.45C
CVM (C, deox) gra.ies (11).
3.0624 Effect of temperature on modulus of elasticity in tension 4. 0141 Effect or flnl-..b forging temperature on tPnslle proper-
and compression for 0.30C grade forgings, Figure ties or 0. 25C gr.>-:1\e forgings, melted by different
3.0624.. practices. Flgu? , ('\41.
3.063 Modulus or rigidity, 10,900 ksi (dynamic). 4. 0142 Effect of forging r>;,~.ction on -65F transverse impact
strength or tempered m(lrtenslte and bainite or o. 45C
grndo, melted by different pr:lf.tlces, Figure 4.0142.
4. FABillCATION 4. 0143 Effect of forging temperature ort '!.ensile proper-
ties of 0.45C grade forgings, rnelted by different prac-
4.01 ~mab!Uty tices, Figure 4. 0143.
4.011 General. A considerable amount of data concerning the 4. 0144 Effect of forging reduction on trnn11ver~o !mpact strength
influence of hot working conditions on the mechanical of 0. 25C forgings melted by different practices, Figure
properties of plate and forgings is available In Republic 4. 0144.
Steel Cnrporation reports originating from Air Force
Contract AF 33(657)11277 (see references 1,2,11.12, 4.02 Machining and Grinding
and 13). This information is summarized In reference 4.021 General. Similar to 4340. Machinability l.l!lta center
86. This section can only briefly discuss the large may have more extensive data.
amount of information on for:nnblllty that Is available In 4.03 Welding

CODE 1221
II' 1971. Belfour Stulen. Inc.
 General. All grades arc weldable and on the basis of
4. 031
Information available the cold wl~e GTA process with
argon shielding Is preferred. Care should be taken to
keep oxide away from the weld area and adjacent sur-
faces by suitable lnlerpass cleaning methods, because
the carbon deoxidized parent metal has Insufficient Si to
block carbon oxidallon and consequent weld porosity.
High heat input welding processes should be avoided
since they can result in low tensile strength welds having
reduced toughness as well as an Increased tendency to
porosity and cracking. Normal precautions should be
taken to avoid hydrogen embrllllemenl . Post weld
stress relief requires the use of special composlllon
filler wire to avoid weld metal embrilllement . Specific
welding Information Is given below under the various
alloy grades. It will be noted that the bulk of this Infor-
mation applies to the low carbon grades.
4.032 0.20 and1l.25C grade GTA plate welds. A range of GTA
weld wire compositions have been used to produce
successful cold wire GTA welds In heal treated plates of
the two low carbon grades. Some of these compositions
arc listed In Table 4. 038. All of them produced weld
metal free from porosity and with tensile yield strengths
about equal to the heal treated parent metal plate 11ou to
190 ksl). However. the toughness of the weld metal
Increased with a decrease In c:trbcn content of the filler
metal. The alley producer recommends the following
filler wire composition for welds not requiring stress
relief: 0.14-0.20C, 0.4f.-1.0Mo, 0.20-0,40SI,
0.40-0. 75Mn, 7.25-10. OON! and 0.40-1. OCr with
other elements within the parent metal composition
range (81). If stress relief Is required, the special
wire compnslllon given In Table 4. 039 Is recommended
to avoid weld metal embrltllement . Welds produced by
the cold wire GTA proce8s using these recommended
fillers wlil give weld metal yield strengths In excess of
180 ks! and Charpy-V impact values essentially equal
to the heallrualed parent metal (1'. g. compare Table
4.039 with Table 3.0218 and wit" Figure 3.0335 and
Table 4.0310 with Table 3.0122 .. :nd with Figures
3.0333 and 3.03310). No preheat l.lr post heat is
recommended and the maximum lntcrpass temperature
should be 200 F. With the cold wire GTA process the
tensile and Impact properties of 0. 25C grade 2.1/4 Inch
plate welds were independent of heal Input between 30
and 70 kilojoules per inch(43). However, hot wire GTA
welds In 0. 20C grade plate were reported to have
relatively low strength and (!harpy Impact values (see
Table i.0311).
Subscale (1/2 Inch walllhlcl<ness X 18 Inch 00) rocket
motor cases were successfully fabricated and GTA
welded from 0.25C grade plate (74). Unflawed vessels
burst at stresses about 5 percent above the weld meL~!
tensile strength. The behavior of similar vessels with
lnlenllonally Introduced flaws Is given In Table 4. 0312
which shows that a very large flaw in the weld can re-
duce the burst stress to a value below the yield strength.
The results of these burst tests indicate a high KJc
value for the weldments. However, no valid KJc data
has been reported for welds In the low carbon grades.
4.033 0.25C grade GTA light plate and sheet welds. Welds
made In 1/4 Inch plate using essentially the same weld-
Ing techniques described In 4, 032 and the filler D shown
In Table 4. 038 Indicated that water cooled chill bars
arc necessary to obtain 95 percent tensile strength joint
, ~
efficiency (38). Fracture toughness tests using surface
"'1 cracked specimens indicate the crack strength of the
~....... weld metal In these 1/4 !ncb plates was below that of
the parent metal (38).
l 1971, Belfour Stu! en, Inc.
Welds In 0. 090 !ncb thick sheet made with energy
inputs of about 12 1-.llojoulcs per Inch per pass at 10 to Fe
15 Inches per minute gave slight porosity but 100 per-
cent tensile strength joint efficiency (38). The 9 Ni
fracture toughness data for these sheet welds obtained
using center cracked specimens Is difficult to Interpret 4 Co
but does not Indicate any significant cmbritllemenl In
either the weld metal or the HA Z. Cr
Mo
v _,
L __
4.034 0. 25C grade GMA and other processes. Only limltec.'
data Is available on proceHses other than GTA "-'''" ~11 9Ni-4Co
of them require uddlllonal Investigation to establish
proper welding parameters. GM.. welds In plate show
considerable more porosity thar. GTA welds arc are more
prone to cracking (44). 1mprovcments In soundness may
be obtained with Tl or AI modified filler wire: however.
the weld metal exhibits rather low reduction of Oll'-:>a
values In a tensile test and a tensile strength joint effi-
ciency less than 95 percent (38).
There are good Indications that sound single pass elec-
tron beam welds can be made on one Inch plate. llowcveJ:
this welding method apparently offers uo advantage over
the GTA process. Two pass electron beam welds were
not successful because of porosity nt high welding speeds
and cold shuts at low welding speeds (36). Preliminary
attempts at plasma arc welding of plate were unsuccess-
ful (36).
4.035 0. 30 and 0. 45C grades. These are normally used In
forgings where welding Is not an Important design con-
sideration. Like 4340, they should be wcidcd In the
annealed or the normalized condition using a preheat of
400 to 500F and completely reheat treated after welding.
There Is only a small amount of data relating to the
welding of these grades. It has been reported that 0.45C
grade sheet or plate GTA welded using wire of the parent
metal com;.o:-slllon has a tcnoile strength joint efficiency
of 95 percent or better (23) (31).
4.036 Weld cmbrltllemcnt . Simulated weld thermal cycle
studies to Investigate HA Z cmbrlttlement (see Figures
4. 0313 and 4. Oa14) show that in a peak temperature
region between about 1300 and 2400F the hardness Is
substantially Increased and the Charpy-V Impact values
are reduced by a factor of nearly tw" when compared to
those of the "parent" plate. Post weld heal treatment
(950 or lOOOF for 5 hours) reduced the hardness to about
that of the parent plate. However, the lmpct values
were not completely restored by the heat treatment.
4.037 Weld metal stress corrosion. Plate wcldments exhibit
delayed allure when fatigue cracked (at weld center)
and subjected to sea water (sec Figures 4. 0315 and
4.0316). As might be expected for steels of this class,
substantial loss In strength Is observed and the weld
metal is more susceptible than the parent plate (e.g.
compare Figure 4. 0316 with Figure 2.0323). The
available data Is not considered surnclent to establish
a KJscc value.
CODE 1221
1'2
 4.038 Filler wire composition~ used In GTA welds of the low
Fe carbon grades by various Investigators, Table 4. 038.

9 Ni TABLE4 038
Alloy 9NI-4Co
4 Co Grade 0.25C unless oth.,,wise Indicated
Form Filler Source Wire Composition (a)
Cr 11nnnd21n A (57) c Mn Sl Mo Cr Nl Co v
plate (81){b) .16 .7!J .23 .93 .45 7.3 3.3 .09
Mo 1 In plate B (43) .17 .74 .35 .96 .55 7.25 3.25 .09
v 3/4in plate
-
---
(big TIG) (40) .24 .48 .31 .52 .so -
3/4 and 1 In plate 144i .23 .39 .28 1.0 1.81 - -
9Ni-4Co 1L2in plate
1/4and 0.090 In
c 74 .22 .30 .26 1.02 .99 - -
sheet D (38) .26 .40 .23 .52 .55 -
(a) ElcmcnLB not specified are within parent motu! composition limits (I. 04).
- -
{b) 0.20C Grade.

4.0311 Tensile and Impact properties produced by cold and by

the hot wire GTA processes In 0. 20C grade plate. Table
4. 0311.

4.039 Effect of stress relief on weld metul deposited using

regular and speciul filler wire, Table 4. 039.

TABLE 4 0311
!Source (73, Tables 3 and B, Fig. 1)
TABLE 4 039 'llloy 9NI-4Co
Source (83, Fig. 8 and Fig. 17) Grade 0. 20C Grade, CVM C, decx
Form 1 In plate Form Plate
Weld GTA U groove 300-350 amp, 10-12V 200F max lntcrpass Con dillon 1650 F 1 hr/ln WQ + 1550 F 1 hr/ln WQ + 1000 F
Sec Table 4. 038 .15C, .41Mn, .20SI, .008P (2+2br WQ
Filler Filler A .OOSS, 10.10Ni, 3.7Co, Hot wire
Composition .003P and .0058 1.04Cr, .47Mo and .07V GTAWdd~ Cold wire 200 amps, 15 volts
(81) Conditio"~ YoP a np11, 15 volts 1950 watts hot wire
Stress Re ie
Fty- ksl
None
180 to
1000F,24 hr
-
None
180 to
1000F, 24 hr
185 to
!;=-::-=--:, .--+--- :31 lblper ~~-~~~r, Sibs perhr
s .,..-..:l~n--f--:::::r.-
t.;Th;:';':lc=:kn.:;:::e;::s7 .. . 1
205 190 200 oint Design 30' ~ 300
E Charpy V 56 to 12 to 58 lc 57 to ~--;-:-:----+..:s::;l::;n~gl:.:e;...:\J.. . double t1 single U
(30F) fl-lbs 68 25 70 7S Ft11 - ksl 214 211 198
~-~ w w1 m
e- 21n percent 18 17 6
RA - percent 59 GO 14
Chnrpy v- OF
ft-lbs 50 49 24
&?eclmcn Locations
. 505 Inch diameter
4. 0310 Typical !ansllo and Impact properties obtulned for GTA smooth
weld molal In low carbon grade plates, Table 4. 0310.

Source
TABLE 4 0310
81)(57, Table 15)(43, Table 2
\l 1
~
Vw
\ I 1 IT
1
11s
!~ Chnrpy v
Alloy 9NI-4Co
Grade 0.20C T 0.25C
I '
)f(fs
Form

~! )
Plato
GTA, 062 In dia Flller A(a) GTA, .045 India
U joint weld 300-350 amps, 10-12 volts, 20- Filler B(a) argon
conditions ~0 lpm wire feed, 5-10 lpm shield, 200 F max
travel, argon shield, 200F max lnterpus ( 11.[/ II \1
lnterpus (57)(81) (43)
Thickness - In 1 2 1
TcmptJrature- r' 70 30 -so 70 -80 70 30 -so 1/16lnch diameter wire 0.1GC, 0.73 Mn, 0.258!, 0.002N ,
Ftu- ksl (b) 211 -
-
- 209 209 211 -
-
-
2
<1 ppm H2 , 200 F maximum, preheat and lnterpnss 75 percent
Fty- ksl 203 - 200 203 203 - He + 25 percent A shield.
e(1 ln)pcrecnt 20 - - 1S 19 20 - -
RA- percent 65 - - 58 62 65 - -
IE Charpy-V
!t-lbs 64 63 55 59 58 64 63 55
(a) See Table 4. 038.
(b) All weld metul properties. Smooth specimens In weld dlr<'Ctlon.
Charpy specimen location. See Table 4.0311 (1 In plate).

CODE 1221
e 1971, Be!four Btulen, Inc.
PAGE 14
 Burst stress of subscale motor cases cont.o.inln~J flaws in 65
4.0312
the liAZ or r.t the weld center. Table 4.0312. Fe
0.42C
TABLE 4 0312
(74)
g AUSTEN1T1ZE 1460 TO 1550F. OQ 9 Ni
Source I
Alloy 9NI-4Co tiJ GO 4 Co
Grade
Form
CVM (C, deox) 0.25C Grade
18 in OD x o. 5 inch wall cylinders With
"';z;t.l Cr
hcmispherienl heads
Condition 1500F. l hr OQ + 975F (2 + 2 hr) AC +Weld+ :2 Mo
950F 2 hr, AC
Double u joint 275 amps, 2.5 to 10v, 20 In per min
55
0 ~) 4J 60 80 100 120 v
GTA Weld wtre feed, He shield wire composition (sec Table A\;i>TLN1'i1ZING TIME - MINUTES
Conditions 4 .038 Filler C) Weld Ftu = 202 kRl; Fty = 180 ksl
9Ni-4Co
Flaw size and O.'Zlln deep x 0.63 in o. 40 In deep x !. 00 In
flv, 1. ()(l1 EFFECT OF AUSTE!I.'ITIZING TIME ON HARDNESS r.T
location long; HAZ long weld with long; Long weld center- 0. 42 CARBON LEVEL. (31
0.040 In mismatch llne
Hydrotcst 8040 pslg l min +
h!slory 7300 JlSig 5 min + 7400 pslg burst
9840 pslg burst
Burst stress
- ksi 207 126

4. 0313 Impact energy and hardness as a function o[ peak temp-

eratura produced by simulated welding cycle (0. 25C,
1/2ineh plal.c, 47,000 joules per Inch), Figure 4.0313.
4. 0314 Impact energy and hardness as a (unction o[ peak temp-
erature produced by simulated welding cycle (0. 20 C,
1/2inch plate, 47,000 joules per Inch), Figure 4.0314.
4. 0315 Delayed allure o 0.20C grade plate GTA weld In sea
water. Figure 4. 0315.
4.0316 Delayed fallure of 0. 25C grade plato GTA weld In air
and sea water. Figure 4. 0316.

4.04 Heat Treatment

Heavy sections should be preheated at 1200F, 1 hour
minimum before austenitlzlng or hot working. Refriger-
ation when requl red should follow austenltlzlng as soon
as possible and may be carried out ut any temperature
below -100F (see 1.055) (3).

4. 05 Surface Treatment
Scale formed during hot working Is dense and tough with
decarburlzatlon deeper than observed for 4340 (21.
Otherwise similar to 4340.

4GL8J~~
0 12 16
~~~
20
~~
4 24
DISTANCE FROM QUENCIIED END -SIXTEENTHS

FIG. 1.062 END qUENCII IIARDENABII.ITY FOR 0. 25 AND 0.45C GRADES,

(161(1 8)

CODE 1221
(!) 1971, Bclfour Stulen, Inc.
PAGE 15
reuH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1971

62r-----.------.-----.------.-----.-----.-----~-----,

9Ni-4Co
Fe 1500 TO 1550F, WQ

9 Ni
4 Co
Cr
Mo
v
60~----~----~------~----~----~------~----~----~
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
9Ni-4Co DISTANCE FROM QUENCHED END -SIXTEENTHS

FIG. 1.063 END QUENCH HARDENABILITY FOR 0.30C GRADE. (19)

u 48
1>:

!ll
fil
z0 44
1>:
iZ
40
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
DISTANCE FROM QUENCHED END -SIXTEENTHS

FIG. 1. 064 END QUENCH HArmENABILITY FOR 0. 20C GRADE. (57 .p.21)

9Nl-4Co
1500F, 1/2 HR, OQ + 2 HR
-120F +TEMPER 2 + 2HR

30
400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE - F

FIG. 1. 065 EFFECT OF TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE

ON HARDNESS AT TWO CARBON LEVELS.
(3)(5)(12)
 REVISED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

l.J
. ) 70 v
9Ni-4Co l >I !
400
9Ni-1Co I
0. 20C GRADE CVM (C, deox)
I
Fe
0.25C GRADE CVM (C, deox)
1 IN PLATE
2IN PLATE
I-1550F, WQ + l~OOF. 2 + 2 HR
9 Ni
60 - 1600F, 2 IIR WQ + 1550F. 2 IIR WQ - 360
FTY = 194 KSI
-
()
+ lOOOF, 2 HR WQ
c I 4 Co
= '"'\,
-
c SEA WATEH
Cr
~ 40 0 AIR
~ 320 NO FAILURE IN -

~
z 6 MONS
Mo
RC HA~DNESS
:2 v
30
AS
Q
-'\, 400 600

TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F
800 1000 1200 !il
:.:
~
~

...=
280

240
~
~

- 9Ni-4Co

FIG. 1.066 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON

"'z :---- r----
HARDNESS OF 0.25C GRADE PLATE. (64. Table 6)
0
!=:
--::
IJ~)
() 200
~

"'...
I
1000 . 88 --.-- B =.88 IN

9NI-4to
0.20C GRADE
.l I ~
z
160
Ac1 = 1180F Ac3 = 1380F CANTILEVER BEND SPECIMEN
800 ~LOWING iEA WATiR
A
120
Ms\ 400 800 1200 1600 2000
600
/ A+F+C 0
TIME TO FAILURE - HOURS

FIG. 2.032I m:LAYED FAILURE OF 0.20C GRADE PLATE

INSEAWATER. (56,Fig.22)
400
10 102 103
TIME - SECONDS

FIG. 2. 01211 TENTATIVE TIME-TEMPERATURE TRANSFOR-

MATION DIAGRAM FOR 0.20C GRADE. (81)

~so
280 ~9N~i--4_C_oo------r-----.------r-----, 9Ni-4Co
0.045 IN SHEET
1/2 IN PLATE 0.45C GRADE
IMMERSION IN FLOWING Sl:!A WATER
240 1425F, 1 HR, 0Q
APPARENT ALLOY +425F, 2+211R
240

0 4340 FTY"" 235 KSI

}._-
.. !:; 0.25C GRADE, 9NI-4Co
0. 4.5C GRADE, 9NI-4Co 200
0 tL--
\=+3 1$7

- - - CENTER CRACK
~ n TENSION

~')
~

~~
160

~
4
~
~
120 EDGE CRACKED
t = 1/2 ....... --
CANTILEVER BEND
d BROKE ON LOADING

80 ..

THICK, IN
.. -
0.045 0.160 -
..
40
0
6
KILLED AlR + LADLE DEGAS
KILLED AlR + CVM
0 C\'M (C, dcox)
0 _l
0 0.5 01.0 1.5 2.0
140 160 180 220 EXPOSURE TU~l:! - HOURS
FTY- KSI
FIG. 2.03211 DELAYED FAILURE IN 3 PERCENT NaCI
FIG. 2.0324 DELAYED FAILURE OF 0.25C AND 0.45C SOLUTION OF 0. 45C GRADE SHEET MELTED
GRADE PLATE AND 4340 PLATE IN SEA WATER. (32) :r THREE PRACTICES. (13)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1971

Fe
9 Ni
4 Co
Cr
400

0.20
1

C GRADE CVM (C, DEOX)

9Ni-4Co
1 INCH PLATE
J J. J
1650F, 1 HR AC + 1550F, 1 HR WQ + 1000F (2 + 2 HR) WQ
Mo 300
v Ul F~y= 180 KSI
:.:
9Ni-4Co
w
~
I

"'
~ 200
"'-<
~
~

-
&AIR
AeASTMSEAWA TER
-.-.....
--- - ~
~fil
:.:

-
I
z FOR SPECIMEN SEE FlGURE 2.0323
W= 21N B=0.96IN RWDIDECTION
- 100 ~
Q
_oA = 1 IN Bn = 0.86 IN r.:l
100 ~
I
- 50 2::
<

I
..:1
:s
or::
0 20 40 60 100 200 400 600 1000 2000 i5
TIME TO FAILURE - HOURS

FlG. 2.0322 DELAYED FAILURE OF 0,20C GRADE PLATE IN SEA WATER.

(73, Table C)

400
9NI-4Co
0. ~SC GRADE CVM (C, deox)
liN PLATE
1600F, 1 IIR WQ + 1550F, 1 HR WQ + 1000F (2+2 HR) WQ
---P...,..-:o :---+--+--- 1-

-
FTY = 182 KSI
300
RW DIRECTION

~ 200
I
.05
"'"'lil
-<
Ul

z0
!:=:
t.l
r.:l
Ul
100 -t.~ifD D -E~MB, 1--- 7 ----l ~ 1-
FATIGUE
~05
-< CANTILEVER SPECIMEN CRACK"" 0.33
~
z 0 400 600
20 40 60
TIME TO F,\II.URE - HOURS

FlG. 2. 0323 DELAYED F AlLURE OF 0.25C GRADE PLATE IN Am AND SEA

WATER. (70,p.31) (72)
 REVISED: MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe
9 Ni
4 Co
Cr
Mo
v
j_
-==. 1 I 9Ni-4Co
J T
CENTER CRACI( SPECIMEN B = 0. 050 IN

CRACK STRENGTH IN AIR =200 KSI

(fys =194 KSI
O. 4 ENVIRONMENT ---t---i----+ -+--'\--.Q-- -1
e 3N NaCl
o DISTILLED H20

9NI-4Co
101 102 103 104 105 . 045C GRADE CVM (C, deox)
TIM:O: TO FAILURE - MINUTES !GOOF, 1 HR AC + 1500F, 1 HR SQ
465F, 6 HR AC FTY = 225 KSI
FIG. 2. 0325 DELAYED FAILURE OF 0. 25C GRADE SHEET IN SALT SCATTER BAND FOR DIE FORGING AND
,, SOLUTION AND IN DISTILLED WATER. (60, p.17)
i' 3 HEATS OF A 3x3x24 IN FORGING

0.6

0.4

120~---r-~------~--~------~~-------T--~
9Ni-4Co
CVM (C deox) 9 x 9 IN FORGING
0,45C GRADE
102 1.03
1450F, 30 MIN, SQ
450F, G HR TIME -HOURS
100 + 700F, 2 + 2 HR
RT, FTY= 211 KSI FIG. 2.0327 EFFECT OF APPARENT STRESS INTENSITY
RATIO ON TIME TO FAILURE IN 3. 5 PERCENT
NaCl OF 0.45C DIE AND BILLET FORGINGS.
(59, p. 93)

0.1 1 10 100
TIME TO RUPTURE HR
)~
..... ,~-,
FIG. 2.0326 DELAYED FAILURE OF 0.45C GRADE FORGING IN 200F
DISTILLED WATER. (14)
 f'"l:.t'(t'(UU~ ALLUY~ REVISED: MARCH 1971

9Ni-4Co I I
Fe 0.45C GRADE CVM (C,deox)
FORGED BILLET
9 Ni FTY = 200 KSI
4 Co c 100
z
I
0 FATIGUE CRACKED
Cr

~
0

Mo
1"'1
rn
11::
60 SIDE GROOVED
CONSTANT K -
v
1"'1
p.
40 SPECIMEN B = 1 IN
-
0
z 20 ~
9Ni-4Co 6
= 0

~ It 0
6
I
10
1"'1 ~
E-o
...: 6
11::
0
:::
E-o 4
:;:
0 3 1/2 PERCrNT NaCI SPECIMEN
=
(!) e A

. -
:..: 2 0 B
0
~ ""7
I c. c
.. ~
0 ~ I I I
(.01
0 20 40 60 80 100
K APPLIED - KSI i{IN
FIG. 2. 0328 EFFECT OF APPLIED STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR ON
CRACK GROWTH RATE IN SALT WATER FOR 0.45C
PLATE. (79, Fig. 10)

9Ni-4Co
0,45C GRADE CVM (C,dcox)
lGOOF. 1/2 IIR AC + H50F. 1/4 IIR 0Q + 650F. 2 1/4 IIR
(FTY = 224 KSI
1. 0 1600F. 1/2 HR AC + 1500F, 20 MIN SQ
520F ,4 llR AC (F TY =213 KSI)

O. 8 FOR SPECIMEN ----l--~o-~....-1~~---+----1

SEE FIGURE 2.0325

ENVlROHMENT
o ~DISTILLED 11 20
0.6 e A3N NnCI SOL
A 6 CRACK STRENGTH IN AIR = 183 KSI
FTY = 224 KSI
e o CRACK STRENGTH IN AIR = 195 KSI
0.4 FTY =213 KSI

FIG. 2. 0329 DELAYED FAILURE OF 0.45C GRADE SHEET IN

MARTENSITIC AND BAINITIC CONDITIONS IN
3N NnCl SOLUTION AND IN DISTILLED WATER,
(60, p.18 & 19) (52)

CODE 1221
 REVISED: MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

5000
9NI-4Co I
0.45C GRADE
0.80 IN SHEET
I
CVM(C,deox) I I I 1 Fe
l600F,1/2HRAC.,.l450F,1/4HROQt650F, 2l/4HRAC 9 Ni
=
4000 (FTY 224 KSI) I I -
I 1
SPECIM EN FO~
SEE FIGURE 2.0325
4 Co
Cr
ENVIRONMENT

rn 3000 1-- 3N NaCI SOLUTION

\ Mo
l"il 120 KSI STRESS v

1\
!-<
~::;;
9Ni-4Co
2000

\
l"il
::;;
1=
l"il

~ 1000
ANODIC
I CATHODIC
\
<
"'
bJ:
0
600
.
400
.
200 0 -200 -400 -600
APPLIED POTENTIAL (POLARIZED POTENTIAL- NATURAL
POTENTIAL IN ENVIRONMENT) - mv

FIG. 2.03210 EFFECT OF POLARIZATION POTENTIAL ON DELAYED

FAILURE TIME OF 0.45C GRADE MARTENSITIC SHEET
' ~(
-800

IN 3N NaCI SOLUTION. (60,p.28)

300
9NI-4Co I I_
( 0.45C GRADE CVM (C,deox)
\ 0.0481N SHEET
260 1---+-- 1550F, 1/2 HR OQ + 2 HR -120F _
24 0
+ 475F, 2 + 2 HR
9NI-4Co
0. 020C GRADE CVM (C, dcox)
liN PLATE
220 20 0 FOR HT SEE FIGURE 2.0321

180
~~-~--+-----~--~
- - k- ~B
A

260 16 0
;:..--

~ 220 120
v
I
~~-r---='---t----1--.
:c

I
!-<
z~
~

v
180 80
~
:c
u
!-<
0
z
140
4 / TEMPER
A- 1000 AND 1 0 5 0 F -

,V
260
B- 900F

220
0 . 002 004
I
. 006
I
. 008 .010
STRAIN - IN PER IN

180 FIG. 3. 02111 STRESS STRAIN CURVES FOR REIIEAT TREATED

ENVIRONMENTS I 0 I IN THICK 0. 20C GRADE PLATE. (56, Fig. 10)
e AIR y 1 PERCENT II2S04
.t. DISTILLED H20 01 PERCENT NnCI
1 PERCENT NnOII 1
140
I 5 9 13 17 21

FIG. 2.03212 EFFECT OF STRESS CONCENTRATION ON

TilE SENSITIVITY OF 0.45C SHEET TO
SEVERAL ENVIRONMENTS. (53,p.33)
 rt:.t'H'(UU~ ALLUT ~ REVISED MARCH 1971

280
1
Fe 9Ni-4Co
0.120 SHEET (-0.42C)
I I I I

v
9 Ni 1500F, 30 MIN, 0Q + 2 HR, -120F + 400F, 2 + 2 IIR - -
21,0
4 Co
Cr
200

7
Mo
v
160
9Ni-4Co

Vl
:<:
120
/
I
I
80

v TENSION

v
40
I

9Ni-4Co
0 FORGINGS

+-
0 0.002 o. 004 0. 006 0. 008 o. 010 0. 012 1500F, OQ + 2 HR, -120.. + 400F, 2 + 2 IIR
STRAIN - IN PER IN
LT
FIG. 3. 02112 STRESS-5TRAIN CURVE FOR 0.45C GRADE SHEET 6 CVM (C DEOX), 5 IN SQ, (9) I
TEMPERED AT 400F. (11) y KILLED AIR MELT+ CVM, 4 IN SQ, (3)
4 <l CVM (C DEOX) + CVJ\1, 4 x 12 IN, (6)
0 CVM (C DEOX) + CVM 1 5/8 x 5 IN, (9)
'\J CVM (C DEOX), 4 x 12 IN, (3)
e 0 KILLED AIR MELT, 5 IN SQ, (9)

320 1-----+----1--

!2
I
24o l-~"7fhY7<""*'rzS>'--"r='----+ ---+-...,...c:;.-1
:::>
Eo<

"'

60

40

~
1.:1 20
u
"
1.:1
ll.

0
0. 20 0. 25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
CARDON CONTENT- PERCENT

FIG. 3. 0212 EFFECT OF CAilBON CONTENT ON TENSILE PHOPERTIES

OF FORGINGS (3)(6)(9)

CODE 1221
REVISED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

240 " ,,
~
9Nl-4Co I I Fe
0.20C GRADE CVM (C, deox)
9 Ni
1 IN PLATE
~LL Q + 1000F 2 + 2 HR + 1650F, 1 HR AC + -
28 0
9Nl-4Co
0.20C GRADE CVM (C.deox)
I I 4 Co
1550F, 1 HR 0Q + TEMPEi 2 + 2 HR I
L 1/2 IN PLATE
-... 24 0 1600F. 1 HR AC + 1500F 1/2 HR WQ + - Cr
..,...
200 - TEMPER4 HR
I
--~
FTU Mo

20 0
FTU
v
~
12 - ~ ~
~
180

~
FTv--
9Ni-4Co
~ MILLHT 16
8 gf-- e&L
o6T
160 1-- FTY = 198 KSI
FTU =210 KSl

140
60 ' RA
80 f.--

60 ~ - RA
0
0

c 1(4D)

-~
40
10
1000 1050 -"?
- TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F
20

.--- eriN) FIG. 3. 0216 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
.. 900 950 1000 1050 1100
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0. 20C GRADE
1/2INPLATE. (57.p.16)

TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F

FIG. 3. 0214 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON

REHEAT TREATED 0.20C GRADE !IN PLATE.
(56, Fig. 9)

280 rl
9Ni~Co I I
0.20C GRADE CVM (C,dcox)
1 IN PLATE
260
9Nl-4Co
1
0.20C GRADE CVM (C,dcox)
I I
260 PLATE
1650F, 1 IIR AC + 1525F, 1/2 IIR OQ + -
240 1650 - 1700F, 1 HR/IN AC +
TEMPER4 HR
1525 - 1575F, 1 HR/IN WQ +
1000 - 1025F, 4 HR
L
~ ~
~ FTU
220 ~
r--_ FTU
200

.......- ~
-,j
til T ~ FTY
:.:
180 1- __.......
\~
160
FTY 80

140 - RJ\

~ ,...
40

100
80 - z
~
u 0
RA
----- ... c:::
~
p..
20

..... ....
c (4D)
t
~
60
20
- ---1 10
g 0 1 2 3
~
p.. c (liN) PLATE TIIJCKNESS - INCH

v 400
I
600 800 1000 !200 FIG. 3.0217 EFFECT OF PLATE TIIICKNESS ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0. 20C GRADE
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F PLATE FROM ONE HEAT. (57,p.23)

FIG. 3.0215 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE

ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0. 20C GRADE
liNCH PLATE. 157.p.32)(58)
 r C.I"U'\ UU;:) 1-\L. L.U T ;:) tU:::. VI;:)I:.IJ' Mlo\1'\'-n I:J II

;
320r-------------~-----.------, \._
9NI-4Co
Fe 4 IN TO 12 IN FORGINGS
CVM (C dcox)
9 Ni 280 1500F TO 1550F, WQ OR 0Q 320
+TEMPER, 2 + 2 HR
4 Co
Cr
Mo
u;
v :.:
~----~~~~~~~~------1240 ~
9Ni-4Co tt'

280r------r---- --r------r------ ,320

9NI-4Co
PLATE AND FORGINGS
20~----~----~------~----~ CVM (Cdcox)
400 GOO 800 1000 1200 ,..,__,'<--f--"'OOF, TO l550F, OQ OR W ;
,,
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F + TEMPER 2 + 2 HR

FIG. 3.02110 SPREAD OF TENSILE PROPERTIES

AS FUNCTION OF TEMPERING TEIIIP..
ERATURE FOR 18 HEATS OF 0.25C
GRADE FORGINGS. (22)
!il
!.::
I 160
~
c..

120

80 120

60

~
1>.1
u
c::
1>.1
c..

10~----~------~----~----~
400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE F

F1G. 3.02111 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA

TURE ON TilE TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF 0. 25C GRADE PLATE AND FORGINGS.
(29)

CODE 1221
 11~ VI::I~U' MAI'<I,;H 1~71 l"'t:.KKUU~ ALLUY~

360
9NI-4Co 9NI-4Co
CVM (C, deox) 1/4 TO 2 IN PLATE
0. 25C GRADE CVM (C, deox) Fe
280 320 STRIP (t = 0.28 IN, W = 21N)
0.25C GRADE
320 1650F, 30 MIN, AC + PRETEMPER 1 HR + 9 Ni
1500F TO 1550F OQ + TEMPER 2+2 HH
STRAIN, AC I 360
4 Co
240 280
Cr
2SO 320
gj Mo
til
'::o 200 FTU 240 :.: v
~
[,<
>- ~ 240 280
[,< I
~ ::> !il
:.:
9Ni-4Co
160 200 ~
240 ~
~

160
PRETEMPER TEMP 200
LANDT
0

300F
50 0F
80
160

[,<
RA
ztil 60 E-o
ztil
0
II:
til
g
p.,
40
"'p.,
400 600 soo 1000 1200 0
e (liN)
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F
10 20 30 40 50
STRAIN (REDUCTION) - PERCENT
FIG. 3. 02114 SPHEAD OF TENSILE PROPEHTIES AS A
FUNCTION OF TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE FIG. 3.02117 TENSILE PROPERTIES OF STRAIN TEMPERED
FOR TEN HEATS OF 0. 25C GRADE PLATE. MARTENSITE AS FUNCTION OF STRAIN FOR
(16.Tnble 4) (64,Tnble 4,5& 6) 0.25C GRADE STRIP. (28)

2SO 1
9NI-4Co
0. 090 IN SHEET
0.25C GRADE CVM(Cdeo,q
9NI-4Co
0.30C GRADE CVM(C, deox)
3x9x24 IN FORGING
.l
1550F, 30 !\fiN Q + _ 1G50F, 1 IIR AC + 1550F, 1 HR
240 2 so 0Q + 2 HR -100F + TEMPER(2+2 HR)
~EMPER 240

~~ :r- ~
~.....
200 40
220
gj
FTY
~ 160 ..,____; 2 00 FTY
~
:----- 200
.rl

Q AND TEMPER CYCLE --........

0Q + TEMPER 2 + 2 HR t!.
120 - 0 AC + TEMPER 2 + 2 HR - 160
eL
t!. 0Q + 2 IIR, -120F + lOOOF 1SO o r so
2 + 2 IIR -120F + 1000F, 2 HR
t!.ST
so
20
..rf"'_

v-: ~ rRA
ztilE-<
----
~-
i). 0
10

'~.'
II:
til
o (1 IN)
20 40 ~
p.,
l\:
~.~ 0 ojiiN)
If, 200 400 600 800 1000
10
r: TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F 800 900 1000 1100 1200

[
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 3.02110 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
( ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0. 25C GRADE FIG. 3.02119 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON
l' SHEET GIVEN SEVERAL QUENCH AND
TEMPER CYCLES. (16)
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0. 30C GRADE FORGINGS.
(59,p.134)

I .
;
,, r..nns:" t::;l?l I
I vVII

FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1971

\
340 "--"
9N1-4Co
Fe CVM (C, deox)
1/2 IN AND 1 IN PLATE
9 Ni '.
300 0.30C GRADE - 340
~
4 1525F, 30 MIN, Q "': TE)\!,PER,
Co 2 HR T
Cr
2GO ~ FTU
300
Mo f "'--., 1"---
v In
:.: - '-'-. ~
:J 220 2GO
9Ni-4Co ~
!-<

r~ \ 220
~
~
180 ....... ~ ....

140
l QUENCH
e CIL
FTY ~

~ 180
~

& OIL+ 2 HR -100F

450F SALT, 6 HR
100
80 140

GO
- H.A
....
- ~

!-<
z 40 /
20
v.
--
t>l
c..:
~
1-l ........ ..........
~

e (1 IN)
10 340 r:::::-::: -;---;---- r----r---. \
1000 1200
0 400 GOO 800
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE - F
9N1-4Co
CVIII (C, dcox) 3 IN x 10 IN
"-
TO 8 1/2IN SQ FORGINGS (0.41C TO 0.46C)
FIG. 3.02120 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON 0.45C GRADE
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0,30C GRADE PLATE 300 1450 TO 1500F, SQ 6 TO 8 HR, A C - - - j - - - 4 340
HEAT TREATED USING DIFFERENT ClUENCII
PROCEDURES. (19) P/77,7l":;r,;r-;~7"?-~(0~,4~11CC TO 0. 46C)

FIG. 3.02121 EFFECT OF TRANSFOHMATION TEMPERATURE

ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BADfiTIC
FORGINGS FROM NINE HEATS OF 0.45C GRADE.
(25)
 340r-----,------r----~------~--~
9NI-4Co \
CVM (C,deox) 1/4 IN PLATE i Fe

300
0.45C GRADE
_l_:I~~F~,_

,___ __
HR. SQ_:
1 :_r_E_;t~E_!l, ________
1
+___
I
340
9
4
Ni
Co
- TU

~ ~ Cr
_ 260
~
t
I
.
0
-- -:::::::::::
~.
-.
300
Mo

t
:o
220
I
l-----+-----~-----t----t260 ~
l i
1
v

6 . .IL
9Ni-4Co
FTY
340 180
9NI-4Co J I I I u 220
LANDING GEAR FOHGING (0.37-0.39C) TRANS TEMP STHUCTIJRE
0.45C GHADE CVM (C,dcox)
1450F, 1 HR, 0Q + 400F, 111R+2 H.!!._
0 350F
400F } BAINirE +
MAHTENSITE

-
300 140 1--- 180
-112F + TEMPER, 2 IIR D. 425F

~
80
450F
} BAINITE
!
R 0 4.75F

-+I ..
260 1- E-< 60 I
z
~ :.l
u ~
0
D.
fjj II: HA
:.:: ~

-I
:> p..
220 l
p FTY
40 --r--
20
""0"

180
L T
I
0
400 450
I 500 550 600
e (1 IN)

650
0 2150F MAX FORGE TEMPEIUNG TEMPEHATURE - F

140
D. 2300F FORGE
FIG. 3. 02123 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPEHATURE ON
60 TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0.45C CARBON GRADE
PLATE ISOTHERMALLY TRANSFOHI\IED AT
_. HA
SEVERAL TEMPERATUHES . (26)
40

E-< 9NI-4Co
z )
~ 0. 080 IN SIIEET
u 20
y-
v
II: 1450 TO 1500F, 1 IIH, 0Q
~ 300 ~~L.+-- + 2 IIR REF +
TEMPER. 2 + 2 IIH
0
./
OD.AT
20
e L, T AVG
300
~
~r c (2IN)
0
3o0 - 400 450 500 550
TEMPEIUNG TEMPEHA TIJRE - F

FIG. 3. 02122 EFFECT OF TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE ON

TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0. 45C GHADE LANDING
GEAR FORGINGS FORGED AT NORMAL AND
EXCESSIVE TEMPERATUHE S. (20)
0 (-0.42C)CVM(C, deox)+CV I
20 e (-0.41C) AIR MELT 180
D. INGOT TOP }(-0.42C) CVM
A INGOT BOTTOM (C,d!'Ox) + CVM

0~----~-----L----~----_J
400 600 800 1000 1200
TEI\IPEIUNG TEI\IPEHATUHE - F

FIG. 3. 02124 EFFECT OF TEMPEIUNG TEMPE nATURE

ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0. 45C GHADE
SHEET. (1)

ID 1971, Bel!our Stulen, lnc. CODE 1221

 320~----~----~------~----~

Fe 9Nl-4Co
0.100 TO 0. 220 IN SHEET, L
9 Ni 1500F, 20 MIN TO 1 IIR
280 1 - - - - l - - - +TRANSFORM 320
4 Co TRANSFORMATION
FTU---l~ TIME
Cr ~ o10HR

Mo
v
~~ -~, ~
2)0 1-----l.-- -+----l-- -"'c--'12 40 ~
9Ni-4Co (-0.41C) AIR 1\IELT ~
(-0.38C) CVM (C, dcox)+CVM rF
160
-AY ...........
2 00

~
9NI-4Co
/ 0.45C GRADE (C,deox)

z
... 10
-6
1 60 0.44C STRIP(t=0.28 IN, W=2 IN)
1---~- 1500F, 30 MIN, AC+ REFIUG -3201'
t..l 360 400
u e(2 IN)
,~
+ PRETEMPER 1 fiR+
a::
t..l 25 PERCENT STRAIN
p..
0
400 450 500 550 GOO
TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATU RE- F

FIG. 3. 02125 EFFECT OF ISOTHEHMAL TRANs-

FORMATION TEMPERATUR E ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0.45C
GRADE BAINITE SHEET. (1)

340
9NI-4Co _I
CVM (C,dcox) SHEET, PLATE
l.
0.45C GRADE
300 1450F TO 1500F, 1 HR
SQ 6 TO 8 IIR
I 340
200 1 - - - - - 1 - - - -

FTU
>----.
260
~ >--
300
!i'1
:.:
::> 220
e-. 260 I

"" .... F"TY

~

180 220 0~----~----~----~------~--~

300 100 500 600 700 800
TIUCKNESS, IN IIEATC HEAT PRETEMI'ER TEMPERATU RE- F
0.08 0.46 A
140 6 3/8 0.46 B
so 1- 3/8 0.46 A 180 FIG. 3.02127 EFFECT OF PRETEMPER TEMPERATUR E ON THE
0 1/2 0.41 c TENSILE PROPEHTIES OF STRAIN TEMPERED
0 1 0.46 A
i.. MAHTENSITE FOH 0.45C GRADE STRIP. (28)
t
60

...
6 RA
[

40
f
f
I
r ~
t..l 20
I u t--
a::
t..l
p.. ....
0 c(JIN)

450 460 470 480 490 500

TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATU HE- F

r. FIG. 3.02126 EFFECT OF TRANSFORMATION TEMPERA TURF. ON

! TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAINITE SHEET AND PLATE

FROM THREE 0.45C GHADE HEATS. (25)

I j
i
CODE
PAGE
1221
28
C 1971, Bctrour Stulcn, Inc.
'------'/
360
9Nl-4Co
0.45C GRADE (C deox) Fe
(0.44C, STIUP(t=0.26!N. W~21N)
320 -1500F, 30 MIN+ 50 PERCENT
9 Ni
AUS~'ORM AT 1125F + RRFJUG
-320F + TEMPER 2 + ~ JlR
4 Co
I
I Cr
280 320

!il
Mo
:.:
v
:::> 240 280
(-<

"' 9Ni-4Co

200 240 !il

:.:
400r-----.------.------r-----.------, >-
(-<
9NI-4Co
CVM (C, doox) (0.44C) STJUP 160 200 ""
0.45C GRADE
360 (t = .28 IN, W = 21N) --+-=t:;><:::."---jf----1 400
120
60 160

320

!il
:.:
260 '>-
(-<

"" 400 1000 1200

240 TEMPEJUNG TEMPERATURE- F
e 1500F, 30 MIN + SQ 500F, 111R
+ 400F, 1 IIR + STRAIN +400F ,111R
FIG. a.v~l2:) EFFECT OF TEMPERlNG TEMPERATURE ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF AUSFOHMED 0. 45C
6~-----r-----t----~------r---~ 200 GRADE STJUP, (28)

260

240
10 20 30 40 50
STRAIN (REDUCTION) - PERCENT T THICKNESS IN
0 2 HEAT A
220
FIG. 3. 02128 TENSILE PROPERTIES OF STRAIN TEMPERED ~ 1/2 IIEAT B
MARTENSITES AND BAINITES AS A FUNCTION
OF STRAIN FOR 0.45C GRADE STIUP, (28)
I

400 GOO 800 1000 1200

TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE - f
( FIG. 3.0222 EFFECT OF TEMPEJUNG TEMPERATURE ON
COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH OF 0. 2SC
GRADEPLATE. (64.Tablc6)

4:1 1971, lleHour Stulen, Inc. CODE 1221

r~::un

FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1971

9Ni-4Co
Fe PLATE
1600 TO 1700F, 1 HR/IN; 1 HR MIN AC + 80
9 Ni 9Nl-4Co
220
T_0_1~5_5_0F_,~1_H_R~/INF-~Q~+_4~H~R~T~E~M~P~E~R~-4
r--1_5_00__
PLATE CVM (C,dcox)
4 Co 1500 TO 1550F, 0Q OR \VQ
70 + TEMPER 2 + 2 HR
Cr
200 L T HEAT C t, IN
Mo ~ 0 0.25 3/4(12)
v L T
0
60
D. 0.30
[J 0 26
1/2(1)
1 (5)
180 [J 'i/ 0.27 2 (lG)
9Ni-4Co C. A 2 0 0.30 1/2 (16)
11:1 50
.:I
160~------~------~------~~----~
1000 1025 E-o
1050 1075 1100 t...
TEMPERlNG TEMPERATURE - F
40
FIG. 3. 0223 EFFECT OF QUENCH MEDIA AND TEMPERING
TEMPERATURE ON COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH
OF 0.25C GRADE PLATE. (57,p.17 & 25)
30

9Ni-4Co 20~----~----~~----~----~

0. 20C GRADE CVM (C, deox) 400 600 800 1000 1200
1!N PLATE TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE - F
100 _l650F, 1 HR AC + 1525F 1/2 BR
0Q +TEMPER 4 HR FIG. 3.0233 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
FOR FTU AND FTY SEE ON IMPACT STRENGTH OF 0. 25C GRADE
FIGURE 3. 0215
PLATE FROM FOUR HEATS. (1)(5)(12){16)
80
eL
OT

80
40 9NI-4Co
CVM (C, dcox) FORGINGS
0.25C GRADE
1200 70 1500F. 1 HR, 0Q +TEMPER 2 + 2 HR

FIG. 3.0231 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON

I~E~} 11::~: C D~R}
I~lt>ACT STRENGTH OF 0. 20C GH.\DE PLATE.

~ ~ ~~ ~~ t~] :::2
(57. Jl. 32)(58)
11:1 60 -
.:: SO II F 0.26 -+----4
E-o Y G 0.30
80 t...
9Nl-4Co
0.20C GRADE CVM (C,dcox)
PLATE
1650 - 1700F. 1 HR/IN AC +
70
1525- 1575F, 1 fiR/IN WQ + -
1000 - 1025F, 4 HR
FOR FTY SEE FIGURE 3.0217

~
,. T

m CIIARPY V
5o
l'--:---.. 20 ~----~------~----~------~
40o r.oo 800 1000 1200
TEMPERING TEMPEHATUHE - F
IE CHARPYV
FIG. 3. 0234 EFFECT OF Tf:l\IPEIUNG TEMPEHATUHE
I ON TilE IMPACT STHENGTH OF 0. 25C
0 1 2 3 4 GRADE FORGINGS FHOM SIX HEATS. (16)
PLATE TIIICKNESS -IN

FIG. 3. 0232 EFFECT OF PLATE TlliCKNESS ON

IMPACT STRENGTH OF 0. 20C GRADE
PLATE FROM ONE HEAT. (57.p.23)
 FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

9Nl-4Co
1/2 IN PLATE I I J

1450 TO 1500F, 30 MIN TO 1 HR, 0Q + REF +

I Fe
50 TEMPER2+2H R _ 9 Ni
FTY AT400F
T L CARBON MELTING
A A -0.41 CVM(C, DEOX)
~
245 KSI
4 Co
40
"' -0.42 KILLED AIR+CVM Cr
-0.42 CVM(C, DEOX)+CVM 245 KSI -1-------4
o -0.42 KILLED Affi+CVM 225 KSI Mo

3or-----t-----4-----+-----~----~~~~~ v
t: v 9Ni-4Co
20l-~~~~====~,~t~~~~~~---I~C~H~A~RP~Y~V--~
~- 1-----1
*CO~SEG~
50
lO~====~~==
400 500
~~====~;:==
600 700
~~jJ;:::::;
800
k:::::d
900 1000
eN1-4Co I
CVM(C,deox) PLATE, FORGINGS
0.4!;C GRADE
TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE - F 1450 TO 1500F, 1 HR, SQ 6 TO 8 HR_-1-_ _,
40
FIG. 3.0235 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON IMPACT
STRENGTH OF PLATE FROM SEVERAL 0.45C GRADE
HEATS. (1) 30

RT
20

SIZE FORM HEAT C HEAT

10 o 1/2 IN} PLATE ~ A

.'"" )
'<:!liN 0.46 B
0.41 A
A 4X 9 0.44 c
0 A 5x 5 I"'RG- 0.41 D
IXl 50 0 12 DIA INGS 0.44
...:l E
CLOSED 0.46 F
...
~
DIE

40

IE CHARPY V

toL---~------~----~----~----~
450 460 470 480 490 500
TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURE - F

FIG. 3. 0237 EFFECT OF TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURE

ON IMPACT STRENGTH OF BAINITIC PLATE AND
FORGINGS FROM SIX 0.45C GRADE HEATS. (25)

220 240 260 280 300

FTU- KSI

FIG. 3. 0236 EFFECT OF STRENGTH LEVEL ON

IMPACT STRENGTH OF 0.45C PLATE
AND FORGINGS QUENCHED AND
TEMPERED AND ISOTHERMALLY
TRANSFORMED. (25)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1971

,i
280
Fe 9Nl-4Co
300 r9~N~I~4~C~o~~-----y----~ '-
0.45C GRADE CVM (Cdeox) SHEET, L
9 x 9 IN FORGINGS 1500F, 30 MIN TO 1 HR +
9 Ni 240 1450F, 30 MIN, SQ 450F, 6 HR AUSTEMPER, 8 TO 10 HR
+ 700F, 2 + 2 HR FTY = 200 KSI 260
4 Co t-0.41C) AIR MELT
1il 0.10 IN TIIICK
Cr :.: e(-0.38C)CVM (C ,dcox)
~200 + CVI\1
Mo !-< ......... 220 0. 20 IN THICK -+---1

~ f-!.-
0
v z~
II:

9Ni-4Co
[;; 160 1 -
:.:(.) ~0.13 TO
0.15
tt _l.
..:
II:
(.)
120 0\ "=2 , ( 0"'1/4
I 3 IT
SURFACE CRACK SPECIMEN
80 I I
0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 100
CRACK SIZE a/ (32 - IN CENTER CENTER CRACK
liT BEFORE CRACKING
FIG. 3.02713 EFFECT OF SURFACE CRACK SIZE ON CRACK
STRENGTH OF 0. 45C GRADE FORGING. (14) 60 =
w 3 IN, 2ao-1m
W = 2 IN, 2no-3/4 IN
400 500 600 700
AUSTEMPER TEMPERATU RE- F
FIG. 3.02718 EFFECT OF AUSTEMPEIU NG
TEMPERATU RE ON CRACK
STRENGTH OF 0. 45C GRADE
SHEET FROM TWO HEATS. (lj
280
9NI-4Co
0.30C GRADE CVM(C,deox)
r I
PLATE, FORGINGS
240 1525F, Q +TEMPER 2 + 2 HR

v. -
.,
300
200 "'TY
o (-0.41C) AIR MELT
<J (-0 42 C)} KILLED AIR+ CVM FORM QUENCH
6 (-0.42C) o 9x9iN"llN
260
(-0.42C)} CVM(C, DEOX) + CVM
(-0.38C)
160 1--- FORGING PLATE
0
6 OIL+ 2 HR -100F
- 1-
450F SALT, 6 HR
220
120

k
.....
"'
1l I
1il
:.:
80

~
l-----1- -v -- I-
I
40
0.6
B= 1 IN
4
1~3-0.28 j_ I
11

t BEND SPECIMEN

-- >--
v
0.4

iS
0.2 1- [rKic
FTY -

20
CENTER FATIGUE CRACK
HT BEFOHE CHACK!NG
0
I
-- ~
400 500 600 700 800 900
TEMPERING TEMPERATUR E - F 0 200 400 GOO BOO 1000
TEMPERING TEMPEHATUR~;- F
FIG. 3.02714 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATUR E ON FIG. 3.02721 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPEHATUR F ON
THE CHACK STRENGTH OF 0. 45C GRAm; PLANE STRAIN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF
SHEET FROM SEVERAL MELTING PRACTICES. (1) 0.30C GI!ADE PLATE AND FORGING. (19)
 r-euH
REVISED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

250
r-- -nor-
Fe

~
70
~ 300 9 Ni
r--
I-" 1500

r
200
4 Co
9Ni-4Co I Cr
0.30C GRADE CVM (C, dcox)
3x9x24 IN FORGINGS Mo
1650F, 1 HR AC + 1550F, 1 HR+
150 2 HR -100F + 950F (2 + 2 HR) v
lil 9Ni-4Co
:.:
100

AVG 3 HEATS; L, T, AND ST

,, 9NI - 4Cc
50 0.20C GRADE CVM C(dcox)
1 rn PLATE
TENSION 200 1---..-+- 1700F, 1 HR AC + 1500F, 1 llR
I:JQ + 1050F, 2 IIR

0 .~ .M .00 . 08 160
STRAIN -IN PER IN

FIG. 3.03111 TENSILE STRESS-STRAIN CURVES AT VARIOUS

Tl:MPERATURES FOR 0.30C GRADE FORGINGS. 120
(59.p.65-67)

80

40
300
-llOF

/; ~
70
300

r
250
9Ni-4Co
0.30C GRADE CVM (C, dcox)
1600F, 1 IIR AC .,. 1500F, 1 HR SQ
465F, 6 HRAC
200

0 400 800 i200 1400 1600

TEMP~:RATURE- F

150 FIG. 3.0312 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE

TENSILE p;;oPERTIES OF 0. 20C GRADE PLATE.
(57 .p.52)

AVG L, T, AND ST
100

3 x 9 x 24 IN FORGrnG
50
TENSION

0 .02 .M .06 . 08
STRAIN - IN PER IN

FIG. 3.03112 TENSILE STRESS-8TRArn CURVES AT VAIUOUS

TEMPERATURES FOR 0.45C GRADE FORGINGS
WITH BAINITIC HEAT TREATMENT (59.p.71-73)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1971

Fe 9Ni-4Co L
PLATE AND FORGINGS
9 Ni 0.25C GRADE CVM (C,dcox)
1--->,--+--- 1500F, 1 HR, OQ + IOOOF, 280
4 240 2 + 2 IIH
Co
Cr
Mo
v
9Ni-4Co

iil
160 :<:

80

40

-~-

400 800 1200 1600

TEMPEHATURE- F
340
FIG. 3.0313 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0.25C GRADE MIN,
!55 0F, 30 OQ
PLATE AND FORGINGS. (16) +400F, 1 + 1 JIH
260 r--r---=~~~-0;-~A~N~N~-r---~--~ 300

260

220
~
;..
E-o
180
"'
140

100

-200 -100 0 100

TEl\IPEitATUHE - F

FIG. 3.0314 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE

PROPEHTIES OF 0. 25C GHADE SHEET, (30)
REVISED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

280
9Ni-4Co Fe
0.39C GRADE CVM(C,deox)
3 X 9 X 24 IN FORGINGS 9 Ni
260 1 - - - - 1 - 1650F, 1 HR AC + 1550F,
1 HR 0Q + 2 HR -100F 4 Co
+ 950 (2 + 2 HR)
Cr
240
Me
fn
:.:
v
220
9Ni-4Co

200

180

0
c.
1~8
...z
l'l
g
l'l
p, 60

~8 1----1---~e(JIN)~----~

10L-----~----~----~~----J
-200 0 200 400 600
TEMPERATURE - F
9Ni-4Co
FIG. 3. 0315 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPEHATUHE ON TENSILE CVM(C, dcox) PLATE
PROPERTIES OF 0.30C GHADE FOHGINGS. (59.p. 125) 0.30C GRADE
1550F, 30 ~UN, OQ + lOOOF. 280
2 + 211R

~
I
::J
t 160 1-----+:::,..:;;;::~;t...=-----+----+----1200 ~
""
120 EXPOSURE
eNONE
8400F
AG50F }

c (llN)
1oL-----L-----~----~----~~--~
-200 0 200 400 600 BOO
TEST TEMPERATURE - F

FIG. 3.0316 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATUHE AND ELEVATED

TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF 0.30C GRADE PLATE. (19)
 ru:. Vl;:)t:.U' MAK~H IS71

260
Fe ~NI-4Co I
0.45C CVM (C deox)
~~
9 Ni ~ 9 x 9 IN FORGINGS (0. 11 Mo)
220 ...... 1450F, 30 MIN, SQ 450F, 6 HR
4 260
Co ~,2+2HR
Cr
Mo ~
180 .. ...........
~
u
~ 220 ~

v I
::> ~ '-... "' ~ 0

E
t: 140
180
9Ni-4 Co F~

100
L T EXPOSU RE
~ 0
140
0 NONE "'
0 400F} 1000 HR, 40 KSl
~
A 6GOF

r-
80 .rw'_

_.__
~ 0 ~

~
v c(l IN)
~
- 9NI-4Co
0 0.45C GHADE CVM (C, deox)
-200 0 200 400 600 800 !600F. 1 IIR AC + 1500F, 1 HR
TEMPE RATUR E- F
300 SQ, 465F, 6 IIR lC

FICl. 3. 0317 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPEI-...ATURE AND

ELEVAT ED TEMPE RATUR E EXPOSURE ON
TENSIL E PROPER TIES OF 0.45C GRADE 280 ., '
FORGINGS. (14) '"'
260
lil
:.:

240

220

200

180
60

0
RA
.JO
f-<
z~
u
c:
~
p.. 20

10~----~~--~--~~
~----~
-200 0 200 600
TEMP~;!{,\ TURE - F

FIG. 3. 0318 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPE RATUR E ON TENSIL E A ...

PHOPER TIES OF 0.45C GRADE FORGINGS W!TII

BAINITIC IIEAT TREATM ENT. (59.p.13 0)
~';.

CODE 1221
 I vVI

REVISED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

9NI-4Co
0,45C CVM (C deO>t) 9NI-4Co Fe
liN PLATE 0.45C GRADE CVM (C. dcox)
240 l-~c--+-1450F, 30 MIN, SQ 475F, 6 HR+ 280
340
0.0951N SHEET 9 Ni
750F 2 + 2 HR T 1450F CXl +TEMPER
4 Co
300
~(1+1HH)
....._ 340 Cr
~ ........ M<
12I 260 i'-- ~'Tu

300 v
...:::> -~ 9Ni-4Co
"' L T TEMPER

220 .
0
6
400F
GOOF 260
til
:<:

1:
180
6
220
"'
FTY
__. ~-
...z 20 180
w
u I
~
w .I.
.....
p..
10
-200
-= c 21Nli
-100 0 100 200
800 TEMPERATURE- F

FIG. 3. 03111 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE C'N

FIG. 3. 0319 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND EJ,EVATED
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 0.45C GRADE
TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
SHEET. (63, Tnblc 13A)
OF 0.45C GRADE PLATE FROM 300 LB HEAT. (14)

9NI-4Co
0.10 IN SHEET CVM (C, dcox) +
CVM 1500F, 30 MIN, CXl +
TEMPER, 3 HR + HEF +
TEMPEH,311R
9Nl~Ico
0.30C GHADE CVM (C, dcox)
3 x 9 x 24 IN FORGINGS
til 260 t-.....>...;::--t----1-""-<::::--~ 200 1650F, 1 JIR AC + 1550F, 1 HR -,~-e,....-=.e-.,..
:.: + 2 HR -llOF + 950F(2+2 HR)
I

160

12 120

AVG 3 HEATS; L, T, ANDST

40

COMPHESSION
c (2IN)
0~----~----~----~----~~--~ 0 ~----~----~----~----~~----~----~
-100 -zoo o zoo 400 600 0 .002 .004 .006 .oos .010 .012
TEMPERATURE- F STRAIN -IN PER IN

FIG. 3.03110 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE FIG. 3. 03?.11 COMf'RESSIVE STRESS-5TRAIN CURVES AT VARIOUS
PROPERTIES OF 0. 45C GRADE SHEET TEMPERED TEMPERATURES FOR 0.30C GRADE FORGINGS.
AT400AND600F. (I) (59.p.68-70)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1971

\~ i
9NI-4Co _I_ I \_
Fe 280 0.45C GRADE CVl\1 (C, deo><) -llOE / '

~0
3 " 9 " 24 lN FORGING
9 Ni 1600F, 1 HR AC + 1500F, 1 HR 9Nl-4Co

/~ ~
SQ 465F, 6 HR AC 0.20C GRADE CVl\1 (C, dco><) -----,f ------ -i
4 Co 70
41N PLATE
240 1650F, 4 HR AC + 1550F, 4 llH WQ +
Cr
/ 7 lOOOF (2 + '2 Hit) WQ

Mo
v 200 ~/ aor----F.T~y~=-1_7_8_K_SI-t-----,_--~~----,
L T

~
/
0

"' A
9Ni-4 Co
/ 50 ST

w
160 D
In
:.:
~ 40r-----+-----+-,J--~~~~~~==~
120

80
Jv AVG LANDT
I
,<

"'

/
I
v
40
COMPRE SSION

0
0 . 002 . 004 . 006 . 008
I 10L-----~----~------

-400 -300 -200 -100

TEMPER ATURE - F
~----~----~
0 100
.010 . 012
STRAIN -IN PER IN
FIG. 3.0331 IMPACT STRENG TH AT VAIUOUS TEMPER ATURES
FW. 3.03212 COMPRE SSIVE STRESS- STRAlN CURVES AT VAIUOUS FOR 4 INCH TIIICK 0.20C GRADE PLATE. (73, Table
A)
TEMPER ATURES FOR 0.45C GRADE FORGING WITH
BAINITIC HEAT TREATM ENT. (59,p.74 & 75)

50
9Nl-4Co
9Nl-4Co
0.30C GRADE CVM (C, dco><)
0.25C GRADE CVM (C, dco><)
3 " 9 " 21 lN FORGING S 1600F, 3 IIR \VQ + 1550F, 3 JIR WQ
260 1650F, 1 IIR AC + 1550F, 1 IIR T
40 + 1000F, 2 IIH WQ + 1000F, 2 IIR WQ
+ 2 IIR -100F + 950F(2+2 IIR)
(HT FTY = 182 KSI)
SUHFAC E
0 1/4 TIUCKNE SS
30 ~no nucKNE SS
Ill A ST
...1

,<
20
""

IE CIIARPY V

180~----~----~------~----
-J
-200 0 0~----~----~----~------L-----~
200 400 600 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 ----~
TEMPER ATUHE - F 100 200
TEMPEH ATUHE- F
FIG. 3. 0322 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPEH ATURE ON FIG. 3. 0332 EFFECT OF TEST Tt;MPER ATUHE AND SPECIM EN
COMPRESl>"'VE YIELD STRENG TH OF 0.30C
LOCATIO N ON IMPACT STRENG TH OF 0. 25C GHADE
GHADE FORGING S. (59, p.127) 4 INCH THJCK PLATE. (64, Tnblc A)

CODE 1221
~~
. REVISED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
]

~
~
i:
~
r 9Nl-4Co
~ 80 0. 25C GRADE CVM (C, doox)
9Nl-4Co
0. 20C GRADE CVM (C, deox)
50 1----+---- 1600F. 1 HR (l/2 AND 1 IN), 9 Ni
2 HR (2 IN), 3 HR (4 IN) +
t 60
2 IN PLATE
700F, 2 HR AC + l525F, 2 HR, QUENCH+
1550F 1 HR (1/2 AND 1 IN),
2 HR (2 IN), 3 HR (4 IN) +
4 Co

I
I
i
l025F, 4 HR AC

Ul

lOOOF, 2 HR WQ + 1000F.
2 HRWQ

T
Cr
Mo
I
! ~ 30~---r---+-----~~--+-----; v
"'
~ LOCATION
e 1\UD THICKNESS
9Ni-4Co
20 0 1/4 THICKNESS --f------4----i

IE CHARPY V
c, ST I
0 ~--~~--~----~----~~~~ IE CHARPY V
-400 -300 -200 200 10L-----~----~------~----~----~
TEMPERATURE - F 0 2 3 5
PLATE TIUCKNESS - IN
FIG. 3.0333 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON IMPACT
STRENGTH OF 0.20C GRADE 21N PLATE QUENCHED FlO. 3. 0336 EFFECT OF PLATE TIIICKNESS ON IMPACT
IN VARIOUS MEDIA. (57.p.18 & 19) STRENGTH OF 0.25C GRADE PLATE (EACH
THICKNESS FROM DIFFERENT HEAT). (64. Tublc A)

80
9NI-4Co I
CVM (C, dcox) FOiG!NOS
0.25C GRADE
70 r1500F, lllR, OQ,I
9Nl-4Co + IOOOF, 2 + 2 HR
0. 20C GRADE CVM (C, dcox) FTU = 185 TO 195 KS!
CROSS ROLLED PLATE
HEAT DIR. !!EAT C SIZE _
80 1550F. WQ + 1000F, 2 + 2 JIR ---!------1 60 r- oA "'L 0.33 4 IN x 12 IN
en T
0.30)
c L 0.28 5x5
OD L 0.26
50 - E T 0.27
yF
'ilF ;} 0.28 9 X 9

/
/-;
40
Vo ~
// v
30

20
'V
/

v
.//IE CI!AHPY V
-200 -100 0 100 200
TEMPERATURE - F -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 3. 0335 RANGE OF IMPACT STRENGTJI AS FUNCTION
OF TEMPERATURE FOR TWO HEATS OF 0.20C FIG. 3. 0337 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON IMPACT
GRADE PLATE (PLATE CHEMISTRIES VERY STRENGTH OF 0.25C GRADE FORGINGS FROM
CLOSE). (56, Fig. 2-1) SIX HEATS, (16)(22)
 70
70
9Ni-4Co
Fe 3 IN PLATE (0.25C GRADE) 9N1-4Co
1500F, 30 MIN, 0Q 0.25C GRADE PLATE CVM (C deox)
9 Ni 1500 TO 1550F, WQ OR 0Q
60 + lOOOF, 2 + 2 HR - -
4 + TEMPER, 2 + 2 HR
Co L T
Cr
Mo
50
. 0
a
Cl
KILLED AIR, FTY = 183 KSI
KILLED AIR, + CVM FTY = 184 KSI
CVM (C deox), FTY = 180 KSI
L

T

0
HEAT C
0.25
0.27

v
40
~ 40
9Ni-4Co ~
e.. .:I
"" ao ,..
I

30
"'
20

IE CHARPY-V
10

...
0
a
Cl
';i
1

2
TEMPER 1000F
FTy= 182 TO
190 KSI

)
____I_
0 L-----~-------~----~------J 0
-200 -100 0 100 200 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200
TEMPERATU RE- F TEMPEllA TURE - F
FIG. 3.0338 EFFECT OF TEMPERATUR E ON THE IMPACT
PROPERTIES OF 0.25C GRADE 3 INCH PLATE FIG. 3. 03310 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPf::v.TUR E ON IMPACT STRENGTH
MELTED BY DIFFERENT PRACTICES. (13) OF 0.25C GRADE PLATE !,ROM SIX HEATS. {!5)(!7)

"
80r-----~-----.------.-----~

~~!~c~RADE, cJM (C, dcol)

9Ni-4Co
2 1/4 IN PLATE
70 1550F, 2 HH, WQ + -----1----- --1 0. 751N PLATE (0.25C GRADE)
TEMPER 2 + 2 IIR 1500F, 30 MIN, 0Q
50 + 1000F, 2+ 211R
L T FTY,KSI
nor-----~----~~~--+---~ e o KILLED AIR 183
A a KILLED Alit+ CVM 185 C1
_J_-~18~2;..::=!====~
50 1----+-1
I/ --/1-----l-----l
IE CHAHTV
40 Cl CVM (C dcox)

40r-----1-----4------+----~

~t::::~
3or----~~OE~~~---~---~

10 r-----~~~0~~~-----r----__,

20r---~----~~___,~--4----~ IE CHARPY V

10 ~ L
T

'---
0

ST
0
l>
TE~IPEH

1000F
1050F
0

FTY KSI
184
176
FIG. 3. 03311
L-------~------~------~----~
0-200
-100 0
TEMPERATUR E - F
100

EFFECT OF TEMPERA TUitE l)N TilE IMPACT

PROPERTIES OF 0.25C CRADF; 3/4 INCH PLATE
MELTED BY DIFFERENT PR..CTICES.
20(;

(13)
OL-----------~----~----~
-200 -100 100 200
TEMPERATU RE- F

FIG. 3. 0339 E~"FECT OF TEST TEMPERATUR E ON

... , ...,
THE IMPACT STRENGTH OF 0.25C
GRADE PLATE TESTED IN SEVERAL
DIRECTIONS. (16)

CODE 1221
PAGE C 1971, Bclfour Stulen, Inc.
 liE.VISE.[): MARCH 1971 rt:.t"t;t"<UU::> ALLUT::>

\ ;
.----.....--or--r----.----.---.....-----, r - - - - - - ,
-/ 260
9NI-4Co
CVM (C, dcox)
I I 5000
Fe !
-!-----~-
1/2 IN TO 1 IN PLATE
0.30C GRADE
9 Ni
,.~,"
220 4000 1650F, 1 HH, WQ + 1550F, 1 HR, W<l

!il
:.:
1525F, 30 MIN, Q
+ TEMP~R, 2 HR
,.,., . I 4 Co l
Cr
1::
"'
180

1!8
T

I
/

HT
""-

OF
.........

QUENCH
FTY
-i\ E-<
"'
3000

2000 1---:--+-:=..P=--t------!-
% Mo
v
9Ni-4Co
0
6
... OIL
OIL+ 2 HR -IOOF
6

40 - 0
450F SALT, 6 IIH

A
r.
30
...
~

~
E-<
"' 20 / ~~ FIG. 3.0341 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON DYNAMIC TEAR TEST
v IE CHAHPY V ENERGY OF 0.20C GRADE CROSS HOLLED PLATE. (65,p.6)

10 I
0 400 600 BOO 1000 1200
TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE- F 180 9NI-4Co
0.30C GRADE CVM (C, dcox)
3x!lx24 IN FORGINGS
FIG. 3. 03312 EFFECT OF TEMPEIUNG TEMPEHATUHE ON
1650F, 1 HR AC + 1550F 1 HR +
IMPACT STHICNGTH OF 0. 30C GRADE PLATE
HEAT TREATED USING DIFFERENT QUENCH 160 r-~--r-2~H_R_-~1 00_F___9_50_F~(2_+_2_I_II_,t)
0
PROCEDURES. (19)

120 r - - - - + - - -
-200 0 200 400 600
TEMPERATURE - F

FIG. 3.0:151 EFFECT OF TEST TE~lPERATUHE ON

50 SHEAR STRENGTH OF 0.30C GRADE
I FORGINGS. (59,p. 128)
9NI-4Co
I/21N PLATE I
1500F, 30 ~UN, OQ + REFIUG
40 + TEMPER 2 + 2 IIR
L T 200 9NI-4Co

30
....
06 0 (-0.42C) CVM (C, dcox)} >CVM
(-0.42C) KILLED AIR*
0
0.45C GRADE CVM (C. deox)
1600F. 1 HH AC + 1500F. S</
465F. 6 IIR AC

/
...
~

1 20
~ u

?;"{S'"-.... -a_._...._
~ ~ .. IE CIIARPY V
10 7 ~- lit&.
eo 400F} I HO 0 DIE FOHGING +----+---1
AD. GOOF TEMPER TEMPERATURE

0
0 SOOF I I e
0 T
L } 3 x 9 x 21 IN

C!. ST
FORGING
AVG 2 HEATS
-100 -200 0 200 400 600
TEMPERATUIU: - F 120 ~--~---~--~--~
-200 0 200 400 600
TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3. 03313 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TilE IMPACT
STRENGTH OF 0.45C GRADE PLATE FROM TWO FIG. 3. 0352 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE
HEATS. (I) ON SHEAR STRENGTH OF 0.45C
GHADE FOHGINGS WITH llAINITIC
Coarse grain IIEAT THEATM~:NT. (59,p. 132)

CODE 1221
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1971

540r-----~----~------~----~
9Ni-4Co
Fe 0.30C GRADE CVM
(C. dcox)
9 Ni 3 x 9 x 24 IN FORGING
50U 1---7<'""""-t-- FOR HT SP.Ei FIG.
4 Co
Cr
Mo
v
420 ~~
0 ST
}AVG 3 HEATS+-----ISOO
9Ni-4Co

380 ..,
~

....."
0
.s!.
340
12

9NI-4Co J I
0. 45C GRADE CVM (C, dcox)
600 3 x 9 x 24 IN FORGING
FOR liT SEE FIGURE 3. 0352

-200 0 200 400

TEMPERATURE - F 0 a/
~60 Fanu
FIG. 3.0361 EFFECT OF TE;:-f TEMPERATURE ~ _e L ~
c/D =2
ON DF:ARING S'fRENGTII OF 0.30C 6
GRAL:E FORGINGS. (59, p. 129)
520 600
eOT
L }
AVG 3 IIEATS
;;:; OsT
0 "
..... 480 560
.s!.

/
440 520

~ Fanv/
-o _..... c/D =2

400 480

;n
...;
440 0
....."
~BR~ ~ .s!.

6 ~
I 400
\c/D=l.5

' t>Y
FBRY
t 360
0

320
-200 0 200 400 600
TEMPERATURE - F

FIG. 3. 0362 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERA TURF.

ON BEARING STRENGTH OF 0.45C
GRADE FORGINGS. (59,p.l33)
 . - ~-. --- ,...., ..... '-.....,' .,}

lJ 320
36()
9Ni-1C o
0.45C GRADE CVM (C, deox) Fe
(0. lllllo) 9 x 9 i-'ORGINGS
280
340 1450F, 30 !IIIN, SQ 450F. 6 HR + 700F.2 + 2 HR 9 Ni
L T D.IN EXPOSURE
4 Co
240
300 c:.
. 0 1.12
2.75
2.75
NONE Cr
l. 12
Mo
200 v
260

9Ni-4 Co

~ 220

180
Aoo} .
80
1 140

r 0. 002 MAX
40
L---1~o-o-----~~o-o------2~o~o-------~~oo~----~o-
----~~oo 100
TEMPE RATUR E - F -200 0 600 800

FIG. 3. 03711 EFFEC T OF TEST TEMPE HATUR E ON NOTCH

PROPE RTIES OF 0. 25C GRADE SHEET . (30) FIG. 3.03713 EFFEC T OF TEST TEMPE RATUR E AND
ELEVA TED TEMPE RATUR E EXPOSURE
ON THE CRACK STRENGTH OF 0.45C
GRADE FORGINGS. (14)

300

9Ni-!C o
9Ni-4C o
9 x 9 IN FORGING .,
0.45C (C, deox) L
CVM (C, dcox) + CVM
4 x 12 IN FORGING (-0.38C ) 1450F, 30 MIN, SQ
260 450F, 6 HR
240 1550F, 1 IIR, 0Q + 1 HR, -108F +
..._, +700F, 2+211R
TEMPE R 2 + 2 HR
...............
......... 220
FTY-.. ..., L
200 1------t-~"-----""t------
-l
RT -65F
0
180

fjj
:.:
140
120

W,IN
3
SOL- ------ .______ _ ~------~ 6
400 500 GOO 700 9
TEMPE RING TEMPE RATUR E- F
0 200 400 600 800
FIG. 3.03712 EFFEC T OF TEMPE RING TEMPERATURE TEMPE RATUR E - F
ON THE CRACK Sl'RENGTH OF 0.38C
FORGING AT ROOM AND LOW TEMPE RATUR FIG. 3.03714 EFFEC T OF TEST TEMPE RATUR E ON THE
E. CRACK STRENGTH OF 0.45C GRADE PLATE
(4) OF SEVERAL THICKNESSES. (14)

e 1971, llelfour Stulen, Inc.

t-eUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1971

l
Fe 9Ni-4Co 9NI-4Co I
CVM (C, deox) + CVM 0.45C GRADE CVM (C.deox)
260
0.075 IN SHEET (0.42C) 0.095 IN SHEET ~
9 Ni 1450F OQ + TE!IIPER (1 + 1 HR)
300 1500F, 1 HR, 0Q + 1 HR.
4 Co -3201-' + TEMPER 1 + 1 IIR . j GOOF.TE!IIPER
220
Cr I I __.-/" FTY-

Mo --4oOF
v
) {~
180
1r/4r-
9Ni-4Co
~ 140 - CENTER CRACK SPECIMEN -
L T TEMPER

100
..
0
c.
400F
GOOF

~
GO r-
CRACK TRENGTH
100 L..--..:....;..;..;......:....:;..:..:..:...J.....:....:---1
400 GOO 800 1000
TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE - F
20
-200 -100 0 100 200
FIG. 3.03715 EFFECT OF TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE - F
TEMPERATURE ON SHARP
NOTCH STRENGTH OF 0.45C FIG. 3.0371'/ EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE
GRADE SHEET AT ROOM AND ON CRACK STRENGTH OF 0.45C
LOW TEMPERATURE. (7) GRADE SHEET. (63, Table 1GA)

.....
22or----~---~----.----.----,

300 ~9N~i~-4~c=o-r----~-----r------, 9Ni-4Co I

0. 25C CVM (C, deox)
I
0.45C GRADE CVM (C, deox) 200 3 INCH FORGED PLATE ----1-------1-----1
0. 20 IN SHEET 1550F, 2 HR WQ + 1000F, 2 + 2 llR
1500F, 30 MIN, 0Q + REF +
260 TEMPER 2 + 2 IIR - + - - - l c;;
:;: 180 1-----+------t-FTY -r---,_

220 e RT
0 -llOF
~~~~------~-------+1--------~------~------~

120 ~-----.--+f-""'='"-r~ .. ..
100~---+--

1011--T----t- CENTER CRACK SPECIMEN

\ f ~~J T5
6oL_ _l__-=:.:::=:::::=:;::::::__j
400 500 600 700 BOO .2
TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATURE - F :;: 6 0 F - - - - + - - -
\VOL SPECIMEN
B = 2 IN
FIG. 3.03916 EFFECT OF TEMPERING AND 11-----6.2-----1
TESTING TEMPERATURE ON THE I
CRACK STRENGTH OF 0.45C -100 -50 0 50 100 150
GRADE SHEET. (1) TEMPERATURE - F

FIG. 3.03721 INFLUENCE OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON PLANE \.

STRAIN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF 0.25C GRADE
FORGED PLATE. (55, Table 3)
 FeUH
REVISED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

i .
'.._/ 200
9Ni-4Co I I Fe
0.20C GRADE CVM (C,dcox)
1/2 INCH PLATE
!GOOF, 1 HR AC + 1550F, 1/2 HR 0Q + 9 Ni
160
lOOOF (2 + 2 HR) AC
4 Co
RT FTY = 185 KSI
--.. 1--. Cr
120
fil ~ 900F Mo
:.:
~. v
gs
80
-:.- 1--- I "~ 9Ni-4Co
~
f-<
en
~OOOF 2000
40 9Ni-4Co I I
...........
0.20C GRADE CVM (C, dcox)
1000 2 IN PLATE
!GOOF, 2 HR AC + 1550F
0 2 HR OQ + l050F (2 +2 IIR)
10 50 100 500 I 000 2000 GOO /
TIME -HOURS
400 I - FTU
I
=19G KSI 1/ I I /
FIG. 3. 041 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR 0. 20C GRADE
1/2 INCH PLATE. (57,p.41) "'
t>l
....
200
F.fY =184 KSI
/~/,1
tJ
>< ~7l77D.P=PMAX-
tJ =
19,000 LBS
0
0
~ 100 ;! I SCATTER BANDS -

60 1-
I/! - - ASTMSEA -

40 I rl/ ---WATER
--- -
20
V;j r?' I
_ _ !'-lR
I
1 I
/;l1;/ /
FOH SPECIMEN SEE FIGURE
3. 03721

/;/ v
10

6 -
II// --

2
20 40 GO 100 200
STRESS IN n;NSifY RANGE C.K = KSI"\fi"N

FIG. :1.052 FATIGUE CRACK GROWTJI HATE OF 0.20C GRADE

PLATE IN AlH AND SEA WATEH. (80, Fig. 9)

1 IN

I
~=1

to'1 to 5 toG
CYCLES TO FAILURE

FIG. 3.051 8-N CURVES FOR SMOOTH AND NOTCH SPECIMENS OF

0.20 C GRADE PI.ATE. (75, Figs. 3 to 5)
~
~,
~;\
FeUH
''

FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1971

~400~-----------,------~---------,-------------,

Fe ~
9NI-4Co
..:1 1
0.25C GRADE CVM (C, DEOX) 2 IN PLAT!;;
9 Ni 1600F, 2 HR AC + 1550F, 2 I!R 0Q + 1050F (2+2 I!R)
g200~----------~-------~----~~-;~----~~--~
4 Co ~ FTU = 188 KSI
gj FTY = 181 KSI
Cr "'
~ 100 WR DIRECTION +--------h'-=-"'-:=--1""'~----------t
Mo
::'l Klc = 112 KSIIfiN
v ~ 60~~--------~----~~-~~~~-------------;

~ 40~-----------~--~~~-~~---;-------------;
9Ni-4Co
Cii
:>::
f:'
~
0 20
Q:;
0
~ 0 P = PMAX = 19000 LBS
tJ
Cii 10 1---------r-=-=1~--FOR SPECIMEN SEE FIGURE 3.03721
tJ

4
20 40 60 100 200
STRESS INTENSITY RANGEOK - KSI~
FIG. 3.053 FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATE OF 0.25C GRADE PLATE
IN AIR AND SEA WATER. (BO, Fig. 8)

9N!-4Co
0. 25C GRADE CVM (C, deox)
liN PLATE
1600F, 1 HR AC + 1500F,
1000F, (2 + 2 HR) AC

5 cpm

,,
"'lz

mf
[ " " = 0.5

?B=0.5
CANTILEVE R BEND SPECIMEN
0. 025 IN SIDE GROOVES x 45. 0. 01 IN RAD

FIG. 3.055 FATIGUE CRACK GHOWTH RATE AS FUNCTION

OF STRESS INTENSTT'" RA Nr..F: 10'nn n .,r;:r ~n" nl:"
 FeUH
REVISED: MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

200
9Nl-1Co ~ 1
0.25C GRADE CVl\1 (C,dcox) II Fe
1/2 IN PLATE
1700F. I HR AC + 1550F. I HR \\'Q + 9 Ni

;:r-,,
lOOOF. (2 + 2 fiR) AC
lGO 4 Co
\ r-NOTEMPERI I Cr
9Nl-4Co ~--<......._J FTU = 261 KSI Mo
0.25C GRADE CVM (C, DEOX)
1 IN PLATE
MILL H.T. TO
FTY = 180 KSI
120
FTJ = 203 KSI

I
?j
I
- K1 = 1 _ i - -
v
9Ni-4Co
80
1- ROTATING BEAM R = -I
5 CPM

-........ i" _... ........ ..._

---=:- - K1 = 3

~---- - j
FTu..,200 KSI

40
- -t- -
5 6
o e STRAIGHT ROLLED 10 10
0 II CROSS ROLLED CYCLES TO FAILURE

FIG. 3. 057 S- N CURVES FOR SMOOTH AND NOTCH SPECIMENS m

0. 25C GRADE 1/2 INCH PLATE. (22)(75. Figs. 7. 11 & 12)

~
..:l
()
><
()

~ 1011-----~f-+---tr-+-------t---l
:>::
()
25
0
8;;;;

D 1/16 WIDE BY
1/16
DEEP
j
=t=
1/4 NOTCH
DT 1
2 1/2

2 1/4 R

B}~D)
SURFACE NOTCHED FLEXURE SPECIMEN STRAINS
MEASURED BY FOIL GAGE ON TEST SECTION
AHEAD OF FATIGUE CRACK 9Ni-4Co
1r3 10-2 30 BAH
TOTAL STRAIN RANGE

FIG. 3.056 FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATE FOR 0.25C GHADE

PLATE IN Affi AND SALT SOLUTION. (54, p. 45)(78) 28
... .
gj
~
I E (DYNAMIC)
I I
0 0 0.25C}
0
.a.0.30C 1500F, 30 MIN, WQ + TEMPEH
~ 2 + 2 HH
26 - e 0.45C
II 0.45C- AUSTEMPEH 465F, 8 fir'(+
I I
465F. 2 + 2 HH I
0 200 400 GOO 800 1000
TEMPEIUNG TEMPERATUHE - F

FIG. 3. 0621 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON

MODULUS OF ELASTICITY. (15)
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED= MARCH 1971

9Nl-4Co I
Fe 240 liN THICK
5:1 UPSET PANCAKE FORGING
9 Ni 1500F. 1 HR, 0Q + 1000F. 2 + 2 HR
RADIAL TESTS
4 Co
220
Cr
FTU.:/1
0
Mo
v 200 - .. FTY
~

9Ni-4Co 34
~
-
v-
-
'""

30
- t::::::::::~ 9Nl-4Co
0.30C GRADE CVM

::::::--..._
(C,deox)
j_ 180
e (0.27C) KILLED Affi
o (0.28C) KILLED AIR+ CVM
.a. (0.25C) CVM (C, deox)
E (DYNAMIC) -.....::::: ..... 160

-1550F, 11lR, 0Q + 1000F, 2 + 2 I!R ~

- -1550F, 1 HR, SQ 450F, 6 HR + 1000F, 1 IIR 140
g 26
;:: 80

22 60
0 200 400 600 BOO 1000 1200
TEMPERATURE - F -
E-o
FIG. 3.0622 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON YOUNG'S z RA
~
MODULUS (DYNAMIC). (15) 0
ll:
~
p..
40
20
.-
n. ..
...,
...
e

10
1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
FINISJflNG TEMPERATURE - F

FIG. 4. 0141 EFFECT OF FINISH FORGING

TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF 0. 25C GRADE
FORGINGS MELTED BY DIFFERENT
PRACTICES. (11)

9N1-4Co I I
30 8 IN THICK BILLET, FORGING
1475F, 1 HR, 0Q + 2 HR -llOF + [
475F, 2 + 2 HR OR !475F, 1 IIR, SQ 485~. 6 HR
T
9Nt-4Co
0.30C GRADE, CVM (C, deox) -65F
34 20
'q 3 x 9 x 24 IN FORGINGS

30 " 10
BAINITE

KILLEb KILLED AIR CVM

AIR +CVM (C,deox)
QANDT 0 0 ll
FTu (RT) = 230 KSI
26 FTY -KSI 256 255 245 -
~
0
0
- - T,ENSION
- - 0 COMPRESSION
I BAINITE
FTY -KSI

212

210
...
217
~
22 20 I
IE Cli~PY V
-200 0 200 400 GOO ~ _I 00
TEMPERATURE - F :::: "CD0
10
Q AND T (TEMPERED
FIG. 3.0624 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON I I MARTENSITE)
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY IN 20
0 40 GO 80 100
TENSION AND COMPRESSION FOR
0.30C GRADE FORGINGS. (59.p.124-127)
FORGING REDUCTION - PERCENT
...
FIG. 4. 0142 EFFECT OF FORGING REDUCTION ON -65F
TRANSVERSE IMPACT STRENGTH OF TEMPERED
MARTENSITE AND BAINITE OF 0. 45C GRADE
tJ
MELTED BY DIFFERENT PRACTICES. (12)
~~ FeUH
~.
FERROUS ALLOYS

I
REVISED: MARCH 1971

lI Fe
9 Ni
I 360 r9~N7.1-~~C~o-r------.------r------,
4 Co
Cr
1 IN THICK
5:1 UPSET PANCAKE FORGING Mo
1475F, 1 HR, OQ + 2 HR -100F +
400F, 2 + 2 HR
v
I 9Ni-4Co

300

260

60 ~-.~~~~~~~-+-----4
0

i
80
9NI-1Co T I
1550F, 1 IIR, OQ + 1000F, 2 2 HR
~ 4 OR 6 IN BILLEITS
GO
I I -65F
OL-.----J------J------1.---~ IE CIIAHPY- V
1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
FINJSIIING TEMPERATURE - F ...
40
FlG. 4.0143 EFFECT OF FINISH FOHGING
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF 0.45C GRADE n
0
FORGINGS, MELTED BY DIFFERENT
PRACTICES. (11)
t: 20

0
(0. 27C) KILLED Affi (FTU"" 202 KSI)
(0. 28C) KILLED All!+ CVM(FTU <=::205 KSI)
0 - (Oi25C) CVMf (C,deox)(TU""I9r KSI) -

0 20 40 60 80 100
FORGING REDUCTION- PERCENT

FlG. 4. 0144 EFFECT OF FORGING REDUCTION ON

TRANSVERSE IMPACT STRENGTH OF
0.2SC GRADE FO!lGINGS MELTED BY
DIFFERENT PRACTICES. (12)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1971

Fe
70
r-'V 9NI-4Co .I I _I I I L
0.25C GRADE CVM (C, DEOX)
1/2 IN PLATE (0.21C)
9 Ni 60 1-- -lGOOF, 1 IIR WQ + 1550F, 1 HR WQ + lOOOF (2 + 2 HR) -
u
4 Co r::: WQ +SIMULATED WELD CYCLE+ POST WELD TREAT

Cr "'"'zw
Cl 50 1--
Mo :r:~
v ~~0~~--+--4~-L~
40 1-- - - ! - - - - + - - - - - + POST WELD TREATMENT -1----1
9Ni-4Co NONE
0 950F, 5 HR AC
& lOOOF, 5 HR AC
1-- ~~-----+------r------r-----1------+-----~40

1--

1--
IE CHARPY VAT OF

J
8~~-~2~0-0----1~4-00-----1~6-00-----1~8-00----2-00L0I -----22~0~0----2~40~0
PEAK TEMPERATUR E - F

FIG. 4.0313 IMPACT ENERGY AND HARDNESS AS FUNCTION 01' PEAK

TEMPERATUR E PRODUCED BY SIMULATED WELDING 9NI-4Co
300 -t--+--+0. 20C GRADE CVM (C,deox) -+-----1
CYCLE (0.25C, 1/2 IN PLATE, 47,000 JOULES PER INCH).
1 IN PLATE
(71, Table 5)
COLD WIRE GTA WELD
SEE TABLE 4.0311

200
~
FOR SPECIMEN SEE FIG.
W=2IN B=.96IN
=
Ao 1 IN Bn=. 86 IN
CRACK AT WELD CENTERLINE & PROPAGAT!N
. IN WELD DIRECTION -

1000 1(\000
HOURS

FIG. ~.0315 DELAYED FAILURE OF e. 20C GRADE PLATE GTA

WELD IN SEA WATER. (73, Tnble F)
v
/I
9NI-4Co I I ---..
-- 0.20C GRADE CVM (C, DEOX)
liN PLATE
1650F, 1 HR AC + 1550F, 1 HR WQ + lOOOF (2 + 2 UR)
WQ + SIMULATJED WELD JCYCLE
50 r-
I
1E CHARPY VAT OF
I

v
1-

30
80 ~
Lv
1200 1400 1600
---...... f"--
1800 2000
__....
2200 2400
PEAK TEMPERATU RE- F

FIG. 4.0314 IMPACT ENE!!GY AND HARDNESS AS A FUNCTION OF PEAK .~~

TEMPERATU RE PRODUCED BY SIMULATED WELDING CYCLE '~1j.
(0.20C, 1/2 IN PLATE, 47,000 JOULES PER INCH). (73, Table 10)
'u
REVISED: MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
~
~
r
! .J\
9Ni-4Co I I
! ..

I Fe
0.25C GRADE CVM (C,deox) ._

300 1- 1 IN PLATE (0.21C) ~

9
~
!GOOF, 1 HR, WQ + l550F, l HR WQ + 1000F (2 + 2 HR) WQ + Ni
I GTA WELD (9Ni-4Co-0.27C + 0.18SI) 250F, MAX INTERPASS, ARGON
'
I SHIELD 4 Co
ti.i
:.:
I
ti.i
:.: Cr

6::---+------
200 0 ti- 100
rn :.:- Mo
rn
~
c:: o ASTM SEA WATER 0
Q
~ v
!'-<
rn o- ::3
!'-< 100 - FOR SPECIMEN SEE FIGURE 2.0323 (B = 0.83 B, = 0. 75) 50 0.
0.
9Ni-4Co
~
z I o- <
CRACK AT WELD CENTER
AND PROPAGATING IN WELDING DIRECTION I ...J
:s!'-<
0
0
_j\
v
10
I
20 40
I I 60 100
I 200 400 600
0
~

TIME TO FAILURE - HOURS

FIG. 4.0316 DELAYED FAILURE OF 0.25C GRADE PLATE GTA WELD IN AIR AND
SEA WATER. (70,p.32) (72)

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 11:.1\1\VU ;::)
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(December 30, 1968).
76. Groeneveld, T. P., et al, "lllgh Strength Steel 9Nl-4Co'!
DMIC Processes and Properties Handbook, Battelle
Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, (1969).
77. Crooker, T.W, et nl, "Fatigue Crack Propagation ancl
Plane Strain Fracture Toughness Charactorls tlcs of a
9NI-4Co-O. 25C Steel'', Trans. ASM Vol. 61, (1968),
p. 568.
78. Crooker, T:W. and Lange, E.A., "Corrosion Fatigue
Crack Propagation In Modern lllgh Performanc e Struc-
tural Steels", Trans. ASM Vol. 60, (1967), p. 198.
79. Mostovoy, S., et al, "A Note on Stress Corrosion
Cracking Rates", Engineering Fracture Mechanics 1969,
(to be published).
80. Clark, W.G., Jr. and Wessel, E.T., ''Influence of
a Synthetic Sen Water Environmen t on the Fracture
 REVISED: MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

Behavior of HP 9-4-25 and HP 9-4-20 Alloy Steels",

ASTM STP 445 Materials Performance and the Deep
Sen, (1969), p. 93. Fe i
81. Ault. R. T., Republic Steel Research Center, Private
Communicatio n with W.F. Brown, Jr., (1970). 9 Ni
82. Savas, J., Becker, P.C. and Matns, S.J., "Develop-
ment of a 180 ksl Yield Strength Stress Relievable 4 Co
9NI-4Co Filler Metal Composition", Welding Journal,
(November 1969). Cr
83. AMS 6546A (May 1, 1968).
84. AMD 65CE (May 1, 1968). Mo
85. AMS 6542A (May 1, 1968).
86. Manufacturing Process Development for High Strength v
Stel'!ls, AFML TR 66-340, (December 1966).

9Ni-4Co

ADDITIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Blocksidge, A.B. and Matns. S. J. "Stress Corrosion

Susccptlblllty of DGAC and HP 9-4-25 Steels -A Pre-
liminary Literature Survey", TR 12018, Republic Steel
Research Center, (July 22, 1960).
2. Benjamin, W.O. and Steigerwald, E.A., "Stress
Corrosion Cracking Mechanisms In Mnrtensltlc 111gb
Strength Steels", AFML TR 67-98, TRW Equipment
Laboratories, AF Contract AF33(615)-365 1, (April 1967).
3. Kalish, D. and Kulln, S. A., "Coupling of Ultrahigh
Strength and Fracture Toughness In Steels by Means of
Thermo Mechanical Processes", AFML TR-67-115,
Man Labs, AF Contract AF33(615)-343 8, (May 1967).
4. Dabkowski, D.S. and Porter, L.F., "Effect of Alumi-
num, Carbon and Nitrogen on the Properties of 9NI-4Co-
1Mo-Al Steel", U.S. Steel Corporation. Report
3!1. 018-007(6), Navy Contract NObs-94535(F BM),
(January 1, 1967).
5. Porter, L.F., Rathbone. A.M. and Rolfe. S.T . "First
Progress Report: Development of an Hy 180/210 Weld-
mont", U.S. Steel Corporation, Report 39.018-007(8) .
Navy Contract NObs-94535(F BM), (January 1, 1967).
6. "Explosion Bulge Testing of Republic HP 9-4-25",
Republic Steel Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, (1969).
7. "Explosion Bulge Testing of Republic HP 9-4-25",
Republic Steel Corporation. Special Metals Division,
Cleveland, Ohio.
8. Bubsey, R.F. and Brown, W.F .. Jr., "Crack Tough-
ness Characteristic s of Several Alloys for Use In Heavy
Scctlono of High Speed Aircraft", NASA TN 04998,
(January 1969).
 MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GENERAL respect. Long dwell times L, the temperature r1111ge

Th1s Is a relatively new marag!Dg steel that was devel- between 1300 and !400P can produce embrlttlement and Fe
oped to bave superior fractUre tougluless aDd weldabllity should be avoided, lbe touglmess Is reduced In the
In thicknesses up to 4 Inches, at yield stteugth levels presence of sea water with the deleterious effect being 12 Ni
betvoeen 180 md 200 leal. Like Olber steels of this class more pronounced for welds than for parent metal (see
It Is hardened by a simple ag!Dg treatment followiDg Pigs. 2.0311 and 4.031). 5 Cr
annealing. l'otentlal appUcstlons Include large pressure Variations In the ag!Dg temperature for times between
vessels and hea"Y strUctural members. While a number 5 and 16 bcura have only a stnnll effect on the aged 3 Mo
of production beats bave been evnluated,only a limited leDSlle properties (sec Fig, 3. 0218). This Dlloy Is less
amount of datn Is avallable on fabrication and welding subject to auaten!te reversion than the IBN! Marag!Dg Ti
procedures. 'Ibe blgbest toughness Is obta!Ded by close grades and very long dmes at 900P are aeceasary to
control of the residual elements through vacuum melting produce any appreclnble austenite (see Pig. 2. 0121). AI
and selection of raw materlsls.
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Commerclsl Oeslptlon
12Ni
12Ni-5Cr-3Mo Maraglng Steel. Vascomsx 180, 2.01 lbermal Properties Moroging
2.0u Melting range
1.02 Alternate Deslptlons 2.012 Alsse changes
None. 2.0121 Bffect of agiDg time on austenite reversion, Fig. 2.0121.
2.0!3 lbermal conductivity
1.03 Specifications 2.014 lbermal expanaloo. Coefficient of.lJnear thermal ex-
None. pansion. 6.6 x 106 In per In per P, (3).
2.015 SpeeUic beat
Composltloo 2.0!6 lbermal dif(uslvlty
Table 1.04.
2.02 Other Pbyslcsl Properties
2.021 Density. 0.286 lba per eu In, 7.86 gr per eu em, (3).
TABLE 1.04 2.022 Blecttlcsl properties
Source (1)(4) (3) 2.023 Magnetic properties. Anncsled maximum permeabWty
Percent Pcrcl'nt 235, saturation Induction 17.5 kllogsuas at 2200 oersteds,
Nominal Aged permeability 300, satutatlon lnductioo 17, 5 kilogauss
Min Max
at 2150 oersteds, (3).
Aluminum 0.35 O,SO(a) 0.30 2.024 Bmlsslvlty
Carbon - 0.03 0.02 2.025 Dunplng capacity
Chromium 4.75 5.25 5.00
Manganese - 0.10 0.06
3.00
2<.03 Chemlcsl Properties
Molybdenum 2.75 3.25 7..031 General. This alloy Is subject to delsyed (allure In the
Nickel u.s 12.5 12.00 presence of cracks and salt water. Edge cracked notch
Alospborus - 0.010 O.OIO(c) tests In cantilever bending, (9) have been used to ln..,stf.
Sill con
Sulfur
-- 0.12
0.010
0.08
O.OIO(c)
gate the susceptlbUity to delayed !allure In the presence
of art1Ciclsl sea water, (5) or 3 1/2 percent aalt water,
Tltnnlum 0.10 0.25(b) 0.25 (10).
1be data available thua far does not permit distlngulablng
(a) Reference 4 gives 0.35 to 0.45 whether vacuum melted material is less susceptible to
(b) Reference 4 gives 0.10 to 0. 20 this eUect than air melted stock (see Pig. 2. 0311). Low
(cJ Maximum values cycle fatigue tests show Increased crack extension rates
In 3 1/2 percent salt water as compared with tests In alr,
1.05 Heat Treatment. (See also 1. 09). however, the lnfiuence ol salt In this esse Is comparable
1.051 Anneal. 1500P, 1 hour, water quench. Double annealing to that observed for low strength, (Pty 80 to ISO ksl),
!SOOP, I hour, water quench+ i400P, 1 hour. Water blgb toughness steels, (ll).
quench results In higher aged strength (compare Pigs. 2.0311 Delayed (allure curves for cracked specimens ot air and
3.0213 and 3.0214) but lower toughness. vacuum melted plate exposed to artl(lclnl sea water,
1.052 Quenching. In order to minimize embrlttlement It Ia Pig. 2.03ll.
recommended that bea11}' sectioos b> water quenched
from the ameallng temperature rather than air cooled. 2.04 Nuclear Properties
(Sec 1.09).
1.053 Aging. I to 30 hours at 900P depending on strength level 3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
desired. (See Pigs. 3. 02!5 and 3. 0216).
3.01 Specl(fed Mechanical Properties
1.06 Hardness None,
1.061 Effect of aging time on bnrdness of several thlckneaaeiJ
nf plate from one beat, Pig. 1. 061. 3.02 Mecbnnlcsl Properties at Room Temperature
3.021 Tensloo
1.07 Porms and Conditions AvaUable 3.0211 Stressstral.o diagrams
Sheet, plate, bar and forging stock. 3.0212 '!yplcsl mechanical propertleB, Table 3, 0212.
TABLE 3.0212
1. 08 Melting nnd Casting Practice Source (1)(3
1.081 Melting. Air, Induction vacuum and CVM melting Alloy Pel2NISCr-3Mo11Al
practices have been employed with w=uum melting Porm 2 to 2 In plate vacwm meltl
being preferred (or the beat combination of streagth CODciJUon Ann Ann +!!" \Ill
and toughness (see Pigs. 3.0233, 3.0333 and 3,0334). 190
Ptu, ksl 130
Attention should be giW!n tn minimizing the content of 100 180
residual elements (see Pig. 3. 0335) by selection of raw pll'
e( D),
-leal
-percent 19 16
materials combined with vacuum melting. 78 65
RA, -percent
IE, Cbarpy V-
1.09 Special Considerations ISO so
ft-lb
This alloy has very blgb tougluless with the vacuum melt-
ed material being superior to air melted stock In this (a) ISOOP, I hour, WQ+ 900P,IS to 30 hours, AC

CODE 1222
.... , PAGE
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1966

3. 0213 Effect of annealing temperature on tensile properties of Impact strength of low and high residual beat, Fu:.
Fe 3 .0214
four beats of plate, Fig. 3, 0213.
3.0337
3.0336.
l!ffect of first annealing temperature Ia double annealing .Etfect of low test temperatures on the Impact strealgth
12 Ni on tensile properties of plate, Fig. 3, 0214. of air and vacuum melted plate, Pig. 3, 0337.
~ ,0215 Effect of aglag time on tensile properties of air melt 3.034 Bending
5 Cr plate, Fig. 3.02!5. 3.035 Torsion and sbear
3.0216 Effect of aglag time on tensile properties of several 3.036 Bearing
3 Mo thicknesses of plate from one vacuum melt, Fig. 3.037 Stress concentration
3.0216. 3.0371 Notch propert!ea
Ti 3.0217 Typical tensile properties for a forged CVM billet, 3.0372 Praeture toughness
Table 3. 0217. 3.038 Combined properties
AI TABLE 3.0217 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
Source 4
12 Ni Wnv Fe12NI5Cr3MoTIAl 3.05 Fatigue Properties
I Form 8 In so blllet from 20 In dla CVM n""t See also 2. 03.
Maraging lr.nnrlltlnn ISOOF I hr AC + 900F 3 hr AC 3.051 Rotating beam fatigue strength or aged (Fty !80 ksl)
Molnn MJd radius a\ Center a plate at 107 cycles 90 lest.
Ftu lest 171 173
Pty, lest 166 168
e(40), percent 3.06 Elastic Properties
14 14
3.061 Poisson's ratio, 0.26 to 0,29, (1),
RA, percent 54 58 3.062 Static modulus. 27 to 28 x 103 lest, (1),
\) Transverse tests 3.063 Modulus of rigidity. 10.4 x IoJ ksl, (I),

3.0218 Effect of aglag temperature and time on tensile propenles 4. FABRICATION

of air and vacuum melted plate, Fig. 3,0218.
3.022 Compression 4.01 PormabUity
3.0221 Stress-strain diagrams 4.011 Forming. Annealed wide plate may be cold formed to a
3,0222 Compreslllve yield strength of aged plaa!. P1:yl89 lesl, (1), 2t radius, (3).
3.023 Impact
3.0231 l!ffect of annealing temperature on Impact strength of 4.02 Machining and Grinding
four heats of air and vacuum melted plate, Pig. 3.0231. The alloy generally machines easter in tbe annealed
3.0232 Effect of first annealing temperature In double annealing condition than 4140 at 32 RC, (3).
on Impact properties of plate, Fig. 3. 0232,
3.0233 Effect of yield strength level on Impact strength of air 4.03 Welding
and vacuum melted I Inch plate, Fig. 3. 0233, 4.031 General. This alloy can readily be welded by tbe Inert
3.024 Bending gas proceosea, bo'Never, only Umlted laboratory
3.025 Torsion and shear c:<;1erlence hss been gained as yet. It appears that the
3.0251 Torsion yield strength of aged plate,llO lest (0,001 rad. TIG process gl...,o higher toughness than tbe MIG process
per In,), (1), (see Tal>le 4,0311). Piller wires can be of the same
3.026 Bearing base composltinn as tbe parent metal except that extra
3,027 Stress concentration care should be taken to reduce tbc residual clements.
3.0271 Notch properties. See Figs, 2,031l and 4.03!3. A typical weld wire composition Ia given Ia Table 4,0312
3.0272 Fracture toughness. which shows a higher Utanlum content and a lower al-
Attempts made to cletennlne the plane strain fracture uminum content than that or the parent metal. Apparent
toughness of this steel have been unsuccessful. Large Iy excess aluminum In the filler wire can reduce tbe weld
bend specimens (up to 2 Inches thick and 6 Inches wide) toughness (sec Fig. 4. 0313), Generally no preheat Is
provided with fatigue cracles do not exhibit any distinct used and tbe aglag process Ia dependend upon to reUeve
pop !a and fracturo with considerable shear. Surface residual stresses. On the basis of experience with
crack specimen one onch thick (see Pig. 4, 0313) with aubarc welds Ia the I8NI Corade this process can not be
cracles having an a/Q 0. 32 fall at net stresses near the recommended for this alloy. TIG welds appear to be
yield strength. Certainly the alloy Is very tough In Its more susceptible to delayed failure In the presence of
recommended conditions of beat treatment with Klc salt water than does the parent plate (compare Fig.
values being probably above ISO lesl 'Viii' for air melted 4,0314 with Fig. 2.0311)
plate and even higher for the vacuum melted alloy, (7)(8), 4.0311 1)rplcal mechanical properties or TIG and MIG welds,
Table 4. 0311.
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures
3.031 Tension
3.0311 Stress -strain diagrams
3,0312 Effect of test temperature on tensile propenles of air TABLE 4. 0311
melt plate, Fig, 3, 0312.
3,032 ISource (3)
Compression
3.0321 Stress-strain diagrams Aiiav Fe 12NISCr3MoTIAl
3,033 Impact Form I In Dlate, air melt
3.0331 Condition ISOOF, I hr. W +weld +900F, 3 hr, AC
Effect of aging time on room and low temperature Impact
strength of air melt plate, Pig. 3.0331. Process MIG TIG
3.0332 Ftu.,al 195 195
Effect of aging Ume on room and low temperature Impact
strength of vacuum melted plate, Pig. 3, 0332. F(;ksl 185 ISS
3.0333 BHect of aging temperature on low temperature impact e !In)% 12 14
otrength of air and vacuum melted plate, Fig. 3. 0333. RA 40 so
3.0334 Charpy V ft-1 b
Effec:t ol yield strength level on room and low tempera
RT 20 30
ture Impact strength of air and vacuum melted 2 Inch
plate, Plg. 3.0334, OF 15 25
3,0335 l!ffect of thickness on low temperature Impact strength
rl air and vacuum melted plate aged to Fty 178 to 183
tal, Ft 11 3. 0335.
3.0336 l!ff~ct of yield strength level on the low temperature

CODE 1222
PAGE 2
 MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS

4.0312 'typical composition of TIG filler wire, Table 4. 03!2. 60

Fe12NlSCr3MoTlAI
TABLE 4 n3 2 PLATE IND VAC MELT Fe
1SOOF, 1 Hn, WQ
Source 13
+AGE 900F WO- 12 Ni
'PPTr~n so
Aluminum O.IS 5 Cr
Carbon 0.009
RC
3 Mo

r
Chromium s.o 0
Manganese 0.08
Molybdenum 2.98 Ti
Nickel 11.90
Phosphorus o.oos AI
Silicon o.os 30
Sulfur
ntanlum ~-~3 THICKNESS
e 1/2 IN 12 Ni
4.0313 Notch strength of surface crack specimens of air and 20
0I:
A2
Maroging
vacuum melted TIG welded plate using filler wire of 0 s 10 IS 20 2S 30
base metal composition but with different titanium and AGE TIME- HR
aluminum contents, Fig. 4. 03!3.
4.0314 Delayed failure curves for cracked TIG welds exposed to FIG. 1.061 EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON HARDNESS OF SEVERAL
anlflclal sea water, Fig. 4. 0314. THICKNESSES OF PLATE FROM ONE HEAT (2)

4. 04 Heat Treatment

4. OS Surface Treatment

1.0

0.2
CANTILEVER SPBCIMEN
NOTCH FATIGUE CRACKED TER AG
SIDE GROOVED 0.1 IN DEBP WITH 0.011N RADIUS

0
10 100 1000 10,000
RUI'1l1RB TIME - HR
AGE TIME HR FIG. 2.0311 OEI.AYBD FAILURE CIJRVES FOR CRACKBD SPBCIMENSOF
FIG. 2. 0121 EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON AUSI"BNITE AIR AND VACUUM MBLTED PLATE BXroSED TO ARTIFICIAL
REVERSION (7) SEA WATER (S)

CODE 1222 I
PAGE 3 I
 ----- ~-._....,,w MAtH,.t11~66

240
Fe FeI2NI 5Cr3M oTIAI
PLATE
12 Ni ANN, I HR, AC
+AGE 9 OF, AC
5 Cr
200
--r------- 1----- - --- - - - 240

3 Mo FTU

Ti
AI
160

-
- - . -- --- ..

I
. --r---- - - 200

i2 T I
120 - - - FTY
12 Ni :> I - ----
...
1- L,T T
Moroging
80 ..
0 "
IND VAC, 1/2 IN, AGE 30 llR (2)
CVM}
AIR II IN, AGE 3 fiR (I)
120

I
40
HO

-r-
80
I
I RA

60

40
:
I II
...
'
I
-- I
I
--

20 '
'e(l IN) I

' .h i
~

e(40)
10 I
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1400 2000
ANNEALING TEMP F
FIG. 3,0213 EFFilCT OF ANNF.ALING TF.MPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF FOUR IIEATS OF PLATE
(1)(2)

240
FeI2Ni- SCrJMo TIAI
PLATE
J
ANN, I HR, AC
1400F I IIR, AC + GE 900F AC
200 --
( 240
"Tu
i!J
160 -- !-
...~
200

I
l
F
TY
120
L,T T
- ----1-- --- - 160
...1::
0
IND VAC,I /2 IN, AGE 30 IIR
CVM,I IN,AGE 10 HR
80
120

1-
z
w 60
I RA

u 20
a:
w i e(l IN)
""
r(-10)
0
1500 1600 1700 1800 1400 2000
ANNEALING TEMP F
FIG. 3.0214 F.FFECT OF FIRST ANNEALING TEMPER ATURE
IN DOUBLE ANNEALING ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF PLATE (I )(2)

CODE 1222
PAGE 4
 FeUH
MARCH 1966 FERRO US ALLOYS

'II
','(~y 240 Fe
Fe12N15Cr JMoTIAI
PLATE, AIR MELT 12 Ni
ISOOF, I HR, WQ
+AGE90 F WQ. Cr
200 240 5
)....----

1r
FTU
3 Mo
160 200 Ti

.
iii
i:! 120
:r t,....--
FTY

- 160
fil.
(:
12 Ni
AI

"' L,T
0 "' Maraging
I IN} PLATE
80
21N
I20

40 80
80

ln Q
60
z"" RA L T
"'
u
c:
0
A
0
6.
I IN) PLATE
2 IN
..."' 40
20

~
e(I IN)
10
0 10 IS 20 25 30

AGE TIME~ HR
FIG. 3,0215 EFFECT OF AGING TIME 01': TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
AIR MELT PLATE ' (3)

240
',.. FeI2Ni5Cr 3Mo-TIAl
PLATE, !NO VAC MELT
ISOOF, I HR, WQ
200 +AGE 90 F WO 240

rI
1 ......

FTU
[ij160 200 iii
~
i:! No. (:
~
FTY
"' 120 160 "'

I L,T

THICK
1/2 INCH
0 liNCH
80 ... 2 INCH
120

40
80

\..,
RA
.
.......-
""u"'
z
60 e(UN}
c: 20
"'... 1 ....

0
,. 0 10 IS 20 25 30
AGE TIME HR
FIG, 3,0216 EFI1 ECT OF AGING TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
SEVERAL THICKNESSES OP PI..\Tf:: FnOM ONB VACUUM
MELT (2)

CODE 1222
PAGE !5
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1966

240

12
Fe
Ni
I
FedNi5Cr3MoTiAl
PLATE
1500F, : HR, WQ
AGE, 0
100
FeI2NI5Cr3MoTIAI
PLATE
ANN I HR, WQ OR AC
200 80 + 1400F, I HR, WQ OR AC
5 Cr Fro g +AGE 900F, WQ OR AC

3 Mo
!il160
Ti :..: 60

AI
120
-
Fn
- ~ IE ~HARPY V

12 Ni 40
I
L T
Maraging
80
0 IND VAC 1/2 IN, AGE 30 HR
WQ FROM ANN AND AGE TEMP F

. RA

20
CVM I IN, AGE 10 HR,
AC FROM ANN AND AGE TEMP F
~

60 FOR FTY SEE FIG. 3. 0214.

L T AGE 0

0
[J
16 H~1/2 IN PLATE
5 HR IND VAC
1500 1600 1700
ANNEALING TEMP F
1800 1900 2000

~ 40 f- 4 .t. 5 HR 1INPLATE _
AIR MELT FIG. 3. 0232 EFFECT OF FIRST ANNEALING TEMPERATURE
i!! IN DOUBLE ANNEALING ON IMPACT PROPERTIES
OF PLATE (1)(2)
20
f.D/l8
.,.
e(liiN)
0
800 850 900 950 1000
AGE TEMPF
FIG, 3, 0218 EFFECT OF AGU>IG TEMPERATURE
AND TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF AIR AND VACUUM MELTED PLATE
(7)

120
Fe12Ni:fCr-3MoTIAl I
1 IN PLATE
1500F, 1 HR, WQ or AC
100 + 900F, 1 TO 30 HR, WQ or AC
Fei2NJ5Cr3MoTIAI 100 T
PLATE
-~
80
ANN, I HR, WQ OR AC
+AGE 910F, WO OR AC I 80 ......

:3 60 v- -,_ tb
t:---- ~
--
~ ~
~...--..- ~
!--
"' - - IE CHARPY V IE CHARPY V --~ 0
~-
I I
40 1-L T 40

'-u;;;:
~-[J
0 AIR MEL1
[J I IN, AGE 3 HR. AC
CVM
,. A CVM
FROM ANN AND AGE TEMP F
20 v IND VAC 1/2 IN, AGE 30 HR, WQ FROM
ANN AND AGE TEMP F (2)
20
AIR
0
A
v:c
A
1200 LB MELT AC(l)
AC(1) }
0 WQ( 2 )(3 ) PROD. MELT
FOR FTY SEE FIG.3.0213
0 0 I I I
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 150 160 170 180 190 200 ~o
ANNEALING TEMP F FTY KSI
FIG. 3.0231 EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON IMPACT FIG, 3,0233 EFFECT OF YIELD STRBNG1ll LEVEL ON IMPACT
STRENGTH OF FOUR HEATS OF AIR AND VACUUM STRENG1ll OF AIR AND VACUUM MELTED I IN PLATE
MELTED PLATE (1)(2) (1)(2)(3)

CODE 1222
PAGE 6
 MARCH1966 FERROUS ALLOYS FeUH

(_) 240
Fe12Ni5Cr-3M o-n-Al 120
Fe12N15Cr3Mo IAl
1 IN PLATE, AIR MELT
I IN PLATE AND VAC MELT Fe
1500F, 1 HR,AC
1500F, 1 HR, WQ
200
-t900F, 3 R, AC
+AGE F, W
12 Ni
240 100
............ T
L T 5 Cr

~ 160 t--
1'-- r--- 200 "'
...;j
0 RT
1:>. OF 3 Mo
80
~

''~ --- ~r-....

Fro
f-< Ti
~ li!
"'

""
:..: AI
"' 120 160
60
"\ i: 12Ni
FTY' "' FOR FTY SEE FIG. 3.0215 Moroging
80 120 40

40
~ 0 5 10 15
AGING TIME HR
20 25 30

v
80 80 FIG. 3.0332 EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON ROOM AND LOW TEMPERA
TURE IMPACT STRENGTH OF VACUUM MELTED PLATE
RA (3)
~60
t..l
a:
!l!
-
40
20
e(4D)

10
~
~
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TBMPF
FIG. 3.0312 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIBS OF AIR MELT PLATE ( 1)

120
Fe-12NI-5Cr-3M o-n-Al
1500F, 1 HR, WC
+AGE, WQ ,......
100

!20
FeI2Ni-5Cr3Mo TiAl
I IN PLATE, AIR MELT
1500F, I HR, WQ 80
OF

__..:.., v. v

l--- 0

100
+AGE OOF WQ 1 , - - k-..C..- 1-.-
0
1-.1-
OF RT 0
--L
--- T
A
6

0
80 lB CHARPYV
"'
...;j
I
IE CHARPY V 40 -zr
~
60
L T 1E
e 0 16 HR} 1/2 IN PLATE

'*
I
20 e o
-
5 HR INn VAC
40
6
t:--r---
r-- A .U 5 HR I IN PLATE,AIR MELT

I
FOR FTY SEE FIG.3.<.l15
:~
-- 1---- 0
800
I
850 900
I
950
I
1000
20 AGE TEMPF
0 5 10 iS 20 25 30
AGING TIME HR FIG. 3.0333 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATI.IRE
ON THE LOW TEMPERATURE IMPACT
FIG. 3.0331 EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON ROOM AND LOW TEMPERA STRENGTH OF AIR AND VACUUM
TURE IMPACT STRENGTH OF AIR MELT PLATE (3) MELTED PLATE (7)

CODE 1222
PAGE 7
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1966

Fe-12NI-5Cr-3Mo -TIAI
15001', I HR, WQ OR AC
J 12
Fe-12N!-5Cr-3Mo
l/2
-n-AJ
'IO 2 IN PLATE
+AGE 9001', I TO 30 HR, WQ OR AC

~~ T

!"\. 80

IE ~HARr .'\.1'
'.
~
60
AIR VAC
tf !;:
0 1200 LB MELT, AC, RT (I)

,
6 40
RT, AC (I) }
0 RT, WQ (2) (3) PROD MELT
v 0 F, WQ (2) (3)
0
ISO !60 170 !80
l
!90 200
20
0.018C
0.059Mn
.100Si
0.001502
FTY- KSI AIR MELT
FIG. 3.0334 EFFECT OF YIELD STRENGTH LEVEL ON ROOM
AND LOW TEMPERATURE IMPACT STRENGTH 0
OF AIR AND VACUUM MELTED 2 IN PLATE 160 170 180 190 200 210
(1)(2)(3) FTY- KSI
FIG. 3.0336 EFFECT OF YIELD STRENGTH LEVEL ON
THE LOW TEMPERATURE IMPACT STRENGTH
OF LOW AND A HlGH RESIDUAL HEAT (8)

!00
Fe-12NI-5Cr-3Mo -'rtAI
PLATE
ISOOF, I HR, WQ
80 + 900F . TO 30 HF WO

IE CHARPY V OF
"'
.J
60 - ~
~401---+---+---kf-::::,....<~+----l
/).
"'
40

r---
L T
--"---
r----t-
OAIR MELT, FTY = 180-182 KSI (3)
-

20
r-- !:liND VAC MELT, FTY 178-183 1<51(2
0
0 1/2 I 1/2 2 1/2 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
THICKN;,ss - IN TEMP-F
FIG. 3.0335 EFFECT OF THICKNESS ON LOW TEMPERATURE
!MPACTSTRENGTH OF AIR AND VACUUM MELT FIG. 3. 0337 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURES ON
PLATE AGED TO FTY 178183 KSI THE IMPACT STRENGTH OF AIR AND VACUUM
(2)(3)
MELTED PLATE (7)

CODE 1222
PAGE 8
 FeUH
MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS

t'.
'
. ~'-' 280 Fe-12Ni-5Cr -3Mo-TI-Al Fe
FILLER 1 IN PLATE
A 0- 09Ti, 0. 14Al 1500F,I HR,AC 12 Ni
_B 0. 45Ti, 0. 05Al +TIGWELD
240
c 0. 42Ti, 0. 42Al +900F, 1 HR,AC 5 Cr
L
3 Mo

Vl
:.:
200
AIR MELT FTY
I -D

=200 KSI
.. ,__ ....,__ Ti
AI
CVM FTY =150 KSI
~160 r---
-- ~
~
~ 12Ni
~ 3/4TO\
t; Moroging
:I: 120 W=3 !NAIR MELT
~ =
W 4 1/2 IN CVM
0
z
80
-rw- SURFACE C.:RACK SPECIMEN
CRACKED AFTER AGING

40 1-
AIR
0

0
CVM

&

l:J.
WELD
HAZ
1
CRAC K LOCATIQt
PARENT METAL
FILLER A

WELD cj: FILLER B

'V _l_
HAZ
_WELD cf FTI .P.R r.
0 0,25 0.3 0,35 0.4
0.1 J.15 0.2

a/Q
FIG. 4. 0313 NOTCH STRENGTH OF SURFACE CRACK SPECIMENS OF AIR AND
VACUUM MELTED TIG WELDED PLATE USING FILLER WIRE OF
BASE METAL COMPOSITION BUT WITH DIFFERENT TITANIUM AND
ALUMINUM CONTENTS (12)

"'-'./

1 0 Fe-12NI-5 -3Mo-TI-Al
I IN PLATE,AIR MELT
1500F, I HR, WQ
+ 900F, 3 TO 30 HR, WQ
O. 8 + TIG WELD

TIME- HR

FIG, 4.0314 DELAYED FAILURE CURVES FOR CRACKED TIG WELDS

EXPOSED TO ARTIFICIAL SEA WATER (5)

CODE 1222
PAGE 9
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCHI966

Fe
12 Ni
5 Cr
3 Mo
Ti
AI
12Ni
Maraging

RBPBRI!NCES

Graae, A., International Nickel Co., Personal Communi

cation with W. P. Brown, Jr., (December 10, [965)
2 Dabkowski, D.S., Poner, C.P. and Loveday, G. E.,
"Evaluation of Production Plates from a Vacuum Induction
Melted 12NISCr3Mo Steel", U.S. Steel Applied Research
Laboratory,Project No. 39.018.002 (31), Navy Project
NObs 88540, Quly 1965)
3 Lightner, M. W., U.S. Steel Applied Research Laboratory,
Personal cemmunlcatlon with W. P. Brown, Jr., (1965)
4 Vanadium Alloy Steel ce .. "CVM Vascomax 180", (1965)
5 Novah, S. R. and Rolle, S, T., "Kic Stress cerroslon
Data Teats of 12N15Cr-3Mo and 18N18CC3Mo
Maraglng Steel and Weldmenta", U.S. Steel Applled
Research Laboratory, Project No. 39.0!8.002 (34), Navy
Project NObs-88540, Oanuary I, 1966)
6 Dabkowski, D.S .. Poner, C.P. and Loveday, G. E.,
"A Comparison or Vacuum Induction Melted and AJr
Melted 12N15Cr3Mo Steel", U.S. Steel Applied Research
Laboratory, Project 39,018-DD2 (36), Navy Project NObs
88540, Qanuary I, 1966)
Rolle, S. T., U, S. Steel Applied Research Laboratory
Personal Communication with W.F. Brown, Jr., Oanuary
7, 1966)
Brand, R.A. and Rolle, S. T., "Procedures Cor Deter
mining K[c for !80/210 ksl Yield Strength Steels", U. S.
Steel Applied Research Laboratory Project 40.018.002
(23), Navay Project NObs88540, (1965)
Brown, B. P., "A New Stress Corrosion Cracking Test
Procedure !or High Strength Alloys," ASTM Symposium
10 Marine Corrosion Studies, 4th Interim Repon or Progress.
NRL Metallurgy Division, to be published, (1966)
11 Crooker, T. W., Morey, R.E. and Lange, E. A., "Low
Cycle Fatigue Crack Propagation In 12 percent Maraglng
Steels", Rpt on !NCO-Navy Meeting on High Strength
Steels, NRL Metallurgy Division, (November 30, 1965)
12 Tlt!any, C. P. and Masters, J, N., "Large Motor C'.ase
Technology Evaluation", Boeing Airplane Co., Progress
Repon, COntract AP 33(615)1623, (September 1964)

CODE 1222
PAGE 10
 FERROUS ALLOYS FeUH
MARCH 1966

1. GENERAL 1.035 Specified mechanical properties

(See also FeUH Maraglng,Code 1220),
This steel is oue of the 18Ni maraglng types In wblch a
1.0351 Aerojet specified mechanical properties for plate and
!orglnga; Pty sball' tange !rotri 200 to 235 bi alter
Fe
relatively low yield strength ol approximately 200 bits
chosen because of ita accompanying blgh ductility and following beat treatment: 1475 to 1525F, 30 minutes, 18 Ni
a1r cool +880 to 900F, 2 to 8 hours. (See also AS'IM
exceptlooal toUglmess. 'Ibe alloy differs from the other
blgber strength 18Ni maraglng grades primarily In Its
Spec. A-538 -65). 8.5 Co
1.0352 Locl:heed specified mechanical properties for plate:
lower molybdenum and titanium content.
Mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range
175 bl < Pty < 200 bl, e(2 inch) 2 611\, RA .:t 4011\, Mo
Cbarpy ,V-notch Impact energy at 70F >35ft-lb.
by beat treatment and processing, and by variatioll8 In
composition within the specified limits, whlle still 1.04 Composition
Ti
falllng within the general designation of "200 Grade". 1.041 Developer's specifications for alloy composition, Table AI
'Ibe major experience to date bas been obtained with the 1.041.
materislln two major yield strength ranges; from 175 to
200 ksl, developed principally for deep submergence TABLE 1 041 18 Ni (200)
submarine applications, and from 200 to 235 bl used Source !nco 2
principally tor solid propellaot rocket motor casing Allov Fe-JSN1-8.5Co-M o-TI-Al 200 rad"'
applications. Percent
Maraging
As with other 18Ni maraglng steels, the resistance to MID Max
hydrogen embrittlement fs much superior to that of Aluminum 0.05 0.15
conventlooallow alloy steels, and Its corrosion char Boron (b) - -
-8- -
acterlstlcs are somewhat better than 4340 steel. Becaus6 Calcium (d)
of its good corrosion resistance and outstandtug fr.'lcture Carbon 0.03
touglmess It Is currently under Intensive lnvestlgati~u Cobalt 9
for such blgh performance applications as deep sub-
mergence submarines, special aircraft forginga, and
Manganese (a)
Molybdenum 3
- 0.12
3.5
large solid rocket motor casings. Data In tbls section Nickel 17 19

---
are drawn e>tenslvely from characterization evaluatlo118 lbosphorus 0.01
for the rocket motor casing applications, and must be Silicon 0.12
qualitlvelyregarde das "typlcal"results obtained thus far Sulfur 0.01
In a progrr.m of rapidly developing material technology, Titanium 0.15 0.25
Despite Its apparent deatrable feature~, care Is still
required In choice of compoattlon, beat treatment and
Zirconium (c)
Iron
- 8a ance
-
processing variables. As with other blgh strength steels, (a) Sl plus Ma combined shall be less than 0. 20 maximum
special attention must be given to the possibility of re- (b) 0. 003 added
duced fracture properties In tbe abort tr8118verae direc- (c) 0. 02 added
tion of forgings. Welding may also require special pre- (d) 0. OS added
cautions since the touglmess of tbe weld deposit may not
be as blgh as that of the parent metal, although tbls diffi- Typical producer's composition specification,
culty bas been overcome to a greater extent with tbe 200
grade ol. tbe alloy than with those of higher yield strength. Table i,042.
TABLE 1 042
Source Vasco(J
I, 01 Commercial Designations Alloy Fe-IBNi-8. 5Co-Mo-TI-AI(200)
J8NI Maragtng Steel, JBN!Co-Mo, IBN! (200) Maraglng,
18-8-3, Vascomax 200 CVM, RSM 200, Almar 18, 200CVM
Percent desired
Aluminum 0.10
1.02 Alternate Designations
Boron 0.003
),03 Carbon 0.03 max
SpecltlcaUona
Cobalt 8.50
1.031 Producer heat treatment specification, Manganese 0.10 max
1.0311 Aerojet solution treatment specifications for plate and !Molybdenum 3.25
forging. 1475-1525F for not leas than 1 hour. For Nickel
plates orforglngs greater than 1 Inch, O,old at solution 18.50
lbosphorua 0.01 max
temperature for 1 hour per Inch of tblclcness, (16)(17).
1.0312
~Ill con 0.10 max
Locl:heed solution treatment apeclflcatlona for plate, Sulfur
1650-1700F tor not leas than I hour. For plates greater 0.01 max
tt"ttanlum 0.20
than 1 inch, bold at solution temperature for 1 hour
0.02
per Inch of thickness, (19),
i.032 Graln size specifications, 2 AS'IM 5, occasional grains 1.043 User composition specifications, Table 1.043.
may be as large as AS'IM' 3 ,(16)(17)(19).
1.033 Grain now In blgbly stressed areas of forgings shall be
TABLE 1 043
parallel to principal stresses specified In applicable Source Aero et (16 Aero et (17 Aero et O.iil
drawings. Graln now pattern sball be free from re- IAllov l'e-IBN- 5Co-_MD-n-AJ 2001
entrant and sharply folded linea, (17). Form
1,034 Plate Forglnga Wire filler
Inclusion rating. detennlned by comparison of the woret
flercent l'lercent Percent
area of Inclusions found In test specimens with Plate I of
Min Max Min Max Min Max
AS'IM E 45 maximum permissible Inclusion ratings, Aluminum 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.15 (a) (a)
Table 1.034.
TABLE I 034
Carbon
Cobalt
-
7.0
0,03
8.0
-
7.0
0,03
8.0 7,5
- 0,03
8.0
Source
!Alloy
16Xl7 19
Fe-IBNi-8. 5Co-Mo-TI- Fe-18Ni-7,5Co-M o-TI-
Manganese
Nickel 17.5
0,10
19.0 17.5
- 0,10
19.0
-
17.5
0.10
18.5
Al(200) AI Molybdenum 4.0 4.5 4,0 4,5 3,6 3.8
Inclusion Type Thin

A
Series
2
Heavy
Series
'Ibln
Series
Heavy
Series
PMspborus
Silicon
-
--
0.025
0.10
-
--
0,025
0.10
-- 0.01
0.10
B
c
2 1/2
2
1 1/2
11/2
1 1/2
21/2
1
'I
SuUur
Titanium 0,05
0.01
0.25 0,05
0.01
0.25
-
0.26
0.01
0.36
1 1/2 11/2 I (a) 0, 10 added
D 2 1/2 2 2
1, !~~
" - - ? "?

CODE 1223
PAGE
 FERROUS ALLOYS MARCHJ966

1.0 User composition specl(lcation, Table 1.0. 1.06 Hardness

Fe TABLE 1044
1.061 mectiif solutloo annealing temperature oo bardness ol
bar ln 200 tal CVM coodltioo, Fig. 1.061. (See, bowever,
18 Ni Source Lockheed 19 sectloo 1. 061 for recommended dcuble anneal when blgb
.Allov FelRNI . SCo-Mo-'11-Alla temperature anneal Is Included).
8.5 Co Form Plate 200 Ksl max Ftvl 1.062 Effect o1 aging temperature ... hardness ol bar ln 200
Percent Percent tal CVM coodltioo, Flg. 1. 062.
Mo Aluminum
Min Max desired 1.063 Effect ol aging tlme CXI bardDess ol bar ln 200 tal CVM
0.05 0.15 0.10 coodltloo, Flg. 1. 063.
-
--
Ti Arsenic nil
Bismuth - nil 1.07 Forma and Conditions AYallable

--
AI Carbon 0.02 0.01 lbls steells aYallable ln bar, sbeet, plate, tublng, and
Otromlum
Cobalt 7.0
0.20
8.0 7.5
- forging stock ln the bot worked or annealed condition.
Sbeet Is also aYallable In the annealed and cold worked
18 Ni (200) Copper - 0.20 - COJidltion.

---
Hydrogen - 5ppm
Maraging Lead
~nganese
-- nil
O.lO(b
1.08 Melting and Castlng Practice
Blectrlc furDace air melting with or without vacuum de
Molybdenum 3.5 4.5 3.8 gassing, lnductloo vacuum melting, consumable electrode
Nlclcel 17.5 18.5 18.0 vacuum remelting. Low carbon content and residual
Nitrogen - 35 ppm - element content requlrea blgb quality raw material.

---
~gen 20ppm -
l'hosphorua 0.012 0.01 1.09 Special Considerations
Silicon
Sullur -
0.10~
0.008
-
o.oos
1.091 General. 1be beat to beat varlabWty ol this steel withln
the composltiCXI limits given In Tables 1.041, 1.042,
l~tanlum 0~05
nil
0.15
-
0 10
1.043, 1.0, and 1.045 Is blgher than that normally
encountered for low alloy beat treated steels such as
(a) For optimizing fracture roughness and stress corrosion
4340. Spectal consideration abould also be given to
Cor deep submergance submarine applications
directionality ol mechanical properties, the posslbUity
M Manganese pius Slllcon shall not exceed 0.18 ol high temperature embrlttlement and the very high
tolerance for bydrogen. Weldments present special
1. 045 Typical compositions for rocket motor casing applications, problems which are discussed under 4.03.
Table I. 045.
1.092 Variability ol properties. 1be yield strength and tough
TABLE 1 045 ness of aged material will vary from beat to heat within
Source 12 10 the composition limits ol a given grade. This variation
11 6
mnv Fc18NI8. !>0>11110 AliZW ln aging response Ia ooly ln part caused by dlflerences
Form Plate XA Forward Weld wire Bate In content ol the bardenlng elements but also arises from
Cameron !roc y ring Heat No. Lukens dllferences In the melting and processing history. Gen-
Works plate 08950 Heat No erally the toughness wW decrease with those facrors
50234-1 R-5S9 tending to lncrease the yield strength, such as cold work
~W(a) Suu retained after anneallcg, Increased titanium content or
~)
Ladlsh fA>:_met- Sun
Shinlt co Sill reduced testing temperature. 1be Influence ol melting
Aluminum 0.08 0.095 0.12 o.;.o4 0.065 0.075 0.07 practice oo the mechanical properties Is poorly under
Carbon O.O:!l 0.021 0.02 0.024 0.01 0.016 0.02 stood,bowever, toughness Is Improved with a reduction
Cobalt 7.51 7.49 7.68 7.51 7.80 7.88 7.82 ln the residual clement cootent and segregation appears
Hydrogen
Manganese
- - - - 2.5 11.3
~.o5 0.029 0.08 0.052 0.02 0.007 0.07
- to lncrease with Increasing processed slze. At this tlme
It Is recommended that for critical applications the aging
~lybdenum 4.25 4.38 4.36 4.29 3.611 't 74 4.25 ...,sponse both regarding tensUe strength and toughness
~lclcel 18.37 8.23 17.99 18.14 17.83 17.82 18.11 be determined separately for each beat.

-- -- p.009
- - -
~ltrogen as 51 Unllormlty ol response Is olten enbanced by a clcuble
~gen - - 15 37 - anneal, sec sectloo 1.051.
""osphorus 0.006 0.005 0.003 0.00~. 9.00 0.008 1.093 Dlrectlonallty. Heavy sections ol this alloy and other
~Illcon o.o5 o.r-21 b.o7 0.014 o.o1 0.008 0.08 high strength steels can exhibit a banded structure
~ur
Titanium
0.009 o.ooa
f:oos 0.004 0.007 0.003 0.007
p.16 0,21 .23 0.22 0.39 0.28 0.17
which Ia associated with alloy segregation. If the banda
contaln a high concentration on noometalllc Jnclualons,
(possibly titanium carbooltrldea or oxldea)thc abort
(a) Average of 4 locations on the plate pattern "'
transverse ductility and toughness may be considerably
(o) Worst field lower than the corresponding Jongltudlnal properties.
ppm Under tht!se clrcumaumces tbe banding can result ln
maximum delamlnotions or apllttlng Jn the plane ol the banda. In
severe """"" npllttlng may occur during forming op.:ra-
tions or result from thermal stresses lnwced by flame
1. OS H""t Treatment cutting m:- ...eldlng. Eftecta aimllar to those produced by
1.051 Anneal. 1450 to 15SOF, I hour, air coo!, IS"nerally l'e banding are associated with an excess ol directional
commended. Selection ol an optlmlum a11neallng tempera- sulphide lnclualons. It abould be noted that Jn banded
ture In terms ol strcngO and toughness will depend on the structures the fracture toughness for cracks propagating
prior thermal mechanical history. In some cases heating ln a plane perpendicular to the banda wW be higher than
to temperatures ol 1650 to 1700F Is desirable In order to lor an Identical structure without banding because the
recrystallize the material (but annealing above J800F banded regions absorb energy by splitting. 1be degree
should be avoided). When a high temperature anneal Ia of bandlng and Its Influence on the mechanical propertlea
used, It Is desirable to follow It by a second anneal at Is related to the melting and processing practices em
14SOF In order to remove any deleterious ellect on the played. By very carelul cootrol ol the melting and
fatigue properties that the high temperature might produce. proccaolng techniques It Is possible to either reduce the
J.OS2 Age. 700 to 950F, air cool. Full age Is generally re amount of banding or to greatly minimize the deleterlou3
commended, 875 to 925F, 3 hours, air cool. Structures errects on the tra"'averse properties ol heavy sections,
which are badly segregated may not age In a normal (64)(5S).
manner and austenite reversion may be encountered.
Aging alter severe cold workl~g should be avoided.

CODE 1223
PAGE 2
 I ~W'I I

MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS

2.024 Bmlaalvity
1.094 lsolhermal embrlttleme u. l!mbrlnlemeu t aasoc:lated Fe
with tbe prior ausu--..ite grain boulldariea baa been
2.025 Dainp1ng capacity
obaenecl afte! ;>rolaagecl exposure Ill tbe temperawre 2.03 Cbemicsl Properttea 18 Ni
raJ11e bet>reen 1400 and 1800P. 1bis Ia particularly 2.031 General. Corroslcm reslatance ~ this alloy Ia better tbaD
evident wbeD tbe alloy Ia allowed to cool wry slowly that ~ normal low alloy steels heat treated to correspond 8.5 Co
lhrougb this temperawre raJ11e follow!Dg prior bot IDgly blgb atreDgth levels. Since tbe corrosion reslataDce
worldDg at some hlgber remperawre. For this resscm ~ this class ol alloys IDcreaaea somewhat with decreaaiDg Mo
bot worldDg sbould be followed 11v u rapid .., air cool . strength level, the 200 grade alloy can be expected to be
as posslbl.,. better tbaD the hlgber strength 18 Nl maragiDg steels Ti
1.095 Hydrogi!D embrlttlenm lt. Alloy baa much greater toler which have been more extensively Investigated. Tbe
aDCe to byclrogeD tbaD does 4340 steel. Residual bydrogeD alloy also ellhlblts greater tolerance for bydrogen than AI
CaD also be baked out readily.
otber blgb atrengtb ateela such as 4340 after exposure
to Hz and ellhlblt fast recovery by baldDg at 400600P, (4),
2. PHYSICAL AND CHBMICAL PROPERTIES 2.032 Corroalcm by liquids. Static Immersion teats Ill quiet 18 Ni {200)
sea-ter &bow aw:rage corrosion rate ol 0.003 !Deb
2.01 'Thermal Properties
per year, teats 1n now!Dg sea -ter; o. oos-o. 001 mcb Ma r a g i ng
2.011 MeltlDg l'lllll" 2600 to 2650P, (4). per year. 1be alloy Is susceptible to corrosion plttiDg
2.012 Fbaae cbaDges. Alloy traDBforms to marteDBite on in tap water. some neutral salt aolutiona, and aome
slow coollDg from aDDesliDg temperature. M8 400P, Inorganic and organic acids. However, corrosion rate
Mt ~ 300P, As 850P (possibly hlgber depeadiDg em Is lower tbaD that of low alloy steels heat treated to
beatlDg rate), (4). correapondln gly blgb atrengtb. IDeo (4) recommends
2.0121 Dlmeualoual ud pbaae chaages durlllg maraglllg treat protection from corrosive aolutiOI)& by some meana such
meat, Pig. 2. 0121. as suitable coating. Ill general, the alloy requires tbe
2.013 Thermal ccmductlvity, Table 2.013. same type ol surface protection as usually used for tbe
TABLE2 013 ultra blgb atreDgth alloy steels.
!Source IDeo 4 2.033 Corrosion by gases. Atmospheric environments such
Alloy Pel8NI8.5C oMoTIAl (200) as the IDdustrlal atmosphere at Kure Beach, N. c.,
.... anerma conoucuvny corrode maragiDg steels 0.0005-0.00 llnch per year,
Temp- P B... ft l"'r (br sq ft F) approximatel y ball that d: .other normal blgh strength
' 68 11.3 low alloy steels. Oxldsticn '''!stance Ia subataDtlally
122 11.6 better tbaD that ~ a 5 pere<:nt chromium tool steel used
212 12.1 for comparison.
2.034 Stress corrosion. Resistance to stress corrosion Is
Thermal expansion. superior to that ~ blgb strength low alloy steels, although
2.014
75to 900P, 5.6 x 106 Ill per 111 per P,(4). IDeo (4) recommends 11 suitable protectiW> coating. Two
point loaded seam-type specimens streased to yield point
2.015 Specific heat, Table 2. 015.
required more tbaD 240 days to develop first significant
TABLE 2 015 stress corrosion cracking In the Bayonne Industrial atmoa
Source Loc(i(North AmerlcsD Aviation Data
phere and more than 240 days In the mariDe atmosphere
Allay Pel8NI8.5C oMoTIAl (200)
at Kure Beach. Maoy specimens passed 500 days without
Temp P ~~clflc heat falling, whereas the control 4340 steel speclmeua faUed
per Ob F)
between 1 and 99 days. The sea water Ubend specimens
200 0. I 0 (estimated) required 355 days to develop first faUure,whereas all
250 0,107 4340 specimens faUed In leas than 6 day&.
~M O.llS .
2.016 Thermal dllfualvity 2.04 Nuclear Properties

2.02 Other J'!tyalcal Properties 3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

2.021 0. 289 lbs per cu In, 8 gr per cu em, (2).
2.022 Electrlcsl resistivity, 23.6 to 27.6 microhm-Ill solution 3.01 Specified Mechanlcsl Properties
annealed condition; 19 to 23.6 mlcrohmln wben maraged See 1.035, 3.0214.
900P, 3 hours. E1ectrlca1 resistivity within range
Indicated dj=pends prlmarUy on titanium level. 3.01. Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
2.023 Magnetic properties. FermeabUlty at 200 oersteds 3.021 Teualon. See also 3. 03.
77.5. Saturation Induction equsla 21.2 tllogausa at 3.0211 True streaa-straiD curve, Pig, 3.0211.
1300 oersteds. Nominal coercive force (He) In solution 3.0212 Bffect of melting practice and teat direction on ranges ~
anncsled condition equals 2234 oersteds; In maraged tensile properties ol various forms ol alloy, Table
condition 2154 oersteds, (2). 3.0212.
TABLB 3 0212
(3
Source
Allov llPIANI-R,5 CoMoTIA: (200
Heat treat i500F AC+ARC 900F, 3 or 4.hr
Form
..,.,_, PI om
1 2
H.oavv sections
I 2 to 4 X 16
X
Dl.menslons - in n mn-n IA7 0. 375 to 1. 75
Vac arc remelt Air melt ac arc remelt
Condition Vac arc remelt Alr melt
T L T L T
Test direction T L
234 214 204 241 210
Fru mln-ksl 217 230
252 230 233 243 230
max-ksl 229 246
241 223 223 242 220
overall avgksl 223 239
226 208 200 238 200
pty mlnksl 206 223
245 225 228 238 222
maxksl 221 241
235 216 219 238 211
overall av.g-ksl 215 231
6 II 8 12 7
e, min% 5 7.5
9.5 I:! 16 12 10
max% II 12.5
8 u.s 11.5 12 8.5
overall avg% 7.5 10
No. of values used
In determination , 4 4 3 9 2 5

CODE 1223
PAGE 3
 t"t.HHOU5 ALLOY5 MARCHI966

3.0213 Producers typical mec:ban.lcal properties, Table 3. 0213. 3.02163 Btfect of aging temperature on scatterband of longitudl
Fe na1 tensile properties of thirteen large plar.. used In
TABLE 3.0213 fabrication ol solid propellent rocket motor casing "A"
18 Ni Source Vu~o II> solution treated at 1675F, Fig. 3.02163.
l~.bt.. rl Fel8NI8.5CoMoT!-.~I 200 3.02164 Btfect of aging temperatura on scatterb tnd of longitudl
8.5 Co 1500F, 1 hr + 900F, 3 hr na1 tensile properties of four plates use1ln fabrication
Condition Round Sheet of solid propt>llent rocket motor ca~!ng ''A", solution
Mo Ann 5/8 In, L 1 1/4 In, L 1./4 In, T treated at 1SOOF and 16SOF, Fig. 3.02164.
140 212 214.3 218.1 3.02165 Btfect of aging temperature on scatterband of longitudl
Ti 110 207.7 208.5 213.0 na1 tensile properties of seventeen large plates used In
AI 18 !2.5 12 11 fabrication of solid propellent roclcet motor casing ''B'',
72 61.7 60.6 45 Fig. 3.02165.
3.0217 Mechanical prope~.les for plate In transverse direction
18 Ni (200) 3 0214 Alloy developers ranges of mechanical properties, Table 3.02171 Btfect of aging time and temperatura on transverse tensile
3.0214. properties of plate, Fig. 3.02171.
3.02172 Btfect of aging temperature on scatterband of transverse
Marag ing tensile properties of three plates used In fabrication of
saUd propellent rocket motor casing "A", solution treated
at 1SOOF, Fig. 3.02172.
3.02173 Effect of aging temperature on scatterband of transverse
tensile properties of 3 plates used In fabrlcatio!' of solid
TABLE 3 0214
propellent rocket motor casing "A", double solution treat
Source ln~o 12
IAll..;, ed at 1500F and 1650F, Fig. 3.02173.
Fel8N18. 5CoMoTIAl (200)
3.02174 Effect of aging temperature on scatterband of transverse
Condition Ann 1500F lhr 1500F, lhr + 900F, 8 hr
ksl tensile properties of thirteen large plates used In fabrl
ptu' 145 195 220
ksl 117 cation ot solid propellent rocket motor casing "A",
F{r, 190 225 solution treated at 1675F, Fig. 3.02174.
e In), % 17 6 (a) 12 (b) 3.0218
e(lln), % - 11 15 3.02181
Mec:ban.lcal properties for plate
Effect of aging temperature and time on tensile properties
RA, % 79 35 67
of hot rolled 200 ksl plate, Fig. 3.02181.
(a) Minimum 3.02182 Effect of aging time and temperature on yield strength of
(b) Maximum plate, Fig. 3. 02182.
3.02183 Overall ranges In tensile properties, orientation effect
and location effect within plate for seventeen plates used
In fabrication of solid propellent rocket motor casing ''B",
Table 3. 02183.

TABLE 3 02183
lsnur~e Sun Shtn 0
lllnv P<-!8N! 7. SCo4. 2MoO. 2TIO. 09All200
....... , ...
Icondition 1675F I hr w +a.., 850!' to 950F 4 16 hr
I"""" Plare annrox 430 x 00 X 0.6 In 17 sheets
Fty ksl Ftu ksl e.% RA % Orientation (a) Location (b)
effect ksl effect ksl
Min I Max Min I Max Min I Max Min I Max Min I Max Min I Max
IQ~ 204 244 9 5
""
(a) Difference between transverse and longitudinal.
46 62 0 9 0 7

(b) Maximum difference In Ftu or Fey within a plate.

3.022 Compression
3.0221 Stress-strain diagrams
3.023 Impact, see also 3. 033.
3.0231 Range of Charpy Vnotch Impact values at room tempera
ture, 2650 ftlba, (2).
Effect of specimen location (In thlc:Jcness direction of
1. 05 Inch plate) on energy abaorption In precracked
Charpy Impact test, Fig. 3. 0231.
3.0232 Effect of fatigue crack depth on energy abaorptton In
precracked Charpy Impact test on specimens of variable
width cut from 1 Inch plate, Fig. 3. 0232.
3,0233 Effect of specimen width and plate thickness on energy
3.0215 Mechanical propenles for bar absorption In precracked Charpy Impact specimens cut
3.02151 Effect of solution &Mealing iemperature on tensile prop
from plate of nrlous thicknesses, Fig. 3. 0233.
enles of bar In 200 ksl CVM Condition, Fig. 3.02151. 3.0234 Effect of specimen width on energy abaorptlon In pre
3.02152 Effect of aging temperature on tensile properties of bar cracked Charpy Impact, Pig. 3.0234.
In 200 ksl CVM Condition, Fig. 3. 02152. 3.0235 Effect of various solution treatments and aging tempera
3.02153 Effect of aging time on tensile properties of bar In 200 tures on energy abe orptlon In pre cracked Charpy Impact
ksl CVM Condition, Fig. 3. 02153. tests of plate at room temperature, Fig. 3.0235.
3.0216 Mechanical propenles for plate In longitudinal direction 3.024 Bending
3.02161 Effect of aging time and temperature on longitudinal 3.025 Torsion and shear
tensile properties of plate, Fig. 3.02161. 3.026 Bearing
3,02162 Effect of aging temperature on scatterband of longitudl 3.027 Stress concentration
nal tensile .propenles of four plates used In fabrication 3.0271 Notch propcnles
of solid propellent rocket motor casing "A", solution 3.02711 Effect of stress concentration factor on notch tenslle
troated at 1SOOF, Fig. 3.02162.
strength ratio of 200 ksl CVM bar, Fig. 3.02711.

CODE 1223
PAGE 4
 FeUH
MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS

3.0272 Prac1Ure touglmeaa

3.05 Fatigue Propemes (See also Section 1. OS!)
3.02721 Geoeral. Although extensive data are avallable on edge
3.051 Fatigue strength In rotating beam bending, Fig. 3. OS!.
Fe
cracked bend specimens and attempts bave been made
to apply these data to the determination ~ fracture tough-
3.06 Elastic PJ:operties
18 Ni
ness parameters (eg. (l3Xl4)), care must be exercised
In applying cited values of Krc from teats coaducted to 3.061 Poisson 1s ratio, 0. 264, (2). . 8.5 Co
date. Jbe specimens In general bave been too small 3.062 Modulus of elasticity, 26.2 x Io3 bl, (2).
for such determination and gave no dladnct pop-In Indica- 3.0621 EUect of cold work, resolution treatment after cold work
and direction relative to cold work on dynamic modulus,
Mo
dona. Tile toughness ~ the alloy can best be judged from
a series of surface crack specimen testa on 0. 4 and 0. 6 Fig, 3. 0621. Ti
Inch plate aged to Pty 225 to 230 bl. High tougtuleaa Is 3.063 Modulus of rigidity
Indicated In tbat tbe ratio of net stress to yield stress Ia AI
above 0.8 at a value of a/Q 0.14, (Pig. 3.02722) 4. FABRICATION
Slmllar teats on TIG welded plates Indicate tbat somewhat
lower touglmess may exist at weld cente: line (compare 4.01 Formablllty 18 Ni ( 200)
Pig. 3. 02723 to 3. 02722), although the limited amount 4.0ll General. This alloy Ia a member of the IBN! maragtng
of data available makes such a conclusion tentative. Plow steel aeries, and Ita machining cbaracterlatica are M0 r 0 g i ng.
sizes In the surface crack testa were not sufficiently large similar to other compositions In this aerlee. (See 4. 01
to permit valld K1c calculation: the values given for K1c Code 1220 and Ret. (2) for details,)
are moat likely too high. 4.02
Tile fracture touglmess of the alloy Is probably affected Machining and Grinding
by cold work and thermal history In a manner similar to 4.021 General. See 4.02l,Code 1220 and Ret. (2).
tbat described for 250 and 300 grade(See Code 1220 section
1.09). 4.03 Welding
3.02722 EUect of detect geometry on net fracture stress for plate; 4.031 General. (See 4,'03I,Code 1220 for additional general
computations show expected relation for several selected commental Steel is weldabl<l wltboot preheat In both
values of Klc Pig. 3. 02722. fully heat treated and aolutloa Mnealed conditions.
3.02723 EUect of defect geometry on net fracture stress for weld Post weld best treatment Is accomplished by the normal
sections, repaired defects, and heat affected zone for aging procedure. Gas tungsten-arc welding Involves
plate; computations show expected relation for several virtually no problema. Gas metal-arc welding occasion-
selected values of Klc' Pig. 3. 02723. ally produces porosity which can be eliminated by closer
3.02724 EUect of humidity and applied stress Intensity factor on control of welding technique or flller composition. Short-
time required to cause fracture of GTA welded plate, arc welding requires use of pure helium shielding for
Pig. 3. 02724. . best mechanical properties and equipment operablllty, (2).
4.032 PUler wire. Touglmeaa of weld may be Improved by
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Tempera1Ures reduction of filler wire cobalt or molybdenum and titanium
3.031 Tension alloy. Developer's recommended weld wire compositions,
3.0311 Stress-strain diagrams Table 4.032,
3.0312 EUect of test temperature on tensile properties of 200
kal CVM bar, Fig. 3. 0312
3.0313 EUect of teat temperature on yield strength of 18Nl
maragtng steels aged at 900F for 3 hours, and showing
relation of 200 CVM steel within scatterband of other
maragtng steels, Pig. 3, 03!3,
3.0314 EUect of test temperature on ultimate tensile strength
of 18Nl maraglng steels aged at 900F for 3 hours, and
showing relation of 200 CVM steel within scatterband of
other maraging steels.
3.032 Compression 4.0321 User's recommended filler wire composition, Table 4,0321.
3.0321 Stress-strain diagrams TABLE 4 0321
3.033 Impact Source Aero et 9
3.0331 Effect of teat temperature on Charpy V-notch Impact Allov Fl!-IRNI-R_5r.n-Mn-T1-A\ f2001
strength of bar In 200 CVM Condition, Fig. 3,0331. Percent
3.0332 EUect of various solution treatments and aging tempera- Min Max
ture on energy absorption In precracked Charpy Impact Aluminum (a) (a)

3.0333
tests at -40F, Fig. 3. 0332.
Effect of various solution treatments and aging tempera-
Carbon - 0.03
Cobalt 7.5 8.0
tUres on energy absorption In precracked Charpy Impact
testa at 200F, Fig. 3. 0333.
Manganese - 0.1
Molybdenum 3.6 3.8
3.0334 Effect of maraging temperature, test temperature, and Nickel 17.5 18.5
specimen orientation on energy absorption In Impact Phosphorus . 0.01
test of precracked Charpy specimen, Fig. 3. 0334. Slllcon
Sulfur
- 0.01
0.01
3.0335 Effect of test temperature on energy absorption In pre-
cracked Charpy Impact specimens from heavy forging Tltonh~ n.Jn
n "'
Including parent metal, weld area, and heat affected (a) 0.10 added
zone,. Fig. 3. 0335, 4.033 Welding parameters recommended by alloy developer,
3.034 Bending Table 4. 033.
3.035 Torsion and shear
3.036 Bearing TABLE 4 033
3.037 Stress concentration. See 3. 033, Source ln"o 2
3.0371 Notch properties. See 3. 033. Allov Fe-18Nl-8,5Co-Mo-Tl-Al f200
3.0372 Fracture touglmess, See 3. 033. Nominal F ty of Plate
3.038 Combined properties weld ksl Thick-
Procea In Amruo Volta Passe lpm
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties 175-185 MIG 1/2 300 29 4 10
I C,0-200 MIG 1/2 320 32 4 10
200-210 MIG I 300 29 13 10

CODE 1223
PAGE !5
 4.0331 Uoer's recommeaded weldiDg procedure for 0.61w:bplsll! 60
Fe Table 4.0331. PeJ8Nl-8.5C oMo11-Al(2 00j
5/BINBAR
18 Ni SOurce
TABLB4 0331 ST ATTBMP INDIC
1 HR, AC+AGB 900F
8.5 Co AI!<W PeJ8N18 .5CoMo11 Al 200)
Form 0.61nl'l'all!
Mo Melting practice Vac-arc remelt or iDdu.ction melt ~
WeldiDg process TIG RC
Ti oint deslgD Single U or double V
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
Maximum root gsp 0.70 Inch
AI Maximum lnterpu SOWTION TBMP P
temp 200F PIG. 1.061 BFPBCT OF SOWTION ANNEALING TBMPBRA'IlJRB ON
HARONHSS OF BAR IN 200 JCSI CVM CONOmON
18 Ni (200) 4.oa. AYerage weld propenfes d. plate, Table 4.034. (See (1, p. 6)
Tables 4.032 8lld 4.033 for correspoodiD g filler Wire
Marag in g composition aDd welding parsmell!rs).

TABLB.f 034
[c;,., ~ -~10\
Alloy FeI8NI8,5C oMoTIAl (200)
Coadltloa Weld+ ue900F, 3 br
Form te
Nomloal Fry d. Fry,
~
Ftu, Charpy
weldbl bi bl c;, v- ft-lb
175185 191 198 8 35 22.5
190200 197 207 8 3D 10
200210 215 220 7 3D 18

4.035 Mechanical properties of poreat metal aDd dectron beam 50

wddmeat with am without post-weld age, Table 4. 035. :x:~seo-Mo'11AI<zooJ
J500P, I HR, AC ...._
l<:n.orrP
TABLE 4 035 u f+ AGB AT TBMP INOIC
~ 40 3 HR 200 JCSJ CVM ~ -......._,_
.Allov IFe-IRNI8-S Col-1Mo ~
~~
AI (200
l12 In ~late
-Fn..;, p,~.;,;;;;;i
Weld RC
Coadltloa, 9DDF, 3 hr 900F,3 hr 900F, 3hr
1500F, 1 hr, AC + + +weld
+aae or weld 900F 3 hr 900P 3 br weld 900F, 3hr
Fru, ksl 214 (a) 219 169 (a) 218 (a)

~:
ksl 201 (a) 216 161 (a) 215 (a)
\{, 56 (a) 55 30 (a) 14 (a)
500 600
=~~~:,~~: !! ~:: 40
2A
19 (a)
10 (a) 1! r.: 700 800
AGING TBMP P
900 1000 1100

(a) Average of 3 tealS. PIG. 1.062 BPPBCT OF AGING TBMPBRATURB ON HARONHSS OF BAR
IN 200 KSI CVM CONDmON (1, p. 5)
4. DC Heat Treatment
4.DCI General. Defore beating remove grease and oU (see
4. 05), FIJrnace fuel oU should not .:ontain more than
0. 75 percent suliur by weight. PJel gas not more than
100 grslna suUur per 100 cu ft. Furnace atmosphere d.
about 5 percent C02 Is recommended , (2). ""araglng
may be done In air.

4.05 Surface Treatment

4.051 General. Sand blasting removes oxide scale elfcctlve!y.
Plc:tllng solution 18 percent Hz504 at ISO to 160P Ia
recommended . Sodium bydrtdeaad other ltlgb temiJ'!ra
ture (> 700P) descallng treatment& should be avoided, 60
PeI8NJ8.5C oMo11Al(2 00)
4.052 Nltrldlng. Nltrldlag at 8SDF for 20 hours or 800F for 5/8 IN BAR
44 hours recommended and wUJ give case hardness d. ~ 1500F, I HR, AC
about 66 Rockwell c. Higher temperatures giW! lower +AGE 900P
case bardneSB. Longer times will Increase case deptbe
but Yery long times may require a drop In temperatun: i3 so 1 - t - - - - 1 - - - - 4
to maintain case hardness, (56). 25
..:
~

10 100
AGING 11MB HR
FIG. 1.063 BFFBCTOFA GING11MBO N
HARONHSS OF BAR IN 200 JCSI
CVM CONDmON (1, p. 7)

CODE 1223
PAGE 6
 MARCH 1966 .--- ... ,,,y.., ., ,...~--.-

Fe-lBNiB . SCoMo 'nAl

Fe
18 Ni
8.5 Co
iR COOLING MARAGE 900P -a:' Mo
Ti
AI

HEATING .,.. 18 Ni (200)

Mpm210 P
Marag ing
ci AT70P a' AT70P

TIME HR
G TRBA'IldBNT
PIG. 2.0121 DIMENSIONAL AND PHASE CHANGES DURING MARAGIN
(2, P 25)
OF IBN! MARAGING STEEL

240
PeI8N18 .5CoMo TIAl(200 )
PeIBNI 8. SCo-11Al(200) 5/8 IN BAR
ISOOF, I HR, AC ST AT TEMP INDIC
........
~IHR, A~~F,
+900P, 3 HR 240
3')() 220 3HR

~ i2 ~ Pru

i2 200 / ... j:!zoo

'\
m0:: 80
~ PTY
200
....
"'.,::>
0::
.... !Z 40
- RA
100 "'0
"'...
,,
~-
"' e
0
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
0 SOLUTION TEMP P
0 0.4 0.8
NG
TRUE STRAIN FIG. 3.02151 EFFECT OF SOUITIO N ANNEALI
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
FIG. 3.0211 TRUE STRESS-STRAIN CURVE OP BAR IN 200 KSI CVM CONDITION
(2, p.ll) (1, p.6)

CODE 1223
PAGE 7
 .. _ ....... _ _ _ r"~ . . . V' J v MAKI:;H 1966

Pe-18NI -8. 5Co-Mo -n -A1(200)

Fe 5/8 IN BAR
1500P, 1 HR, AC
18 Ni 220 +AGE AT INDIC TEMP,

8.5 Co
3 HR, 200 KSi CVM
...........
Mo 180
~~
.,L.~ ~ 220
Ti i2 " _....
w
AI
j:!40
l.-- ' / ~ i2

v v
180
18 Ni (200) "'
'
PTY

Mara g ing
v
100
140

80
100

~
~
RA
--
40
"'c:u
..."'
0 e
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
AGING TEMP - P
PIG. 3.02152 EPPECT OP AGING TEMPERATIJRE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES
OP BAR IN 200 KSI CVM CONDITION
(1, p 5)
Pe-JSNI- S.5Co-M o-TI-A1( 200)
0.61 IN PLATE
i5~~ k'mt {eP ~
240
_....
v------...
Pe-18NI -8. 5Co-Mo -TI -A1(200)
5/8 IN BAR
!500P, I HR, AC
220
,.., ./"' ----
.......
_,../-
Pru 260
+AGE 900P
i2 200 - i2
j: _.-' ~
240
.
l:
"' !SO ~ v 220 "'
/ / FTY

so 200

60
--..,
L A VG OF 3 TESTS
RA 40
~
40
"'c:u euson
900F AGE TEMP
"'u
c: ..."' A 950F

"'... 20 20

0 e
I 10 100 e(l IN)
0
AGING TIME- HR 2 s 16 32
FIG. 3.02153 EFFECT OP AGING TIME ON AGING TIME - HR
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF aAR FIG. 3.02161 EFFECT OF AGING TIM!! AND TEMPER
IN 200 KSI CVM CONDITION ATIJRE ON
LONGill JDINAL TI!NSILE PROPERTIES OF PLATE
(1, p. 7)
(5, Thl. II)

CODE 1223
PAGE 8
 FeUH
MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe18NI7 .8Co4Mo-0. 2TI0.1Al(200)

3 PLATES AFPROX
Fe
260 430 X 100 X 0.60 IN
1 PLATE
18 Ni
414 >. 80 X 0.45 IN 8.5 Co
1500F, 1 HR, AC
+AGE850T0950F, 8 HR Mo
- 240 1--+-~-~~,.,..o:::--+---~
!2 Ti
} AI
220 1--~----l----+-~ 240
18 Ni (200)
Maraging
~
220 '

uP
200

10
e(1 IN)

850 ~ 950
AGING TEMP - F
FIG. 3.02162 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE ON 260 ..---.---,~~...,....---.,.--:--,
SCATTERBAND OF LONGITUDINAL FeI8NI 7. 6Co-4MoO. 2TI1Al(200)
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF FOUR PLATES PLATES APPROX 430 x 100 x 0.6 IN
USED IN FABRICATION OF SOLID PROPEL 1675F, 1 HR, AC
LENT ROCKET MOTOR CASING "A'~ +AGE850T0950F, 8 HR
SOLUTION TREATED AT i500F (11)
- 240
!2
i=
"' 220

(-o liIll
~ 60 20
u
u 0::
0::
...
Ill
15 ...
Ill

~ 10
"
40
850 900 950
AGING TEMr "
FIG. 3. 02163 EFFECT ~I' AGING TEMPERATURE ON
SCA TT lRBAND OF LONGITUDINAL
TENS'.LE PROPERTIES OF THIRTEEN
LAP.uE PLATES USED IN FABRICATION
0! SOUD PROPELLENT ROCKBT MOTOR
CASING "A" SOLUTION TREATED AT 1675F
(II)

COOE 1223
PAGE 9
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS
MARCH 1966

Fe Pe-18 17.6Co 4.3Mo 0.2TI 0.07AI

(200
18 Ni 260 3 PLATES APPROX 430 x 100 x 0.6
1 PLATE 414 x 80 x 0.45
1500P, I HR, AC
8.5 Co 1650P, 1 HR, AC
ACE 850 TO 950P, 8 HR
Mo LSPE !MENS
- 240
Ti ~
AI i:!
18Ni (200 )
"" 220

Mar agin g

200

850 900 950 Fe-18 1-7.5Co4.2Mo<l2THl.09AJ(200)

PLATES 430 x 100 x 0.6 IN
AGING TEMP P J67SF, I HR, WQ
PIG. 3. 02164 EFFEC T OF AGING TEMPERATURE ON +ACE 850 TO 9SOP, 8 HR
SCATIEREAND OF LONCll1lJDINAL SPECIMENS
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF POUR PLATES 240
USED IN PABRICA TION OF SOLID PROPE L
LENT ROCKET MOTOR CASING ..A DOUBL
E
SOLUTION TREAT ED AT 1500 AND 1650F i2
(11)
'i:! 220 t--.1&--h'T.~'h.-H-""""--1
""
200

60
20
J-o
2: !;
"'CJ "'
CJ
"' "'
"'
"- 40
10 ~
<
"' "
20
850 900 0
950
AGING TEMP F
FIG. 3.02165 EFFEC T OF AGING TEMPERATURE
ON SCA TIER BAND OF LONCll1lJDINAL
TENSIL E PROPERTIES OF SEVENTEEN
LARGE PI..ATES USED IN FABRICATION
OF SOLID PROPELLENT ROCKET
MW.OR CASING "8" (10)

CODE 1223
PAGE 10
 FeUH
MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS

PeI8NI8.5 CoMoTI-A l (200)

260
0.61 1N PLATE
1500F, 1 HR, AC
+AGE AS INDIC
I
T AVG OF 3 TES I'S
I --, 18 Ni
Fe

...........,~ 8.5 Co

!2
240

~
v
~

--
~

-
FTU

.... ~
260

~
'i=
Mo
Ti
AI

"'
g220
........- 240

"' 18 Ni (200)
200 / / FTY 220 Marag ing
60
.. ~
RA
40
1-
z 850F~
e 900F AGE TEMP
...."'u"'
0.. 20
A 950P

e(l IN)
0
8 16 32
2
AGING TIME HR
FIG. 3.02171 EFFECT OF AGING TIME AND TEMPERAT URE ON
TRA'ISVERSE TENSILE PROPERTIES OP PLATE Pe-i8NI-7.6Co4.3Mo-ll.2TI0.07A1(200)
(5, 1bl. 2) 2PLATESAP PROX 430 X 100 X Q.61N
1 PLATE 414 x 80 x Q.451N
Fe18Ni7.8C o4Mo.().2T I.O.!Al(200) ISOOP, 1 HR, AC + 1650F,1HR, AC
2 PLATES APPROX 450 x 100 x0.60 IN +AGE 850 TO 9SOF, 8 HR
260 PLATE 414 x 80 x0.4SIN T
1500F, I HR, AC
+AGE 850 TO 9SOF, 8 HR
TSP CIMI!NS

!2
g 220 240 g

"' "'
!2 200

200

60 200 ~
z1-
"'u
20 "'
."'
u

'!'
"'"'
0..
"
< 40 10
"' e( liN 850 900 950
AGING TEMP F
850 900 950
PIG. 3. 02173 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE
AGING TEMP F ON SCA1TERBAND OF TRANSVERSE
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 3 PLATES
FIG. 3.02172 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERAT URE USED IN FABRICATION OF SCILID
ON SCA1TERBAND OF TRANSVERSE
PROPELLEN T ROC!mT MOTOR
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF THREE
CASING "A" DOUBLE SOLUTION
PLATES USED IN FABRICATION OF
TREATED AT 1500 AND !650F (11)
SOLID PROPELLENT ROCKET MOTOR
CASING "A" SOLUTION TREATED AT
ISOOF (II)

CODE 1223
PAGE II
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1966

260
Fe Fe18Nl7.6CcMMC>0.2Tl.-ll.lAI(200)

I
PLATES APPROX 430 x 100 x 0, IN Fe18Ni8.5 CoMoTIA l(200)
260 0.5 IN PLATE
18 Ni 675F, 1 HR, AC
1500F, 1 H~I AC
8.5 Co AGE 850 TO 9~:;-:s ~~ 13 PlATES 240 +AGEAS DIC AGING TIME HR

T SPECIMENS 3 TESTS PER PLATE

Mo .A~
Ti i2
240
i2 220
~
~ ..
AI
~ FTY

18Ni (200) "' 220 240

200

Maragi ng
i20
180
800 850 900 950 1000
220
i: AGING TEMP F

"' FIG. 3.02182 EFFECT OF AGING TIME AND TEMPERAT URE ON

YIELD STRENGTH OF PLATE (2,p.25)
200

20 ....
z
Ill
tJ
eo:
Ill
"'
10 "

850 900 950

AGING TEMP F
FIG. 3. 02174 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERAT URE Fe18NIS. 5Co-Mo-Tl-Al(200)
ON SCATTERB AND OF TRANSVER SE 1.05 IN PLATE
A l'
TENSILE PROPERTIE S OF THIRTEEN
LARGE PLATES USED IN FAI!RICATION
OF SOLID PROPELLE NT ROCKET
MOTOR CASING "A" SOLUTION TREATED
1500F, 1 HR, AC
2000 f+AGE 900F, 3 HR 21 0
.
AT 1675F AVG L
(11
1900
-.....;;;;,:
260
/
~
Fe18Nl8. 5CoMoTI Al
1/21NPLA TE
200 KSI AIR MBLT AND VD
HR+AG
1800 i,t /
220 260
.... :.-
N t 1\VG~
-........
v
i?ii
--::~ FTU eo: 1700
Vio.
f--..., )--- -- - 220
Ill

~
). "'"'
..I

~
~ ~ TY
i?i 1600 ~-
140
e2} 180 J: ~ ./
0 4
616
HR+AGE
"'
80 L 140
1500

ASPEC~~EN AXIS IN ROLLING DIRECTION
RA e SPECIMEN AXIS TRANSVERSE TO ROLLING
~ ).... 1400
DIRECTION
STD FATiGUE CRAbKED CHA:RPY IMPACT SPEC
WITH NOTCH IN THICKNESS DIRECTION OF
e (1 IN)
SPEC WIDTH 118 ~TE

0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

800 850 900 950 1000 DISTANCE OF SPECIMEN FROM
AGETBMP F SURFACE OF PLATE IN
FIG. 3. 02181 EFFECT OF AGIKJ TBMPBRAT URE AND FIG. 3,0231 EFFECT OF SPECIMEN LOCATION(IN THICKNESS
TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIE S OF HOT DIRECTION OF 1,05 IN PLATE)ON ENERGY
ROLLED 200 KSI PLATE (2D) ABSORPTION IN PRECRACK ED CHARPY IMPACT
TEST (8, p. 394)

CODE 1223
PAGE 12
 FeUH
MARCHI966 FERROUS ALLOYS

(
'~-- Pe-18Ni8.5Co Mo-TIAl (200) Fe
1500P, 1 HR, AC
+AGE900P, 3HR
18 Ni
I I
TESTED AT RT NOTCH T 8.5 Co
TO ROLLING D1RECT10N
Mo
Ti
AI

18Ni (200)
~1200 ~~~~~74~~~Si7S~~~~~~~~=t----~,-----t-----; Maragin g
~

=1~
' ~--~-----+----~--- -~~~~;w~;4~~~~~~~~~
~
IMPACT
STD FATIGUE CRACKED CHARPY
SPECIMEN WITH NOTCH IN THICKNESS
DIRECTION OF PLATE

0
0
e
3/4 IN J
1/2 1N WIOTH
0 060 NOTCH IN THICKNESS } DIRECTION
. . . . . . NOTCH IN WIDTH OF PLATE
600 6 A 3/8 IN ---+----- -l------.f ----+---+ =---+--- 1
<>. 3/16 IN

0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05

FATIGUE CRACK DEPTH IN

PIG. 3.0232 EFFECT OF FATIGUE CRACK DEPTH ON ENERGY ABSORPTION IN PRECRACKED
CHARPY IMPACT TEST ON SPECIMENS OF VARIABLE WIDTH CUT PROM 1 INCH
PLATE (8,p.402)

2200 ~----~----~----~----~----~-- --~----~--~

FeI8NI8. 5CoMoTI Al(200)
3/16, 3/8 AND I IN PLATE
+AGE 900P, 3 HR

2~

... 1800

=
a:
..."' 1600
~

=
~ 1400

"'
1200
STD FATIGUE IMPACT CHARPY
SPECIMEN WITH NOTCH IN
THICKNESS DIRECTION OF P ATE
1~

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 o. 7 0.8

SPECIMEN WIDTH IN
PIG. 3.0233 EFFECT OF SPECIMEN WIDTH AND PLATE THICKNESS ON ENERGY
ABSORPTION IN PRECRACKED CHARPY IMPACT TEST ON SPECIMENS
CUT PROM PLATE OF VARIOUS THICKNESSES (8, p. 399)

CODE 1223
PAGE 13
reun
FERROUS ALLOYS
MARCHI966

Fe Pe-18Ni-8 .5 -Mo-TI-A I (200)

0 1 IN PLATB
18 Ni 0
1800 t-cr?~f----+--+-
l500P, I HR, AC
-+--+- +AGE 900P, 3 HR
8.5 Co RT
Mo
Ti
...ts 1600

..:
AI ....lXI 1400
"'-4
18Ni (200) ts
Marag ing ~ 1200
~

STD FATIGUE PRECRACKED CHARPY IMPACT SPECIM

WIDTH VARIED PROM 0.063 TO 1.00 IN

800L---~------L---~----~
----~----~----~----~
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 o. 7 0.8 0.9
SPECIMEN WIDTH- IN
PIG. 3;0234 EFFECT OP SPECIMEN WIDTH ON ENERGY ABSORPTION IN PRECRAC
KBD
CHARPY IMPACT
(8,p.397)

,.~)

e-18NI7 .6Co4.3M o-
0.2Ti0.07 AI(200)
1500F, 1 HR, AC
1600 ~~~LW~---t~~~~~--~-++1650P, I HR,
AC
+AGE8 HR

RT
1400 VALUE
MAX AVG MIN
...
20
e 4 ST 1675P, I HR, AC~
0.6 IN PLATE
..: c 0 !),. ST 1500P, 1 HR, AC +AGE
lXI 1200
.... v
0.4-0.5 IN PLATE 8
Y ST 1500P, I HR, AC HR
"'
-4
0.4-0.6 IN PLATE
20
1000
~
~

600

900 950 850 900

AGING TBMP- F
FIG. 3.0235 EFFECT OF VARIOUS SOLUTION TREA'Th!ENTS AND AGING
TEMPERATURES
ON ENERGY ABSORPTION IN PRECRACKED CHARPY IMPACT
TESTS OF
PLATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
(11)

CODE 1223
14
 a-eun
MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS

l '
l: "''~"_; FeIBN1 .5CoMoT1AI (20 ) Fe18N18.5CoMoTIAl (2
Fe
BAR 0.40 AND 0.651N PLATE
!SOOF, I HR 1650F, 1 HR, AC
+AGE900F, 3 HR (200 KSI CVM) 260 j.:+!::,.TI~G!.:W~L!.]D!l_+~900!!!!!:F~8-,!H~R~~--=-+--~
18 Ni
eo REP IRED, G e A 0.65 1N} 8.5 Co
o WELD CL 0 0 .6.0.40 1N
PLATE
"".6.HAZ Mo
Ti
AI
::c 300 ;ALCULATIONS BASED ON
::c t; 0 1.6 ~.LJJ..=+=--+-----lr----~--~ 18 Ni (200)
~Zb Maraging
O"'<
z I= a:: NOTCH STRENGTH RATIO
(I) 1.4 L---....L..---'------l'----.1.- ---1
0 2 6 8 10
STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR-~ 180
FIG. 3.02711 EFFECT OF STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR
ON NOTCH TENSILE STRENGTH AND NOTCH
STRENGTH RATIO OF 200 KSI CVM BAR (2, p. 2) 160 L...--.1....--...l....--..1.:..---' ----1
0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16
FeI8N1 8. SCoMoTi Al(200)
0.65 AND 0.40 IN PLATE CRACK DEPTH/SHAPE FACTOR u/Q
!2 1600F, I HR, AC FIG. 3. 02723 EFFECT OF DEFECT GEOMETRY ON NET
24 0 +900F R .M:..!-----,.,q;l!.,.,_---1-----ii--- 1 FRACTURE STRESS FOR WELD SECTIONS,
PLATE REPAIRED I?BFECTS, AND HEAT-AFFECTED
D. 0.65 IN ZONE FOR !'LATE. COMPUTATIONS SHOW
Oe0.401N EXPECTED ~ELATION FOR SEVERAL
o o T ----I--~'..J747",>4Y~'L"+----i SELECTED V.\LUES OF Klc (24)
eL

CRACK DEPTH/SI!APE FACTOR, a/Q

FIG. 3. 02722 EFFECT OF DEFECT GEOMETRY ON NET FRACTURE
STRESS FOR PLATE. COMPUTATIONS SHOW EXPECTED
RELATION FOR SEVERAL SELECTED VALUES OF K1c
(23)

FeI8Ni8.5CoMoT1AI (200)
PLATE, GTA WELDED
16SOF, I HR, AC+

1.00
TIO WELDED+ 900F, 8 HR, AC
1'\-- 1---
..... 1--- ~-- I
--
9:!-0o 11-- NO

,!,!
0.80
' '~ ... ... I
\ ~'b
I FAILURES
241 R
:.:
...... ...... '
:.:
:::1 t--- -- -- t--'/
0.60
HUMIDITY PLATE THICKNi!ss Ku /K1c
50% DRY RATIO OF APPLIED STRESS

0 0.62 IN 't, INTENSITY FACTOR TO
0 0.62 1N HAZ CRITICAL STRESS JNTENSL

A

.6.
0.40 IN~
o.r IN AI
ITY FOR INSTANT

FiCTUREI

0
I I
12 16 20 24 28
I
32 36
TIME HR
FIG. 3.02724 EFFECT OF HUMIDITY AND APPLIED STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR ON
TIME REQUIRED TO CAUSE FRACTURE OF TIO WELDED PLATE
(12, p. 40)

CODE 1223
, .., PAGE 15
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1966

Fe-18Nl8. SCo-Mo-n Al(200)

Fe BAR
18 Ni !SOOP, I HR
220 +AGE 900P, 3 HR
8.5 Co .......... 200 KSICVM

Mo
!80
1'--- r--..:.::
PTU
220
Ti
---...... r---

""
AI
~ 140
~'-..... !80 i!i
18 Ni (200)
...i: ~ r---., \
Maraging 100 ~ 140
J=
\
80
RA _...... 100

~
lZl 40
(.)
0.:
...
lZl
e ........
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TI!ST TEMP - P
FIG. 3. 0312 EFFECT OF TI!ST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPER TillS OF 200 KSI CVM BAR
(l,p.l,2)

FeI8NI8.5Co -MoTIAl (200)

PLATE, SHEET, HEAVY SECTIONS
ISOOF, I HR, AC
+900F, 3 H
EXPOSEDATT I!STTEMP P
FO 30 MIN

100
i::
"''
1-o 90
..:
"'
0
'!-o
z
lZl
80
(.)
0.:
"'...
70

50 L---~----~----~-----L----~----~----J
400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
TI!ST TBMP F
FIG. 3.0313 EFFECT OF TI!STTEMPERA TURE ON YIBLDSTRENG TH OF 18 NJ
MARAGING STEELS AGED AT 900F FOR 3 HR AND SHOWING
RELATION OF 200 CVM STEEL WITHIN SCATTERBAND OF OTHER
MARAGING STEELS (3,p.30)

CODE 1223
PAGE - 16
 FeUH
MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS

0 130 Fe-1 N1-8.5CO-Mo- n- (200) Fe

PLATE, SHEET, HEAVY SECTIONS
1500F, 1 HR, AC 18 Ni
TEMP - F
120'i--'lll!'--'lrl- --+'+900F, 3HR, EXPOSED AT TEST 8.5 Co
FOR 30MlN

Mo
110 Ti
AI
100

l- 18 Ni (200)
90 Maraging
""
..:

"'0
""zCJ
"l 80
..:
"l
"' 70

60~--+--~~~~~-~--~---+--41
e MARAGlNG ST ELS(ALL GRADES
200 CVM DATA FROM FIG. 3.0312

soL---~-~--~----~----~--~---~
-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0314 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON ULTIMATE TENSILE
STRENGTH OF 18 Nl MARAGlNG STEELS AGED AT 900F FOR
3 HR, AND SHOWING RELATION OF 200 CVM STEEL WITHIN
SCATTERBAND OF OTHER MARAGlNG STEELS (3, p. 29)

100
~Fe---18~N~I'8-.~5Co~-M-o0-~T~I--M~(~200~--~---.-----r-----T-----~
BAR
1500F, 30 MIN, AC
+900F, 3 HR
80

L---~
20L-~--L-----L-~--~----~----L-----L-----

-400 0 400 800 1200

TEST TEMP- F

FIG. 3.0331 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON CHARFY VNOTCH IMPACT STRENGTH

OF BAR lN 200 CVM CONDITION (1, p.ll)

CODE 1223
PAGE 17
FeUH FERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1966

1400
Pe18NI7. 6Co4Mo Pel8N17.8Co4Mo0.2 Fe18Nl7,6Co4.3Mo t ..J
Fe 0.2TI0.1Al n-o.1A1 0,2TI0.07Al
STAND AGE AS INDIC
18 Ni TESTED AT 40P
1200 VALUE
8.5 Co MAX AVG MIN

Mo ...~
" """"" um.AC }
0 0 ~
(0,6 IN PLATE)
ST !SOOP, 1 HR,AC
1000
Ti
...a:
(II v ... (0.4 TO 0,5 IN PLATE .AGE
ST lSOOP, 1 HR, AC
+ 16SOP, 1 HR, AC
8 HR
AI
"'..:1 BOO .41:00.6

18 Ni (200) .
2S
~
INPLATB)

;!::
Maraging 600

AGING TEMP P
FIG. 3.0332 EFFECT OP VARIOUS SOLUTION TREATMENTS AND AGING TEMPERA
n.JRE ON ENERGY ABSORPTION IN PRECRACKED CHARPY IMPACT
TESTS AT 40P (11)

.... ,.

1800
VAWE
MAX AVG MIN

1600
-"
& ,(0, "
6 'IN PLA ACJ
....
' TEl
0 0 ~ ST ISOOP I HR AC AGE 8
(0. -l 0. 5 IN PLATli)

...2!i 1400
v ST lSOOP, 1 HR, AC HR
+ 16SOP, 1 HR, AC
(0.4 T00.61N PLATE!

...a:
(II

1200
~
2S
~ 1000
;!::

4 PLATES
6ooL---~~--~-L~----~----~~----~--~
850 900 950 850 900 950 850 900 950
AGING TEMP P
FIG. 3.0333 EPPECT OP VARIOUS SOWTION TREATMI!NTS AND AGING
TEMPERAnJRES ON ENERGY ABSORPTION IN PRECRACKED
CHARPY IMPACT Tl!STS AT 200P (II)

CODE 1223
PAGE 18
 FeUH
MARCH1966 FERROUS ALLOYS

\
(.2;: PeI8Ni7.9 Co4.2MoT h\l( Fe
0.6 IN PLATE
1500P, I HR, AC 18 Ni
+AGES HR
8.5 Co
Mo
Ti
AI
2000
18 Ni (200)
20
0: Mo raging
..."'
"'
..I 1600
20
~
;!:
1200

PRECRACKED CHARPY SPECIMEN 0.575 x 0.394 IN

COBALT CONTENT WITHiN SPECIFIED LIMITS

400 ~--~--------------~-- -------------- ~~

8!i0 900 950
MARAGE TEMP P (FOR 8 HR)
PIG. 3.0334 EI'PECT OP MARAGING TEMPERATURE, TEST TEMPERATU RE
AND SPECIMEN ORIENTATION ON ENERGY AllSORPTION IN
IMPACT TEST OP PRECRACKED CHARPY SPECIMEN
(9, 1bl. 9)

PeI8NI 34Co4. 21 oO. 19TI 0. 09Al(200)

HEAVY FORGINGS
(ENTRANCE FLANGE 120 SS NOZZLE SHELL)
ISOOP, I HR, AC
3200 -+690 TO 900P, 4 HR
WELDED WITH ARMETCO WIRE

0 100 200

TP.ST TEMP P
PIG. 3.0335 EPPECT OP TEST TEMPERATURE ON ENERGY ABSORPTION
IN PRECRACKED CIIARPY IMPA(.'T SPECIMENS PROM HEAVY
FORGING INCLUDING PARENT MI!TAL, WELD AREA AND
HEATAPPE CTED ZONE (6,p.55)

CODE 1223
PAGE 19
...
r11:0un
FERROUS ALLO YS MARCH 1966

200
Fe Fe-18NI-8 .5Co-Mo-T I-Al (200) i
.\_..
1SOOF, 1 HR, AC
18 Ni +900F, 3HR
180
8.5 Co
Mo
160
Ti
AI
140
18 Ni (200)
Marag ing
~ 120

100

80

60

105
NUMBER OF CYCLBS
FIG. 3.051 FATIGUE STRENGTH IN ROTATING BEAM BENDING (4,p.3)

25 L-----~-----L-----L----~----~~--~
0 30 60 900 30 60 90
DEGREES FROM ROLLING DIRECTION
FIG, 3.0621 EFFECT OF COLO WORK.JtBSOLUTION TREATMENT AFTER
COLD WORK,AND DIRECTION RBLATIVB TO COLD WORK ON
DYNAMIC MODULUS (12, p. 378 -383)
 r~;.n''"v- .- .. - - - -
MARCH 1966

Fe
18 Ni
8.5 Co
Mo
REFEREJ-CES
Ti
Vanadium Allays Steel Co., "Vascomax 200 CVM,"
AI
Ready Referenc e Data Sheets, (!965)
2 Internati onal Nickel Co., "111\t Nickel Maraglng Steels,
Data Bulletin, " (Nov. 1964)
18 Ni (200)
Campbell, J. E., Barone, F.). and Moon. D.P., "1be
3
Mechanical Properti es of the 18 Percent Nickel Maraglng
M 0 gi g
ar n
Steels," DMIC Report 198, (Feb. 1964)
4 Internati onal Nickel Co., "111\t Nickel Maraglng Steels,
Summary Data," (March 30, 1965)
r
5 Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., "260 Inch Diamete
Motor Fabricat ion Program ; Material s and Process Evalu
atlon Program Subtask II, " Phases I and II, Lukens Plate
R-599-1, Document No. 40-4, (May 1964)
r
6 Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., "260 Inch Diamete
Motor Fabricat ion Program ; Evaluation !J1 the Forged
Documen t No.
Components for the 120-SS Nozzle Shell,"
40-10, Quly 1964)
r
7 Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., "260 Inch Diamete
Motor Fabricat ion Program ; Evaluation of Solutions An
t No.
neallng Tempera tures for 260-SL-1 Plate," Documen
40-11, (Aug. 1964)
ses
8 Lewis, R. E., "Fractur e Toughness In Plate Thicknes
Pro-
of 18 Nickel Maragln g Steels," Third Maraglng Steel
ject Review, RTD-TDR-63-4048, p. 388, (1963)
9 Aerojet General Corporat ion, "Informal Final Report,
Process Evaluatloo Program 623A," (1964)
10 Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., "Materia l Charac
ter!Zatlo n Report, Second 260 Inch Chamber and Nozzle
Shell, " (March 1965)
II Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., "Materia l Charac
terlzatlo n Reports, First 260-SL Chamber and Nozzle
Shell," (Nov. 1964)
Nl
12 Lewis, R. E., "Anisotr opy of Young's Modulus In 18
Maragln g Steel," Third Maraglng Steel Project Review,
RTD-mR -63-4048 , p. 369, (1963)
18
13 Romine, H. E., "Plane Strain Fracture Toughness of
"
Nl (250) and 18 Nl (200) Maraglng Welded Steel Plate,
U.S. Naval Weapons Laborato ry Report No. 1959, Oan.
1965)
( 14 Crimmin s, P. P., "Evaluation of High Nickel Maraglng
~; Steel for Application In Large Boooter Motor Applica-
'f
j tions," Third Maraglng Project Review, Rm-roR -63-
4048, pp. 96-184, (Nov. 1963)
t: 15 Boeing Co., Aero-Sp ace Dlvlolon, "Large Motor Case
7.'
.~.
Technology Evaltatl on," First Year Summary Progreso
i; Report, Vol. I, Qune 1965)
f 16 Aerojet General Corp. Specification AGC 34315, Amend
ment I, (April 3, 1964)
!; 17 Aerojet General Corp. Specification AGC 34316, Amend-
ment 1, (April 3, 1964)
18 Aerojet General Corp. Specification AGC 34326 (Super-
.. sedes Amendment 1, Dec. 27, 1963), (March 19, 1964)
tlon
19 Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., "Materia l Speclflca
LMSC 5050026, (Sept. 27, 1965)
Audener , R. E. and Tenner, W. S,, "Evaluation ol High
20
Nickel Steel for Appllcat lonlnLar geBooot er Motor Appli-
cation, ASD Contract AF 33(657)-8740, Aerojet General
Corp., Sacrame nto, Californi a, Report 0705-82Q2,
(Dec. 1962)
",, 21 Clark, C. C .. Internati onal Nickel Co., "l'eraona l Com
munlcatl on with W. F. Brown, Jr.," (1962)
22 Tiffany, C. F. and Masters, ). N., "Large Motor Case
Technology Evaluation, " Progreu Report, Boeing Co.
Contract AF 33(615)-1623, (Dec. 1964)
23 Tiffany, C. F. and Masters, ), N., "Large Motor Case
Technology Evaluation, " Progreos Report, Boeing Co.
( Contrac:t AF 33(615)-1623, (Much 1965)

CODE 1223
PAGE 21
ROBERT P. WE I

1. GENERAL 1.04 Composition

This steel is one of a class or marnglng types that 1.041 Spoclfled composition.
developes yield strengths up to 350 ksi primarily
as a result of complex precipitation reactions In a
1.0411 ASTM speclfled composition, Table 1. 0411. Fe
very low carl>on Fe-Ni martensite. Tbe marag1ng 18 Ni
steels were designed to have superior resistance to TABLE 1.0411
crack propagation at high strength levels. In the 18Ni 9 Co
ma:rag1ng stoels, transformation from austenite to ISoorce A~/1\

martensite occurs above room temperature (200 to Form Plates 5 Mo

400F). !Ugh strength is then developed by aging.
Type of Analysis
Three composition ranges have been specified corre- Ladle Check Ti
sponding lo typical yield strength grades of 200, 250 Percent Permissible
and 280 kai; the latter grade, considered bere, being Variations AI
more frequcnUy designated as 300 kai. The varlons Min Max Percent
yield strength grades diller principally In the amounte
or tiianlum, molybdenum and cobalt In the composition, Ca:tbon - 0.03 + 0.005
-- 18 Ni
(material with yield strength up to 350 kai may be Manganese - 0.10 + 0.03 Maraging
obtained from some producers through further ad- Phosphorus - 0.010 + 0.002
justments in composition). Tbe nomlnal composition Sulfur - 0.010 + 0.002 000)
or the 300 -grade is Fo-18Ni-9Co-5 Mo, with tiianlum
in the range 0. 5 to 0. 8 percent. Tho actual strength
Sllicon
Nickel
-
18.0
0.10
19.0
+ 0.02
:!: 0.20
level and toughness will vary considerably within the Cobalt 8.0 9.5 :!:. 0.20
composition limits and can also depend strongly on the Molybdenum 4.6 5.2 :!:. 0.10
processing history. High fracture toughness, Tiianlum 0.55 0.80 :!:_0.05
compared with other types or quenched and tempered Aluminum 0.05 0.15 :!:. 0.03
stoels, characterizes a properly processed sheet Boron 0.003
product. The toughness and impact properties or Zirconium 0.02
heavy soctions are superior to those of conventional Calcium 0.05
medium-carl>o n, low-alloy ultrahlgh-strcn gih steels Iron Balance
heat treated to tensile strcngih levels in excess of
250 kal. However, the fracture properties of heavy *AddiUons
sections .can be directional and nre lowest in the short
transverse direction. This directlonabllit y 1s in-
fluenced by tho meltiog and processing eondlt!ons.
Corrosion and oxidation resistance are somewhat better
than 4340 steel. Resistance to envlronmenL-IUleisted
crack propagntlon 1s better than 4340 steel at IU"l
equivalent level of tensllo strength. Hydrogen
embr!tUes the marnglng steels, but they exhlhlt a
greater tolerance for hydrogen than conventional low-
alloy stools. Formability ls excellent in tho annealed
condition. The steel is readlly machined In u,e an-
nealed condition and can be machlned In the fully aged
condition. A high degree of dimensional slnhlllty is
maintained throughout heal treatment. Welding roqulres
special precautions and tho toughness of tho weld
deposit is generally below thnt or the parent metal.

1.01 Commercial Designation

18NI Maraglng Steel, 18Ni Co Mo, 18-9-5,
V118Co Max 300 CVM, RSM 300, Almar 18, 1.0412 AMS, specified composition, Table I. 0412.
Marvac 300.

1.02 Alternate Designations

18 Ni- (300) maraglng steel, 300 grade maraglng TABLE 1.0412
steel, 18 percent nickel preclpllation-b ardcnlng
stoel, Grade C -MAR - 18 - 300 Source AMS('IO)
Allov Fe-18NI-9Co-5 Mo-Tl-Al
1. 03 SpecUlcatlons
1. 031 Form CVM sheet StriP. Diate
ASTM A538 - GS, Grado C for plates (1, pp. 818 -
821) """ ent
1.032 SAE - AMD SpocUlcatlon for wrought products, Mlnimum Maximum
Table 1. 032.
Carbon -- 0.03
Manganeso -- 0,10
Phosphorus
Sulfur
--
--
0.010
0.010
TABLE 1.032 Sill con
Nickel
----
18.00
0.10
19.00
AMD Form CondiUoP. Cobalt 8.50 9.50
Molybdonum 4.60 5.20
Titanium 0.50 0.80
64BR-l Bars, forgings Annealed Aluminum 0.05 0.15
tubing, and Boron 0.003
rings, CVM Zirconium* 0.02
Calcium 0.05
!roll BaiaDce

1. 033 AMS 6521 for C\'M shoot, strip, and plate. *Additions

CODE 1225
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969

1.042 Producer's specified compi"Jsition, Table 1. 042. 1.07 Forms and Conditions Available
1.071 This steel is available In bars, rods, wires, sheets,
Fe plates, tubing, shapes, extrusions and forging stock
in the bot-worked or annealed condition. Sheet is
18 Ni TABLE 1.042
also available in the annealed and cold-worked condition
9 Co Source VASCO (2)
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice
Tvoe of Anal vsis Ladle Chook
1.081 Electric furnace air melting with or without vacuum
5 Mo Percent Peruent
degassing, induction vacuum melting, consumable
Ti under over electrode vacuum remelting. Low carbon content and
Min Max Min Max residual element content require high quality raw
materials. Vacuum melting Is recommended (2).
AI Carbon - 0.02 - 0.01 Carbon sbculd be kept well b!'low the specified o. 03
Manganese
Phosphorus
-- 0.10
0.010
-
-
0.01
0.003
percent maximum (see 18 Nl (250) maraglng steel).
18 Ni 1.082 Room temperature tensile properties of air and
Sulfur
-
- o. 010 -- 0.003 vacuum melted slab, Table 1. 082.
Maroging Silicon 0.10 0.01
TABLE 1.082
Nickel 18.00 19.00 0.20 0.20
(300) Cobalt 8.50 9.50 0.15 0.15 Source (8)
Molybdenum 4.60 5.00 0.10 0.10 Alloy Fe-l8NI-9Co-5Mo-Tl-Al
Titanium 0.5il 0.70 0.04 0.04
2 l/2 to 2 3/4 inch thick slabs,
Aluminum 0.05 0.15 0.02 0.01 Form
Boron
Zirconium*
- 0.02
0.006 - 0.003
Melting Practice
short transverse (ST)
Air Melt CVIII
Calcium+ 0.05 290 290
Ftu, ksl
Iron Balance
Fty, ksl 280 273
Additions e(2 In), percent 3 10
RA, percent 7 25
1.09 Special Considerations
1.043 Modifications. Steels containing greater amounts of 1.091 General. The heat-to-heat variabU!ty of this steel
titanium, but conforming otherwise to ASTM A538- within the composition limits given in Table 1. 04 Is
65, Grade C, specification, are produced to meet higher than that normally encountered for low-alloy,
ntrength specifications. Refrigeration after annealing heat-treated steels such as 4340. Special consideration
may be necessary to minimize the amount of retained should also be given to directionality of mechanical
austenite in the steel prior to agtng (45) properiies, the possibility of high temperature
embrittlement, and high tolerance for hydrogen.
1.05 Heat Treatment Weldments present special problems which are dis-
1.051 Anneal. 1450 to 1650F, 1 hour per inch of thickness, cussed under 4. 03.
15 to 3() minutes minimum, air cool, generally is 1.092 VariabUlty of properties. The yield strength and
recommended. Double rumealing treatment of 1650 - toughness of aged material will vary from heat to heat
1700F, 1 hour, air cool, plus 1500 -l550F, l hour, within the speclfled composition limits (e. g. see
air cool, is also recommended. Selection of an Figure 3.0217 and Table 3.027231). The variation In
optimum annealing temperature in terms of strength strength Is caused primarily by differences In the
and toughness will depend on the prior thermal- content of strenghtening elements, and also arises
mechanical history. Generally, annealing temper- from differences in the melting and processing history
ature should be kept b~low 1800F to prevent excessive (9)(10)(11), Generally the toughness will decrease with
grain coarsening and to avoid thermal embrittlement those factors that tend to increase the yield strength,
(see 1.043, 1.094, and 18Ni (250) maraging steel). such as cold work retained after annealing (see
1.052 Age. 700 to 950Jo'. air cool. Full age is generally Figure 3.027151), increased titanium content (see
recommended, 875 to 925F, 3 hours, air cool. Broad Figure 3.0217), or reduced testing temperature /see
latitude in aging treatment is avallable through proper 3. 0371 and 3. 0372). The influence of melting practice
combinations of aging time and temperature. on the mechanical properties is not well understood;
Structures that arc badly segregated may not age in a however, toughness Is Improved with a reduction in
normal manner and austeaite reversion may be the residual element content (see 18 Nl (250)
encountered. Structures that have undergone maraging steel) and Is affected by processing hbtory
austeaite reversion may be restored to strength by re- (see 1. 094). At this time It is recommended that for
annepJJng and aging. Agi.'lg after severe cold working criticcl applications the agingresponse regarding
should be avoided (see 1. 09). strength ano! toughness be determined for each boat.
1.053 Special Consideration. Decarburization limits are 1.093 Directionality. !Ieavy sections of this alloy and other
not applicable to this steel because of the low carbon bigh-strer -;th steels can exhibit a banded structure
content. Care should be taken, however, to avoid which Is associated with alloy segregation. If the bands
surface carburization, sulfu:ization, and excessive contain a high concentration of non-metallic inclusions
oxidation. (titanium carbonitri1es, titanium sulfides or oxides),
the short transverse ductility anl! toughness may be
1.06 Hardness cbnsidcrably lower than the corresponding longitudinal
1.061 Typical hardness for annealed condition, 30 to 37 proporiies (see Figure 3. 021443 and 18 Ni (250)
Rockwell C (3)(4)(5). maraging steel). Under those circumstances the
1.062 Typical hardness for fully aged material, 51 to tiS banillng CIID result in delaminatlons or splitting In the
Rockwell C (3)(4)(5). plane of the bands. In s"!vere cases splitting may
1.063 Effect of annealing temperature and aging on hardness, occur during shearing or forming operations, or may
Figure l. 063. be produced by thermal stresses induced by flame
~. 004 Effect of aging temperature and time on hardness. (or plasma arc) cutting or welding. It should be noted
L'J'1~41 Effect of aging temperature and time on hardness of that in banded structures the apparent fracture
plate, Figure 1. 0641. toughness for cracks propagating In a direction
Effect of aging temperature and time on hardness of perpendicular to the bands will be high"r than that for
cold rolled and annealed sheet, Figure l. 0642. crack propagation in the other directions because of
1.065 Hardenability. Air cooling from anneal followed by momentary crack arrest and reinitiation at the de-
. .
 FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 FERROUS ALLOYS

,,
-l;._,_.,i
however, reduces the general level o! ductUity a.'ld 2.023 Magnetic properties.
tougbness to the other directions. The degree or 2.0231
banding and lte influence on the mecbanlcal properties
D.C. magnetic properties. Permeability at 200
oe1steds - 77. 5. Saturation induction equals 21. 2
Fe
Is related to the melting and processing practices kilogauss at 1300 oersteds (32)
employed. In this respect particular attention should 2.02311 D. C magnetic properties of forging at dlCferent
18 Ni
be given to Sections 1.08, 1.094 and 4.01. By very
careful control of the melting and processing technique!
temperatures, Table 2. 02311. 9 Co
lt Is possible to reduce the amount or banding and to TABLE 2. 02311
mlnlmlze lte deleterious effects on the transverse Source
5 Mo
(22, p. 118)*
properties of heavy sections (12)(13).
1.094 Isothermal embrittlement. This steel may be Allcv Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-_Tl..Ai Ti
severely embrittled by certain high temperature
thermal treatments lnvol ved in processing and
CVM, 1500F, 1 hr, WQ + 900F AI
Condition 3 hrs Rc=51-53
fabrication. The most severe embrittlement results
from prolonged exposure in the temperature range *Induction <Bti~/or H=250
1500 to 1800F following heating to 2200 to 2400F and Is oersteds - ogauss
18 Ni
caused by the precipitation of TICN particles at
0. 014 Inch Thick
Maroging
austenite bounrlarles and the marked coarsening of the
austenite grains during high temperature beating (14).
Test Temp- F SolldR!ng Laminstions (300)
This condition would be encountered lC the alloy Is 72 17.6 18.1
allowed to cool very slowly following prior hot-working. 300 17.4 ----
For this reason hot-working should be followed by as
rapid an air cool as posslble.(14)(15). Heavy sections
500
ROO
16.8
15.1
----
15.0
wolded by high hel\t Input process may also exhibit this *Tested in accordance with ASTM A341-64 Cor solid
embrittlement. and ISDllnated Rowland ring samples.
1.095 Hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen embrittles thls
alloy but It exhibits a greater tolerance for hydrogen 2.02312 D.C. magnetization curves for forging tested in air.
than other high strength steels, such as 4340, at Figure 2. 02312.
considerably lower strength levels. This has been 2.02313 Room temperature d. c. magnetization curves for
demonstrated by both tensile tests and static fatigue forging before and after aging at 800F (tested in nlr),
tests. Charging conditions (0. 02 amps per square inch Figure 2. 02313
for 5 minutes) that severely reducd the reduction of 2.0232 A.C. magnetic properties.
area of 4340( Ftu = 230 ksl) have no effect on this grade 2.02321 A. C. magnetic properties of forging at dlfferent
of maraglng steel. Sufficiently severe charging temperatures, Table 2. 02321.
conditions will reduce the ductility of this steel;.
however, recovery by baking Is much more rapid than TABLE 2.02321
observed for 4340 (3)(16)(17). A bake or 24 hours at
400~00F usually restores their full mechanical Source (22, p. 118)*
properties (3). Electroplating and acid chemical
Alloy Fe-18Ni -9Co-5Mo-Ti -AI
contouring do not appear to embrittle this steel (18)
(19), though t!peclCic processes should be checked Condition CVM, 1500F, 1 hr, WQ + 900F, 3 hrs, Rc=51-53
by control teste before adoption. Form Fol'lrtnst (tested as 0. 014 Inch thick laminations)
Test Exciting Volt-Ampere Core Loss
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Temperature (For B=10 kilogauss, @ 500cps) watts/lb
F volt-amp/lb
2.01 Thermal Properties
72 285 116
2.011 Melting range approximately 2600 to 2650F.
300 294 118
2.012 Phase changes. Alloy transforms to martensite on
500 308 119
slow cooling from annealing temperature. 118
800 336
Ms = 300F and Mr = 200F approximately; these
:cmpcratures depend on the alloy composition (7).
Austenite reversion occurs on averaging which depends
* Tested in accordance with ASTM A343~0 T wattmeter method
except that ring samples were used.
on time and temperature (20) (see 18 Ni (250)
marnglng steel). Length change from maraglng, which
varies with processing history, is approximately 0. 08 2.024 EmissivitY
percent (3). 2.025 Damping capacity.
2.0121 Time- temperature-transformation diagrams.
2.0122 Austenite-to-martensite transformation curve, 2.03 Chemical Properties
Figure 2. 0122. 2.031 Corrosion resistance.
2.013 Thcrmnl conductivity, Figure 2.013. 2.0311 General. Atmospheric environments, such as
2.014 Thermal expansion. 75 to 900F, 5. 6 x 10~ inch per industrial and marine at~r,,>spheres, corrode the
Inch per degree F (3). maraglng steels 0.0005 to 0.001 .nch per year,
2. 0141 Mean coefficient of thermal expansion from 75F, about half that of normal high strength low alloy
Figure 2. 0141. steels. Static Immersion tests shuw the average
2.015 Specific heat. Figure 2. 015. corrosion rate to be 0. 003 Inch per year In quiet
2.016 Thermal dlffusivity. sea water and 0. 005 to 0. 007 Inch per year In flowing
sea water, both rates being essentially the same as
2.02 Other Physical Properties control samples of 4340 and HY -so steelq. The
2.021 Density. 0. 29 lb J.ICr cu In, 8. 0 gm per cu ern (2)(3)(4). maraglng steels corNde substantially In tap water,
2. 022 Electrical resistivity. Electrical reslstivi!y Increases some neutral salt ~olutions, and some Inorganic anJ
within the indicated ranges primarily with titanium organic acids; howevtr, their corrosion rate Is
content (3). lower than that of low alloy steels ilea treated to high
As annealed at 1500F, 23.6-27.5 microhm -In strength levels. In genr..ral, the maraglng steels
60 - 70 microhm -em should be protected fror. exposure to corrosive
1\laragcd. 3 hours- 900F, 13.8-23.6 microhm -In solutions by some means such as a suitable coating.
35 -60 microhm -em Conventional cathodic protection, as with zinc anodes,
(Typical value at nF. 15. 0 microhm - In is not r~commended because of the danger of hydrogen
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969

2.0312 Stress corrosion cracking. This maraglng steel 3.013 Producer guaranteed mechanical properties for CVM
Fe exhibits better stress corrosion reslslsnce than other sheet, strip, and plate, Table 3, 013.
low alloy high strength steels, such as 4340 heat treated
18 Ni to high strength levels; however, a suitable coating is
recommended (3)(23)(25). Two point loaded beam TABLE 3.013
9 Co type specimens and U -bend specimens tested In
Source (3)
Industrial and marine atmospheres, and In sea water,
5 Mo gave widely varying results (21)(23)(25) which may be !Alloy Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
caused In part by dliferences In processing history.
Ti Delayed failure and increase In the rate of fatigue !condition M.lll annealed + 900 + 10F. 6 hrs
crack growth occur in water environment; however, Form CVM sheet, strip, and plate, L and T
AI the sensitivity to moisture enhanced crack growth ~hickness 1- Inch Under 0.045- 0.065- 0.09(). 0.125- 0.250-
Is less than that for 4340 (24){26)(27)(28). 0.045 0.064 0.089 0.124 0.249 or over
2. 03121 Effect of aging treatment on delayed failure of sheet
18 Ni in distllled water at 70F, Figure 2. 03121. Ftu, minimum - ksl 285 285 285 285 285 285
2. 03122 Delayed failure charact&l'lsLics of plate In distilled Fty, minimum - ksl 275 275 275 275 275
Maroging water at room temperature, Figure 2. 03122. e(O. 5 In) minimum-
275

(300) 2.03123 Delayed failure characteristics of sheet and plate In

3 percent salt solution at room temperature,
percent
je(1 in) minimum-
- 4.0 - - - -
2. 03124
Figure 2.03123.
Delayed fail:re characteristics of plate in several
percent
je(2 In) minimum-
- 2.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 9.0
environments. Figure 2. 03124. percent
- - 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0

3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

3.01 Specified Mechanical Properties

3.011 ASTM specified mechanical properties for plate,
Table 3.011.

3.014 Producer guarantee<! mechanical properties for CVM

billets, bars, rtds, v..t~es, shapes, and extrusions,
Table 3.014.

TABLE 3.011

Source ASTM (l) TABLE 3.014

Alloy Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-Tl-Al --.
Source 121
1500-1750F, 1 hr l"'r In, 1 hr minimum
Condition AC or WQ + 900 :!:_25F, 4 hra ~r Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Tl-AI
1700F, 1 hr minimum, AC + 1500F, 1 hr minimum.
Form Plate, LandT Condition
AC + 900 :!;.10F, 6 hrs
Ftu, minimum - ksl 280 Form CV~I billets, bars, rod, wire. shanes and extrusions
Fty, minimum - ksl 275 to 305
e(2 in), minimum -percent 6 Cross Section
RA (2 In), minimum - percent Dimension
Round cross section specimens 30 Thickness ,;r D:a1neter - Inches <3 <.3 >3
Reclsngular cross section specimens 25 Width - Inches <3 >3 >3
- 1--
Dlrect!rm
---- L L LT L T
Ftu, minimum - ksi 280 280 280 275 275
Fty, rr.lnlmum- ktii 270 270 270 270 270
e(4D), minimum - pexcent 8.0 8.0 5.0 8.0 4.0
3.012 AMS spacifled mechanical properties for CVM sheet,
strip, and plate, Tnble 3.012. RA, minimum - perl'!ent 40.0 40.0 25.0 40.0 20.0

TABLE 3.012
Source AMS (70)

~ Fe-l8NI-9Co-5Mo-TI- AI ;
Condition !GOOF+ 25,AC + 900F 10 3to5hrs AC
Form CVM, sheet, strip, plato . Lor T*
under 0.030- 0.046- 0.066- O.O<l1- 0.126- 0.251- 0.376 !
Thickness, Inch 0.030 0.045 0.065 0,090 0.125 0.250 0.375 or over J
!
Ftu mlnlmum, ksl 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280
Fty, minimum, ksl 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270
e, minimum, percent
(0.5 Inch) 1.0
---
2.0 --- --- --- --- -- --
(1.0 Inch)
(2.0 Inches
--- 2.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 --- ---
or4D) --- --- --- 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
*T: !or widths 9 Inches and over; L: for widthe less than 9 Inches.
 FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 FERROUS ALLOYS

3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperatures 3. 0213 Effect of annealing treatment on tensile properties.
3.021
3.0211
Tension (see also 3. 027).
Stresr-straln diagrams (see also 3.0311).
3. 02131 Influence of annealing temperature on the tensile
properties of annealed and aged forgings,
Fe
3.02111 Stress-strain curve for annealed and aged bar, Figure Figure 3. 02131. 18 Ni
3.02111. 3. 02132 Influence of annealing temperature on the tensile
8,0212
3.02121
Typical tensile properties.
Producer's typical range of tensile properties, Table 3. 02133
properties of bar, Figure 3. 02132.
Effect of annealing temperature on the tensile proper-
9 Co
,i,' 3.02121. ties or annealed and aged sheet, Figure 3. 02133. 5 Mo
{, .. 3.02134 Effect of annealing temperature and time on the
~ TABLE 3. 02121
; tensile properties of annealed and aged sheet, Ti
i Figure 3. 02134.
Source (3)(4)(29)
' Alloy
3. 02135 Effect of re-solution annealing and aging on the tensile AI
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-'1'1-AI propertiea of sheet subjected to prior austenite
Condition Annealed Annealed + Age reversion treatment, Figure 3. 02135.
1500F, 1 hr 900F, 3 hrs 3. 02136 Effect of resolution annealing time on the tensile 18 Ni
properties of aheet subjected to prior austenite
Ftu- kal 145-170 265-305 reversion treatment, Figure 3. 02136. Maroging
Fty- ksi j 110-130 260-300
e(2 In) - percent 6-15 5-10
{300)
e(1 In) - percent
RA - perc..mi
-
45-60
7-11
30-50
Hardness RC 30-37 50-55

3.02122 Producer's typical tensile properties for bars,

Table 3. 02122.

TABLE 3.02122

Source (30)
Allov Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-TI-Al (Aim Ti 0. 68 weight percent)
Form CVM, 1/2 to 2 Inch diameter rolled round bars, L
Condition 1500F, 1 hr, AC + 900F, 3 bra
Specified Standard Number of
Minimum Mean Deviation Skewness Kurtosis Tests

Ftu- ksl 274 292 6.2 +0.24 -0.25 57

Fty- ksl 265 285 7.1 +0.24 -0.25 57
e(1 In) - percent 9.5 12 0.9 +0.02 -0.30 57
RA- percent 46 54 3 -0.27 -0.40 55
Hardness RC 50.5 53.4 1.0 -0.91 +0.40 55

From 6 to 8 production heats. 0.252 Inch diameter tensile test specimens taken from center to
mid radius locations

3.02123 Typical tensile 1>ropertles of sheet, plate, and bar,

Table 3. 02123.
TABLE 3.02123

Source (21, pp. 33-35, 162.. 171)

Alloy Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-(0.67- 0.701 Ti-Al
Condition CVM, Mill Anneal, 1500F, + Age 900F - 3 hrs
Form 0. 07 Inch thick sheet o. 25 Inch thick plate 7/8 Inch diameter bar
Direction L T L T L
Number of tests* 30 30 30 30 30
Ftu- ksl
Mean 280 284 288 287 282
Minimum 271 267 264 269 272
Maximum 305 297 303 305 291
Standard Deviation 7.2 7.6 13.0 12.9 5.5

Ftu- ksl
Mean 272 272 279 277 272
Minimum 261 261 258 257 259
Maximum 300 291 301 294 285
Standard Deviation 8.7 9.8 14.4 13.7 6.2
3.6 3.5 7.0 6. 7 9.~
e(2 In) -percent
(2.0-5.0) (2. 0-4. 0) (6. 0-8. 0) (5. 0-8. 0) (8.0-10.0)
RA- percent
- - - - 4.1. 5
138.~ ~ 1\

From 3 production heats, ten specimens per heat

FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I9 69

TABLE 3 021424
\ ......./
3.02137 Influence of annealing temperature on tensile
Fe propnrties of annealed and aged billets, Table 3. 02137.
Source (62)

18 Nl A!lov Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-T i-Al

Form 300 lb Lab Vnc Melted Heat
9 Co TABLE 3.02137
1/2 inch Plate, L
ontlition 1500 F, 1 hr, AC + age as indicated
5 Mo Source (42) Aging Treatment Fty Ftu e(11n) RA IE Charpy V
Ti Alloy Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-T i-Al ksl ksi percent percent {t -lb
Form CVM Billets
AI Condition 1650F Anneal + 900F, 3 hrs 1500F Anneal + 900F, 3hrs
None (annealed\ 135 151 19 80 119

Size 900F, 3 hrs 272 278 12 60 24

14 inches sQ 10 in X 7 in 14inches sQ 10 in x 7 in 900F, 1 1/2 hrs, AC +
18 Ni Direction L T L T L T L T 900F, 1 1/2 hrs 280 284 10 50 21
900F, 6 hrs 285 296 12 58 24
MaraginQ Ftu- ksi 304 306 304 302 325 316 310 308
900F, 3 hrs, AC + 900F,
(300) Fty- ksl 297 297 297 293 317 306 302 299 3 hrs 291 _299 11 56 18
RA -percent 49 19 49 24 49 16 46 15 900F, 3 hrs, AC +
e(4D) - percent 11 4 9 6 8 3 9 3 GOOF, 24 hrs 275 279 12 57 20
900F, 3 hrs, AC +
GOOF. 4R hro 276 280 12 61 20
700F, 48 hrs 289 295 12 58 17
700F, 48 hrs, AC +
900F, 3 hrs 312 312 12 54 16
3.0214 Effect of aging on tensile properties.
900F, 3 hrs, AC +
~.02141 Effect of aging on tensile properties of sheet. 700F 48 hrs 284 298 12 57 19
3.021411 EHect of aging time and temperature on the tensile
prop>rties of sheet, Figure 3. 021411. SOOF, 48 hrs 295 304 11 49 19
3.021412 Effect of-Eig!.t!g temperature and time on tensile BOOF, 48 hrs, AC +
propertle;: oi annealed sheet, Figure 3.021412. 900F, 3 hrs 309 311 11 52 19
3.021413 Effect of ~._ging time on tensile properties of air- 900F, 3hrs, AC +
melted an(l vacuum-melted sheets, Figure 3. 021413. BOOF, 24 hts 310 311 10 48 16
3.02142 Effect of aging on tensile properties of plnle. 900F, 3 hrs, AC + SOOF,
3.021421 Effect of aging temperature on tensile properties of 48 hrs 313 315 11 54 16
plate, Figure 3. 021421. 90UF, 3 hrs, AC + SOOF,
3. 021422 Effect of aging temperature on tensile properties of 72 hrs 310 312 10 65 15
hot rolled plate from three heats, Figure 3.021422.
3. 021423 Effect of aging temperature and time on tensile 3.02143 Effect of aging on tensile properties of bar.
properties of laboratory vacuum Induction melted 3.021431 Effect of aging temperature on the ten~lle properties
plate, Figure 3. 021423. of bar, Figure 3. 021431.
3.021432 Effect of aging time on tensile properties of annealed
bar, Figure 3.021432.
3.021433 Tensile properties of annealed and aged bars,
Table 3. 021433.

TABLE 3. 021433

Source (42)
Alloy Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-T l-AI
Form CVM Bars, L
Condition and 1500F Anneal + 900F, 1650F AnnerJ + 900F, 1650F Anneal + 900F,
Tl content 3 hrs, Tl = 0,63 percent 3 hrs, Tl = 0. 76 percent 8 hrs, Ti-D. 76 percent
~9 1 1/2 inch diameter 1 1/4 inch d~ameter 1 inch diameter 1 3/16 Inch diameter

Ftu- ksl 298 302 286 302

Fty- ksl 294 295 276 292
RA- percent 42 43 41 39
e(4D)- percent 9 8 9 8 ;
-

3.02144 Effect of aging on tensile properties of forgings,

billets and slabs.
3. 021441 Effect of aging temperature and maximum forging
temperature on tensile properties of forgings,
Figure 3, 021441.
3.021442 Effect of aging temperature and time on tensile
3. 021424 Effect of duplex aging treatments c:o the tensile procoJrties of forgings, Figure 3.021442.
properties of 300 lb laboratory vacuum melted plate, 3.021443 Effect of aging temperatura on the tensile properties
"r .. l-..1 ... ., n.,1AnA
 FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 FERROUS ALLOYS

3.021444 TensUe properties of annealed and aged billets ,

Table 3. 021444.
TABLE 3.021444 Fe
Source (5)(43) 18 Nl
Allov Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-TI-Al
9 Co
Condition 1500F ,1/2 to 1 hr, AC + 900F, 3 hrs
Form CVM Forged Billets, T 5 Mo
Size 10 Inches square ~ Inches square 5 Inches square 6 Inches round 4 Inches round
Ti
.Location MR c MR c MR c MR c MR c
AI
Ftu - ksl 286 284 282 283 281 279 278 278 279 282
Fty- ksl 277 275 278 279 276 272 273 271 274 272
RA- percent 38 40 41 48 43 44 48 44 37 37 18 Nl
e(4D) percent 8.5 8.5 8.0 10.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 7.0 7.0 Mara gino
TABLE 3.02222 (300)
Source (21, p. 172-178)_
3. 021445 Tensile properties of air and vacuum melted slabs, Fe-18NI9Co-5Mo-TI- AI
Alloy
Table 3. 021445.
CVM, M111 Annenl1500F +
TABLE 3.021445 Condition Age 900F, 3 Hours
1.5 Inch
Source 181 0.25 Inch Diameter
Allov Fe18NI-9Co5Mo-TI-Al Form 0. 07 Inch Sheet Plate Bar
2 1/2 to 2 3/4 Inch Direction L T T L
Form
thick slab, ST F *-ksl
Condition Air Melt CVM cMean 261 270 290 287
Minimum 240 252 275 281
Ftu - ksl 290 290 Maximum 280 289 315 291
Fty- ksl 280 273
RA -percent 7 25 *From three production heats, ten specimens per
e(2 In) - percent 3 10 heat.
3.023 Impact (sec also 3.033).
3. 0215 Effect of cold work on tensile properties.
3.0231 Producers typical Impact properties for bars,
3. 02151 Effect of cold work prior to ;~ging on the tensile
Table 3. 0231.
properties of annealed sheet, Figure 3. 02151.
3. 02152 Effect of cold work prior to aging on the tensile TABLE 3 0231
properties of annealed sheet, Figure 3. 02152. Source (30)
3. 02153 Effect of cold reduction before aging on tensile Allov Fo1SNI-!lCo-5Mo-TI-Al I Aim Tl-0. 68 weldlt percent)
properties of sheet, Figure 3. 02153.
3. 0216 Effcoct of hot working on tensile properties. Form CVI\I 112 to 2 Inches diameter rolled round bars L
3. 02161 Effect of rolling temperature on the tensile properties Condition 1500F, 1 hr, AC + 900F, 3 hrs (mean F 1,= 285 ksl)+
of annealed, rolled and aged sheet, Figure 3. 02161.
Specified Standard Number
3. 02162 Effect of forging temperature on the tensile
Minimum Mean Deviation Skewness Kurtosis of Tests
properties of 5 : 1 upset-forged-pancakes,
Figure 3. 02162.
m Charpy
3. 0217 Effect of titanium on room temperature tensile
V: ft-lbs 12 18.4 2.2 -38.6 -0.40 36
properties of annealed and aged sheets from laboratory
From 6 to 8 production heats
and production heats, Figure 3.0217.
Sec Table 3. 02122.
3.022 Compression. Sec also 3. 032.
3 0221
0 Stress-strain diagrams, sec Figure 3. 0321. 3.0232 Effect of yield strength on Impact properties of 300 Ib
3. 0222 Hoorn temperature compressive yield strength. laboratory vacuum melted plate, Figure 3. 0232.
:J. 02:.!21 Hoom temperature compressive yield strength of 3. 024 Bending.
annealed and aged bar, Table 3.02221. 3.025 Torsion and shear (sec also 3.035).
3. 0251 Typical room temperature ultimate shear strcne'th of
sheet, plate and bar, Table 3.0251.
TABLE 3.0251
TABLE 3.02221
Source 121 ' 179 I85l
Source (5)
Alloy Fe- I 8NI-9Co 5Mo -TI-Al
Allov Fe18NI-9Co-5Mo-TI-Al Condition Mill Anne.u 15001' + A~c 9001',
Form CVM Bar 3 hrs,CVM
Condition Anneal 1500 F, Anneal JfiOOF. Form 0. 07 Inch Sheet 0. 25 inch 7/8 Inch
30 minutes 30 minutes Plate Diameter
+ 900F 3 hours Bar

Fcv - ksl 150 318 Direction L T T L

Fsu - ksl
Mean 173 172 178 181
Minimum 164 161 156 174
l\laxlmum 180 181 189 186
~rom three production heats, ten specimens
3.0:!:!:.!:! Typical room temperature compressive yield strength
nn,.. J.n .. t
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969

3.026 Bearing. 3. 02712 Effect of titanium on sharp notch properties of

Typical room temperature bearing strengths of sheet annealed and aged sheet from laboratory heats,
Fe 3. 0261
and plate, Table 3. 0261. Figure 3. 02712.
3.02713 Effect of annealing temperature on sharp notch
18 Nl TABLE 3,0261 properties.
3. 027131 Effect of &nneallng temperature on the sharp notch
9 Co Source (21, p. 186 - 195) propertiE!s nf 0.03& -Inch aged sheet, Figure 3.027131.
3. 02714 Effect of toglng nn sharp notch properties, see also
5 Mo Allov Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Tl-Al
3.0371.
Condition CVM, Mill Anneal 1500F + Age 900F, 3 hrs 3. 0:!7141 Effect of aging time on the crack strength of alr melt
Ti 1.5 2.0 and CVM 0,04 -Inch sheet, Figure 3.027141.
e/0
3. 027142 Elfect of aging time on the sharp notch properties of
AI 0. 07 Inch Sheet o. 25 In o. 07 Inch Sheet o. 25 In
Forrn 111 ** Plate Plate 0.115 Inch sheet, Figure 3.027142.
3. 027143 Effect of aging temperature on the sharp notch
Direction L T T L T T properties of forged CVM slab, Figure 3.027143.
18 Nl 3. 02715 Effect of cold work on sharp notch properties.
Marooi no *Fbru- ksl 3. 027151 Effect of cold rolllng prior to aging on crack strength
Mean 392 390 403 '507 517 514 of sheet, Figure 3. 02751.
(300) Min 378 369 378 480 492 491 3. 02716 Effect of thickness on sharp notch properties.
Max 403 399 425 524 533 544 3. 027161 Effect of thickness on the crack strength of CVM
plate, Figure 3.027161.
*Fbry- ksl 3.02717 Effect of surface crack size on crock strength.
Mean 356 358 373 432 .. 423 406 3. 027171 Effect of surface crack size on the crack strength of
Min 338 332 320 377 376 373 sheet and plate, Figure 3. 027171.
Max 387 383 399 505 468 489 3.027172 Effect of surface crack length on crock strength of
CVM plate at two titanium levels, Figure 3. 027172.
From 3 production heats, ten specimens per heat . 3. 027173 Effect of surface crack size and specimen size on the
Mean of 29 specimens crack strength of CVM plate, Figure 3. 027173.

,
0. 07 Inch sheet tested In full thickness, fi 25 Inch plate 3. 0272 Fracture toughness (see also 3. 0372).
tested In 0.11nch thickness. 3. 02721 Plane-strain fracture toughness of plate at two
strength levels, Table 3.02721.
4.88

cl-I -t--
TABLE 3.02721
r ..)
-
/ " - - 11.25 Source
AUov
160 o. !!6)
Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-Tl-AI
D
Diameter
J, e 1.0
lo\5 ~ Form CVM 1/2 Inch olatc CVM 1 - Inch plate
Diameter (,5 Condition 1600F, 1 hr, AC + Mlll Anneal +
Diameter 850F, 3 hrs Age 900F, 3 hrs
D e/D
e
Ft - ksl Mn 242 285
0.375 0.25 1.5 K~ (mean)- ksl In 84.5(a) 51. S(b)
0.500 0.25 2.0 Standar.d Deviation
Ci'- ks!Jili 4.67 2.47
(]'f mean Krc o. 0555 o. 0478
3. 0262 Bearing strength of sheet, 1500F, 12 minutes + 900F, (a) 44 tests (b) 38 tests
3 hours (48).
Longitudinal - Fbru =505 ksl, Fbry =408 ksl.
Transverse - Fbru = 479 ksl, Fbry = 384 ksl. 3. 028 Combined properties.
3.0263 Bearing strength of bar, soc Fl~t~~rc 3. 03613.
3.027 Stress concentration.
3. 0271 Notch properties, sec also 3.0272, 3.0371 and 3.0372.
3. 02711 Room temperature tensile properties and crack strength
for high and low chemistry heats, Table 3. 02711.
TABLE 3.02711

Source (6)

Allov Fc-_!8Nl-9Co-5Mo-Tl-Al, 60 lb Vacuum Melts

Condition Low Chemistry (a) High Chemls~ry (b)
1500F, 1~ M!D. + 1500F, 15 Min +
IIR + 900F, 3 hrs 901?F, ~ hl"s IIR + 900F, 3 hrs 900F, 3 hrs

Form Bar Sheet Bar 5hcet. Bar Sheet Bar Sheet

Ftu - ksl 270 ~72 275 266 317 312 318 314
Fty - ksl 267 264 270 262 314 305 314 308
c(4 D) - percont 10 - 14 - li - 11 -
e (2 In) -percent - 6 -
-
6 -56 5 -56 5
RA 59 - 62 30 28
Crack strength - ksl (c) - 205 - 209 - 159 - 138

(a) 8.57 Co, 4.67 Mo, 0.50 Tl, 0.12 Al

(b) 9.40Co, 5.17 Mo, 0.81 Tl, 0.071 AI
(c) See Figure 3.027141 for specimen.
 FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 FERROUS ALLOYS

,.,
.:e

3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures 3.03232 Effect of test temperature on the compressive
3.031 Tension properties of sheet after holding 30 minutes and 1000
3. 0311 Stress-strain diagrams, hours at test temperature, see Figure 3. 03221.
Fe
3. 03111 Typical stress-strain curves for tension at cryogenic, 3.033 Impact.
room nnd elevated temperatures, Figure 3. 03111. 3.0331 Effect of te~t temperature on the impact strength of
18 Nl
3. 0312 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties. bar, billet, and plates from several heats,
3. 03121 Effect of test temperature on the tensile properties of Figure 3. 0331.
9 Co
sheet, Figure 3. 03121. 3.034 Bending.
3. 03122 Effect of test temperature on the tensile properties 3.035 Torsion nnd shear.
5 Mo
of sheets from several heats, Figure 3.03122. 3. 0351 Effect of test temperature on shear properties.
3.03123 Effect of test temperature on the tensile properties of 3.03511 Effect of test temperature on shear ultimate strength
Ti
plate, Figure 3.03123. of sheet, Figure 3.03511.
3. 03124 Effect of test temperature on the tensile properties 3. 03512 Effect of test temperature on shear ultimate strength
AI
of bar, Figure 3. 03124. of plate, Figure 3. 03512.
3. 03125 Effect of test temperature on the tensile properties of 3. 03513 Effect of test temperature on shear ultimate strength
bar, Figure 3.03125. of bar, Figure 3.03513.
18 Nl
3. 0313 Effect of aging treatment nnd test temperature on 3. 0352 Effect of time of exposure at elevated temperature on Maroging
tensile properties, shear properties.
3. 03131 EffP<Jl cf aging treatment and test temperature on the 3. 03521 Effect of 1000 hour elevated temperature exposure
(300)
tensile properties of cold-rolled nnd annealed sheet, oo the shear ultimate strength of shotJt at room
Figure 3. 03131. temperature, Table 3. 03521.
3.0314 Effect of time of exposure at elevated temperatures TABLE 3.03521
on tensile properties.
3. 03141 Effect of 1000 hour elevated temperature exposure
Source {21 p, 1981
on the tensile properties of sheet at room temperature,
Table 3.03141. Allov Fe-18Nl-9Co-5111o-Tl-Al

TABLE 3.03141 Form CVM 0. 07 !ncb Rt onl

Condition 111111 Anneal 1500F + A~e 900F 3 hrs

Source 121, D. 196) 1000 hrs exposure
Allov temperature (RT Ref) GOOF SOOF 1000F
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Tl-Al
Form CVM 0. 07 Inch sheet Direction L IT T L I T T
Comlltlon Mill Anncal1500F +Age 900F, 3 hrs. Fsu- ksi 172 jl75 171 186 1187 124
Exnosurc tcmocraturc IRT Ref) GOOF 800F lOOOF
3.03522. Effect of test temperature on the shear ultimate
Direction L T T L T T strength of sheet after holding 30 minutes and 1000
Ftu - ksl 280 284 293 310 311 203 hours at lost temperature, see Figure 3. 03511.
Fty- ksi 272 272 286 302 305 179 3.036 Bearing.
e(2 in) -percent 3.6 a.. . 3.8 4.0 2. 8 8.5 3.0361 Effect of test temperature on bearing strength.
3.03611 Effect of test temperature on be:irtng strength of
sheet, Figure 3.03611.
3.03142 Effect of test tcmpcrnturc on the tensile properties 3.03612 Effect of test temperature on bearing strength of
of sheet after holding 30 minutes and 1000 hours at plate, Figure 3. 03612.
test temperature, Figure 3.03142. 3. 03613 Effect of test temperature on bearing strenph of
3. 03113 Effect of lost tomporaturo on tho tensile properties of bar, Figure 3. 03613.
C V~l bar after holding 30 minutes nnd 200 hours nt test 3. 0362 Effect of time of exposure nt elevated temperature on
temperature, Figure 3. 03143. bearing strength.
3.032 Compression. 3.03621. Effect of 1000 hour elevated tcmpcrnturc cxpoJurc
3. 0321 Stress-strain diagrams. on the bearing strength of sheet at room temperature.
3. 03211 Typical strees-straln curves for compression nt room Figure 3. 03621.
and olovntod tornporaturos, Figure 3. 03211. 3.03622 Effect of test temperature on tho bearing slr.,ngth ol
3. 032~ t:ffect of test temperature on compressive properties. sheet after holding 30 minutes and 1000 hours at test
3.03221 l'l'fect of test temperature on the compressive temperature, Figure 3. 0362~.
properties of sheet, Figure 3.03221. 3.037 Stress concentration.
a. 0:12~2 Effect of test temperature on the compressive 3. 0371. Notch properties ( soc also 3. 0372).
properties of plate, Figure 3. 03222. 3.03711 Ro~m and low temperature smooth and sharp notch
3. u:1~~3 Effect of lost temperature on the compressive len silo properties of nnnonled nnd ngod sheet,
properties of bnr, Figure 3. 03223. Table 3.03711.
:1.03~3 Effect of time of exposure at elevated temperatures
on compressive properties. TABJ.E 3.0!1711
!l. 0!!2!11 Effect of 1000 hour elevated temperature exposure on
the compressive properties of sheet at room So_urcc (5)

temperature, Table 3.03231. Alloy_ Fc-l8Ni-0Co-5Mo-TI-AI

torm 0. 063 inch sheet
Condition 1500F, 15 mln, AC +
TABLE 3.03231 900F. 3 hrs

Test Temperature HT -320f'

Source 121 p, 1971
Allov Fc-18Nl-0Co-5l\lo-Ti-Al Direction I. T T I.
Form CVM, 0.07 inch shuct Ftu - ksl 29!.1 300 3fi2 !174
Condition Mill Anneal l500F + A~c 900F, 3 hrs Fty - ksi 293 301 352 362
1000 Hours e -percent 4 3 0.5 0.5
Exposure remp (RT He!) GOOF 8UOF lOOOF Nolch strength - ksl 2-14 227 '!15 210
Notch tensile specimens I inch wide, with
Direction L IT T L I T T
600 cd~c notches, 0. 0005/0.0006 Inch root
Fey -i<sl 272 I :!76 278 299 I 316 174 radii
FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969
FERROUS ALLOYS

Effect of test temperature on the strength or sheet 3.05 Fatigue Properties

3.03712
aged at three temperatures, Figure 3.03712. 3.051 Smooth and notched fatigue strength.
Fe 3.03713 Effect or test temperature on sharp notch properties 3.0511 Smooth fatigue strength of annealed and aged bar,
or CVM plate aged at three temperatures, Table 3. 0511.
18 Ni Figure 3. 03713. TABLE 3.0511
9 Co 3.0372 Fracture toughness, see also 3. 0272 and 3. 0371.
3. 03721 Effect or test temperature on the crack strength of Source (5)(65)
5 Mo sheet, Figure 3. 03721. Alloy Fe-18Nl-9Co-5M o-Tl-Al
3.03722 Effect of test tem:>erature on the fracture toughness CVMBar
or plate and bar, Figure 3.03722. Form
Ti 1500F, 30 Min + 900F, 3 Hrs
3.038 Combined properties. Condition
AI Stress Stress Fatigue Strength
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties Method at Cycles - ksl
Ratio Concentration
3.041 Creep properties of 0. 07 Inch sheet at 600 and SOOF,
A R 104 10:. 106 107 106
18 Ni Tabla 3. 041.
Rotating Kt =1 170 145 130 120 110
Maraging TABLE 3.041 Beam 00 -1 Smooth
(300) Kt = 2.2 110 70 57 55 55
Source (21 89-90 2071
D. Notch
Allov Fe-18Ni-9Co-5M o-Ti-Al
Form CVM 0. 07 Inch Sheet rrl
Condition Mil' Anneal 1500F + Age 900F 3 hrs (l't..-Z72ksl
TRmnernture GOOF* 800F 3. 0512 Smooth and notched axial load fatigue strength of CVM
Stress- ksi Time- Hours bar, Table 3.0512,

10 100 1000 10 100 1000 TABLE 3.0512

0. 05 percent creep 230 220

240 230
2lo
220
130
155
- -95**
125 Source 1631
0, 10 percent creep
0.50 percent creep - -- - 200 165 125 Allov Fe-18NI-9Co-5M o-TI-Al
1.0 percent creep - - 210 195 135 Form
Condition
Bar
1500F, 1 br, AC + 900F, 3 hrs (Ftu = 281 ksll
See Fig. 3.03142 for tensile properties nl these temperatures
Method Stress Stress Fatigue Strength - ksl
Values extrapolated
Direction Ratto Concentration at cycles
A R 103 104 105 106 107

Longitudinal Axial 0.82 0.1 Smooth

3.042 Creep properties of bar at 650 and 800F, Load Kt =1 - 230 98 84 84
Table 3. 042. Notched
1St_= 2. 4 - 110 67 53 50
TABLE 3 042 Kt =3.3 - 84 42 22 14
Source 1631 Short Axial 0.8 0.1 Smooth
Allov Fe-18NI-9Co-5M o-TI- Al Transverse Load Kt =1 - 190 93 84 84
Form Bar
1500F,lhr, AC+900F,3brs(Fe v=272 ksi)
Kt =3.3 - 73 39 22 14
Condition
Temoerature - F 650F 800F 3. 0513 Smooth and notch axial fatigue strength of CVM
Tlme-hr forgtngs, Table 3. 0513.
stress- ksl 10 100 1000 10 100 1000

0.1 percent creep 220* 204 185 150 110 --- TABLE 3.0513

--- -- ---
--- ---
0. 2 percent creep 175 135 95*
1 percent creep
Values extrapolated
-- --- 180 110
Source 15411661
Alloy Fe-18Nl-9Co-5M o-TI-Al
~orm CVM r~rglngs

3. 043 Creep pro:velii"lll of c;v IIi forgings at 800F and 900F, Condition 1500F, 1 to 4 brt:, AC + 900F, 3 bra
Table 3.013. Method Stress Stress Fatigue Strength
Ratte Concentration at Cycles - ksl (a)

TABLE 3.043 A In 102 103 104 105 1oG 107

Longltu<lina: Axial 0.82 0.1 Smooth

Source
Alloy
122}_
Fe-1SNI-9Co-5M o-TI-Al
Load Kt =1 - - - 165 130 115
Notched
Form CVM Forging Kt =2 360 250 150 85 70 65
Condition 1500F, 1 Hr, WQ + 900F, 3 Hrs

800F 900F
Short AxW 0.8 0.1 Smooth - - 220 145 110 95
Temoerature Transverse Load Kt = 1
DiTection L T L T 130 75 65 60
Notched 280 200
Stress- ksl 130 130 100 100 Kt = Z
Average creep strain at
(a) Values exhibit large ocatter
100 hours - percent 0.85 0.22 3.5 2.8
 I t;UI I

REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

..... , 3. 0514 Smooth and notched axial load fatigue strength of 3.06 Elastic Properties
0. 07 Inch sheet at room and elevated temperatures. 3.061 Poisson's ratio(see 18 Nl (250) maraJ;lng steel). Fe
Table 3. 0514. 3.062 Modulus of elasticity.

TABLE 3.0514
18 Nl
9 Co
Source (21, p. 74 - 80, 203 - 206
Alloy Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-TI-Al 5 Mo
Form CVM, 0. 07 lncb Sheet
Condition Mlll Anneal 1500F + Ao:e 900F 3 Hours Ti
Method Axial Load tSmooth and Double l!.do:e - Notch l
AI
Stress Test Stress Direction Fatigue Strength* at Cycles - ksl
Ratio Temperature Concentration
F 18 Nl
A R 104 105 106 107
40
Maraging
-1.0 RT Smooth L 150 50 42
"' Kt =1 T 140 65 48 40 (300)
Notch K -3 LandT 55 30 26 25
600 Smooth L 90 75 68 65
Kt = 1 T 100 65 57 56
Notch Kt =3 LandT 60 40 35 32
800 Smooth L 85 75 72 70
Kt = 1 T 105 82 64 62
Notch Kt =3 LandT 54 37 31 28
0.98 0.01 RT Smooth Kt =1 T 155 80 58 57
Notch Kt =3 T 72 38 29 27
600 Smooth Kt = 1 T 130 85 82 82
Notch Kt = 3 T 74 34 27 26
800 Smooth Kt = 1 T 140 100 87 85**
Notch Kt = 3 T 72 51 42 36
0.67 0.20 RT Smooth Kt = 1 T 168 72 63 60
Notch Kt = 3 T 88 39 31 30
600 Smooth Kt =1 T 140 92 91 90
Notch Kt = 3 T 77 42 40 40
800 Smooth Kt = 1 T 165 105 97 95
Notch Kt = 3 T 82 54 44 42

... Based on llmlted number of tests

Values extrapolated

:1.0515 Elevated temperature (650F) smooth and notch axial

load fatigue strength of CVM bar, Table 3.0515. 3. 0621 Static and dynamic moduli for tension at cryogenic,
room and elevated temperatures, Figure 3. 0621.
3. 0622 Static moduli for compression at room and
elevated temperatures, Figure 3.0622.
TABLE 3. 0515 Effect of cold work on static moduli at room
3.0623
(63) temperature, Figure 3. 0623.
Source
3.063 Modulus of rigidity.
Alloy Fc-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-TI-Ai 3.064 Tangent modulus.
Form CVM Bar 3. 0641 Tangent modulus curves at room and elevated
temperature for annealed and aged bar,
Condition 1500F I hr AC + 900F 3 hrs (Ftu = 281 ksl)
Figure 3. 0641.
Direction Method Stress Stress 650F Fatigue
3.065 Secant modulus.
Hatio Concentration Strength - ksi
3. 0651 Secant modulus curves at roam and elevated
temperatures for annealed and aw:d bar. Fih'UrC :1.0651
A H 103 104 105 106 o7

i.ongttudlnai Axial o. 82 0.1 Smooth - 177 151 130 107 4. FADIUCATION

Load "t = I
Notr.:hcd 110 67 42 39 39 4.01 Formabillty
Kt ~ 3.3 4.0ll General. This alloy is hot-worked readily by
conventional rolling and forging operations. and Is
Short Axial 0. 82 0.1 Srnooth - 157 135 107 79 easily cold-worked by conventional procedures In the
Transverse Load Kt =I annealed condition. A preliminary soak at 2300F
:'lotched 56 42 39 39 (homogenizing treatment) is recommended. Provision
92
K!. = 3.3 should be made for adequate work to breal: up the as-
cast structure nnd to minimize dlreclionallty. For
optimum properties, a maximum reheating
temperature of 2000F is suggested prior to final hot-
wor\dng operation; howev~Jr. this temperature will
3.05:! Fatigue crack propagation. depend on the degree nnd method of hot-workin~.
a.05;!i. Influence o! stress Intensity factor K nod test Finishing .Jhould be In the range 1500 to 1800F.
environment on fatigue crack propagation In sheet and accomprualcd by about ~.; percent reduction. Attention
plate at room temperature, Figure 3.0521. to cooling should be given to avoid isothermal
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER ,I969

embrittlement (see 1.094). Hot forming and bending
should be performed at temperatures Wlder 1800F to
Fe prevent grain coarsening. Because of ite low work
hardening characteristics, tb1s alloy may be cold
18 Nl reduced by substantial amo1Dlte before Intermediate
strengths and toughness should be carefully checked
4.035
(34) (see also 18 Nl (250) maraglng steel).
Typical IJ"Iechnnical properties and recommended wire
composll:lona for sheet and plate, Table 4.035.

9 Co annesling is required (re-aJIIlealing will essentially

remove the effecte or cold work). Cold work prinr to
TABLE 4.035
ng1ng will increase the aged strengths but will reduce
~ Mo fracture toughness. Severely cold-worked parte
should be re-annealed (3)(4)(5)(53)(56)(57). Source 1131
Tl 4.012 Forging. Preliminary soak at 2300F for homo- Allo__y_ Fe-18Ni-9Co-5M o-Ti-Al (280 ksi)
genization. Starting temperature of 2000F maximum
AI is preferred. Prebeat for sections greater tban 6
Condition Weld+ 900F 3 bra
l
incbea square 1700 to 1800F, approx1mstely 15 Form 1/2 In plate 0. 072 In sheet
18 Nl minutes per inch of thickness. Finish temperature Process GMA GTA
1500 to 1700F. Reheat at 1800F. Do not delay 18Nl-8.5Co-5Mo 17 .5Ni-9Co-5Mo 17. 5NI-9C0-5Mo
Wire
MaraainQ cooling (see 1. 094). ~.60Tl-o.2Al 0. STI-o. 2Al 1.1Tl-o. 2Al
4.013 Rolling.
(300) 4.0131
4.0132
Bar, Start 2000F maximum.
Plate. Start at 2000F, maximum preferably, and
Procedure_1!tl_ - A B A B
Ftu - ksl (a) 243 265
finish at 1600F, or start at 1750 to 2000F with 285 261 283
reheats at the same temperature and finish rolling Fty - ksl 241 261 280 259 278
at 1500 to 1600F. Cooling to room temperature e(1.4 In) percen 6 - - - -
4.0133
should not be delayed (see 1. 094).
Sheet. Start 1800 to 1900F and finish 1500 to 1600F.
RA- percent 21 - - - -
4.014 Extruding. (a) Specimen transverse to weld.
4.015 Drawing. (b) A= 100 amps, 10 volts, 8 In/min, one pass ffiter added.
B =Two passes. First pass = A; second pass no filler
4.02 Machining and Grindinr, 80 amps, 9 volts 8 in/min over first pass.
4.021 General. This alloy it machined mos\ easUy In the
solution annealed condi\lon. After aging its 4.04 Heat Treatment
machinability is compauble to AISI 4340, at equal 4.041 General. Before beating remove greaee and oU
hardness levEils. Reduce.-:! surface speeds are
(see 4. 05). Furnace funl oU should not contain moro
helpful. Carbide cutters with ample water soluble
thrui n. ;;; percent sulfur by weight: fuel gas not more
coolants are recommended (68) (see also (3)(5)).
than 100 Iota! grains of sulfur per 100 cu ft. Furnace
However, because of its dimensional stubillty,
atmosphere should not be carburizlng. Atmosphere
machining prtor to aging should be considered.
containing 5 percent C02 Is suggested (5). Aging Is
4.03 Welding normally done In nlr.
4.031 General. This alloy is weldable In both the solution 4.05 Surface Treatment
annealed and fully heat treated conditions. Gas 4.051 General. Sand blasting removes oxide scale
shielded processes (GMA and GTA) are suituble Cor effectively. Pickling solution 18 percent sulfuric acid
this alloy. Using proper techniques, joint elficlences at 150 - 160F is recommended. Sodium hydride and
from 90 to 100 percent are obtainable lor aged (900F, other high temperature ( > 700F) descallng treatmenls
3 hours) welds In sheet and heavy sections. Submerged should be avoided (5).
arc welding Is not recommended due to a pronounced 4.052 Nitriding. Nltriding at 850F for 20 hours or 800F for
tendency Cor bot cracking, low fracture toughness, and 44 hours Is recommended and will givo case
severe embrittlement In the heat affected zone (HAZ). hardness of about 66 Reckwell C . IUgher temperature
For a more dotaUed discussion sec 19 Nl (250 ksl) gives lower case hardness. Longer times willincreas(
maraging steel. case depths but veey long times may require a drop In
4.03~ Filler wire. A minimum or G.35 pOl-cent tttan1um In
temperature to maintain case hardness (68).
the Ciller wire Is necessary to r,~e~1:CI olljectlonlil:lle.
porosity In GMA welds. Titanium i.n cxce&s of about
0, 7 percent with GMA and about 1. 0 percent with
GTA tends to produce a sensitivity to bot crvJ;king and
a weld deposit of decreased toughness. The residual
element content of the filler should be ILil low as
possible with the following TCCommended maximums;
o.03C, o.05Si and o.o5 Mn (carllon should preferably
bo kept well below this maximum). Vacuum molting
of wire Is recommended. Argon is recommended for
use with either GMA or GTA process.
4.033 Sheet metal welds. Welds In thin secl:lons are subject
to high dilution effects and are markedly Influenced by
tho welding procedure. Recommended wire comp-
posll:lons are given In Table 4.035. Improved strength
with only a small loss In toughness can be obtained
by a doub!e pass procedure (see Table 4. 035).
4.034 Plate weld. Attempts to increase weld strength by the
use of high hardener ffiler wire have been unsuccessful
In the gns shielded processes because of the formation
of coarse pools of austenite In the weld metal which do
not respond to subsequent aging treatment. Using
proper prooedures aed filler wire In IDilti-pass GTA or
GMA process, ...,ldments with joint elficlenccs of
better than 90 percent and with fracture toughness
comparable to tho base metal may be obtained. Local
aging after welding Is often used: however, the
effootivenesa of this treatment In achieving desired

r nnr: I 0?1=;.
 REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe-18N1-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
60 1-- CVM-ANNEAL 1/4 TO 4 HOURS, AC -
Fe
AGE, 900F, 3 HOURS
18 Ni
50
- 9 Co
5 Mo
Ti
AI
~ 1-- ANNEALED
18 Ni
MaroQing
(300)
20
1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
ANNEALING TEMPERATURE - F
FlG. 1.063 EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE AND AGING
ON HARDNESS. (57)
60 r-------T-~~------T-~r-------.--.--------.--,
Fe-18N1-9Co-5Mo-T1-Al
CVM- 0.05 INCH TlnCK SHEET
COLD-ROLLED AND ANNEALED

e 900F
"f' 800F
750F

48 L-------~--~------~--L-------L-~~------L-~
1cr1 1 10 10 2 10 3
AGlNG TIME - HOURS
FlG. 1.0642 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON HARDNESS OF COLD-
ROLLED AND ANNEALED SHEET. (27, p. 397)
60 r-------~--r-------~~~------~--~------T--,

Fe-18N1-9Co-5Mo-T1-Al
CVM PLATE, 1500F, 1HOUR, AC

52 1-----1- -"".>"f:__-.,,.A----,,j'--11---,,C...--J--+-----t--1
~
gj
l'il
z
948~_.-7~~---=~-+-----4--+-----+-~
~ -. 900F
s5oF
"f'800F
750F

40L-------~--~-------L--~--------L-~~------~~
10-1 10 10 2 103
'! ....
AGING TIME - HOURS
'~ ;IG. 1. 0641 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON IIARDNESS OF PLATE.
(7, I' 23)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISE D: SEPTEMBER, 1969

400
Fe Fe-18Ni-9C o-5Mo-TI- Al Fe-18NI-9 Co-5Mo-T I-Al

18
9
Nl
Co
t..

t.:l
c:::
300
.........

--
\
:::>
E-<
-::
/_
5 Mo c:::
t.:l ~
MEAN COEFFICI ENT
Ti ::: 2~0
FROM 75F .A.(3)
t;i
AI
E-<
' 1 l I (21)
200 400 600 800 1000
100
TEJIIPEHA TURE - F
0 60 20 80 40
100
18 Nl TRANSFO RMA'nON - PERCENT
FIG. 2. 0141 MEAN COEFI-1C! ENT OF THERMAL EXPANSIO N
FROM 75F. (3)(21, pp. 109 and 214)
Maraoino FIG. 2.0122 AUSTEJI.'ITE -TO- MAHTENS ITE TRANSFOR MATION
(300) CURVE (7, p. 21)
0.25 . . . - - - - - , . - - - . . . . , . . - - - - , . - - - - ,

t, . 1----+1----t-j-
Fe-18NI-9C o-5Mo-Ti -AI
Fc-J8N I-9Co-fiMo -TI-Al

I
~ 0.15 - - T--~~-----l:ic>"---1
U
t.:l
I l
c..
Ul

200 .JOO GOO 800 1000

TEMPERA TUHE - F o.or. L - - - - - - l . - - - - ' - - - - ...__ _ _....
0 200 100 f;[,() HllO
FIG. 2.01:1 TI!Eit~IALCONDUC'nVITY. (:1)(21, p. )07) TE~IPEI\ATURE - F
FIG. 2.015 SPECIFIC HEAT AT CONSTANT PHt:SSUHE
( I ATM.) (21, pp. JOG and 209)

28

llc(a) Fc-1 SNJ -9Co-5Mo -Tt-AI

FHOl\1
TEST m:n- Br(a) CVM FCIHGING
OEH-
CONDITIO N STEDS GAUSS STEDS 151iOF, I HOUH. WC/ + 9001'. :IHOUHS
---72F IH .J 6900 250

----1I--I-
----700 F lt;,O G250 250
e:,. nooF
0 r2F AFTER
20. a 7000 250 I
9001'TEST 250 --------- -- ------
2l.G H200
---1!00 F G45 IOU
0 72F AFTi-:H
'If) - llOOF TEST 51.4 10450 1
-----1---- - -
3 (a) Cm:HCIVE FOHCE
-
I
I
'
i

;- ---------r----- r- -i--;
:2 (b) HESIDUAL INDUCTIO N" I ' I
.. J ~

u
Z

:::>
12
_ sEE ASTM STANDAHD S, PAllT R,
SECTION A340-G5.
I I
--:

~ 8 ----- ___ .. _ ..
] ____ . +------ ---- j_ - I i
_
_j ...
:
, I-- j
___ ,_,(' __ L L --+
/ I :
0
10 100 1000
MAGNETI7.JNG FOHCE - OEHSTEDS
FIG. 2.02312 D.C. l\IAGNF.'nZ ATION CUHVES FOil FORGIN'J TESTED II' AIH.
(22, p. 12:)
 20

16
Fe-18Ni -9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM FORGING
1500F, 1 HOUR, WQ + AGE BOOF
~
v---- 18
9
Fe
Ni
Co

~
~ 5 Mo
Ti
/-
'~AITER~ v
12 AI
HOURS AT BOOF INlTIAL 7ZF Al'ID AFTER 800F
18 Ni

8 ~ Maraging
(300)

?
k1 /

0
10 20 40 60 80 100 200 400
MAGNETIZING FORCE -OERSTEDS
F1G. 2.02313 ROOM TEMPERATURE D.C. MAGNETIZATION CURVES FOR FORGING BEFORE AND AFTER AGING AT
800F (TESTED IN AlR). (22, p. 123)

~00
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-T1-Al " 7501'. ~ HOURS
CVM, 0.05 INCH SHEET A BOOF, 3 HOURS

~ 160 , ...
!NAill
1500F, 1 HOUR, AC +AGE e 900F, 3 HOURS

p
0
10 100 1000
TIME TO FAILURE - IIOU!l.
F1G. 2.03121 EFFECT OF AGING TREATMENT ON DELAYED FA!LURE OF SHEET IN
DIITJLLED WATER AT 70F. (27, p. 404)

CODE 1225
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969

100
Fe Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVMPLATE e L

18 Ni 1500F, 30 MINUTES, AC + 900F. 3 HOURS .1. T

FTY = 28b KSI, FTU = 294 KSI
9 Co 80

5 Mo
Ti
l AI
60

18 Ni
Maraging 40
(300}

20
6 8 10 20 40 60 80 100 200
TiME TO FAILURE- HOURS
FIG. 2. 03122 DELAYED FAILURE CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATE IN DiSTILLED
WATER AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. (26)

240
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Tl-Al
CVM, SHEET AND PLATE
e 0.04 INCH SHEET, FTY = 279 KSI
ANNEAL + 925F, 3 HOURS .1. 0.16 INCH SHEET, FTU= 262 KSI

200 I I I
~ I I I
I

~REF. DATA
"'"'1<1 ...
I
1':
f-o
"'z 160
~
.... -~
ef-o I 4
I
0
... ...
1<1
"'f-o
~

~
1<1
z 120

~0 .A I I I I
v
4 6 8 10 20 40 60 80 100

TIME TO FAILURE HOURS

FIG. 2.03123 DELAYED FAILURE CHARACTERIS'l1CS OF SHEET AND PLATE IN
3 PERCENT SALT SOLUTION AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. (33, p. A121)

CODE 1225
 J VVII

REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

' ..~
~~~ 360
Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-TI-Al F~-18NI-9Co-5Mo-Tl-Al Fe
CVM, 1/2 INCH PLATE 9 INCH DIAMETER FORGING
1500F, 1 HOUR, AC + 900F, 3 HOURS CVM
Klc =
60 KSI 1/fN 320 - ANNEAL+ 900F, 3 HOURS - 18- Nl
1.0 9 Co
............. -.- ;-- ,_
~- ~ FTU
Mo
'-.... r-
1--1- ~--
-.-- - i-
~
280
- 5

0.9
1--- r-- 240
.. e RADIAL
o TANGENTIAL
Tl
AI
320
18 Nl
~: ..
~ ~ - ~ c;;::]
...... FTY Maroging
-
0.8 280 0
SECT. A-A
eAIR
~ WATER (300)
.1. 3.5 NaCl
SOLUTION
240
0.7 40
10 100

TIME TO FAILURE -HOURS

zE-< 20
.~ ~
FIG. 2.03124 DELAYED FAILURE CHARACTEIUSTICS OF PLATE IN SEVERAL
1>1
&!til ............___
ENVIRONMENTS. (34, p. 40)
Po

0
1400
1- 1600 1800
e(l IN)

2000 2200
ANNEALING TEMPERATURE - F

FIG. 3.02131 INFLUENCE OF ANNEALING TEMPER-

ATURE ON THE ROOM TEMPERATURE
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ANNEALED
AND AGED FORGINGS. (9)

350 Fc-18NI-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, BAR
1500F, 30 MINUTES, AC + 900F,
12 300 3 HOURS
I
:::>
~- ~
E-< FTU
350
"' 250 300

300
Fc-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti -AI
CVMBAR
1500F, 30 MINUTES, AC +
. --.-.., ~
( ~;OF, 3 IIOURS
250
'-....
............... 90 200
~ 200

fj;
I

"'"'gj 150 " "X 60

... RA
100
30 -
50 .. c(4D)

0
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 ANNEALING TEMPERATURE - F
STRAIN -INCH PER INCH JNFLUENCE OF ANNEALING TEMPER-
FIG. 3.02132
....... , FIG. 3. 02111 STRESS -STRAIN CURVE FOR ANNEALED ATURE ON TilE TENSILE PROPERTIES
AND AGED BAR.(S) OF BAR. (5, p. 11)

l"'nnF 1??~
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969

Fe
18 Nl 300
9 Co
5 Mo ~ 260
Ti
AI

18 Nl
Maraginv !-< 260
:z; 10
(300) til
g
til

"'
1500 1600
ANNEALING TEMPERAT URE - F
1700 1800 340
F"e-18N1-9C o-5Mo-TI-Al
0.070 INCH SHEET, CVM, L
T
FIG. 3.02133 EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPER- ANNEALED 1250F, 2 HOURS, AC +
ATURE ON THE TENSILE PROPER- 320 HE-ANNEAL AT INDICATED
TlES OF ANNEALED AND AGED TEMPERAT URE, 3 HOURS,
SHEET. (57) AC + 875F, 8 HOURS

~ 300
Fru 320
320
1
FL8NL9c L Mo-T1-Al J j ~
"" I
"::::;

0.070 INCH SHEET, CVM, L

SOLUTION ANNEAL, AC + 885F. i HOURS 280
w/o 1250F TREATMEN T
300
~
~
300

- FTU
1800F I 10 280 t><
AFTER 1250F, 2 HOURS, AC: FTU ~
~
FTY =234 KSI, FTY =218 KSI, c (llN) =
280 ...., 320 ...:z; 5 PERCENT
5 260
til
g

-
til
1700F p..
e(1 IN)
FTU 300 0
1500 1600 1700 1800
FTY ..... ANNEALING TEMPERAT URE- F
FIG. 3.02135 EFFECT OF RE-SOLUTION ANNEALING
320 280 AND AGING ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIE S
OF SHEET SUBJECTED TO PRIOR
AUSTENITE - REVERSION TREATMEN T.
(31, p. 59 and 62)

-
1600F
~ 300 FTU
1-
FTY -cr- t--
280 320
0:::::::: t::::: r-
r--.... 'ir---._ 1500F
'(~ ~
FTU- - 300 ~
~
My 280
0.2 0.4 0.6 0. 8 1 2 4 6 10

ANNEALING TIME - HOURS

FIG. 3.02134 EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERAT URE AND TIME ON
THE TENSILE PROPERTIE S OF ANNEALED AND AGED
SHEET. (31, p. 59 - 61)
 reur
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,J969
FERROUS ALLOYS

340
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 0.070 INCH SHEET, L
I -[
Fe

---
ANNEALED 1250F, 2 HOURS, AC + 1500F, TIME
INDICATED AC +875F, 8 HOURS
18 Nl
320
9 Co
r-- r--- t-- 5 Mo
~ r--r
Tl
~I 300 320

~----r--1---t-
AI
t
1---.!_TY 18 Ni
280
AFTER 1250F, 2 HOURS,AC r--:::-I 300 ~ Maraolno
FTU =234 KSI
...
>< (300)
FTY =218 KSI
e(1 IN)-= 5 PERCENT
I ~

10 280

I w/o 125J TREAtMEJ

5

e(1 IN)

0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 2 4
ANNEALING TIME - HOURS
FIG. 3.02136 EFFECT OF RESOLUTION M'NEALING TIME ON TilE 340~,-------~------~----~~~~----~
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET SUBJECTED TO PRIOR Fe-18Ni -9Co-5Mo-Ti -Al
AUSTE~.TrE- REVERSION TREATMENT. (31, p. 59 & 62) CVM, 0.070INCHSHEET, L
MILL ANNEAL 1500F, 1 HOUR,
AC +AGE

340

320

liS
:.:
300 I

...><
~

280

950F
925F

.......
900F
875F
850F 260
e(1 IN)

0 L-~-------L------~----~~~~----~
2 4 6 8 10 20
AGING TIME - HOURS
FIG. 3.021411 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON THE
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET. (31, p. 52 -56)
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969

a4o

v
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al 300
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Tl-AI
Fe CVM, 1/4 INCH PLATE
300 ANNEAL +3 HOURS AG'
18 Nl FTU ~ 280 300
I L/
9 Co :::>

"'"" 260
5 Mo
Ti
260

0.155 INCH SHEET, 1500F, 1 HOUR

...Fr
v
~ 280 ~

AI
220 CVM, AC + 3 HOURS. AGE
AGING TIME, HOUR 7
.v
340
1 3 10 240 260
--L
...
18 Nl ~ ---T 0 1:;. [J
300
Maraging 220 240
(300)
260
FTY
~
~
l;l
~
20
e(0.5IN)

---.
"' e(1 IN)

0
BOO 850 900 950
L..._ _..J....:;c(~2-=IN~):....J._ _ _L__ __J AGING TEMPERATURE - F
0
800 850 900 950 1000 nG. 3.021421 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF PLATE. (37, p. A-8)
AGING TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.021412 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE
AND TIME ON THE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF ANNEALED SHEET.
(35)
320
Fc-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
-
0.04 INCH SHEET, T
ANNEAL 1500F + AGE 900F
300
. -
'_.............-
~

FTU
r----...

~80
v
!.....- ~
e AIR MELT, 0.67 Tl
"
-- ~ 320

(ANNEALED, FTU = 148 KSI,

FTY =100 KSI)

-- -
340
300
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Tl-AI
CVM. 1/2INCH PLATE
1-" HOT ROLLED + AGE, 3 IIOUH~
,...........- FTY ~ ~ 300 FTU
340

--
!il l
:.: D-.
:::> L
240 280
r-- -:::.... > "" !il

~
...
E-
"'
"' 260
..!._ -r--.P--
l
.-
FTY
300 :.:
>
I

"'""
""'
so 260
ACVM, 0.61 Ti 0 HEAT A (30)
10 260
(A..'mEALED, FTU = 140 KSI,
FTY =92 KSI) HEAT
HEAT C (30)
1:;.
0. 30
B (- Al) (29)

c(2 IN) ~ 40
~ RA
l;l
~
c(l IN)
"' 0
800 850 900 950 1000
0 AGING TEMPERATURE- F
6 8 10 2(} 30
FIG. 3.021422 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE ON
AGING TIME - HOUR TENSILE PROPERTIES OF HOT
EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES ROLLED PLATE FROM THREE HEATS.
FIG. 3.021413
(38)(39)
OF AIR-MELTED AND CVM SHEET. (36)
 REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 FERROUS. ALLOYS

340
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
LAB, VAC. INDUCTION MELT L
Fe
0.2 INCH PLATE
1500F, 1 HOUR, AC + AGE
18 Nl
L1!
320 340 9 Co

~
~v 5 Mo

~
I
300
.....
__...... v 1--- ~v 320
Tl
AI
I)f.- 1/
v~
E
280

/
v
~
/
-<
r
lA 300
~
:><
""
~
18 Nl
Maraglng
(300)

260
_./
/ 1\ 280
.f

900F
850F

40 " SOOF

""z
r.:l
g
r.:l
il<
20 ' 1'---- :--. r- -~

.
-... ..._

- -...
e(2 IN)
~-
A
.... ~ ., 0
2 4 6 8 10 20 40 60 80 100
AGING TIME - HOUR
FIG. 3.021423 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF LABORATORY VACUUM -
INDUCTION MELTED PLATE. (45)

400
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, BAR
1 - 1500F, 30 MINUTES, AC
f-.-
+ 3 HOURS AGE Fc-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-AI
CVM,BAR
300

FTU)
v ~ r-..
35 0 - 1500F, 30 MINUTES, AC + 900F AGE

I.
:::>
v /'~ 300
30 0 ...
FTU
.... 350
t 200

~
v / FTY
""
'\ ~ 25 0
:-e
300 ~

v 200 ~ FTY
:::> :><
I
:>< ~
"" 20 0 250 t
~"" ::..
90 100

60

30
,__
- RA
,.
""z
60
RA
--
-- ,... -
r.:l 30
e(4 D) <J
II: c(1 IN)
r.:l
0 il<
GOO 800 1000 0
0.6 4 6 8 10 20 40
AGING TEMPERATURE - F
i~......., FIG. 3.021431 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE ON
AGING TIME - HOUR
TilE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR. FIG. 3.021432 EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
(5, p. 12) ANNEALED BAR. (5, p. 12)
t-eUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969

,,
\ ..
J:W
Fe Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-TI-Al
CVM, FORGINGS ( APPROX. 6 INCH
DIAMETER)
18 Ni 300 1500F, 4 HOURS, AC + 3 HOURS AGE
9 Co MAX. FORGING

~p
TEMPERATURE
5 L
Mo e 1950F
- 280 0 2350F _/ / 300
Ti "'
:.::
I
AI ...:::> l
.....-::::1
18 Ni
"' 260

v 280
~

Maro gi ng
(300)
240 ~ 2GO "'
...><
jl 380
Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
C Vi\1 FORGINGS
40 240 1500F. 1/2 - 1 HOUR, AC
v 340 +AGE 3 TO 4 HOURS 380

...z ./.RA 4 !-
20
l !il 300
(.) :.:: 340
c:

~
~TU, ~
I
l

"'
e(2 IN)
-........ ...
::..>

0
"' 260
:;; 1-
800 850 900 950 1000 300
AGING TEMPERATURE- F -
FIG. 3.021441 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND
MAXIMUM FORGI!<G TEMPERATURE ON 220 /~ ~TY ~
C ~
260 :..
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF FORGINGS. ...
(40, p. 8 and 9) L TAN ST "'
180
~
[J
0
4 IN SQ BAH (38)
~:)THICK DOME (411-
220
so !:>

z...
t.l
(.) 40 -
340 r----r-----.,...----.----, c:
Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-TI-Al l
RA
CVM, FORGING (APPROX. 6 INCH
DIAMETER)
"' 0
300 1500F, 4 HOURS, AC +AGE, L
20

~ 2GO 1----"!-----:....."----t----1 300

...
""z
t.l
10 -- e(1IN)

f;l
"' t.l

"'
260 t 0
800 850 900 950 1000
AGING TEMPERATUHE- F
AGING TIME FIG. 3. 021443 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE ON
70 1---+---+-- e 1 HOUR 220 TilE TENSILE PROPEHTIES OF FOHGINGS.
3 HOURS (38)(41)
"' 6 HOURS

...z
l
f;l ~
~ 30 1---+---+---t----1 20 l

~ c(1 IN)
f;l
t.l

0 "'.,
I

BOO 850 900 950 1000

AGING TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 3.021442 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPERATURE AND
TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
FORGINGS (40, p. 8)
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 FERROUS ALLOYS

400
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Tl-Al Fe
CVM, 0.155 INCH SHEET
360
1500F, l HOUR, AC + CR +AGE 18 Ni
~I 3 HOURS
9 Co
::>
(,<
r..
320
5 Mo
Ti
AGE
850F 900F AI
280 --L ...
--T l:J. 0
18 Ni
240
Maroging
360
~ (300)
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Tl-Al :><
(,<
360 r.. 320
CVM, 1500F, 1 HOUR, AC +CR+
3 HOURS AGE

320

280 AGE
850F 900F
!il
:.: L
T
...l:J.
0
240
360
0 20 40 60 80
COLD REDUCTION- PERCENT
320 FIG. 3.02152 EFFECT OF COLD WORK PRIOR TO
AGING ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
ANNEALED SHEET. (35)

280

240
400
Fe-18N!-9Co-5Mo-Tl-Al
CVM SHEET, FINAL TIIICKNESS
(,< 200
z 0.040 INCH
~ 10 ANNEAL 1500F, AC + CR + 900F, ~
360
~
~
p. L 9~
I
~

v
0 20 40 60 80 ~320
COLD REDUCTION -PERCENT
"' v 360

FIG. 3. 02151 EFFECT OF COLD WORK PRIOR TO

AGING ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
ANNEALED SHEET. (35) 280

240
10
~
-- ~
~
v 280
~
320 ':..
E-o

"'

~
r--

.
e(2 IN)
0
0 20 40 GO 80
COLD REDUCTION- PERCENT

FIG, 3.02153 EFFECT OF COLD REDUCTION

BEFORE AGING ON TENSILE PRo-
PERTIES OF SHEET. (36)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969

300
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 1 INCH TffiCK, 5:1 UPSET FORGED PANCAKES
Fe 1500F, 1 HOUR, AC + 900F, 3 HRS

18 Nl 280
,___ 300
FTU
9 Co
5 Mo ::>
{;:: 260 280
Ti
AI ~ FTy I

18 Ni 60 260
E
Maraging
RA
(300) 340
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
0.115 INCH CVM SHEET 40 20
ANNEAL + 20 PERCENT HOT
300 I--- ROLLED+ 900F, 3 HOURS -
RADIAL
TANGENTIAL

260
( r---.. e(11N)
10
~

I
FTU ......_

::>
{;:

v
220 0
1700 1800 1900 2000
FORGING TEMPERATURE - F
180 ~~ 260 FIG. 3.02162 EFFECT OF FORGING TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF 5 : 1 UPSET FORGED PANCAKES.
FTY~:>
I 220
380 '
Fe-18Ni"9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
(44. p. 42 and 94)

.& 0. 062 :iNCH SHEET - IND VACUUM 35 LB HEATS

50 PERCENT CR + 1500F, 15 MINUTES + 900F, 3 HRS

1/ L
T
.
0
-
~
I
180 :;...
E-<
340
e 0. 20 INCH PLATE -300 LB VACUUM IND HEATS,
15 TON CVM AND 20 TON AIR ELECTRlC ARC7"""'--t----t 380
HEATS; 1500F, 1 HR, AC + 900F, 3 HOURS

"'
~ 300
20

.\ 140
::>
E-<
"'
~
t::

"'
e(2IN) 260 ~-~+---~~~-+----~~~-,_----+-----;300 "'

0
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
ROLIJNG TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.02161 EFFECT OF ROLIJNG TEMPERATURE ON Co Mo
THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ANNEALED, 8.46-9.46 4.68-5.30
ROLLED, AND AGED SHEET. (35)

8 1------t---+

E-<
z 4
f&l
f;l
f&l
p.,

0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1 .. 2 1.4 1.6
TITANIUM - PERCEbl'I'
FIG. 3.0217 EFFECT OF TITANIUM ON ROOM TEMPERATURE '!'~1-SILE l'
PROPERTIES OF ANNEALED AND AGED SHEETS FROM LABORATORY
AND PRODUCTION HEATS (45)(46)(47)
 REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 FERROUS ALLOYS

:{
,,, 28 r---....--------.---- -.---,
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
300 LB LABORATORY VACUUM MELT,
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 0.035 INCH SHEET
Fa
1/2 INCH PLATE, 1600F,1 HOUR, AC +
AGE
340
ANNEAL 10 MINUTES, AC + 900F, 3 HOURS 18 Nl
9 Co
5 Mo
I
!-< Tl
"' zo r=-.t-t---+----t~"'<:::::'"-+----1
AI

~8 Nl
MaraQino
{300)
270 280 290 300 310 320
FTY -KSI ~ AGEBEFORE
\ 6 u7 NO'l'CHING

;3!
FIG. 3.0232 EFFECT OF YIELD STRENGTH ON IMPACT
PROPERTIES OF 300 LB LABORATORY 140
VACUUM MELTED PLATE. (62) It
'
1,"
NOTCH RADIUS< 0. 001 INCH
100 L---~------~----~---~-----~
r 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200
ANNEALING TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.027131 EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON
THE SHARP NOTCH PROPERTIES OF 0.035
IN AGED SHEET. (52)

Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
380 0.062 INCH SHEET
IND VAC MELT 35 LB HEATS
50 PERCENT CR + 1500F, 1/4 HR
+ 900F, 3 HRS 34 0
340 Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
Co
0. 04 INCH SHEET
9. 02-9.11
CRI+ ANNEAL 1500F. AC + ~GE 900F
I 8.46-9.46
gj 30 0
- +-- 1 -
-
340 I
>< -~-1--...._
FTY r---
!-<
"'26
22 0
9..
"" ?--

260
18 0
""
--
220

0 1.0 A- '---
~
=
!-<
!@
0.8
T
140

- ~-

~
... 1--..
'"'!- Pr~~
f"'
1%: 0
!ri
~
r

8!3!
i;l NOTCHED
zf"' 0.4 I I 1.) AFTER AGE 0 AIR MELT 0.67 Ti -
!-<
=0 NOTCH RAD<0.001
CVM, 0.61 Ti

FATIGUE PRECRACKED
!3z 20
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
4 8 12 16 20 24
TITANIUM, PERCENT
AGING TIME - HOUR
FIG. 3.02712 EFFECT OF TITANIUM ON SHARP
NOTCH PROPERTIES OF ANNEAI,ED FIG. 3.027141 EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON THE CRACK
AND AGED SHEET FROM LABORATORY STRENGTH OF AIR-MELT AND CVM 0. 04
HEATS. (46) INCH SHEET. (36)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTE MBER ,I969

340
400
Fe Fe-18NI- 9Co-5Mo -TI-Al
CVM, 0.115 INCH SHEET
18 Ni 1500F, 1 HR, AC +AGE, 900F
300 360
9 Co FTY AVERAGE T
Ill 260 OF
5 Mo :.: LAND T
L
I
280 ~ 320

tJ
~
Ti !-< I

AI "" FATIGU E
CENTER CRACK,
~
!-<
240 HEAT TREATE D ""280
AFTER 220
18 Ni CRACKING
Maraging 200 180
(300)

160
140

~ 120
100

80
0 2
~ 60
4 6 8 10
AGING TIME - HOUR
FIG. 3.027142 EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON SHARP NOTCH
PROPER TIES 0.115 INCH SHEET. (57)
COLD REDUCT ION- PERCEN T
FtG. 5.027151 EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING PRIOR
300 r---. ,...-- --.-- --.,- ---, TO AGING ON CRACK STRENGTH OF
Fe-18NI- 9Co-5Mo -TI-Al SHEET (35)
CVM, 4 x 12 INCH FORGED SLAB

260

~ 1500F, 1 HOUR + AGE, 3 HOURS

I
I

t: 200 r----~RT ~5FI

~ 220

A 1:>. NOTCH STRENGTH

~ 160 ....0:,-:= ,._-0,18 INCH THICK

CENTER FATIGU
:>:: CRACK. HEAT 200
!-<
!@ "'f==:::::t''===jd:_ TREAT BEFORE Fe-18NI -9Co-5M o-TI-Al

T"' 'T"'
01 CRACKING CVM, 1/2 INCH PLATE, L
~ 120
~ 160
:>:: ' " " . " MnWT "

z~ 80 ~
120

40
80 FRACTURE APPEAR ANCE 80
PERCEN T. SHEAR 100

~ 40
~
1<1
1<1
~ a!
60
1<1
p. 1<1 CENTER FATIGUE
p.
0 CRACK
800 850 900 950 HEAT TREAT EFORE CRACKING
1000 20
AGING TEMPER ATURE - F 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
FIG. 3.027143 EFFECT OF AGING TEMPER ATURE THICKNESS -INCH
ON SHARP NOTCH PROPER TIES OF
FIG. 3. 027161 EFFECT OF THICKNESS ON CRACK STRENGTH
FORGED CVM SLAB. (54) (14)
O.F CVM PLATE. (58)
 n~ Vl:it.u; ::iEPfEMBER,1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

I
..... _
.
....~

1.0 .----.-------~---
Fe-18N1- 9Co-5Mo -T1-Al
CVM, liNCH PLATE Fe
!:: MILL ANNEAL + AGE 900F,
r.. 0.8 1---\-,. .., 3 HRS
18 Ni
.....

I'"' ~---__;-
:.:
w
1.5 INCH
1.5 INCJI
2.0INCH
9
5
Co
Mo
Ti

~0 AI

18 Ni
0.2 L---.. .1....! .....--L ---l--- -.J
Marog ing
0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 (300)
11/~2
FIG. 3.027173 EFFECT OF SURFACE CRACK SIZE
AND SPECIMEN SIZE ON THE
CRACK STRENGTH OF CVM PLATE.
(GO, p. 31)

FIG. 3,027171 EFFECT OF SURFACE CRACK SIZE ON

CRACK STRENGTH OF SHEET AND
PLATE. (64)

320 r-----r-----r-----r-----r
-----~----~----~--~
Fe-18Nl- 9Co-5Mo -T1-Al
-100F
CVM, MILL ANNEAL 1500F + 900F, 3 HOURS
280 EXPOSURE TIME - 1/2 HOUR

320
Fo-18Nl- 9Co-5Mo -T1-Al
CVM, 0.4 INCH PLATE
1500F, 1 HOUR, AC + 900F,3 HOURS,
280 AC ~
p ~ I lOOOF

r\
~

~
~ 1Gor---~r----~----~~~-t--~~~
--4-----~--~

240 ~
20 0
NOTCHSTRENGTHl~
\ SURFACE CRACK
HEAT TREATE D
BEFORE CRACKING
-
L T FTY T1
16 0
,. 300 KSI
A 265 KSI
0.82
0.65 I\
120
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
CRACK LENGTI! -2c o. 006
0.002 0. 004 0. 008 0. 010 o. 012 0.014 0.016
FIG. 3,027172 EFFECT OF SURFACE CRACK LENGTH ON STRAIN -INCH PER INCH
CRACK STRENGTH OF CVM PLATE AT TWO'fl FIG. 3.03111 TYPICAL STRESS -STRAIN CURVES FOR
LEVELS . (59) TENSION AT CRYOGENiC, ROOM
AND ELEVAT ED TEMPER ATURES . (21, p. 65)
 ~';' I VVII
f.:
r
'"';
r
/.
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969
v,;
~~
(,
f':
~.
~ Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mc!.Ti-Al
Fe ~
I'
rt 300 CVM, 0. 07 INCH SHEET
340
v
v 18 Ni " MILL ANNEAL 1500F + 900 F, 3 HRS

~~
EXPOSURE TIME- 1/2 HOU~
i:
f 9 Co
~
r 5 Mo 260 300
fJ ~ FTU
~
Ti
~
~
::>
AI E-o
~
220 r\ 260
~
18 Ni
Maraging
(300) 180
e
o
L
T
~
~ \ 220

10
\ ~ 180

)
u .... tD
e(2 IN)
v
0
-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FlG. 3.03121 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF SHEET. ( 21, p. 162 - 165)

340
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 0.060 TO 0.125 INCH SHEET
300 AGE 900F. 3 HOURS

L
fJ 260 300
::>
E-o
~

220
260
fJ
;..
180 220 (;:

~ 10 180
1>1
~
1>1
p.,
0
-200 0 200 400 600 BOO 1000
TEMPERATURE - F
FlG. 3.03122 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF SHEETS FROM SEVERAL HEATS. (49)(50)(51)
 FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER ,I969 FERROUS AllOYS

... 340

';-
,;1
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5M o-Ti-Al
CVM, 0.25 INCH PLATE
MILL ANNEAL 1500F + 900F I 3 HOURS
Fe
EXPOSURE TIME - 1/2 HOUR 18 Ni
300 340
9 Co
5 Mo
260 300 Ti
~ AI
I
::.
E-o
220 18 Ni
""' Maraging
000)

0
L
T
180 ~
I
:><
E-o

12
""'
180

320
I

"
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5M o-Ti-Al
CVM, 7/8 INCH DIAMETER BAR, L
~MILL ANNEAL 1500F + 900F, 3 HOURS
EXPOSURE 'l'IME - 1/2 HOUR
4 ~----~----~----~----~----~--~ 280 320

~
-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

"
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FlG. 3.03123 EFFECT OF TEST TEMP:RRATURE ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF PLATE. (21, p.166 -169) 240 !'-.,
......,.....,_
~~ ........, 280

~
I
::.
rt' 200
~
""
FTY
1\ 240

""\
160 200

60 160

RA _../
40
....- 20

..- 1-
-
e(2 IN) -- .....
__.;

0 I 0
-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FlG. 3.03124 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF BAR. (21, p. 170 - 171)
FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969

Fe
320
FJ18N1-9Ca-!5Mo-T1-Ai
CVM, BAR
l l
~500F, 30 MINUTES, AC + 900F, 3 HOURS
18 Ni 280 320

5
9 Co
Mo ~
I 240 .. ..........
..........................

----. FTU
---.......... 280

--
--- 1\
::::>
Ti &: -.
.............
AI 200
FTY I
240 :><

~ &:
18 Ni
Maraging 160 ""-\ 200
(300)

90
\ 160

/'
-
70
f-o
--- r-
RA ../
z
~
~
t) ~

= tV
t)

~
-
~ 50 20
~_....
"'
< --- r-- ., I

= e(l IN)
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.03125 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF BAR. (5)

~ 300 t---.,.....;::---+---t-.=.."""""+----+-==="-~ 380

::>
(;:

8
e 900F, 3 HOURS
.A. 800F, 3 HOURS
750F, 4 HOURS

0
-200 -100 0 300 400
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.03131 EFFECT OF AGING TREATMENT AND TEST TEMPERATURE
ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF COLD-ROLLED AND
ANNEALED SHEET. (27)
 rt:un
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 FERROUS ALLQYS

340
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-All
CVM, 0. 07 INCH SHEET
I Fe
260 ' ~~AL 1500F, +AGE 900F, 3 HOURS
18
9
Nl
Co

\\
--....c;
FTU
5 Mo
180 ,. 340
Tl
AI

'
I l
:::>
~ 18 Nl
t: 100 260

----- r--
FTY ' ~
MaraQinQ
(300)

20
HOLD TIME
30 MINUTES
1000 HOURS
L

...
T
0
6 '\ 180

100
~
I

~
~

I

u ~
.. e(21N) p
0
-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.03142 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF SHEET AFTER HOLDING 30 MINUTES 320
AND 1000 HOURS AT TEST TEMPERATURE (21, p. 162 - Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
165, 196) BAR, CVM, 1500F, 1 HOUR,
AC + 900F, 3
240 r-----~----~------4-~~~HOURS, AC 320

160
~
I

HOLDING TIME
0 80
e 30 MINUTES
A 200 HOURS

e(4D)

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 3.03143 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ONTHE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF CVM BAR AFTER HOLDING 30 MINUTES AND
!\. ... ~ 200 HOURS AT TEST TEMPERATURE.(51)
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I96 9

320
\___
Fe Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Ti -Al
RT
18 Ni CVM, MILL ANNEAL 1500F, + AGE 900F,
3HOURS
9 Co EXPOSURE TIME-1/2 HOUR

5 Mo 240
GOOF
Ti
AI

18 Ni
~
Maraging I
160
(300) !Z
!:l
lri

COMPRESSION

0 ~----L-----~--~----~----~----~----~--~
0 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016
STRAIN -INCH PER INCH
FIG. 3. 03211 TYPICAL STRESS -STRAIN CURVES FOR COMPRESSION AT ROOM AND
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES.(21, p. 66)

300 ,.---...,..---~---.,----..,....----,

Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Ti -Al
CVM, 0. 07 INCH SHEET
MILL ANNEAL, 1500F + AGE 900F, 3 HRS

300
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Ti -Al

~
CVM, 0.25 INCH PLATE, T
~L ANNEAL 1500F +AGE 900F,
260 3 HO_URS

Fey
~ 1\..
~ 220

140
EXPOSURE TIME
30 MINUTES
1000 HOURS
L T

180 \ \
EXPOSURE TIME - 1/2 HOUR
140 I I I
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
. TEST TEMPERATURE - F

I.
. FIG. 3.03221 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE FlG. 3. 03222 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE
COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF SHEET. (21, COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF PLATE. (21,
p. 172 - 174, 197) p. 1'/5 - 176)
.
 reuH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

;) : 300 22or-----~----~------r-----~-----,
\.........,.... Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 11/2 INCH DIA BAR, L CVM, 0.25 INCH PLATE, T
Fe
!IfiLL ANNEAL 1500F, +AGE 900F, !IfiLL ANNEAL, 1500F + AGE 900F, 3 HRS
260 t----l---"-=-l---+-----t3HRS 18 Ni
9 Co
220
5 Mo

EXPOSURE TIME - 1/2 HOUR

Ti
180 AI
0 BOO 1000 200 400 600 800 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F TEST TEMPERATURE- F 18 Ni
FIG. 3.03223 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE FIG. 3.03512 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON SHEAR Maraging
COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF BAR. (21, ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF PLATE (21, p.182-183)
p. 177 - 178) (300)

40
Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
BILLET, BAR, AND PLATE
ANNEAL 1500F, +AGE 900F, 3 HOURS
FTY
30 L T FORM ~ L T REFERENCE
0 7/8 IN PLATE AlR 285 KSI 287 KSI fl, p. 34)

}
5 IN SQUARE CVM 285 KSI
11/2 INRD CVM 298 KSI (42)
7/8 INRD CVM 279 KSI (21, p. 201)
"'~20
I
,
~ Cf
-<
Is.
10
_.,./!
li /
y IE CHARPY
v
0
-400 -200 0 200 400 GOO 800
TEST TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 3.0331 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPEUATURE ON THE IMPACT STRENGTH OF
BAR, BILLET AND PLATE FROM SEVERAL HEATS. (7)(21)(42)

220 r------.------.------.,------.--------.
Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-Ti- Al
CVM, 0.07 INCH SHEET
MILL ANNEAL 1500F, +AGE 900F, 3JffiS
180
i
220 r------r------.,-----~------~----~

Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-TI-Al
CVM, 7/8 IN DIAMETER BAR, L
MILL ANNEAL 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HRS

EXPOSUUE TIME L T
100
30 MINUTES
1000 HOURS
... 0
6

200 400 600 800 1000 100 L------~-------.I.....-----L------.J...-------1

TEST TEMPERATURE - F 0 200 400 600 800 1000
FIG. 3.03511 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON SHEAR TEST TEMPERATURE - F
;
'. ~ ULTIMATE STHENGTH OF SHEET. (21, p. 179- FIG. 3.03513 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON SHEAR
....... , 180, 198) ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF BAR. (21, p. 184-185)
 FeUH
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969

~----~----~------~-----T------, 550

Fe Fe-1BNI-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, 0.07 INCH SHEET
18 Ni MILL ANNEAL 1500F, +AGE 900F,
3 HR 500
9 Co
5 Mo
Ti
AI ~
450 400 I

18 Ni .
s
II
Maroging 400 350 ~
.2.
(300) ~ :::
G' ~
..; 350 300 f;j
II
In
~
.2.
::: 2BO
E-< 300 250
o e/D=2.0
z0 e/D= 1.5
f;j
E-<
en
e/D
,
L T

"
250 2.0 200 OL-----2-0L0----~4L00~--~60~0~--B~0~0 2 BO
1.5 0

TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.03613 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON
200~----~----~------~----~----~ BEARING STRENGTH OF BAR. (52)
0 200 400 600 BOO 1000
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.03611 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON BEARING
STRENGTH OF SHEET. (21, p. 1BG - 190)
~----~----~~----~----~------,550 ..--------.. I '\..--.,.-----------""" T------------. 7 ~o
Fe-1BNHlCo-5Mo-Ti-Al Fe-lBNi -9Co-5Mo-TI-AI
CVM, 1/4 INCH PLATE CVM, 0.07 INCH SHEET
MILL ANNEAL 1500F + AGE 900F, 2 HOURS MILL ANNEAL, 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HRS
EXPOSURE TIME - 1000 HOURS
700 1------

450
lil
~

400 ..
s
II
~
,
.E:_
.2.
G'
..;
II
500
"--
1------
~ 400 350 15 0
~ '.2.
f;j :::
G' E-< E-<
~ 350 1----'l"""":::---t--- ""t'r----P-..-----f 300
en ~
f;j
~ E-<
en
:::
E-< 300 1----+----t-----11"' <:---1--"<----'>-1 250
~ 300 1------ L T
~
SPECIMEN THICKNESS 0.1 e/D
,,i INCH 2.0
r
i. 250 e/D T 200
1.5 "' "
0
(.
~. 2.0 "
1.5 0
L---'""'"'

~~-
200

RT 600 BOO 1000

0 200 400 600 BOO 1000 EXPOSURE TEMPERATURE - F
TEST TEMPERATURE- F FIG. 3.03621 EFFECT OF 1000 HOUR ELEVATED TEMPERATURE
FIG. 3. 03612 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON BEARING EXPOSURE ON THE BEARING STRENGTH OF SHEET
STRENGTH OF PLATE. (21, p. 192 - 194) AT ROOM TEMPERATURE 121. o. 199 - 2001
 FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS
't
;.

( 'l .
""':'/
360 r - - , - -....---r---r---;;---,
;: Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
J
CVM,0.05 INCH SHEET Fe
CR + 1500F, 1 HOUR, AC
+AGE 18 Ni
9 Co
5 Mo
Ti
AI

240 18 Ni
180 r---_,-----r----+---~r----+--~ Maroglng
600~----~1~---r------------r------------, (300)
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti- AI
CVM, 0.07 INCH SHEET
MILL ANNEAL 1500F +AGE 900F, 3 HRS

500 !--=.....:..~,
FATIGUE PRE-
CRACKED AFTER
e 900F, 3 HRS AGING
A SOOF, 3 HRS
400 "" 750F, 4 HRS

~
60~-~--~-~--~--~-~
::> -200 0 200 400
I':
"'
(<.
300 TEST TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 3.03712 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE
CRACK STRENGTH OF SHEET AGED AT
... THREE TEMPERATURES. (27)
v'-
- 200
"
~ .....

100

c/D=1.5
EXP TIME L T
30 MINS
0 ... 340 r-----~----~~----~----~----~
Fe- 18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
1000 HRS
0
" CVM, 1 1/4 INCH PLAfE
1500F, 1 HR, AC + AGE, 3 I!RS
300
~----~/~--~------------~------------'100

RT 600 800 1000

TEST TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3. 03622 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE BEARING
STRENGTH OF SHEET AFTER HOLDING 30 MINUTES A C. 957F
AND 1000 HOURS AT TEST TEMPERATURE.
(21, p. 186- 191, 199-200)
~ e o 900F
220 0 825F

HEAT TREAT
BEFORE FATIGUE
CRACKING

-200 -100 0 100 200 300

TEST TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 3.03713 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE SHARP
NOTCH PROPERTIES OF CVM PLATE AGED AT
THREE TEMPERATURES. (58)
 rt:un
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969

18
Fe
Nl
350 r-----.------r----~r-----.------.-----,

Fe-18NI-9Co5Mo-Ti-Al
CVM, PLATE AND BAR
MILL ANNEAL 1500F + AGE 900F, 3 HOURS
I l
9 Co aoor--~~~~----,_----+-----+-----r---_,

~~
5 Mo
Ti
250~--~---~-~~~--~--~--~

BAR~~
AI

18 Nl e 1.5 IN DIAMETER
A 0,25 IN PLATE, T
Maraging
(300) 320
Fe-18NI-9Co-5Mo-Ti- Al
CVM, 0.07 INCH SHEET
80~--4----+=--=~==~===---~
MILL ANNEAL 1500F +AGE 900F,

~240r---~-----+-----+~--~----~
3 HOURS
x-
~
I
><
rt A L
A T
40 ./
Jl 600 :c: ILO
1601----1- +---t----1 200 0

NOTCHED AND FATIGUE PRE-

1.5

CRACKED IN ANNEALED CONDITION

0~----~----~----~----~----~~--~
-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
160
~
I
FIG. 3.03722 EFFECT OF T'~ST TEMPERATURE ON THE FRACTURE
STRENGTH
=
E-< TOUGHNESS OF PLATE AND BAR. (21, p. 212-213)
fE
I 120
l:lE-< 10~ r------.------r---r~r-~--~
8
"':.: ,R= 0
6
~0
NOTCH AND FATIG 4
PRE-CRACKED IN ~
ANNEALED 80 .:I
CONDITION ~
0
...... 2
=
0
i!S
A AMB AIR, STEEL
A (69)
100
~
I

PERCE ~ ~ lQ-5 e HUMID ARGON,

SHEAR 1;l "'...... 8
STEEL B(28)
~
p. -! ODRY ARGON,
STEEL B(28)
~ 6
E-<
0 ~ STEEL A; CVM, 1/4 IN
BOO
-200 0 200 400
TEST TEMPERATURE- F
600
=
~
4 1------Hrf-- PLATE; ANNEAL 1500F
+ 900F, 3 HOURS, FTif
0
II: 303 KSI, FTY = 295
FIG. 3.03721 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON THE CRACK
0 KSI, AND Kic = 43
STRENGTH OF SHEET. (21, p. 211) :.: 2 KSI ;/INCH.
~0 ~: LABVACMELT,
1/8 IN SHEET; 1650F, 1 HR,
WQ + 1550F, 1 HR, WQ +
10-6 900F, 3 HRS, AC; FTU =
8 315 KSI, FTY = 305 KSI AND
Klc =53 KSI-.,jiNCH.
6

4
4 6 8 10 20 40 GO
MAXIMUM STRESS INTENSITY
K - KSI;/INCH
FIG. 3. 0521 INFLUENCE OF STRESS INTENSITY
FACTOR K AND TEST ENVIRONMENT
ON FATIGUE -CRACK PROPAGATION
'
I IN SHEET AND PLATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE. (28)(69)
f
 FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 FERROUS ALLOYS

30
~.~.
400~------~--------~------~
.-iJ, Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al TENSION
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al
CVMBAR Fe
lSOOF, 30 MINUTES, AC + 900F,
34 26 ~
0
3 HOURS 18 Ni
0
....
0 9 Co
I
r.:l 5 Mo
0
~ 30 22 ~ Ti
g
;: ~ AI
Cl
r.:l

~ 26 18
100 ~------~------~~~--~~
18 Ni
...<rn Maroging
(300)
L T
22 OL-------~------~U---~
....
0 0. 07 IN SHEET (21)
0 10 20 30
6 0.25 IN PLATE (21)
... 7/8 INDIA BAR (21) 1000 KSI

BAR (5)

18 L-----~----~------~----~------~----~
FIG. 3. 0641 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES AT
ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPER-
400 600 800 1000 ATURE FOR ANNEALED AND
-200 0 200
AGED BAR. (5)
TEST TEMPERATURE-F
FIG. 3.0621 STATIC AND DYNAMIC MODUIJ FOR TENSION AT
CRYOGENIC, ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES.
:C (5)(21, p. 162 - 171, 202)
~.
34 r-----~----~----~----~----,
Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti-Al COMPRESSION
CVM, SHEET, PLATE AND BAR
MILL ANNEAL 1500F + AGE 900F, 3 !IRS
30

, ,
..
~
0 26
0
....
0

L T
22
0 0.07 IN SHEET
6 0.25 IN PLATE
... 1.5 IN DIA BAR
18
0 200 400 600 800 1000

TEST TEMPERATURE- F 400

FIG. 3. 0622 STATIC MODULI FOR COMPRESSIO!I AT Fe-18Ni-9Co-5Mo-Ti- Al
ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES. CVMBAR
(21, p. 172-181) 1500F, 30 MINUTES, AC + 900F,
36 3 HOURS
Fe-18Nl-9Co-5Mo-Ti- Al 300
AIR MELT, 0.99 Ti
L T

~
\] RT-
1650F, 1hr,+CR+900F, 3hrs "'
34

0~
1650F, 1 ,+CR+1650F, 1hr +
900F, 3hrs SOOF
).
~ 200
Bl F
~5 F : \ [\

~
1000F

100

TENSION
22L-----~----~----~--~ 0
0 W U W M 0 10 20 30
COLD REDUCTION - PERCENT 1000 KSI
F1G. 3. 0623 EFFECT OF COLD WORK ON STATIC F1G. 3.0651 SECANT MODULUS CURVES AT ROOM
MODULI AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES FOR
(53) ANNEALED AND AGED BAR. (5)
 FE'RROUS ALLOYS
REF'ERENCES
Fe 1. ASTM A-538-65-Grade C, AS:fM standn.rds, Part 4,
(January, 1967).
18 Nl 2. VASCO, Latrobe, Penna, Spec. NrJs. MB-300 CVM and
MS-300 CVM (November 1.5, 1967).
9 Co 3. International Nickel Compa!ly, "Summal"'J Data",
(March 30, 1965).
5 Mo 4. U. S. Steel Corporation, "USS Maraglng Steel", ADUSS
94034 (1964).
Ti 5. VASCO, Latrobe, Penna, "Vascomax 18 Percent
Nickel Ultra High Strength Maraglng Steels" (1966)
AI 6. Curtiss-Wright Corporation, "Research on Binary
Iron-Nickel Alloys with 20-25 Percent Nickel",
AF33(616) 8018, Progress Report No. 3 (November 30,
18 Ni 1962).
Maraging 7. Reisdorf, B. G. and Baker, A. J. , "The Kinetics and
Mechanisms of the Strengthening of Maraging Steels",
(300) AFML-TR-64-390 (January, 1965)
B. DeVries, R. P. , "Effect of Processing Factors and
Size on the Properties of Commercially Produced
18Ni-Co-Mo-Marnging Steel," Symposium on
Maraging Steels at Wright- Patterson Air Force
Base (May 14, 1962).
9. Hamaker, J. C. Jr., "Effect of Primary Processing
on Ultrahigh-strength Steels", In DMIC Report 210,
page 32 (October 26-28 , 1964).
10. Repub!.ic Steel Corporation, "Manufacturing Process
Development for High Strength Steels, Forging Survey
18Ni-Co-Mo-Maraging and 9NI-4Co Quench and
Temper High Strength Steels", Interim Engineering
Progress Report ffi-8-157-L, ASD Contract AF33(657)
11277 (September, 1963).
11. Ibid, Plate and Sheet Survey.
12. Yates, D. H., Vanadium Alloys Steel Company,
"Personal Communications with W. F. Brown Jr. "
(1963).
13. Witherel, E. E., International Nickel Company,
"Personal Communications with W. F. Brown Jr. "
(1963)
14. Barton, C.J., Reisdorf, B.G., Salmon Cox, P.H.,
Chilton, J.M. nnd Oskln, C.E. Jr., "Investigation of
Thermal Emhrittlement In 18 Ni (250) Maraglng
Steel", AFML-TR-67-34 (March, 1967).
15. Decker, R. F. , International Nickel Compnny,
"Personal Communications with W, F. Brown Jr."
(1963).
16. Peterson, W.A., Donn, S.W., Scott, T.E. and
Dffiari, G.A., "Review of Curr~nt Work on Maraglng
Steels", ASD-TDR-63-262, Page 309 (May, 1963)
17. Troiano, A.K., "Hydrogen In Mnraglng Steel, Type
18Ni-9Co-5Mo (300) Grade) presented at the 3rd
Maraglng Steel Project Review, ASD Project 7381
(July, 1963).
18. McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, "Static Fatigue
Strength of Diffused Nickel Cadmium Plated
Vasco max 250 nnd Vascomax 300", Report A733,
Sertal No. !'9 (AD 441111) (July, 1963).
19. Bristol .".cl'Ojet Ltd., and WesUand Aircraft Ltd.
The Chemical Contouring of 18 Percent Nickel
Maraglng Steel Sheet, D. Mat. Rept. No. 143
(April, 1967).
20. Pelllssier, G. E., "Some Microstructural Aspects
of Maraglng (250) Steel In Relation to Strength and
Toughness", In the Proc. of the Third Maraging
Steel Project Review. RTD-TDR-63-4048 (November,
1963) pp. 408 - 437.
21. Hoenie, A. F., Lumm. J.A., Shelton, R.J., and
Wallace. R. A. "Determination of Mechanical
Property Design Values for 18Nl.Co-Mo 250 and 300
Grade Maraglng Steels", AFML-TR-65-197 (July,
1965).
22. Lane, D. H., Frost, R.M., and Krause, A.J., "AC
Generator Rotor Materials", AFAPL-TR-66-127
(March, 1967)
23. Dean, S. W., nnd Copson, H.R., "Stress Corrosion
Behavior of Maraging Nickel Steels In Natural
Environments," Corrosion, Volume 21, pp. 95 - 103
(March, 1965).
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969
24. Rubin, A. , "Stress Corrosion Cracking of Maraging
Steels," In Proceedings of the Fourth Maragtng
Steel Project Review, (1964).
25. Wacker, G.A., "Stress Corrosion Cracking Studies o!
10, 12. and 18 percent Ni Maraglng Steel Alloys In
Sea Water", U.S. Navy, Marine Engineering Lab.,
MEL R & D Phase Report, 73/66 (March, 1966).
26. Mulherin, J .H., "Stress Corrosion Susceptibility o!
High Strength Steel, In Relation to Fracture Toughness"
ASME Paper No 66-Met-5 (1966),
27. Brisbane, A.W., Hawn, J.M., andAult, R.T.,
"Fracture Toughness and Delayed Failure Behavior
of 18 Percent Nickel Maraging Steel", Materials
Research and Standards, ASTM, pp. 395-405
(August, 1965).
28. Wei, R. P., Talda P.M., and L!, Che-Yu, "Fatigue
Crack Propagation In Some Ultrahigh-strength Steels",
ASTM STP 415 , pp. 460 - 485 (1967)
29. Republic Steel Corporation, "Special Property Steels".
Adv. 1868-10M-468, p. 31.
30. Latrobe Steel Company, ''Unpublished Data -
Personal Communication," R.A. Woodall with R. P.
Wei (December, 1968).
31. Com, D. L., "Evaluation of 18Ni-9Co-5Mo (300 ksl)
Maraglng Steel Sheet. Part 1: Mechanical Properties",
Report No. SM-43110, Douglas Aircraft Company
(November 27, 1963).
32. International Nickel Compnny, "Preliminary Da!n
Sheet" (1962).
33. Shimmin, J. T., and Odar, J.A., "Manufacturing
Process Development of High Strength Steels,
Phase ll", Interim Engineering Progress Report VIII,
Republic Steel Corporation, ASD AF33(657)-11277
(August 1965).
34. Lovell, D. T., and Uchida, J, M., ''Investigation of
Vacuum Melted 1BNI (300) Maraglng Steel", Boeing
Document No. D2-20256-1 (January 1965).
35. Curtiss-Wright Corporation, Wright Aeronautical
Division, "Research on Binary Iron-Nickel Alloys
with 20-25 Percent Nickel", AF33(616)-8018,
Progress Report No. 5 (hay 30, 1962).
36. Maynor, H. W. Jr., and l""sch, c.c., "Effects o!
Melting Practice, Thlcknt:.s and Thermal and
Mechanical Treatments on Krc of Nickel Maraglng
Steel", Final Technical Report No. 4, Army Missile
Command, No. DA-01-009-QRD-889 (June 30, 1965)
37. The Boeing Company Aero-space Division,
"Investigation o! Low-cycle Fatigue Failures Using
Applied Fracture Mechanics", Progress Report,
AF33(657)-10251 (October, 1963).
38. Crimmins, P.P. and Tenner, W.S., ''Informal
Monthly Report for the Investigation of Maraging Steel
Covering the period 1 May through 30 May 1963",
ASD Contract AF33 (657)-8740, Aerojet-Gcneral
Corporation, Sacramento, California (May, 1963).
39. Ibid, Period from 1 June to 30 June, 1963.
40. General Dynamics Corporation, Fort Worih, Texas,
"An Investigation of 18Ni.Co-Mo (300) Maraging Steel
Forgings", Report No. FZM-2608 (May 1:, 1964).
41. Sparks, R.B., "Properties of Maraglns s,.eel Press
Forgings", Maraglng Steel Project Review, ASD-TDR-
63-262, p. 195 (November, 1962).
42. Glasgal, B.M., Looby, G.T., and Traynor, M.T.,
Republic Steel Corporation, "Unpublished Daln" (1962).
43. Yates, D. H., Vanadium Alloys Steel Compnny,
"Personal Communication with W.F. Bro\\11, Jr."
(1963)
44. Shimmin, J. T., et al, Republic Steel Corporation
"Manufacturing Progress Development for lllgh
Strength Steels", Interim Engineering Progress
Report m-8-157 (V) (1 July 1964 - 1 October 1964).
45. U.S. Steel Corporation, Applied Research Laboratory
"Unpublished Data." Communication toR. P. Wel(1969)
46. Aggen, G.N., Allegheny-Ludium Steel Corporation,
"Personal Communication with W.F. Brown, Jr."
(1962).
47. Aerojet General Corporation, "Evaluation of High-
Nickel Maraglno; Alloy Steels", AF33(657)-8890,
Task No. 738103, Phase I, (AD295680) (1 October
 FeUH
REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

through 31 December 1962 - 15 January 1963).

Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, "Research
48.
Center Data Sheet 166-73062 BB (1963).
Fe
49. Sampson, H. B., "Preliminary Investigation of 250
and 300 Nickel Maraglng Steel Sheets (18Ni-<:o-Mo)",
18 Ni
Maraging Steell>roject Review, ASD-TDR 63-262,
p. 271 (November, 1902).
9 Co
50. Hanna, G.L., and Steigerwald, E. A., "Fracture
Characteristics of Structural Metals", Bureau of
5 Mo
Naval Weapons contract no. N600(19)-58831, Final Ti
ReportER 5426, TAPCO, Cleveland, Ohio (June, 1,63).
51. Vanadium Alloy Steel Company, "Personal
Communication between J.G. Hamaker, and S.S.
AI
Manson (1963).
5'J Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation", Research 18 Nl
Center Data Sheet 163-73062-AA (1963).
53. Spaeder, G.J., and Murphy, W.J., "Properties of MaraQinQ
Cold Reduced 300 Grade 18 Ni Maraglng Steel",
.Journal of Materials, Volume 3, No. 1, p. 116 (1968).
(300)
5<1. 1\ordquist, F .C., "An Investigation of 18Ni-<:o-Mo
(300) Mar,lging Steal Forgings", General Dynamics,
Report No. FZM-2608 (May 10, 1962).
55. Matas, S., Republic Steel Research Center,
"Personal Communication with W.F. Brown, Jr.,"
(1962).
50. Maynor, II. W., Jr., et al, "Kic of a 300 Grade
18 Nickel Mnraglng Steal as Influenced by Specimen
Type and Thermal and Mechanical Treatment".
57. Curtiss-Wright Corporation, Wright Aeronautical
Division, "Research on Binary Iron-Nickel Alloys
with ~0-25 Percent Nickel", AF33t616)-8u18,
Pro;:ress Heport No. 4 (February 28, 1962).
58. lloesc, W.P., and Master ,J.N., "An Evaluation of
Large Diameter Solid Propellant Motor Case
i\latcrials", Boeing Airplane Company, Report D2-
~~aJ.I (i\lay 1963).
59. Sippel, G.H., :md Vonncgut, G. L., "Evaluation of
18 Percent N1-<:o-~lo-i\laraglng Steel for !Ieavy and
Thin Wall Hockct i\lotor Case Ap;:>lications", Allison
Dh1sion, General Motors Corporation, Engineering
Department, HcllOrt No. 3448 (July 1~. 1963).
no. Brown, W.F., .Jr., andSrawlcy, J.E., "PlnncStrain
Crack Toughness Testing of lligh Strengih Metallic
Materials, ASTM STP 410 (1907).
()). Smith, II. L.. and Hominc, II. E., "Fracture
Toughness Studies of Maraging Steels", Maraging
Steal Project Review, ASD-TDH G3-2G2 (November,
WG~). page I.
Splt1.i;:, 1\'.A., "The Effect of Duplex Ab>ing Treatment
on the l\lcchanical Properties of ISNi-<:o-Mo-Ti
1\laraging: Steels'\ U.S. Sleet Corporation, preprinl
of paper to he published in Trans., ASM (!91i9),
"The i\lc~hmticnl Properties of I\laraging Steels".
Dl\liC Memorandum Draft (July~~. l!JG:J).
(il. Cant, D.L., and i\lixon, \\'.V .. "Interim Hcporton
the Effect of Crack Shape on Fracture TOUJ::Imass.
Hcport S~l-14671. Douglas Aircraft Comp:my
(April 27, 191l4).
g;,, Tuffncll, G.W., l'as<tuine. D.L .. and Olson. ,J.JI ..
".\n lnvcstigalion of the Fatigue Beh:l\;or of 18
Pet'Ccnt Nickel ;\larag:in~ Steel'', Trans. AS;\1,
Volume ;i9. p. 7GfJ (19GG) .
(jlj 0 .Junes. H. L .. :md Kordquist. F.C,. "An Evaluation of
,,' lli~h Strength Steel Forgings", HTD-TDH-Ii3-I050
(~lay. l!JGI),
(i7. C:unpbcll ..J. E., "Hc\'iew of ,\lloys mui Fabrication
lllcthods Used for Tactical l\lissilc ~lotor Cases".
IHliC ~lema ~~4 (AUh'11St 15, 1967).
GS. Seahrool;, .1. D. "Working \\;th ~laragini; Steels -
:\itridin~, ;\Ictal Progress (.July, H.HJ:J).
IHJ, C:H"nl:Ul, C. ~1.. and Kat! in, .J. ~1., "Low Cycle
Fati~e Crack Propagation of lll~;h Strength Steels",
Gli-l\IET-:l, :\S~IE (April, 19GG).
iO AlliS li!i~l Play I, !9ii9),
 REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS Fe A

1.01 Commercial Deslguatlon

1.0 GENERAL Wrought, Type 301 and Type 302;
The austenitic stainless steels Type 301 and Type 302 are Cast, CF - 20.
Fe
members of a large family of steels which combine excep
r.:' tlonal corrosion and oxidation resistance with excellent 1.02 Alternate Deslguatlons
18 Cr
formability In the annealed condition. These steels con 188 Steels, 177 Steels (Type 301),
taln a minimum of 16 percent chromium and 6 percent nick 188 Austenitic Stainless Steels, AISI Type 301
8 Ni
el. Type 301 Is the lowest alloyed and Type 302 the next and Type 302 Stainless Steel.
lowest alloy<d member of this family. They also belong to
the subfamily of"stralght 188 steels," which vary only 1.03 Specification!! TYPE 301
slightly In chromium and nickel and contain no other me Table 1. 03. TABLE 1 03
talllc alloying element. In general the corrosion and oxl ~F,;rn Mil t;:;;-
TYPE 302
AMS
dation resistance lli1prove as the chromium and nickel con 358 Casting, prec. Invest. (S" .
tent Increase. Another lmJ'IC)rt4Dt element which affects 55150 Sheet, strip, plate (ST) MILS-5059 A
rhe corrosion resistance Is carbon. As carbon content In 5516E Sheet, strip, plate (ST) MILS-5059 A
cresses, the tendency of the austenitic steels to preclpl 5517D Sheet, strip, (I 14 H) MILS5059 A
tate carbides at temperatures between about 800 and J6COF A
5518C Sheet, strip, (1/2 H) MILS5059
Increases nnd the resulting structure Is subject to Inter 5519E Sheet, strip, (Full H) MILS-5059 A
granular corrosion. The most Important combination of 5636A Bar (CD to 100 ksl) .
such conditions Is encountered In welded assemblies, which 5637A Bar (CD to 125 ksl) .
are subjected to certain corrosive environments. In such . Bar, forgings MILS7720 (302)
applications low carbon grades of the straight 188 steels 5688C Wire (spring temper) .
may be satisfactory. Frequently, however, It will be nee
essary to use a member of another subfamlly,namely one l.04 Composition
Table 1.04.
TABLE I 04
IC: 10 n. 22\ 10, " 23) AMS(1)(2)(3)(4)(6)(7)(8)(9) (13
(Tv;;; 301 302 301 and 302 CF 20
Percent Percent Percent Percent
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max

Carbon . 0.15 . 0.15 0.08 (b) 0.15 (a) . 0.20

Chromium 16.00 18.00 17.00 19.00 17.00 19.00(c) 18 21
. . . .
Copper
.
-
2.00
.
.
.
2.00 .
0.50 (d)
2.00 . 1.50
Manganese
Molybdenum . . . . . 0.50 (d) . .
Nickel 6.00 8.00 8.00 10.00 7.00(e) 10.00 (c) 8 11
. 0.045 . 0. 045 . 0.040 . 0.04
Phosphorus
. . 1.00 . 1.00 . 2.00
Slllcon
s~uur . 1.00
0.030 . 0.030 . 0.030 . 0.04
Balance Balance Balance Balance
Iron

of the two stabilized 188 steels, Type 321 and Type 347, 1.05 Heat Treatment
In which other elements combine with carbon. The mechan 1.051 Anneaf:'""'iype 301, 1950 to 20SOF, Type 3021 1925 to
lcal properties of the straight and special 188 steels dlf 2075F, 1 hour per Inch thickness, water quench, cooling
"""' fer only slightly. However, at the low composition end, to 800F should occur within 3 minutes maximum.
the properties are considerably Influenced by a relatively 1.052 Solution treat. Same as anneal.
small difference In the nickel content. The austenitic sta 1,053 Stress relief
blllzatlon by nickel becomes complete only at high nickel 1.0531 To Improve the elastic characteristics and to Increase
content and austenitic stainless steels transform on cold the compressive yield strength of cold worked conditions,
work, to an extent determined primarily by the nickel con heat to 400 to 800F, 8 to 36 hour maximum, respectively.
tent. From this lnstablllty Type 301 derives the capacity 1.0532 After forming to prevent stress cracking. Full 'anneal, or
to he strengthened by cold work to an exceptional extent, alternatively, 600F, 30 minutes to :1 hour. Full anneal
and It Is used primarily In varlou cold worked conditions. Is mandatory where certain corrosive media, such as
To utilize this capacity, to Its full extent, cold work should hot chloride, may lead to stress corrosion cracking.
be followed by stress rellevlng at 400 to 800F. This stress 1.054 Alloy can be strengthened only by cold work, see 1. 06.
relief particularly Increases the compressive yield strength
In the longitudinal direction, and results In reduced dlrec 1.06 Hardness
tlo~allty and Improved elastic behavior. In the cold worked 1.061 The strength of sheet obtained by cold rolling depends
condition Type 301 Is also somewhat superior to other gra largely upon the chemical composition, particularly the
des In regard to formability at any given strength level. nickel and carbon contents. Effect of rolling re
Type 301 and Type 302 are combined In writeup because ductlon and composition on tensile properties of 300
they differ only slightly and complement each other. Type Series Steels, Fig. 1.061.
,;~... 302 Is Inferior to Type 301 In strength, but exhibits slight 1.062 Further Increase In strength, particularly b1 the Jon
ly better corrosion resistance. However, it is tnlerior, In gltudlnal compressive yield strength, Is obtained by
the latter respect to the low carbon grades Type 304 and stress relief.
Type 304 L. Type 302, used primarily In the annealed con 1.063 Percentage cold reduction and corresponding tensile
dltlon, Is the most popular austenitic steel for general pur strength for various tempers of Type 301 and Type 302,
p:>ses and for corrosion and heat resistance applications. Table 1. 063.
The family of straight 188 steels also Includes Type 303 TABLE I 063
and Type 305. This distinction of types by AlSI Is rather Source (49)
arbitrary and not followed by the AMS Specifications, Tvne TYPe 301 ype 302
which also establish different composition limits for Percent cold Ftu"'rang Percent cold Fturang<
different products and conditions. Desired strength Temper
eduction-range ksl eductlonranae ks~-
properties for the harder tempers nf this alloy can be 711 125155 2022 125150
l/4 hard
met only by compositions within the Type 301 range and 1821 150180 3033 150170
l/2 hard
possibly only by narrowing the :lmlts. Both Type 301 2932 175195 40 170190
3/4 hard
and Type 302 are available In all WniJI!~t forms. Castings 40 190220 50 185200
Full hard
are also produced In similar compositions. Extra full hard 65 240275 . .

CODE 1301
PAGE
 FERROU S ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965

1.064 Eflect of low test temperature on hardnes of extra 2, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Fe hard cold rolled shee!, Fig. 1. 064.
1.065 Effect of aging temperature on hardness of 67 percent 2.01 Thermal Properties
18 Cr cold rolled sheet, Fig. 1. 065. 2.011 Melting range. 2550 to 2650F,
1.066 Effect of hydrogen environment at elevated temperature 2,012 Phase cllanges occurring In these steels are very
8 Ni on surface hardness ofhalfhard sheet, Fig, 1.066, complex. Heating or cold work may result In some
1.067 A!Sl typical values for hardness, Table 1. 067. transformation or austenite to ferrite (martensite)
simultaneously wfth precipitation of carbides.
TYPE 301 j!>ource TABLE 1 067
2.0121 Tlmetemperat ure:transforma tlon diagrams
10 2.013
TYPE 302 jl,;ondlt
IForm
on
Sheet stri Plate
2.014
Thermal conductivity, Fig. 2. 013.
Thermal expansion, Fig, 2. 014.
jHaraness
Ann 1 4H 2HI"" """" A
2.015 Specific heat, Fig. 2, 015.
Type 301 85 RB 25 RC 32 RC 2.016 Dll'!'uslvlty, Fig. 2, 016,
37 RC 41 RC 165BHN
Type 302 85 RB 25 RC - - - SORB 2.02 Other Physical Properties
Form Rnr WtrP 2,021 Density. 0. 286 lb per cu In, 7. 83 gr per cu ~m.
r.ondltlon HI- 2,022 Electrical resistivity, Fig, 2. 022,
Arn CD Tension Ann Soft Harrl 2,023 Magnetic properties, These alloys are nonmagnetic In
Hardness the annealed condition but become magnetic on cold
Type301
Type 302
- - -
150BHN 212BHN 240 to
-
83 RB 95 RB
- - work. The magnetization Increases with decreasing
nickel content, Effect or composition and reduction
33 RC
277 BH~ on magnetic permeahlllty and tensile strength of 300
series sheet, Fig. 2, 023,
2.024 Emissivity, Fig. 2, 024.
1.07 Forms and Conditions Available 2,025 Damping capacity
1.071 Alloy Is available In the full commercial range of sizes
and conditions for various forms as follows: 2.03 Chemical Properties
1.0711 Type 301 sheet and strip, annealed, 1/4H, 1/2H, 3/41-1, 2.031 Corrosion resistance
full H, extra H and stress relieved tempers. 2. 03!1 Genral corrosion resistance of Type 301, like that of
1.0712 Type 302 bar, annealed and two standard tempers.
all oustenltlc stainless steels, Is very high, but It I
1.0713 Type 302 wire, annealed and three standard tempers.
u th~ lower end of the corrosion scale for 188 steels,
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice Type 302 Is slightly superior to Type 301.
2.0312 lntergranular attack In corrosive media Is pronounced
Electric furnace air melt, Induction and consumable
electrode vacuum melts and remelts are at so available. If these steels are sensitized by slow cooling through
or by exposure at temperatures between BOO ar.d 1600F.
Ann~.allng wlll eliminate this sensitized condition.
1.09 ~i!!_Con~<!_eratlons
1.091 The effect of cold work on the properties of these steels, Effects of exposure temperature and time on average
particularly of Type 301, depends to a conslderat.le corrosion rate In balling nitric acid of cold rolled
extent on the content or nickel, carbon and possibly sheet, Fig, 2, 0312.
2.0313 Stress cracking may he pronounced In these steels In
other elements, as well as on not well recognized
processing conditions, such as speed and temperature or the formed condition, If high residual stresses .are
rolling. Materials can he obtained for special require present. The tendency or stress cracking depends
menta to closer composition limits than those listed In primarily on the value or tensile strength developed.
specifications, In order to secure higher uniformity In Severely formed parts, particularly In the harder
properties cr performance on fabrication. tempers or Type 301, should he Immediately annealed
1.092 Cold rolled sheet In these alloys exhibits a very pronounced or stress relieved to prevent cracking,
2,0314 Stress corrosion cracking may occur In certain media,
directionality. While the tensile strength and tensile
yield strengths are nearly the same In both directions, primarily In hot chlorides, If residual stresses are
the compressive yield strength and compresBive stress present. Under normal atmospheric conditl'lns no
otraln curves are much higher In the transverse than In stress corrosion Is observed, even ln extra h:J:d sheet.
2.0315 Stress corrosion cracking tests under a variety of
the longltudlnsl direction, This condition Is only partly
Improved by stress relief. applied stresses and conditions, Table 2. 0315.
TABLE 2 0315
r-s-ource 41 -p. 12 13
AITOY
TV00301
Form
Sheet
Condition Extra hard Extra hard Full hard
Direction
Applied stress ksl
Stress relief
L
178.5
.-
Stress relief
T
25.9-181.3 28. 9202. 2
Stress relief
T
18.4-128.7 18. 7130.8
Full hard

18.2-127.4
T

Exposure days without failure 18.8131.3

Kure Beach, 80 tr lot 240 398 398 398 398 398 398
Kure Beach, 800 It lor 398 398 398 398 398 398
Salt spray 285391 344 414 417 419 415
Alternate immersion 392 392 388 388 405 405
Atmosphere 350 350 35~ 350 350 350

1.093 Small amount or cold work during straightening and 2,0316 'll!ese steels are not subject to hydrogen embrlttlement,
handling can raise considerably the low yield strength see !,066.
of annealed material. 2,032 Oxidation resistance Is high up to J600F for continuous
1.094 Heating for long times at 800F and short times at 1600F service and up to J700F for intermittent service.
or slow cooling through this range must he avoided.
1.095 Carburlztng conditions at high temperatrres reduce 2.04 Nuclear Properties
corrosion resistance.
See Type 304.
1.096 Adhering zinc and lead particles, which lead to em- 2.041 Effect of Irradiation exposure on tensile properties and
brlnlernent at elevated temperatures, must be removed hardness of alloy, Table 2.041.
prim to heating.

CODE 1301
PAGE 2
 REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS Fe A

TABLE 2 041
J Source 35,1>.34-;35 Fe
\......./ Allov ype 301
60'}[, cold worked
Tvne 302
Condition Ann Ann 18 Cr
Irradiation temo F 200 . -416 - 200 -
Irradiation exposure - n m~) 3. 9 X IQ9 Cnnrrol 2.0 x 101 &.;trnl 3:-<1 x o9 Control 8 Ni
Test temo- F 423 .T
Ftu. ksl 113.2 98.7 284 391 111.3 95.5
Fry ksl 87.0 as.4 284 300 84.0 33.8 TYPE 301
e, percent 50.0 56.0 8 13 - .
RA,
Hardness
percent
RB
8!.0
94
83.0
94
.
-
-
- -- -- TYPE 302
3.0213 Effect of stress reUef temperature on tensile properties
:;. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
of 60 percent reduced sheet, Fig. 3. 0213.
3.0214 Effect ~ cyclic exposure stress on room temperature
3.01 Specified Mechanical Prope:tles
tensile properties of 60 percent reduced sheet exposed
~.Oil AMS specified mechanical properties, Table 3. 011.
at 600F and 900F, Fig. 3.0214.
TABLE 3 011
S'lilr.:e AMSCI AMS/2 AMS/3 AMSC4 AMS/5 AMSi6 AMS/7\ AMS/8 AMSC9l
A!lov Tvnes 301 and 302
For.m Casting
Sheet, strip, plate Sheet, slrip Bar Wire coU(b) prec.lnvest.
Condition ST+CD Spring

Thickness - in
HR+ST
< :?
CR+ST 1/4 H
;!;
J/2 H
>
Full H
s >
ST+CD +700F temoer
!i0.009 to
- ST

0.025 0. 025 -75 - 0.015 0. 015 0.015 0.015 . - 0.375 -

tu. -mln-ksl
maxksl
-
120 100
125
ISO
ISO
-
185
-
100
-
!25
.
355 to 170
- --
Fry -mlnksl -- 36 (a) 75 110
-
140 60
-
100 325 to 140 --
e(2in),
-max-ksl 60(a) - - -
min-percent
e(4D),
50 55 40 25 15 18 8 9 - - - -
min-percent -- -- -- - -- -- - -- . 32 17 - --
RA, min -percent
Hardness
- 50 45 -
BHN, max
RC, min
-- -
-
-- -- -- -
- - -
26
-
-
175
-
max - - - - - - . 34 - -
I
(a) F1y for thicknesses;!; U. 076 ln.
(o) For straight lengths, reduce values given by 10 percent.
3.012 Destgn nlllchanlca! properties of sheet cold rolled and 3.0215 Elfect ol exposure at low temperature on room tempera ..
stress relieved to various tempers, sec MILHDBK -5. ture tensile properties of extra hard cold rolled sheet,
3.013 AIS! gooranteed mechanical properties, Table 3. 013. Fig. 3.0215.
3.022 Compression
TABLE 3 Oi3 3.0221 Stressstraln dlagrams
ISource 11n1 3.023 lmpacl
Alloy T""" 301 l-rm~n' 3.024 Bending
Form Sheet strlo 3.025 Torsion and shesr
Cold 3.026 Bearing
Cold rolled 3,027 Stress concentration
Condition rolled
3.0271 NO!Ch properties
J.nn l/4H l/2H 3/4H Full H l/4H 3.02711 E!!ect of cold rolllng and test direction on notch strength
Fru minksi uo 125 ISO 175 18~ 125 nf sheet, Fig. 3.0~'711.
Fry min-ks! 40 75 110 135 140 75 3.02712 P..ffect of exposure at low temperature on room tempera-
, -min .. percent ture notch strength of extra hard cold rolled sheet, F4t.
:s,0.015 In 50 25 15 10 8 12 3.02712.
O.Oi6 to 0,024 In 50 25 18 12 9 12 3,02713 Effect of rolling direction angle on tensile prope."tles and
>0,25ln 55 25 18 12 9 12 nO!ch strength of 60 percent cold reduced sheet, Fig.
Type 302, ann, has same properties as Type 301, ann, 3.02713.
Maximum 3.0272 Fr.tcture toughness
3.028 Combined properties
3,014 Tentative producers' guarantees for extra hard, stress 3.03 Mechanical Properties at Vrlous Temperatures
relieved temper, Ftu min= 270 ksi. 3.031 Tension
3.0311 Stress-strain diagrams
3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature 3.03111 Stress-strain curves for Type 301 full hard and full hard
3.021 Tension stress relieved sheet at room and elevated temperatures,
3.0211 Stress-strain diagrams Fig. 3,03111.
3.02111 Stress-strain curves lor sheet and strip cold rolled to 3.03112 Stress-strain curves in temdon for various temperatures
different temper, Fig. 3.02111. and exposure times for 60 percent cold reduced sheet,
3.02112 Stress-strain curves for sheet and strfp cold rolled Fig. 3.03112. .
to full hard and extra hard tempers, Fig. 3. 02112. 3.03113 Stressstrain curves tn tension at low temperatures o!
3.0212 Effect of cold reduction on tensile properties of sheet, extra hard cold rolled sheet, Fig. 3,03113.
Fig. 3, 0212.

CODE 1301
PAGE 3
Fe A
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965

.---- --,3, 0311 4 Stress- strain curves for Type 301 extra bard 3,03212
and extra Stress- strain curves In compre ssion for Type
301 full
Fe bard stress relieve d sheet at room and elevate
d temper a bard and full bard stress relieve d sheet at room
and
tures, Fig. 3. 03114. elevate d temper atures, Fig. 3,03212 .
18 Cr 3,0312 Rolling effects on tension proper des 3.03213 Stress- strain curves In compre ssion for Type
301 extra
3.03121 l!ffect of cold rolling on tensUe proper ties of bard and extra hard stress relieve d sheet at room
Type 301 and
8 Ni sheet at room temper ature and -320F, Fig.
3,0312 1. elevate d temper atures, Fig. 3,03213 ,
L---- ---'3 .031 22 l!ffect of percent reducti on 011 tensUe proper 3.0322 l!ffect of test temper ature on compre ssive yield
ties of sheet strengt h
tested at room temper ature and -423F, Fig. of Type 301 anneale d sheet, Fig. 3, 0322.
3,0312 2.
TYPE 3013. 03123 l!ffect of low temper atures and percen t cold
reducti on on 3.0323 l!ffect of test temper ature and test directio n
on com
tensUe propert ies of sheet, Fig. 3, 03123. presslv e yield streugt l: of Type 3011/2 hard
TYPE sheet, Fig.
302 3,0312 4 l!ffect of low rolling temper ature on tensUe 3.0323 .
propert ies
at room temper ature and 320F of reduced sheet, 3.0324 l!ffect of test temper ature on compre ssive yield
strengt h
Fig. 3.03124 . of 45 percen t and 60 percent reduced sheet,
Fig. 3.0324 .
3.0312 5 l!ffect of low rolling temper ature on tensUe 3.0325 l!ffect of test temper ature and exposu re time
propert ies at on com
room temper ature and 423F of 10 percen t reduced presslv e yield strengt h of 60 percent cold reduced
sheet, sheet,
Fig. 3. 03125. Fig. 3.0325 .
3,0312 6 l!ffect of rolling temper ature on tensUe proper l!ffect of test temper ature, test directio n and
ties at =~s
room temper ature and 423F of 65 percen t reduced relief on compre ssive yield strengt h of Type
301 full
sheet, Fig. 3.03126 . hard and extra hard sheet, Fig, 3,0326 ,
3.0313 Prior exposu re and strain rate effects on tension 3.033 Impact
proper
ties. 3.034 Bending
3.03131 l!ffect of test temper ature, strain rate and holding 3.035 Torsion and shear
on tensile propert ies of Type 301 1/2 bard sheet, time 3.0351 Effect of test temper ature on shear strenst h
Fig. of Types
3.03131 . 301 and 302, Fig. 3. 0351.
3,0313 2 Effect of test temper ature, strain rate and holding 3.0352 Effect of test temper ature and exposu re time
tlmft on shear
on tensile propert ies of Type 301 3/4 bard sheet, streogt b of 60 percen t cold reduced sheet, Fig.
Fig. 3, 0352.
3,03132 . 3.036 Bearing
3.0313 3 Effect of test temper ature, strain rate and holding 3,0361 Effect of test temper ature on bearing propert
time ies of Types
on tensile propert ies of 45 percen t reduced 301 and 302 sheet, Fig. 3. 0361.
sheet, Fig.
3,03133 , 3,0362 l!ffect of test temper ature and exposu re time
3.0313 4 on bearing
Effect of test temper ature, strain rate and holding proper ties of 60 percent cold reduced sheet,
time Fig. 3.0362 .
on tensile propert ies of 60 percen t reduced sheet, 3,037 Stress concen tration
Fig.
3.03134 . 3.0371 Notch proper ties
3.0313 5 Effect of test temper ature and exposu re time 3,03711 Rolling effects on notch propert ies
on tensile
propert ies of 60 percent cold reduced sheet, 3.03711 1 Effect of rolling temper ature on notch strengt
Fig. 3.03135 , h at room
3.03136 l!ffect of test temper ature and prior exposu re temper ature and -423F of 65 percent reduced
on tensile sheet,
propert ies of 34 percen t cold reduced sheet, Fig. 3.03711 1.
Fig. 3. 03136.
3.0313 7 l!ffect of test temper ature and prior exposu 3.03711 2 Effect of low rolling temper ature 011 notch streogt
re on tensile b
propert ies of 51 percent cold reduced sheet, room temper ature and -423F of 10 percent reduced at
3.0313 8 Fig. 3.03137 .
Effect of test temper ature and prior exposu re sheet, Fig. 3,03711 2.
on tensile 3, 037113
propert ies of 60 percent cold reduced sheet, BUect of low temper ature and percent cold reducti
Fig. 3.03138 . on
3.0314 Stress relief effects on tension proper ties on notch streugt h of sheet, Fig. 3. 037113.
3,03141 l!ffect of test temper ature, test directio n and 3.03711 4 Effect Ollow temper ature on notch streugt h
stress of various
relief on tensile propert ies of Type 301 full percent reduced sheet, Fig. 3.03711 4.
hard sheet,
Fig. 3.03141 . 3.03711 5 Effect of reducti on on notch strenst h of sheet
3.0314 2 tested at
BUect of test temper ature, test directio n and room temper ature and -320F, Fig. 3.03711
stress 5.
relief on tensile propert ies of Type 301 extra 3,03711 6 Effect of reducti on on notch strengt h of sheet
hard sheet, tested
Fig. 3. 03142. . at room temper ature and 423F, Fig. 3,03711
3.0314 3 6.
Effect of stress relief and test temper ature 3. 03712 Prior exposu re and rate of loading effects on
on tensile notch
propert ies of cold rolled sheet, Fig. 3.0314 streugt h
3.
3.0315 Elevate d test temper ature effects on tension 3.03712 1 Effect of test temper ature and prior exposu
pro_per ties re on notch
3,03151 Effect of test temper ature on tensile proper proper ties of 60 percent cold reduced sheet,
ties of T)pe Fig. 3,03712 1,
301 1/2 hard sheet, Fig. 3, 03151. 3,03712 2 Effect of test temper ature and exposu re time
3.0315 2 on notch
BUect of test temper ature on tensile proper streogt b of 60 percen t cold reduced sheet, Fig.
ties of 60 3. 037122.
percent reduced sheet, Fig. 3, 03152, 3.03712 3 Effect of test temper ature and prior exposu re
3.0316 on notch
Low test temper ature effect on tension proper proper ties of 34 percent cold reduced sheet,
3.03161 ties Fig. 3. 037123.
BUect of low temper ature en the tensile proper 3.03712 4 l!ffect of stress concen tration !actor, temper
ties ature and
of anneale d bar, Fig. 3.03161 . loading rate on notch streogt b of extra bard
3,0316 2 cold rolled
BUect of low test temper ature on tensllc proper sheet, Fig. 3. 037124 .
ties
of 40 percent reduced sheet, Fig. 3. 03162. 3,03713 Stress relief effects on notch strengt h
3.03163 Effect of low test temper ature on tensile propert 3. 037131 llffect of stress relief and low test temper ature
le on notch
of 50 percent reducff i sheet, Fig. 3. 03163, streogt b of Type 301 sheet, Fig. 3. 037131.
3,03164 Effect of low test tem~erature CHI tensile proper 3.03714 Crack effects on notch strengt h
ties
of 40 percen t arxl 60 percent reduced sheet, 3.03714 1 Effect of test temper ature on net fractur e stress
Fig. of full
3,03164 . hard sheet, Fig. 3.03714 1.
3.03165 Effect of low test temper ature on !ensUe proper 3.03714 2 l!ffect of percen t cold reducti on on edge cracked
ties of propen les
60 percent cold reduced sheet, Fig. 3, 03165. of sheet at room temper ature aod 110F,
3.0316 6 Fig. 3,03714 2.
Effect of low test temper ature and thickne ss 3, 03715 Low test temper ature effects on notch streogt
on tensile h
propert ies of 60 percent reduced sheet, Fig. 3.03715 1 l!ffect of low test tempna ture on notch strengt
3, 03166. h of 60
3,03167 Effect of low test temper ature CHI tensUe proper percen t cold reduced sheet, Fig. 3.03715 1.
ties 3, 037152
of extra hard cold rolled sheet, Fig. 3, 03167. BUect of low temper ature on notch stretlf':lh
of extra hard
3,03168 BUect of low test temper ature and melt mhod cold rolled sheet, Fig. 3, 037152,
on 3.03715 3
tensile propert ies of 70 percent reduced sheet, l!ffect of low test temper ature on notch streugt
Fig. h of 40
3,03168 . percen t and 60 percen t reduced Type 302 sheet,
Fig.
3,032 Compre ssion 3.03715 3.
3,0321 Stress- strain diasram s 3,03715 4 l!ffect of low test temper ature on notch streogt
h of 50
3.03211 Stress- strain curves In compre ssion for Type percent reduced sheet, Fig. 3. 037154
301 3,03715 5
anneale d sheet at elevate d temper atures, Fig. l!ffect of low test temper ature on notch streogt
3. 03211. h ol 40
percen t reduced sheet, Fig. 3.03715 5,

CODE 1301
PAGE 4
 Fe A
REVISE(): MARCH 1965 FERROUS 'ALLOYS

3.037156 Effect <1low teat temperature and lhlclmeas 1111 notch elongatiaa <1 Type 301 permits pa>.ticularly severe
atreugth <160 percent reduced sheer, Fig. 3. 037156.
Effect <1low teat temperature 1111 notch atreugth <1 70
formlng In certain operatloaa, such as bending, stretch
forming and deep <L-awing. On the other b&Jd, their
Fe
3.037157
percent reduced vacuum melted sheet, Fig. 3.037157. hlgb rate <1 strain budenlng leads to a large apringback, 18 Cr
3.037158 Effect <1low teat temperature 1111 notch atreugth <1 70 to a pronounced teodency to bucl:le and wrlnl:le under
percent reduced air melt sheet, Fig. 3. 037158. compressive atrslns, and to coaalderable dliticultles In 8 Ni
3.0372 Fracture toughness remOq distortions. 'Ibf'&e cbaractert811ca call for
3,03721 Effect <1 specimen width oa fracture tougbneaa ol 60 forming tecbn1quea wb1cb lilffer silgbtly from those
percent cold reduced sheet at roam temperature and iiaed for other metals. TJle farmq <1 sheet becomes TYPE 301
-320F, Fig. 3,03721. necessarlly more d1ff1cult with Increasing temper,
3.03722 Effect <1low teat temperature 1111 fracture tougbneaa <1 1/4 bud _abeet can atlll be fabricated readUy by many TYPE 302
60 percent cold reduced sheet, Fig. 3. 03722. formlng techniques, wblle the forming <1 3/4 bard and
3,03723 Effect ol notch length oa fracture toughness ol 60 percent full bud sheet Ia reatricted prlmarUy to straight
cold reduced sheet at room temperature, -320F aJd bending.
-423F, Fig. 3.03723. 4.012 Bendq
4.0121 Practical bend factors for sheet, Table 4. 0121,
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
3.041 Creep curves far Type 302 annealed sheet at 1200 to 1600F, TABLF. 4. 0121
Fig. 3.041.
3.042 Sbort time total strain curves for aanealed Type 302 at
1200 to 1800F, Fig. 3.042.
Creep and creep rupture curves for Type 301 1/2 bud 4.0122 Sprlngbacl: greatly l.r.crease11 'With .Increasing temper.
3.043
sheet at 1200 to 1500F, Fig. 3.043. 4.013 Stress cracl:lng <1 deep drawu am spun sheet parts
Creep rupture curves far Type 301 full bud and atre88 occur If the resulting local budenlng and residual
3.044
relieved sheet at 800 to 1200F, Fig. 3. 044. atreseea are hlgb. Such plrt& require Immediate stress
3.045 Creep rupture curves for Type 301 extta bud and stress rellef by full annealing.
relieved sheet at 800 to 1200F, Fig. 3. 045. 4.014 F orgtng. Starting temperature 2300F maximum,
Creep curves for Type 301,60 percent reduced sheet under flnlabq temperature 1500F, minimum.
3.046
cyclic load at 61l0F and 900F, Fig. 3,046.
3.047 Creep and creep rupture curves for Type 301, 60 percent 4.02 Mac:blnl!!g and Grlnd!Dg
reduced sheet at 600F and 900F, Fig. 3. 047. Because <1 their hlgb rate <1 strain hardening 18-8
3.048 Creep and creep rupture curves for 80 percent cold atalnlesa steels require maximum feed at relatively
reduced sheet at 1000F, 1200F and HOOF, Fig. 3.048. low surface apeeaaauri.ng m;;ch'"'"Z operations. Their
hlgb atreugth necessitates the use ol rigid supports
Fatigue Properties <1 both the tools and the work and very sharp tools.
3.05
Their turning speeds are approximately 50 percent ol
3.051 S-N curves In flexure for extra fully bud sheet at low
temperatures, Fig. 3.051. those for mUd carboa steels. A blgbly caacentrated
Low cycle S-N curves for complex welded Joints o1 60 sulfur base on In ample qUantity should be used ss a
3.052
percent cold rolled sheet, Fig. 3. 052, coolant.
3.053 S-N curves for IIIIlaxlal and biaxial sheet for R & 0,50,
Fig. 3.053. 4.03 Weld!Dg
s- N curves for IIIIlaxlal and biaxial abeet for R & o. 10, 4.031 These steels can be readlly welded by all techniques,
3.054
but the weld and beat affected zone becomes susceptible
,, Fig. 3.054.
',.., to lntergranular corroslcin, unless annealed after
welding. For fusion welding, Type 308 electrodes or
3.06 Blastic Properties
3,061 Poisson's ratio flller rod are generally used.
3.062 Mndulua ol elasticity 4.032 Hard tempera <1 Type 301 sheet are unsuitable for
3.0621 Modulus ol elasticity for Type 3011/2 bud sheet at room fusion welding and brazing.
and elevat.ed temperat>trea, Fig. 3. 0621.
3.0622 Modulus ol elasticity In tension for Type 301 full bud 4.04 Heat Treatment
and extra bard sheet, Fig. 3, 0622. 4.041 Orldlzq atmospheres durq annoeling yield eaally
3.0623 Effect <11ow teat temperature oa modulus <1 elasticity remOable ac:ale.
for 60 percent reduced sheer, Fig. 3. 0623. 4.042 Roducing atmosphere during annealing results In a
3.0624 Effect ol teat temperature, strain rate and holdq time very thin scale wb1cb Ia difficult to remove.
on modulus ol elasticity In tension ol 45 percent and 60 4.043 Carburlzing conditions should be avoided.
percent reduced sheer, Fig. 3. 0524. 4.044 Bright annealing Ia fundamentally poaalble In very dry
i 3.0625 Effect ol temper on modulus ol elasticity In tension and hydrogen or farming gas, but difficult to obtain In
; practice.
;_ compression for Type 301 sheet, Fig. 3. 0625.
Zinc and lead particles must be remOed before beating
r 3.0626 Modulus of elasticity In compreaaioa for Type 301 full 4.045
to avoid embrittlement.
bard and extta bard sheer, Fig. 3. 0626.
3.0627 Effect <1 teat temperature on modulus <1 elasticity
In compression <1 45 percent and 60 percelll: reduced 4.05 Surface Treatment
sheet, Fig. 3.0627. 4.051 Cleanq. These steels exhibit maximum corrosion
3.063 Modulus of rigidity at RT, 12.5 x 1o3 1:&1, (50). resistance only wben thoroughly clean, as the corrosion
3.064 Tangent modulus reslatance depeoda on maintaining a thin dense fUm
3.0641 Tangent modulus curves In compression for Type 301 <1 cbromiuma>tlde. Both preventive measures aod remOal
sheet In various conditions, Pig. 3.0641. <1 aU foreign matter from the surfaces by conventional
cleanlng methods prior to any beating are particularly
3.0642 Tangent modulus curves for 60 percent cold reduced
sheet for various exposure times and temperatures, Important.
4.052 Deacallng Ia generally doae In solution ol nitric and
Fig. 3. 0642.
b)'llrolluoric acids. Molten caustic soda baths are also
4. FABRICATION widely used for deacaling. For remOing beavy scale,
sand or vapor blasting should precede picl:ling.
4. 01 Formablilty
4.011 General. Although Types 301 and 302 In annealed coodltlaa
poaaeaa a tenslle strength relatively hlgb compared to
that <1 other ductlle metals, they are readlly formable
because ol. their low yield streugth. ln fact, the hlgb

CODE 1301
PAGE 5
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965

280 8
Fe Fe18C<8NI Fe-1 ~r-8NI(TYPE 301)

18
8
Cr
Ni
240
SHEET

8
\ 0,060 IN SHEET
EXTRA HARD CR

TYPE 301 200 7

1\
TYPE 302

u;
~
160 240

c
~6
z
\\
a:
:::> ~
t 120 200 560

""'
80 160

120 ~
u;
480

400
"' ~
..I'--
r---.
400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
~ TEMP- F
"' FIG. 1.064 EFFECT OF LOW TESf TEMPERATURE ON
80
e 301
{ 0.13C-17 .1Cr-6.4NI HARDNESS OF EXTRA HARD COLD ROLLED
.a. 0.10C-17.7C r-6.9NI SHEET (32, p. 50)
301} O.IJC-J7.6C
"7
301 r-6.9NI
0 302 O.IIC19.0C r9.0NI 40
56
0 304 0.08C-J9.1C r9.2N1
l> 305 0.06CJ6.6C r-li.ON1 FeJ8Cr-8NI( TYPE 301)

- \
67% CR
0
~ 52 ~ 1-...

,...,,_ ..
\
44 0
AGED FOR 8 HR
2CO
1'-
400 600 800 1000 1200
AGING TEMP - F
REDUCTION - PERCENT FIG. 1.065 EFFECTOFA GINGTEMPE RATUREON HARDNESS OF
FIG. 1.061 EFFECT OF ROLLI!IXJ REDUCTION 67 PERCENT COLD ROLLED SHEET (43, p. 125)
AND COMPOSITION ON TENSILE PROPER
TIES OF 300 SERIES SfEELS (II) 8
Fe1'8Cr-8NI (TYPE 301)
0,012 IN SHEET
1/2 HARD
80
z

'
'!!

2
,__
.\ v-...
4 1\ I
56
HYDROGEN ENVIROIINENT
4 HR AT TEMP SHOWN
RTHARDNESS
\l
400 800 1200 !600 2000 2400
TEMPF
FIG. 1.066 EFFECT OF HYDROGEN ENVIROIINENT
AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE ON
SURFACE HARDNESS OF HALF HARD
SHEET (29, p. 12)

CODE 1301
PAGE 6
 REV I SED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS Fe A

u:: Fe-18Cr-8Nl / Fe

v
!- 48
u.
g 12~----4------+--~~~~~+------+--~ 18 Cr
a:
:5. 44
8 Ni
a:
!-
u.
fe
;:, 1/
/' TYPE 301
TYPE 302
!;;

FIG. 2,013
4L-----~----~----~----~----~~
-400 0 400

TIIERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
800
TEMP- F
1200

(14, p. 20)(21, p. 11-D-2)

1600

/
/I
v
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY

Fe-18Cr-8NI(TYPE 301) 32 /;
I
- - TYPES 301, 302, ANN (12)
u. - - - TYPE 301, EXTRA HARD (CR
65\\i) + 750F, 8 HR, (II)
~ 10~----+------+--~~~----,_-----+--,
28
2S 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
a:
fe TEMP- F
2S FIG. 2,022 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY
i' MEAN COEF LINEAR (11)(12, p. 6-1-1.2)
5: TIIERMAL EXPANSION
FROM R TO TEMP INDICATED
6
-400 0 400 800 1200 1600
TEMP- F
FIG. 2,014 TIIERMAL EXPANSION (14)

Fe-18Cr-8NI(TYPE 301)
0.16 ANN
v
/
v --
0.14

.... - u::
"'
::l. 0.12 /_

/
a: 240
til rF~.--~18~C~r.~8~NI~--.-----.-----~~
"';:,!- SHEET
"' 0,10

0.08
I SPECIFII HEAT

-400 0 400 800 1200 1600

TEMP- F
FIG. 2,015 SPECIFIC HEAT (14, p. 20)
0,22 Fe-18Cr-8NI(TYPE e 301, 17.6Cr7,8NI
301) 1-#-f--------+ 0 302, 18.4Cr-9.0NI
ANN

0.20
v 1-- 304, 19.0Cr-10, 7NI
308, 17.9Cr-Il. 7Ni
Y 310, 24,3Cr-20. 7NI

a:
:c
a: / PERMEABILITY
ATH=200
--
v
til OERSTEDS
L
"'
!-
u.
0.18
101-----+
0' DIFFUSIVITY
"' / I
0.16
- I
-400 0 400 800 1200 1600 REDUCTION- PERCENT
TEMP- F FIG, 2.023 EFFECT OF COMPOSITION AND REDUCTION
FIG. 2.016 DIFFUSIVITY ON MAGNETIC PERMEABILITY AND TENSILE
(14, p. 20) STRENGTII OF 300 SERlE~ SHEET (22)

CODE 1301
PAGE 7
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965

0.8
Fe Fe18Cr-8NI(TYPE 301)
0
.c ::;; 12
18 Cr
0.6 ~ ..-t> "'
Ill
8 Ni "'
~
~

L----...JIZ I lo-- ::;;

TYPE 301~o.
0 eAS RECEIVED
.A & CLEAN AND
/}_ Ill
8
EXPOSURE

302~
0 24 HR
~_.,...
TYPE
SMOOil!
0 POL SHED
~
""
Ill<
o"'
e 72HR
<Z
0.2
:::- :!/'" o:O
lllfii
4
>o
<a:
p6c FIRST HEATIJIG ~
je& REPEATED HEATIJIG AND COOLIJIG u 0
400 600 800 1000 1200
0
-400 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 EXPOSURETEM PF
TEMP F FIG. 2.0312 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TEMPERATURE
FIG. 2.024 EMISSIVITY (40, p. 12) AND TIME ON AVERAGE CORROSION RATE
IN BOILING NITRIC ACID OF COLD ROLLED
SHEET (18)

Fe18Cr-8NI(TYPE 301)
~STRIP / - - - L,
--L,
TENSION
COMPRESSION

V~L}
--T, TENSION
// - -T, COMPRESSION
/
--; --4., r/"
,
/.
I~)
'/ I k' ,/"
_L.h" IL/ L
;//
I'
tl / t}/
/.1'
~~~
/ ~y

/i
;/ v ,f'/ .11
I,
/f
/
v
/~,. ""
./f' I~t ;'/
I h
,/
'
/
f}
("/L v
J
r
; v I~ v A.v
I I /! I I
r--
I
v FULL HARD
1
r-o.oo2-j
1)/4H v/2H v./4H /ANN
j
STRAIN IN PER IN
FIG. 3.02111 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES FOR SHEET AND STRIP COLD ROLLED TO DIFFEREIIIT TEMPER
(20)

CODE 1301
PAGE 8
 REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS FeA

Fe-18Cr8NI(TYPE llol)
280 SHEET Fe
STRESS RELIEF, 2 HR
6Q%RED 18 Cr
2~r-----t-----~~----~~--~~~
---L, TENSION
Fro
..... ~ -....,

--
--L, C<NPRBSSION
8 Ni
"'TY
~
v-" TYPE 301
200
10 TYPE 302
ffi .___
-
e(21N)

~ 0 0 200 600 800

STRESS RELIEF TI!MP - F
FIG. 3.0213 EFFECT OF STRESS RELIEF
TI!MPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF 60 PERCENT
REDUCED SHEET (28, p. 4, 5)
280
Fe-rscr 0~~~~~m
BXTRA FULLY HARD
~11x, RED lil
2~:.:
-...
!-
--
Fro

0.008
200
STRAIN - IN PER IN _..,/'
FIG. 3.02112 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES FOR SHEET AN>

,.
STRIP COLD ROLLED TO FULL HARD AND
FTY EXPOSURE TEMP 24 HR
BXTRA HARD TEMPERS (11)
e 600F
160 ............ .A. 900F I
CYCLIC !;rdESS EXI'ObaE
~ 10 IS MIN AT STRESS
e IS tiN UNSTRESSED FOR 24 HR
tl

~ .,. TESTED AT RT

'._, 0 0 ~ 80 120 160 200

EXPOSURE STRESS-KSI
FIG. 3. 0214 EFFECT OF CYCLIC EXPOSURE STRESSON
RO<N TI!MPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF 60 PERCENT REDUCED SHEET EXPOSED
AT 600F AND 9001' (27)
2~
Fel8Cr8NI(TYPE 301)
0.060 IN SHEET
BXTRA HARD CR
200 ... Fro

lil
:.:

1~
' f'.--... FTY
...
RA

~
r
~
EXPOSED AT TI!MP INDICATED
----.
30MIN
TESTEDATRT
~ 0

"'
u
a:
8:!
20

0
.... e(21N)
-
60 80 400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
REDUCTION- PERCENT TI!MP- F
FIG. 3.0212 EFFECT OF COLD REDUCTION ON FIG. 3.0215 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AT LOW TI!MPER-
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET ATURE ON RO<N TI!MPERATURE TENSILE
(28, p. 4,5) PROPERTIES 01' EXTRA HARD COLD ROLLED
SHEET (32, p. 26)

CODE 1301
PAGE 9
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEOMARCHI965

Fel8Cr-8 Nl(TYPE 301)

Fe 240 0.063 IN SHEET
18 Cr eL J

OT
\

8 Ni 200

TYPE 301
TYPE .302:n 160
..: FTU
)../ 60

~~~H
/
120

. r = 0.001
80
0 20 40 60 80
REDUCTION - PERCENT
FIG. 3.02711 EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING AND
TEST DIRECTION ON NOTCH STRENG1 li
OF SHEET (NASA 1958)
Fel8Cr8 NI(TI'PE 301)
240 0.060 IN SHEET
NOTCH STRENG 1li
.... EXTRA HARD CR
I 200~--------~----~----~--
.... Fe-18Cr8 Ni(TYPE 301) --~

200
FTU
I 0.020 IN SHEET TEST TEMP

-----~- ~
FULL HARD

160

120
EXPOSED AT TEMP INDICATED
30MIN
TErED AT r I
.l-

I' 040
160 (40% RED

AVO OF L, T

400 300 -200 -100 0 100

TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 02712 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AT LOW TEMPERATURE
ON ROOM TEMPERATURE NOTCH STRENG1 li OF
EXTRA HARD COLD ROLLED SHEET (32, p. 27)
J60

v
FeI8Cr8 Nl(TYPE .101)
6()% CR

320 -.;;;;::: ./ ~ 200 0.032 IN HEET

FULL HARD
-.....: STRESS RELIEF
~ 800F, 8 HR
280 t-- 160
""'
iii 240
~~ ........-'
[>.~
..: ~ -~-- 423F RT

<'--- 0 FTU
6 FTY
240 0 NOTCH
S RENGTH
?' r'--- K1 = 6.3

200

160
0 15 30 45
ANGLE FROM ROLLING DIRECTI ON DEGREES
60
--
~
~

75
-
90
FIG. 3.03111
0.002 0.004 0.006
STRAIN - IN PER IN
TENSION

0.008

STRESS-STRAIN CURVES FOR TYPE 301

0.010

FIG. 3.02713 EFFECT OF ROLLING DIRECTI ON AI\(;LE ON TENSILE FULL HARD AND FULL HARD STRESS
PROPERTIES AND NOKll STRENG 1li OF 60 PERCENT RELIEVED SHEET AT ROOM AND ELE
COLD REDUCED SHEET (48, p. 55) VA TED TEMPERATURES (11)

CODE 1301
PAGE 10

' ,.
 REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe A

'
~ 280r-----~----~-----r----~
Fel8Cr8NI(TYPE 301)
RT
320
Fel8Cr8NI(TYPE 301) TEST Fe
~ l.J 050 IN SHEET 0.020 IN SHEET TEMP
O%CR EXTRA HARD (65% RED) 18 Cr
RT
240
8 Ni
AVG OF L,T

160
TYPE 301
TYPE 302

!il 0
:.:
240
EXTRA HARD
STRESS RELIEF
750F, 8 HR
!60

IOOOF
TENSION 80

0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016 TENSION

STRAIN IN PER IN
0, 004 0, 006 0. 008 1 0, 010
FIG. ;;, 03112 STRESS STRAIN CURVES IN TENSION
STRAIN IN PER IN
FOR VARIOUS TEMPERATURES AND
EXPOSURE TIMES FOR 60 PERCENT FIG. 3. 03!14 STRESS STRAIN CURVES FOR TYPE 301 EXTRA
COLD REDUCED SHEET HARD AND EXTRA HARD STRESS RELIEVED
(38, p. 354-357) SHEET AT ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPER
ATURES (11)

28
Fel8Cr8NI(TYPE 01)
0.060 IN SHEET
EXTRA HARD CR 420F

320F
200
FeI8Cr8NI(TYPE 301)
llOF 320 0.063 IN SHEET
RT
160

!il
:.:
120

80

80

40
~
TENSION Ul
t)
a:
Ul
0..
0
0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016 0 20 40 60 80
STRAININ PER IN REDUCTION BY ROLLING PERCENT
FIG. 3.03113 STRESS STRAIN CURVES IN TENSION FIG. 3.03121 EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING ON
AT LOW TEMPERATURES OF EXTRA TENSILE PROPERTIES OF TYPE
HARD COLD ROLLED SHEET 301 SHEET AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
(32, p. 41) AND 320F (18)

CODE 130i
PAGE II
 -._....,. ..... ...., ,...._._VI 'tlJ

Fe-18Cr-8NI( TYPE 301) 400

Fe 0.100 IN SHEET
BEFORE RED L
18 Cr
320
8 Ni
u;
TYPE 301 240~
TYPE 302 ~

160
"'

so

20 60 80
--------r----.----,.-=~:-1480
REDUCTION - PERCENT Fe-18Cr-8Ni( TYPE 301)
FIG. 3.03!22 SHEET
EFFECT OF PERCENT REDUCTION R
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET e 20\1\
TESTED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE 1--4..--- -1-----1 A 40\1\
AND -423F (24) 60%
70\1\
7

-400 -300 -200 -100 0

TEMP- F
FIG. 3.03123 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE AND PERCENT
COLD REDUCTION ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
SHEET (34, p. 16)

CODE 1301
PAGE 12

~
r:. 1
 ~eA
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS

400 Fe-18Cr-8 301)

Re-18Cr-BNI(TYPE 302)
Fe
() 0.100 IN SHEET
BEFORE RIID
1 - - - t - - - t - 0.100 lN SHEET 400
18 Cr

--r--..
320
L 8 Ni
L
1----+-..--~':lf=--+--=--t 320 iii .__ _ ___,
r-- ~
l;l
w
240

.a.
FTU- il- -r-. 1-:-...---1-----,H---t---1 240 ~ TYPE 302
:..: TYPE 301

160
..
TEST TEMP RIID
80 RT -32
320

.a.
0
A
10
25
0 40
~

v 60
240 0 70
~
160 ~ r--
~ 0
~
~
FTY--
,.,
80 250
ROLI..IKl TEMP -F
~40

-=: /~
...... e(2 IN) FIG. 3.03126 EFFECT OF ROLL~ TEMPERA'IURE
"'0 ON TENSILE PROPERTIES AT Road
~ 0
TEMPERA'lURE AND -423F OF 65
PERCENT RI!DUCIID SHEET (24)
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
ROLLI~ TEMP - F
FIG. 3. 03124 EFFECT OF LOW ROLLI~ TEMPERATURE
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPER-
ATURE AND -320F OF REDtx:ED SHEET (24)

400
Fe-18Cr-BNI(TYPE 301)
0.100 IN SHEET Fe-18Cr-8NI(TYPE 301)
BEFORE 10% RIID
1-~.:-t---+--+---t- 0,040 IN SHEET 160
320 1/2 HARD lil
0..
r-- ~ ..._ L :00:
0

240
lil
:00:
...t--
..
:
160

80
e R'r
:--
FTY

- r-
- -
-r--.
!= iiOLDIIIO TIME
80 ADO 10 SEC
eo.s HR
+....:..:~+--+-_.:;~~::_.;2""ib

STRAIN RATE, IN/IN/MIN

0 -423F 6A 0.003
40 oo.06
~ --- 401--o-~60~--~--~----t----tr----1
.... b---~ -o e
0
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
ROI..I..I~ TEMP - F 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

FIG. 3.03125 EFFECT OF I..OW ROLLI(IO TEMPERATURE TEMP-F

ON TENSILE PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEM- FIG, 3,03131 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE, STRAIN RATE AND
PERATURE AND -423F OF 10 PERCENT HOLD!~ TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES 01' TYPE 301
R IIDUC liD SH BET (24) 1/2 HARD SHEET (17)

CODE 1301
PAGE Ill
 FERROUS ALL OYS REVISED MARCH 1965

Fe
18 Cr
8 Ni

TYPE 301 rn
--~?.~--+----~----_,--,1~~
TYPE 302
t
80

F1C. 3.03!32 EFFEC T OF TEST TEMPE RATUR E, STRAIN Fe-1 Cr-SNJ( TYPE 301)
RATE
AND HOLDJN:; TIME ON TENSIL E PROPER 1-""" ':---+ ------ t----- -1---- -+-0.
TIES OF 050 IN SHEET
TYPE 301 3/4 HARD SHEET
(17) STRESS RELIEF 240
800F, 2 HR
4591\ RED

80
STRAIN RATE
e 0 0.30.4 IN/IN/S EC
A 1>. .4 x 10"5.5 x uj-5 IN/IN/S EC
120
HOLDIN:i TIME ~~--~--~~~~
e A 10 SEC
Ot>. 100 SEC
so t-----1-

~10 ~~~----~--~--~r---
~-- ~
"'u
~
~----~200~--~~~--~6~00~--~a=oo~--~~ooo~-
0 o
-1~200
TEMP F
FIC. 3. 03133 EFFEC T OF TEST TEMPERA'IUR E, STRAIN
RATE
AND HOLDI!IK; TIME ON TENSILE PROPER
TIF.S OF
45 PERCE NT REDUCED SHEET (28, p, 9)

CODE 1301
PAGE 14

..,_:
 REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS

~--r---~----~---~----~-----,3W
Fe-18Cr-8NI(TYPE 301)
0,0381N SHEET
Fe
STRESS RELIEF
18 Cr
~~~~--+---4---~-- ~F. 2HR 2 w
6911', RED
8 Ni
L

320 TYPE 3C
TYPE 30
-i-~~~~-t----;200
Iii
I ~

-~+--'~~.. 160 11.i:

80

STRAIN RATE
e 0 0.3-0.4 IN/IN/SEC
120 .A. t. 5 x 10"5 7 x 1Q5 IN/IN/SEC +---+-'r--'lrl 40
HOLDING TIME
e A 10 SEC
0 t. 100 SEC

40

!ZIll 10
u 280
"'Ill
""
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMP-F
FIG. 3.03!~4 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE,STRAIN RATE AND
HOLDING TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 60 :::>
PERCENT REDUCED SHEET (28, p. 9) 200 1---+---+---t--~M\\..l~--J 160 tf

i:
11.
160

IW 80

1.
80

e(2 IN)

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.03!35 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND
EXPOSURE TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF 60 PERCENT COLD REDUCED SHEET
(38, p. 130-133)

CODE 1301
PAGE 15
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965

Fe 0.025 IN SHEET
18 Cr CR61J%

8 Ni
TYPE 301 200

TYPE 302

.
li!
:.: 160

i'::
"' 120
20

~
0 10

...gj
0 200 800
TEMPF
FIG. 3.03136 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND PRIOR
EXPOSURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 34 200 400
PERCENT COLD REDUCED SHEET (45, p. 87)
TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 03138 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND PRIOR
EXPOSURE ON TENSILE PROPERTII!S OF 60
PERCENT COLD REDUCED SHEET (45, p. 87)
Fe-18Cr8Nl(TYPE 301)
0.025 IN SHEET
51\f,CR 300
PRIOR EXPOSURE

Fe-18Cr-8NI(TY; ~ 301)
0.020 TO 0.0621N SHEET 200
FULL HARD

200
280

Iii
:.:
Iii
~ 24o
160 r---.1....---.3~---1 120 ':::.
160
i:
Lr:~~
li!
:.:
"' i'::
120 80 ..;-

L~
200

20
"' e T AS ROLLED, 40';\j
OL
6 T + BOOF, 8 HR
80
o. 0 1000
~
0 10
o 40 1000

gj
... e(1.5lN)
~
Ill
0 0

oW~~ ~~~
-200
a:
0 200 400 600 800 le
TEMP- F 0 200 . 400 600 800 1000 1200
FIG. 3.03137 EFFECT OF TEST TBMPI!RATURE AND TEMPF
PRIOR EXPOSURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES FIG. 3, 03141 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE, TEST DIRECTION
OF 51 PERCENT COLD REDUCED SHEET AM> STRESS RELIEF ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
(45, p. 87) TYPE 301 FULL HARD SHEET (11)

CODE 1301
PAGE 16
 R:ZVISED MARCH 196!5 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe A

Fe
18 Cr
8 Ni

TYPE 301
280 TYPE 302

240

200

.i:
u;
:.:

~I "' 160

120 40
... ~ AS ROLLED, 65%
0
6 ~}+750F, BHR
80

40

20
Fe-18Cr-8Nl(TYPE 301) 360
0. 063 IN SHBET
... ~
CR6a.t
600 800 1000 1200 320
"320F "\
TEMP F I TESTTBMP
FIG. 3. 03142 EFFECT OF TEST TBMPERA'IURB, TEST DIRECTION
AND STRESS RELIEF ON TBNSlLB PROPERTIES OF \........_ 2~
.
TYPE 301 EXTRA HARD SHBET (11)
RT ~
...i:!
~
rTL'
-""' 240

240
..- ..--
\. F'T\' -320F ""
200

~L
In 200 -L~ ---r-----
RT~ --......._
160
:.: / ... -3~?

i: ~ e RT

"' 160
24 TO 72 HR AT STRESS RELIEF TmJ~
.,.
:;

~
Cl
0
gj
20

.. e(2 IN)
320F

RT
--- _..../
/'

"" 0
0 200 .II)() 600 800 1000
STRESS RBLIBF TEMP F
FIG. 3.03143 EFFECT OF STRI!.'iS RBLIBF AMl TEST TBMPBR
A'lURE ONTBNSILE PROPERTIES OF COLD ROLLED
SHEET (18)

CODE 1301
PAGE 17
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965

Fe 160
18 Cr
8 Ni
120 ~
0

TYPE 301 ~
!i! 1%.
TYPE 302 ~ 80

1%.
i:
40

e(2IN)

600 800 1000 1200 1400

TEMP- F
FIG. 3.03!51 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF TYPE 301 1/2 HARD SHEET (Ill

Fe-18Cr-8Nl (fvPE 302)

240
r---,.---,.--=-'1.::--:::::~:::::-=:-1 240
Fe- 8Cr-8NI(TYPE 301)
0.040 IN SHEE
EXTRA FULLY HARD
60% RED 200
240
' I~ ['...
3/4 IN BA_lt.
MILL ANN

200

'
FTU
l:il

~
~
0

160 ~ t--
'
1%.
I "'
"" v---
i:
~
1%.
160 1---t-----j-- 120 120

~-
STRAIN RATE
0.004 IN/IN/MIN
120 RA
10 r.ao
~ z
....-!--
I

"'a:tJ "'
tJ e(1 IN)
L--
ffi
"'... 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000
""40
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMP- F
TEMP- F
FIG. J. 03!52 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON
FIG. J.OJJ61 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 60 PERCENT
REDUCED SHEET PROPERTIES OF ANNEALED BAR (33 0 p. 7)
(26)

CODE 1301
PAGE 18
 FeA
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS

320 Fe18Cr8NI(T'IPE 301)

~ 0, 020 IN SHEET Fe

""
3/4 HARD (40% RED)
18 Cr
280

~ FTU L 8 Ni

TYPE 301
""'" ~ :w:
~TYPE 302

200 - . ........__ --+-~~-+-----l'-----"'<;j------j 240 "'

ri.
~ r-... FTY
_.....
160

}.
20
.. ~ e(2 IN)
160

-300 -200 100 0 100

TEMP F
FIG. 3. 03162 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURE ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF PERCENT 40
REDUCED SHEET (31, p. 20)

-300 -200 100 0 100

TEMP F
FIG. 3. 03164 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURE ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 40
PERCENT AND
60 PERCENT REDUCED SHEET (31, p. 24)

360~-T----~~----r-~Fe~-~l~r~-8~M~(~~PE~3~0~1)~
0,016 IN SHEET
PULL HARD (50% RED)

~2ro~-+-----+~~-+-----+-----+-----i
:w: lil
:.:240~-+--~~---~~~~*

~20 160
20 1--1---..1 --o::::-- -+---t---- -i
Ill
1il
~
u
~ oL-~----~~----L-----~----~----~ ""~ ol!~~--~-3~00~----~200~----~1~00~-~o~--~1~00
-400 -300 -200 100 0 100
TEMPF TEMP F
FIG. 3.03163 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERJtTURE ON FIG. 3.03165 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 50 PERCENT PROPERTIES OF 60 PERCENT COLD REDUCED
REDUCED SHEET (31, p. 20) SHEET (36, p. 168, 169)

,
i CODE 1301
... .... PAGE 19
reA
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965

360
Fe
Fe-18C r8Ni(T YPB 302) 400 .............
18 Cr SHBBT
320 70%CR
8 Ni
TYPE 301 280 ~
TYPE 302
~
:.: 1...\..:=..~~,_.!:~+------l 320 ~

240 t
200
!2280
240

160 ~
"' 240 L T
0
~2G
0 200
A

mo ~
lXI
5
u 0
a:
TBMP F ...
lXI

FIG. 3. 03166 BFFEC T OF LOW TBST TBMPBRATURB AND -400200 0 200

TiiiCKNI!SS ON TBNSJLJ! PROPI!Rni!S OF 60 TBMP F
PBRCBNT RI!DUCJ!D SHJ!BT (31, p. 21, 22,
23) FIG. 3.03168 BFFEC T OF LOW TI!ST TBM
PBRATURE AND MELT METHOD
ON TI!NSILJ! PROPERTIES OF 70
PERCJ!NT RI!DUCED SHEBT (23)

' ,

50
Fel8Cr 8NI(T YPB 301)
~ 0. 063 IN SHI!ET
:.:
ANN
240 ~~-----i-----

400F

~ b:"".
600F
30
~II

f
'-sooF
IOOOF
160
20

I
40

~0
10
...ffi
II
20

10
-400 300 -200 -100 0 100
i ~OMPRiiON
0.002 0.004 0.006
TEMP - F 0.008 0.010
FIG. 3.031~7
STRAIN IN PBR IN
J!FFEC T OF LOW TI!MPBRATURB ON TBNSIU
! FIG. 3. 03211 STRI!SSSTRAIN CURVES IN COMPR I!S510N
PROPBRTIJ!S OF EXTRA HARD COLD ROLLE
D FOR TYPJ! 301 ANNBALED SHBBT AT
Slii!BT (32, p. 26)
J!LBVATED TI!MPBRATURES (19, p.S7)

CODE 1301
PAGE '., :,..~
20
 REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS r-eA

Fe
160
18 Cr
8 Ni
80

TYPE 301
0
240 TYPE 302
lil
:.:

160

80

0.002 0.004 0.008 0.010 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010

STRAIN - IN PER IN
FIG. 3.03212 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES IN COMPRESSION FOR TYPE 301 FULL HARD AND FULL HARD
STRESS RELIEVED SHEET AT ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES {11)

,.,
2~~~~~~~ ~~----~----~~~~~--
EXTRA HARD
r----T----~--~
Fe-J8Cr-8Ni(TYPE
0.020 IN SHEET STRESS RELIEV
EXTRA HARD 750F, 8 HR

0.004 0.006 0.004 0.006 0.010

STRAIN - IN PER IN
FIG. 3. 03213 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES IN COMPRESSION FOR TYPE 301 EXTRA HARD AND EXTRA HARD STRESS
RELIEVED SHEET AT ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (11)

CODE 1301
PAGE 21
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965

60 Fe-18Cr-8Ni( TYPE
301)
Fe 0. 063 IN SHEET
ANN
18 Cr
8 Ni F
CY
TYPE 301 20
0 200 400 600 800 1000
!il 160
:.:
TYPE 302
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0322 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATU RE ON EXPOSURE
COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH OF 120
TYPE 301 ANNEALED SHEET o.s}
A 10
(19, p. 28) 100 HR
1000
80
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEMP- F
I
FIG. 3.0325 ,EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND EXPOSURE
',!'~ME ON COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH OF
60 PERCENT COLD REDUCED SHEET
160
Fe-18Cr-8Nl( TYPE 301 (38, p. 140-142)
0. 052 IN SHEE1
1/2 HAR[
120
o-..,
---..,
~
Fey
80

0
L
T i
40
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEMP-F
FIG. 3.0323 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATU RE AND
TEST DIRECTION ON COMPRESSIVE YIELD
STRENGTH OF TYPE 301 1/2 HARD SHEET
(II)

e 0.038 IN SHEET
60% RED, FTY = 237 KSI
A 0.050 IN SHEET=
190 KSI
80 45% RED, FTY +---+--~~--;

40 ~o----~------~----~600~----800~----1-000L
-----12~00 TEMP- F
TEMP- F FIG. 3.0326 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE, TEST
FIG. 3.0324 DIRECTION AND STRESS RELIEF ON COM-
EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON COMPRESSIVE
PRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH OF TYPE 301
YIELD STRENGTH OF 45 PERCENT AND 60 PERCENT
FULL HARD AND EXTRA HARD SHEET
REDUCED SHEET (28, p. 10)
(II)

CODE 1301
PAGE 22
 REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS FeA

Fe-1 Cr-8Ni
SHEET Fe
18 Cr

80
8 Ni

TYPE 301
iii 60
TYPE 302
" ' .... ....
TYPE'
40 302 ANN
e (IS)
---:}<12)
20
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0351 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON SHEAR STREfll:iTH
OF TYPES 301 AND 302 (12, Fig. 90)(15, p. 24, Fig. 20)

100
...._ Fe18Cr-8Ni (Type 301)
O.. OSO IN SHEET
iii
"::J
r--... 6Q'X,CR
80
Fsu
~----~~::~====~~=---~----~ 160~
~~
60

iii
" 40 ~~ 80

.,. ~r
20
10
100
HR
ae 0.06IIN}
O. 183 IN TYPE 301, l/2 HARD (19)

0
ZO.:JO 40 Olo. 063 It-; {TYPE 301, 1/2 HARD ( S)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
l:f TYPE 302, ANN 1

TEMP- F 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

FIG. 3.0352 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND TEMP- F
EXPOSURE TIME ON SHEAR STREfll:iTH OF FIG. 3.0361 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON BEAR!fll:i
60 PERCEI'lT COLD REDUCED SHEET PROPERTIES OF TYPES 301 AND 302 SHEET
(38, p. 149- iSI) (15, p. 23)(1~. p. 26)

CODE 1301
PAGE 23
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965

Fe Fe-18Cr-8Nl(TYPE 301)
0.100 IN SHEET
18 Cr BEFORE RED
11,\\RED
8 Ni t--. L
1--.
TYPE 301 1---. 1--
480 L_---+--+~i::"'"""~tt----r20 iil 240

TYPE 302 ~
~
~ r:----

reB.- --
'
::>
a:
---<t-"'NN~rtz4C tE
r- RT -423F ~~
60. 80 t- ~ o. - 0 NOTCH
STRENG1ll
r = 0.0025 - - - - - Fru
-400 -300 -200 -100 u 100
ROLLI!'~; TEMP - F
e/D EXPOSURE FIG. 3.037112 EFFECT OF LOW ROLLING TEMPERA1URE
2.0 1.5

160

A

0
b
0
0.5}
10
100
HR
ON NOTCH STRENG1ll AT ROOM TEMPERA1URE
AND -423F OF 10 PERCENT REDUCED SHEET
(24)
... v 1000

80 0 200 600 800 1000

TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0362 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERA1URE AND
EXPOSURE TIME ON BEARING PROPERTIES
OF 60 PERCENT COLD REDUCED SHEET
(38, p. 143-148)

240
. ...
Fe-18Cr-8NI(TYPE 301)
SHEET

r--
200
..,?. ~

:: tr ~
lil 160

~ z v~ 1---
~ t-

:er
'"::!
;..-
120 1::=

iT.B..EM:rn
- -
80 r-
o. 70 1..
1:
:
0
641J%
060%
~
20% 0.063
0.063
0.063
v 70% 0,063

4C
r=0.0007L+ <>m 0 031 .
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
ROLLING TEMP - F
TEMP-.F
FIG. 3.037111 EFFECT OF ROLLING TEMPERA1URE
ON OOTCH STRENG1ll AT P.OOM FIG. 3. 037113 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERA1URE AND PERCENT
TEMPERA1URE AND -423F OF 65 COLD REDUCTION ON NOTCH STRENGTH OF
PERCENT REDUCED SHE.ET (24) SHEET (34, p. 16)

CODE 1301
PAGE 24
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS

280 --r---.
r--r--,.,.,...---r---r-Fe-18Cr-8Ni ~~~~~=-~~----~
Fe-18Cr-8Nl(TYPE 301)
0.100 IN SHEET
Fe
SHEET L
BEFORE RED
18 Cr
8 Ni

TYPE 301
TYPE 302

160 1--f.TY=P;;rE;-:3;;;0:-:-1-I---+---+-- _::""":----1

e 42i!,GI(
Al60% CR DIFF HEA1 80 RT -423F
120 J78'Xo CR e 0 .NOTCH STRENGTH
TYPE302
0
~ 1.2
0 40% CR -+----1-. "'~ I _ _ ____.
- - - ---FTU

a: 6 60% CR
80
i5
~ REDUCTION - PERCENT
~ 0.8 FIG. 3.037116 EFFECT OF REDUCTION ON
NOTCH STRENGTH OF SHEET
:I: TESTED AT ROOM TEMPERATIJRE
~ O. 4 w~=--_-31-00----2.J00_____1.J.OO_ _ _OL--....:1.JOO AND 423F (24)

TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 037114 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH
STRENGTH OF VARIOUS PERCENT REDUCED
SHEET (25)

NOTCH
STRE~TH
2401---+- FTU .

160 1---+----+--
so
REDUCTION - PERCENT TEMP- F
FIG. 3.037115 EFFECT OF REDUCTION ON
FIG. 3.037121 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATIJRE AND PRIOR
NOTCH STREo'-CTh' OF SHJiET
TESTED AT ROOM TF.l.1P"-i1- EXPOSURE ON NOTCH PROPERTIES OF 60
ATURE AND -320F (24) PERCENT COLD REDUCED SHEET (45, p. 87)

CODE 1301
PAGE 25
l"'eA
FERR OUS ALLO YS REVISED MARCH 1965

360
Fe Fe18Cr-8 Ni(TYPE 301)
0.062 IN SHEET
18 Cr EXTRA HARD CR
320
8 Ni
LOADIIl RATE

TYPE 301 280

o.oo5}
.ol. 0. 050
IN/MIN
til 1.0
:.::
TYPE 302 ., 8.0

...
~

"- 240
280
til
:.::

240
til
:.::
200
80 240

..__R_T_. .ji_._ _...l.._ _-I.._ _ _.:.;N:.:::O:.:.T.::CH:.:..;;ST.:..:..:.R:::EIl~TH::.:.:

160 J
I 3 5 7 11 13
TEMP F
STRESS CO~ENTRATION FACTOR - K
FIG. 3.037122 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERA TURE AND 1
EXPOSURE TIME ON NOTCH STRE~TH OF FIG. 3.0J7i24 EFFECT OF STRESS CONCENT RATION FACTOR,
60 PERCENT COLD REDUCED SHEET TEMPERA TURE AND LOADJIl RATE ON NOTCH
(38, p.134-136 ) STREIJT H OF EXTRA HARD COLD ROLLED SHEET
(44, p. 8)

200

til
160
1000
1000 e
OT
L} RT } NOTCH
:.::
280
.ol. L}
T
320F
STREIJT H

120

~', ,,
'
80

o.oo 7
'
i= 1.2
~
til
0:0
li;r::
0.8
:C<
a:
120

0 200 400 600 800 0 1000 1200

TEMPF STRESS RELIEF TEMf (24 TO 72 HR)F
FIG. 3.037123 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERA TURE AND PRIOR
FIG. 3.037131 EFFECT OF STRESS RELIEF AND LOW TEST TEMPER
EXPOSURE ON NOTCH PROPERTI ES OF 34
ATURE 0:'-1 NOTCH STREIlTH OF TYPE 301 SHEET
PERCENT COLD REDUCED SHEET (45, p. 87)
(18)

CODE 1301
PAGE 26
 Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROU S ALLOYS

\ .... , ....- ' 360

200 Fe-18Cr-8N1 (Type 301) Fe
0,025 IN SHEET
60% CR 18 Cr
320
!60 ---L 8 Ni

36,, 280 ~ TYPE 301

!20
~TYPE 302
...
320 240
0 200 400 600
TEMP- F
u; 2HO 200
FIG. 3.037141 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATIJRE
ON NET FRACTURE STRESS OF FULL
HARD SHEET (30, p. 66)
"
i=
li
til 240
a:
Iii
:c
200

160

120
-400 -300 -200 -!00 0 !00
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.037151 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURE ON
NOTCH STRENGTH OF 60 PERCENT COLD
REDUCED SHEET (36, p. 170173)

240
Fc-18Cr-8N1(T YPE 301)
0. 025 IN SHEET

320 --- 'FTU

Fe-!8Cr-8Ni(T YPE 301)
0,060 IN SHEET
EXTRA HARD CR
'
'' I
' '
280

. _._
60' -
~
' N07H JRENGTH

=~
240 I--
NOTCH STRENGTH
'~~
' .....
L T .............
e 0 RT 200 I--
0.05 I ~ t;, -IIOF r=0,040
O. 4 3':-0--_.j4L...0__;_;_-:.~.50---6LO--....J70 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 !00

PERCENT COLD REDUCTION TEMP- F

FIG. 3.037142 EFFECT OF PERCENT COLD REt'UCTION FIG. 3.037152 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH
ON EDGE CRACKED PROPERTIES OF STRENGTH OF EXTRA HARD COLD ROLLED
SHEET AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND SHEET (32, p. 27)
IIOF (45, p. 87)

CODE 1301
PAGE 27
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED' MARCH 1965

Fe
360
18 Cr
8 Ni
320

TYPE 301
TYPE 302 200
li.l
:..:

240
200
.... _
NOTCH STRENG1ll

400 -300 200 -IOO 0 100

200
TEMPF
FIG. 3.037155 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERA 'JURE ON
160 NOTCH STRENGTH OF 40 PERCENT REDUCED
400 300 -200 100 SHEET (31, p. 20)
100
TEMPF
FIG. 3.037153 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERA'lURE ON
NOTCH STRENG1ll OF 40 PERCENT AND
60 PERCENT REDtx:EO TYPE 302 SHEET
(31, p. 24)

360

320 li.l
;.:

~
360
280 "'
-
320

200
li.l
;.:

i5 240
360 !t
Fe-18 r8NI E301) Ill 360
0.016 IN SHEET ~
' FULL HARD, 50% REO :::
320
320

li.l 280
:..:
~-
.
200
L

240
' '-, r0,0025
240

400 300 200 100 0 100 200

TEMPF
TEMP F
FIG. 3. 037154 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERA 'lURE ON PIG. 3.037156 EFFECT OP LOW TEST TEMPERA'JURE AND
NOTCH STREJIG1ll OF SO PERCENT
THICKNESS ON NOTCH STRENG1ll OF 60
REOtx:ED SHEET (31, p. 20) PERCENT REDUCED SHEET (31, p. 2123)

CODE 1301
PAGE 28
 REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS FeA

280
Fe
18 Cr
240
8 Ni

~ TYPE 301

em
320 200

iil TYPE 302

:.:
160
NOTCH LEJillTH APPROX 30';1\ W
e RT CRITICAL CRACK LE!Ill'lll
.... -32lll'
TELESCOPICALLY MEASURED
120
0 4 H 12 16 20
~ ~<r=6.3 SPECIMEN WID'I1i - IN
200 FIG. 3. 03721 EFFECT OF SPECIMEN WID'I1i ON FRACTURE

~
TOUGHNESS OF 60 PERCENT COLD REDUCED
SHEET AT ROOM TEMPERA"lURE AND -320F
r = 0.0025 (37. p. 156, 157)
160 l-....L.._ _.J...__ _L.,__--1
-400 -200 0 200
TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 037157 EFFECT OF LOW TEST
TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH
STREJillTH OF 70 PERCENT
REDUCED VACUUM MELT
SHEET (23)

320
Fe-18Cr-8Ni ("fype 301)
'\'1\_ 0.025 IN SHEET
60';1\CR
280 .'
I\\
\ ',,
240
, FTY

, --- --
"--.. . ',
', .....,
iil
:.l
200
.... ~"'-

---
L T
---FTY
--... .....
!60 0 Kc

__.
320
200

r~
-
FRACTtJi! E TOOOHNESS
~160
r~
u;
:.l Kc
280
A ./
/
v
240
~- K1c6.3
80
a....
-400
r---""0-1-"--
-300 -200
~
-100 0 100
r = 0.0025 TEMP F
200
-400 -200 0 200 FIG. 3.03722 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERA "lURE ON
TEMP- F FRACTURE TOOOHNESS OF 60 PERCENT
COLD REDUCED SHEET (37, p. 150,151)
FIG. 3.037158 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPER
ATURE ON NOTCH STRE!IllTH OF
7)PER.:r;;.rr REDUCED AIR MELT
A. Nolch length 1.22 0.03
B. Critical crack length 1.191o 2,02
SHEET (23)
Critical crack length lelescoplcally meaaureil

i
~ ,., CODE 1301
PAGE 29
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965

240
l'e-18Cr-8Ni (Type 301)
Fe 0.025 n; SHEET
60%CR
18 Cr
8 Ni

TYPE 301 ~
TYPE 302
liJ
:00:

120
ffiE FRACTUR:~OUGHNESS
NOTCH LE~TH e RT 10
CRITICAL CRACK LE~TH A 320F
TELESCOPlCALLY -423F liJ
:00: 8
rlll L.-"M.;;.;EA=SU=~E:::;D_ __.__ _....I.._ _.....J._ ___.
0 0.4 o.s 1.2 1.6 2.0 6
NOTCH LE~TH IN
TOTAL
FIC. 3. 03723 EFFECT OF NOTCH LE~TH ON FRACTURE 4
STRAIN
TOUGHNESS OF 60 PERCENT COLD REDUCED
SHEET AT ROOM TEMPERATURE, -320F AND 2%
423F (37, p. 159161)
0 3%
'<7 5%
ll 7%
2
0.001 0.01 0.1 10
TIME- HR
FIC. 3. 042 SHORT TIME TOTAL STRAIN CURVES FOR
ANNEALED TYPE 302 AT 1200 TO JSOOF
(12, p. 6-1-2.6)

FeI8Cr8Ni(TYPE 302

20
-- ---- ----- - ~ 0.050 IN SHEET

- ---- ...
ANN

15
--
... _... ...... _
TEST TEMP 1200F-- --.1

--.....
10 ... '
1---- --:.' ......

~' ' .... I

1400F

!-----

6
:\:.''~.1

4
--
--- i} CREEP

" ~OOF
4~--~---~~--~~-~
0.01 0.1 1.0
0.001 0.01 0. I 10 TIME- HR
I
TIME- HR FIC. 3.043 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR
FIC. 3. 041 CREEP CURVES FOR TYPE 302 ANNEALED SHEET TYPE 301 1/2 HARD SHEET AT 1200F TO
AT 1200 TO 1600F (16, Fig. 20) J500F (16, Fig. 21)

CODE 1301
PAGE 30
REV I SED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS Fe A

Fe-IHCr-8 !(TYPE 301)

0. 032 IN SHEET Fe
FULL HARD
200 + 800F, 8 HR 18 Cr
TEST TEMP
8 Ni
600F

100 1 - - - - - 1 - - - ---1--~o:--t-------f
150 1-C:::Y"'C"'L'"'E::-:-LO""A-----'--+---~ TYPE 301
15 MIN AT STRESS TYPE 302
801----+- 15 MIN UNSTRESSED

~ 80~~~~+-~~~+-----~
~

1200F
CREEP
0.1%
20 ~----~------~------~-----~ 0.2%
0. I 10 100 J.OOO
0.3%
TIME- HR 40 1------~~~--.lo--+ ...
0.5%
FIG. 3.044 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR TYPE 301 .1.0%
FULL HARD AND STRESS RELIEVED SHEET
AT 800 TO 1200F (11) 30L-----~------~----~
0.1 1.0 10 100
TIME- HR
FIG. 3. 046 CREEP CURVES FOR TYPE 301
60 PERCENT REDUCED SHEET
UNDER CYCLIC LOAD AT 600F
ANO 900F (27)

JOO Fe-18Cr-8Ni(TYPE 301)

0,040 IN SHEET
Fe-18Cr-8NI(TYPE 301) EXTRA FULLY HARD
0. 0285 IN SHEET
EXTRA HARD 60% RED
200 +750F, 8 HR 200'1--------+-~~--+------1

600F

loor--------r-------~~----r------1
801-----1-~~--r--~~----;
900F
~
~~ aor----+--=~-:n.:+------1

IOOOF

1200F
30~------L-------L-----~

10~------~------~----~~----~ 0.1 1.0 10 100

0. I 10 100 1000 TIME- HR
TIME- HR
FIG. 3.047 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE
FIG. 3.045 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR TYPE 301 CURVES FOR TYl'E 301,60
EXTRA HARD AND STRESS RELIEVED PERCENT REDUCED SHEET
SHEET AT 800 TO 1200F (II) AT 600F AND 900F (2~)

CODE 1301
PAGE 31
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965

2~'()
Fe Fel8Cr8Nl(TYPFJO
80'X,CR
18 Cr
100
8 Ni 80

60
TYPE 301
40
TYPE 302

Ul 20
:..:

10

10 10 104
TIME - SECOND
FIG. 3.048 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR 80
PERCENT COLD REDUCED SHEET AT IOOOF,
1200F AND 1400F (47, p. 932)

200~------~-------r-------,--~~~~~~~
Fe-18Cr- Nl(TYPE 301)
0.039 IN SHEET
EXTRA FULLY HARD
FTU = 241 KSI
R.= -1
160~------~~~~--~------~------_,----~~

120

li!
:..:

80

e RT }
.A. llOF 1800 CPM
40 320F
Y -423F 3450 CPM

loS
NUMBER OF CYCLES
FIG. 3.051 S-NCURVES IN FLEXURE FOR EXTRA FULLY HARD SHEET AT
LOW TEMPERATURES (39, p. 105)

a = 0.187 - 0.188 INDIA (3 HOLES)

b = 0.808 ~ ,002 IN
c = 0.37.8 ~ .002 IN
d = 0.147 .002 IN
e = 0.700 .002 IN
f= 1.400 .002 IN
g = 0.40

CODE 1301
PAGE 32
 Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS

110 ~----~-----T----~~----~----~
Fe
18 Cr
8 Ni

TYPE 301
TYPE 302

10 102
NUMBER OF CYCLES

FIG. 3.053 S-N CURVES FOR UNIAXIAL AND BIAXIAL

SHEET FOR R = 0.50 (46, p. 49)
NUMBER OF CYCLES
FIG. 3. 052 LOW CYCLE SN CURVE FOR COMPLEX WELDED JO!!>ITS
OF 60 PERCE!>IT COLD ROLLED SHEET (36, p. 220-225)

Joint T ~~ Test Temp

I L 2 L 3 F

....
II
~
0
A
RT
-320
ll 0 -423

8 rows

Joint l(L): Hel!arc i:uttweld plus

' .... spotweld doubler
Joint 2(L): Same as l(L) except that
the outer 2 rows of spotweld
are deleted

i I I I

Joint 3(1j: Resistance seamweld !lOr-----~--~----~----~-- ~~~~~~~~

FeI8Cr-8N i( PE 301)
0.05 IN UNIAXIAQSHEET
..i= 0.125 IN BIAXIA!j SHEET
45% CR
1oo h.--1--.-===l==-IK:::"III.-1----t----t..:::!!c..=.:.~
-
l5
~u
1i1 90 1----+- ---11-- ---1-
0..
Kt = 1.0
)( R = 0.10

"-~ 80 1---~~

NUMBER OF CYCLES
FIG. 3.054 SN CURVES FOR UNIAXIAL A!lo'D BIAXIAL SHEET FOR R 0.10
(46, p. 48)

CODE 1301
,., PAGE 33
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965

32
Fe Fe18Cr8Nl(TYPE 301)
SHEET
18 Cr 0
1/2 HARD
28
8 Ni ;........
TYPE 30 I~ 24
~ r-.. E STATIC

TYPE 302 ~ r---

~
20 ~

0
L
T \,
16 0
200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0621 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY FOR TYPE 301 1/2 HARD
SHEET AT ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
(11)

FULL HARD FeI8Cr8Nl(TYPE 301)

SHEET
EXTRA HARD

~ 24~--~~--~~~~~~4-----1-----+---~~~~~---t~~rl
~

16 ~ ~} AS ROLLE:ol----t---t ----<P""

: ~} + 800F, 8HR
12 L---~~--~~--~~--~~----~----~--~~----~----~-----
0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEMPF
FIG. 3. 0622 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY IN TENSION FOR TYPE 301 FULL HARD AND EXTRA HARD SHEET
(II)

CODE 1301
PAGE 34
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALLOYS Fe A

Fc18C:r-8NI (Type 301)

Fe

----
32 0.025 IN SHEET
60%CR
~ t-- 18 Cr
~ t---.. 8 Ni

~
eL
OT
E STATIC TYPE 30 I
I
24
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TYPE 302
TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 0623 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURE ON
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY FOR 60 PERCENT
REDUCED SHEET (36, p. 168, 169)

28
Fe-1dCr-8NI(TYPE 301)
STRESS RELIEF

24
~
........... ~ 800F, 2 HR

~
~ [\
L

20

0.050 IN SHEET
45% RED ~~ ~

16
............
~
36 Fe1SCr-l!NI(1YPE 301)
12 0. 010 TOo. 060 IN TEE~.
-- -
!il
:..:
28
,___ L
~ ..__ ~
32
y
v
E STA.:,C
~
24
........... ~ .__
~ 28

~
O.OJH IN SHEET ~
h!fX, RE~
20
!il 24

~~
STRAIN RATE :..: 32
e 0 0.3- 0.4 IN/IN/SEC

16
A A 4 x w-S - 7 x I0-5 IN/IN/SEC
1

~
c STATIC
____.
HOLDING TIME 28

~ ~
eAIOSEC

~
OAIOO sEC
12 1

~STA+ '\ 24
L T
, A (20)
8
0 200 600 800 1000 1200 20
ANN
(II)

1/4
I
1/2 3/4 FULL EXTRA
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0624 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE, STRAIN RATE TEMPER - HARD
AND HOLDING TIME ON MODULUS OF ELASTICITY FIG. 3.0625 EFFECT OF TEMPER ON MODULUS OF
IN TENSION OF 45 PERCENT AND 60 PERCENT ELASTICITY IN TENSION AND CQI\1PRESSION
REDUCED SHEET (28, p. 8) FOR TYPE 301 SHEET (11)(20, p. IS)

CODE 1301
PAGE 35
FeA FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1965

Fe
18 Cr
8 Ni

~ ~} AS ROLLED ~ !;} AS ROLLED

16
A L} + SOOF, 8 HR
A T
AL} +7SOF, 8 HR
A T

0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 1000

TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 0626 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY IN COMPRESSION FOR TYPE 301 FULL HARD AND EXTRA HARD
SHEET (11)

200
--
'-..
FULL
r- .............. HARD
r- ...... ~
Fe-18Cr-8NI (TYPE 301)

160
.......
I~ ~ ~
3/4 H....A'

120

~
80
' .......
l/4 H

I'....... ""' ~
...............
!'-...........
--.......r-....~ ~
40

- r-- .........

Vl
:.:
0
200
ANN

COMPRESSION
'".,I\
3~----T-----~----~--~~~~~--~ \.
Fe- 8Cr8NI(TYPE 301) 160
STRESS RELIEF
800F, 2 HR
,\
' '
' '
', '
120

'~~ULLHARD
80
,,
...... " L

i. . . . . . . . ~~ ;;::,...
~'~e~0.~0~3ri~N~SH~E~E-----+-----+-----~~~

16
60%
RED, FTY = 273 KSI
A 0,050 IN SHEET
45% RED, FTY = 190 KSI
~o----~200~--~400~----7.6oo~--~~~o~--~~ooo~--~1~200
40

0
- I/4H

ANN --- ~

~
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0627 1000 KSI
EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON MODULUS
OF ELASTICITY IN COMPRESSION OF 45 PERCENT FIG. 3.0641 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES IN CCJdPRBSSJON FOR
AND 60 PERCENT REDUCED SHEET (28, p. 10) TYPE 301 SHEET IN VARIOUS CONDmONS (20)

CODE 1301
PAGE 36
REVISED MARCH 1965 FERROUS ALL.OYS Fe A

Fe
18 Cr
8 Ni

TYPE 30 I
TYPE 302

EXPOSED 100 HR EXPOSED 1000 HR

0~--~----~-L--~~----~----~---ULUU
0 8 16 24 0 8 16 24
1000 KSI

FIG. 3.0642 TAN::ENT MODULUS CURVES FOR 60 PERCENT COLD

REDUCED SHEET FOR VARIOUS EXPOSURE TIMES
AND TEMPERATURES (38, p. 362-365)

CODE 1301
PAGE 37
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS
REFEREN CES
Fe
18 Cr I AMS 5515D, (July 15, !961)
2 AMS SSJ6E, (February I, 1956)
8 Ni 3 AMS S517D, (February IS, 19S2)
L----.. .....J4 AMS S518C, (F~.bruary 15, 19S2)
TYPE 301~
AMS SS19E, (February 15, 1952)
AMS 5636A, (February 15, 19S2)
TYPE 302 ~
AMS S637A, (February 15, 19S2)
AMS S688C, (February IS, 1952)
9 Shober, F. R.. "The Effect of Nuclear Radiation on
AMS 53S8, (Novembe r I, 1952)
!0
American Iron and Steel Institute, "Stainless and Heat
Resisting Steels," Steel Products Manual, p. 2223,
(June 1957)
11
Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporatio n, "High Strength Colt!
Rolled Stainless Steels, Data Sheet, (1958)
12 North American Aviation, Inc., "Stainless Steel Type
301, Data Sheet AL-2604, (19S7)
13 American Casting Institute, ''Corrosion Resistant Type
CF20," Data Sheet, (June 1954)
14
Lucks, C. F. and Deem, H. W., "Thermal Properties of
Thirteen Metals," AS'Th! STP No. 227, (February 1958)
IS
Favor, R.} .. Achbach, W. P. and Hyler, W. S.,
"Materials Property Design Criteria for Metals, The
Conventional Short-Tim e Elevated Tempera ture
Properties or Selected Stainless Steels and Super Alloys,"
WADC TR SSJ50, Pt. 5, ASTlA Doc. No. AD 142069,
(October 1957)
!6
Miller, ]. , Smith, L. W. and Porter, P. K., "Utilizatio n
of Low Alloy Materials for High Temperatu re Service
Applicatio ns," AF TR No. S929, (June J9S9)
17
Roe, W. P. and Kattus, J. R.. "Tensile Properties of
Aircraft Structural Metals at Various Rates of Loading
After Rapid Heating," WADC TR 55199, Pt. 111, ASTIA
Doc. No. AD 142003, (Septembe r 19S7)
18
NASA, ES02, (19S9)
19
MUter, D. E.. "Determin ation ol the Tensne,Co mpresstve
and Dearing Properties of Ferrous and Non Ferrous
Structural Sheet Materials at Elevated Temperatures, "
Armour Research Foundation, AF TR No. 6517, Pt. v.
(December J9S7)
20
Watter, M. and Lincoln, R. A., "Strength of Stainless
Steel Structural Members as Function of Design, "
Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporatio n, (19SO)
21 Goldsmith, A., Hirschhorn , H. J. and Waterman,
T. E., "Thermoph yslcal Properties of Solid Materials, "
Vol. II -Alloys, WADC TR 58476, (November 1960)
22 Internation al Nickel Co., (1949)
23 "Compilation of Materials Research Data," MRG307,
General Dynsmlcs Astronauti cs, (April 4, 1962)
24 "Compilati on of Materials Research Data," MRG-244,
General Dynamics ABtronautics, (February 12, 1962)
2S
"Compilati on of Materials Research Data," MRG-298,
General D)lnamlcs Astronauti cs, March 12, !962)
''Compilation of Materials Research Data," MRC-247,
General Dynsmlcs Astronsuti cs, (August 14, !961)
"Compilati on ot Materials Research Data," MRG-269,
General Dynamics Astronauti cs, (October 31, 1961)
28 "USS 301 A Standard AlSI Type Stainless Steel Cold
Reduced to Higher Properties for Aircraft and Missiles,"
United States Steel Corp., (June J9S9)
29 Stelr, H., Turner, H.C., Sutherland, W.M., "Material
Aluminum, Columbium. Magnesium .
Nlckr.~. Base,
S1alnless Steel and Titanium Alloys Et!ect of Hydrogen
Envlronmeuts at 400 to 2400F, ", General Dynamics,
Report No. 8926010, (January 23, 1961)
30 Morrison, J.D., Kattus, ]. R., "An Investigati on of
Methods for Determinin g the Crack Propagation
Resistance ol High Strength Alloys," Southern Research
Institute, (January 1961)
31 Watson, j. F. and Christian, ]. L., "Low-Tem perature
Properties of Cold Rolled AlSI Types 301, 302,"
Presented at AS'Th! Annual Meeting, Atlantic City,
(June 1960)
32 Rue, L. P., Campbell, J. E. and Simmons, W. F., "The
Evaluation of the Effects of Very Low Temperatu res on
CODE 1301
PAGE 38
REVISED MARCH 1965
the Propenles of Aircraft and Missile Metals," WADD
TR-60254 , (February 1960)
33 DISisto, T. S. and Carr, F. L., "Low Temperatu re
Mechanica l Properties of 300 Series Stainless Steels and
Titanium, " Watertown Arsenal Laboratori es, (Dec
ember 1961)
34 Hanson, M.P., "Smooth and Sharp-Notc h Tensile Propenles
of Cold-Redu ced AIS130J and 304L Stainless Steel Sheet
at 75", -320" and 423"F, " NASA TN DS92, (February
1961)
3S
Structural Metals," DMIC Rpt. 166, (Septembe r IS, 1961)
36 Christian, ]. L., "Physical and Mechanica l Propenles of
Pressure Vessel Materials for Applicatio n In a Cryogenic
Environme nt," ASDTIJR -62258, (March 1962)
37
Christian ]. L. and Hurllch, A., "Physical and Mechanica l
Properties of Pressure Vessel Materials for Appllcstion
In a Cryogenic Environme nt," ASD1UR 622S8, Part 11,
(April 1963)
38 Lemcoe, M.M. and Trevim, A., Jr., "Determln iltlon
of the Effects of Elevated Temperatu re Materials Properties
of Several High Temperatu re Alloys," ASDTDR 6J-S29,
(June 1962)
39 Favor, R.}. et al, "Investigat ion of Fatigue Behavior of
Certain Alloys In the Temperatu re Range Room Tern
perature to -423F," WADD TR 61132, (June 1961)
40 Wood, W. D., Deem, H. W. and Lucks, C. F., "The
Emittance of Stainless Steels," DMIC Memo 111,
(June 12, 1961)
41 Slunder, C.]., "Stress Corrosion Cracking of Hlg!t
Strength Stainless Steels in Atmospheric Envlronme:1t, "
DMIC Report 158, (Septembe r 15, 1961)
42 Gideon, D. N., Favor, R.J., Koppenhafer, A., Grover,
H.}. and McClure, G. M.. "Investigat ion of Notch
Behavior of Certain Alloys In the Temperatu re Range
of Room Temperatu re to 423F," ASDIDR 62-3S1,
(August 1962)
43 Eonerjee, B. R: and Hauser, J.J., "Research and
AppllcaUon Engineerin g to Determine the Effect of
Processing Variables on Crack Propagatio n of High
Strength Steels and Titanium, " ASD1UR 62!034,
Part I, (1962)
44
Brisbane, A. W., "The Investigati on of the Effects of
Cooling Rate and Stress Concentration Factor~:~ <m the
Notch Propenles of Three Sheet Alloys at Subzero
Temperatu res," ASD IDR 62930, (I 962)
4S Raring, R.H., Freeman, ]. W., Schultz, J. W. and
Voorhees, H. C., "Progress Report ot the NASA Special
Committee on Materials Research for Supersonic
Transport s," NASA TR 01798, (May 1963)
46 McClaren, S. W, and Oest, J. H., "Low Cycle Fatigue De
sign Data on Materials In Multi-Axia l Stress Field,"
R1U1UR 634094, (November !963)
47 Kattus, J. R. and McDonell, D. W., Jr., "Strength of
Structural Alloys Under Rapid Heating and Loading,"
Proceeding s !rom American Society for Testing
Materials, Vol. 60, p. 928, (1960)
48 Christian, ]. L., "Effects of Chemistry and Processing
on rhe Mechanical Properties of Engineerin g Alloys at
Cryogenic Temperatu res, " Metals Engineerin g
Quarterly of ASM, Vol. 4 No. 3, (August !964)
49 "Personal Communic ation," B. Wasll with R. L. Cook
of Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporatio n Research Center,
(October 15, 1964)
50 "Metals Handbook, " Vol. I, Properties and Selection of
Metals, Am. Soc. Metals, 8th Edit., (1961)
 FeA
\ REV I SE.D1 MARCJi 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
I
!
r
( .__....,j

Type CP16 P (303 Se), Table 1. 043

1. GBNBRAL 1.043

!! These varieties of tbe 188 ausrenitlc stablless steellmn

Uy conta1n addltloWI of sulfur or selenium tor the jXOrpose
of lmp!OVIDg machlnlDg cbaractetlsUcs. Becsuse of the Source
TABLE' 1 OU
(6 18
Fe
Cr
I presence of these elements they are lnfedor to the male
Percent
type 302 In tommb!lley and coa:os!OJl reslnmce. Type303
Mln Max
9 Ni
Se Is superior to Type 303 In these respects, and Its fonn-
s
---
abtllty can be further Improved by keeping the nlcl:el con- Carbon 0.16 +
rent betwean 10 and 12 percent and reducing the s elenlum Manganese 1.50
content to 0. 07 percent minimum (nlso called Type 303A). Silicon 2.00
or Se
In addition, low c:u:b~n, columbium stablllzed typo>& (AMS
5542) have been produced. They are available In the fonn
Phosphorus
Sulfur
-
-
0.17
0.04
of sheet, bar, wire, tubing and forgings. The cast form of Chromium 18
TYPES 303,
21
Type 303 S~ Is nlso known: under the designation CP16F. Nickel -9 12 303 Se
Most properties of these alloys are nearly Identical with
those of the haste Types 302 and 304 and are reported here
Molybdenum
Selenium
-
0,20
1.50
0,35
only as far as they dlffer !rom those of Type 30<1, Iron Balance

1,01 Commerclsl Designation. Wrought: Type 303 and Type 1.05 Heat Treatment
303Se, Cast: CFl6F. 1, 051 Anneal or solution treat. 1900 to 2050 F, alr cool or
quench, depending on section thickness, cooling to BOO F
1.02 Alremate Designations. Free machining 18-8 stablless maximum should be within 3 mln.
stedll, 188-S and 18-8-Se. AISI Type 303 and 303 Se 1, 0511 B.u and forgings. 1900 to 1950 P, 1/2 hr per In thickness,
austenitic stainless steels. water queneh,
1. 0512 Sheet nod rublng. 1900 to 1950 P, 10 min, all: cool up to
1.03 SpecUI.catlons. Tahle 1. 03. 0,0641n thickness, water quench 0.065ln nod thicker.
1. 0513 Castings. 20JO to 2100 F, 30 mln minimum,
TABLE' 1 03 1.06 Hardenabillty. Alloy can be hardened only by cold work,
AMS Pnrm Milito"' which Increases both strength and hardness. The extent
Bar, forgings (ST) !llll~ts of possible cold working Is less than for the other 18-8
c40E Bar,forglngs(swaglng) forglnf
5641 A grades because of the embrlttlemeat by the sulfur or
5738 Bar (CD) stoc selenium content, (13, p. 116).
15642 Bar, forgings. CCb stab)
1,07 Forms and Co:~dltiOliS AvaUahle
1.071 The steel Is avaUahle In the full commerclsl range of
1,04 Com~sltlon sizes for bar, wire, forgings, sheet and tubing, (13, p. 8),
1.041 Type 03 composition, Tahle 1. 041, 1.072 All wrought products are avaUahle ln the annealed condi-
tion, S~eet, bar nod wire are also avaUable cold worked to
TABLE I 041 various reductions.
Source AMSH '5)(11}(13, p.21 AMS 3\
1,073 Castings are avaUable In the anoealed :ondltlon.
Alloy T=303 lrvne 303 -Cb
Percent Percent
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPiiRTIE'S
Percent
Min Max Mln Max Min Mn 2,01 Thermal Properties
Carbon
~nganese
-
-
0,15
2,00
-- 0,15
2.00
-
0,08
-
2.00
2,011
2.012
Melting range. 2550 to 2590 P, (11, p. 3)(12, p. 22)(13, p. 43).
Pnase changes

-- -- --
Uicon 1,00 1.00 1.00 2,0121 The steels are subject to carbide precipitation at 800 to
l'llosphorus 0,040 0,20 0.040 1600 P,
Sulfur
hromlum
0.18
17.00
0.35
19.00
0,15
17.00
- 0,18 0.35 2,0122 Cold wad< wW traosform a small amount of austenite to
19.00 17.00 19,00 ferrite (martensite),
~l~kel 8.00 10,00 8,00 10.00 9,00 12.00 2.013 Thermal conductivity, Pl.g. 2. 013,

---
~olybdenum - 0.75 0,60(a) -
o. 75 2,014 Thermal exp;mslon, Pig. 2, 014.
popper
Polumbium
-- 0,50
- --lOxC
-
0.50
l,IO(Cb
2,015 Speclflc heat. 0,118 Btu per (lb F), (11, p, 3)(12, p. 22)
ron (13, p.40).
Balance Balance Balance +Tn 2,016 E'mlsslvley, Pig. 2, 016.
(a) Zirconium may be substituted for molybdenum
2,02 Other Pnys leal Propertle.;
AISI only.
2.021 Densley, 0.286lb!>'!rcu ln. 7,93grpercuc m, (12, p.22)
1, 042 Type 303 Se composition, Tahle 1. 042. (13, p.40).
TABLE 1 U42
Source AMS (1 AMSI2 AMS 4 11\MS\5){13, p, 21
Allov AMS 3
Twe303 Se Twe 303 Se + Cb
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Mln Max Min Max Mln _Max Mu_ _Mln

--
_M1n_

---
Max
Carbon 0,15 0,12 - 0.12 - 0.15
" 0,08
Manganese
Silicon
2,00
1.00
2,00
0,70 -
0,20
-
2,00
1.00 ---
2,00
1,00
-- 2.00
1,00
Phosphorus 0,12
-
0,17 0.11 0,17
- - 0,17 0,20 0,11 0.17
Sulfur
Chromium 17.00
0,040
19.00 17.00
0,040
20.00
-
17,00
0,10
19.00
-
17...00
0,06
19,00
-
17,00
0.030
19.00
Nickel 8,00 10,00 8,00 12,00 8,00 10,00 B.DO
Molybdenum
Selenium 0,15
-o.so
0,35 0,15
0,50
0,30
- -
0,15
0. 7S(a)
0.35
-
0.15
10,00
--
9.00
-
12,00
0.50
- 0.15 0,35

-- -- -- -
--
Copper
Columbium -
0,50
-
0,50
- - -
lOxC
o.so
l.lOt:;b
Iron Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance +Ta
(a) Zirconium may be substituted for molybdenum

CODE 13021
 Fe A
FERR OUS ALLOYS REVI.SEDMARCH 1963

2.022 Blectrical resistivity . Pfg. 2. 022

3.0311 Effect of room aod elevated temperatu re on tensile
Fe 2.023 Magnetic propenl.es. This steel is 11011111agnetic in tbe an-
properties of annealed r"!!"'', Ffg. 3. 0311.
18 cr nealed coaditicm, (12, p. 22). Permeabil ity of annealed
material is less tbsn 1.02. It becomes slightly magnetic 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Propenies
9 Ni when sevP.rely cold worked.
3.05 Fatigue Proeenies
+ s 2.03
2.031
Chemical Propertlea
Coaoalon reaisa.nce
3.06
or Se 2.0311 Geueml conualon reatslaDCe in mildly conoslve aanos-
phlnea is sllgiW.y lnfedor and under severe corrosive con- 3.061
Elastic Properties
Modulus of elasticity, 28.0 x tal ksi, (11, p.3)(12, p.22)
dltions greatly inferior to that of Type 302. This steel (13, p.40).
TYPES30~ resists nitric acid weU, halogen acids poorly and sulfuric
303 Se !ICid moder.ately, (13, p.U6). 4. PABRICADON
_ Type 303 Is susceptlhl e to stress cmcldng U cold wodced.
2 032
Type 303 Se, tberelore, Is preferred for applicatio ns involv- 4.01 Ponnl.ng and Casd.ug
ing cold forming. 4.011 Forging. Starting tempemru re 220:> P maximum , finlshlng
2.033 Oxidation reatslaDCe is slmilar to that of Type 302, but tempemtu re 1700 P minlmum. These steels will take ooly
nonunlfoa n scaling may be encountered in strongly oxldlz- light reductions below 1800 P.
ing aanospher ea above 1400 P. 4.0111 Scaling. Stoning temperatu re 1600 F maximum . finishing
temperatu re !900 F maximum for continuous service,
2.04 -Nuclear Propetties . Slmllar to Type 304., (13, p.U6).
4.012 Coid Conning of tbeae types Is possible to a limited extent
a. MBa!ANl CAL PROPBRTIBS with Type 303 Se being supetlor to Type 303 In tbia respect.
Type 303 should be annealed after severe !onnlng to pre-
3.01 Spec1fle:l Mechanica l Propettie!_ vent stress cmcldng. A special hfgll nlckel, low selenium
3.011 AMS speclfled mecbanlca l piopeltles , Table 3. 011. compositi on Is recommen ded for more severe cold loaning.
TABLE 3 011
4.02 Machln!.ng. These steels are tbe most readily machinabl e
jAMS (1~ AM5C2l AMS (4) of all austenltlc sta1nless steels. Type 303 pelQllts heavy
Source (3
feeds and deep cutl, while tbe use of Type 303 Se is indi-
fTypes 303 Type 303 Se cated where a hfgh finish Is desired. As with otber austen-
Alloy 303 Se Itic steels vety sbarp tools, low speeds and feeds, deep
~ liar IAaY fllnrotn"' cuts and heavy equipmen t are required. Machining speeds
Rllr
lr'.;;.;,,,..;; 51' 51' ST~rn ootwcen 60 and 75 per:cent of tbose used for mild C&lbon
Tblckneaa
t
- - ~.7l po.75 >!~IX j>1.25
toLOO oL25 Ito L75
steels are suitable.

-
--- ---
Pru min bl 4.03 Welding. Welding of tbese steels Is not genemlly recom-
75 125 115 105 95
p
max- bl
mln - bl
115
- -
100
-80 -65 45- mended. Fusion welding with Type 310 electrodes Is poa-
slble to a vety limited eztent and post weld annesling Is
ell'c), min-perce nt
RA, min-perce nt
-- - --
35 12
35
15
35
20
35
28
:15
necessary . Tbe columbium beadng types need no post
weld annealing.
Hardlleso
-
--- 229 --- --- --- ---
BHN, min 149
uw -
- --
~0.75 in min 170

>Q75ln to 1.50
ID8l 255
- - - -
min 163
--- --- - -- - -
-- -- --- ---
-
ID8l 255
>!.SO In min 140
ID8l 241 - -
3. 02 Mechanica l Properties at Room Tempemru re
3, 021 Typical mechanica l properties , T4bie 3, 021.

TABLE3. 02I
IScur""
Attov
5\ l6 ( 13
Fe18Cr9 Nl+S or Se
!Form Bar
ll::nnditlon Wire Ca &t tPAt M rA I liar and olate !lor
Ann CD ).ij<Yh tnnciln

l
nn Snft ~,..,.
Dismel'er - in
Ftu typ- ksi 90
- 100
1718
125
1
llO
2lnM2 o~nn
<nNl
0.062 I o.sm I n.n62
~mDI>r

I~SM
-
~nn

-
Ann
105 90 125 100 160 140 77
r Flf typ- ksi 35 60 95 75 85 90
35 35 90 60 125 lOS 40
e( In), min-perce nt 35 35
t 50 40 20 30 50
tr,
RA -
percent 55 53 50 so 60
50
60
30
55
40
55
15
45
20
so
52
-
55
-
so
Hardness, BHN
Impact Strength
160 228 277 240 - - - - - - !52 ISO
55
160

-- -- --
-- --
f. lzod ftlb 80
-
35 - - -- -
l - -
k;harpy Keyhole - ft lb 85
- 75 -
80
-
~
3,022 Bffect of clll<l dmwlng on tensile propeltles of wire, Pfg.

Ir 3.03
3,022.

j, Mecbanlca l Propeltles at Vatlous Temperatu res

3.031 Bffect of test temperatu re on tensile propei:Jie& of Types
~ 303 and 304, Pig. 3. 031.

CODE 1302
PAGE 2
 FeA
REVISE D MARCH 1963
FERROUS ALLOYS

200

160
Pe-~8Cr-9Nii6 or Se
0.198 IN WIRE
CD

V"
./ v 18
9
Fe
Cr
Ni

~ 7 +
or
s
Se

v
120
..........
TYPES 303,
80 ~03 Se
PIG. 2. 013 THERMAL CONDuCTI VITY
Pn(O~ ~
hoxu.
p. 3X12, P 22)113, p. 40l
~
40
~
~
11 0
Pel8Cr9N I+S or Se .,. ~-----
~
80
b. RA

10

/-
-A ~__,
"'
b
--
~ ~ ....
~
~
e(2 IN)
.....
v MEANCOB P
LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION
10 20 30 40 50

I 1
PROM RT TO TEMP INDICATED_ PIG. 3. 022
REDUCTION PERCENI'
EFFECT OF COLD DRAWING ON TENSILE

I
- - (11X13l PROPERTIES OF WIRE
- - (9) (7)
- - - (7)
7 - - - (6X12l
-400 0 400 BOO 1200 1600
TEMP P

PIG. 2. 014 THERMAL EXPANSION

(6)(7X9)(ll , p. 3XI2, p. 22)(13, p. 40)

Pe-18Cr9N li6 or Se

1.0 ~e-18Cr-~NI +S or Se
80

"~ ........

- -- -
OXIDIZBD 2000 P, 60 MIN Pro

0.8
~
TOTAL HBMISPHERlCAL
E~VITY
'""\ BOTHTYPB S
0.6

'\
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
TBMP P

PIG. 2. 016 BMISSIVffY (8) 20

-
---
TYPB 303
TYPB 304 ~
0
80

-- _,
!~ - --
~--
1--
RA
.......

- - Kr r-.-
le (21N)
-.......::::..::::

0
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
20L-___ _._-_-_-_<~7~>------~----~-~ TBMP -P
0 400 800 1200 1600
TBMP P
PIG. 3. 031 EFFECT OF TBST TBMPBRA ruRE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF TYPBS 303 AND 304
PIG. 2. 022 BLBCTRlC AL RESISTIVITY (14)
(7XIOX11, p. 3XI2, p. 22)

CODE 1302
PAGE 3
 FERROUS. ALLO YS Rf;VISE D MARCH 1963

100 \
Fe ~r-9Nt+'s or Se
liN ROUND
18 Cr ANN 1900 F
9 Ni 80
~
+ s ~ ~ FTJ:

or Se 40
~
~
F~-..,
TY
TYPES303,
0
303 Se

!ir>l
()
80

40
.--......:: RAa.

-......
0:
...
r>l
e(2 1:.1)
0
0 ..
4Cv 800 1200 1600
TEMP- F

FIG. 3.0311 EFFECT OF ROOM AND ELEVATED

TEMPERATURES ON TENSILE PROPER-
TIES OF ANNEALED ROUND
(13, p.l17)

REFERENCES

I AMS 5640 E. (Oct. I. 1950)

2 AMS 5641 A, (Oct. I, 1950)
3 AMS 5642 C, (Aug. 15, 1955)
4 AMS 5738, (Feb. I, 1955)
5 American Iron and Steel Institute, "Stainless and Heat Resisting
Steels", Steel Products Manual, (June 1957)
6 Schaefer, E. A., "Corrosio n Resistant Type CF-16 F", Data
Sheet, Alloy Casting Institute, (June 1954)
7 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporati on, "Allegheny Free Machin-
Ing Stainless Steels, Types 303, 416, 430 F", Allegheny Ludlum
Blue Sheet, (1957)
8 Wade, W. R., "Measure ments of Total Hemisphe rical Emissiv-
Ity of Various Oxidized Metals at High Temperat ure", NACA TN
4206, (Mar. 1958)
9 North American Aviation, "Stainless Steel Type 303", Data
Sheet, (1957)
10 Hogan, C. L. and Sawyer, R. B., "Thermal Conductivity or
Metals at High Temperat ure", journal or Applied ~tyslcs, Am-
erican Institute of ~tyslcs, Vol. 23, (Jan. -Dec. 1952)
11 Republic Steel Corp., "Products for Design Engineers ", ADV
1168 R2-6m-862
12 Superior Tube Co., "Stainless Steel Tubing", Catalog Section
22,
(1957)
13 The Carpenter Steel Co., "Carpente r Stainless and Heat Resist-
Ing Steels - Selection, Descriptio n, Fabricatio n", Working Data,
(1962)
14 ASTM STP No. 52-A,(1950)

CODE 1302
PAGE 4
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS FeA

1. GENERAL 1.042 AlSI and AC1 compositions, Table 1. 042,

'Ibe low carbon members or tbe straight 188 austenitic
staJnless steel family are produced In two grades, Type TABLE 1.042
Fe
304 with 0. C8 and Type 304L with 0. 03 percent maximum Source AlSI 11 AC1 12 Low C
carbon. ~y have properdes slmllsr to those of Type rvce 304 304L CF8 CF3
302 llut their general corrosion resistance Is slightly Percent Percent Percent Percent 19 Cr
hlgber because or tbe lower carbon and the Increased i Ufn UaY lufn Max Min Max Min Max
chromium and nickel contents. 'Ibe suscepdblllty or
these steels to lntergranular corrosiCXI decreases con-
jcarbon -
Chromium 18.00 20,00
0.08 - 0.03 - 0.08 -
18.00 20.00 18.0 2!.0 18.0 21.0
o.u~ 10 Ni
siderably with decreasing carbon content, although long
exposure to eluvated temperatures rna) even sensitize
Manganese
Nickel
- 2.00
8.00 12.00
- 2.00
8.00 12.00
-
8.0 u.o
).50 - !.50
8.0 u.o TYPES304,
Type 304L. These steels are avallsble In all common Phosphorus - 0.045 - 0.045 0.04
---
0.04

--
wrought forms, and also as castings under the de signa- Silicon - 1.00 1.00 - 2.00 2.00 304 L
lions CF-8 and CF-3, respectively. 'Ibe wrought forms
possess very good formabUity and the steels can be
SuUur
Iron
- 0,030
Balance
0,030
I!& lance
- 0.04
Balance
0.04
Balance
readily welded by all common methods.
1.05 Heat Treatment
),01 Commercial Designations 1.051 Anneal or solution treat. 1800 to !950F, 30 minutes to
Wrought: Type 304 and Type 304L. Cast: CF-8 and 1 hour per Inch thickness, 2 hours minimum for plate,
CF-3. alr cool or quench depending on section size, CooUng
to BOOF maximum should be within 3 minutes.
!.02 Alternate Designations Sheet and tubing. 1900 to i950F, 10 minutes, air cool up
1.0511
Low carbon 1885 stainless steels. AISI Type 304 and to 0, 064 Inch thickness, water quench 0. 065 and thicker.
Type 304L austenitic stainless steels, Castings (AMS 5370, 5371). 1950 to 2050F, 30 minutes
1.0512
mlnimum, air cool.
!.03 Specifications 1.052 Stress reUef
Table 1.03, 1.0521 To improve elastic characteristics or cold rolled sheet or
cold drawn bar. 650 to 800F, 4 to 8 hours.
TABLE I 03
...... I 'l'vnP Form Mllltarv 1.06 Hardness
5370 304L ~stings, prec. invest. 1.061 HilriiiieSs or annealed alloy Is
RB 7590 and BHN !35-185,
5371 304L pstlngs, sand (29),
5513 304 ~eel, strip, plate csn MIL-S-5059 1.062 Typical hardness for alloy ol different forms and condi
55600 304 rubing, seamless csn MILT-8506 tlons, see Table 3.0212.
55650 304 ~bing, welded (ST) MIL-T-8506 1.063 Effect or tim\' and temperature or exposure on room
55660 304 TUbing, hydraulic (CD) MILT-6845 temperature hardness of alloy, Fig. !,063,
5567 304 ublng, seamless or weld 1.064 Effect of low temperature on hardness or bar, Fig. !.064.
ed, hydraulic (ST) MIL-T-8504 1.065 Effect or test temperature on hot hardness, Fig. 1,065.
5639A 304 llar, forgings, tubing (S'I} MIL-S-7720
5697 304 Wire (ST)(CD) QQ-W-423(a) 1.07 Forms and Conditions Available
5511A 304L heet, strip, plate csn MILS-4043 1.071 The steel Is available In the full commercial range of
5647 304L llar, forging stock, forg- sizes for all wrought forms cornmon for staJnless steels.
n2s tublnsr csn - 1.072 These forms are generallyavaUablelntheannea led, cold
worked or cold worked and stress reUeved conditions.
(a) Federal Specification 1.073 Sand and centrifugal castings are available up to 6000 1b
In the annealed condition.

1. 08 Melting and Casting Practice

Electric furnace air melts and Induction vacuum melts.

1.09 Special Considerations

1.04 Composition
1.091 lntergranular corrosion after welding or heating may
!.041 AMS compositions, Table 1.041. occur In Type 304, but usually not in Type 304L.
1.092 Stress corrosion craclclng may occur In hot dilute chloride
TABLE 1 041 solutions.

Source AMS (3)(4)(5)

AMS(l)(2) AMS (9)(10)
(6)(7}(8)(28) 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Tvce 304 ~04 ~114 2.01 Thermal Propenies
Percent Percent Per ent 2.011 Melting range. 2550 to 2650F,
Mln Max Min Max Min Max 2.012 Rlase changes
Carbon
Chromium
- 0.050 -0.08 - 0.030 2.0121
2.0122
Timetemperature-transf'orm atlon diagrams.
These steels are subject to carbide precipitation at 800
18.0 21.0 18.00 20.00 18.00 20.00

---
Copper - 0.5 0.50 - - to 1600F,
Manganese 1.00
-
2.00 2,00 - 2.00 2.0123 Cold work will transform a small a"'ount of austenltle to
Molybdenum 0.5 0.50 - - 2.013
ferrite (manenslte),
Thermal conductivity, Fig. 2,0!3,
Nickel 8,0 11.0 8.00 11. OO(d) 8,00 u.oo
Phosphorus
Sill con lo.
- 0.04
75(a) I. 50(a)
--
0.040 -
l.OO(c) 0.50(e)
0.040
1.00
2.014
2.0!5
Thermal expansion, Fig, 2.0H.
Specific heat, Fig. 2, 0!5.
Sulfur
Iron
- 0,03(b)
Balance
-
0.030
Balance
- 0.030
Bolance
2.016 Thermal dlffusivlty

2.02 Other Physical Properties

(a) AMS 5371 only, AMS 5370 specifies 1.0% maximum only. 2.021 Density. 0.287 to 0.2921b per cu In, 7.94 to 8.07 gr
(b) AMS 5371 gives 0.04.
per cu em.
(c) AMS 55660 g! ves 0. 75. 2.022 Electrical resistivity, Fig. 2, 022.
(d) AMS 55600 and 55660 gives 12.0. 2.023 Magnetic properties. 1ble steel Is nonmagnetic In the
(e) AMS 5647 only. annealed condition. PermeabiUty of annealed materials

C::ODE 1303
PAGE
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967

Is leu than 1.02. It become s s1.lgjJtly magaet

lc wben
Fe severe ly cold worl:ed, but to a lesser eJ<teDt
than Type
2.1142 AUBteDitic steels exblblt good resista nce to
lntcrgr anular
302 and partlc:u ls.rly, 1)pe 301. corrosiDD In blgb purity water coDtalnlng oxygen
Low C 2.0231 Effect ol cold reductl ou "" maguet lc permes
hlllty, Fl.g. to 600P. "Ibis also applies to welded parts,
at 500
Including
2.0231 . lntergr soular corrosl oo betwee n differen t types
19 Cr 2.0.24 Bmfssl vfty (llac:lc Body = 1.0) At SOP 300 aeries. Sensiti zing nf tbe steels does not
of tbe
0.08 effect tbls
-320P 0.048, (35). corrosi on resista nce.
10 Ni 2.043 "!be use ot 304L or 011e ollbe stablliz ed grades
'-----~ 2.03 Ooem.l cu Proper ties W!tb molten sodium Is Indicat ed to reduce mass
In contact
1'\A. 2.031 Corros lon resfsta nce trans.le r
TYPES 3.., nf carbon.
2.0311 Geuera l corrosf oo resfstan ::e ot tbese steels 2.044 Type 304 is used W!tb an additio nal cootent ot
to various up to 2 per
atmosp heres, most acids, bot petrole um p~ct cent bo:rOD for sucb applica tions as CDDtrol
304 L steam and c:ombustfoo gases is wcy good.
s and rods and
lbermo sblelds becaus e of tbe blgb nuclea r cross-s
2.0312 lntergr auular corrosl oo ot TYpe 304 may occur ection
In certain ot boron. Howew r, boron Increas es tbe suscept lbllity
c:orros lw medJa after it Is welded or otberw of tbe alloy to ndiatio n damage .
lse beated to
temper atures betwee n 800 and I600F. 1)pe 2.045 Effect of irradia tion below IOOC (212F) on yield
304L will be- strengt h,
come sensitiZ ed only after proloog ed beatlllg Pig. 2.045.
In this
temper ature range, bit its use over SOOP Is 2.046 Effect ol frraditi on oo tensile hardne ss and
not recom- electrlc al
mended becaus e ot its relative ly low strengt realst!V fty proper ties, Table 2. 046.
h. Comple te
lmmllll ity from lntergr snular corrosi on is obralne
d only
In tbe stablllz ed types 321 and 347. llffect
of carbon con-
tent 0111 corrosf oo rate, Pig. 2.0312 .
2.0313 Stress corrosi on ol tbese steels Is observe d
fD bot dllute
cblortd e solutlODB. 1be prese.n ce of oxygen
In tbe solu
tion fDcrea ses tbe teodeoc y to stress corrosi
oo. MakiDg
tbe steel anodic acceler ates stress crackin g, TABLE 2 046
whlle catho-
dic curren ts pre'Vellt ft. Source
2.0314 Passtw tfDg Is oecessacy to dewlap best corros. 37
lon resist- Alloy
Type 304
ance. Condition
2.032 Oxidati on resista nce ot lbese steels is good Ann
for contfDuous aenice and up to 1600F for
up to 1700F
Interm ittent Pru, ksl
Unlrrad iatcd
92.5
Irradia ted
.. .
.
senice . Pry, 92, 59.5
-ksi 44
e(2ln), percen t 43, 48.5
2.04 Nuclea r l'roper ties 70.8 58.5, 41.0
Austen itic stainle ss steels, particu lArly 304L,
347 are used extellllively fD nuclear power reacto
304 and
Hardne ss
Rockwell B 74 75 73.5- 74 ..
2.1141
structlo o.
lrrsdlst loo effects on auSteni tic staiDle ss steels
genera lly !be followi ng:
r con-

are
BrineII

!Electr lcahesl stlVItJ

72- 76
135137
13013 9
72 - 76
133-135
130139
..
2.11411 Magnet ic suscep tlblllty fa Increas ed dependi
tion ot materi al, Irradia tion variabl es, sucb
nux and temper ature, and method ot measur
ng on condi-
as total
microh m, em ~0.2 80.4 .
ement. At Expose d 1 x 1019 nvt 500P, 2000 Hr, 400SO
=
nvt 1oi9 and .fOO to SOOF, tbe suscept lbllity
of 1)pe 304 Expose d 1 x 1019 nvt 40050 0P. .
OP,900 Hr, <400F 300 Hr
0
shows an Increas e In tbe order ot 500 percen
t, if measu r-
ed by tbe Guoy metbod .
2.0412 OJange s In mecban lcal propert ies consist ot
Increas es In
tensUe strengt h, yield atrengt b and hardne ss,
decrea se
In elongat ion, dewlop meDt ot a )"ield point jog
and blgh
strain rate depend ance. At room temper ature
and about
5 x 1019 nvt, tbe tensUe strengt h ot anneale
d Type 31M ls 2.047
found to Increas e by approx imately 20 percen SN cune for Irradia ted and unlrrad iated unootcb
t and tbe ed 304
yield strengt h by 200 percent . At 400 to SOOF s-.alnless steel, Plg. 2.047.
and I Ol9
nvt, effects ot lrradls tioo are small.
2.11413 AuSten itic stainle ss steels retain tbelr blgb 3. MECHANICAL PROPER"nES
Impact
strengt h after Irradia tion fD contras J to ferrltlc
steels 3. OJ
wblcb may become extrem ely brittle becaus Specified Mecban lcal Propert ie.-
e of an In- 3. 011
crease In !be transiti on temper ature. AMS specifie d mecban lcal proper ties for all
produc ts ex
cept tubing, Table 3.011.

Is...,.,.,., TABL E 3 .11

0
AMS 3 AMSI7 l AMS(8
IAIIov AMS AMS{2) AMSIOI lU<:/10 1
,...,.., :Ill
Form
Sbeet.~ Bar 1\Jbe Wire Casting s, CastfDg s, Sheet, strip,
Dlate Bar
Conditi on S"
lnveor. sand alate
<:T S" ~ ST -!:"7"-
s.
ThlcbJ ess - fD
- 0.75
2:.
o. 75 - - . . . s >
. .
- .-
min -tal 0.75 0.75
ptu'
max -tal 100 . . 90 - .
.
. . .
- . .-
125
e(2ln), mln
Hardoe ss
percen t 40 :
- 35 . 100
40 .- .-
. I
.-
BHN,mlD
. 17U HO - . - .
. ! 241 .-
max 255
. 170 140
-. - .-
RB, min 170
- . . 255
. 241
.
..-
i - -
max
- 86 - - - .
~-H.

CODE 1303
PAGE 2
REVISEO>MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS Fe A

3.012 AMS specified mecbanlcal properties for tublug, Table

3.012. Fe
TABLB 3 012 . AMS 16\ u .. m AU!:IIM
Lowe
I!Wtr,.,. AMS 14\IS\ 28 19 Cr
Allov Twe304
Thblnll. hvdraullc~ '1\thlnO'.
IFnnn 'IIIblrur. seamless or welded 10 Ni
I Condition ST
.-o ~88 >0. 188 to 0~500 >0. 00 _ll._!88_ .:.0.250 - "
Outside dia - In
I WAll In
thlrlmPoA - ..,. n~ n11; >0.0111 ~n.mo >0.010 sO.OlO a) >0.010 .> 0.016 All - - TYPES3()1\
Ftu min -ksi - - - - - - 95 lOS -- --
us 100 110 100 100 100 130 140 304 L
max -ksi
Fey min -ksi 30(b,c 30(b) --
30(h) - 30(b) 60 75 -- --
max -ksl - - - - - 90 110
e(21n),mln -percent
35 40 37 40 32 3S(d) 25 20 -- --
1\lbe
Strip - - 32(a) 35(a) 27 30(e) - -
Hardness
RB, min -- - - -- -- -- -- -
- 75
max - - <90 90
(a) AMS 5567 not Included
(h) AMS 5567 only
(c) 1\lbes having a wall thickness 0.010 Inch and under, the yield strength
need not to be det!!rmlned
(d) 40 leal for AMS 5567
(e) 35 ksl for AMS 5567

3.02 Mecbanlcal Properties at Room Temperature

3.021 Tension
3.0211 Stress-strain diagrams, see 3.03U.
3.0212 Typical tensile properties for various forms and condi-
tions of. alloy, Table 3.0212.

Source
.
TAB" B 3 0212
(Ill

Allov Tun.> IIU

Sheet, Plate, Sheet,
Form lhr Wire Ann
strip har strJp
CD to high Soft Hard Spring
Condition Ann Ann Ann+CD Ann Ann Ann
tenillle temper temper. IX:mper

Thlclcness - In - - 1 7/8 1 1/2 0. 062 to 0. 500 0.002 to

0.301
- -
-ksl 85 85 100 125 110 105 to 125 to 160 to 260 to 75 75
Ftu
90 100 140 170
Fey -ksl 35 30 60 95 75 35 90to 125 to - 28 28
60 105
e(21n) -percent 50 60 45 25 60 55 to
60
40to
45
20to
25
- 50 50

RA, -percent - 70 - - - 65 65 55 - - -
Hardness,
BHN - 150 212 277 240 - - - - -70 140
--
-- -
--
-- - --
RB 80 83 95
RC - - - - 33 -
Impact strength
lzod- ft lh - liO - - 90 - - - - - -
3.0213 Bffect of cold-rolling oo te!lsile properties of sheet, Fig, 3.0231 Typical impact properties of annealed plate, and cold
3.0213. drawn bar, Table 3.0231.
3.02lof BffP.ct <If exposure to elevated temperatures on tensile
properties of coid .rolled sbeet, Fig. 3. 0214.
3.0215 Bffect of exposure of 10,000 hours to elevated tcmpera- TABLB 3 0231 .
turco on ten=!le prcpertle!! ~annealed alloy, !!'!g. 3.0215. _S()urce (11
3.0216 Bffect of. annealing temperature and exposure to elevated Allov _"l'ype 304
temperatures on tensile properties of bar, Fig. 3. 0216. Form nate, oar 1 IBr
3.0217 AlSI tensile strength range for various sizes of. spring Condition ~- _.c: iJ !''!:' bJRt1 tensile st::renmh
wire, Fig. 3.0217. Th.lclcness - In - 11 2
3.022
3.0221
3.023
Compression
Stress-strain diagrams
Impact
Impact strength
lzod-ft-lb no l 90

[:: 1303
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967

3.024 Bending
Fe 3.025
3.026
Torsio n and shear 3.042 Creep riiprur e curves for bar at 1200 to 1800F,
Fig.
Bearing 3.042.
Low C 3.027 Stress concen tration 3.043 Creep ruprur e curves for bar at 1050 to 13SOF,
Fig.
3,0271 Notch propen les 3.043.
19 Cr 3.0271 1 Effect of cold-ro lling and test directi on on
notch strengt h
3.044 Sbon time creep ruptur e curves for sheet
at 1200 to
of sheet, Fig. 3. 02711. 2000F, Fig. 3.044.
10 Ni 3.0272 Fractu re toughn ess 3.045 Creep. curves for 111\ creep, Fig. 3. 045.
3.028 Combined propen les 3.046 Ltriear param eter maste r curve for creep
ruprur e of
anneal ed materi al, Fig. 3.046.
TYPES 304, 3.o3 Mechanical Propen les at Variou s tempe
rature s
3.031 Tension 3.05 Fatigu e Proper ties
304 L 3.o~11 Stress -strain diagra ms See also Fig. 2. 047.
3.03111 Stress -strain curves to fail~re at room and 3.051 Fatigu e proper ties of 1 Inch diame ter anneal
elevate d ed bar,
tempe ratures , Fig. 3. 03!11. Table 3,051.
3.0311 2 Stress -strain curves at room and elevate
d tempe ratures ,
Fig. 3.0311 2. . TABLE 3 OS!
3.0311 3 Stress -strain curves at room and low tempe
rature s, Fig.
:sou,;,-, 27
3.0311 3. lllo
1VDe 304
3.0312 Effect of cold reducti on on tensile prope nles Form I In bar
3.03121 Effect of cold rolling on tensile prope nles Condition
or sheet at Ann
room and low tempe ratures , Fig. 3. 03121. Stress Stress
Temp - F atlgue strength-lea
3.0313 Effect of elevate d tempe rature on tensile Method Ratio
propen les Concen- at cycles
3.0313 1 Effect of elevate d test tempe rature on tensile
propen les A R tratlon 105 lo6 107
of rolled tubing, Fig. 3. 03131.
3.03!3 2 Range of tensile proper ty values at elevate
RT
800
Rot ., I StnOoth 45 41 40
d tempe ratures Beam K ~1 32
for anneal ed alloy, Fig. 3. 03132. 1000 31 31
3.03!3 3 Effect of elevate d test tempe rature s on alloy, 34 32 31
Fig. 12IJO
3.03)3 3. 31 29 129
3.03!3 4 Effect of elevate d test tempe rature on anneal 3.052 Result s of vibrati ng beam tests of notche
ed alloy, d and unnotched
Fig. 3. 03!34. Type 304 bar, Fig. 3. 052.
3.03!3 5 Etfecto fannea lingan d test tempe rature on
tensile proper
ties of cold drawn bar, Fig. 3,0313 5, 3.06 Elastic Proper ties
3.03!3 6 Effect of elevate d tempe rature on Zeroll ed 3.061 Poisso n 1s ratio at room and elevate d tempe
304 stainle ss, rature s, Fig.
Fig. 3. 03!36. 3.061.
3.03!3 7 Effect of test tempe rature l)n tensile propen 3.062 Modulus of elastic ity
les of cast
logs, Fig. 3.0313 7. 3,0621 Modul us of elastic ity at room and elevate
3.0314 d tempe rature s,
Effect of low tempe rature on tensile prope Fig. 3.0621 .
nles.
3. 03141 Etf~ct of low test tempe rature on
tensile proper ties of 3.0622 Modulus of elastic ity at room &!td low tempe
ratures , Fig.
anneal ed alloy, Fig. 3.03!4 1. 3.0622 .
3.0314 2 Effect of test temper arure and strain rate 3.063 Modulus of rigidit y at room and elevate d
on tensile prop tempe rature s,
enies of cold drawn bar, Fig. 3,0314 2. Fig. 3.063.
3.0314 3 Effect of test tempe rarure on tensile prope
nles of cold
drawn sheet, Fig. 3. 03143. 4. FABRICATION
3.0314 4 Effect of low test tempe rature and percen See Type 301 also.
t cold reducti on
on tensile propen les of sheet, Fig. 3.0314
4.
3.0314 5 Effect of low temper aturell on tensile propen 4.01 Forma billt)'
les of 304
cast stainle ss steel, Fig. 3. 03145. 4.011 Genera l. This steel has excelle nt formab
3.0314 6 Effect of low tempe rature on the yield streng ility In the
th to density anneal ed conditi on, although other stralgh
ratio, Fig. 3. 03146. : 188 grades
may be prefer red for cenaln operat ions.
3.03!4 7 Effect of low test tempe rature on true tensile It has a low
propen les yield streng th and high strain harden ing capaci
of alloy, Fig. 3.0314 7. ty and re
quires consid erably more power than carbon
3.032 Compr ession steels.
Severe formin g operat ions may requir e Interm
3,0321 Stress -strain diagra ms ediate
anneal s and a final anneal Immed iately after
3. 0322 Effect of low temper arure on compr essive formin g
yield streng th should be applied to preven t stress cracki
of alloy, Fig. 3. 0322. ng.
4.012 Forgin g. Startin g forging temper ature 2300F
3.033 Impact maxim um,
flnJshl ng tempe rature 1500F minim um.
3.0331 Probable range of Charpy Impact prope nles Severe reduct ions
of anneal ed below 1700F should be avoide d.
Types 304 and 304L stainle ss steels, Fig. 4,013 Castab lllty of the austen itic stainle ss steels
3. 033!. Is excelle nt.
3.0332 Effect of low tempe rature on Impact propen
les of anneal ed
plate and bar, Fig. 3. 0332. 4.02 Machining and Grindi ng
3.034 Bending 4.021 Genera l. Becaus e of their high strain harden
3.035 Torsio n and shear ing,ma chln
ing of austen itic stainle ss steels requir es
3.036 Bearing positiv e feeds,
correc tly contou red and sharp tools llhd an
3.037 Stress concen tration ample supply
of coolan t. While compa rison With other
3.0371 Notch propen les materi al varies
with the operat ion, Type 304 Is genera lly
3,03711 Effect of low tempe rature on notch streng rated as posses s
th of cold rolled ing 35 tu 45 percen t of the machin ability
sheet, Fig. 3. 03711. of Bessem er
steel screw stock.
3.0371 2 Effect of low tempe rature and notch factor 4.022 Specia l measu res, such as chip curler s,
on notch are requir ed to
strengt h of cold rolled sheet, Fig. 3.0371 handle the very long chips formed by these
2. steels .
3.0371 3 Effect of test tempe rature on notch streng
th of plate, Fig.
3,0371 3. 4.03 Welding
3.0372 f"ractu re toughn ess 4.031 Genera l. Tbls steel can be welded readily
3.038 Combined propen ies by any of the
commo n weldin g method s.
4.032 Fusion weldin g ot sheet up to I /8 Inch thick
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Proper ties Is genera lly
done by the inen gas tungste n arc (TIG) method
3.041 Creep rupDire curves for bar at 1000 to 1800F, . 'The
Fig. shielde d metal arc welding proces s Is prefer
3.041. red for
sheet over 1/8 Inch thick and other produc
ts. Type 308
filler rod and electro des are used.

CODE 1303
PAGE 4
 REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS FeA

(_; 4.033 Some sensitization on welding may occur In Type 304,

panlcularly If the metal is over 1/8 Inch thick,. Type
700
TYPE 304 Fe
304L wlll become susceptible to lntergranular corrosion 0. 750 IN DIA BAR
only II subjected to heating at about 1200F for a long time.
Low C
4.04 Heat Treatment 600
~ t'.....
4.041 Furnace atmosphere should be neutral or slightly oxldlz-
19 Cr
lng to produce a readily removable scale and to avoid
carburlzatlon. Heating with high sulfur fuels should be
10 Ni
avoided. 500
.........
~
4.042 Bright annealing Is done In a dry hydrogen, cracked :c TYPES 304,
0..
ammonia or argon atmosphere with a dew point of -80F
maximum.
0

"'"'"'
400
r--. 304 L
4.05
4.051
Surface Treatment
Cleaning prior to heating and welding should Include ~
a: ~
thorough removal of carbonaceous m"terlal and of any
pickup of zinc or lead from dies. Contamination from ~ 300 . ~

4.052
these sources may reduce the corroston resistance,
cause embrlttlement and susceptibility of lntergranular
attack <juring service or processing,
Passlvatlng In nitric acid Is required to establish highest
corrosion resistance.
200
- -. !'-.....__
"......._

e CR TO FTU 212 KSI (32) '

-....;f.....
...............
~
--SENSITIZED 4 HR, !350F}? 3) ~.-
---ANN, IS MIN ~~0F
100
--ANN. 4 HR, 2 OF 2(J 4)
'
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100

TEMP- F

FIG. 1.064 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURES ON HARD-

NESS OF BAR (32)(33)(34)

140 A
r TYPE 304
~ ANN

120 f..----
e VICKERS DPH
A ROCKWELL B
!60
TYPE 30< v !00 I - - -

156
eiOOO HR
O!O,OOOH
J EXPOSURE ::! 80 I - - -
... -r---
~
"' iS 2 ~
"'~
c:
~ 60 I - - -
r-- ~
"'
"'"'
V\ ..........
~
a: 148
~

14 4

140
_,.
,..
....
~
v
'
/

~ ~
f\
\
40 I - - -

20 1 - - -
~ 1--....
-..,
""
0 100 r 900 1000 1100 I 200 0 ~
o Yooo 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
TEMP- F
Ti!MP- F
FIG. 1. 063 EFFECT OF TIME AND TEMPERATURE OF
EXPOSURE ON ROOM TEMPERATURE HARDNESS FIG. 1.065 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON HOT HARDNESS
OF ALLOY (31) (21)

CODE 1303
PAGE 5
FeA
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967

0.14
v LJ
TYP304
v
v
TYPE 304
~
~
VI"' 0.12
/
""'
J
-;;? 0.10 ,/
1/
/ --(13)
Tifi!RMAL CONDUCTIVITY

--
I
II
I

---(18)
0
I
-400 0 400 800 1200 1600 I
TEMP-F I SPECIFIC HEAT
_l
0.04
FIG. 2.013 TIIBRMAL CONDUCTIVITY I

I
0.02 I
I - - (18)
- - - (35)
I I
0
-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

TEMP- F

FIG. 2.015 SPECIFIC HEAT (llij(35)

11
;:_,
50
TYJIB 304
v-
~
TYPB304
_.,
..,.,.,
.,.,.,
40

... 10

..."' /~P"'" i!i I

I
/
ltl
/ ..-.; ' I /
i!i "' .J ~ !1!30

..."'
ltl 9
MEAN COBF LINEAR
TIIERMAL EXPANSION
~FROM RT TO TEMP INDICATED
0
I
/ " --(13)
- - - (35)

i!i - - (24)
"'g ...'
,. 20
~
~ 8 / - - - (15)
----}(16)
/ (21)
10
-400 0 400 800 1200 1600 -400 0 400 800 1200 !600
TEMP- F TEMP F
FIG. 2.014 TIIBRMAL EXPANSION (15,p.6)(16)(2l,p.22)(24) FIG. 2.022 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (13)(35)

~ t
CCIIE 130'3 .:::,-
PAlE I
 FeA
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS
....
"

5
TYPE 3o.f Fe
! 160 e AS-REC CONTROLS
IRRAD PROCESS TUBE SPEC
Low C
19 Cr

J
70 TO 140F
8 x 10 19 SLOW 10 Ni
3 . 120 1--...a~-.!1..!x:.;1~0::,:19:._F~A~S!..!T4----t

AT 200 OERSTEDS
I lYPES304.
304 L

--v
2

I 40 0 EXTER LOOP CONTROL --1----1

0 20 40 60 80 100 LI.1RRAD LOOP SPEC
S.WF
COLD REDUCTION - PERCENT 3 x 1~gsww
oL---~6~~10~~F~~----~----~
FIG. 2.0231 EFFECT OF COLD REDUCTION ON MAGNETIC 1ol 1o4 Io5 to6 107
PERMEABILITY (36)
NUMBER OF CYCLES
0 1
" TYPE 304 FIG. 2.047 SN CURVE FOR IRRADIATED AND
SENSITIZED UNIRRADIATED UNNOTCHED 304
1200F, 1 HR STAINLESS STEEL (37)

0.01
i!!i
:ll
..:
11!
TYPE304
i!!i
0.001

/ 200
/

/ "'
/"'
0.0001
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08

CARBON CONTENT - PERCENT

FIG. 2. 0312 EFFECT OF CARBON CONTENT ON CORROSION so .---,..ll::. .__--l---1 120 ~

RATE (15,p.273)

100
l-
TYPE 304 BLC ~--~~---~--r----180

80

./
....--- ~

v 0

I
40

20
v
0 4 6 8

INTEGRATED NEUTRON
FLUX (I Mev), 1019 o.n REDUCTION - PERCENT

FIG. 2.045 EFFECT OF IRRADIATION BELOW !OOC FIG. 3. 0213 EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING ON TENSILE
(212F) ON YIELD STRENGTH (37) PROPERTIES OF SHEET (14,p.6)(23)

,I

CODE 1303
PAGE 7
FeA FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967

Fe 240
TYPE 304
IN R.t.R
IOO
Low C
...__ A
19 Cr
200
80
.... ~ ~ FTU

10 Ni e 2000 , WQ, G 2 TO 5
A 1700F, AC, GS8
TESTED AT RT
TYPES 304, 160
60
304 L EXPOSJRE TIME l1000 HR
120
40

~
-t--
A ~

80 F
20 TY
.
!-- 40
z . 80
"'a:: ~
C)

~ RA

--
"'... 0 <>140
~80
...
<>I
...-
TEMP- F l: --..- ,.
e(21N)
FIG. 3,02I4 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURES 40
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF COLD ROLLED SHEET 0 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
(23)
EXPOSURE TEMP - F

FIG, 3.0216 EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEM~ERATURE AND

EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURES ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR (16)

360
r-~~~----~------~----~~--r-----~r-P~E~304~
. SPRING WIRE

IOO
TYPE 304
ANN

..... .... a-- - ---...,

80
FTU

60
EXPOSURE - 10,000 HR
i2 TESTED AT RT

40

20
100
.... FTY
-...,

80 - RA
.....,
!--
z
<>I
C)
a::
...
<>I
40
80
.. e
40
0 RT 800 900 1000 1100 1200 120 L-......L.--l-----L----.J..._---L--L.--L------1--~
0.006 0.010 0.020 0.040 O.I 0.3
EXPOSURE TEMP- F
DIAMETER - IN
FIG. 3.02I5 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE OF 10,000 HOURS TO
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES ON TENSILE FIG. 3.02I7 AISI TENSILE STRENGTH RANGE FOR VARIOUS SIZES OF SPRING
PROPERTIES OF ANNEALED ALLOY (3I) WIRE (ll)

CODE 1303
 Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS

TYPE304 Fe
200 0. 063 IN SHEET +--+-.., ....--1
Low C
19 Cr
10 Ni

TYPES 3011\
304 L

SOL-----~----~----~----~
0 20 40 60 80

REDUCTION - PERCENT

FIG. 3.02711 EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING AND TEST

DIRECTION ON NOTCH STRENGTH OF
~~T ~~

TYPE 304

20 ~----+----+----~---~~

0 o~----=o.L.2::-----o-L.4_____..Jo.""'6---...Jo.l..s~

STRAIN - IN PER IN

FIG. 3.03111 STRESS -STRAIN CURVES TO FAILURE AT

ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
(18)

60
TYPE 304

RT
40

- OOF

20
C: [600F
~OOF

If 40~--~----~----~--~L----J
0 0.16 0.32 0.48 0.64 o.so
0
0 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016
STRAIN - IN PER IN
STRAIN - IN PER IN
FIG. 3.03113 STRESSSTRAIN CURVES AT ROOM AND
FIG. 3.03112 STRESS STRAIN CURVES AT ROOM AND LOW TEMPERATURES (38)
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (18)

......., CODE 1303

PAGE I
FeA
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967

,.,, I
320 \o;,V
TYPB 304 (LOW C)
Fe 0.0631N SHBBT

Low C
2il0
19 Cr TBSTTBMP
e RT
10 Ni 4 -320P
-423P 240i2 .~
TYPES3()4\
304 L 200
"'

280 160

:uo

i2
' 200
t:
"' PTY
90
160 TYPB 304
TUBING
1950F, WQ
80
120
fO

70
~ 20
"'a:
0

..."' 60 .......... ,
0 OD, Wall, 't
0 20 fO 60 80 (In) Cln) GS Process
REDUCTION BY ROLLING - PERCENT i2 50
8.766
4 5.563
1.030
0.528
3/5
5/6
Hot Rolled
Rota Rolled
5.500 1.000 4/5 Hot Rolled
PIG. 3.03121 EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING ON TBNSILE .,. 4.500 0.650 5/6 Rota Rolled
PROPERTIBS OF SHEBT AT ROOM AND
LOW TBMPBRATURBS (39) fO

30

20

10~----~----~--~~--~~--~~---;

200 400 600 1200

TEMP- F

FIG. 3.03131 BPPECT OF ELEVATED TEST TEMPERATURE ON

TENSILE PROPBRTIBS OF ROLLED TIJBING (17)

CODE 1303
PAGE 10
 REVISEDMARCHI967 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe A

... 120 1YPB304

4.7 TYPB 304
ANN 80 ~ Fe

"""' ~
Fru
100
Low C
........... 19 Cr

80
60

eANN
....._
...
10 Ni
~ A (WW C) ANN, 5/8 IN PLATB
40
r~ (WW C) ANN+ STRESS RBLIBF TYPES30o\
60~
J600F, 2 HR, AC
304L
i: 20
~ FTii
Ito
~
~
~ 40

i=

--
0
Ito
20 80
RA
....z -
0
Dl
~ 60 ....
...
Dl
~
e(21N)
r--r-- .....-
'
40
0 200 400 600 800 1000

TEMP F

FIG. 3.03133 BFFBCT OF BLBVATED TEST TBMPBRA1URES

ON ALLOY (30)
100 ~----~--~~--~----~-----TYT-P-E-304~

ANN

oL---~-----L-----L----~--~
0 400 800 1200 1600 1800

FIG. 3.03132 RANGE OF TENSILE PROPERTY VALUES AT

ELEVATED TBMPBRA1URES FOR ANN BALBO ~
ALLOY (40) 40

20

80

60
!i
"'t.l
!5... 40

20
0 400 800 . 1200 1600 2000 2400

TBMP- F

FIG. 3.03134 EFFECT OF ELBVATBD TEST TEMPERATURE ON

ANNEALED ALWY (31)(41)

CODE 1303
PA~E II
Fe A
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967

80
~
\
TYPE 304 TYPE 304
Fe 1 IN BAR CASTINGS
80
-........
~
,,
CD 13% BEFORE ANN ANN
Low C ~

~
60
19 Cr ...
1-...n

'
" FTU
~
60

~
10 Ni FTU
~ 40 ...,
...
I~
TYPES304, ~ 40
1\-
304 L
20
~
~ t--.c..
t--..

FTY
20

0
80
- FTY ~

0
80 ......,
Ql.
""' -
~

- ~tJ
i ;.,._
RA
1'-

'
40

!-- 40
-.=---
RA

e(2 IN)
..:
"'...
e(21N)
r--..
z n.t.
~ 40 0
..: ANN TEMP GR SIZE ~ 0 400 800 !200 1600
..."' 1750
0 2050
8/9
3/5
TEMP F
... 2200 2/1
0 1200
0 200 400 600 800 1000 FIG. 3,03137 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPEf1ATURE ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF CASTINGS
TEMP F (14)

FIG, 3,03135 EFFECT OF ANNEALING AND TEST TEMPERATURE ON

TENSILE PROPERTIES OF COLD DRAWN BAR (25)

~0~----~----~----~----~------r-----~
PE 304
ANN

'\
'-

400
TYPE 304
80% CR AT 105F

350 ...........
e 0, 5 IN DIA BAR (43)

~
& BAR (22)
120 0, 75 IN PLATE (44)

300 ~
~
~
250

200
"'\
150
1\'\ e(2 IN)

100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 OL------4~00~----~3~oo~---~2oo~-----~~oo~----o~----~~oo

TEMP- F TEMP F

FIG. 3,03136 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURES ON ZEROLLED FIG. 3.03141 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
304 STAINLESS (42) PROPERTIES OF ANNEALED ALLOY (22)(43)(44)

COCE 1303
PAGE 12
 Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS

.TYPE 304
BAR, CD Fe
280
' ANN !95DP, 2 HR

~~
Low C

240
.. 19
10
Cr
Ni

"~
Pro
TYPES304,
i2 200
CROSSHEAD RATE
304 L
.... 0.005}
~ D. 02 IN/MIN
Ito !60 r- 0.2

120
~ 80-

~
112
~ PTY ~
~ I Ito
80

100
- 40

RA 360
~ PE 304

_,.,..v
80
(LOWC)

..... ~
..... --=
60 e(IIN)
I 1-=M---+- L T--l:----:1 ----4----1 320
~=~0.063
40 ~ 0
.6. A IN SHEET
} ::::
20
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 \1
o
70% c~J
70% CR.D.D31 IN SHEET 280
TEMP- P

PIG. 3.03142 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND STRAIN RAT.!l!

ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF COLD DRAWN BAR (45)

280

TYPE 304 (LOW C)

0.012 IN SHEET !;;
300 5()%CR :..: 240
'
Ito
i=
260
eL 200 120
AT
i2
220
160

180
120

140 40
40
1-
z
1-
z tl 20
c.;
"'CJ 20
c.; "'
0..

"'
0..

-400 -200 -I DO 0
0
-400 -300 -200 0 !DO
TEMP- F
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.03144 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURE AND
PERCENT COLD REDUCTION ON TENSILE
FIG. 3.03143 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET (39)
PROPERTIES OF COLD ORA WN SHEET (46)

"CODE 1303
PAGE 13
FeA FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967

220 500
\..
Fe
low C ~
TYPE30f
CAST -
........
~E304
ANN

180
['... 460 ~
19 Cr
10 Ni

TYPES304.
304l
140

100
""' ~FTU .........

~
420

380
PRACTUI E STRES!
" 1'1..
"'\

"
~ ~
'\ ~ '-
60 340
........
20
70 - PTY ---. 300
~
60
......... ~UE STRRSS IAT MAX LOAD
~
VRA
so
!i1>:1 40 /
~
260
'\

""
~ 30
!:!SO _. 220
)I
~IN) .............
40

20

PIG. 3.03145
r
-300
~
-200

TEMP- P
-
-100

EFFECT OP LOW TEMPERATURES ON TENSILE

PROPBRTIRS OP 30f CAST STAINLRSS STEEL
~
0 lOO

<2;
180

140
0.5

..
"" v ~"--.

(47) 0.4

~AINAT~
~
0.3 "' -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100

TEMP- P

PIG. 3.03147 EFFECT OP LOW"TRST TEMPERATURE ON TRUE

TENSILE PROPERTIES OP ALLOY (43)

120
TYPB 30f
\ ANN

-.....____ --- --- --- TrPE 30f

0. 75 IN PLATE
ANN
--.
100 \.
"'-. r---
t---
80 ......_
Pcv r--
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 60
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100

TEMP- P TEMP- P

FIG. 3.03146 BPPBCT OP LOW TEMPERATURE ON THE YIELD PIG. 3.0322 EFFECT OP LOW TEMPERATURE ON COMPRRSSIVE
STRENGTH-DENSITY RATIO (44) YIELD STRENGTH OP ALLOY (38)

CODE 1303
PAGE 14
REVISEDMARCHI967 FERROUS ALLOYS FeA

1~ r-~-----r----~----~-----.----,
TYPE 30f, 30f 280
ANN
TYPE 3 (LOW C)
SHEET
Fe
Low C
240
19 Cr
10 Ni
200
TYPES3~
304 L
-1~
~ T
04Q%CR} '-
A 60% CR 0.063 IN
140 07Q%CR
V 70\{, CR 0.0311N

120

80
400 -300 . -200 -100 0 100

TEMP- P

PIG. 3.03711 EPPECT OP LOW TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH

STRENGTH OP COLD ROLLED SHEET (39)

0 L--~400~----~3~00~--~-2~00~----1~00~--~0~--~100
TEMP- P

PIG. 3.0331 PROBABLE RANGE OP CHARPY IMPACT PROPERTIES

OP ANNEALED TYPES 304 AND 304L STAINLESS
STEELS (30)(35)

400 r-~----~----~r-----~----r-----,
PE 304 (LOW C)
0. 012 IN SHEET
SO%CR
TYPE 304
ANN

120

110
i'- ~---
v ~

IZOb V-NOTCH, PLATE

e 30 MIN AT TEMP
.0 APTER 65 HR AT 300P
..CHARPY K-NOTCH
A 1 1/2 IN BAR
J950P, Q

90

80 L

/
70
-300 -200 -100 0 100

TEMP- P
TEMP- P
PIG. 3.0332 EPPECT OP LOW TEMPERATURE ON
IMPACT PROPERTIES OP ANNEALED PIG. 3.03712 EPPECT OP LO\"/ TEMPERATURE AND NOTCH PACTOR
PLATE AND BAR (48) ON NOTCH STRENGTH OP COLD ROLLED SHEET (49)

CODE 1303
PAGE US
 t-eA
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967

170
Fe TYPE 304 40
0. 75 IN PLATE TYPE 304
Low C ANN BAR

19 Cr
10 Ni
160
'~ 20

150
TYPES 304\
304l
"",, 10
140
- 8

' '\
!2
6
~130

60
' I'
\
"4

\
120

"-H)t1l r = 0.001
" \ 2
110 RUPTURE !800F

\\
100 10
-400 100 1000 !0,000
-300 -200 -100 0 100
TIME- HR
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.042 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR MR AT 1200
FIG. 3,03713 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPEr.ATURE ON NOTCH STRENGTH TO 1800F (16)
OF ANNEALED PLATE (44)

so r-------r-------~------,
TYPE 304 (LOW C)
HOT FINISHED BAR
40

20

IS
~

10

5
RUPTURE
IL-------~----~------~ 4
100 1000 10,000 !00,000 tOO 1000 10,000 100,000
TIME- HR TIME HR
FIG. 3.041 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR BAR PIG. 3,043 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR BAR AT
AT IOOOF TO IBOOF (19,p.S) !OSOF TO 13SOF (SO)

CODE 1303
PAGE
._____ II:!__JI
 REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS FeA

50 60 ....,
TYPE 3 ... , TYPE 304
ANN 2000F Fe
SHEET
:-..,
ANN 4 or--- ..,,< Low C
'\ 19. Cr

20
1\ 10 Ni

i2 10
8
\ r\.
TYPES3()o\
304 L

\.
''\
6

0'------"L----L-..----1
0.1 10 100
'
~
T = TEST TEMP , F
t =RUPTURE TIME, HR
TIME- SECONDS
FIG. 3,044 SHORT TIME CREEP RUPTURE I
CURVES FOR SHEET AT 1200
TO 2000F (51)

40 60 80

(T - 100)/Log t - 15
100 120
" 140

FJG, 3,046 LINEAR PARAMETER MASTER CUR VB FOR CREEP

RUPTURE OF ANNEALED MATERIAL (26)
350 '
TYPE 304
BAR
FULL HARD
300 Fro 210 KSI
\.

250
r-....
~
200 ~ .

""" "
"'
320F
1\..
150

""' SMOOTH

"' ""'
20 r---TY~PE""'3.,..,04,..----...,----., RT
1% CREE-P 100

50
~ =3.2
I\:f\: NOTCHED

-S20F

RT

104 1o6
NUMBER OF CYCLES

FIG. 3, 052 RESULTS OF VIBRATING BEAM TESTS

OF NOTCHED AND UNNOTCHED TYPE
304 BAR (32) .
\60/
T!ME- HR

FIG. ?..!'e,l~ CREEP CURVES FOR 1\t 0.3-r-~25(1

CREEP (51)
~
CODE i303
PAGE 17
Fe A
FERROUS ALLOYS REVI~i~D MARCH 1967

0.4
Fe TYPE 304 12
r-----~--~r-----TY~P~B~3~04~
Low C
19. Cr
~
"'
0,3

....- ~
- .,.. 10
ANN

10 Ni ~
i2
~
0.2

TYPES30'\ 8

304 L o. 1
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 6
0 400 8t:Xl 1200 1600
1EMP F
TEMP F
FIG. 3.061 POISSON'S RATIO AT ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERA
TURES (;!1) FIG. 3,063 MODULUS OF RIGIDITY AT ROOM AND
BLBVATBD TEMPERATURES (18)(31)

REFEREN CES
32
TYPE 304
1 AMS 5370, (March 1, 1955)
BAR 2 AMS 5371, (March 1, 1955)
3 AMS 5513, (June 15, 1953)
28 4 AMS 5560D, (January 15, 1958)
5 AMS 5565D, (January 15, 1958)
6 AMS 5566D, (July 15, 1963)
7 AMS 5639A, (June 15, 1959)
8 AMS 5697, (Novembe r 1, 1954)
9 AMS 55l1A, (June IS, 1952)
10 AMS 5647A, (Decembe r 1, 1953)
l.\ American Iron and Steellnstl tute, "Type 304 and 304L,
20 Stainless and Heat Resisting Steels", (June 1957)
12 American Casting Institute, "Corrosio n Resistant Type
..t. STATIC (37)
CF-8 ", .Data Sheet, (June 1954)
e DYNAMIC (17) 13 North American Aviation, lnc., "Stainless Steel-Typ e
........ __ ;
0 STATIC (20)
16 304 ", Ihta Sheet, (1957)
0 400 800 1200 14 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporatio n, "Alleghen y Metal
1600
188 ", Allegbcny Ludlum mue Sheet, (1958)
TEMP F Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporatio n, "Stainless Steel
Fabricatio n", p, 273, (1958)
FIG. 3.G621 MODULL'S OF ELASTICITY AT ROOM The Tim ken Roller Bearing Company, Steel and T\Jbe
AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES Division, ''Digest of Steels", p. 56-57, (1957)
17 The T!mlcen Roller Bearing Company, Steel and T\Jbe
(17,p.82) (20,p.l7)
Division, "Resume of High Temperat ure Investigat ions
Conducted During 1948 to 1950", p. 82, (1950)
Westingho use Electric Corporatio n, Standards Engineer
log Section, "Bettis Plant Materials Manual", (May 1957)
Simmons, W. F. and Cross, H. C., '"The Elevated
Temperat ure Properties ot Stainless Ste.ls ", ASTM STP
No. 124, p. 5, (1952)
20 Garofalo, F., Malenoclc, P. R, and Stnitb, G. V,, '"The
40
TYP 304 lnlluence of Temperat ure on tbe Blastic Constants of
Some Commerc ial Steels", Symposium m Determina tion
of Elastic Constants , ASTM STP No. I29, p. 17, (June
25, 1952)
30
::.!= --.l<: -- r--. 21 Universal Cyclops Steel Corporatio n, ''High Temperat ure
~-- ~
... 22
Metals Uniloy 188S (AISI Type 304)", p, 22, (1959)
Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporatio n, "Stainless Steel
Handbook", p. 66, (1956)
20 23 NASA (E-502), (1959)
e ~J 9;012 IN SHBBT 50?1) CR (LOW C) (49)
0 T 24 Furman, T., AIME, (1950)
- - 0, 750 IN DIA BAj,ANN (51 l 25
26
Timken Roller Bearing Co., Data Sheet, (1959)
NACA TN 2890, (1953)
IO 27 Cross, T., ASME, (1934)
-400 300 200 100 0 28 AMS 5567, (January 31, 1964)
100
29 United States Steel, "Data on USS 188S, Type 3M and
TEMP F USS 188L Type 304L Stainless Steel", (Aprlll96 2)
30 "Englneer lng Alloys Digest, lnc., "Alloy Digest Filing
FIG, 3.0622 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT ROOM AND LOW C:OOO: SSSS Stainless Steel, (May 1957)
TEMPERATURES (49)(52) 31 National T\Jbe Division, Unite<' States Steel Corp, ''Pipe
and T\Jbes for Elevated Temperat ure Service", adletln
No. 26, (1956)

CODE I :503
PAGE 18
 Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS

\..,) 32 Spremak, J. w., et. al., ''Notched and Uonotched Tensile Fe

and Fatigue Properties of Ten Engineerin g Alloys at 25"C
and 196" K", Transactio ns Amer. Society for Metals, Low C
Vol. 43, (1951)
33 Fontana, M. G., ''Investiga tion of Mecban.lcal Properties 19 Cr
and Physical Metallurg y of Aircraft Alloys at Very Low
Temperat ures", WADC-TR5662, Pan ll, Ohio State Ni
University Foundatio n, (October 1958)
10
34 Zambrow, J. L. and FontsnB, M. G., "Impact Strength
and Hardness of Aircraft Alloys Down to -423" F", TYPES304,
Metal Progress, Vol. 53, (1948)
35 The Internatio nal Nickel Co., Inc., "Low Temperat ure 304 L
Oats Sheet Type 304 and 304L Stainless Steels", (Feb-
ruary 1963)
36 The Internatio nal Nickel Co., Inc., "Heat Treatmen t and
Physical Properties of the Austenitic C!tromlum -Nlckel
Stainless Steels", Nickel Alloy Steels, Section 7, Dilts
Sheet A, (194 7)
37 Tipton, c. R., Jr., Editor, "Reactor Handbook", 2nd
Bdltlon lntersclen ce Publishers , New York, (1960)
38 "Cryogeni c Me.terlals Data Handbook", ML-TDR- 64-280,
Manln Co., Denver, (August 1964)
39 Hanson, M.P., "Smooth and Sharp-Not ch Tensile Proper
ties of Cold-Redu ced AISI 301 and 304L Stainless Steel
Sheet at 75", and -423F", National Aeronauti cs and
Space Administr ation, NASA TN D-592, (February 1961)
40 American Society for Metals, ''Metals Handbook", Vol.
I, 8th Edition, (1961)
41 The Carpenter Steel Corporatio n, "Working Data -Car-
penter Stainless and Heat Resisting Steels", (1962)
42 McDowell , D. W.,Jr.and Mlhallsln ,J. L., "Zerolllng
Boosts Strength of Stainless Sheet", Materials In Design
Engineerin g, Vol. 53, No. 5, (May 1961)
43 Desisto, T. S. and Carr, F. L., "Low Temperat ure
Mechanic al Properties of 300 Series Stainless Steel and
Titanium'" , Watenown Arsenal Laborator ies, MS-22,
(August 1960)
44 Rice, L. P., Campbell, J. B. and Simmons, W. F.,
"Tensile Behavior of Parent Metals and Welded 5000
Series Aluminum Alloy Plate at Room and Cryogenic
Temperat ures'", Cryogenic Engineerin g Conferenc e, Ann
Arbor, Michigan, (August 1961)
45 Guntner, C. J. and Reed, R. P., ''The Effect of Bxperi-
mental Variables Including the Manensld c Traosform a-
don on the Low Temperat ure Properties of Austenitic
Stainless Steel", !!:!!!!!! ASM, Vo1. 5~, (1962)
46 Watson, J. F. and Christian, J. L '"Low Temperat ure
Propertie s of Cold Rolled AISlTyp'' s 301, 302, 304BLC
and 310 Stainless Steel Sheet,'" ASTM STP 287,(1960 ),
p.170
47 Hall, L. R., "Tensile and Impact Properties of Cast
Stainless S~eels at Cryogenic Temperatu res'", ASTM
STP No. J2, (1961)
48 Repub' " Sterol Corporatio n, '"Republic Enduro Stainless
Steel, Chromium Nickel Type 300 Series,"( 1964)
49 Christian , f, L., ''Physical andMecha nlcal Propenles of
Pressure Vessel Materials for Application In a Cryogenic
Environme nt'", ASD TDR 62-~58, General Oynamlcs /
Astronaut ics, (March 1962)
so The Babcock & Wilcox Company, ''The Long Time Creep
Rupture Strength of Croloy 304'"
st) Moon, D. P. and Simmons, w. F., "Selected Shon-Tim e
Tensile and Creep Dilts Obtained Under Conditions of
Rapid Heating'", DMIC Repon 130, Oune 17, 1960)
52 Warren, K. A. and Reed, R. l?., '"Tensile and Impact
Propertie s of Selected Materials from 70 to 300"K'",
Monngrap h 63, Nationall hreau of Standsrda , Oune 1963)

[ CODE 1303
l
 FeA
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
,\ .,.
...

'TABLE 3 011
l, GBNBRAL .JIM~ (3 .
Type 305 stainless steel Is the member of the 18-8 steel Source AMS 1 AMS 2 Fe
Al!oy Tvne 305
famlly bavlng the highest nickel content considered to ~
wilbln th1s classtflcation. It ls, thetefore, the stainless Form Sheet strlo. olste Wire oaf~tv Wire rlvetlnor 18 Cr
ST
steel with the lowest rate of saaln lwdenlng, It Is used ln !condition
ST ST 12 Ni
sheet, strlp and plate form for dlfflcult drawing, splnoJ.og
and other forming op:rations and ln wire fonn for severe up-
setting, It also becomes less magnetic on cold work than
rhlckness - ln
CR, HR
<o. 025 1'5 o. 025
I
-
I
- -
110 TYPE305
the other 188 steels, particularly Type 301. This steel
has a higher carbon content than Type 304 and, therefore,
Pru max - ks
je(2 ln), min-perc<:!!
Plate ooly.
100
45
100
50
1!0
120
- -
a greater susceptlbUlty to lntergmnular corrosion after
exposure at 800 to 1500 F. The propenles of this alloy 3,02 Mechanical Properties at Room TeVifeerature
are otherwise nearly Identical with those of Type 304 and 3,021 Typical mechanical properties, Ta 3, 021.
are reponed here only as far as they differ from those of
Type 304. There e:<Ists also a free machining g'mde of TABLI! 3 021
the 18-12 composition. ource AISI 4
llov Twe305
l, 01 Commercial Designation. Typ: 305. Form Sh...t strio Plate Wlre
Condition Ann !':nftTemner
1,02 Altemate Designations, 18:8FS stainless steel, AISI Type Feu typ ksl 85 85 85 100
305 austenitic stainless steel, F1'2, typ - ksi 38 35 47 54
~-~ ln), typ-percent so 55 60 58
l, 03 Sp:clficatlons, Table 1, 03, RA-
~ardne"" RB
percent -
80
-- 77
78
74
82
TABLB 1 03
AMS Form Mlilt11nt
Sheet, strip, plate 3,022 Bffect of cold roUlng on tensUe properties of strlp, Fig,
5514A
3,022,
S68SC Wlre, safety
5686A Wlre, riveting
4, FABRICATION

1,04 Composldon, Table 1, 04. 4.01 Forming and Casting

4,011 General, Forming of th1s s r..el dlffers ln vartous respects
from that of Types 301 and 302, bat It ls slmllar to tillit of
TABLB 1 04 Typ 304, B>cause of Its lower saaln hardJnlng, Type 30S
Soun:e AMS I AMS 2)(3 AISI (4)
requires less p:>wer and requires fewer Intermediate anneals
Percent Percent Percent ln multistage forming. Its stretch forming abUity, howevar,
Mln Malt Min Malt Mln Max la lower than that of Types 301 and 302, ~cause nf Its low
Carbon -- 0,12 - 0,08 - 0.12 er elongation.
Manganese
--
2.00 - 2.00
---
2,00 4.012 Deep drawing of thls steel!& usually performed with the

---
SUIcon 1,00 1,00 1.00 same or less reduction ln the first draw than that of Types
Phosphorus 0,040 0,040 0,045 301 and 302, b.lt without lntetmedlate anneals !>:fore the
9Jlfur
Chromium
-
17.00
0,030
19.00
0,030
17.00 19,00
- 0,030
17,00 19.00
second and posslbly !unher draws. The reductions ln these
draws sllould b: consldembly lower than those P<JSSlble for
Nickel 10.00 13,00 10,00 13.00 10,00 13,00 Type 301 which needs llDD.eallng after each :haw, Type 305

-- -- 0,50 - -- --
Molylxlenum o:so also bas a greater tendency to bxome thln at sharp radll
Copper 0,50 than Types 301 and 302, Annooallng Ls necessaty U the
ron Balance Balance Balance hardness exceeds 35 to 40 RC. Bffect of cold rolllng on
hardness of the various s tralgtlt 188 s talnlesa steels, Fig.
4,012,
1,05 Heat T.o:ea.tment 4.013 Splnnlng OP"rations are preferably performed ln 'IYpe 305.
1,051 Anneal or solution treat, 1850 to 20\lO F, 1/2 to 1 br per ln The surface should be kept clean and free from foreign
thickness, 2 br mlnlmum for plate, alr cool ot quench, de particles durlng splnnlng,
pendlng on section size, Cooling to 800 F maximwn should
be withln 3 mln,

1,05 &.Idenabllity, Steel can~ hardened only by cold work and

thls to a lesser degree than the other steels of the 18-8 !am
Uy.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHBMICAL PROPBRllBS

2,01 Payslcal Properties

2.011 Meltlug range, 2550 to 2650 F.
2,012 Magnetic properties, This steells nonmagnetic ln the an
nealed condition. lt becomes sllgtltly magnetic when se
verely cold workeq because of transformation. of austenite
to temte this effect ls less pronounced than fo the other
18-G grades,

2,0Z Cbemlcal Properties

2.021 Geneml corrosion reslsmnce of this steel is slmUar to
that of Type 304.

3, MECHANICAL PROPBRll.BS

3,01 Specl.lled Mechanical Properties

3,011 AMS specl.lled mecbanlcal prop!rties, Table 3. 011.
Fe A
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

Fe Fe-18Cr-12NI
16o STRJP

r:::
...-4
18 Cr CR

~
~
12 Ni
120 ..)
Fw ~

~~
TYPE 305 i!j
~___.
8
v
40 /

0~--
e(21N)

0
h ....___.
10 20 30 40 so 60
REDUCTION - PERCE'NT

FIG. 3. 022 EFFECT OF CO.LD ROLLING ON TENSILE PROPERTIES

OF STRJP (5. p. 7)

._ -L Fe-18Cr12NI
SH ET
80
A~N RB

_,_, RC
CR 40%\ / 20%
"'
3: 40
:.:
u
;.

--
0
"-'
"' 20 REFERENCES
301 302 30~ 305
TYPE AMS 5514 A, (Feb. 15, 1952)
AMS 5685 C, (Feb. 15, 1952)
l'IG. 4.01l eFFECT OF COLD ROLLING ON I'IIIUJ J AMS 5686 A, (Feb. IS, 1952)
NESS OF THE VARJCJUS s~RAIGHT 1H-H 4 American Iron and Steel Institute, ''Stainless nnd Heat Resisting
STJ\Ji'<LESS STEELS Steels -Type 305,"' Steel Products Manual, Uune 1957)
5 Allc;.heny J .\Xllum Steel Corporation, "'Ali<-ghcny M<'lnl 18-H,
Allcghen!' -udlum Blu" Sheets, (1948)
6 Allegheny Ludlum, (1959)
AUTHOR- MPDC
Fe A
REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GENERAL
These austenitic stainless steels contain considerably
more chromium and nickel than steels of the 18-8 Fe
family. These increase their resistance to high temper-
ature oxidation. Like most of the unstabillzed 18-8
25 Cr
steels, they are subject to intergranular carbide 20
precipitation in the temperature range of 800 to 1600F
Ni
which may make them wlnerable to attack by
condensation or other corrosive media. Wrought Types 310
products are available with two carbon contents; AISl
Type 310 with 0. 25 and AISI Type 310S with 0. 08 3105
percent maximum carbon. Castings are also produced
in two grades, CK-20 with 0. 20 percent carbon
maximum and HK with 0.20 to 0.60 percent carbon.
The lower carbon varieties are used where corrosion
resistance to liquid media is of prime Importance. The
formability of the wrought forms Is inferior to that of
Type 302 but the Type 310 steels possess good
weldabllity.

1. 01 Commercial Designation
Wrought Types 310 and 310S Cast CK-20 and HK.

1. 02 Alternate Designations
Wrought: 25-20 stainless steel, AISI Types 310 and
310S austenitic stainless steels.

1. 03 Specifications
Table 1.03

TABLE 1,03

AMS Type Form Military

5365A 310 Castinge, sand
5366A 310 Castings, precision
investment
5521E 310S Sheet, strip, plate
5572E 310S Tubing, seamless
5577A 310S Tubing, welded
5651I 310S Bar, forgings, tubing
5694E 310 Wire, welding MIL-R-5031, Class 3
5695} 310 Electrode, coated welding MIL-E-6844, Class 3

1. 04 Composition
1. 041 AMS compositions, Table 1. 041.

TABLE 1.041

Source AMS 13\14\15\16\ AMS i!}(2) AMS(7) AMS (8)

Type 310S :uo 310 310
Percent Percent Percent Percent
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
Carbon
Manganese
-
-
0.08
2.00
O.lO(a)
-
0.18
2.00
-
1.25
0,15
2.50
0.09
1.25
0.20
2.50
Silicon (c)
-
0.75(C) 0,50 1.50 0.25
-
0,60 - 0.75
Phosphorus
-
0,040 - 0.040 0.030 - 0,040
Sulfur
Chromlun 24.0
0.030
26.0
-
23.0
o.04o(b>
26.0
-
26.0
0.025
28.0
-
25.0
0.030
27.0
'
!
Nickel 19.0 22.0 19.0 22.0 20.50 22.50 20.0 22.0
Molybden11m - 0.50 - 0.50 - 0.50 - 0.50
Copper
Iron
- Balance
0,50 - Balance
0.50 - 0.50 - 0.50
Balance Balance
i
(a) AMS 5365A only
(b) AMS 53GGA gives 0,030
(c) AlliS 5651D gives o.~o to o. 80
 FEnRO US ALLOYS REVISE D: MARCH 1969

1. 042 AIBI and ACI compositio ns, Table 1. 042.

Fe
25 Cr
TABLE 1,042
20 Ni
Source (9\ (10\ (11\
Typea 310 Type 310 s 310 CK-20 HK
Peroent Percent
3105 Min Max
Percent Percent
Min Max Min Max Min Max
Carbon -
-
0,08 - 0,25 - 0.20 0.20
Manganese
Sllioon -
2,00 - 2,00 - 1.50 -
0,60
2.00
Phosphoru s -
1,50 -
-
1,50 - 2,00 - 2.00
Sulfur -
0,045
-
0.045 - 0,040 - 0.040
Chromium 24,0
0,030
26,0 24.0
0,030
26,0
-
23,0
0,040
27.0
-
24.0
0.040
Nickel 19,0 22,0 28.0
19,0 22.0 19.0 22,0
Molybdenum
Iron
-
Balance
- - Balance
- - -
18.0
-
22,0
0.50
Balanoe Balance

1.05 Heat Treatment

1.051 Anneal or solution treat.
1.0511 2000 to 2150F, 1/2 to 1 hour per Inch thickness, plate
2 hour minimum, water quench or water spray. This
treatment is also recommf'Jilded to restore ductility
after each 1000 hours of service at 1200 to 1950F.
1.0512 Sand casUngs, Type CK-20 (AMS 5365). 2000 to 2100F
1/2 hour minimum, air cool.
1.052 Stress relief. 400 to 750F, 36 to 48 hours.
1,053 Type HK casUngs are not usually subjected to heat
treatment.

1.06 Hardness
1.061 Alloy can only be hardened by cold work. '-
1.062 Effect of shear form percent reduction em hardness of
sheet, Figure 1. 062.

1.07 Forms and Conditions Available

1.071 The steel Is available in the full commercia l range of
sizes for sheet, strip, plats, bar, forgings, tubing
wire and castings.
1.072 All wrought products are available in the annealed 1.093 High pressure hydrogen embrittlem ent. Exposure to
condition. and tesUng In 10000 psi hydrogen produces no
1.073 CasUngs are available in the as-cast or annealed
embrittlem ent as measured by smooth tensile and mild
condition.
note h properties .
1. 0931 Results of tests on annealed rod In high pressure
1.08 Melting and CasUng Practice
hallum and hydrogen, Table 1. 0931.
Electric furnace melt.

1,09 Special Considerat ions TABLE 1.0931

1.091 Elevated temperatu res. Integranul ar carbide
precipitati on can occur after prolonged heaUng in the Source 38 p. 29
range between BOO and 1600F, on slow cooling through Alloy Fe-25Cr-2 0Ni
this range. The tendency to carbide precipitati on will Form 3/8 Inch Diameter Rod
be reduced by lowering the carbon content (as in 310S
Condition Annealed
and this grade Is preferred for welding or when the
service condition could promote carbide precipitati on. Environme nt 10, 000 psi He 10, ooo psi Hz
Sigma formation can occur during prolonged heaUng Hold-Time -Hour I) 0 24
in the temperatu re range between 1200 and 1BOOF. The Ftu - kai 77 78 77.5
tendency to form sigma will he inC>reased by cold work.
The amount of sigma formed In this alloy Is much less e(1. 25 In) percent 56 57 55
than in Sl containing grades such as 314. RA 64 65 69
Notch Strength-k at 116 108 113
1.092 Cryogenic temperatu res. The alloy is free from low
Notch Ductillty (1)
temperatu re strain Induced phase changes which can
percent 20 18 17
produce embrittlem ent In the lower Nl grades (e. g. ,
301 and 302). The crack propagatio n resistance at
cryogenic temperatu res Is excellent In the longitudinal (1) Contraction in area at Notch Speclmm1
direction even for heavily cold worked material. notch root at fracture
However, such material Is characteri zed by a
pronounced mechanica l anisotropy and the crack "600 ~

~
propagatio n reslslance Is considerab ly lower In the
transverse than In the longitudinal direction (see
Figure 3. 03).
Notch Radius ~ 001 Inch
REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 2.04 Nuclear Properties

Similar to Type 304, Fe
2.01 Thermal Properties
2.011 Melting range. 2550 to 2650F. 3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 25 Cr
2.012 Phase changes. Thls steel is subject to precipitation of Ni
carbides at 800 to 1600F. S.01 Specified Mechanical Properties
20
2.0121 Time-temperatu re-transformatio n diagrams. 3.011 AMS specified mechanical properties, Table 3. 011.
2.013 Thermal conductivity, Figure 2. 013. Types 310
2.014 Thermal expansion, Figure 2. 014.
2.015 Specific heat. 0.12 Btu per (lb F). 3105
2.016 Thermal dlffuslvity. TABLE 3.011

2.02 Other Physical Properties Source AMS C31l AMS C6JI AMS (4)(5) AMS C1J
2.021 Density. 0. 29 lb per cu inch, B. 02 gr per cu em. Alloy Tv Ill 310 s TVDB 310
Cast, o. 280 lb per cu inch, Sheet, Tubing, welded Casting,
2.022 Electrical properties. Form strip, Bar and sand
2. 0221 Electrical resistivity for wrought material, nlate seamless
Figure 2. 0221. Anneal
Condition
2. 0222 Cast electrical resistivity, cast 35.5 microhm-Inch.
Outside
2.023
2.0231
Magnetic properties.
This steel Is nonmagnetic. Type HK castings may be
diameter-inch < o312 ko 312
slightly ferro-magnetic.
Ftu.mln - ksl
2.0232 Effect of cold reduction on magnetic permeabillty,
Figure 2. 0232.
ma:t- ksl 100 - 105 100 -
e (21n) -min
2.024 Emittance, Figure 2. 024.
percent 40 -- - - -- -
2.025 Damping capacity.
Tube -- 40 -
2.03 Chemical Properties
Strip - 35 -
Hardness
2.031 Corrosion resistance. Thls alloy has good corrosion
resistance to many media but Is used primarily for
elevated temperature applications because other
stainless steels are more economical for equipment In
BHN -max
RB -max 90
(a) Hot finished. Bars
I - 187(a)
-
-
-
170
-
< o. 25 Inch and cold finished, 229
which resistance to corrosion by liquid media is
necessary. Because of Its high chromium content It
has good resistance to oxidizing and carburizlng
atmospheres. It Is widely used In sulfur-bearing gases
at elevated temperatures. It Is subject to inter-
granular carbide precipitation and loss or lntergranular
corrosion resistance In a manner similar to the 18-8
stainless steels when sm..: .dzad In the temperature
range of 800 to 1500F.
2.032 Oxidation resistance. This alloy Is good for continuous
service up to 2100F maximum and for Intermittent
service up to 1900F. At 1500F or higher In alr or
combustion atmospheres, thls alloy Is superior to
Type 18-8 steel.
2.033 Resistance to salt water corrosion and stress
corrosion is superior to other 300 grade stalnless
steels. Marine exposures produce no evidence of
stress corrosion for annealed or cold rolled material
at o. 9 Fty (37), Table 2. 0331.
The threshold stress for no corrosion cracking In
o. 5 NaCl + 0.1 NaN03ln 300 hours using 40 and 49
percent cold rolled transverse specimens Is at least
equal to the yield strength (37).
2.0331 Results of exposure to marine atmosphere on stress
corrosion of annealed and cold rolled sheet,
Table 2.0331. TABLE 2.0331

Source 37 (p. 140)

Alloy Fe-25Cr-20Ni
Form Sheet
Condition Annealed 40 Percent Cold Rolled 49 Percent Cold Rolled
Thlclmess, lnch 0.050 0.038 0.032
Dlrectim (1) 45 Percent 90 Percent 90 Percent

None No .9 None No .9 None No .9

Exposure (2) Stress Fty Stress Fty Stress Fty

Retained Room Temper-

ature Properties (3)
87 86 86 162 161 1~5 153 152 151
Ftu
48 48 48 8 7 7 7 7 6.5
e(2 ln) percent
(1) Angle between applied stress and rolllng direction.
(2) 15 months at 80 ft lot at Kure Beach.
(3) No specimens falled. Fine pits along rolling marks In annealed
samples.
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED : MARCH 1969

3.02 Mechanical Pro~rties at Room Tem~rature

3.0313 Plate.
Fe 3.021
3.0211
Tension.
3.03131 Effect of low temperature on tensile properties of
Stress-strai n diagrams.
plato, Figure 3.03131.
25 Cr 3.0212 Typical mechanical properties, Table 3. 0212.
3.0314 Bar.
20 Ni TABLE 3.0212
3.03141 Effect of strain rate and low temperature e tensile
properties of bar, Figure 3. 03141.
3.03142 Effect of elevated temperature s on tensile properties
Types310 Source (9) (10) (11) of bar, Figure 3.03142.
3.03143 Scatter bands for elevated temperature tensile
3105 Alloy 310
Typ'lJS Type Type properties of bar, Figure 3. 03143.
and 310 S CK-2( HK
3.0315 Casting.
Form Sheet, Plate 3.03151 Effect of elevated temperature on tensile properties
Bar Wire Casting
strtp of castings, Figure 3. 03151.
3.032 Compressio n.
Condition Annealed Soft Temper Ann. As 3.0321 Stress -strain diagrams.
Cast Aged 3.033 Impact.
Thlclmess .inch 0.062 0.500 3.0331 Effect of welding and low temperature on impact
Ftu - ksi strength of plato, Figure 3. 0331.
95 95 95 125 105 75 75 85 3.0332 Effect of low temperature on impact strength of bar,
Fty - ksi 45 45 45 90 75 38 50 50 Figure 3. 03,2.
e (2 In) percent 45 50 :;o 20 30 37 17 10 3.0333 Effect of exposure time and elevated temperature s on
e (4 D) percent -
-
- - - - - - - impact strength of bar, Figure 3. 0333.
itA percent
Hardness,
65 65 60 60 - - 3.0334 Effect of low temperature on impact strength of
castings, Figure 3. 0334.
BHN - 170 185 - - 144 170 190 3.034 Bending.
RB
Impact strength
85 - 89 - - - - - 3.035
3.036
Torsion and shear.
Bearing.
lzod (Ft lb) - 90 90 - - - 21.5 - 3.037
3.0371
Stress concentratio n.
Effect of low temperature and notch factor on strength
of cold rolled sheet, Figure 3. 0371.
3.03712 Effect of low temperature on sharp notch strength of
cold rolled sheet, Figure 3.03712.
3.0372 Fracture toughness.
3.038 Combined properties.
3. 0381 Comparison of properties at low temperature for
uniaxial and biaxlal states of stress for sheet,
3. 0213 Effect of shear form reduction on tensile properties of Figure 3. 0381.
sheet, Figure 3. 0213.
3.0314 Effect of angle between stress axls and rolling direction 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
on tensile properties of cold rolled sheet, Figure 3. 0214. 3.041 Creep rupture curves at 1000 to 1800F for bar
3.022 Compressio n. annealed at 1700F, Figure 3. 041.
3.0221 Stress-strai n diagrams. 3.042 Creep rupture curves at 1000 to 1800F for bar annealed
3.023 Impact. at 2150F . Figure 3. 042.
3.024 Bending. 3.043 Creep curves for sheet at GOO and 1200F, Figure 3. 043.
3.025 'forsion and shear.
3.044 Short time creep and rupture behavior for sheet at
3.0251 Effect of shear form reduction on shear properties of
elevated temperature s, Figure 3.044.
sheet, Figure 3. 0251.
3.026 3.045 Creep rupture curves for castings at 1400 to 2000F,
Bearing.
3.027 Stress concentratio n, see 3. 037. Figure 3. 045.
3.0271 Notch properties.
3.0272 3.05 Fatigue Properties
Fracture toughness.
3.051 Room temperature S-N curve for annealed bar,
3.028 Combined properties.
Figure 3. 051.
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatur es
3.031 3.06 Elastic Properties
Tension.
3.0311 3.061 Poisson's ratio at elevated temperatura ,
Stress-strai n diagrams.
3.03111 Stress-strai n curves at room temperature and low Figure 3. 061.
3.062 Modulus of elasticity at room temperature and
temperature for bar, Figure 3.03111.
3.03112 Stress-strai n curves for sheet at elevated temperature s, elevated tempP.rature for sheet, Figure 3. 062.
3.0621 Modulus of elasticity at room temperature and
Figure 3. 03112.
3.03113 Typical stress-strai n curves for uniaxlal and biaxlal elevated temperature for bar, <'igure 3. 0621.
3.0622 Modulus of elasticity at room temperature and low
stress at room temperature and low temperature ,
Figure 3. 03113. temperature , Figure 3.0622.
3.0312 3.063 Modulus of rigidity at elevated temperature ,
Sheet.
3.03121 Effect of low temperature on tensile properties of Figure 3.063.
sheet, Figure 3. 03121.
3.03122 Effect of percent reduction and low temperature on
4. FABRICATION
tensile properties of sheet, Figure 3. 03122.
3.03123 Effect of strain rate and elevated temperature on
4.01 Forming and Casting
tensile properties of sheet, Figure 3. 03123.
3.03124 Effect of elevated test temperature on tensile
4.011 General. This alloy can be formed Into most desired
properties of 40 percent cold rolled sheet,
Figure 3. 03124. shapes but it Is generally accepted as being more
3.03125 Effect of elevated test temperature on tensile difficult to form han Type 302. More frequent annealing
properties of GO percent cold rolled sheet, Is usually necessary than wltb 18-8 steels because of
Figure 3. 03125. its slightly lower ductility.
3.03126 4.012 Forging. Starling temperature 2150 F maxlmum,
Effect of elevated test temperature on tensile properties
of 75 percent cold rolled sheet, Figure 3. 03126. finishing temperature 1700 F minimum. No heavy
reductions should be made below 1800 F.
 FeA
REVISED: MARCH IHS FERROUS ALLOYS

~i '
''~,,;;
4.02 Machlnlng. In general, this alloy machlnee in a manner 11
similar lXI Type 302 and the other 18-8 types of stainless
steel which do not contalD sulfur or selenium as free Fe-25Cr-20Ni Fe
machlnlng addltloas. CorrecUy conloured lools and
maintenance of spesds and feeds are requisites for good 10
MEAN COEFFICIENT LINEAR 25 Cr
THERMAL EXPANSION
production. 20 Ni
4.03 ~
4.031 General. The steel can be readily welded by either r.. 9 Typea310
p:;
electric or gas fusion methods. No prebeetlog is required. l>l 3105
4.032 Fusion welding of Types 310, 3108 and CK-20 is ill
preferably performed by the metal arc or inert gas arc
methods. Oxyacetylene welding is DOt recommended
because of possible adver11e effect on corrosion
reslstance by carbon plclmp. Type 310 welding rod
l5
p:;
l>l
ill
i5
8
,"
__ __ . ( 9)
(16)
should be used. Post annealing 1B recommended, unless 'f0 -----
------
(11)
(26)
the welded joint 1B DOt exposed lXI blghly corrosive
environments.
... 7
26)

4.033 Fuston weldlng of HK castloga for high temperature

service 1B preferably done by metal arc welding in the
downhand position using lime coated Type 310 electrodee.
Nettber preweld DOr postweld beatlog ts required. 6~----~--~~--~~--~----~----~
-400 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
4.04 Heating and Iieat Treatlog TEMP-F
See Type 304.
FIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION (9)(16)(11)(26)
4. 05 Surface Treatlog
See Type 304

Fe-25Cr-20N1

.....
ANNEALED+
_, _
0. 1875 Sheet

~
/
--
Fe-25Cr-20Ni
I--
ELECTRICAL
RESISTIVITY
-

v
20
0 400 800 1200 1600
RB = 81 ANNEALED TEMP -F
FIG. 2. 0221 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY FOR
WROUGHT MATERIAL (12)

20
0 20 40 60 80 100
PERCENT REDUCTION
FIG. 1. 002 EFFECT OF SHEAR FORM PERCENT REDUCTION
ON HARDNESS OF SHEET (25)

1.005 I

20
Fe25Cr-20Ni

--- (12) /v
><
E-4
~
~
l>l
~
l>l
1.004
v
....- -
H=ZOO OERSTEDS -
Fe-25Cr-ZON1

/ ill 1.003
~

/ !-<

8
0
/
400
/
BOO 1200 1600
~
Cl
~
1.002

1.001
H= 50 OERSTEDS
I
- ,_...

0 ~0 40 60 80
TEMP -F
COLD REDUCTION - PERCENT
FIG. 2. 013 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (12) FIG. 2.0232 EFFECT OF COLD REDUCTION ON
MAGNETIC PERMEABILITY (32)
Fe A
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1969

\,,,J
180
1.0
Fe-25Cr-20Nl
Fe "'
~!il
COLD ROLLED SHEET
Fe-25Cr-20Nl
25 Cr 160 ....-! 180
u.s ~
20 Ni HEATED 2100F,
"'H 15 MIN IN AIR
~
FTU ~
Types 310 ;:; I 140 160
~ 0.6
310 s ~
~
~
p;

"'
:I:
p.
0.4
TOTAL HEMISPHERICAL
'"'
120
FTY
---... .......
140
~
I
><
I ----1 rt'
~ EMISSIVITY
I
- - A S ROLLED

"'= 0.2 --SAND BLASTED 100 - 40 PERCENT COLD ROLLED

0.032 INCH
120
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
0 49 PERCENT COLD ROLLED
TEMP -F 0.039 INCH
f-4
FIG. 2.024 EMITTANCE (19) z 80 100
"'~
l'l
10
~ 0
p. e(2 IN)

0 30 60 90
ANGLE - DEGREES
FIG. 3,0214 EFFECT OF ANGLE BETWEEN STRESS AXIS
AND ROLLING DffiECTION ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF COLD ROLLED SHEET
(37) Table 2

200
"' ,
Fe -25C r-20N!

160
,1875 SHEET
ANNEALED PLUS 0/
W~
SHEAR FORMED

Fn1
120
v
~/; FTY
80

40

(
v L
T
FTU

...
0 0
FTY

6
e

110
Fe-25C-20Nl
.1875 SHEET
ANNEALED PLUS
60 EACH POINT AVERAGE 100
3 TESTS
I

40
1\ ~ 90

0
\ iE
'"' 80
EACH POINT AVERAGE
3 TESTS AT

"'
ROOM TEMPERATURE

0
0 20
r---.. e(2 IN)

40 60
- 80
PERCf::NT- REDUCTION PERCENT -REDUCTION
FIG. 3.0213 EFFECT OF SHEAR FORM REDUCTION ON TENSILE FIG. 3.0251 EFFECT OF SHEAR FORM REDUCTION ON
PROPE:!11ES OF SHEET (25) SHEAR STRENGTH OF SHEET (25)
 REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

.~
Fe-25Cr-2 0Ni Fe
O. 750 DIAMETER BAR ANNEALED 25 Cr
20 Ni
Types 310
3105

44
_..--1-
I

Fe-25Cr-2 0Ni ~
20 ~----~----~----~-----+----~----~
062 SHEET ANNEALEijl
40
v TEST CONDITIONS

36
I METHOD OF HEATING
=RESISTA NCE

I
0 .12 .24 .36 .48 .60 .72
HEATING RATE = 200F /SEC
STRAlN - IN PER IN
STRAIN RATE= 0.001 IN/IN/SEC
STRESS- STRAlN CURVES AT ROOM TEMPERA TURE 32
FIG. 3.03111
AND LOW TEMPERA TURE FOR BAR (23)
1/ l bOoF
28
r
I/
1-- 800F
-
~ 24
1/ 1000F
-
120!!:_
~
20
1---- 1400F

16
71~
(/
1600F

/
1/
12
1800F

/
8
I
2000F

0
0
v 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005
2200F

0.006 0.007
STRAIN -IN/IN
FIG. 3.03112 STRESS'lT RAIN CURVF.S FOR SHEET AT
ELEVA'r;m TEMPERA TURE (28)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1919

Fe
25 Cr
20 Ni
Typea 310
3105

280
l_I I I
240

200
- 2 s t : : : (SPECI NO. i 7)
aI v -
UNIAXIAL (SPEC NO, USL 5)j

13.0

~:1 BIAXIAL (SPEC NO. BS 32)

II I I I
160 ~ f-:.i:l BIAXIAL (SPEC NO, BS 20)

ifJ
ry:,pNIAXlf-L (SP~ NO, ,USL 2) 'I
:1 BIAXIAL (SPEC NO. BS 26)
120
! I I I
80 - TEST TEMPERATURE :
ROOM TEMP
TEST TEMPERATURE :
ROOM TEMP
_I

40 - ALL SPECIMENS FOR - ALL SPECIMENS FOR

LONGITUDINAL GRAIN LONGITUDINAL GRAIN
0
280

240
-L ~2:~ Bwah
(SPEC NO, BS 31)-
~~(SPEC NO. BS 12)

f;LlJOLO,
{;rz ..
200
L <-1:1 BIAXIAL
I (SPEC
I NO.BS
I 24)
160 - UNIAXIAL (SPEC NO, USL 3)
~ I I I
f.,A:1 B~L (SP~ NO.fS 18)
I
120
I I I
TEST TEMPERATURE :
80 '-----
-105 F - TEST TEMPERATURE :
-423 F

40 - ALL SPECIMENS FOR ALL SPECIMENS FOR

0
LONGITUDINAL GRAIN
_\ _I_ _\ .
LONGITUDINAL GRAIN
I
0 1 2 3 4 50 2 3 4 5
NOMINAL PRINCIPAL STRAIN - PERCENT
FIG. 3,03113 TYPICAL STRESS-sTRAIN Clo"RVES FOR UNIAXIAL AND BIAXIAL STRESS AT
ROOM TEMPERATURE AND LOW TEMPERATURE (20)
 1'"8A
REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

-
{.
:
'
'
Fe
25 Cr
20 Ni

Types 310
3105

230r-----~-----r----~~----~----~----~

Fe-25Cr-20Ni
.125 SHEET ANNEALED

~ 200 1----+---+--__::::'1--:::_::.~,l----l-----l 260

I

J ~
220
I

><
E-o

180
""
L T
0

20 140

zr"'E-o
0 10 100
=
r"'

""
0
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMP -F
FIG. 3.03121 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON TENSU.E PROPERTIES
OF SHEET (20)
t-eA
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1!69

Fe
25 Cr
20 Ni
Types 310
3105
320. ..---....---"" T'"---.----- ::RE=F,.--, (2""9'"")r-:(::-:31:-:-)-:(::-:30::-t)
SHEET SIZE 080 020 020
0
12.5
PERCENT 37. 5
REDUCTION 40 0
60 A
62.5.
75 "'
80 ..
90 0

160 280

120 240

80
200

~
160 I

J:
120

80

80 40

0
-300 -200 -100 0
TEMP -F
FIG. 3.03122 EFFECT OF PERCENT REDUCTION AND LOW TEMPERATU RE ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET (29)(30)(31)

"l.'J
 FeA
REVISED: MARCH 1169 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe
25 Cr
20 Ni

Types 310
3105
90~----r-----r-----r-----r-----r-----,

Fe-25Cr-20Nl

~
0. 062 INCH SHEET
ANNEALED
-

~ i---i---- --lc---1- ---1

70~1
. ~

60~----+-----~~--\.~--~----+-----+-----4
.\.
50~----+-----4-----~----~-----+-----460

~ 40~--~~---4-----+i\4-*~0 --~--~~---450
rt \.
30 !1 \ 40

"\ \'
~r--.___
10~----+-----4---~~~*--+--~~-----420
N
~ ~~
\. ~
O L T STRAIN RATE -.J...~~.-.D.--4-----4 10
IN/IN/SECOND
e . 0001 TO YS, THEN 001 TO RUPTURE f..... ~
60 0 001 TO YS, THEN . 01 TO RUPTURE ~ ~~
0
E-o A . 01 TO YS, THEN .1 TO RUPTURE
~ 0

Ql---~'
~~ 40~----+-~ w~-~~~~--~-----+-----~+-----~
- 'k e(21N)
~ ~-.,.Q/
20L---~L_--~----~==~~~-----L----~
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400
TEST TEMPERATURE -F

FIG. 3. 03123 EFFECT OF STRAIN RATE AND ELEVATED

TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF SHEET

"',_
IV"'

FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1969

Fe
200~~~--~--------------,
FE-25Cr-20N i
o. 020 INCH SHEET
_
\ ...
40 PERCENT COLD ROLLED
25 Cr
20 Ni
Typa310
3105

80~
t 200
Fe-25C r-20Ni
O. 020 INCH SHEE'r
40
160

0
120 160

~ 80
120
0 400 800 1200 1600
TEMPERATU RE - F ~
"'
FIG. 3.03124 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEST TEMPER-
ATURE ON TENSll.E PROPERTIES OF 40
40
80
~I
PERCENT COLD ROLLED SHEET(26)
1:
200 ~------~F-e--2-5-C-r--2-0N~i~--------~
0
"'
40
0.020 INCH SHEET
GO PERCENT COLD ROLLEU L T
0
150
0

80 ~
I

40
E
FIG. 3.03126 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEST TEMPER-
0
PERATUm; ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF 75 PEHCENT COLD ROLLED SHEET
(39)

TEMPERATU RE -F
FIG. 3.03125 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEST TEMPER-
ATURE ON TENSU.E PHOPERTIES OF
60 PERCENT COLD HOLLED SREET
 REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

t' - ";
zzo I I I I Fe
Fe-25Cr-20Ni
25 Cr
180

140
'~ ~
5/8 JNCE PLATE
ANNEAL 21001', 1 HR + WQ 20

Types 310
3105
Ni

FTU.............
~
~ 100
~ ....... ........_
rt' r---.
60

<> e (2 JN) <>

80

v.. ~
> ~
v
70
f-o
z
1>1
~
1>1
llo
60 0
I
RA

~
200
Fe-25Cr-20Nl
750 DIAMETER BAR ANNEALED
50
-400 -300 -200
TEMP -F
-100 0 100
180 \..
~
FIG. 3. 03131 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
(21) 0
PROPERTIES OF PLATE
160

'\ FTU

.... 140 ~
~ 100
~
I

!-
"\
~....
~
120

"'
IZ '"'.
~
80

60
100

~ """ I'-.
"'-.,
~

.
CROSSHEAD
I
RATE
80 IN/MIN ~Tu FTY e RA
' 40 rF
> 005 ... ...
~
-..............
[----.
1 0 0

so 20
e(4D)
-
60

v/
/_
f-'"

~
L'
v-
--- c--.....
-
40 ~
y
20
-400 -300 -zoo -100 0 100

TEMP- F

FIG. 3.03141 EFFECT OF STRAIN RATE AND LOW TEMPERATURE ON

TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR (23)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVIS ED: MARCH 1969

Fe 100

25 Cr
20 Ni 80

Types 310
3105 60 ~
I

g
[
40

Fe-25C r-20Ni
1 INCH BAR 100
20
e 2150F, WQ (GS4 to 6)
0 l700F, AC(GSS)

80
0

60
~
I
::0
40 '"'
[

~
>< 40 1---:::t--..,----l----t----C~----;
20
rt z'"'
l>l
f;!
l>l
0 Po

0
0~----L-----~----L---~~--~--
0 400 --~
800 1200 1600 2000 2400
TEMPER ATURE- F
FIG, 3.03143 SCATTER BANDS FOR ELEVATED TEMPER
ATURE TENSILE.
PROPER TIES OF BAR (15, p, 40-48)

Fe-25Cr- 20Ni
PRECISION INVESTMENT
CAST

e
0 L-----~----~----~----~----~
0 400 BOO 1200 1600 2000
TEMP -F
FIG. 3. 03142 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPER ATURE
ON
TENSILE PROPER TIES OF BAR (13, p. 80)

20L-----~----~------~----~----
~
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
TEMP -F
FIG. 3. 03151 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPER ATURE
ON
TENSILE PROPER TiES OF CASTING (17)
 REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe
Fe-25Cr- 20Nl
.5PLATE 25 Cr
80 20 Ni

Typea310
---; so
6or-----+---~~----_,------+-----,_-- 2150F, WQ 3105
~ e AS RECEIVED PRIOR TO WELD GRAIN SIZE 4/6
o ASWELD ED
!;: 40 C WELDED PLUS ANNEAL (1950F, 1/2 HR) -t----- -1 ~ 60
E-< IECHAR PYV
1<4

40
EXPOSURE
CHARPY KEYHOLE IMPACT TEST 0 1HOUR
e lOOOHOUR
20
0 100 0 400 800 1200 1600
-400 -300 -200 -100
TEMP -F TEMP -F
ON IMPACT FIG. 3.0333 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND ELEVATED
FIG. 3. 0331 EFFECT OF WELDING AND LOW TEMPERATURE TEMPER ATURE ON IMPACT STRENGTH
STRENGTH OF PLATE (24)
OF BAR (13, p, 80)

----~----~-----,
loor-----~-----r-----,,-

Fe-25Cr- 20Nl
750 DIAMETER BAR
ANNEALED
80 Fe-25Cr- 20Nl
60 CASTINGS (TYPE CK-20)
~r---
60~----+------+--~~~----+-----
4-----~
ANNEAL
v
~V /"(so/\
/

... 1 yr--+-:::t-----.1 n~4

0.010R J.nsT .197- ro
20 ,/
v IE IZODV
CHARPY V (1/2 SIZE)
~----~----~
20L-----~----~------~---- 200
-200 -100 0 100 -400 -200 0
-400 -300
TEMP- F TEMP -F

LOW TEMPERATURE ON IMPACT STRENGTH FIG. 3.0334 EFFECT OF LOW TEST

FIG. 3.0332 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURES ON IM-
OF BAR (22)
PACT STRENGTH OF CAST-
INGS (10)

......
feA
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1969

Fe Fe-25C r-20Nl
0.020 SHEET
25 Cr
20 Ni
Types 310
L
T
----
-----
.....
SMOOTH kt= 3.2, 6.3, 19.0

0 c I;.

350
3105 00

0
300
R- 0.025 Kt = 3.2
R = 0.010 Kt = 6.3

150

~ 200r---~~----~----~~~=--+------+-~~nrl
z

100L-----~----~~----~----~------~----~
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMPERATURE- F

FIG. 3.0371 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE AND NOTCH

FACTOR ON STRENGTH OF COLD ROLLED SHEET.
(27)

350
Fe-25Cr-20NI
O. 020 INC II SHEET
75 PERCENT COLD ROLLED
300
L T

o Ftu
250 ... C Fty
6. SHARP NOTCH

~
200

150

100
-300 -200 -100 100
TEMPERATURE-F
FIG. 3.03712 EFFECT OF CRYOGENIC TEST TEMPERATURE ON SHARP
NOTCH STRENGTH OF COLD ROLLED SHEET (39)
 REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

'\.__, 280 .---.,.-----,---.,.----....,.---.,.---~

Fe-25Cr-20Ni Fe
.125 SHEET
240 1---4'-.,..,....~IIIN---+-- 3/4 HARD CONDmON 25 Cr
20 Ni
2001---- Typea310
STATE OF 3105
STRESS L
1:0--- 2'40
2:1--
1:1---
200

10

160 8
~ ~
I
I>< 6
!-<
r..
10 120
4

0~--~~--~----~----~----~ ----J
-400 -100 0
-300100 -200 1 10 100 1000
TEMP -F TIME -HOUR
FIG. 3.042 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES AT 1000 TO 1800F
FIG. 3. 0381 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURES FOR BAR ANNEALED AT 2150F (13)
FOR UNJAj\IAL AND BIAXIAL STATES OF STRESS FOR
SHEET (20)

Fe-25Cr-20Nl
801-------~-----
1 INCH BAR
601---~~~~---4- 1700F, AC
(G!:l, 8)
I

Fe-25Cr-20Nl
40 0.050 INCH SHEET
10
~ 2000F, AC
8

6 1200F
20

RUPTURE

10 100 1000
TIME -!lOUR TIME-HOUR
FIG. 3.041 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES AT 1000 TO 1800F FIG. 3.043 CREEP CURVES FOR SHEET AT 1200
FOR BAR ANNEALED AT 1700F (13) AND 1600F (14,flg. 24, p. 43)
 FERR OUS ALLO YS REVISED: MARCH 1969

.
\ ,
Fe
25 Cr
20 Ni
Types310
3105 30
25 Fe-25Cr- 20Nl TEST TEMPER A'llJRE 1400F
20 .062 SHEET
ANNEAL IN._ ~ r....._
15
PLASTIC CREEP ~- ....... I'

-~-- t--
10
L T STRAIN PERCEN T 1'--., r-r-
9
X l( RUPTUR E
8
0 10 1600F
25
0 8

20

15

10
.....
II.

0
A

0
c
I>.
!:>.
.5
.2
6
4
2
1 --
........._
1--
,. '""'
I 1-

,....
~~

--- -
~ --...
E!: ~[a
~ ,_
_a.,.tJ

~~ ~
8
7
\5
9
0 .05
'
1800F
-:::- '""' <.::::
--
10 ~ Ia-. .... ..
---
9
8
7
~

-:-- -- --
- ;;;;;;;. ~
f-
.._ ~ !:,.!" ...
6
5
~

- ~~
--.;

-..... F...:...
b
~
::--- r-;;::: ::;:::; b.

~
4

3
r--..
-- ~

2000F
6 h ,.}\

5
........... ..;;;., ~~~
"'
4 r-- r-..~
y..,..., ~

3 --.....__ '
' I'-.
r---... .......... ""
.....~
2 r.... .........

3 2!00F
"' I
2

1
.1 .5 1
-- 5
...........

10
_""

50 100
........
........__

I--...
~
-..... .........--r--
........... ,_
.. 1--
I':: .""'-t""-
~ ~ :;: .....
r----: r-....
~ t'--
~
...
I'- ,.
'!"'>'

TIME - SECONDS
FIG. 3.044 SHORT TIME CREEP AND RUP'llJRE BEHAVIOR FOR SHEET
AT ELEVATE D TEMPERA TURE (28)
 REVISED: MARCH 1969 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe-25Cr-20N1 Fe
CASTINGS (TYPE HK)
AS CAST
25 Cr
20 Ni

Types 310
.4 3105

-
Fe-25Cr-20Nl

~~ _./~
.3
!!'
4
~
f!l .2
~

.1
10 100 1000 0 400 800 1200 1600
TIME -HOuR
TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.045 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES
FOR CASTINGS AT 1400 TO FIG. 3.061 POISSON'S RATIO AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE
2000F (33)
(11)

i
~.:
<
t~

I!
.,
... "'
i
r~
f Fe-25Cr-20NI
75 DIAMETER BAR
~
~ 80
ANNEALED
'
~. \ AXIAL LOAD ROOM
TEMPERATURE TEST
[\ R= -1
70
f

I. \
/
60

lil 50
:.:

40

30

20
10
CYCLES
FIG. 3.051 ROOM TEMPERATURE S-N CURVE FOR ANNEALED BAR (35)

,.
"
 r t:.tUiU U5 ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 196e

Fe Fe-25Cr- 2om
25 Cr BAR

20 Ni
Typea310
3105
e DYNAMIC (13)
0 STATIC (18)

~~---
0
-~----~----~----~
400
800 1200 1600
32 TEMPERA TURE - F
I I
Fe-25Cr-2 0N1
I FIG. 3.0621 MODULUS OF ELASTIC ITY AT ROOM
AND ELEVATE D TEMPERA TURES
.l__ .062 INCH SHEET (13)(18, p. 17)
28
ANNEAL -
' I'~
24
" '
~ "...,.
20
4
~
~ 16
~

i.
0
0
....
0

STRAIN RATE CHANGE INCH PER

,'\\
I
12 INCH PER SECOND
r 0
0
o. 0001 - o. 001
0.0001 - 0.01 ~\
E 0.001 -0.1
~ <>
8 1\
,,t \
t
~:
~~
4
UNFILLED SYMBOL 15 MlNUTE HOLD
FILLED SYMBOL 2 MINUTE HOLD
\~

( 0
0
STATIC MODULUS

400 BOO 1200 1600

TEST TEMPERA TURE - F
2000 2400

FIG. 3.062 MODULUS OF ELASTIC ITY AT ROOM AND E!.EVATE

D TEMPER
ATURE FOR SHEET (28)
35

.0.
~
Fe-25Cr-2 0N1
SHEET
~
30 ..... 4
... ~

~
0
0
....
0
25

20
REFEREN CE
(27)
(20)
.020 SHEET
.125SHEE T
L

T
0
.0.
-
3/4 HARD
CONDITION

15 I I I I
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMPERA TURE - F .
~ '

FIG. 3.0622 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT ROOM AND LOW

TEMPER -
ATORE (20)(27)
 ALLVT:::i

u~----~----~----~----~----~ 22. Warren, K.A. and Reed, R.P., ''Tensile and Impact
Fe-25Cr-20N1 Properties of Selected Materlals from ZO to
300 Degrees K", NBS Monograph 63 (June 1963)
Fe
ANNEALED
23, Gantner, C.J. and Reed, R.P., ''The F..Uect of 25 Cr
Experimental Variables Including the l'&arlensltic
Transformallon on the Low-Temperstl!!'a Mechanlcal 20 Ni
Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels", Trans
ASM, Vol. 55 (1962)
24. Krlvabok, V.N. and Thomas, R.D. Jr., ''Impact Typea310
Tests of Welded Austenitic Stainless Steels", 3105
Reprint from the Welding Journal Research Supple-
ment (Sept 1950) by the International Nickel Company,
6L-----~--~----_.-----L----~ Inc. ~eb. 1958)
0 400 800 HOO 1600 25. Jacobs, Frank, "Mechanical Properties of Materials
Fabricated by Shear Forming", ASD-TDR-62-830
TEMPERATURE - F
(Feb. 1963) contract number AF33(616)-7874,
FIG. 3.063 MODULUS OF mGJDITY AT ELEVATED Temco Electronics and MlssUes CompP.ny, Dallas,
TEMPERATURES (34) Texas
26. Furman, D.E., "Thermal ExpanslonCharacterlstlcs
of Stainless Steels Between -300 and 1000 degrees F"
Jollrnsl of Metals (Aprl11950) Transactions A::ME,
Vol. 188
27. Christian, J.L., "Phy&lcal and Mechanlcal Properties
of Pressure Vessel Msterlsls for Appllcstlon ln a
Cryogenic Environment", ASD-TDR-62-258 (March
1962)
REFERENCES 28. Rabenstelne, A.B., ''MeciUIIllcal P:o:perties of 310,
316 and 316L Btainless Steel Sheet Alloys at ElevatOO
1. AMS 5365 A, (June 1, 1951) Temperalllres", contract number AF33(657)-8706,
2. AMS 5366 A, (Dec. 1, 1951) Project 281 (Dec. 1962) The Marquardt Corporation,
3. AMS 5521 B, (March 1, 1955) Van Nuys, CalHornla.
4. AMS 5572 B, (March 1, 1955) 29. Hooper, A. F., ''Compilation of Materlsls Research
5. AMS 5577 A, (March 1, 1955) Dsta", 1st Quarterly Progress Report Phase I
6. AMS 5651 D, (Jan. 15, 1960) (MRG-293) (June 1962 to Sept. 1962), AF33(616)-7984,
7. AMS 5694 B, (Jan. 15, 1959) Task 738103, Convair, Astronautics Division,
B. AMS 5695 A, (June 1, 1951) General Dynamics Corporation
i
9. American Iron and Steel Instilllte, "Btainless and Heat so. Hooper, A. F., ''Compllstlons of Materials Research
t Resisting Steels", Steel Products Manual (June 1957) Dsta", 2nd Quarterly Progress Report Phase I,
"-~" 10. Alloy Casting lrlslllllte, ''Corrosion Resistant Type AR-692-1-329, (Sept. 1962 to Dec 1962)
CK-20 11 , Data Sheet (June 1954) AF33(616)-7984, Task 738103, Convair, Astronautics
11. Alloy Casting Instilllts, ''Heat Resistant Type HK", Division, General Dynamics Corporation
Dsta Sheet (March 1957) 31. Watson, J.F. andChristlan, J.L. "ASilldyof
12. Hogan, C.L. and Sawyer, R.B., "Thermal Austenite Decomposition at Cryogenic Temperalllres",
Conductivity of Metals at High Temperature", ERR-AN-057, 3rd Quarterly Progress Report
Journal of Applied Physics, American lnstilllte of Phase I (June 9, 1961), Convair, Astronautics
Physics, Vol. 23 (Jan -Dec. 1952) Dlvlslon, General Dynamics Corporation
Ill. Tlmkln Roller Bt>arlng Company, ''Digest of llteeie 32. Post, C.B., Eberly, w.s., ''Stshillty of Austenite
for High Temperalllre llervlce" (1957) ln Stainless Steel", Trans. American Society of
14. Mlller, J., Smith, M.L. and Porter, P. K. Metals, 39, (1947, page 868)
''Utillzallon of Low Alloy Materials for High Temper- 33. Garofalo, F., Malenock, P.R., Smith, G.V.,
alllre Service Appllcations", AFTR-No. 5929 "'The Influence of Temperalllre on the Elastic
(June 1949) Constants of Some Commercial Steels", ASTM-
15. Simmons, W.R. and Cl'oss, H.C., ''The Elevated Bpeclal Technlcal Publlcstlon No. 129, (1952, page 10)
Temperalllre Properties of Stainless Steels", 34. Garofalo, F., ''Temperature Dependence of tho
ASTM-BTP-No. 124 (1952) Elastic Modull of Several Stainless Steels",
1G. Jones and Laughlln Steel Corporation, "Sta nless Proceedings, ASIM-60 (1960)
Steel, J and L Type 310 Stainless Steel", Data Sheet 35. Smith, H. W., Hlrchherg, M.H. f>lanson, S,S.,
(July 25, 1958) "Fatigue Behavior of Materlsla under Strain Cycllng
17. Haynes Stelllte Company, ''Haynes Type 310 Btainless ln Low and Intermediate Life Range", NASA,
Steel", Data Sheet (1959) TN-D-1514 (Aprl11963)
18. Garofalo, F., Malenock, P.R. andSmithG.V., 36. Allegheny-Ludlum Steel Corp. Research Laboratory
''The Influence of Temperalllre on the Elastic Brackenridge, Pa., Data Sheet 112-73058-310,
Constants of Some Commercial Steels", Symposium ''Room and Elevated Temperalllre Tensile Properties
on Detel'lilinatlon of Elastic Constants, ASTM -BTP of Cold Rolled Type 310 (1958)
No. H9 (June 25, 1952) 37. B. L. Logan and M. J. McBee, "Stress Corrosion
19. DeCorso, S.M. andColt, R.L., "Measurement of Cracking of Cold Reduced Austenitic Stainless Steels",
Total Ellll.toslvities of Gas-Turbine Combustion ASTM Materlsls Research and Standards (April 1967-
Materials", ASME, Vol77 (1955) page 137)
20. McClaren, s. w. and ForeiDSD, C.R. ''Cryogenic 38. R.J. Walter and W.T, Chandler, "Effec:ta of High
Design Data for Matsrlals Subjected to Un1axlal S:ld Pressure Hydrogen oc Metals", Rocketd-JDB
Multiaxlal Stress Field", AFML-TR-65-140 R-7234-2, NASA contract NAB 8-19, (March 29,
(May 1965) 1968)
21. DeS!.sto, Thomas S., "Low Temperature Mechanical 39. G.B. Espey, 'M.H. Jones and W.. F. Brown Jr.,
Properties of Base and Weld Deposits of Selected ''Factors Influencing Fraalllre Toughness of Sheet
Austenitic Stainless Steel", AMRA-TR-63-08 Alloys forUae ln Light Weight Cryogen!c Tankage",
(July 1963) BTP-302, ASTM (19G1 -page 140)
 Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GENERAL TABLE 2 013

This nol.;;at treatable stainless steel Is generally used Source 7 Fe
In ::.., annealed condition. ln this condition It possesses IAllov Fe-25Cr20N12SI
excellent general corrosion resistance and has the high- Btu ft~~119.It F 25 Cr
est resistance :o scaling and carburization of any of the Temp - F
amtunltlc Cr-Ni alloys. It Is used primarily for parts 212 10.1 20 Ni
932 12.1
atd we:lded as,;emblies requfrlng both corrosion and oxl- 2 Si
datiora resistance up to 2000 F. Its high silicon content
impra1es corrosion resistance over other austenitic Cr-NI 2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2. 014.
steels, but with some sacrifice In ductility and welclablllty. 2.015 Specific heat. 0.12 Btu per (lb F), 32 to 212 F, (5) (7). TYPE 314
This alloy Is subject to embrlttlement after long-time ex-
posure at 1200 to 1600 F, (2) (5) {7). 2.02 Other Physical Properties
2.021 Density. 0. 279 lb per cu ln. 7. 72 gr per cu em, (5) (7).
1.01 Commercial Designation Type 314. 2.022 Electrical resistivity. 30,31 microhm-In at 68 F, (7).
2.023 Magnetic properties. Alloy Is nonmagnetic.
1.02 Alternate OP.slgnatlon. SAE 30314.
2.03 Chemical Properties
1.03 Specifications. Table 1. 03. 2.031 Corrosion resistance. This alloy has excellent general
corrosion resistance, comparable to 18 Cr-8 Nl austenitic
TABLE 1 03 stainless steels. It Is slightly Inferior to Type 310 under
AMS Form IMI11tary wet corrosion conditions, (7).
5652 B Bar, forgings, flash welded rings, - 2.0311 Type 314 exhibits good resistance to fuming nitric acid at
mechanical tubing room temperature and to fused nitrates up to 800 F, (7).
5522 B Plate, sheet, strip - 2.0312 This alloy Is particularly recomnaended for handling S02
gas, but Is Inferior to Type 311 where a high percentage
of so3 Is present, (5).
1.04 Composition. Table 1. 04. 2.032 Oxidation resistance. Type 314 has the highest scale re-
sistance of any of the austenitic Cr-NI stainless steels, be-
cause of Its high silicon content and lower coefficient of
TABLE 1 04 expansion, tending to form a more tightly adherent film,
AMSI2 AMS 1) Allov Diltest particularly In the range 1200 to 1600 F, (5) (7).
!Source
Percent Percent Percent 2.0321 Recommended maximum operating temperatures are 1900 F
Min Max Mli1 Max Min Max for Intermittent service and 2100 F for continuous service,

Carbon
Chromium
- 0.18 - 0.12
23.00 25.00 23.00 25.00
-
23.0 26.0
0.25 2.033
(7).
Other chemical properties
2.0331 This alloy has outstanding carburlzatlon resistance, higher
Copper
Manganese
- - -
1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00
0.50 -
-- 2.00 than Type 310 because of Its greater silicon content. Car-
burlzatlon susceptibility, Fig. 2.0331.
Molybdenum
Nickel
- 0.50 - 0.50
19.00 22.00 19.00 22.00
- -
19.0 22.0 2.04 Nuclear Properties
Silicon 1.50 2.30 1.70 2.30 1.50 3.00
P:1osphorus
Sulfur
-
-
0.040
0.030
-- 0.040
0.030
-
-
0.04
0.03
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Iron Balance Balance Balance 3. 01 Specified Mechanical Properties

3. 011 AMS specified mechanical properties for bar, forgings,
flash-welded rings, mechanical tubing, plate, sheet and
strip, Table 3. 011.
1.05 Heat Treaanent
1.051 Anneal (solution treat). 1900 to 2100 F, rapid air cooling TABLE 3 011
(sheet and light plates) or water quench (heavier sections), AMS (1)
Source AMli \~)
(5) (7). Alloy Fe-~Cr-~NI-251
1.052 Final anneal at 1900 F, minimum, Is recommended to re-
Bar, forgings, Sheet,
lieve strain and achieve best corrosion resistance and high Mechanical
Form flash -welded Plate
temperature properties, (5). tubing strip
rings
Condition HR +ST CW+ST CR +51 HR+ST
1.06 Hardenabillty
Alloy can be hardened only by cold work. See 3. 022. Hardness
1.061
BHN, max 187 -
1.07 Forms and Conditions Available RB, min
max
-- -
90
70
95.
1.071 The alloy Is available In bar, sheet, strip, plate, tubing
and wire, (7).
3.02 Mechanical Propenles at Room Temperature
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice. Electric furnace melt. 3.021 Typical mechanical properties for bar, plate, sheet and
wire, Table 3. 021.
1.09 Special Considerations
1.091 Prolonged exposure at 1200 to 1600 F may cause embrlttle- TABLE 3 021
ment tllrough carbide precipitation and sigma phase forma- 4
Sourc,! 5
tlon. DuctUlty may be restored by annealing at 1900 to Fe-25Cr-20Nl-2SI
Allov
1950 F for 10 to 60 min. This treaanent Is recommended Plate S~eet Wire
Form Bar
after 1000 hr exposure at 1400 to 1600 F, (5}(7). See also Ann Hard drawn
Condition
3.023. Thlclaiess - In Qla 0. 002 to 0. 010 0.002 to 0.010
F , ksl 100 100 100 95 to 130 245 to 275
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Ftu, leal 50 50 50 35 to 70 230 to 260
2.01 Thermal Properties (2
e ln)-percent 45 45 40 60 max 1 to 2
2.011 Melting range. 2500 to 2600 F, (5). RA
Hardness
-percent 60 60 - - -
2.012 Phase changes. None.
2.013 Thermal conductivity, Table 2.013. RB 89 89 85 - -

CODE 1306
 'FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

3.022 Bffect of cold work oo room temperature properties of bar,

Fe Pfg. 3.022. t 1. 2 Fe-25Cr-20N I-2Si _1.
3.023 Bffect ofloog-tlme exposu~c ;a: devated temperatures on Ill 0.51N DIA l'ACK CARD
25 Cr room temperature ductility of annealed alloy, Fig. 3. 023. 0

20 Ni 3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperature s

"'~o. 8
t
4'
2 Si 3.031 Short time tension properties of aoncaled bar and sheet at
elevated temperature s. Fig. 3.031.

TYPE 314 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties ~0. -..
3.041
3.042
Creep rupture streugth at 1200 to 1800 F, Fig. 3. 041.
Creep cw:ves for annealed sheet at 1200 to 1800 F, Fig.
0

~
r---
3.042.
~ 0
oo 20 40 60
3.05 Fatigue Properties DHPTH BHLOW SURFACE - IN x 10-3
3.06 PIC. 2.0331 CARBURlZATION SUSCEP'Il-
Hlastlc Properties
3.061 Modulus of elasticity at room temperatur.,, 29,000 ksl, BILITY
(5)
(4) (5).

4. FABRICATION

4.01 Forming and Casting 240 Fe-25Cr-

4.011 An anneal prior to forming operations Is recommended , Nl-251
since the alloy Is susceptible to work hardening. 0.375 IN CW DIA
4.012 Forging. Slartlng temperature at 1900 to 2050 F, maxi-
mum, finishing temperature at 1700 F, minimum. For
upset forgings. work should be finished between 1700 and
1850 F, (5) (6).

4.02 ~
4. 021 General. Because of work hardening the feed should be
as heavy as possible In order to obtain a high metal re-
moval at a relatively low surface speed. Sharp t<lols at
all times are necessary. Sulfurized cutting oils dll uted
with paraffin oil are recommende d, (5) (7).

4.03 Welding
4.031 General. The all<J1 can be welded by gao or arc methods
without the use of pre- or postheat. However, annealing
Is recommende d alter welding for maximwn corrosion re-
sistance, (7).
4. 032 Type 310 electrcdes are recommended , (5).

4. 04 Heating and Heat Treating

4. 05 Surface Treating

14 Fe-25Cr-:Z0N
i-2SI
-{5)
(7)
l1o 12
"'
ll!

- -
MEAN COBF LINBAR
~40
~
THERMAL EXPANSION
_...
.
!:iiO _..._...
Ill
0
"'
~
"''s a - ~
FROM Rr TO TEMP
INDICATED
re20~-- -+~--;-----r-~-;

10000~--- -~~--~~----~-----'
1200 1400 1600 1800
6 HXPCISURE TEMP - F
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 PIG. 3.023 EFFECT OF LONG-IlMll HXPOSURE
TBMP- F AT HLHVATEDTEMPBRATURES ON
PIG. 2.014 THERMAL HXPANSION ROOM TEMPilRATURH DUCTILITY OF
(7)(5) ANNEALED ALLOY
(5)

CODE 1306
 Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe-25Cr-2 llNi-2Si I J Fe-25Cr-2 0Nl-2Si Fe

WROUGHT BAR SfOCK CREEP 25 Cr
OesAR, ANN 1950 F, 30 MIN, WQ 1\{, 2% 5%
12ll
AA0.0351 NSHEET, ANN
V'9'0.040 IN SHEET, ANN 1900 F
-
40
0
v ... A
0. 047 IN, 2000 F, 30 MIN, AC (7)
0. 035 IN. ANN (3)
20 Ni
FTU
2 Si
2-- -
=-- -----.., -
1200 F
~-
80 20 TYPE 314
~-
~ )-.

---
-
...
F'l"Y
~
.......~ --,~ '----
-
1400 F ~-- ......

..
40
~- ~ 10
8
;>...,. '
0

80
0
60
6
1600 F
......
,
-~~ !'-...,-...........
...

.,................ RA
0 t
1'-- ~ / 40~
~ r--~~---
....... ~ '''
,. Dl

'
0 0
\
/
a:;
ll! \'
' 40
..
................
- e(21N)
-
1--_.....
/
20.:::
a:;
2
0.01

FIG. 3.042
0.1 1
TIME -HR
10 1JU 1000

CREEP CURVES FOR ANNEALED SHEET AT 1200 TO 1800 F

(3, p.109-110 ) (7)
2ll 1600
0 800
00 1200
TEST Tl!MP - F
FIG. 3.031 SHORTTI MB TENSION PROPERTIES OF
ANNEALED BAR AND SHEET AT ELEVATE D
TEMPERATURES (3, p. 109-110)

Fe-25Cr-2 0Nl-2Si .!.

v y ANN (7)
~ I IN DIA, 2!00 F, WQ(3)
0
2ll 0.04 n I SHEET. AN 1191111 F 13\

0
8
'-~
'- ~
100 HR

6 ' "S..
..........
"\ !'..... REFEREN CES

1000 HR ", ~ AMS 5522 II, (June 1, 1951)

AMS 5652 B. (Jan. 15, 1960)
',., 2
3 .. Elevated Temperat ure Properties ol. Stalnless Steels..,

1
' ......
--- 1800
4

5
ASTM S. T. P. No. 124, (Jan, 1952)
.. Physical and Mechanica l Properties ol. Some Hlgb-5tre ogth
Fine Wires .., DMIC Memo 80, (Jan. 20, 1961)
Crucible Steel Co. ol. Arnerlca, .. Crucible 314 Stalnless
Steel .., [)a.ta Sheet, 4th Revlsloo, (Feb. 1959)
1200 1400 1600 6 Wyman-G onion Cn., .. Forging Temperat ure for Stslnless
TEST TEMP- F Steels and High Temperat ure Alloys .., Da.ta Sheets, (Jan.l9,
CREEP RUPTURE SfRENGT II AT 1959)
PIG. 3.041
1200 TO 1800 F 7 Alloy Digest, .. AJSl Type 314 , FU!ng Code: SS-100, Stain-
(3, p.109, 110) (7) less Steel, (Feb. 1960)

CODE 1306
 Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
(_)
GENERAL . I.a5 Heat Treatment
1.
The addition of molybdenum to 18-8 type stalnless steel I.a5! Anneal Fe
imparts a corrosion resistance superior to that of other 1. a5U Wrought products. 185a to 215a F, air cool or quench
depending on section size. 195a F minimum for Rheet
18 Cr
austenitic steel grades when exposed to many types of
corrodents. Several varieties of 18-8+Mo are avallable. alloys. 13 Ni
The most widely used wrought product Is Type 316 which 1. a5!2 Castings. 195a to 2100 F, water or oll quench or alr cool.
contains a. 08 percent maximum carbon and 2, 5 percent Low side of temperature range is used for CF 8M, but + Mo
molybdenum. Type 317 contains 3. 5 molybdenum. In CF 12M should be quenched from above 2000 F.
Type 316 L the carbon content Is a. a3 percent maximum. I.a52 Stab!Uze for high temperature service, 1625 to 1675 F,
A free machlnlng grade containing sulfur and 2 to 4 hrs, furnace or air cool. TYPE 316.
phosphorous, as well as a columbium stablllzed grade I.a53 Stress relief. 4aa to 75a F, 1/2 to 2 hr.
(I'ype 318) are also produced. Cast alloys aje CF 3 M
TYPE 317
(simllar to Typ': 316 L) and CF 8 M (similar to Type 3!6) 1.06 Hardenab!llty. Alloy can be hardened only by cold worlc.
and, for higher temperature.appllcations, CF 12 M with
about a. 12 percent carbon. 18-B+Mo Is generally used In 1.07 Forms and Conditions Avallable
the annealed condition, and, for high temperature 1.071 Alloy Is available In the full commercial range of sizes
service, It may be given a stablllzlng heat treatment. for all forms In the annealed condition.
Wrought products are readily formable and weldable. 1.072 Sheet, strip and wire are also available in cold worlced
Castings are also weldable and the metal arc method is conditions having various strengths.
most often used. 1.073 Sand, centrifugal and precision Investment castings are
avallable In the as cast or annealed conditions.
I. 01 Commercial Designation
1. au Wrought alloys. AlSI Types 316, 316 L, 317. 1. a8 Melting and Casting Practice. Electric furnace air melt.
1. a!2 Cast alloys. CF 3 M, CF 8 M, CF 12 M (A. C. I. desig- Consumable electrode vacuum melt.
nations). La9 Special Considerations
I. a91 Prolonged heating at temperatures from 800 to 1600 F
I. a2 Alternate Designations. 18-8 Mo stainless steels, may result in embrlttlement and stress corrosion
18-8 +Mo. sensitivity.
I.a92 Because of Its reduced stress corrosion sensitivity,
I.a3 Specifications. Table I. a3 Type 316 L is recommended when heavy cross sections
cannot be annealed after welding or where low temper
TABLE I a3 ature stress relieving Is desired.
Fnrm Mtlttnrv
53608
53618
-- Castings, Investment
Castings, sand MILS867(Shlps)Class lll 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
and centrifugal
55248 316 Sheet, strip, plate MILS5a59 A(ASG)Comp316 2. 01 Thermal Properties
55738 316 Tubing, seamless 2. 011 Melting range. 2500 to 255a F.
5648C 316 Bar, forgings, forging stock 2. a!2 Phase changes
and mechanical tubing MILS772a Comp MCR 2. 0121 This steel Is subject to precipitation of carbides, !or-
5690B 316 Wire, screen and welding mation of 1errlte and sigma phase on heating at 800 to
56918 316 Electrode, coated welding 16aa F. This "sensitization" Increases with the carbon
5649 l&r, forgings(free machining) content. It Is associated with -embrlttlement and suscep-
forging stock tibility to stress corrosion.
- 3!6 S.;lrur wlr" OO-W-4:1S 2. ai22 Although this steel may transform on severe cold worldng
to a slight extent to ferrite (martensite), the resulting
increase in magnetic permeability is usually very small
1. a4 Composition and the steel can be used under certain conditions which
I. a41 AMS specified compositions for Type 3!6, Table I. 041.
require a nonmagnetic material.

TABLE 1.041

Source AMS (!) AMS (2) AMS (3) (5) (6) (7) AMS (4) AMS .(8)
Castings, invest. CaatiiiJ!II
Percent Percent Percent Pe:pent Percent
Mln Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
Carbon - a. 15 0.15 0.25 - a.08 - 0.08 - a.08

--- ---
Manganese 2.a 2.0 (a) 2,00(a) 1.25 2.00 1.00 2.00
Sill con a. 75 - l.OO(d) -- 1.00 - 1.00
Phosphorus
Sulfur -
0.04
o.a3 -
1. a
0.04
0.04
-- 0.040
a.a30 -
0.040
o.a30
o.u
0.10
a.l7
a.20
Chromium 16.a 18,0 17.a 20.0 17.00 19.00(c) 16.00 19.00 17.00 19,00
Nlclce1 12.0 14.0 12.a 15.0 12.00 14.00 11.00 14.00 12.00 14.00
Molybdenum 1.5 2,25 I. 75 2.5 2,00 3.00(b) 2.00 2.50 1. 75 2.50
Copper
Iron
- Balance
a. 50 - Balance
- - Balance
a. 50 - Balance
0.50 - Balance
a. 50

(a) AMS 5648C and 56918 gives 1. 50 - 2. 00

(c) AMS 5690B gives 2a. 0
(b) AMS 5648C and 56918 give 2. 50
(d) AMS 56918 gives a. 75

2. 0123 Castings, Type CF8M are susceptible to embrlttlement

1.042 AlSI and ACI speclflen compositions, Table 1. 042. on exposure to 1200 F or higher, due to formation of
sigma phase.

CODE 13071
 Fe A
FERROUS ALLOYS REVI SED' - MARCH i963

Fe _Source 9, p.33 (9, p.34)

TABLE L042
(9 p.35
Allov
(20) 00
18 Cr TYPe 316 Type 316L ('ype 317 CF 3M CF 8M CF 12M
Percen t Percen t Percen t
13 Percen t Percen t
Ni Min Max Min Max. Min
Percen t
-- --
Max Min Max Min Max Min Max

---
Carbon 0.08
-
---
+ Mo 0.03 0.08
-
Manganese

---
2.00
--
2,00 2,00
- 0,03
1. 50
0.08
--
0.12

---
SUIcon LOO LOO 1.50 1. 50
1.00 2.00
TYPE 316.
Phosphorous 0.045
-
0.045 - 0.045 0.04 --
2.00
-
2,00

TYPE 317
Sulfur
Chromium 16.00
0.030
18.00 16.00
0.030
18.00
-
18.00
0.030
20.00 17 21
0.04
0.04
0.04 -
0.04
0.04-
Nlclcel 10.00 18 21 18 21
Mo1ylxlenum 2.00
14.00 10,00 14.00 u.oo 15.00 9 13 9 12 9 12
3.00 2.00 3.00 3,00 4.00 2.0
Iron Balance 3-0 2 0 3.0. 2.0 3,0
Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance

2.013 Therm al conductivity, Fig. 2. 013. 2.0312' lntergr anular corrosi on of Types 316 and 317
2,014 Therm al expansion, Fig. 2. 014. may occur
In certain media II these alloys are sensiti zed
2.015 Specific heat, Fig. 2. 015. between
600 and 1600 F. Type 316 L Is not subject to formati
2.016 Oiffusivttv, Fig. 2. 016. on of
a continuous networ k of precipi tated carbide s
and it is
2.02 Other Physica l Proper ties recommended for parts which are to be fabrica
ted by
2.021 Density. 0. 288 lb per cu ln. 7. 98 gr per cu em. welding and to be used without post weld anneali
ng in
2,022 Electri cal resistiv ity. At RT, 29.1 microhm media which may cause intergr anular corrosi
in and on In the
at 1200 F, 45, 7 microh m in. higher carbon grades .
2,023 Magnetic proper ties. 2,032 Oxidation resista nce. Good for continuous service
up to
2. 0231 Wrought types are essenti ally nonmagnetic. 1600 F and for Interm ittent service up to 1500
Permea bility F: Type
of annealed condition is 1. 02 maximum. 316 scales severel y at approx imately 1650 F,
the temper -
2.0232 Cast types are usually slightly magnetic. Permea ature varying with type of atmosp here and cycle
bility of
usually ranges between 1. 5 and 2. 5. Nonmagnetic operation,
casting s
may be obtained by lnlanci ng the composition.
2.04 Nuclear Proper ties. Simila r to Type 304.
2,03 Chemic al Proper ties
2,031 Corrosion resista nce
2.03ll The genera l corrosi on resista nce of 18-8 + Mo
is 3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIBS
superio r to that of other stainle ss steels when
exposed
to many types of chemic al corrode nts, as well
as to 3. 01 Specllied Mechanical Proper ties
marine atmosp heres. They are less suscep tible
to 3.011 AMS specifi ed mechan ical proper ties, Table
pitting attack in sea water and under conditions 3. ol!.
where
particl es are deposited on the metal surface .

TABLE 3,011
~ource AMS (2) AMS AMS
AMS (3) AMS (5) (8) (5)
IM}QY_ AMS (4)
Form Fe-18_C.l'l3NI + Mo _ri'YP<! 316!
Casting , sand
r, Mech
and Sheet, strip, Bar ree TublnB Tubing, seamle ss
centrifu gal plate
on 1 on mach
As cast
OD-In
- - - - - :::: 0.188 > 0.188 >o.soo
to 0. 500
Thickn ess In
- < > ~ p.o. 75 :> ~ .$ > ~ > ~ >
0.025 ~.025 o. 75 to
1. 50
1. so 1.25 - 0.016 f1.016 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010

---
Ftu, max -kat
- -
---
--- - -35 100
100 100
e(2 In), min-pe rcent - 115
---
110
Full section 40 45 - -40 -37
100 100
-40 -32 -35
100
Strip
Hardne ss - -- -
- -
- --
- - - - 32 35 27 30
BHN min
- -- -- 170 163 140 - - - - -
-max
- -- --
-- - - -- 75. - -- -- --
211 255 255
--
---
241

--
RB -min
-max -- - -
RC -min
-- -- - -- -- -- 2028- 90- -- -- -- -- --
--
-max
- - - - - - - - -

____
......_CODE 13071
 REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
;~ .'

4, FABRICATION. The fabrication characteristics of the

3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature. See 3, 03
18-8 -+Mo steels are similar to those of Type 302 except
Fe
alB<),
3.021 Typical mechanical properties for Types 316, 316 Land as noted below. 18 Cr
4.01 Forming and Casting
317, Table 3, 021. 4.0ll Forming operations should be performed at room tern- 13 Ni
TABLE 3 021
Source (9, p, 33,34 35) + Mo
Allov Fe-18Cr-13NI + Mo
Tvt>es 316 316-L 317
Form Sheet, Sheet, Sheet,
TYPE 316,
strip Plate Bar Wire strip Plate strip Plate Bar TYPE 317
Condition Ann Ann CD Ann Sott temper Ann Ann Ann Ann Ann
'Thickness - In
Feu typ -ksi 90
-85
- All
80
1
90
0.062
90
kl. 500
so
0 062
100
0 !WI
90
-
75
-
75
-
90
-
85
-
85
F f!'
typ -ksi 40 35 30 60 30 30 75 60 32 32 40 40 40
e( in), typ-percent so 55 60 45 55 60 40 50 50 so 45 50 50
RA,
Hardness
typ-percent - - 70 65 65 70 65 65 - - - - -
- - -- --
RB, typ 85

.
78 78 83 75 85
BHN, typ
AIS1 specifies spring temper as:
-
150 150 190 - - - lA<
- 16~ 16~
0. 062 In, F tu = 230 ksl
0 250 in, F tu = 160 ksl
0. 307 in, F tu = 150 ksl

3,022 Typical properties of sand cast blocks of CF 12M, annealed perature or at forging temperatures, but not at temper-
1950 to 2100 F and water quenched, Ftu = 80 ksl, Fey= atures m the carbide precipitation range.
42 ksl, e(2 in) = 50 percent, BHN = 156 to 170, m Charpy 4. 012 Casting. The good castabillty of casting alloys of this
Keyhole = 70 ft lbs. type permits designs Involving Intricate shapes. However,
3,023, Effect of exposure to elevated temperatures with load on uniform thlclmess should be maintained wherever possible,
tensile properties of bar, Table 3, 023.
4.03 Welding. Wrought and cast products are weldable by
conventional techniques. The metal arc process is most
TARLE 3 023 frequently used for castings. Oxyacetylene welding Is
I Source il D. 71 not advisable for castings because of possible Impairment
A.11.W ,.-e-iAi'r-llMI.....,o """" 3i6\ of corrosion resistance due to carbon pickup. Lime
l.,n,.,:, I~ hBr
coated Type 316 electrodes are recommended.
r.nnrlltlnn 2000 F wn
Room t~mperat.ure properties 4.04 Heating and Heat Treating
Exposure at 4.041 Avoid prolonged heating at temperatures from 800 to
after expnsure
1600 F, see I. 09.
Load Time e(2 in) RA
~cr
Temp Ftu 4.042 All heating should be conducted In air or Inert atmosphere
F lc.l hr kill oercent percent
such as helium, argon or dissociated ammonia. The
RT 0 0 103.9 36.8 59.5 77.0 pans must be free from any I'Srbonaceous material,
1000 22.5 1220 88.5 41.5 57.0 72.7
1100 20.0 1290 92.9 42.5 51.0 67.5 4. OS Surface Treating. Scale may be removed by a solution
1200 10.0 1170 94.3 42.5 41.0 48.6 of 15 to 20 percent nitric acid and 1 to 3 percent hydro-
1300 6.5 1540 97.3 40.0 42.0 52.2 fluoric acid at 120 to 140 F, for 20 to 30 min. Scale
1500 3.0 U75 97.0 36.0 31.5 52.5 removal is more easily accomplished when parts have
been heated In air.

3,024 Effect of exposure to elevated temperatures on Impact

strength, Fig, 3. 024,
3,03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures Fe-18Cr-J3NI+Mo(Type 316)
3,031 Short time tension properties 14 BAR I
lOOO F, I HR. WQ
/
3,03U Sciltter rands of tensile properties of bar at room and
elevated temperatures, Fig. 3. 03ll.
3.0312 Effects of annealing and testing temperatures o:i tensile
properties of bar, Fig. 3, 0312. /
3, 0313

3.032
3, 033
Effect of test temperature on tensile properties of
castings, PI g. 3. 0313.
Short time properties other than tension
Static stress concentration effects
THERMAL CONDUCTIVIT'l

/
v
3,04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties 7
3.041

3.042
Creep rupture curves for bar at 1200 to 2000 F, Pig.
3,041.
Creep rupture curves for castings at 1200 to 1650 P,
/
/
Fig. 3, 042.

3,05 Fatigue Properties

6
-400
/ 0 400 BOO 1200 1600
3.06 Blastic Properties
3,061 Modulus of elasticity at room and elevated temperatures, TBMP-F
Fig. 3.061.
S,062 Modulus of rigidity. U. 900 ksl. PIG. 2, 013 niBRMAL CONDUCTIVIT'l
(12, p. 23)

CODE 13071
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MA.RCH 1963

Fe u------ ----------~----~-----r~
Pe-18Cr-13N Fe-18Cr-13NI +Mo(Type 316)
HMo (Type 316
~~~~--+---4-----,_____ BAR
18 Cr MBAN COBF LINBAR ANN
100

13 Ni lO~~TH~B~ruMA=+~~~B~XP~AN~~~O=N~~~~-+-----+--i

+ _ Mo__. "'m
.____
TYPE 316, m
i!'i9'---1-~"'-4,----+-----+-----+---t

~---P~~~~~~~~--~---;60 ~
a
I

TYPE 317 i!'i

\ 8 - BA , 2000 P, HR, WQ
"'
(12)
- - - 1950 P, 1/2 HR, WQ I
7~~--L---------------~(~13~)------~
-400 0 400 800 1200 1600
TBMPF
PIG. 2,W4 THBiwJ.L EXPANSION
(12, p. 23)(13, !' 689)

Fe-18Cr-,13NI+Mo('I ype 316)

0.16 b:BAR ./
2000P, I HR., WQ

_,. l..-- -~
[7 SPBCIPII HEAT

0.08
-400
/ 0 400 800 1200 1600
TEMP- p

FIG. 2. 015 SPBCIPIC HE.A:r

0 L---~-----L-----L----~----L---~
(12, p. 23) 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400
TEMP-I'
FIG. 3. 031I SCATTI!R BANDS OF 'I'BNSILB PROPBRTIBS OF BAR AT
ROOM AND BLBVATBD TBMPBRATURBS
(14, p. 2931)

0.20
Fe-18Cr-13Ni+Mo 316)
BAR I
2000 F. I HR., WQ
!l! 0.18
~
~
I

m
t: 0.16 t: 40 r-..:..::::::::+!!!:!---+---~...~
ll
TBSTBDAT RT

0.14 OL-----L---~~--~-----d
-400 0 400 800 1200 1600
0 400 800 1200 1600
TBMP- F TBMP-F

FIG. 2. 016 DIFPUSIVITY FIG. 3,024 BPFBCT OF BltPOSURB TO BLBVATBD

(12, p. 23) TBMPBRAnJ RBS ON IMPACT STiliiNG'nl
(II, p. 70)

CODE 1307
PAGE 4
 Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe

'
Fe-18Cr-13NHMo CIYpe 316)
llN BAR CW 13% 18 Cr
80
-........
~ "":'-" t-r BEFORE ANN

60
- _..._
FTlJ ~~
~
13
+
Ni
Mo

- r-::::
~ ... FT'i
TYPE 316,
TYPE 317

--
& A' "W"'""'I
20

6
0

-
80
.a.
4
RA

;:::::t:- e(2 IN)

e
ANN TEMP
1700 F
A 2050 F
GRSIZE
10
6/5
- 2

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
RUPTURE
TEMP F
10 100 1000 10,000
FIG. 3. 0312 EFFECTS OF ANNEALING AND TESTING TEMPERATURBS TIME - HR
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR
(19)
FIG. 3. 041 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR BAR AT 1200 TO 2000 p
\II. p. 72)

8o~----~-----------------
Fe-18Cr-13Nl+Mo(Type 316)
PREC. "INVEST. CASTING
AS CAST

~
~hr--~~--~~--~~--~
!2
10
8

6
0

~40 ta::==--+-eC::bo:.-41..,~~
~
0
0 400 800 1200 1600 2
TEMP- F 10 100 1000
TIME- HR
FlU. 3. 0313 EFFECT OF TBST TEMPERATURE
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF CASTINGS PIG. 3. 042 CREEP RUPTURB CURVES POR
(16. p. 8) CAS11NGS AT 1200 TO 1650 F
(15, p. 74)(16, p. 10)

CODE 13071
Fe A
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

Fe
18 Cr
13 Ni
+ Mo 2~--~-----+~---+----~
'---~~
TYPE 316, ~
TYPE 3 I 7 20 ta==:-:::--=::--=
-==-::-:1::-""=:-t

FIG. 3. 061 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT ROOM

AND BLBVATBD TBMPBRATURBS
(17, p. 920)(18, p. 17)

REFERENCES

I AMS 5350 B. Qan. IS, 1939)

2 AMS 5351 B, (Dec. I, 1953)
3 AMS 5524 B. (Aug. IS, 1955)
4 AMS 5573 B, Qan. IS, 195S)
5 AMS 5648 C, Qan. IS, 1950)
6 AMS 5690 E. (Feb. I, 1956)
7 AMS 5691 B. Qune IS, 1953)
8 AMS 5649, (Dec. I, 1951)'
9 American lroa and Steel Institute, "Stainless and Heat Resisting
Steels", S\eel Products Manual, Uune 1957)
10 Schaefer, E. A., "Corrosioa Reslsrant Types CF-8M and CF-
12M", Alloy Casting Institute Data Sheet, Uune 1954)
II Timken Roller Bearing Co., "Digest of Steels for High Temper-
ature Service", Sixth Edition, (1958)
12 Lu~ks, C. F. and Deem, H. W., 'Thermal Properties of Thir-
teen Metals", ASTM STP No. 227, (Feb. 1958) .
13 Furman, D. E., "Thermal Expansion Characteristics of Stain-
less Sr.eels B~ecn -300 and 1000F", journal of Metals, Vol.
188, (Apr. 1950)
14 Simmons, Ward F. and Cross. Howard C., "Report on the
Elevated-Temperature Properties of Stainless Steels", ASTM
STP No. 124, Qan. 1952)
IS Sessler, j. G., 'The Creep Rupture and Low-Strain Creep
Properties of Several Heat-Resisting Alloys Tested in Air at
Elevated Temperatures", SUR I, Chemical and Mctallurgicai
Engineering Opt., Rp. No. MET 383-581 F I, Qune 1957)
16 Haynes Stellite Company, "Haynes Investment-cast Steels".
Haynes Data Booklet, (Apr. 1958)
17 Wilde, Robert F. and Grant, Nicholas J., "Dynamic Elastic
Modulus Values at High Temperatures for Nickel-Base, Alumi-
num-Base and Metal-Metal Oxide Alloys", Proceedings ASTM
Vol. 57, (1957)
18 Garofalo, F., Malenock, P. R. and Smith, G. V., 'The Influ-
ence of Te:nperature on the Elastic C011stants of Some Commer-
cial Sleets", ASTM STP No. 129, Uune 25, 1952)
19 Tlmken. (1959)
20 Alloy Castinv Institute, (1959)
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GBNBRAL 1.033 Specification equivalents for stainless Type 321, Table

Typ_e 321 is an austenitic stainless steel which is stabil- 1.033. Fe
ized by the addition of a small amount of titanium. Since
titanium forms a carbide of low solid solubility, the
18 Cr
possibility of iotergranular precipitatioa and of the 10 Ni
associated iotergranular corrosion is reduced. There-
fore, Type 32lis used primarily either for pans fabri- + Ti
cated by welding without postweld 8JIIIealing or for serv-
iceat800tol500F. Thissteelis available io all wrought
forms. Its properties are very similar to those of the
TYPE321
columbium stabilized 18-8 steel, Type 347. It differs
from Tyfle 347 io that the stability of the carbides is
lower and io that titanium bas a tendency to bum out io
the liquid state. Castiogs, therefore, are usuallynotpro-
duced io Type 321.
ISource
TABLE 1 033
-- -
130
1. 01 Commerclal Designation ype ~;;::
Type 321. SpecUication Equivalents
1. 02 Alternate Designations SAB 30321
USS 321, USS 18-8 TI, Carpenter Stainless No. 321, ASTM A269, TP321 and A:rll, TP 321
TP 321H, Timlcen 18-12TI, Staioless &eel (A1Sl321), ASTM A213, TP321 and A158,P8
Cruclbie 321 Staioless &eel, Jessop Type 321, Staioless ASTM Al82 F8t and Al93, B8
&eel Type 321, &duro Type 321, Titanium &abilized ASTM A240, T and A167, Al.5
18-8 &eel, AlSl Type 321 austenitic stainless steel. AS1M A276, Type 321
ANS-757
1.03 SpecUications Fed. QQ-S-763 C1.8, Type A
Fed. QQ-S-766, C1.6, Type A
1.031 AMS Specifications for sheet, strip, plate, bar, tubing,
wire and cotter pios, Table 1.031. MILS-853, Cl.8, Type A
MlLS-854, C1.8, Type A
MIL-T-6721
MILT-6737
AN-WW-T-858

TABLE 1.031
AMS Form Militarv
5510H Sheet, strip, plate MIL-S-6721 Type Ti
5557A TUbing: hydraulic, seamless
or welded
5559A TUbing; welded tbio wall 1.034 ASTM SpecUications for Type 321 stainless steel, Table
5570G TUbing; seamless MIL-T-8606, Comp G321
1..034 (a) and 1.034 (b).
5576C TUblng;welded MIL-T-6737, Comp 321
5645G Bar, forgings, mech tubing,
flash welded rings QQ-S-763 Class 321 Cond A TABLE 1- 034(a)
5689 Wire. screen I Sou~,. 12ill28ll29
7211A Cotter pins; cor.oslon and ~Allnv "l"vne32r
heat resistant.
Forged or rolled alloy-steel pipe flanges, forged
fittings and valves and pans for hlgh-t.emperatul'
service A 18265
Carbon and alloy steel nuts for bolts and for high
presnure and high temperature service A 19465
Seamleu ferrltic and austenitic alloy-steel boiler
superheater, and heat exchanger tubes A 213-65
Chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel
plae, sheet, and strip for fusion-welded unfired
pressure vessels A 24063
Welded austenitic steel boiler superheater, heat
1.032 NASA SpecUications for seamless, welded and drawn A 24965
exchanger, and condenser tubes
stabilized steel tubing, Table 1.032.
Bolling nitric acid test for corroslon-reslstiog
steels A 262-63
Sel\mless and welded austenitic stainless steel
TABLE 1.032 tubing for general service A 269-65
Seamless austenitic chromium-Dickel steel still
l!:ou~re 31 tubes for refioery service A 27164
Allov l'YDe 321
Hot-rolled and cold flnlshed stainless and heat
SoecUication NASA-MSFC
reslstiog steel bars A 27663
Product r.::ondltion
Total Immersion corroslo~ test of stainless steels A 279-63
MSFC-SPBC-248 Seamless tubing or Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel pipe A 312-64
welded and drawn stab!- Stainless and heat-resisting steel billets and bare
A A 31463
llzed corrosion and heat- for reforging
(A:mealed)
resistant steel tubing Alloy-steel bolting materials for lowtemperawre
service A 32065

CODE 1308
PAGE
teA
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967

TABLE 1.034(b) 1.062 A1SI typical hardness values, Table 1,062.

Fe Source 27){211)(2!1)
18 Cr Allov I'YDe 32
Blectrictuaionwelded austenitic chromium TABLE 1.062
10 Ni nickel alloy steel pipe for high temperature Source 8.
service A 35865
+ Ti Seamless austenitic steel pipe for high-temperature
Alloy
Prooenv
I'vDe 321
Hardness
central4Ution service A 37664 Form Condition I Hardness Value RB aver
TYPE 321 Descallng and cleaning Btsinless steel surfaces A 38057
Sheet, strip 80
Conducting acidified copper sulfate test for inter-
granular attack in austenitic Btsinless steel Wire, 0,500 in Sof:":mperl 89
A 39363
Factory-made wrought austenitic steel welding
fittings A 40365
Welded large outside diameter llghtwall austenitic 1.063 Typical hardness values for annealed and cold drawn bare,
chromiumnickel alloy steel pipe for corrosive Table 1. 063.
or high temperature service A 40965
TABLE 1,063
Austenitic steel forged and bored pipe for high
temperature service A 43064
Stainless and beat-resisting steel bars and ahapee
for use in bollerp and other pressure vessels A 47963
General requirements for delivery of flat-rolled
staiilless and beat-resisting steels in form of
plate, sheet, and strip A 48063
General requirements for stainless and heat resist
ing wrought steel products (except wire) A 48465
Stainless and heat resisting steel cold heading wire A 49363 1.07 Forms and Conditions .Ava1lable
Seamless stainless steel mechanical tubing A 51164 1.071 The steel Is available in tbe full commercW range at
Welded stainless steel mechanical tubing A 55465 sizes for all forms common for Btsinless steels.
General requirements for stainless and beat resist 1.072 All products sre available in the annealed condition. Bar
1ng steel wire A 55565 and wire are also available in slightly cold worked condl
dons,
1.04 Composition
Table 1.04. 1.08 Melting and Casting Practice
1.081 .Almost all of the Type 321 produced Is made by electric -
TABLE 1 04 arc furnace cr induction furnace air melting. Induction
vacuum melts and consumable electrode vacuum melts
AMS AMS AlSl are also ava1lable.
Source (1)(3)(5)(6)(7) (2)(4) (8)(20)
Percent Per ent Percent 1.09 Special Considerations
Min Max Min Max Min Max 1.091 Heating above 1900F followed by beating about 1200F, may
Carbon . 0.08 . 0.08 . 0.08 sensitize this steel.
Chromium 17.00 19.00(b) 17.00 20.00 17.00 19.00 1.092 Use Type 347 welding wire for shieldedmetslarc weld
Copper . 0.50 . 0.50 . . lng Type 321, to prevent loss of atabWzation,
Manganese . 2.00 . 2.00 . 2.00 1.093 Cold work greatly reduces the creep ductlllty at ll OOF
Molybdenum . 0.50 . 0.50 . . and 1200F, particularly if grain size Is leas than 5.
Nickel 8.00 LOO(b) 8.00(c) 13.00 9.00 12.00 .Annealing Is recommended to restore the ductlllty.
Phosphorus . 0.040 . 0.040 . 0.045
Silicon 0.40(a) 1.00 0.40 1.00
. - 1.00 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPBRTIES
Sulfur - 0.03C 0.030 - 0.030
.
Titanium 6xC o. 70 6xC 0.70 5xC 2.01 Thermal Properties
Iron Balance Balance Balance 2.011 Melting range. 2550 to 2600F.
2.012 Phase changes
(a) AMS 5645G and 5689 do not give minimum value
2.0121 This steel Is subject to carbide precipitation after beat
(b) AMS 5645G gives for tubing, 20Cr and 13NI.
(c) AMS 55700 gives 9.0. lng above 1900F, followed by heating at 800 to lSOOF.
2.0122 Cold work will transform a small amount of aUstenite
to ferrite (martensite).
2.013 Thermal conductivity, Fig. 2.013.
2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2.014.
2.015 Specific heat. 0.12 Btu per (lh F).

1.05 Heat Treatment 2.02 Other Physical Properties

1.051 Full anneal. 1750F to 1900F, preferably 1750P to 1850P, 2.021 Density. 0.285 to 0.29lb per cu in. 7.9 to 8.0 gr per
(see 2. 0312), 1 hour per inch thickness, 2 hours mini cucm.
mum for plate, rapid air cool. 2.022 Electrical resistivity, Fig. 2.022.
1.052 Stablllzing anneal for service at 800F to 1500F. !500F 2.023 Magnetic properties. Alloy Is nonmagnetic in the annealed
to 1600F, !hour per inch of thickness, 2 hours mlni condition. Permeability of annealed materW Is less than
mum for plate. 1. 02. It becomes slightly magnetic when severely cold
1.053 Stress relief worked to an extent similar to Type 302.
1.0531 The common stress relief may be as high as !600F.
Rapid cooling Is not necessary. 2.03 ChemiCal Propenles
1.0532 For operations not involving critical solutions of nitric 2.031 Corrosion resistance
acids, the steel can 6e stress relieved in the range from 2.03ll General corrosion resistance at Type 321 Is similar to
1382 to 1472 (750C to 800C). that of Type 302.
1.0533 Stress relief after fabrication should be at 1300F. 2.0312 lntergranular corrosion Is absent in this steel, unless It
Ia overheated to above 1900F. .At this temperature
1.06 Hat..!neaa titanium carbides are going lnto solid solution and sub
1.061 Alloy can be hardened only by cold work, sequent rapid cooling, followed by heating at about 1200F,

CODE 1308
PAGE 2
 Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS

will cause precipitation and reduce the resistance. to

lntergranuler attack. Pull annealing or a stabilizing Fe
anneal will eliminate the sensitized condition. 18 Cr
2.0313 1be alloy Is Immune to muC of the organic chemicals,
sterilizing solutions, foodstuffs, dyestuffs, and a wide 10 Ni
variety of Inorganic chemicals. Maximum corrosion re
elatance Is achieved by Immersing parte In a soludoo of + Ti
nitric acid for 2030 minutes (passivation), Its resist
llllce to nitric acid Is good, to sulfuric acid moderate,
end to halogen acids poor, (20), TYPE 321
2,0314 Stress cracking may occur In water containing small
amounts of chlorides.
2.032 Oxidation resistance of Type 321 Ia similar to that of
Type 304 stainless steel.

2. 04 Nuclear Properties
2. 041 The nuclear properties of !his alloy are similar to those
of Type 304 stainless steel.

3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

3.01 Specified Mect.anlcal Properties

3. 011 AMS specified mechanical properties, Table 3. 011.

TABLE 3.011
AMS AMS AMS (2)(4)(5)
Source AMS (6) AMS(7)
(I) (3)
Allov Tvre 321
Sheet, Mech tubing, Tubln
Form bing Wire, screen weide Tubing, hydraulic seamless and welded
strip, bar, forgings,
plate flaahwelded rings mech *~ .
Condition ST
00. In . . . . . . . . . s 0.188 >0 1880 500 > soo
Thickness In > < > . . 0.010 0.021 0.126 . s > ~ > s >
0.004 o::-1s 0. 75 0.020 0.125 0.250 0.016 0.016 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
min ksl . . . . . . . . 75 75(a) 75(a) 75(a) 75(a) .
75(a)
FlU'
max ksl 100 . . . . . . . 105 120 105 115 105 J20(b) 105
Coil . . . . . 125 115 105 . . . . . . .
straight . . . . . 135 125 115 . . . . . . .
ksl . . . . . . . . 35 30(a) 30(a) 30(a) 30(a) . 30(a)
F1!, min
e( In) min % 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tube . . . . . . . . 40 33 35 35 35 30(b) 35
strip . . . . . . . . 35 . . 30 30 25(b) 30
Hardness
BHN,mln . 170 140 . . . . . . . . . . . .
max . 255 241 . . . . . . . . . . . .
RB, min . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
max . . . . 90 . . . . . . . . . .
(a) AMS 5557A only,
(b) AMS 5570 and 5576C only,

3.012 ASTM and AISI specified mechanical properties for varl

oue forms, Table 3, 012.

TABLE 3 012
Source 24
Alloy Type 321
Form Ftu e(2 In), RA Ha:.:duess
Fer'
kat ks . % '.\', BHN Rockwell
Sheet, strip 90 35 ss . . 80
Wire 90 30 ss . . 85

.
Plate, bars 85 30 55 70 160

mongatlon values vary with lhir.kness or diameter, being

85

higher with greater thickness or diameter.

CODE 1308
PAGE 3
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967

3,013 Asn.l speclfled mecbanlc al propente s for &beet, Btdp,

Fe plate, bu;,forg lnp and wlre, Table 3. 013.
18 Cr
TABLB3 013
10 Ni Sourc:c
(22)(231
Alloy
+ Ti Form Sbeet, Sttlp,
"1'n>C 321

Plate Bar Forgings Wlre

TYPE 321 Coodlticm Aim Aim lJgbtly
Hotflnlsb ed Cold-flnl sbed ST Aim
Drafted
Thicknes s, in
- All Up to 0.50
Incl.
>0.5( - <0.156 2:,0.156 <0.156 :::0.156
FDI, -min-ks! 75 75 90 75

F~,
-max-ksi
-min-ks!
- - - -
75
-
80
105
80
100
85
115
85
105
- -- ---
30
---
30 45 30 30
e( fn),

--
-minper cent 40 40 35 35
RA,
Hardaess
-min-per cent - 50 45 50
41.1
50
-
BIIN, -max
- -- -- - - -- --
--
202
RB, -max 88 - - -
3.014 AMS specified mecbanlc al propertie s for tube, Table
3.014.

TABLE 3.014
Source (3) (2)(4)(6)
Alloy T.me.321
Form tubing

K:oudltion
~~ Tllbing, hydraulic seamless IUid welded

ST
po- 1n - ,.;0.188 >0 .188 to llSOO >0.500
~ckness -in
s > .:s > .s >
I

min-bi
- 0.016 0.016 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
Dl' 75 75(a) 7S("a) 7S(a) 75(a) 7S(a)
max-ksl 105 120 105 us 105 120(b) 105
eon, max -- -- - - - - -
IF. max - - - - 30(a)
-- --
Straight,
min-ks! 35
~llin>.
30(a) 3D(a)

TUbe
min-% -40 3.1- 35- - -30(a)
35 35 30(b) 35
Sttlp 35 - - 30 30 2S(b) 30
{a) AMS 5557A only
(b) AMS 55708 IUid 5576 oaly

3.02 MechaDl.cal Propente s at Room Tempera nu.;

See also 3. 03.
3.021 Tension
3.0211 Stress-s train diagrams
3.015 AMS speclfied bend!Dg propertie s for &beet, Table 3. 015. 3.0212 Typical mechanlc al propertie s for sbeet, strip, plate,
bar IUid wire, Table 3. 0212.

TABLB3 015 TABLI! 3. 0212

,.,,..~
1 I !:nooPr~ oit:tir
Allov ...;;.. ~2 Alfnv 321
Type
Size, in 'l)pe of Augle Bend IFonn Sbeet, strip Plate
Beud Degree, in Factor ,;;...... Bar Wire
IAnn-ICD ISoCt temocr
.s. 0.249
s 0.249
Free bend
V-block
180
135
1
1
I ThlrlnV'A A- In
Fru, -ksl
-
90
-85 All
85
1
95
0.062 b.soo
us 95
> 0.249 to F{l. -bl 35 30 35 60 85 65
0.749 Free bend 90 1 e In) -percent 50 55 55 40 30 40
> 0.249 to
o;749 V-block 135 2
RA,
Hardness,
-percent - - 65 60 60 60
BHN - 160 150 185 - 89-
RB 80 - - - -

CODE
PAGE
 Fe A
R~/;;:.S.EDMARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS

3.042 SI:Drt time IGial at:ralD c:unea for abeet at 1500F ud

3.0213 Bllect c.(~ oa Z'XIID llempeniUrl! pzopenlea r1. 1800F, Fig. 3. 042. Fe
bar, Tlh1e 3.0213. Creep zupcurc c:unes for abeet at 1000F to ISOOF, Fig.
3.043. 18 Cr
Creep rupcure c:unes for bar at llOOF 1D 1500P, Fig.
TABLB 3. 0213
3.044. 10 Ni
Source ~_.9} Master c:une for o.:i:.perceat aeep 81111 creep zupcurc ol
IForm liD bu- abeet, Pig. 3. 045. + Ti
ICcadldoa t900P. WOICSB)
Room~ pzopenles after ell~ 3.05 Pari~,?-!.
r a~
emp t Tim<
FIJI. ~ e<z m>. RA lrzw~v 3.051 ~. ul UDeale<!
Patlgoe bu. ~-0 Ul, (20). TYPE 321
p bl br tat perceDt pen:eat ~-n.

iJtT . . 93 67 49 75.3 92
.
3.116
3.1161
Blaatlc ~rtJes
~srado
1100 12.5 1679 96.5 61 411 69.9
7 2750 . . . - Sf 3.0611 Blrect ol. teat teiJlperatllre Oil l'blaaoa :rado ol azmealed
7 96.3 59.7 41.5 56.4 . Type 321 .U.leaa steel, Fig. 3.0611.
1200
4
1367
2753 . - . . 49 3.1162 Modulua "' elaQ:lclty
5 . 1656 95.5 54.5 39 52.1 . 3.0621 Mcdllll8 rl. eleadclty at room 81111 elewted temperauuea,
1300
2 2612 . . . . 46 Pig. 3, 0621.
1500 1 1601 . . . . 41 3.0622 Mom:.ua ~ eleadclty ol Type 321 ata!Dleu steel at low
telllpe!aWI'Ca, Pig. 3. 0622.
3.063 Mcdllll8 ol. rd1tJ
3.0631 Mo41lll8 or rtsldll:r at room 81111 eleftted temperatUres,
3.022 Campreuloa Pig. 3. 06.ii. .
3.0221 StreuatraJD diqrama 3.0632 Mcdllll8 ol. :d&ldl:ly at room 81111 eleftted temperatUres
3.023 Impact for iOIIDeded 'l'Jlr-. 321, Pig. 3. 0632.
3.024 lleDdlllg 3.064 "l'aDgeat 1Jicdllas eunea In c:ompret!aloa. for abeet at
3.025 Tcmdoa aud llbear room and dewted temperatures, Fig. 3.064.
3.026
3.027
lleariDg
Streu CODCellttalloa ... FABRICATION
3.0271 N~ pnpeztlea
3.0272 PnciiU:e IOUjllmeao 4.01 Pormablllly
3.0211 CombiDed properties f.Ou 1blll alloy 81111 Ita fabrlcadoa. 18 slmJ.lar to t&.t ol Types
302 aud 347. Jt can be bet formed by moat common bot
3.03 Mecbudcall'!;opeztlea at Various Temperatllr!! formiDg operad01l8. Hlgber power for these operadcma
3.031 To:ualoa Is required because ol tbe biBb temperature atteDgtb ol
3.0311 Streu-atralo diqrams this alloy. Heating for fCII'IIliDg cperadoaa abould be dooe
3.03111 StreaaatralD curves for Type 321 ataiDleaa steel bar at carefully 81111 Dot toO rapidly, HJ&It 8U1fur CUeliJ RD<I llttOIIg"
low temperawrea. Pq. 3.03111. ly reducing lllmoapberea abould be a 'fOlded.
3.03112 Stresaatralo c:unes for abeet at room 81111 elevated teiJI 1be formahlllty rl. this steel ftrlea with tbe Dietel c:oatent
perauuea, Pq. 3.03112. ID muc:b tbe same -y as tblt ol. the atraJ&bt 18-8 steele,
3.0312 Scatter boDda for to:D8Ile propeztlea ol. bar at room r.Dd (see Type 301, 302 and 305),
ele'Nted temperatUres, Fq. 3, 0312. 4.012 Mter prebeatlng ID 1500 to 1600P formiDg can begin at
3.0313 Blrect ol. teat tempe:rauue oa to:ua11e pxopertles ol. bar, 2000 to 2200F ud flDisbiDg at 1700F or hlgber. Hot bend
Pig. 3.0313. tubes can be formed at about 1750 1D IBSOP. Jt 18 rccom
3.0314 Blrect ol. expaue and teat temperaiJlre oa te118lle prc>per mended to cool.tbe wort rapidly after bet foX'UIIDg. If
dea ol. abeet, Fig. 3.0314. 8llbequent IUID8aliDg Ia lmpracdcal.
3.0315 Blrect ol. teat temperaiJlre, balding time 81111 atralo :rate 4.013 For .e..ere deep drawlllg and apiDDIDg opend01l8 the
liD to:D8Ile PJ'Opeztiea rl. abeet, Pig. 3.0315. Dietel c:oatent ol. this steel abould be tJopt about 2 percent
3.0316 Blrect ol. anneallDg 81111 teat temperaiJlre liD renalle PJ'Oper blgber than lbat ol. Type 302.

3.0317
des ol. bar, Pig. 3.0316.
Blrect ol. room and elevated temperauue aa to:ua11e pr11per
4.014
cllf(lallty ol. mah... lnlag the apeclfJed dtiDlum to
rado througbaut tbe melt.
ca..--
CallliDg ol. this steells Dot J:eCOIIlDieDded becauee ol tbe

des ol alloy, Pig. 3.0317.

3.032 CompreiiiJI.oa
3.0321 Streea-atraiD cllsgram11 4.02 Machining anc1 Grtnd1Dg
3.03211 Streea-atralo curves In comprcaalOD for &beet at room 4.021 General. Type 321 Ia IJIOJ:e dlfllcult ID machine than
81111 elented temperatUres, Pig. 3.03211. either ferrldc or marteDaltlc ..m~e... llleel gradc10. Un-
3.0322 Blrect ol. 8llpOIIUr8 81111 teat temperaiJlre m compresal"" less proper tec:lllllquea are employed, rapid W<n"k bud
yield 8lrcoglh rl. abeet, Fig. 3, 0322. eDiag dllrlDg JDachlnlDg with atteDdant dlfflalltlea reiiUI.ta.
3.0323 Blrect ol. teat temperaiJlre m traniM!l'ae compreeslw Therefore, care mllllt be tdzn to a 'fOld e"""ae beat
yield atrellglh ol. 0. 064 Inch umealed abeet. Pig. 3. 0323. generadoa 81111 wort bardeDIDg.
Impact
1be mac:blJW>Wty rating ol. Type 321 18 about 25% ol.
3.033
AISl B 1112 steel. 1be aelectlcm ol a J.utle toOl for
3.034 lleDdlllg
maximum dlalllpadoa ol. beat tbrougb the tool and ample
3.035 Toraloa md llbear
amOUDtll ol. atttlag Ould dUected at the dp ol. tbe tool arc,
3.0351 Blrect ol. teat temperauue oa tJ:1Ill8V'U8e &bear atreDgth
ol 0. 1871Dch 8DII88lecl sheet, Fig. 3.0351. recommended. Depth ol cut and feed l!bould be bea'fJ'
euougb 1D peuetrate through tbe wort bardened skiD. Re
3.0352 Brfect ol. e:opoeurc and teat te1Dperaturc m abear lltieDglb
duced apeeda 81111 beayY feeds acble..., maximum metal
ol sbeet, Pq. 3. 0352.
remoru. Olttlag edges l!bould be l!barp 81111 smooth.
3.036 lleariDg
Riding ol. tbe tool will cause wortbanleDIDg.
3.0361 Blrect ol. 8llpOIIUr8 81111 teat temperature oa. bearing prop
ertles ol abeet, Fig. 3. 0361.
Streea COIIcatratlOD 1be following coaalderar!Oill abcluld be Jl't'ell to lllDg1e
3.037
poiDt tumiDg tools ol. bi8h speed steeL
3.0371 N~ prc>peztlea
3.0372 . Fractare touglmeaa 5 to to top or raloo IIJIIIe
3.038 Coml:tiled prc>peztlea 5 to 10" badt ralae
710 1\1" fraat c1ea:raDco
3.04 C%eep aDd Creep Rupcure Properties 5 to8" aide deeraDCe
3.041 Creep aud Cl-eep rupiJl>'C a-nea for &beet at 1200P IJid 8 to IS" cuttiDg edge angle
1500P, Pig. 3.041. 10 1D 15" ield angle

CODE 1308
PAGE !I
Fe A
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967

Chip curlers or clup breakers are alfl!l recommended.

14
Fe 4.023 Circular and straight cutotf blades sbould have TYPB321

18
10
Cr
Ni
7 tO 10 baclc rake
Most circular form tools are used wltb about
7 to 10 back rake
&;'
to-12
v
v
+
TYPE 321
Ti 7 to 10
Drills should have
140
9 tO 15
clearance

included angle at tbe top

lip clearance
"'
~
c::
::! 10
I/
........ v
t /
4.024
~
The following cutting speeds are recommended for THERMAL
turning 60 to 90 CONij>_UCTlVITY
sfpm,
0. 003 to 0. 008 incb feed, 0 200 400 600 800 1000
drilling 30 to 60 sfpm,
0. 003 to 0. 008 incb feed TEMP- F
tspplng 15 to 25 sfpm,
milling 35 to 70 sfpm, FIG . 2.013 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (10)
broacbiog 8 to 15 sfpru,
reaming 20 to 60 sfpm, (20).

4.03
4.031 --
'Velt1!:!1!
Gene:rlt! .. Type 321 ntaioless -'~"''1 ><s readily welds.ble
by mob"t corrtmerclallus lon and resistance welding metbods.
The titl>nlum in tbls alloy Is dfective in preventiug harm-
ful cat bide precipitation a:rd ;.::e resulting tendency t~
intargranular corrosion. For fusion welding, TIC o.n.:
MIG processeg are common1; employedwitlr Type 321
or Oxweld 60 as tbe flller r:J'!tal. No post-weld aanealio.'i
Is necessary, but If stress relief Is desired the weld-
menta may be heated and air cooled. 11
4.032 The high coefficient of expansion of tbis alloy and Its low
tbermal conductivity tend to cause high local expansion
wb!ch rnity produce buckllng and residual stresses lo "'c:
fusion welded psns. Thus It Is recommended that struc- ...
l>l

tures be properly braced during welding. 25

4.033 For a detailed discussion of tbe welding of Type 321, tbe c:
reade1 Is referred to Reference 25 alld Rc:ference ~2. ...
l>l

4.04 ~~..!!!!B
..,25
4.041 n ... sur.fa.ce should be clean an1 ru::e from oil dallng aoy ~ ,_.,
h.,ltlng precess to avoid non-ur>ll<>m scaling and pitting
,hen pickled. 8
0 400 800 1200 1600
4.05 Surface Treatment
4.051 General. Scale forn~ed durl:rg high =Jl"rature procesaes TEMP- F
(sucb as w.-l<lli!g. anneaU.~g tr forglog) should b;, re-
moved. D<:scallng may be a'rompllshed by varlws plck- FIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION (19)
liru1 solutions, mecbao1cal treatments or eler.tropcllshio g.
These !'rocesses must be controlled wltb care, ot~erwlse
fahr.<;:ation cbaracterlstlcs are hindered and Impairment
ol corrosion-resi stance may e..~sue. The final surface
r.eatment Is "passivation" which produces a stronger
md better oxide film tbat will resist corrosion.
4.052 Pir.kllog Is accomplished by mlxi'd scilutloos of nitric,
sulphuric, hydrocblorlc ur by<lronuoric acids. For heavy
ecale, more tban oue plckllog batb may be required.
Solutions vary, depending upon scale tbickness and prior
treatment. Common solutions are 10-25 percent nitric
acid and I to 4 percent h>;~~!lflu:lric acid (by volume)
used at 12;i-140.t'.
4.053 A recommended solution fur passivation is 30 percent
nitric acid (by volume) beat<ld to 120-140F Cor 15 to
30 nrinutes, and followed by a water rlnse.

TEMP- F

FIG. 2.022 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (10)

CODE 1308
PAGE 6
':!".
t;_
>
i FeA
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOY S

280 ~TY==PB~32~1-,-------r------,-------,------,
Fe
\.:
lf3 Cr
10 Ni
+ Ti
TYPE 321

40~------~------~----~~----~-------4

0~---- ~------~---- --~--- ---~-- --~

0 0.120 0.240 0.360 0.480

STRAIN - IN PER IN

FIG. 3.03111 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES FOR TYPE 321 STAINLESS STEEL

BAR AT LOW TEMPERATURES (26)

Note: AMealed 0. 750 Inch dia bar

50 ...-----...- -----.,...-- -.....,

TYPE 321
0.063 IN HEET, T
ANN RT

400F
600F
800F
30 IOOOF

~
20
30 MIN TO 100 HR
EXPOSURE

TENSION

oL----L----~---J
0 0.002 0.004 0.006
OL---- -~---- ~----~ ~--~~-
160!.'
-~
2000
0 400 800 1200
STRAIN - IN PER IN
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.03112 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES FOR
SHEET AT ROOM AND ELEVAT- FIG. 3. 0312 SCATTER BANDS FOR TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
ED TEMPERATURES BAR AT ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
(11, p. 157-159) (12, p. 16-17)

I CODE 1308
......._,_,.,
PAGE 7
FeA
FERRQUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967

100
Fe

~~
TYPH 321.
0.040 IN SHBBT
18 Cr ANN
10 Ni 80 80

~~
'+
TYPE 321
Ti
60~ -60
f.!
- PTU

i=!
"' 40
... ~
-
40 60

20 40
--....::::: ~ ~
1+..:
FTY

~
HOLDINC TIMB STRAIN ATB

J: !i 20
l>C010SBC
o.sHR
o.~ IN/IN/MIN
&.c.
o 0.60
. eo60.o
~40 --..;;;:::: ....._
a; e(2 IN)
...
Ill
....
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

nn.t.P- F

PIG. 3. 0315 BPPBCT OF TBST TBMPBRATURB, HOLDING TIMB

AND STRAIN RATB ON TBNSILB PROPBRTIBS OF
SHBBT (13, p.129-131)

TBMP- p
PIG. 3.0313 BPPBCT OF TBST TBMPBRATIJRB ON TBNSILB
PROPERTIES OF BAR (9,p.60)

TYPB 321
80
~" liN BAR
CW 13% llBPORB ANN

'rYPB 321
~ -...... PTU

80 SHBBT 60

~
'
ANN
PTU
!'--.. ~ t 40
60
~
-
f.!
40

PTY
20
ct:::: t::::::::: ----PTY

20
eo o.063IN} 0
SHBBT
Al> 0.188 IN 80
....
0
eA 30MlN
o.C. 100 HR
....__
BXPOSURB

...z 40
RA
- ..__

Ill
0
~ ... ~
e ..: 40
...
Ill ANNTBMP
e I750F
0 2050P
~9
6/8
e(21N)
'#
D A 2200P 2/4
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMP- P
TBMP- F
P1G.3.0314 BPFBCT OF BXPOSURB AND TBSTTBMPERA-
TURB ON TBNSILB PROPERTIES OF SHBBT
PIG. 3.0316 BPPBCTOP ANNBALINGANDTBSTTBMPBRATURESO N
(ll,p.36) TBNSILB PROPERTIES OF BAR (9)

CODE 1308
PAGE 8
 Fe A
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS'ALLOYS

60
TYPE 321 Fe
.._- .... ___ l~cv
___,
0. 063 IN SHBBT
ANN
18
10
Cr
Ni
EXPOSURE
LpTY .~
+ Ti
e 30MIN
0 100 fJR
20 TYPE 321
0 200 400 600 BOO 1000

TBMP- P

PIG. 3.0322 EFFECT OP EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERATURE

ON COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH OF SHEBT
(ll,p.36)

SO TYPE 321

..... ......
..... .....
.....
-....
0. 064 Ill Sbeet, ADD, Trans
Compressive Streugth
Compjssive Yield I
...._ ..,
--
30
-400 -200 0 200 400
TBMP- P
TEST TEMPERATURE, P
PIG, 3.0317 EFFECT OP ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERA-
TURE ON TENSILE PROPBRTII!S OP ALLOY PIG. 3. 0323 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TRANSVERSE
(20) COMPRESSIVE YIElD STRENGTH OP 0.0641NCH
ANNEALED SHBET (26)

80
TYPE 321

60
~
~ !'----.
0.187 In Sheet
ADD, Trans

-400 -200 0 200 400

TBST TEMPERATURE, P

PIG, 3.0351 EFFECT OF TESTTEMPERATUR~ ON TRANSVERSE

SHEAR STRENGTH OP 0.187 ,!NCH ANNEALED SHEET
(26)

80
3q MIN TO 100 HR TYPE 321
0. 063 IN SHEET

"
EXPOSURE
ANN
i2 60
EXPOSUR~
e 30 MIN b.
~"su

0 100 HR
40
0 200 400 600 800 1000

STRAIN - IN PER IN TBMP- P

PIG. 3.03211 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES IN
COMPRESSION FOR SHEET PIG. 3.0352 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERATURE
ON SHEAR STRENGTH OF SHEET (ll,p.l24)
AT ROOM AND ELEVATED
TEMPERATURES
(1l,p.l60-162)
.)
'\. ._, CODE 1308
PAGE 9
Fe A
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967

160 :j 1
Fe ......,.,..

"

3 0r-----~--
TYPE 321 -----r------~TY~P~E~32~1-,
18 Cr 0. 063 IN SHEET

10 Ni 120 "'-- ..,,__ D

ANN
20b-~~~~~---=4--------r--~2~05
0, 043 IN SHEET
~0~F~
+ Ti fl FBRU
e/D = 1. s
80 1
TYPE 32 I ~ 10~-----4--~~~----
--~----~
EXPOSURE

40
30MIN
0 100 HR I FBRY
THERMAL EXPANSION
8 1--<~:--'lk:-------+- INCLUDED
1.62%
0 200 400 fj6~~~~~~~-----+--
600 800 1000 --~
TEMP F
FIG. 3,0361 EFFEC T OF EXPOSURE AND TEST
TEMPERATURE
ON BEARING PROPERTIES OF SHEET
(U,p.3 6)

HEATING RATE
2
rifji8 0F PER SEC

'77%
1L..-- .:___ .L____ __..l.-__ ___ J_ _ _ _ _ _....J
0,1J01 0.01 0.1 10
TIME HR
FIG. 3.042 SHORT TIME TOTAL STRAIN CURVE
S FOR SHEET
AT 1500 AND I800F
(16, p. 39)

.... ;

40~------T-------~--
----~------~
TYPE 321
0.045 IN SHEET
ANN

0.1 10 100 1000

IL-----~------~----~
TIME- HR 100 1000 10,000 100,000
FIG. 3.041 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVE TIME HR
S FOR
SHEET AT 1200 AND 1500F
(14, p. 3334)( 15,p. 42) FIG. 3.043 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR
SHEET
AT 1000 TO 1500F (12,p.5 )

CODE 130 8 , ....,

PAGE 10
REVISED MARCH 1967 FERROUS ALLOYS FeA

I I TYPE 321 Fe
From Simultaneous Bending and Torsion
Ann at 1950F for 30 Min, WQ \ 18 Cr
10 Ni

~
+ Ti
;.... v TYPE 32 I
0.20
-400 -200 0 200 400

TEST TEMPERATURE, F

FIG. 3.0611 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON POISSON'S RATIO

OF ANNEALED TYPE 321 STAINLESS STEEL
(26)

1500F

TYPE 321
10 100 1000 10,000 BAR

TIME- HR

FIG. 3.044 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR DAR AT 1100 TO

1500F (9, p.61)

i:i
820~----~-----+-----4~~~
:!
e DYNAMIC (9)
0 STATIC (18)(20)
16~----~----~~----~----~

BOr---r-------~------~------~ 0 400 BOO 1200 1600

TYPE 321
SHEET TEST TEMP- F
1850F, 20 MIN
FIG. 3.0621 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT ROOM
AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
(9, p. 127)(18. p. 17)

20

i:i
10
8 35
TYPE 321
6

4
u;
..,0:.: 30
- r----
"'
:J
-l
T, TEMP- F :J
c
t, TIME- HR 0
2 :::. 25
24 32 40 48 400 300 -200 -100 0 100

(T + 460)(20 + LOG t) x 10-3 TEMP- F

FIG. 3.045 MASTER CURVE FOR 0.2 PERCENT CREEP FIG. 3.0622 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF TYPE 321 STAINLESS STEEL AT
AND CREEP RUPTURE OF SHEET (17) LOW TEMPERATURES
(26)

CODE 1308
PAGE II
Fe A FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967

RBPBRBNCBS
I2r---~~----~----~TY~PE
003~2I01
Fe 1 AMS 55IO H, (January I5, I960)
BAR 2 AMS 5557 A, (July I, I957)
18 Cr 3 AMS 5559 A, (January IS, I958)
4 AMS 5S70 Go (January I5, I958)
10 Ni ~ I9~--~~=--r----+---~ 5 AMS 5576 C, (January IS, I958)
AMS 5645 G, (January IS, 1960)
+ Ti ~
6
7 AMS 5689, (Nowmber I, I9S2)
8 American lroa and Steel Institute, "Stainless and Heat
TYPE 321 Resisting Steels", Steel Products Manual, (June I9S7)
9 Timken Roller Bearing Co. , "Digest of Steels for High
Temperature Service", Sixth Bdition, (19S7)
0 400 800 I200 I600 IO North American Avlatioo, "Stainless Steel - Type 32I",
Msterlsls Property Manual and Summary Repon, AL-
TBSTTEMP- P 2604, (October 30, I9S7)
11 Miller, D. B., "Determlnatioo of the Physical Propenles
PIG. 3,063I MODULUS OF RIGIDITY AT ROOM AND
of Ferrous and NOD-Ferrous Structural Sbeet Materlsls
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (9, p.I27) at mewated Temperatures'', APTR 6SI7, Pt. 4, (Dec-
ember I954)
12 Slmmoos, W. F. and Cross, H. C., "Repon on the
mewated-Temperature Propenles of Stainless Steels",
ASTM STP No. I24, (January I9S2)
I3 Dotson, C. L. and ICattus, R. J. , "TensUe Propenles
of Aircraft Structural Metals at Various Rates of
Loadlug After Rapid Heating", WADC TR SS-I99, Pt. I,
(August I9S5)
14 Perlmutter, L , ''Stress Rupture Tests oo Sbeet Alloys
for High Temperature Applications", APTR No. 6!88,
TYPB 321 (July I9SO)
15 Perlmutter, L and RectOr, w. H,. ''Investigation of
Sbeet Msterlsls for Application at High Temperatures",
Ann at 1950
AFTR No, S712, (July I3, I948)
Min,WQ
I6 Van Bcho, J. A., Wirth, W, P. and Simmons, w. F.,
Ann---- ''Sbon-Tlme Creep Propenles of Structural Sbeet Mat-
erlsls for Aircraft and MlssUes", APTR No, 6731, Pt.
m, (May t95S)
17 Best, G. B., "321 Stainless Steel", General mectrlc
Oats Sheet, (August 27, 1958)
1& Garofalo, F., Malenock, P. R, and Smith, G. V., "'Ihe
lnfluence of Temperature on the Blsstic Coostants of
9.5L-----~------J-----~~----~--~ Some Commerclsl Steels", Symposium on Determination
of Blsstic Constants, ASTM STP No, 129, (June 2S, 19S2)
-400 -200 0 200 400 I9 Allegheny Ludlum, Blue Sheet, "Allegheoy Metal I8 -8C
and 18-8T", (August 1948)
TEST TEMPERATURB, P 20 ''U.s.s. I8-8TI (Corrosion Resisting Steel, Type 321)",
PUing Code" SS-43, Stainless Steel, (May I956)
PIG. 3.0632 MODULUS OF RIGIDITY AT ROOM AND ELEVATED
2I AMS 7211A, (January I, 1960)
TEMPERATURES FOR ANNEALED TYPB 32I
(26) 22 ASTM Standards, Pan 3, "Steel Sheet, Strip, Bar, Rod,
Wire, Metslllc Coated Products", Am. Soc. Testing
Mats., (February 1964)
23 ASTM Standards, Pan 3, "Steel Sbeet, Strip, Bar, Rod,
TYPE 32I
0.062 IN SHEET Wlre, Metslllc Coated Products", Am. Soc. Testing
Mats., (February I966)
ANN
24 ''Nickel Alloy Steel11", Second Bdition, International
Nickel Co., Inc., New York, (1949)
25 Welding Handbook, P:>urth. Bdltion, "Metals and 'Ibelr
WeldabUJty: A. 1.. l'blllifls (Bdltor), American Welding
Society, (1960)
26 Durilam, T. P,. McClliu.ock, R. M. and Reed, R. P.,
"Cryogenic Msterlsls Oats Handbook", U. s. Depan
ment of Commerce, (1960)
27 1965 Book of ASTM Standards, Pan 3, "Wrought lron Bar
30 MIN TO 100 HR and Sbeet, Metslllc Coated Products", ASTM, (1965)
EXPOSURE 28 "Index oi Specifications aDd Standards", Depanment of
Defense, Part I, Alphabetical Ustlng, Pan II, Numerical
Listing, (September 1964), Supplemented (March 31,
1965)
COMPR BSSION 29 I966 Book of ASTM Standards, Part I, "Steel; Piping,
Tubing, and Fittings", ASTM, (1966)
0 10 20 30 30 "Pipe and Tubes for mewated Temperature Service",
National Tube Div., United States Steel Corp,. lld1etln
1000 KSI No. 26, (1956)
3I '"nlblng-Stee1, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant (18-8 stab!
FIG, 3.064 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES llzed), Type 321 and 347", MSFC-SPEC-248, George
IN COMPRESSION FOR SHEET C. Marsball Space Flight Center, (AprU 23, 1963)
AT ROOM AND ELEVATED 32 Welding Handbook, PUtb Bdltion, "Metals and 'Ibelr
TEMPERATURES WeldabUJry", A. L. PbiUJps (Bditor), American Welding
(ll,p. 213-216) Society, (196S)

CODE 1308
PAGE 12
 FeA
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
.I ,
'\ ...) TABLE 1 042
L GBNBRAL Source AlSI 11, p. 37 ACI12 Fe
This austenitic stainless steel is one of the two stabilized M7 ~4R r"D.Qr"

188 steels. Because columbium forms a carbide of very

Tvoe
Percent Percent Percent 18 Cr
low solubility, the posslblllty of intergranular preclpltn max
tlon and of the associated intergranular corrosion are
min max min max min 12 Ni
- --- 1.50
practically ellm.lnated. Therefore, Type 347 Is used pri carbon 0.08 -
0,08 0.08
+ Cb
marUy either for parts fabricated by welding without post Manganese - 2.00 -
2.00
weld annealing or for long time service between 800 and SUicon --1.00 --
1.00
-
2.00
0.041
1500 P. Columbium 1s liBII&lly associated with the slmUar Phosphorus 0.045 0.045
element tnntnlum which Is Included 1n the columbium ana Sulfur - 0.030 -
0.030 - 0.041 TYPES 347,
21
lysis, specifying only the totnl of both elements. However, Chromium 17.00 19.00 17.00 19.00 18 348
tnntnlum 1s underslrable for nuclear applications and In
the variety Type 348, tnntnlum Is limited, therefore, to a
maximum of 0.1 percent. Types 347 and 348 are available
Nickel
Molybdenum
Columbium (a)
9,00 13.00

10XC
- --
9.00 13.m

10xC
- - - 9
-
12,
-
10xC(b 1.35(b
In all wrought forms and Type 347 castings are also pro- Tantslum -- -- -- -
0.10 - --
duced under the deslgnstlon CP-sc. Copper
Iron Balance ... -...
I. 01 Commercial Designation. Wrought: Type 347 and Type 348, (a) Tantslum included
east: CP -sc. (b) Cb alone, 8xC min and 1. 0 max

L02 Alternate Designations. 188 Cb stainless steel, colum-

bium stabillzed 18-8 steeL AISI Type 347 and 348 austen L06 HardenabWty. Alloy can be hardened only by cold work.
it\c stainless steels.
L07 Forms and Conditions Available
L03 Specifications. Type 347, Table I. 03. L071 The steells avallable 1n the lnl1 commercial range of sizes
Cor all forms of stainless steel products.
L072 All products are avallable In ~ annealed condition. Bar
TABLB 1 03 and wire are avallable also ln slightly cold worked condi-
AMS Ponn Mllltsrv tions.
5362C Cas tlngs, prec. lnves t.
53638 Cas tlngs, sand and centrlfug!U !. 08 Melting and Casting Practice. Blcctric furnace air melt.
5512B
Sheet, strlp; plate MlLS-6721, Type Cb-Ta Induction and consumable electrode vacuum melts.
5556A
Tubing, hydmullc
5558 I. 09 Special Canslderatlons
Tuti:.ng, welded thin v.-all
5571B MIL-T -8606, Camp G 347
Tubing, seamless
5575 MIL-T-6737, Camp G 347
Tubing, welded
56460 QQ-S-763, CL S(Federal) 2. PHYSICAL AND CHBMlCAL PROPBRTIES
Bar.: forgings, mech. tubing
5680B MIL-R-5031, Camp 3
Wlre, welding 2.01 Thermal Properties
5681A Mil -B-6844 Clss~ 5
Eleetrode coated weldlnv 2.011 Melting range. Types 347 and 348, 2550 to 2650 P. Type
CF -Be, approx 2600.
2.012 Phase changes. This steel Is subject to carbide precipl
L04 Composition tation after heating above 2150 F, followed by heating at
L041 AMS compositions for Type 347, Table I. 04L about 1200 F.

TABLE 1 041
AMS (3) (5) (7) (8)
I Snnrce AMS Ol AMS (2) A_MS_ (4) (6) AMS (9) AMS 00)
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
min max min max min max min max min max
min max

--
Carbon -- 0,12 -- 0.10 - 0.08 -- 0.08 0,07 - 0.08
2.0 2.0 - 2,00 2.00 2.00 1.25 2,50
Manganese
--
-- ---
1,0 1.5 o.so 1.00 o.so 1.00 0,50 1.00 0.80
SUtcon
Phosphorus 0.04 0.04 - 0.040 -- 0.040 -
-
0.040
-
0.040
Sulfur . -
18,0
0.03
19,5 17.0
0,04
20.0
-
17.00
0.030
19.00 17.00
0.030
19.00 17.00
0,030
20.00
0.030
18.00 21.00
Chromium 0

12.00
12.0 9.00 12.00 9.00 13.00 9.00 13.00 9.00
Nickel 10,0
-
14.0
0,50
9.00
- 0.50 - 0,50 - 0,50 - - - 0.50
Molybdenum
Columbium lOxC 1,50 10xC 1.35 lOxC 1.10 lOxC 1.10 UxC
-
-- lOxC
-
1.00
Copper
lr<>n
- Balance
0.50 - 0,50
llAlance
- 0.50
Bslance
- 0.50
Balance Balance
0.50
R.IAnce

L042 AlSI and ACl specified compositions for Types 347, 348, 2.013 Thermal conductivity, Fig, 2. 013,
Table L042. 2.014 Thermal expansion, Pig. 2. 014.
2.015 Specific heat, Pig. 2. 015.
1.05 Heat Treatment
2.016 Bmlsslvlty, Fig. 2. 016.
1. 051 Pull anneal
2.017 Dlffuslvlty, Fig. 2.017.
1.0511 Wrought products. 1800 to 2000 P, pre!crably 1800 to
1900 P., 1 hr per Inch thickness, 2 hr minimum !or plate, 2.02 Other Physical Properties
Curnac-: cool or alr cool. 2.021 Density, 0. 287 to o. 292 lb per cu ln. 7. 95 to s. 26 gr per
Castings. 1950 to 2050 P, quench or air cool. AMS 5363 cucm.
1. U512
specWes 1900 to 2000 P, 30 min minimum. 2.022 Electrical resistivity, ptg, 2. 022.
Stabilizing anneal Cor service at 800 to 1500 P, 1500 to 2.023 Magnetic properties. This steel 1s nonmagnetic In the
1.052
1650 p, 1 hr per inch thickness, 2 hr minimum Cor plate. annealed condition. PermeabUity of annealed material is
1.053 Stress relief alter fabrication. 1300 P. less than L 02. It becomes slighrly magnetic when sc..erely

CODE 1309
PAGE
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

cold worked to an extent similar to Type 302. After 20% TAB!.B 3 021
Fe cold work, permeS.billty is L S. Source _jll) (12)
Allov TVPe 34 and 34 1'"'1>-llr
18 Cr 2.03 Chemical Properties For:m Sheet, Plate Bar Wire Castings
12 Ni 2. 031 Corrosion resistance Strip
2. 0311 General corrosion resistance of this steel 1s s1mllar to Condltlon Ann
Ann Ann+
+ Cb that of Type 302, but it has a greater tendency to pitting CD fe:ner
2. 0312
corrosion and attack in streaks.
lntergranulsr corrosion is absent in this steel, unless it
Thlcknes s - in
Ftu - ksl 95
- 90
All
90
01162 lo.soo
100 120 100 77
-
TYPES 347, 1s overheated to above 2150 F. At this temperature colum F , - ksl 40 3S 3S 65 90 70 38
bium carbides are going into solid solution and subsequent
348 e('lin), - percent 4S so so 40 30 40 39
rapid cooling, followed by heating to 1200 F, will cause RA, -percent - - 65 60 60 60 -
- --
precipitations and reduce the resistance to intergranulsr Hardness, BHN 160 Bl 212 - 149
attack. A stablllzing anneal will restore the corrosion
resistance. Effect of annealing temperature on corrosion Impact strength
RB 85 - - - - -
2. 0313
rate, Fig. 2. 0312.
Stress cracking may occur in water contalnlng small
lzod Ft1b
Chsrpy keyhole
- - 10 - - - -
2, 0314
amounts of chlorides.
Passivating will improve the corrosion resistance.
- Ft lb - - - - - - 30

2. 032 Oxidation resistance. Same as Type 304.

2.04 Nuclear Properties. See Type 304 also.

2.041 Thermal neutron cross section is 2, 72 barns at a minimum
content of nickel, chromium and manganese, and 2. 96 barm vated temperatures, Fig. 3. 0313.
at a maximum content of these elements. 3,0314 Effect of low test temperature on tensile properties of bar,
2.042 Irra<lli.tion causes tantalum and cobalt to form the most Fig. 3, 0314.
active long lived isotopes. For nuclear application use 3, 031S Effects of annealing and test temperatures on tensile pro-
Type 348, with tantalum reduced to 0.10 percent maximum. perties of cold worked bar, Fig. 3. 0315.
3,0316 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties of castings,
Fig. 3, 0316.
3. MECHANICAL PROPBRTIFS 3.032 Short time properties other than tension
3.0321 Stress strain curves in compression !or sheet at room
3.01 Speclfled Mechanical Properties temperature and 1000 F, Fig, 3. 032L
3, Oil AMS specl!lcd mechanical properties, Table 3. 011. 3. 0322 Typical mechanical properties of sheet, Table 3. 0322.

TABLB 3 011
I :>c:urce AMS I AMS 2 AMS 3 AMS 8) AMS 5) AMS 4 6 7
Alloy TYpe 347
Castings, Castings, Sheet, Tubing, Tubing
Sand, Strip. Bar. Welded Seamless or welded
Form invest. Centrif. Plate Tubln~t Thin Wall
Condition ST
00 -in
Thickness - in
-- -- -- ---
-
- <0.016
~0.188
>0.016
>0. 188 to 0. 500
~0.010 ::>0. 010
>0.500
<0.010 >0.010
Ptu, mln -
ksi -- -
-- - 75 75(b) 75(b) 75(b) 75(b) - 75(b)
max -
ksl 100
- --
- lOS 120 105 115 105 120 105

--- -
F~ min - ksi 35 30(b) 30(b) 30(b) 30(b) 30(b)
e 'in),mlri-percent
Tube ---
40
- -
-
40
-
33
-
35
-
3S
-
35 30
- -
35
Strip
Hardness
- - - 35 - - 30 30 25 30

-- - --- ---
-- ---
BHN, max - 180 - - -
--- --- -- ---
so.7s mli - 170
max -- -
--
255 -
-- --
>O. 75 to l50mli
-max - -
163
255 -
-- -- -- -
--- -- -- -- -- -- --- -- --
:>1.50 -min - 140
max -- 241
- -- -- --
RB min - 75(a) - -
-max 88 - - 90(a) - - - -
(a) Values for tubing only, all other values for bar
(b) Values for hydraulic tubing only

3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature. See 3. 03

also. -- TAB! B 3 0322
3. 021 Mechanical properties o! various products, Table 3. 021. Source 31
3.022 Effect of exposure to elevated temperatures on mechanical AlloY TV"P :t47
Fonn 0 M:t a. ....
properties, Fig. 3, 022.
Condition Ann Frn =868 ksi
Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures
Test Temp - F RT 1000 F 000 R 100 brext>Osure
3.03
3.031 Short time tension properties Pcy, typ- ksl 54.2 38.2 38.7
3. 0311 Stress strain curves to failure at room and elevnted tern- Fsu, typ - ksl 75.3 39.9 39.7
peratures, Fig. 3. 011. Fbru, typ - ksi
3. 0312 Stress strain curves for sheet at room and elevated tem- =
(e/0 1.5\ 157.1 91.2 97
peratures, Fig. 3, 0312. Fbt~ typ - ksl
3.0313 Scatter band o! tensile properties of bar at room lllld ele- ;yo_=1.5) 82.3 60.8 61.5

CODE 1309
PAGE 2
 FeA
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

3.033 Ststic stress concentration effects

Fe-18Cr-12NI+Cb
1.- Fe

v
20 AI""
3.04 Creep and Creep Ruprure Properties
3.041 Creep and creep ruprure data for sheet from various
18 Cr
sources exhibit descrepancies and large scattering. 12 Ni
/
-
3.042 Total strain curves for sheet at 1200 to 1600 F, Fig. 3. 042.
+ Cb
v
v
3.043 Short time total strain curves at 1200 to 1800 F, Fig. 3. 043.

-
3.044 Creep rupture curves for bar at 800 to lSOO F, Fig. 3. ().;4.
!-- ....
3.04S Creep rupture curves for bar and tubing in dlfierenr an-
~---- TYPES 347,
nealed conditions at 1000 to 1300 F, Fig. 3. 04S. __,..
348
3. OS Fatigue Properties. Table 3. OS.
1-
.....
...... .....-- (IS)

Source
Form
TARI.R 3 no;
114. p 8)
Not~iztven
8 .... - .. ......
--- (16)
Condition Not sdven -400 0 400 800 1200 1600
Temp Method Suess Stress Fatigue Strength - ksl
at cycles TEMP- F
F Ratio Concen-
A R tratlon 108 FIG. 2.013 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
RT Smooth 43 (IS) (16)
Notched,
q=1.0 17
1000 Smooth 3S
Notched,
q=1,0 12.S

Fe-18Cr-12Mo +Cb
3.06 Blastic Properties 11 BAR
3.061

3.062
Modulus of elasticity at room and elevated temperarurcs,
Fig. 3, 061.
Modulus of rigidity at room and elevated temperarures,
u.
..:
ttl
0..
ANN

~
v ........

3,063
Fig. 3.062.
Tangent modulus curves in compression for sheet at room
temperarure and 1000 F, F lg. 3, 063.
as 10
..:
ttl
0.. 7/ MEAN COBF LINEAR

.0
i!5
9 ~ THER'fL EXPA~SION

i/
4. FABRICATION. Similar to Type 302. Only complementary /'7
and different information Is listed below. FROM RT TO TEJ INDICAiED

4,01 Forming and Casting 8

4.011 General. For severe forming operations the nickel content --06)
of this steel should be kept preferably on the high side, - - - (30)
laterstage aMeallng can be performed within a compara- -400 0 400 800 1200 1600
tively' wide range of temperarures. After fabrication a
TEMP- F
stress rellef or stabilizing aMeal Is recommended.
4.012 Casting. This steel Is the only stabilized 188 grade used
FIG. 2. 014 THERMAL EXPANSION (16)(30)
In form of castings, as Type 321 Is dlffjcult to melt and
cast because of loss of titanium. Castings may be used In
the as cast condition but are usually supplied In the an-
nealed condition.

4. 03 Weldlag
4. 031 Fusion welding of this alloy Is more dlfiicult than that of
other 18-8 grades and Type 304 L has a considerably better
weldablllty. Heavy sections may crack during welding or
subsequent heating. Postweld annealing Is not required, al-
though a stress rellef Is recommended.

Fel8Crl2NHCb
0.16 ( BAR /
u;
~
2000 F, I HR, WQ

l--- ~
v
re 0.12
~
v SFBCIFICrBAT

0. 08
-400
/ 0 400 800 1200 1600
TEMP- F

FIG. 2. OIS SPECIFIC HEAT

(16)

f--c_oo_E__I3_@,
 FERR OUS ALLOYS REVISE D MARCH 1963

1.0
Fe Pe-18Cr-12Nl~Cb
0, 032 IN SHBBT
18 Cr OXIDIZE p 2000P, OMIN IN!AIR
12 Ni 0,9 ~

+ Cb 80
TorAL HBjSPHBRICAIL
0,8 BMISS~VITY
0 400 800
TYPES347, 1200 1600 2000
TBMP- P
348
PIG. 2, 016 EMISSIVITY
(17)

0.20
Fe-18Cr-12Nl tCb
v
BAR
2000 F, I HR, WQ
/ '
0.16 \ ,._ v v
DlFFUSIVITY

0 400 800 1200 1600 ~ 80

TBMP-F (-o
PIG. 2. 017 DIFPUSIVITY
(16)
"" IE IZOD
~ ~----L-----L---~~~
0 RT llOO 1200 1300
TBMP- p

FIG. 3. 022 BFPBCT OF BXPOOURE TO

60
Pe-18Cr-1 2Nl +Cb ELEVATED TBMPBRATURBS ON
MECHANICAL PROPBRTIBS
I

I~>
BLBCTRICAL
RBSISTIVITY
--- -- - (21, p. 65)

20 --(18)
0 400 800 1200 I600
TBMP -F

PIG. 2. 022 BLllCTRICAL RESISTIVITY

(ISX18)

0.01 RT
Pe-18Cr-1 2Nl +Cb
0,005

.4~
....... -- -......
............ te 20~---+---~----~~

CORROSI~ RATB
IN BOILING 65% HN03 TENSION
O.OOOI 0~----L-----L-----~~
1000 1200 0 0.20 0,40 0.60
1400 1600
iiNNBALING TBMP - P STRAIN-IN PBR IN

FIG. 2,0312 BPPBCT OF ANNEALING TBMPBRATURB PIG. 3,0311 STRESS STRAIN CURVBS TO
ON CORROSION RATB PAILURB AT ROOM AND
BLBVATBD TBMPBRATURBS
(19, p 27)
(WB5nNGHOUSB, BBTTIS 1957)
(22) .
.... ,.,

qooE -1309
PAGE 4
 FeA
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe-18Cr 7 12Nl+Cb
ANN BAR
200

160 \ 12
+
Ni
Cb

"'
F'IU
lil
:.: TYPES347,
120
.... 348
10
I\
0
0 0.001 o. 002 o. 003
STRAIN - IN PBR IN
o. 004 o. 005
80

40
.. _
FTY

FIG. 3. 03l2 STRESS STRAIN CURVES FOR SHEBT AT

ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
(25, p. 70-74)
~0
80
....
_RA --a. ....---
cz: 40
__..,.. el2 IN\
~

...
til

Fe-18Cr~l2Nl +Cb lOO 0

-400 -200 0
--
200
1 IN BAR
TEMP- F
ANN
FIG. 3,0314 EPF~C'IOF LOW TEST
TEMP6Rl.'hJRB ON TBN-
SlLb PROPERTIES OF BAR
(20, p. 66)

60

~
Fe-18Cr-12Nl+Cb
80 liN BAIL
20 ""' ~ CW 13% BEFORE ANNEAL

60
.. ~

~~
Fru
M~
40
0
~ FTY
80

20
1--- .A
- '1.__._

40

0
~0
;j 80
80 __. r\:
--
--
RA
..."'
40
ANN EMPGS
el750F 8/9
e(2IN)
...... r
"""" '""'I

020SOF
0 7{81
0 A: 2200R
0 400 800 1200 1600
0 200 600 800 1000 1200
TEMP- F
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0313 SCATTER BAND OF TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF BAR AT ROOM FIG. 3. 0315 EFFECTS OF ANNEALING AND TEST TEMPERATURES
AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF COLD WORKED BAR
(26, p. 21-24) {29)

CODE 13091
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

80 r-----~----~----~----~------
Fe Fe-18Cr12NHCb
INVEST CASTING
18 Cr
12 Ni
+ Cb

1or-------,_--~~~~-----+--~~~CH
AS CAST
0 + 1950 TO 1975 F, I HR. RAC 8r------+------~~~~--~~~
0
6

0.01 1.0 100

TIMB- HR

FIG. 3. 042 TOTAL STRAIN CURVES FOR SHBBT AT 1200 TO

1600 p
(24)

e (liN)
0
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
TBMP F

FIG. 3. 0316 BFFBCT OF TEST TBMPBRATURB ON

TBNS1LB PROPERTIES OF CASTINGS
(23)

40

30

20

2
10

0
0.001 0. 002 . o. 003 o. 004 o. 005 0.01 0.1 10
STRAIN IN PBR IN TIMB- HR

FIG. 3. 0321 STRESS STRAIN CURVES IN COMPRESSION FIG. 3, 043 liHORT TlMB TOTAL STRAIN CUR VBS AT 1200
FOR SHBBT AT ROOM TBMPBRATURB AND 1000 F TO 1800 F
(13, p. 155) (18)

CODE 1309
PAGE 6
 - \,:.tt

REVIS ED MARC H 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

100
Fe
-+Fe-1 8Cr-12 NH-Ch
80 -- BAR '--- 18 Cr
60 '
ANN
''"" ___
800 F
12 Ni
+ Cb
1-- - ...._
40
-1- -- 1000F liN BAR
TYPES 347,
348
20
~ :-...... 10
0

e
1700 F, AC - GS 8
1900 F, WQ - GS 2 TO 4
2250F, WQ -GS I TO 3
.............. V TUBING, 1750 F, WQ GS 3 TO 5

~
10
~ 1200 F

t--. ~
8
~6 ~ ~
........... 1350 F
~
4
""" ~
2
f"- RUYfURB

~
10
10 100 1000 10,000
RUP i"u&E TIME- HR
500 F
FIG. 3. 045 CRBBP RUPTURE CURVES FOR BAR AND TUBING
ooo IN DIFFERENT ANNEALED CONDmONS AT 1000
!00 1000 10 000 100 (21, p. 67)
TO 1300 F
TIME -HR

ROO
FIG. 3.044 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR BAR AT
TO 1500 F (26)
12 r--- .,-- -...- ---. ---
Fe-18Cr-12NI +Cb

8
0 200 400 600 800
TEMP- F

FIG. 3.062 MODULUS OP RIGIDITY AT ROOM

AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
(22)

Fe-18Cr-12Nl-tCb
28 ~~~r-----+-~B~AR~----~

~
~20r----r----r---~~=~
__ (28)
--- (27)

16_~--~~--~~--~~ --~
0 1200 1600
400 BOO
TBMP- F

FIG. 3. 061 MODULUS OF ELAS11CITY AT ROOM

AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
(27, p. !7) \28, p. 82)

CODE 1309
PAGE 7
 FERROUS ALLOYS REV I SED MARCH 1963

Fe Fe-18Cr-12Nf.!Cb

ee
12
+
Cr
Ni
Cb
so

40
"''\~ .o..o6.31N~
ANN

TYPES347, "'< -R.T

""' """'
30
348
i2
20

10
""
OOOF-"
l/2TOIOO HR
EXPOOUR.B
)-.....

"'
COMPRESSION REFEREN CES
0
0 8 16 24 32 I AMS 5362 C, (March 1, 1955)
1000 KSI 2 AMS 5353 B. (Apr. 15, 1958)
FIG. 3. 063 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES 3 AMS 5512 B, (Dec. I, 1950)
IN COMPRESSION FOR SHEET AT ROOM 4 AMS 5555 A, Quly I. 1957)
AND ELBVATE D TEMPERATURE AND 5 AMS 5558, Qan. 15. 1958)
1000 F 6 AMS 5571 B. Oan. 15, 1958)
(13, p. 212) 7 AMS 5575 F, Qan. JS. 1958)
8 AMS 5646 D, (March 1, 1955)
9 AMS 5680 B. Oune J, 1951)
10 AMS 5581 A, Qune I. 1951)
JI American Iron and Steel lnstittr.e, "Stainless and Haft Resisting
Steels", Steel Products Manual, p. 37, Oune l9J7)
12 Alloy Casting Institute, "Corrosio n Resistant Type '~l BC",
Data Sheet, Oune 1954)
13 Miller. Donald E., "Determin ation of the i~1yaical Properties
o( Ferrous and Non-Ferro us Structural Efleet Materials at Ele-
vated Temperat ures", WADC AFTR No. 6517, P:. 4, (Dec. ......... .
1954)
14 General Electric Co.. "Type 347 Stainless Steel". ME-l, (1954)
15 Ho63n, C. L. and Sawyer, R. B.. "Thermal Conductlvlcy o!
Metals at High Temperat ure", journal of Applied Physics, Am-
erican Institute o! l'hysics, Vol. 23, p. 177-180, Oan. -Dec.
1952) .
16 Lucks, C. F. and Deem, H. w.. "Thermal Properties a! Thir-
teen Metals", ASTM STP No. 227, (1958)
17 Wade, W. R.. "Measure ments of Total Hemisphe rical Emissiv-
ity o! Several Stably Oxidized M~-tals and Some Refractory Oxide
Coatings" . NASA Memo. 1-20-59 L. Oan. 1959)
18 North American Aviation Inc "Material s Pro;lCrty Manual and
Summary Report", (Oct. 30, 1957)
19 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp., "Stainless Steel Fabricatio n",
(1958)
20 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp., "Stainless Steel Handbook",
p. 66, (1956)
21 Tlmken Roller Broring Co., "Digest of !:oteels for High Temper
ature Service, Timken I8J2 and Columbium Stainless Steel
(AISI 347)", (1957)
22 Westingho use Electric Corp . "Bettis Plant Materials Manual,
Properties of A lSI Type 347 and 348 Stainless Stct'!l", (May 1957)
23 Haynes Stellite Co., "Haynes Investmen t-Cast Steels", (April
1958)
24 Miller, j., Smith, L. M. and Porter, P. K., "Utilizatio n of
Lo'N AIIO'J Materials for High Temperat ure Service Applicatio n",
AFTR No. 59~. Oune 1949)
25 Bell Aircraft Corp., "Short-Ti me Hlgh-Tem peratur& Data",
Rp. No. BLR 53195, Quly 16, 1954)
26 Simmons, W. F. and Cross, H. c.. ''111e Elevated -Tempera -
ture Properties of Stainless Steels", ASTM STP No. 124, (1952)
27 Garofalo, F .. Malenock, P. R. and Smith, G. V., ''111e Jnnu-
ence of Temperat ure on the Elastic Constants of Some Commer-
cial Steels", Symposiu m on Determln atlu' o! Elastic Constants
,
ASTM STP No. 129. Oune 25, 1952)
28 Tlmlcen Roller Bearing Co . "Resume of High Temperat ure
Investigat ions Conducted During 1948-50", (1950)
29 nmken, "Resume' or High Temperat ure Investigat ions Conduc-
ted During 1957-59, .. (1959)

CODE 1309
PAGE 8
 Fe A
REV I SED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

1.053 Stress rellef

1. GBNBRAL
These two austenitic stainless steels contain molybdenum, 1.0531 1175 to 1225 F, air cool. This treatment Is applied to hot
worked or bot cold wodced matetlal for service up to 1300F.
Fe
wngsten, and other elements which Increase their high
temperslllre sttengtb properties. They are not best ttest- AMS 5527A and 5539 state for blgb stteDgtb to 1000 F and 20 Cr
able, but can be hardened to a limited extent by cold work- oxldstlon resistance to 1600 F. It Is also applied to cold
Ing or bot cold working. They are available In all wrought
worked matetlals Immediately after working to prevent 10 Ni
stress cmcklng, .
forms. 1n chemical composition 19-9 OL contains colum-
1.0532 AMS 5720A, 572111, 5722A, 5723, 5724 and 5729 give 1.5 Mo
bium which baa been eliminated and replaced by a higher
molybdenum and titanium content In 19-9 DX. The proper-
1200 F minimum, 4 br minimum. This ttesttneut Is
applied to bar after final rolling and to forglnga.
1.5 w
ties of 19-9 OL and 19-9 DX are practicslly Identical.
1.054 Age
For welding these alloys, wire and coated electtodes or 1,0541 Bar and forgings. 120il to 1400 F.
slightly different compositions, designated as 19-9 WX
or 19-9 WMo, are uaed.
1.0542 Castings. AMS 5369A gives 1575 to 1625 F, 8 br miDI.- 19-9 DL 8
./ mum,mconl.Tblsttesttnent~bestpr~

1.01 Commercial Designations. 19-9 OL, 19-9DX, 19-9W

for aervlce above 1300 F. 19-9 ox
(welding wire, coated electtodes). 1.05 Ha<denabll~ This alloy can be hardened only by cold
1.02 Altemate Oeslguatlons. 19-9 WMo (coated electrodes). wodc or, to o. limited extent, by hot working at relatively
low tempemtnres, l. e. , bot cold wodclng.
1.03 Speclftcatlons, Table 1.03.
1.07 Forms and Co:!.dltions AvaUable
1.071 The alloy Is available In the fllll mnge of commercial
sizes for sheet, strip, plate, bar, wire, forgings and
Allov AMS
19-9 OL ,536QA ....
TAB'"
~
- ~ ST+aire
m
....... ~
tubing. The 3lloy Is also available In form of san:! cast-
Ings.
55268 Sheet, strip, plate (ST) 1.072 All pro:lucts are available In the annealed, bot worked,
5527A Sheet, strip, plate (stress hot cold wodced, or cold wodced and stre.ls relieved con-
relieved) ditions. Bu Is also avallable In the solution treated and
5720A Bsr, .>1. to 1. 5 lnch(stt rei) stress relieved condition.
57218 Dar,< 1 lnch(stt rel)
5722A ~r.fCJl'lllmrs(stt rel)and bUiets 1. Oa Me1!1ng and Casting Pmctice. l!lecttlc arc fnmace melt.
19-9 OX 5538 Sheet, stdp, plate (ann) ] 1. 09 Speclal. Consldemtions
5539 Sheet, strip, plate (stress 1. 091 Alloy Is susceptible to stress cmcklng after forming unless
relieved) stress relieved or annealed.
5723 Bs;r:. rorglngs(stt rel)forglng stock 1. 092 Heating at tempemlllres In the vicinity or 1100 ID 1200 F
5724 Bsr, :C:1 lnch(stt rei) seosltlzes the alloy, I.e., develops susceptlblllty to
5729 Dar:~ 1. 5 lncbfstt rel\ lntergmnular attack.
19-9WX 5782 Wire weldtDV MIL-R-503L Comn6 1. 093 Alloy may cmck after cold wodc or welding unless annealed
19-9WM 5783 Wire coated electrodes MIL-l! 6844. Cl 6 or stress relieved,

1.04 Composition. Table 1. 04. 2. PHYSICAL AND CHI!MlCAL PROPI!RTIHS

TAR!.~ :, 04
~MS (1) AMS (2X3)(4) AMS (7)(8X9)
Source Casrlna ISM6> (lO)(ll) AMS (12) AMS (13)
Allov a-a nr 19-9 ox 19-9WX 19-9WMo
Percent Percent Percent Percent Pell~t
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
Carbon 0,28 0,35 0,28 0.35 0.28 0,35 0,07 0,13 0.07 0.13
Msnpne1e o. 75 1.50 0,75 1,50 o. 75 1,50 1,00 2.00 1.(1 2.5

--.. ---
Silicon 1.00 0,30 0,80 0.30 0,80 - 1,00 1.0
Pho1phorus
Sulfur
0.04
0,04
-
,; ~ :
0,040
0.030
-
-
0,040
0.030
-- 0,040
0,030
O.Ot
0,03
Chromium 18.00 2.'.. 00 111.00 21.00 18.00 21.00 19.00 22.00 18.0
Nickel 6,00 11.00 !. 00
- 11.00 8,00 ll,OO 8,00 9.50 8.0
21.0
9.5
Molybdenum 1.00 1, 75 1,00 1. 75 1.25 2,00 0.35 0,65 0,35 0,65
Tungsten 1,00 ).75 .too 1. 75 1,00 1, 75 1.25 1. 75 1.25 1. 75
Columbium+
Tantalum
Tltsnlum
O,Jil
0,15
c.. 70
0, 50
0.25
0,10
0,60
0,35
- o.-75
0.40
J.OO
0,10
1.40
0,30
0. 75
-
1.2
0.15
Coppet
Iron
- Balt,occ
0,50 - Bslance
0,50 - Bslance0,50 - 0,50
Balance
- 0,5
Balabce

1.05 Heat TrmttnCllt 2.01 Thermal Prop=-tties

1.051 Anneal 2.011 Melting mage. 2590 to 2615 F,
1.0511 lhr and forgl.ng1, 1800 to 2150 F, mpld al:: cool, oil or 2.012 Transformation tempemlllre. None.
Ylater quench depending on section size, 2.013 Thermal conductivity, Fig. 2.013.
1.0512 Sheet and strip. 1650 ID 1800 F, mpld ,air cool, AMS 55268 2,014 The:mal expansion, Fig. 2, 014.
and 5538 give 1775 to 1825 F, air cool. Higher tempem- 2,015 5;>eclflc beat. 0.10 Btu per (lb F).
lUres should be avolded to prevent resolution and precipi-
tation of carbldes. 2,02 Other Poyllcal Properties
1.0513 Castings. AMS 5369A gives 1950 to 2050 F, 1/2 br, min- 2.021 Deoslty. 0. 287 lb per cu ln. 7. 94 gr per cu em.
Imum, air cooL. 2.022 mectrical resistivity. 30,6 microhm ln.
1.052 Solution treat. S:lme as anneal.
''.
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISE D MARCH 1963

2.023 Magnetic properties . Alloy Is nonmagne tic. Permeabil - 3.0321

Fe Ity, Table 2. 023.
Effect of test tempo:rature on compressi ve yield strength
of sheet, Fig. 3, 0321.
20 Cr TABLE 2 023
3,0322 Effect of test temperature on bearing properties of sheet,
Is...,,.,.. Fig. 3. 0322.
10 Ni Condition
4 n 6\ 3,0323 Effect of test temperature on Impact strength of bu, Fig.
MaR!Ietlc Permeabll ltv at 20. Oersteds 3.0323.
1.5 Mo Sf(1800F) , .AC 1.005 3.033 Static stress concentration effects
Sf(1800F) , WQ
1.5 w ST+1500 F
1.030
1. 014 to 1. 018 3,04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
HW+1200 F 1.090 3.041 Creep rupture <:WVes for ixlr at 1000 to 1500 F, Fig. 3.041.

19-9 DL a 2.03 Chemlcal Properties

3.05
3,051
Fatigue Properties
Fatigue properties of blt, Table 3. 051.
19-9 ox 2.031
2. 0311
Corrosion resistance
General corrosion resistance Is very similar to that of
austenitic stainless steels with a correspon dingly high
TABLE 3 051
carbon content. Source (14, p. 10)
2.0312 lntergmnular corrosion may occur In certain environments Form 7/81n Bar
unless annealed t 1800 F, followed by rapid cooling. Condition HW +1200 F. AC
Heating to tempemtu res between 1100 and 1200 F will Temp Method Stress Stress Fatigue Strength-k sl
ag.ln sensitize this steel.
F
2. 0313 To avoid stress cmcldng after cold working or welding ~t~ Cone en-
the steel should 1>3 Immediate ly stress relieved orannea.bd. A R tratlon
2.032 Oxidation resistance Is good up to 1750 F for continuous RT Rot -1 Smooth
service and up to 1450 F for Intermitte nt service. 1000. beam "' K=1
81
62
1200 52
Nu:lar Properties
3.05 Blastic Properties
3. 3.051 Modulus of elasticity at room and elevated temporatu res,
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Fig. 3,051. '
3.01 3.052 Modulus of rigidity at room and elevated tempemtu res,
Specified Mecll:lnlcal Propettles
3.011 .AMS spe.-::lftcd mecb.~nlcal properties , Table 3. 011. Fig. 3.062.
3.063 Puis son's mtio. 0. 286

TABLH3 011
AMS (2)(7) AMS (3)(8) AMS (5)(10) AMS (4)(11)
Source AMS (6)(9) AMS(1) AMS (12)
Allov
Fe-20Cr-1 0Ni- .5Mo- . SW
Form Sheet, strip, plate Casting, Wire,
Bar Bar Forging sand 'lll!ldlng
Stress
Condition Ann Ann+ CD
Relieved Stress Rel!eved Stress Relieved
Thlr~nP. . ARe
ptu' min
- In

-ksi
All
95
~0.25 <1 >Ito 1.5 - All -
max
125
-
120
-
100
-
100 - - 110
F~, min
-ksl 120
- -- - 150

--
45
-ksl
e ( In), min - percent 30
90
12
90
-
80
-
70
- - --
-- --
e~4 D), min -percent
R , min -percent 18 18 20 - - -
Haxdneas,
BHN,mln
35 35 .40 - -
'

-
- - 269
max
AMS 5526B gives Sf condition.
- - 321
269
321
228
277
228
269
-
229
-
-
3.012 Additional AMS 5722A and 572:1 requireme nts.
3.01:.!1 Bar. Rupture time at 1197 to 1203 F, 43 ksl, 100 hr 4. FABRICATION
minimum. Elong>tlon (4D) at 43 to 60 ksl, 15 percent
minimum. 4.01 Formillg and_~~
3.0122 Forgings. Rupture time at 1197 to 1203 F, 31 ksi (T) or 4.011 Genom! forming properties oC sheet, strip an~ plnte, an-
40 ksl (L), 100 hr minimum. Elongation (40) at above nealed at 1800 F, are similar to those oC the austenitic
stress to 60 ksl, 12 percent minimum. stainless steels. The alloys consume greater p~wer,
stmln haxden more rapidly and require more frequent Inter
3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperatu re. SJe 3. 03 mediate anneals wheo forming p3rts In seveml operations .
also. Severe cold formln;t should ba followed Immediate ly by a
3.021 Hardness of bu and forgings varies b>tween 185 and 320 full anneal or a stress relief at 1200 F, to avoid stress
BHN, depondlng on processing and annealing history. cmcklng.
Haxdness of sheet may vary b>tween 90 RB and 30 RC. 4.012 Forging. Starting temperature for parts mnglng ftom 5
3.022 TensUe properties depend upon processing . FlU may vary to 1000 lb, 2050 F mal<lmnm, fl.nlshlng tempo:rature !SOOF
between about 100 and 150 ksi, Fty ootween 4U and 120 minimum. When the hot cold worked cnndltion Is desired,
kat, and e between 60 and 15 percent. forging tempemtu re may 1>3 as low as 1200 F effecting
20 :o 40 percent reductions between 1SOO and 1200 F.
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Vadous Temperatu res
3,031' Slott time te:ulon properties 4.02 Machining
3.0311 Effect of test tempemtu re on tensUe properties of stress 4.021 Recommendations for obtalnlng the beat machln9.bUtty of
relieved sheet, plnte and lnr, Fig. 3. 0311. bar Include annealing, 15 to 20 po:rcent cold dmwlng, and
3.0312 Effect of test tempemtu re on tensUe properties of annealed stress relieving at 1200 F with a hardness of 20J to 240
sheet and plnte, Pig 3. 0312. BHN. Hot cold worked and stress re11eved material pos-
3.032 Slott time properties other than tension sesses similar machining chamcted stics. Where such
matedall s not available, annealing at 1650 F to a luxd-

CODE - 1311
PAGE 2
REVISED MARCH 1963 . FERROUS ALLOYS

nl!ss of 185 to 200 BHN :s recommended. Fe

4.022 Alloy can be machined by all common techniques used for
austenitic st.tllnless steels. The tool wear will b higher 20 Cr
thm with the 300 sedes steels. Heavy sulfur lnse lubri-
cants are recommeaded. 10 Ni
Welding
1.5 Mo
4.03
4.031 The !llloy h readUy weldable by all common technlques. 1.5 w
4.032 For fusion welding 19-9 DL and 19-9 DX, spe::lal gmdes
of bare wire and coated electrodes have ben developed nnd
are avaUable under the trade names 19-9 WX and 19-9
WMo. Stress relieving of welded p3ns at 1200 F minimum
FROM RT TO TEMP 19-9 DL a
IND CATED
and, prefembly, full annealing ~t 1800 F, followed by air
cooling, are recommended.
8
-400 0 400 800 1200 1600 19-9 ox
TBMP-F
4.04 Heac!ng and Heat Treating. Heating should be accomplish-
ed In a neutral or sllghtly oxidizing aanosphre, prefembly. FIG. 2,014 THBRMAL BXPANS10N (14, p. 5)

4. OS Surface Treating. Pickling of this aHoy should be per-

formed ln a molten salt bath, such as sodium hydride.
This should be followed by pickling for a few minutes ln
an 8 to 15 percent sulfuric acid solution at 130 to 140 F,
rinsing and dipping In 8 to 12 percent nitric acid, 1 percent
hydrofluoric acid at 110 F. U acid pickling Is to be per-
formed, the material should be first annealed at 1650 F
or higher.

Pe-2 r-10NI-1. SMo-l.SW

SHEBT, PLATH, BAR
120
HW+ 1200F

--+-~~t._!...=---1----lso ~

J.

0
T SHBBT 19-9DX~
BAR 19-9DL (IS)
0. 100 IN SHEBT
19 - 9 DX
A0.250INPL ATBj
A BAR 1 -9DL

Fe-20Cr-10 ~1-1. 5Mo- .sw

v
~
v
.. ..., v v
0 400 1600 2000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMP -F
FIG. 3. 0311 EFFECT OF TEST TBMPBRATURB ON TBNSILB
(14, p. 5)
PIG. 2.013 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY PROPBRTIBS CF STRBSS RELmVBDSHE BT,
PLATB AND BAR (14, p. 8, 18)(15)

CODE
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

Fe
20 Cr 120

10 Ni
1.5 Mo ~---+--~~~--t----+----480~
1.5 w
~
80 -....1...~-:-+------t .j()
19-9 DL a "'

19-9 ox
~40
I

"' 0
i=
80 80~--~~--~~--~~--~~~=
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TEMP -F

FIG. 3. 0322 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPBRAnJRB ON IIBARJNG

PROPBRTIBS OF SHEET {16)
~ 80

~
re40~~~~~r-~--~
0
0 800 1200 1600 2000
TEMP-F

FIG. 3. 0312 BPFBCT OF TEST TBMPI!RA1URB ON TBNSILB

PROPBRTIBS OF ANNEALED SHBET AND PLATE
(14, p. 18, 19)

60

oro
~
'"'"' 20

0
0 400 800 1200 1600
TBMP-F
-.roo 0 400 800 1200 1600
TBMP-F
FIG. 3. 0321 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON
FIG. 3. 0323 EFFECT OF TEST TBMPBRAnJRB ON IMPAc:I'
COMPRESSIVE YmW STRBNGnl OF
SHBBT (15, p. 63-4. 10) STRBNGnl OF BAR (14, p. 9)

CODE 1311
P.ll.r.F 4
 teA
REVISE~ MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
.,,
'.,
~
Fe
20 Cr
10 Ni
~2~--~--~~~=-~--~ 1.5 Mo
1.5 w
~
19-9 DL a
800 1200 19-9 ox
TBMP P

PIG. 3.061 MODULUS OF BLASTICl.TY AT ROOM

AND BLBVATBD TBMl'HRA.nJRES
(14, p. 6XI5, p. 6-3-4.3)

12

e DYNAMIC (14)
6 ---19-9 IJL (15)
0 -I(;0:==-8:!-::00::---:1200~---:-1600~
PIG. 3. M1 CllBBP RUPIURB CURVBS POR BAR AT TBMPP
1000 TO 1500 P (14, p. 12)
PIG. 3. 062 MODULUS OP RIGIDITY AT ROOM
ANI:' BLBVATBD TBMPBRATIIRES
(14, p. 6X15, p. 6-3-4. 3)

RBFBRBNCBS
I AMS 5369 A, Uune 15, 1950)
2 AMS 5526 B. Uune 15, 1950)
3 AMS 5527 A. (Nov. I, 1954)
4 AMS 5720 A. (Feb. 15, 1952)
5 AMS 5721 B. (Feb. 15, 1952)
6 AMS 5722 A, Uune IS, 1950)
7 AMS 5538, (Dec. I, 1953)
8 AMS 5539, (Dec. I, 1953)
9 AMS 5723, (No-1. I, 1952)
10 AMS 5724, (Dec. I, 1953)
II AMS 5729, (Dec. I, 1953)
12 AMS 5782 A, Uune I, 1951)
13 AMS 5783 B. Uune 15, 1953)
14 Universal Cyclops Steel Corporation, "Uniloy 19-9DL and Uniloy
J99DX", Technical Bulletin, Uuly 1956)
15 North American Aviation, Inc., Materials Research, "Materials
Property Manual and Summary Report", (Oct. 30, 1957)
16 Favor, Ronald J., Achbach, William P. and Hyler, WalterS.,
"MaterialsProperry-Design Criteria for Metals", WADC TR
55150, Pl. 5, (Oct. 1957)

CODE 1311
 DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

GI!NERAL Type 201 Is nonmagnet ic In the anaealed condition and

Type 201 Is an austenitic chromium ll.ickel manganese steel, magnetic when cold -wo:=ked, (2, p. 20).
Fe
developed prlmarlly as a low Dickel substitute for Type 301, 2.024 Emissivity
The alloy Ia mainly used for flat products, such as structur 2.025 Damping capacity 17 Cr
a1 and trim ps>:ts. It Ia a sstlafsctor y altemate for Type 301
Ill many appllcadODS, especially where formablllt y and 2.03 Chemical Properties , see also Type 301. 6.5 Mn
streogtb requl.teme nts are domlllsnt. Type 201 Ia austenitic 2.031 The corrosion resistance of this alloy Is similar or equal
and noomagnet lc Ill the annealed coodltlon. Cold worldng, to that of Type 301 In a 1000 hour salt spray exposure test, 4.5 Ni
however, promotes the fonnadon of martensite and lnci:eases (6,p.49).
IMjiDd1c permeablll ty of the alloy, (2)(3)(4).
Commerci al Designation
2.04 Nuclear Properties Type 201
1.01
Type 201.
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
1.02 Altemate Designatio ns
3.01 Specified Mechanica l Properties
AISl 201, Stainless 201.
3.02 Mechanica l Properties at Room Temperatu re
1.03 Specificati ons
3.021 Tension See also 3.031.
None.
3.0211 Stress strain diagrams
1.04 Compositio n 3.0212 Effect of annealing and tempering on room temperatu re
Table 1.04. tensile propertld and hardness, Fig. 3.0212 (see also
TABLE I 04 1.05).
3.0213 Effect of hardenlns on tensile properties of alloy,
Source AISI(2)
Pcn:enl Fig. 3. 0213. (See also 1. OS).
Percent
Min Max Min Max 3.0214 Room temperatu re tenslle properties for sheet,

p.rbon - 0.15 - 0.15 Table 3. 0214.

TABLE 3 0214
Phromlum 16.0 18.0 16.0 19.0
2
s. 5 """r~P
~anganese 7.5 5.5 10.0
Mtn;, Fel7Cr6 . SMn-4. SNI
~lckel 3.5 s.s 3.5 6.0

.,.
and strip
~ltrogen - 0.25 - - Form CR Sheet

~lllcon
Sulfur
-
-
1.0
0.03
-- -
- Ann
CR Temper
l'l ;ft Full H
liS 125 ISO 175 185
ron Balance Balance Ftu minksl
55 75 110 13S 140
Fty~ mlnksl
e(21n)mln percent 55 2S IS 12 8
1.05
1.051
1.052
1.053
Heat Treatment
Anneal. 1850 to 20SOF, rapid cool, (2).
Cold-work up to 60 percent, (5), see also Table 3.0214.
Stress relief. SOOF, 2 br, (5, Thl. 2). 3.022
.
Hardness, Rc
Rs
Compression
~o 2S 32 37 41

3,0221 Stress strain diagrams

1.06 Hardness 3.023 Impact
1.061 The alloy Is hardeoable only by cold working, (6, p.!2). 3.024 Bending
1.062 Annealed. 90 Rockwell hardness B. 3.025 Torsion and shear
\ ... - .. 3.026 Bearing
1.07 Forms and Conditions Avallsble 3.027 Stress coocenttat lon
1.071 Sheet, strip. plate, bar, rod, (7). 3.0271 Notch properties
3.0272 Fracture toughness
1.08 Melting and Csstlng Practice 3.028 Combined properties

1.09 Special Considerat ions 3.03 Mechanica l Properties at Various Temperatu res
3.031 Tension
2. !'HYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 3.0311 Stress strain diagrams
3.0312 E!!ect of room and elevated temperatu re 011 tensUe
2.01 Thermal Properties properties of lull hardened .alloy, Fig. 3. 0312.
2.011 Melting ranse 3.0313 E!!ect of room and elevated temperatu re on tenslle
2.012 Phase chanses properties of hardened alloy, Fig. 3. 0313.
2.0121 Time-temperature-transformation diagrams 3.0314 Bffect of stress relief and cold rolling 011 tenslle yield
2.013 Thennal conductivit y. 212F, 9.4 Btu It per (br sq ft !'). strength of alloy, F4!. 3. 0314.
2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2. 014. 3.032 Compressi on
2.015 Specific heat. 32 to 212F, 0.12 Btu per (lb F), (3, C-.3). 3.0321 Stress strain diagrams
2.016 Thermal dlf!uslvlty 3.0322 Effect of stress relic! and cold reduction on compressi ve
yield strenstb of alloy, Fig. 3. 0322.
2.02 Other !'hysical Properties Impact
3.033
2.021 Density. 0.281b per cu In, 7. 74 gr per cu em, (3, C-3). 3.0331 E!!ect of low and elevated temperatu res on Charpy V.
2.022 mectrlcal properdes
Impact strensth of alloy, Fig. 3. 0331.
2.0221 l!lectrlcal resistivity . 69 microhm -em at room 3.034 Bending
temperatu re, (7). 3.03S Torsion and shear
2.023 Magnetic properties . Table 2. 023. 3.036 Bearing
TABLE 2.023 3.037 Stress concentration
3.0371 Notch properties
3.0372 Fracture toughness
3.038 Combined properties

Ann 1.003 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties

5 1.016
10 1.147 3.05 Fatigue Properties
20 2.738
30 7.006 3.06 l!lastlc Properties
so IS 395 3.061 Poisson's rado.

CODE 1312
PAGE

' ....
 FERROUS ALLOYS DECEMBER 1963

3.062 MDdulua af eJaaUciJ;y

Fe 3.0621 MDdulU8 af eJaaUciJ;y for stress relieved ADd cold rolled PeI7Cr6 . SMn-4. SNI
alloy. Pig. 3.0621.
17 Cr 3.0622 MDdulU8 af eJaaUciJ;y ill compresalon !lor stress relieved
ADd cold rolled alloy, Pig. 3. 0622.
6.5 Mn 3.063 MDdulU8 af rigidity

4.5 Ni 4. PABlUCATJON

4.01 Parmablll tr
Type 2014.ou Geueral. 180" .beJI:IJDg af 2 T radius af '!ype 201(1/2 hard)
10Dglludlnal ADd lraDBVerse specimens can be successfully
done wllboul: c:nctiD& (6, p. 50).
4.012 Parglng. lbrUDg temperature 2100 ID 2250 P, finishing
110mperature 1700 P or aboye, (7).

4.02 Nachtnlng aad Grfndtng

4.03 ~
4.031 !ipotweJdlllg af tbe .uoy ill aatlafaclor y, (6, p. 48).

4. 04 Heat Txeatmellt

4.05

TEMPERII l
PIG. 3.0212 EFFECT OP ANNEALIIl AND TEMPERII l
ON ROOM TEMPERA TURE TENSILE PRO
PERTIES AND HARDNESS
(3,C2)

200
Fe17Cr-6 . 5Mn4. SNI

160 /
v-
v
./
12
Pe17Cr6 . SMn.f. SNI
IJ.NN
---(2)
120
Fro

/ ;>"" -
---~
-(3) ~
11 !7'
/ / FTY

v . ./. . .
80
" / OMINIMUM
MEAl COBP LlkEAR
/ ," TiiERiL EXPAiiON ~.
"-.,
/
PRr RT TO fEMP
r-_ e (2 IN)
/
INDICATED
0
8
0 400 800
I Ann 1/4 1/2 3/4 Pull
1200 1600 2000 HARDENIIl
TEMPP
FIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION FIG. 3. 0213 EFFECT OF HAROENIJI(l ON TENSILE
(2, p. 20)(3, C-6) PROPBRTIBS OP ALLOY ( , p 20)
2

coo" 1312
PAGE 2
 .Fe A
DECEMBER 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

200

160
1--
............. ~
Ol7(;f0.0MD9.0Nl

FTU
FULL HARD
L
200

160
Fe-17Crr SMD-4. iNI

srak$RBuJ~ ..............
800F./1 ~/
/ 17 Cr
6.5 Mn
4.5 Ni
Fe

lil
:.:
120
~ ,""-
Fn""-. ...
... lil
"
120

...
{:;; Type 201

80
80

v/
40

40

.._ e(2 IN) 0

Ann 10 20 30 40
COLD REDUCTION-PERCENT
400 BOO 1000 1200
FIG. 3. 0314 BFFEcT OF STRB$ RBL1BF AND COLD
TEMP- F ROLLING oN TBNSlLB YIELD STRBNG1l!
FIG.3.03J2 EFFECT OF R~ AND ELEVATI!D OF ALLOY (3,C-3)
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROP
ERTJES OF FULL HARDENED ALLOY
(1, p.73)

240
Fe-17Cr-6. 5Mn4. SN!

200
Fe-17Crl5Mn-4. SNI

160

v-"
lil
"
120
STRI!$ JELIEF
800F
v
lil [7
" 80
- -
-- - -
80

FCY

40

0
Ann 10 20 30 40
COLD REDUCTION-PERCENT
FIG. 3.0313 EFFECT OF R~ AND
ELEVATED TEMPERATURE
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES FIG. 3. 0322 BFPECT OF STRB$ RBLIIU' AND COLD
OF HARDENED ALLOY REDUCTION ON CCNPRBSSIVB YIELD
(J,C-2) STRBNGTI! OF ALLOY (3,C3)

CODE 1312
PAGE 3
 FERROUS ALLOYS
DECEMBER 1963

120 32
' /

Fe Fe17Cr 6. 5Mn4.5!'11

FeI7Cr- 6. 5Mu4. SNI
17 Cr
6.5 Mn
UJO 30

4.5 Ni \ It ", ~ ~~LIEF

~
' ll
c 800F

--
80 I'
........
Type 201
"'..I~ IECHARPY v ---
... 60 26

40 24
Ann 10 20 30 40
COLD REDUCTION-PERCENT
20 FIG. 3,0622 MODULUS OF ELASTICI1Y IN COMPRE
SSION
FOR STRESS RELIEVED AND COLD ROLLED
ALLOY

0
... ~
(3, C3)

400 200 200 400

TEMPF
FIG. 30331 EFFECT OF LOW AND ELEVATED TEM
PERATURES ON CHARPY V IMPACT STRENGTH
OF ALLOY
(2,p.l8)

32
FeI7Cr 6. SMn-4. SNI REFERENCES

30 --- '\.
R.J. Ncl:ervls ,C.H. Lund and A.M.Hal l,"starua o!
High
Strength Steels lor the Alrcn!t Industry, "'IML, Battelle
Memoria l !nat., Rep. No. 91, (January 3, 1958)

N,
\ E 2 "Stainles s and Hest Resisting Steels, "Steel Products
Manusl,
AIS~ (Juae 1957)

-----
F.j. Mangoae , D. B. Roach and A.M. Hall, "Propert
........ Certain Cold Rolled Austeniti c Stainless Sleet Steels,
ies of

STRESSR~ Battelle Memoria l lnst., DMIC Rep. No. 113, (May

"Trends In Metala,& alnless Steels, "Electro Metallur
"
15,1959)
800F gical
Company, Dlv. of Union Carbide, Repr. from STEEL,
26 (Novemb er 4, 1957)
5 H. T. Sumslon, "High-St rength Steels lor the MlssUe
Industry ,"
A~. Proceedings ol the Golden Gate Metals
Coutcrcn ce,
(Februsr y 46,1960 )
24 6 "Mechan ical Propertie s of Some Engineering Material
Ann s
10 20 30 40 Unpubll&hed Data From Company Sponsored Program
s, "Third
COLD REDUCTION-PERCENT Quart. Rep., Vol.U,Ph ase !,(Sept. I to Nov. 30, 1961)
7 Material s In Design Engineering, 'Materia ls Selector
!sue,"
PIG. 3.062i MoO\JLUS OP BLASTICI1Y FOR STRESS Reinhold PubllBhlng Corp., Vol. 56,No.S ,Msg.(m ldOctob
1962) er,
RELIEVED AND COLD ROLLIID ALLOY
(3,C3)

CODE 1312
PAGE 4
RELEASED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
AUTHOR W. W. DYRKACZ

1. GENERAL 1.092 Because the free machining austenitic grades have a

This Is an austenitic, sulfur-containing, free-machining slightly reduced corrosion resistance In com(>arison with Fe
chromium-nickel-manganese-copper stainless slecl, the non sulfur-bearing types of stainless steel, bright
which was developed as an alternate material for Type ma:hincd parts may be susceptible to surface dulling or 17 Cr
303 applications. It is a low nickel substitute for Type etching by [ina! treatment with nitric acid solutions.
303 and 303Se w:l.th equivalent mccho.nical and physical Severa! alternate solutions with milder pickling actions 6 Ni
properties and comparable corrosion resistance, but are recommended (5).
with superior machln:l.ng characteristics. This alloy Is 6 Mr
avallable as hot rolled and cold finished bars, rod, and
wire; extruded hollow bars; billets; and forb'ings. It is 2 Cu
non-magnetic In the annealed condition.
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
+ s
1. 01 Commercial Designation
203 EZ 2.01 Thermal Properties 203 EZ
Z.011 Melting runge. 2550-2630F (7).
1.02 Alternate Designations 2.012 Phase changes.
XM-1 2.0121 The steel is subject to carbide precipitation at 800 to
1600F.
1.03 Specifications 2. 0122 Cold work may transform a small amount of austenite lo
Table 1.03. ferrite (martensite).
TABLE 1 03 Thermal conductivity. 212F, 9.5 Btu rt per (hr sq rtF)
AMS Form Military Federal ASTM (5).
-
Wire, annealed 2.014 Thermal expansion, Figure 2. 014.
or cold worked MIL- W-52263B(MR) 2.015 Specific heat.
-
Wire, cold
fin:!. shed A581-67
2.016 Thermal diHusivlty.
-
Bar, annealed o" 2.02 Other Physical Properties
cold worked QQ-5-764a 2.021 Density. 0. 284 lb per cu in, 7.87 gr per cu em (6).
-
Bar, hot finished 2.022 Electrical properties, resistivity, Figure 2.022.
or cold finished A582-67 2.023 Magnetic properties. This steel is non-magnetic in the
annealed condl tion. Permeability of annealed material
Is less than 1.02 (5, p. 3). It becomes slightly magnetic
1.04 Composition when severely cold worked.
Table 1. 04. 2.024 Emittance.
TABLE 1 04 2.025 ll:unplng capacity.
Source Mllltary(1), Fcdcral(2), (5)
ASTM_(3,4) 2.03 Chemical Pro(>crties
Percent Percent 2.031 Corrosion resistance.
Element Minimum Ma.~lmum Minimum Maximum 2. 0311 The corrosion resistance of austenitic, free-machining
Carbon
Manganese
-
5.00
.08
6.50
-
5.50
.08
6.50
stainless steels, In general, has been sacrificed some-
what in order to enhance machinability. They arc com-
Silicon - 1.00 - 1.00 parable to Type 302 In many or the milder corrodunts,
Phosphorus - .04 - .04 and aro satisfactory for o.tmosphcrc service, for most
Sulfur .18 .35 .15 - foodstuffs, and for most organic chemicals. However,
the sulfur-containing grades arc Inferior to their non
Chromium 16.00 18.00 16.00 17.00
Nickel 5.00 6.50 5. 00 6.00 free-machining counterparts In severe corrodants, such
Molybdenum
Copper
-
1. 75
.50
2.25
-
1. 75
-
2.15
as reducing acids and chlorides (8, p. 53)(9, p. 116).
TI10 corrosion resistance of 203 EZ Is equivalent to Umt
Iron Balance Balance or Type 303 (10, p. 3)(5, p. 2).
2.032 This c;tccl, like Type 303, Is susceptible to stress crack-
1.05 Heat Treatment ing If cold worked.
1.051 Anneal at 1900-2050F followed by water quenching to 2.033 203 EZ has good resistance to oxidation at temperatures
obtain maximum corrosion resistance and ductility(6). up to 1700F. ln extreme oxidizing atmospheres, Irregu-
lar scaling may be encountered, particularly above 1400 r
1.06 Hardness (5, p. 2).
Alloy can be hardened only by cold work which Increases
beth the strength and hardness. A typical annealed hard- 2.04 Nuclear Properties
ness range of 81-98 Rockwell B can be Increased by cold
drawing to 24-45 Rockwell C (6).

1.07 Forms and Conditions Available

1.071 The steel Is available In a wide commercial range of
sizes for bars, rod, wire, billets, forgings, and 3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
extruded hollows (6).
1.072 All wrought products are available In the annealed condi- 3.01 Specified M.;chan!cal Properties
tion. Smaller size bars, rod, and wire arc also avail- 3.011 Mccho.nical properties as specified by military and ASTM
able cold drawn to various strength and hardness levels specifications, Table 3.011.
(5).

1.08 Melting and Casting Practice TABLE 3 011

Electric furnace air melt. Source Military (1) ASTM (3) ASTM(4)
Wire Wire Bar
~ CD Ann CD
1.09 Special Considerations ~!I Ann Ann
1. 091 Alloy must be annealed after hot working. Annealing fhicknoss - In
Ftu min - ksl
-
-
-
-
-85 ~.500
115
::>_. 250
-
should be followed by rapid cooling to prevent harmful
carbide precipitation, and thereby obtain maximum max- ksl 115 130 125 145 -
corrosion resistance. For the same reason, heating Hardness
within the 800-1600F range should be avoided unless BHN- min - - - - -
the material can be subsequently annealed. -max - - - - 262
Fe A
FERROUS ALLOYS RELEASED MARCH 1971

3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature

Fe 3.021 Typical and minimum properties for bars, Table 3. 021.
TABLE 3 021
17 Cr Source (11)(6) (5) (6)
Condition Annealed CD CD
6 Ni Full Hard
6 Mn Diameter - Inches 3 1 ::>3.00 2:1.50 =: 1. 25 :::!:' 1. 00 ~ .75 2: .125
to 3. 00 to 1.50 to 1. 25 to 1.00 to. 75
2 Cu Ftu' typical - ksl 80 87 - - - - - 130-210
minimum - ksl - - 80 95 100 105 115 -
+ s Fty typical - ksl 37 45 - - - - - 100-185
minimum - ksl - - 35 45 50 65 80 -
c(2 In), typical - percent 60 53 - - - - - 10-25
203 EZ minimum - percent - - 28 28 28 20 15 -
RA, typical - percent 65 63 - - - - - 40-55
minimum - percent - - 45 45 45 35 35 -
Hardness - typical
BIIN 141-158 158-171 - - - - - 248-430
Rockwell B 77-83 84-87 - - - - - -
Rockwell C - - - - - - - 24-45
Impact strength - typical
Izod Ct-lb - 85 - - - - - -
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures 4.02 Machining and Grinding
3.031 ECCect of test temperature on tensllc properties, Figure 4.021 The machinability of 203 EZ is superior to that of '!'ype
3.031. 303, and it can be machined at higher speeds with equal
3. 0311 Stress-strain diagrams, Figure 3.0311. or better tool 11Cc(l5)lt is recommended that speeds be
3.033 Effect of test temperature on Impact properties, Table Increased on the order of 20-50 percent over those used
3.033. for '!'ype 303, approaching the speeds used for Type 416,
while malntalning the same feed. An improvement In
surfucc finish is also obtained at the higher cutting
speeds (5, pp. 1, 5, 6)(12, p. 3). As with other austeni-
TABLE 3 033 tic steels, very sharp tools, low feeds, deep cuts and
Source (11) heavy equipment arc required. Machining speeds be-
Form Bar tween 75 and 85 percent of those used for mild carbon
Condition Annealed steels arc suitablc.(14).
Dii1Illeter- In 1 3
Test Temp- F -100 -65 RT 212 -100 -65 RT 212 4.03 Welding
Impact strength,
4.031 Welding of these steels is not gcncrnily recommended.
Charpy v-notch
Fusion welding wiU1 Type 310 electrodes Is possible to a
Ct-lb
very limited extent, and post weld annealing Is necessary
long- avg (207) (197) (184) (198) 67 65 75 75 4.032 203 E Z can be successfully brazed using proprietary
trans- avlt - - - - 14 13 16
( ) Tests Indicated by parentheses did not fracture completely
15 techniques. (14)
through. Other tests showed normal fractures. 4.04 Surface Treatment
4.041 Machined parts should be thoroughly cleaned prior to
service. Passivation Is recommended for certain appli-
cations In which case precautions may have to be taken
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties as given under 1. 092 Special Considerations.

3.05 Fatigue Properties

3.051 Fatigue strength in annealed condition Is approximately
50 percent or tensile strength (5, p. 4).

3.06 Elastic Properties

3.062 Modulus of elasticity In tension, 29.0 x 103 ksl (5,p, 4). Fc-17Cr-6Ni-6Mn-2C u + S
12

/
v ~

4. FABRICATION v
4.01 Formabllltv
4.011 / MEAN COEFFICIENT _
Forging. Normal practice consists of preheating at
1500-1600F then raising the temperature rapidly to with- V LINI::AR THERMAL EXPANSION
In the range of 2050-2300F. The finishing temperature
should be maintained above 1700 F. After fort,'ing, an-
nealing at 1900-2050F followed by rapid cooling Is
recommended (6).
ID

~ 9
/ FROM Rr TO TEMP INDICATED
I

4.012 Cold forming Is possible to a limited extent and 203 EZ

behaves similarly to Type 303 in operations such ns
upsetting, coining, staking, etc. (12). Material with 8
sulfur on the low side of the chemistry range (.18-. 25) 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
exhibits better cold formability and Is equivalent to that TEMPERATURE- F
of Type 303Sc (14). TIIC 203 EZ material should be
annealed nftcr severe forming to prevent stress crackin~ FIG. 2.014 THERJIIAL EXPANSION. (6, p. 5)
 r-eA
RELEASED MARCH 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

I"~.!_17C~-6Ni~6Mn~2Cu + S
-BAR Fe
ANNEALED
40 I - 17 Cr
60r-----.-----~------.------, I
..;- nr 6 Ni
Fe-17Cr-6Ni-6Mn-2C u + S -
i:5 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY
/
v /
~ 200 6 Mn
30

II I ~400
2 Cu

~ 20
v /
/
./
V~f-8oo
GOO

-1000
+ s
20~----~----~------~-----J
0 400 (;00 1200 1600
j I I I I
v v ,.,___. -12 0
f-
203 EZ
TE;>!PERATURE- F
10 I I I I I ( I / 1400F
FIG. 2.022 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY. (5, p. 3)
1/ I l !I I I I I
1/
TENSION
-
0
I 1/ 1/ I
~ 0.002 ~
ST!lAlN- iNCII PER INCII

FIG. 3.0311 STRES5-STRAIN CURVES AT ROOM AND

ELEVATED TEMPERATURES FOR BAR. (13)

160
Fi.-17Cr-6Ni-6Mn-2C u + S
BAR
ANNEALED
140

120

FTU
100 REFERENCES
1. MIL-W-52263B (MR) (9 December 1965).
2. QQ-5-764a (January 3, 1966).

80
!\ 3.
4.
ASTM Designation: A-581-67 (December 12, 1967).
ASTM Designation: A-582-67 (December 12, 1967).

~
liJ 5. AI:egheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, ''Stnlnless Steel
:.: --Allegheny Ludlum Free Machining Grades Types
203EZ, 303EZ, 416EZ, and 430F," A-L Blue Sheet
60
'"""--!.__ (1970).
6. Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, "Allegheny Type

40
\ FTY ~1\ 7.
203EZ Machining Stainless," Technical Horizons (1966).
Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, Research Center
Memorandum, by Paul Lange (.lune 24, 1969).

I~ .____
8. Universal Cyclops Specialty Steel Division, "Stainless

\ 9
Steels Handbook," (1965).
Carpen\er Steel Company, "Carpenter Stainless and
20

80
....... RA
-r-- 10.
Heat Resisting Steels--Selection, Description,
Fabrication," Working Data (1962).
Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, Research Center
Memorandum, "Comparison o( Corrosion Properties of
Types 203EZ, 303, 202, and 304," by W. G. Renshaw

;,r-.-.
fo<
(August 13, 1965).
~
~
tl
It:
~
p.,
40
e(4D)
. ......
11.

12.
Ibid., "Properties of 203EZ compared to 303EZ," by
J. A. Ferree (July 6, 1965).
Ibid., "Allegheny Ludlum 203EZ, Austenitic Free-
Machining Stainless Steel," by J. A. Ferree (February
2, 1966).
0 13. Ibid., Research Center Test Report, Project No.
-400 400 800 1200 1600 70-1137, 203EZ (September 29, 1969).
TEMPERATURE- F 14. Frederick, P. II., Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation,
( __ i
Personal Commumlcation (November 27 ,1970).
FIG. 3.031 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON 15. "Free-Machining Stainless Alternative for Type 303,"
TENSILE PROPERTIES. (5, p. 4)(11)(13) Metal Progress, Volume 98, No.5 (November 1970).
 REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS
AUTHOR ( .. ;::, HICKEY, JR.
GENERAL
The low carbon varieties of the martensitic 12 percent
chromium steel have been used for :1long Ume in vari-
ous forms as relatively low cost air hardening stainless
steels. They have sufficient corrosion resistance for
many applications but are inferior to the 300 grades in
this respect. However, the highest strength conditions
are quite susceptible to stress corrosion and possess
poor toughness at room and low temperatures. The low
silicon Type 403 is used primarily in the form of forg-
ings for turbine parts, while the high silicon Type 410
finds applications in ail wrought forms and as sand and
investment castings. in addition, free machining Types
416 and 416Se are used in Corm of bar and forgings
where their slightly reduced corrosion resistance and
formab!l!ty can be tolerated.
The presence of free or delta ferrite characterizes the
12 percent chromium grades of stainless steels. This
is caused by an improper chemistry balance and can
affect the mechanical properi.!es and formability (see
1.095 and 4.013).
Additions of columbium improve toughness without al-
tering any of the desirable property characteristics of
Type 410. A chapter on the 410 Cb stainless steel is
scheduled Cor future preparation.
1.01 Commercir.l Designations
Wrought: AISI Types 403, 410, 416, and 416Sc. Cast:
CA-15 and CA-40
1.02 Alternate Designation
None.
1.03 Specjfjcallons
Table 1.03.
1.04 Composition
1.041 Types 403, 410, 416, and 416Sc; Cast: CA-15 and CA-
40, Table 1. 041.
1.042 Types 12Cr ferrite controlled, 12Cr-0.5Mo and
12.5Cr-1W, Table 1.042.
1.05 Heat Treatment
1.051 Normalize sand castings. 1825 to 1875F, 1 hr per in of
thickness, 30 min minimum, Type 410, air cool (2).
1.052 Fully anneal for ma.x.lmum formability. 1450 to 1G50F,
usua!ly 1550 to 1650F, furnace cool at 50F per hour
maximum to llOOF. Hardness should be about 155 BHN.
1.053 Subcrltical anneal for machining. 1200 to 1400F. Hard
ness should be about 185 BHN.
1.054 AusteniUze. 1750 to 1850F, air cool or oil quench
depending on section size and shape. Users generally
prefer oil quenching. AMS specified austcnitizing
treatments, Table 1. 054.
1.055 Temper. 400 to 1400F, 1 to 4 hours. Tempering at
tomperatures between 550 to 1050F dhould be
avoided (see Figure 3. 0271) because of reduced resist-
ance to stress corrosion and increased notch sensitivity
(10)(25). Exceptions include ferrite control!ng specifi-
cations AMS 5505A, 5609, 5611, 5612A and special
grade AMS 5821A which stipulate a double temper of
GOOF for 2 hours. AMS 5349 specifics 1075F, m!nlmum
AMS 53500, 5351B, 5614, and 5655 specify 1100F,
minimum. Recommended heat treatment for obtaining
high dimensional stab!l!ty in Type 410: 1800F, 1/2 hr,
O.Q.; 450F, 1 hr, AC or GOOF, 1 hr, AC (41, A-13).
1.0551 EUect of tampering temperature on tensile properties of
sheet and bar, Figure 1.0551.
1.0552 EUect of tempering temperature on mechanical proper-
ties of sand castings, Figure 1. 0552.
1.06 Hardness
This stool is air hardening. AMS 5351B, 5504F az1d
5613K require that sections less than 3/8 in thick or
alices 3/8 inch thick taken from heavier sections, when
nusteniUzed, shall have a hardness of 35 to 45 Rc.
AMS 5610G requires 35 R m!nlmum under the same
0
conditions. AMS 55910 requires that specimen cut
from tubing, when austeniUzcd, shnll have a strength of
Ftu = 150 ksi, minimum. AMS 5776 and 5777 require Fe
that deposited weld metal about 1/4 inch thick, when
austenitizcd, shnll have a hardness of 35 to 45 Rc
Low C
AMS 53500 and 5349 castings sha!l be capable of devel- 12 Cr
oping hardness not lower than 35 Ra after being austen-
ized, held at heat for 1 hour per inch of maximum sec-
tion, and air cooled. Types403,
1.061 Effect of deformation on the hardness and tensile prop-
erties of type 410 deformed in U1e mctast:wlc austeni- 410,416
tic condition, Fib'llre 1. 061.
1.07 Forms and Conditions Available
1.071 Typu 403 is available in form of bar and forgings in all
comru~Jrt..'i.'!li
sizes.
1.072 Type 41V is available in full range of forms and sizes
regularly produced in stainless steels.
1.073 Type 410 sand and precision Investment castings arc
available in various conditions as desired.
1.074 Type 410 sheet, strip, J;ar and wire arc available in the
annealed condition. Bar and wire are also available in
the cold drawn condition and wire and forgings in various
heat treated conditions.
1.075 Types 416 and 116 Se arc available in form of bar and
forgings in nll commercial si~es.
1. 076 Type 416 precision investment castings are available in
various conditions as desired.
1. 077 The 12.5Cr grade (AMS 5821A) is used as a flller mater-
ial for welding corrosion resistant alloys of similar com-
positions which have requirements for control of ferrite.
1.08 Melting ana casting Practice
Electric furnace air melt. Induction and consumable
electrode molts and remelts arc also available, as well
as vacuum dcg-J.sscd materials.
1.09 Special Considerations
1.091 Avoid tempering at 550 to 1050F, because of reduced re-
sistance to strcos corrosion and increased notch sensi-
tivity (also sec 1. 055).
1.092 Corrosion resistance of Type 410 castings may not be
satisfactory for many appl!cotions. Cadmium plating is
recommended for usc up to 700F (Lockheed 1959).
1.093 Casting quality should be evaluated by penetrant Inspec-
tion rather than by magnetic insj>ect!on, because of In-
consistency of the latter method (Lockheed 1959),
1.094 Type 416 castings arc primarily used for small parts at
temperatures up to 1000F. Corrosion resistance is
lower than that of 410 castings but machin.tbillty Is better
1.095 The proper chemical balance is neccssncy in Types 403
and 410 to insure against the formation of free or delta
ferrite which can affect the mechanical properties, es-
pecially hardness and toughness. The hardness decreas-
es with an increase in the free ferrite content while the
toughness as measured by impact strength increases for
longitudinal tests but decreases for transverse tests.
These effects on impact strength are due to the mechani-
cal fibcring associated with the presence of free ferrite
and their magnitude will depend on both the amount of
ferrite present and the degree of work in the structure.
The effect of carbon, an austenite former, and chromium
a ferrite former, on the amount of free ferrite Is shown
in Figure 1. 095.
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
2.01 Thermal Properties
2.011 Melting range. 2700 to 2790F.
2.012 Phase changes. Transformation temperatures from
austenite to ferrite are above 1450F, but depend on
chemistry. Heating to about 1750F Is necessary to
insure completely mnrlensiUc structure on quenching.
2.013 Thermal conductivity, Figure 2. 013.
2.014 Thermal expansion, D!gure 2.014.
2.015 5pecjfjc heat, Figure 2. 015.
2.016 Tbe1'1Dal diffus!vity.
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971

r - - - - - - . 2 . 02 Other Physical Properties 3.02122 Effect of tempering temperature on the tensile and yield
Fe 2.021 Density. 0. 280 lb per cu in, 7. 75 gr per cu em. strengths of Type 410 deformed In the metastable austen-
2.022 Electrical resistivity, Figure 2. 022. Itic condition, Figure 3. 02122.
Low C 2.023 Magnetic properties. 3.02123 Effect of tempering t~mperature on the reduction of area
2.0231 The 400 series of corrosion resistant steels are mag- and elongation of Type 410 deformed In the metastable
12 Cr netic. Magnetization curves, Figure 2.0231. austenitic condition, Figure 3. 02123.
L - - - - - - ' 2 . 0232 Residual induction nnd coercive force nfter magnetizing 3.02124 Effect of tampering temperature and deformation on the
at 1200 oersteds, and maximum permeability, Table tensile properties of Type 410, Figure 3. 02124.
Types403, 2.0232. 3.02125 Effect of rolling reduction on tensile properties of an-
2.024 Emittance. nealed sheet, Figure 3.02125,
410,416 2.025 Damping Capacity. 3.02126 Effect of rolling reduction and annealing on the as re-
ceived tensile properties of Type 410 sheet, Table
2.03 Chemical Properties 3.02126.
2.031 Corrosion resistance. 3.022 Compression.
2.0311 These steels arc resistant to atmospheric and fresh .3.0221 Stress-strain diagrams.
water corrosion and to a variety of mild acids and 3.023 Impact.
alkalines, but they are inferior to the 300 series of 3.0231 Effect of tempering temperature on mechanical proper-
stainless steels and In some cases may require corro- ties of sand castings (see Figure 1. 0552).
sion protection. Maximum corrosion resistance is ob- 3.0232 Effect of tempering temperature on Impact properties
tained in the hardened condition, but usually re- of Type 410, Figure 3.0232.
duced when tempering between 550 to 1050 F. The re- 3.024 Bending.
quirements for clean surfaces are similar to that for 3.025 Torsion and shear.
the 300 series. Type 416 is sllghUy less corrosion re- 3.026 Bearing.
sistant than Types 403 and 410. 3.027 Stress concentration.
2.0312 The chromium stainless steels are susceptible to both 3.0271 Notch properties. Effect of tempering temperature on
stress corrosion and to hydrogen embritUemcnt if heat sharp notch strength of sheet, Figure 3. 0271.
treated to high strength. 3.0272 Fracture toughness.
2.032 Oxidation resistance of these alloys is good up to 1200 F 3.028 Combined properties.
for continuous service and 1400F for intermittent ser-
vice. 3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures
2.033 The corrosion resistance of Type 416 casting Is not as 3.031 Tension.
good as the other 12-14 percent chromium types, and 3.0311 stroc~-strain diagrams.
this steel will generally show a higher corroslm rale 3. 03111 Stress-strain curves in tension at elevated tempera-
under strong corrosive conditions than other types of tures for Type 410, Figure 3. 03111.
similar chromium content (31). 3.03112 True stress-strnin curves at various temperatures for
2.034 Corrosion rate and attack depth. Results of corrosion Type 410, Figure 3. 03112.
rate and maximum depth of attack on sheet In sea water 3.0312 Tension properties.
at a depth of 5600 feet in the Tongue of the Ocesn(TOTO) 3.03121 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties of Type
waters, Bahama Islands, Table 2. 034. 410, Flg~ne 3.03121.
2.035 Types 403 and 410 exhibit pocr and erratic corrosion re- 3.03122 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties or Types
sistance at 500 to GOOF In high purity water containing 403 and 410, Figure 3.03122.
oxygen. They are considerably Inferior to austenitic 3,03123 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties of Type
stainless steels In this respect. 416, Figure 3.03123.
3. 03124 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties or pre-
2.04 Nuclear Properties cision investment castings in different conditions,
2.041 Type 410 Is used for high strength parts In reactors. Figure 3.03124.
2.042 Irradiation effects on these and other martens!Uc stain- 3.032 Compression.
less steels are as follows: 3.0321 Stress-strain diagrams.
2.0421 The hardness Increases, as the total flux and the temp- 3.033 Impact.
erature of irradiation is Increased. This effect also 3.0331 Effect of elevated test temperatures on the impact
appears to be greater for a higher initial hardness, but properties of Type 403, Figure 3. 0331.
independent of the carbon content. 3.0332 Effect of elevated test t.emperatures on the impact prop-
2.0422 Tensile strength and yield strength Increase and the duc- erties of Types 403 and 410, Table 3.0332.
tility decreases If saturation point appears to be reached 3.0333 Effect of low teet temperatures on the Impact prop-
below the point of complete embritUemcmt. erties of Types 410 and 416, Figure 3, 0333.
2.0423 The impact strength in the ducWe range is only sllghUy 3,034 Bending.
reduced. The transition temperature from ductile to 3.035 Torsl.on and sbe:~r.
brittle behavior, however, may be raised by 50 to 75F. 3.036 Bearing.
2.0424 Density is no~ cha:tged beyond the limits of exp~>rimental 3.037 Stress concentration.
error. 3.027t Notch properties.
3.0372 Fracture toughness.
3.038 Combined properties.

3.04 Craep and Creep Rupture Properti.:>s

3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 3.041 Short time total strain curves for normalized Type 410
sheet at 1200 tD 2000F, Figure 3.041.
3.01 Specified Mechanical Properties 3.042 Creep rupture curvos for bar at 1000 to 1500 F, Figure
3.011 AMS specified mechanlonl properties for Types 410 and 3.042.
416, Table 3. 011. 3.043 Creep rupture curves for smooth and notched bars at
3.012 AMS specified mec!umloal prop'.!rties for l Z:::r ferrite 600 to.BOOF, Figure 3.043.
controlled, lZCr-O.!;Mo, and 12.5Cr-1W, Table 3.012.
3.05 Fatigue Properties
3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temoerature 3.051 Stress range d!agran,.s at rcom temperature to '9001' for
(see also 3. 03) material heat treate<t toR., .20 !<' 26, Figure 3.051.
3.021 Tension. Typical mechanical properties, Table 3. 021. 3.052 Stress range diagrams a ouiJi!::emperature to 900 F for
3.0211 Stress-strain diagrams {see 3.03111 and 3.03112). material heat treated tu Rc 26 to 32, Figure 3. 052.
3.0212 Tension properties. 3.053 Stress range diagrams at 700 and 9DOF for rupture, 1
3. 02121 Effect of deformation on the tensile properties oC Type and 0. 5 percent total strain Cor heat treated bar, Figure
410, (see Figure 1.061). 3.053.
 r- eiVI
REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

3.06 Elastic Properties

3.061 Poisson's ratio, 0.27 to 0.29.
3.062 Modulus of elasticity at room and elevated temperatures,
Fe

3.063
Figure 3. 062.
Modulus of rigidity at room and elevated temperatures,
Low C
Figure 3. 063. 12 Cr

4. FABRICATION Types403,
4.01 Formability 410,416
4.011 General. Type 410 is generally formed in the fully
annealed condition. Its formability is inferior to that of
annealed 18-8 steels and comparable to that of 1/4 hard
18-8 steels.
4.012 Forging. Starting temperaturEt 2200 F maximum, finish-
ing temperature 1700 F minimum. Hot upsetting opera-
tions on Type 403 and Type 410 can be performed at
temperatures down to 1300 F. Heavy sections must be
preheated at 1200 to 1500 F and both heavy sections and
complicated sbapes should be equalized after forging at
about 1300 F and furnace cooled or cooled slowly in W1
insulating material. Type 416 can be forged to a !united
extent but should be annealed after forging.
4.013 Tbe presence of delta ferrite may cause difficulties in
hot working processes, especially during the piercing of TABLE 1 O:J
seamless tubes and in forgings if upsetting is involved. Type
AMS ASTM Fonn
Reheating one or more times is advisable when the up-
- A276, A314 403 Bar, billets
setting operation is severe. The amount of delta ferrite
that may be present in Type 410, if the chemistry is not
5350D
5351B
-
A296,A351
Castings (precision investment)
Casting (sand)
properly balanced, is a function of the ingot size as well 5504F A176, A240 Sheet, strip, and plate
as of the composition. As the ingot size is reduced by
hot working, the amount of delta ferrite present may de-
5591D - 410 Tubing, seamless
5613K A193, A276, A314 Bar, forgings, tubing, and
crease; also it may vary from the top to the bottom and
forging stock
from the surface to the center of the ingot (48).
5776 - Wire welding
5777 - Electrode, coated welding
4.02
4.021
Machining
Best machinability in Types 403 and 410 Is obtained if -
5349
A193, A194, A314
- 416
Bars, billets, forging stock
Casting (precision Investment)
( they are heat treated or aimealed and cold worked to 200
\ 5610G - Bar, forging Ifree machining)
to 260 BHN for light fast cuts, vr to 180 to 220 BHN for
heavy cuts, drilling or sawing. Machinablllty rating in
5505A
5609
-- 12Cr ferrite
Sheet, strip, and plate
this condition Is 50 to 55 percent of that of mild steels.
In the annealed condition these steels have a tendency to
5611 - controlled Bars, forgings, tubing and
tear and to seize.
5612A - forldne: stock
5614 - 12Cr-0.5Mo Bars, forgings, and forging stock
4.022 Types 416 and 416Se possess the highest machinability
of all stainless steels. The best performru>ce is obtained
5655
5821A
-
-
12.5Cr-1W Bars, forgings and forldnl! stock
12Cr Weld wire
if heat treated or cold worked to 180 to 240 BHN. A
satisfactory lubricant for most operations is a low con-
centration sulfur base oil. Tbe machinability rating of
this steel is about 85 perceat of that of mild steel.

4.03 Welding
For fusion welding of Type 403 and Type 410, electrodes
of the same composition can be used when material is to
be subsequently heat treated, and Type 309 or 310 elec-
trodes can be used if the material is to be used In the as
welded condition. Preheating to 300 F minimum and
postheating at 1300F, followed by cooling at a rats of
100F per hour maximum to llOOF, Is necessary to pre-
vent cracking. Type 416 is weldable to a very limited
extent. Alloy should be annealed at 1450 F after welding
to improve both ductility and corrosion reslstMce.

4.04 Heat Treatment

(See 5Cr Ultra High Strength Steel.)
4.041 A neutral or slightly reducing atmosphere must be main-
tained when austenitizing or annealing to minimize decar-
burization and scaling.

4.05 Surface Treatment

(See 5Cr Ultra High Strength Steel.)
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971

Fe ASTM(ll)(13
TABLE 1 041

AMS (2)
AMS (3)(4)
(6)(7)(8)
--
ASTM (9)
u
Source AlSI (16) AMS (1) ASTM ASTM(9) AMS(5) (10)(13) AMS (15)
Low C (12)(14) (11)(13)
410 casting, !ilO Casting, 416 free 416 Casting,
12 Cr Type 403 prec invest sand 410 machining 416 prec invest
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Element min max min max min max min max min max min max min max
Types403, Carbon -- 0.15 0.05 0.15 -- 0.15@3) - 0.15(f) - 0:15 - 0.15 - 0.15
410,416 Manganese 1.00 - 1.00 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.25 - 1.25 - 1.25
Silicon - 0.50 - 1.00 - 1.50 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.50
Phosphorus - 0.040 - 0.040 - 0.040 -- 0.04tti) - 0.040 -0.040 - 0.050
SUlfur
Chrom.:um
- 0.030
11.5 13.5
- 0.030 - 0.040 0.030 0.15(c) 0.35(c) 0.15
1.5 13.5 11.5 14.0 11.5 13.5 11.50 13.50 12.0 14.0
(g) 0.15 0.35
11.5 14.0
Nickel -- - - 0.50 - 1.00 -- 0.75 - 0.50 - - - 0.5
Molybdenum - -- 0.50 -- 0.50 0.5~ - 0.60(a - 0.60 --0.5
Selenium - -- -- - - - (c) (c) (g) -- - --
Aluminum - - - - - 0.050 - - -
Copper -- - - 0.50 - 0.50 - 0.50 - 0.50 - -- -- 0.5-
- -- - - -
- --
Tin - - - 0.050 -
Zirconium
Iron
-
Balance
-
Balance
- -
Balance Balance Balance
- - - - - 0.5
Balance Balance
(a) Molybdenum and zirconium
(b) (4) gives 0.60
(c) Selenium 0.18 to 0. 35 and sulfur 0. 030 maximum for Type 416 Se
(d) (8) gives 0,03
(e) (12) gives 0.20 to 0.40 for CA-40
(f) (7)(8) give 0.12
(g) Selenium 0.15 maximum and sulfur 0.06 maximum for Type 416 Se

TABLE 1.042
Source ASM(a) ASM ASM(d)
(17-20)(23) (21) (22)
(12Cr ferrite
Type controlled) 12Cr-0.5Mo 12.5Cr-1W
(12.5Cr)
Percent Percent Percent
Element min max min max min max
Carbon 0.12(b) 0.15 0.07 0.12 0.20 0.25
Manganese - 0.60 0.30 0.60 -
1.00
Silicon - 0.50 -- 0.35 0.20 0.60
Phosphorus - 0.025 0.040 --
0.040
Sulfur
Chromium
- 0.025
11.50 12.50 11.50
- 0.030
12.50
0.030
11.50 13.50
Nickel - 0.75 - 0.60 0.50 1.00
Molybdenum - 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.75 1.25
Aluminum
Copper
-- 0.05
0.50
-
- 0.50
- -
-
--
Tin
Nitrogen
-
-
0.05
0.08(c)
-
-
-- -
-
-
-
Iron Balance Balance Balance
(a) (17-20) pertain to 12Cr ferrite controlled and (23) pertains to
12. 5Cr type.
(b) (23) gives 0.11
(c) (19) gives 0.18
(d) (22) also has tungsten (0.75-1.25) and vanadium (0.17-0.27)

TABLE 1 054
AMS l'vDe Form Austenilize
5350D, 5351B Bar, forgings, tubing 1740-1760F, 30 min, AC
5591D, 5613K 410 Castings
5504F Sheet, strip, plate 1740-1760F,15 to 30 min, AC
5776 5777 Deposited weld 1735 to 1765F 15 to 30 min AC
5610G, 5349 416 Bar, forglngs(lree 1815 to 1835F, 25 min, AC
machining), casting
5505A Sheet, strip, plate 1690-1710F, 1 hr, AC
5609
12Cr ferrite controlled
Bar, forgings, tubing, 1690-1710F, 1 hr, AC
5611 forging stock 1725-1745F, 1 hr, AC
5612A 1690-1710F 1 hr AC
5614 12Cr-0.5Mo Bar, forgings, and 1740-1760F, 1 hr, AC
5655 12.5Cr-1W forging stock 1900-1950F, 1 hr, AC
5821A 12.5Cr Weld wire 1690-1710F 1 br AC
 REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe-(LOW C)-l::Cr
1800F,OQ +TEMPER 200
Fe-(Lclw C)-12Cr
BAR
l Fe
e 0 A TYPE 410
240 f-1750F, QUENCHED
HELDFOR3~
TO~
Low C
FTU
6 TYPE 416 ANDSW~ 12 Cr
160
220
UJ
:.: / Types403,
120 i=! UJ 200 410,416
lio :.:
~ FTY
180
/
UJ 120~-~-----+-----+--~rPr---~~~~~ 80
:.:
I 160 60

'"'
~
80 6

RA
-
....._
r-

0 I
40
80
E-o
zfil
e(4D) ......-r---
0
Q:; 40 gj 50
fil
1--
, 0
fil
ilo !
Q:;
__.... ~ Rc
;! 45
0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
AQ 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 DEFORMATION - PERCENT
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 1.061 Efo'FECT OF DEFORMATION ON THE HARDNESS
FIG. 1.0551 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE ANll TENSILE PROPERTIES OF TYPE 410 DE-
PROPERTIES OF SHEET AND BAR. (24)(25) FORMED IN THE METASTABLE AUSTENITIC
CONDITION. (27)

Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr (~YPE 410)

1
200
- SAND CAST BLOCKS - f.--
........... 1800F, AC +TEMPER

" \
160

120
11-----
t',.,
-..............., I\\ FTU
0.20 f-Fe-(LOW J-12Cr (TYPE 410)
9.25 IN SQ BAR

~
2150F, WQ

~ ....
~
80
FTY 1--e 0
Q:;
fil
0.15
,.. '"'
:..
ilo 0.10

z
I
40
~ 0.05 NO FERRITE

v__.
-
L-..
~ 5 PERCENT MAX FERRITE
e(2 IN) ...: & > 5 PERCENT FERRITE
0
I I I I -~
0.0
0 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5
1.---
0 v CHROMIUM - PERCENT

FIG. 1.095 EFFECT OF CARBON AND CHROMIUM

----1:~/
CONTENT ON FREE FERRITE OF TYPE 410.
(48)

0
600 800 1000 1200 1400
TEMPERING TEMPEUATURE- F

FIG. 1.0552 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON

MECHANICAL PUOPERTIES OF SAND CASTINGS.
(26)

r.nn..- 1.11 n 1
I CIVI

FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971

17
ii: Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr
Fe ! (TYPE 410)
Low C "'
g 16
12 Cr g 25 36

a:
~ ~
Types403 , ~ 15 0
a: 28
410,416 "' ~
~
THERMAL --ANN, (24)
CONDUCTIVITY - - 1750 F, AC+I375F, 2HR
14 (29)
0 200 400 600 800 20
TEMP -F 0 400 HOO 1200 1600
TEMP- F
FIG. 2. 013 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
(28, p. 6-2-2. 4)(29) FIG. 2.022 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (24)(29)

20

~ 15
<:
<::
Cl

.-
0
Fe-(LOW C}-12Cr ~
i2 10
MEAN COEF LINEAR I

THERMAL EXPANSION~ z
0

_ -.-
FROM RT TO TEMP//,:" " f::
lNDI ATBD / g5
Q
/-TYPE 403, (30}
/-= ,....
/
---TYPE 41~} (24)
:s
'()
I
.... / --TYPE 416
:3 5 I 0
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 0 50 100 0 400 800 1200
TBMP-F MAGNETIZING FORCE - OERSTEDS

FIG. 2. 014 THERMAL EXPANSION (24)(30) FIG. 2. 0231 MAGNETIZATION CURVES (29)

TABLE 2 0232
Source (29)
Condition 1350F 4 hr FC 1850F AC + 500~' 2 hr
Max Perrncabllltv 850 82
Residual Inducllon
- gausses 12,000 6000
Coercive Force
-oersteds 33 48

Fe-(LOW C}-12Cr
_ (TYPE 410\ /

v
0.14

.,.,/ T\BLE 2 034

7 Source ' (32, p. 13)
/
Alloy Type 410
SPECIFIC
HEAT Form 0. 063 inch sheet
0.10 Avg Corrosion Rate Maximum
0 200 400 600 ROO 1\Uis Per Year (MPY) Depth of Attack (MILS)
TEMP- F Condition Ill days I toso days 111 days I 1050 days
Annealed 1.2 I 1.5 63* I 63*
FIG. 2. 015 SPECIFIC HEAT (29) Localized penetration by corrosion.
 I 'IJIVI

REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

TABLE 3 011
Source AMS(3) AMS(4) I AMS(6) AMS (5) AI\IS (1) I_ AMS(2)
Alloy Type 410 l'ype 416 Type 410
AMS (15)
l'ype 416
Fe
Sheet, strip, Tubing, Bar, forging, Bnr,
Form Plate seamless tubing_ fomng
Casting,
_])rec invest
Casting,
sand
Casting,
prec invest
Low C
Condition AnPealed Austenltize+ Normalize+ Austen! tize+ 12 Cr
temper (b) Temper (b) T,"mper (c}_
Ftu, minimum- ksi - (a) - - 95 90 -
maximum- ksi 95
-
100
-
-
-
-- - - - Types403,
Ffl, minimum - ksi
e( in), min - percent
7;; 65 - 410,416
~ 0.030 inch 15 -
-
- - - -- -
>0.030 inr.h 20 - - - - -
Full section - 25 - - - - -
Test bar - 20 - - -8 -- -
e(4 D), min - percent - - - - 8
RA, minimum - percent
Hardness
- - - - 20 - 15
Rt, - minimum - - -- - 94 - 90

--
-maximum - - 100 - 100
BHN- minimum - - - - 217 -
-maximum -- -
-- -35 -35 - 248 -
R, - minimum
- - - -
-maximum
* Rc 50 maximum for tubing.
45 - - - -
(a) 150 ksi, minimum, when austenltized
(b) llOOF, minimum
(c) 1050F, minimum

TABLE 3 012
AMS(17)(a) AMS AMS AMS
Source (18){a) I (19)(b~ (2Q(l) (2ljp) (22)(d)
12Ci'- 12.5Cr
Alloy 12Cr Fe1r!te Controlled 0.5MO -1W
Sheet, Strip, Bar, Forgings, Bar, Forgings,
Form and Plate Tubin~. ;md Forging and Forging
Stock Stock
Condition Ann Austenlze + Temper
Ftu, minimum - ksi - 180 185 180 180 100 140
maximum- ksl
Fty, minimum - ksi
95
-
-
147 152
- -
145 147
- -
80 115
-
e(2 in), min-percent (e) - 10 10 10 21 13
<0.035 inch -
-
4 - - - - -
0.035-0.070 Inch
0.070-0.110 inch -
5
7
-
-
-
-
-
- -
- --
0.110-0.150 Inch - 9 - - - - -
>0.150 Inch
RA, minimum
-
-
ll
- 30
- 30
-
30
-
GO
-
25
-
Hardness
Rc minimum
maximum
39
44
-
-
40
45
39
44
39
44
- --
-
BHN, minimum - - -- - - - 293
maximum -
(a) 1700F, 1 hr; douuJe temper GOOF, 2 hours
- - - - 341

(b) 1730F, 1 hr; double temper GOOF, 2 hours.

(c) 1750F, 1 hr; temper llOOF, min, 1 hour
(d) 1925 F, 1 hr; temper 1100 F min, 4 hours
(e) < 0. 030 inch 15 percent min;> 0. 030 Inch 20 percent min

TABLE 3 021
Source (33)
Type 403 and 410 41G
Sheet,
Form Strip Plate Bnr Wire Bar Wire
Temp- Cold Cold Heat Temp- Cold Cold Heat
Condition AnP Ann Ann cred Drawn Ann Drawn Treated Ann crcd Dra\Vn Ann Drawn Trentcd
"11tlckness - inches
Ftu typical - ksi
-
65
-70 All
75
All
110
1
100 75
0.250
95 135
All All 1 0.250
75 110 100 75 95 135
Fty typical - ksi 35 35 40 85 85 40 80 105 40 85 85 40 80 105
e(2 in), typical-percent 25 30 35 23 17 - - - 30 18 13 -20 - -
e(4D), typical-percent - - - - - 30 15 10 - - - JO 5
RA, typical-percen~
Hardness
- - 70 65 GO 70 60 50 GO 55 50 60 50 40
Rb, typical
Rc. typical
80
-
80
-
82
-
97
-
94
-
82
-
D2
-
-
29
-
-
-
-
-
-
82
-
92
-
-
29
BHN, typical - - 155 225 205 155 - - 155 230 205 - - -
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971

\
\._.
Fe Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr
BAR
Low c 250
1750F, QUENCHED TO SOOF,
HELD FOR 3 HRS AND SWAGED
12 Cr

Types403 , 230
410,416
!i.l
:.: 210

t'
190

PERCENT
170
230

Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr
BAR
1750F, QUENCHED TO BOOF,
400 600 800 1000 HELD FOR 3 HR AND
TEMPEruNG TEMPERATU RE-F SWAGE~D--~~----~

FIG. 3.02122 EFFECT OF TEMPEruNG TEMPERATU RE ON

THE TENSILE AND YIELD STRENGTHS OF
TYPE 410 DEFORMED IN THE METASTABLE
AUSTENITIC CONillTION. (27)

DEFORMATION

: 1~
.44
}PERCENT -1-----l---- 1

... 56

e(4D)

FIG. 3.02123 EFFECT OF TEMPEruNG TEMPERATU RE

ON THE REDUCTION OF AREA AND
ELONGATION OF TYPE 410 DEFORMED
IN THE METASTABLE AUSTENITIC
CONDITION. (27)
REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

160
Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr /TYPE 410)
0. 040 INCH SHEET Fe
120
ANNEALED AND COLD ROLLED
,__. ___. Low C

l--- v-
~ 12 Cr
___.,....... FTU
80
v Types403,
~120

~
1--
FTY
-- - 410,416

'/
8

270

40

250

0"'

~210
230

0 ""' - 10
['-..._ e(2 IN)
20 30 40 50
ROLLING REDUCTION- PERCENT
60

FlG. 3.02125 EFFECT OF ROLLING REDUCTION ON TENSILE PROP-

ERTIES OF ANNEALED SHEET. (24)

TABLE 3 02120
170 Source (38";".pp. 9-10)
Alloy Fe-fLow C)-12Cr (Type 410)
150 Form 0. 06~linch sheet initial thickness
65 Condition As rolled or rolled and annealed
Percent Reduction Dlrec- Fty- ksi Ftu e(2in)
in Thickness (by Uon <r.2 percent ksl percent
rolling)
55 0 L 49.4 83.5 24.5
T 47.9 83.6 27.5
15 102
~ L
L 34.8
108 5.3
74.8 27.0
t345 18(a) L 99 109.2 5.0
~ 20 75.3 27.8
p., L 37.6
(a) Rolled+ 1550F, 10 min, AC

10

0 160
RT 400 600 800 1000 Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr (TYPE 410)
TEMPERING AND DEFORMATION BAR
TEMPERATURE- F J800F, 0Q +TEMPER
120
FlG. 3.02124 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
AND DEFORMATION ON THE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF TYPE 410. (27) I
1/
40
/
IE CHARPY-V

~
__...
' v
I
0
0 200

PROPERTIES OF TYPE 410.

400 600 800

"' l/
1000
TEMPERING TEMPERATURE- F

FlG. 3.0232 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON IMPACT

(49)
1200 1400
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971

Fe Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr (TYPE410) Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr (TYPE 410)

0.063 INCH SHEET
Low C 1800F, 1/2 HR, 0Q + TEMP
280
'/-320F
0. 750 IN DIAMETER BAR
1800F, 1 HR, OQ, 800F, 4 HR,AC
-
12 Cr
~--~~----~~---3HOURS
260 ~SF 1 -~
. .)7 -10~.!---~
~240 - .--
r?v ~v-
+SOOF_
Types4 03,
I
410,41 6
~v
gj 220
Iii
~
<1.1200

~
Iii
~
f-<180

160
~ ~}NOTCH STRENGTH 0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90
TRUE STRAIN
~~----~----~----~----~ FIG. 3.03112 TRUE STRES8-ST RAIN CURVES AT VARIOUS
400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMPERIN G TEMPERA TURE- F TEMPERA TURES FOR TYPE 410. (35)

FIG. 3.0271 EFFECT OF TEMPERIN G TEMPERA -

TURE ON SHARP NOTCH STRENGTH
OF SHEET. (25)

Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr
0.063 INCH SHEET
200 r----+ -----+ ----+ ---1

Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr
0.063 INCH SHEET
1800F, 1/2 HR, OQ. 700F, 1 HR, AC

160
75F 1800F, 1/2 HR, 0Q
_)..--_:::: [::::: 800F + 700F, 1 HR, AC
fi1120
v -
40r---,_--~--~~-~

-
:;:
~
1000F
80
!---

40 I ~
0 L?
0
1----

0.002 0.006 0.010

1200F

STRAIN- INCH PER INCH

FIG. 3.03111 STRES8-ST RAIN CURVES IN TEN-

SION AT ELEVATED TEMPERA -
TURES FOR TYPE 410. (34)

o_~~~~~~L__j
0 400 800 1200 1600
TEMPERA TURE- F

FIG. 3.03121 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERA -

TURE ON TENSILE PROPERTI ES
OF TYPE 410. (34)

CODE 1401
If:"

w~ REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

f.~
ii
180
Fe-(r.bw C)-12Cr
0.625 INCH BAR
Fe
160 It '"NEAl,ED
Low C
12 Cr

140
Fro~ Types403,
!il
:<:

"' 410,416

160
120

100
60
"" "<<I

~ ---..
...
120

!il
~
t.:l
0
40 ----- RA

1>:
80 ~ t.:l
p.. 20
i:!
r.. e(2 IN)
r---
120 40
0
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 +100
til TEMPERATURE- F
:<:
~80 0 FlG. 3.03123 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TEN-
rt SILE PROPERTIES OF TYPE 416. (39)

400 800 1200 1600

TEMPERATURE - F

FlG. 3.03122 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE

ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF TYPES
403 AND 410. (30)(36)(37)

TEMPERATURE- F

FlG. 3.03124 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROP-

ERTIES OF PREClSION INVESTMENT CASTINGS IN
DIFFERENT CONDITIONS. (40, pp. 15,17)

COOE 1401
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971

160
Fe Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr (TYPE 403) l
1800F, BI<INE QUENCH+ ll25F TEMPER I
Low C
I
12 Cr
v
120

Types403, ~
410,416 ~ 80
IE C~PY-V

l
y
/
/
40
v
~
li

0
0 HlO 200 30(1 400 500 GOO 700
TEST TEMPERATURE - F

FIG. 3.0331 EFFECT OF ELF.V,\TED TEST TEMPERAWRES ON THE IMPACT PROPERTffiS

OF TYPE 403, (50)

TABLE 3 0332
Source slf T (52)
Form Bar
Alloy Type 403 Type 410(a)
1800F-1 hr-OQ; 1800F-1hr-OQ
Condition 1750F-lhr-AC; 1075F-3hr-AC 950 F-3hr-AC
1050F-1hr-AC 1100F-2hr-AC 975F-2hr-AC
Test Temp

RT
F
- -
IE Charllv- V rt-lb
16.0 8.5
500
600
105 - -
98 34.3 19.3
700 - 35.5 20.3
800 81 41.3 17.5
(a) Average or two tests.

!iJ
:..:

1
10
e-(LOW C)-12Cr+-- -l
8
BAR

40 6

4
~30 1. 31 PERCENT

~20 ~4---+---~~~~~

-400 -300 -200 -100 +SO

TEST TEMPERATURE - F
0.01 0.1
FIG 3. 0333 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMP- TIME- HOURS
ERATURES ON THE IMPACT
FIG. 3. 041 SHORT TIME TOTAL STRAIN CURVE& FOR AS
PROPERTIES OF TYPES 410
QUENCHED TYPE 410 SHEET AT 1200 TO
AND 416. (53) 2000F. (42, pp. 45, 46)

CODE 1401
1971, BeUour Stulen, Ioc.
PAGE I?
 HE.VI:SI:.U 1 :St:.t"' II:.Mt:ll:.tc I~ fl I L.l \I \VV'-" ~'-'-""I-

l.

60 Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr (TYPE 403)

60
Fro= 112 KSI F1
20 TO 26 Rc
Low C
40
12 0

~20
Types4 (
20
410,4U

~~0 0
~ 10
8 ~~40
~
6

20
4

0
1500 F 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
2
1000 10,000 MBAN STRESS - KSI
10 100
TIME -HR FIG. 3.051 STRESS RANGE DlAGRAMS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
TO 900F FOR MATERIA L HEAT TREATED 20 TO 26 Rc.
FIG. 3.042 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR BAR AT (43)
1000 TO 1500F. (30, pp. 8, 9)

Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr (TYPE 403)

80 t-..::.=~1=::::::=-j----j----(---FTU = 13832KSIRc
26 TO

Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr (TYPE 410)

20 0 3/4 INCH BAR
1800F, 1/2 HR, AC + 1050F, 2 HR (30 ~0 35 Rc)
GOOF
v
A
~
100
~ ......... 800F
80
SMOOTH ~
60
til
~20 0
.-.;o?---
GOOF

NOTCHE;~~ ~

w
100
0

60
~!6 ~p~oo ~
I
1
= 0.002
10
K-5

I RUPTURE
100
' "'800F ~

1000
1'- 0
0
1000HR

20 40
0.1
TIME- HOURS
FIG. 3.052 STRESS RANGE DIAGRAMS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
FIG. 3.043 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR SMOOTH AND TO 900F FOR MATERIAL HEAT TREATED 26 TO 32 Rc
(44) (43)
NOTCHED BAR AT 600 TO 800F.

CODE I
 Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr(T YPE 403)
Fe INCH BAR
12 .......... Fe-(LOW C)-12Cr
Low C 1750F, 15 MIN, OQ + 1000F, 1 1/2HR

~2 Cr
FTU = 141 KSI
~
v;
:.:10 ~
'Types403,
\
0
0 G DYNAMIC
....
0

410,41 6
8 ~

I
0 400 800 1200 1600
~ 0~------+------<~~--~------~~..~ TEMPER ATURE- F

~40~------+------4-------+-------1------, FIG. 3.063 MODULUS OF RIGIDITY AT ROOM

~
AND ELEVATE D TEMPER ATURES.
(47)
<
~20~----~~~~~~~~~--~
~<

REFEREN CES
40
1. AMS 5350D CasUngs - Investmen t 12.5Cr (June 30,1962).
2. AMS 5351B Castings- Sand 12.5Cr (June 15, 1953).
3. AMS 5504F Plate, Sheet and Strip 12.5Cr (Novembe r 1,
1969).
4. AMS 5591D Tubing, Seamless 12.5Cr (July 15, 1961).
5. AMS 5610G Bars and Forgings 13Cr, Low Carbon, Free
Machining (April15, 1967).
6. AMS 5613K Bars, Forgings, Mech Tubing and lUngs
20 12.5Cr (Novembe r 1, 1969).
40 60 80 7. AMS 5776 Wire- Welding 12.5Cr (January 15, 1957).
MEAN STRESS - KSI
8. AMS 5777 Electrode , Coated Welding 12.5Cr (January1 5,
FIG. 3.053 STRESS RANGE DIAGRAMS AT 700 AND 900F 1957).
FOR RUPTURE , 1.0 AND 0.5 PERCENT TOTAL 9. ASTM A 193-69 Alloy- Steel Bolting Materinis for High
STRAIN FOR HEAT TREATED BAR. (48, p.181) Temperat ure Service, Book of Standards American
Society for Testing Materials , Part 1, pp. 109-117
(1970).
10. ASTM A 194-69 Cnrbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts
for High Pressure and High Temperat ure Service (Ibid)
pp. 11-125.
11. ASTM A 276-67 Stninless and Heat Resisting Bars and
Shapes, Book of Standards American Society for Testing
Matcrinis , Part 3, pp. 235-241 (1970).
12. ASTM A 296-68 Corrosion Resistant Iron-Chro mium,
Iron-Chro mium-Nic kel and Nickel Base Castings,
Book of Standards AmerlcWl Society for Testing
Materials , Part 2, pp. 157-163 (1970).
13. ASTM A 314-63 Stniniess and Heat- Resistant Steel
Billets Wld Bars for Reforging , Book of Standards
American tioclety for Testing Materials , Part 3, pp.
310-313 \.1970).
14. ASTM !, 351-69 Ferrite and Austenitic Steel Castings
for !Ugh Temperat ure Service, Book of Standards
American Society for Testing Materials , Part 2, pp.181-
187 (1970).
15. AMS 5349 (July 15, 1963).
16. American Iron and Steel Institute, "Stainles s and Heat
~24~----+-----~~_,~~--~ Resisting Steels," Steel Products Manual p. 38 (June
1957).
0
0 17. AMS 5505A Sheet, Strip, and Plate 12Cr Ferrite
....
0
Controlled (Novembe r 1, 1968).
18. AMS 5609 Bars, Forgings, and Tubing 12.5Cr Ferrite
Controlled (January 31, 1964).
e DYNAMIC (47) 19. AMS 5611 Bars, Forgings, and Tubing 12Cr Ferrite
0 STATIC (46) Controlle d (May 1, 1970).
20. AMS 5612A Bars, Forgings, Wtd Tubing 12Cr Ferrite
Controlle d (Novembe r 1, 1968).
400 800 1200 1600 21. AMS 5614 Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock 12Cr-
TEMPER ATURE- F 0. 5Mo (June 15, 1952).
22. AMS 5655 Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock 12Cr-1 W
FIG. 3.062 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT ROOM
(January 15, 1959).
AND ELEVATE D TEMPERA TURES. 23. AMS 5821A Wire-Wel ding 12.5Cr (special grade)
(46, p. 17)(47) (January 15, 1963). ,_

CODE 1401
PAGE 14 0 1971, Balfour Stu! en, Inc.
 REVISED SEPTEMBER 1971 FERROUS ALLOYS

24. Allegheny Ludlum (1958).

i\,.._,./
2S. Epsey, G. B., Jones,M. H., and Brown, W. F., Jr., Fe
Proc.ASTM, Volum-3 59, p. 837 (1959).
26. Schaefer, E. A., "c-rrosion Resistance Type CA-15" Low C
Alloy Casti'tg Institute DatA Sheet (June 1954).
27. Hosl., Y. and Pinnow, K. E., "The Tensile Properties 12 Cr
of Type 410 Stalnlesij s~el Deformed Before and After
Martensite Transformatit n," Trans ASM, Volume 53,
p. 591 (1961). Types 403,
28. North American Aviation, Inc. , "Materials Prvperty
Manual and Summary Report," Materials Re<mrch
410,416
Report No. AL-2604, Appendix G (Octob<Jr 30, 1957).
29. Westinghouse Electric Corporation, "Properties of
AlSl Type 410 Stninless Steel, " Bettis Plant.
30. Materials Manual (May 1957) Universal Cyclops Steel
Corporation, "High Temperature Metals, "(October 1956)
31 Morykawas, s., "Cannon-Musk egon Corporation, 416
Alloy Dats" (September 1967).
32. Lennox, T. J., Jr., Peterson, M. H., and Groover,
R. E. "Marine Corrosion Studies," NRL Report 1948
(Notember 1968).
33. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation, Jones and
Laughlin Stainless Steel Data Sheet (July 25, 1958).
34. Gerberich, W. W., Marlena, H. E., and Boundy, R.A.,
"Tensile Properties of Five Low-Alloy and Stainless
Steels Under High-Heating- Rate and Constant-Tem pera-
ture Conditions," Technical Report No. 32-222, Jet
Propulsion Laboratory (June 1962).
35. Chait, R., Weiss, V., "Isothermal True Stress-Strain
Curves of Body Centered Metals," Syracuse University
Research Institute Repori No. MET. E. 1081-0666
(June 1966); see also Chait, R., "Deformation and Frac-
ture of !Ugh Strength BCC Polycrystallin e Alloys,"
PHD Thesis, Syracuse University (1967) (available
from University of Michigan, order No. 68-5451).
36. Report on Strengths of Wrought Steels at Elevated Temp-
eratures, ASTM Datn Series 053.
37. Best, G. E., "403 Stainless Steel," General Electric
Dats Sheets (June 2, 1958).
38. "Development of a Point Deformation Rolling Mill,"
Ntnth Interim Engineering Progress Report, Mli-IP
Project Nr 8-252 (July 1966-Scptemb er 1966).
39. DeSisto, T. S., Unpublished Data, Army Materials and
Mechanics Research Center, Watertown, Massachusetts .
40. Haynes Stellite Company, "Haynes Investment- Cast
Steels," Haynes Type 410 Stainless Steel (April 1958).
4L Holden, F. C., "A Review of Dlmensionalln stablllty
in Metnls," DMlC Memvrandum 189 (March 1964).
42. Van Echo, J. A., Gullotli, D. V., llibler, J. R. and
Simmons, W. F., "Short-Time Creep Properties of
Structural Sheet Materials for Aircraft and Missiles,"
AFTR 6731, Part 4 (January 1956).
43. General Electric (1957).
44. Sessler, J. and Brown, W. F., Jr., Proc.ASTM,
Volume 56, p, 738 (1956).
45. Vltovcc, F. H. and Lazan, B. J., "Fatigue, Creep
and Rupture Properties of Heat Resistant Materials,"
WADC TR56-181 (August 1956).
46. ASTM STP 129 Symposium on Determination or Elastic
Constants.
47. Timken, "Resume of High Temperature Investigations
During 1948-50, " (J 950).
48. Clark, C. C., "High Temperature Alloys," Pitman
Publishing Corporation, pp. 206-213 (1953).
49. Banerjee, B. R., and Hauser, J.J., "EUect of Process-
tng Variables on Crack Propagation of High Strength
Steels and Titnnium," Crucible Steel Company or
America (August 29, 1963).
50. DMIC Data Sheet, 6909-001 (September 1969).
51. Nachman, J. F. and Buchler, W.J., "Applications,
Properties, and Fabrication or Tbermenol Type Alloys,"
U.S. Naval Ordnance Rcpori 4237 (May 5, 1956).
52. Favor, R.J. and Popp, H. G., "Materials Properly
lhta Compilation, Pari m AlSl 410," General Electric
Company, Cinctnnati, Ohio (January 31, 1964).
53. Warren, K. A. and Reed, R. P. , "Tensile and Impact
Properties of Selected Materials from 20 to 300K,"
National Iklreau of Standards Monograph 63 (June 28,
1963).

rnnr 1.111"\1
 AEVISEOt!:'ARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
:1
~CY
1. GENERAL 1.08 Melting and Casting Practice, Electric furnace alr melt.
This medium ca~bon variety of the martensttic 12 to 13 All types of vacuum melts are also available, as well as Fe
percent chLomlum steels has been used for many years by
the cutlery industry. More recently, it has been
vacuum degassed rnatedal.
Med c
considered for air weapon applications in form of sheet, Special Conslder.Ctions. See also Type 410.
strip, plate, bar and forgings, heat treated to '"r!ous
1.09
Stress corrosion may occur If the steel is e>q)osed at
13 Cr
1.091
strengths up to about Feu = 240 ksl. Like In many other 700 to BOO F. It should riot be used for heavily stressed
martensltic high alloy steels, its high iltrength is parts that will operate at sub-zero temperatures, 19, p. SO). TypE ,4 20
retained up to relatively high temperatures, Besides the
common grade, there also exist fre" machining varieties, 2, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
'):'ype 420 F. Th~ alloy Is also used in form of sand and
~-
centrifugal castings under the trade name, CA 40, 2.01 Thermal Properties , (5, 6-2-3.1).
2.011 Melting .range. 2650 to 27 50 F.
1.01 Commercial Designations. Wrought: Types 420, 420 F. 2.012 Phase chaitgcs. Thil.' alloy transforms from the
:. Cast: CA-40. austenitic to the ferrltlc condition, see Type 410,
2. 013 Thermal conductivity, Fig. 2, 013.
1.02 AlterllSte Designations. Type 420 stainless steels. 2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2. 014.
2.015 Speciiic heat, Fig. 2. 015.
1.03 Specifications. Table I. 03.
2.02 Oher Physical Properties , (5, 6:2-3.1) .
TARI.F .m 2,021 Density. 0. 28 lb per cu ln. 7. 76 gr per cu em.
AMS Tvne Fonn IMntr~ 2.022 Electrical resistivity, 21,6 microhm in.
5506A 420 Sheet, strip, plate 2,023 Magnetic properties. The alloy ls ferromagnetic,
5621 420 Bar, forgings, forging stock jQQ-5763
56208 420 F Bar, forgings (free machining) 2,03 Chemical Properties
2. 031 Corros1on resistance
2. 0311 This steel, when heat treated to high strength, has a good
1.04 Composition. Table I. 04. corrosion resistance to atmospheres, fresh water, mild
acids and alkalies. Polishing the surface Increases its
corrosion resistance. Type 420 Is superior to Type 410.
TABLE 1 04 2. 03!2 Type 420 becomes susceptible to stress corrosion caused
~our"" AMS 1)(2 AMSI3) ACI 141 by lntergranular carbide precipitation when exposed to
Percent Percent Percent certain combinations oC temperan.are and time. sucl1 as
Min Max Min Max Min Max long time exposure at 700 to 800 F.
Carbon 0.30 9.40 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.40 2. 032 Oxidation Ieslstance is good up to 1200 F for continuous
Manganese - 1.00
1.00 - 1.25 -- 1.00 service, and up to 1400 F for Intermittent service. A
Silicon
!Phosphol"JS
-- 0,040 -- 1.00
0.040 -- 0.04
1. 50 light oxide coat forms and protects the surface from
further oxidation,
Sulfur
Chromium
- 14.00
12.00
0.030 -
12.00
0.030
14.00 11.5
0.04
14.0 2. 04
Nickel - 0.50 - o.so -- 1.0
Molybdenum
Selenium
-- 0.50
-
-
o.1s
0. 60"
o.3s
0.5
- Balance- 3, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
ron Balance Balance
Or zirconium 3.01 Specified Mechanical Properties
.. Selenium may be absent, but In such case sulfur must be 0.15 to 0. 3, Oil AMS specified mechanical properties, Table a. 011.
0.35 .
1.05 Heat Treatment TARLE 3 011
I. 051 Full anneal. 1550 to !650 F, 1 hr per In thlclatess, furnace ource AS l A 3\12
cool to 1100 F, (4). Allov 'IVPe ~0
1.052 Sl!l>crltlcal anneal. 1300 to 1350 F, 3 hr minimum, air lliot:..n ~~ti Rar
cool. Condition Ann
I. 053 Austenltize. 1800 to 1850 F, air cool or oil quench, Ftu, max - ks1 100 -
depending on section size. Heavy sections should be
preheated at 1250 F, (4). AMS specify 1815 to 1835 F, 25
min minimum.
e (2 In), min-percent
< 0.030 in
5 0.030 in
12
iS
--
1.054 Temper. 400 to 1500 F, 3 hr minimum. Tempering Hardness,
between 600 F and 1000 F is not generally rec<mmended,
because of reduced ductility and corrosion res~ stance.
BHN, mnx - 241

Effect of temperingtempcrature on tensile properties of 3, 02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature. See 3, 03

OOr and cast test bars, Flg. 1.051.. also.
3.021 Typical mechanical properties, Table 3.021.
1.06 Hardenablllty. This steel Is air hardening up to a
certain thickness. AMS specify that thlc'<nesses up to TABI.E 3 021
1/2 In and 1/2 In slices taken from thicker sections, if Source 6. o.43119 n. 8
nustenitizcd at 1815 to 1835 F and air cooled, should have Allov Tvnc 420tFe~ C- 3
a hardness of 50 RC minimum. Form Bar W!rn i Rnuorl j
1.07 Forms and Conditions Available
Condition
Ann CD Ann
Bright
Soft ~1F~~
1.0'11 Alloy Is avallnble In sheet, strip, plate, bar, forgings, and l'hlr.nooo - All I 0.250 0. 25t
forging tocl:. rtu -ksi 95 lOS 95 110 250
1.072 Sheet, strip and plate arc av;J.ilablc in the annealed Ft -kl 50 85 so 8', 215
condition, bar in the hot rolled or cold drawn conditions ,(Iin)-perccnt 25 1/
.. 20 IS 8
and forgings In various condltjons, as desired, (1)(2)(3). RA. percent 55 Su 65 55 25
1.073 Sand and cf:ntrifugal -:U;:.Lti\gt'a.rc available in the full Hanlncss,
commercial ran1~e of sizes ar:d variots conditions, as BHN 1~5 215 - - 5!2
desired. RB 92 95 92 97 -

CODE 1402
PAGE
FeM
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDMARCH 1963

~ ~
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperawres
'-"
320
Fe 3.031 Short time tension properties Fe-(MEQ C)I3Cr
3.0311 Stress strain curves in tension at room and elevated tem-
Med c peratures for sheet tempered at 900 F. Fig. 3. 0311.
3.0312 Bfiect of exposure and test temperarure on tenslle
13 Cr 240
~I
3.0313 Effect of room aod elevated temperature oil tensile proper-
ties of.alloy, Fig. 3.0313. Fro
properties of sheet tempered at 900 F, Fig. 3. 0312.
TYPE 420 3.032
3.0321
Short time properties other than tension
Stress stru.ln curves 1n compression at room and 160 rt
elevated temperatures for sheet tempered at 900 F, Fig.
3. 0321.
3,0322 Bff'ect of expouure a~d test temperature on compressive
yield strength of sheet tempered at 900 F, Fig. 3. 0322. 80
3.0323 Bf!ect of exposure and test tempE'rawre on bearing

3.0324
propertleo of sheet rempered at 900 F, Fig. 3. 0323.
Bffect of exposure and test temperawre on shear strength
i=
3.0325
of sheet tempered at 900 F, Fig. 3. 0324. "'
Effect of eleoiated temperatures on Impact strength of bar.
Fig. 3. 0325.
3.0326 l!ffect of elevated temperature on hot hardness of alloy,
Fig. 3. 0326. 0
3. 0327 l!ffect of elevated temperature on hot hardness of alloy, 80
F!g. 3. 0327.
3.033 Smtic stress concentration effects ~
~ 40
3.04 Creep and Creep ~upwre Properties ~

3,05 Fatigue Properties

Ill
3.06 Blastic Properties
0
3.061 Moduius of elasticity, 29, 000 Ia!!. 0 400 800 1600
3.062 Modulus of rig!dlty, 17, 700 lall.
3. (l63 TBMPBRING TBMP - P
Tangent modulus curves 1n compression at room and
elevated temperatures for llheet tempered at 900 F, Fig. PIG. 1.054 BFPBCT OF TBMPBRING TBMPBRATURB
3.063.
ON TBNSILB PROPBRTIBS OF BAR AND
CAST TBST BARS (4KB)
4. FABRICATION
4.01 Forming and Casting
4.011 General. The formability of sheet In this alloy In the
fully annealed condition Is nearly equivalent to that of ...........
1/4 bard austenitic stainless steels. 17
4.012 Fe- (Med C)-13Ct
Shearing type operations on TYpe 420, such as blanking
ANN
and punching, are not recommended.
4.013 Forging. Smrtiog temperature 2200 F maximum.
finishing temperature 1750 F minimum. Stress reUeve at
1250 to 1350 F after forging. Do not forse below 1650 F;
reheat I( necessary, (9, p. 81).
4.014 Casting. The casting properties of this steel are
Inferior to those of other smln!ess steels. Unless high
strength Is a primary consideration Its use In form o[
casting is not recommended. Castings should have
section thicknesses of 3/16 In or greater and designs
Involving section dU!erences should be avoided.
4.02 Machining. The alloy machines best In conditions having
a hardness o[ about 225 BHN. Powerful and rigid
machinery, sharp tools, low speeds, slow feeds. deep
cuts and ample cooling with a sul!o-chlorlnatcd FIG. 2. 013 THBRMAL CONDUCTIVITY
petroleum oil should be used. The chips are abrasive to (5, p. 62-3. 3)
the tool and have a tendency to gall.

4.03 Welding. Alloy can he welded by .the various fusion

welding methods, except the oxyacetylene process,
preferably with coated TYpe 420 electrodes. Parts should
be preheated at 400 to 600 F and postheated at 1125 to
1100 F, I! possible before cooling to below 300 F.
Austenitic electrodes, Types 309 and 3!0, can be used, I!
high strength Is not required. Oxyacetylene welding
should he avoided because o! the danger o( carburlzing
and the resulting loss In corrosion resistance.

4.04 Heating and Heat Treating. Heat treating of long slender

parts made o! this steel results in severe distortions
.unless they are rigidly supported by fixtures or
suspended vertically during heating and quenching. n.e
high strength conditions cannot he satisfactorily
straightened by stretching.
FIG. 2. 014 THBRMAL EXPANSION
4.05 Surface Treating. See Type 410. (5, p. 6-?..'1. 3)
 FeM
REVISEDMARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fe-(Med C)-13Cr I Fe-(Med C)-13Cr

SHBBT -----:-- 2 40
Fe
...___ 1800 F, 15 MIN. OQ
+900F. 3HR Med C
...... ,.___ 200
13 Cr

~
a:.
F ~ t2 TYPE 420
~ 111
re o. 16 1----:l------,le.----1-r--1--t 00 ~

~
~ a:.

160 120

FIG. 2. 015 SPBCIFIC HBAT
F1Y
~\
,~~
(5, p. 6-2-3. 4) 0
eo o.06 IN
At::. 0.187 IN
8 A 1/2 HR. ) EXPOSURE
80
ot::.tooo rm.
~

e (2 IN)
... _.....-1

0 200 400 600 800 1000

TBMP-P
FIG. 3. 0312 EFPF.CT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST
TEMPERA'll.lRE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
I)F SHEET TEMPBRED AT 900 F
(7, p.174-179)

Pe-(Med C)-13Cr
0. 062 IN SHBBT
1800 F, 1/4 HR., OQ
l00~---+-~+~9~00~P~~3~HR.~--t

6t'll-----i
i2
80~---~+-~~+-~--~

NSION
0
0. 004 o. 008 0. 010
STRAIN - IN PER IN
0 400 800 1200 1600
PIG. 3. 0311 STRESS STRAIN CURVES TEMP- F
IN TE!-I!fiON AT ROOM
AND ELEVATED TEM- FIG. 3.0313 EFFECT OF ROOM AND ELEVATED
PERATURES FOR SHEET TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROP-
TEMPERED AT 900 F
ERTIES OF ALLOY ( , p. )
(7. p.163) 9 81

CODE 14o~ I
FeM
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDMARCH 1963

200 Pe-(Med C)-13Cr

Fe O. 062 IN SHBBT
1800 P, 15 MIN,
Med C +900 P, 3 HR
160
13 Cr

Iii
TYPE 420 1-.11...=-+----+--+---+ --\+-l 320 ~

....m

160

0
o. 004 0. 008 0. 010
STRAIN - IN PBR IN
FIG. 3. 0321 STRESS STRAIN CURVES
IN COMPRESSION AT ROOM
AND ELEVATED TEMPER-
ATURES FOR SHEET TEM-
PERED AT 900 F
(7, p.166)
SOL-----~--~~--~~-----~~~
0 600 800
TBMP-F
FIG. 3. 0323 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERATURE ON
BEARING PROPERTIES OF SHEET TEMPERED AT 900 F
. (7, p. 184-187)

200
Fe-(Med C)-13Cr
lo. 062 IN SHBBT Fe(Med C)-13Cr
Pcv
1800 F, 15 MIN, OQ 160 '0.187 IN SHBBT
1800 p. 15 MIN, OQ + 900 P)HR
......_
160
--- ---- --,- ----~
PTY
+900 P, 3HR

\
120
t--

~ 120
112
HR ) BXPOSURB I
Psu '\
0 1000 ~ R \ ~
80
\ 80

1/2 HR } EXPClsURB \
0 IOOOrR
)
1 (>
0 200 400 60Q 800 1000
0 200 400. 600 800 1000 TBMP-P
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0324 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPER-
FIG. 3. 0322 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERA'iURE ATURE ON SHEAR STRENGTH OF SHEET
ON COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH OF SHEET TEMPERED AT 900 F
TEMPERED AT 900 F (7, p. ld0-181) (7, p. 182-183)

CODE 14021
 r ~lVI

REVISEDMARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

200
Fe-(Med C)l3Cr Fe
OliN Dl:A BAR I Med C

I 160
13 Cr

-v
!;: 40

0
400
.. !EROD

800 1000 1200 ~

120 TYPE 420

1400
80
TEMPERING TEMP - F

Fie>. 3.!).125 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURES ON

IMPACT STRENGTH OF BAR (8)
40

COMPRESSION
0
0 8 16 24 32
1000 KSI
J.Fe(Med C)-13Cr
HARDENED FROM 1850 F,_
FIG. 3.063 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES IN
5 COMPRESSION FOR SHEET AT ROOM
+DRAWN SO F, 1 HR
AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
~ETBSTTEMP FOR SHEET TEMPERED AT 900 F
(7, p.l71!73)

1\
BHN

"'"
.. ~
}Ill
2UU 4JU 600 800 1000
TEMt'- F

FIG. 3.0326 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERA-

TURE ON HOT HARDNESS OF ALLOY
(9, p. 81)

56~----~-----r----~~----~F~e~-(~M~ed~C~)-~1~3C~r-,

.......
~ 481~~!S$~~',\~
~
REFERENCES

0 I AMS 5506 A, (Nov. !, !952)

~ 4011---+---+--+---t--T\1"---r 2 AMS 562!, (Nov. I, 1952)

~ '~
3 AMS 5620 B, Uune 15, 1952)
4 Alloy Casting lnstitu;e, "Corrosion Resistant Type CA-40",
Data Sheet, Uune 1954)
~iiJ 32!~--~----~----4-----
e HARDENED 1850 F, }
~---+~-~~-; 5 North American Aviation, Inc., "Materials Property Manual
and SJmmary Report", Contract AF 33(600)-28469, (Oct. 30,
;!:: +DRAWNSOF, lHR !957)
~ ABOVE TBST TEMP (9) 6 American Iron and Steel Institute, "Stainless and Heat Resis-
~ 241-- A 1900 F, OQ +DRAWN -+-----+----~ ting Steels", Steel Products Manual, Oune 1957)
1 HR AT TBST TEMP 7 Kattus, J. R., Preston, J. B., and Lessley, H. L., "Determin-
ation or Tensile, Compressive, Bearing and Shear Properties
1 IN ROUND BAR } (B)
TEMPERED or Sheet Steels at Elevated Temperatures", Southern Research
16~--~~~~~~~~--
u 200 400 600 800
~--~~~~
1000 1200
Institute, WADC TR 58365, ASTlA Document No. 206075,
(Nov. !958)
Universal-cyclops Steel Corporation, "Unlloy" (Uniloy 1435),
TEMP- F Data Sheets, (1958)
9 The Carpenter Steel Co . "Carpenter Stainless and Heat Resis-
FIG. 3.0327 EFFECT OF ELBVATBDTEMPBRATURB ON HOT HARD ting Steel~ - Selection. Description, Fabrication", Working
NESS OF ALLOY (8)(9, p. 81) Data, (1962)

CODE 1402
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

1.08 Meltin;I and Casting Practice. Electric furnace air melt.

L GENERAL
All types of vacuum melts and vacuum degassed materisl
This martensltic stainless steel is a development of the
are also available.
Fe
12 percent chromium steels, Types 410 and 420, with
additions of various elements. It can be heat treated to Special Considerations. Sec Type 420.
12 Cr
1.09
various strength levels, up to about F tu = 250, 000 psi. Mo
Somewhat lower strength material possesses good atren~;t:l
at tempetatures up to. 1200 F, combined with tite good
corrosion and oxidation resistance oC these types. The
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPI!RTIBS w
steel is available in sll wrought .forms. H properly 2.01 Thcrmall'ropcrtles 0.8 Ni
annealed It possesses good formability and It can be Melting range. 2675 to 2700 F, (8, p. 39).
welded by various methods.
2.011
2.012 P:1ase cl1anges. Sec Type 420.
0.25V
2.0121 Time temperature transformation diagram for alloy,
1.01 Commercial Designation, Type 422 Stainless Steel. Fig. 2.0121. TYPE 422
2.013 Thermal conductMty. TObie 2.013.
1.02 Alternate Designation, Crucible 422.

L 03 Specifications. Table 1. 03
TABLE2 013.
Temp -F Thermal Conductivity, Btu ft per :nr sq tt F;
RT 13.8
TABLE1.'03 IS. 8
lAMS I Form wurary
800
1200 16.3

2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2. 014.

2.015 Specific heat. 0. 11 Btu per (lli F).
2.016 D!Uusivlty. 0. 27 sq ft per hr.
1.04 Composition. Table 1. 04
2.02 Other Physical Properties
2.021 Density. 0.280to0.28llbpercu In, 7.78to7.80
TABLE 1 04 [,'< per cu ern, (8, p. 39).
Source AMS (I) 2.022 Electrical rcsistlviry, Table 2. 022.
Percent 2,02S W.a;;netic properties. Alloy is ferroma3f!etic.
Min Max 'Magnetic permcablllty, sec Table 2. 022.
carbon 0.20 0.25
Manganese
Silicon
-
0.20
1.00
0.60 TABLE 2 022
Sulfur - 0.030 Tef!!!!!rrinlt Temp - F 700 800 900
Phosphorus
Chromium
-
11.50
0.040
13.50
Blectrlca1 resistivity
microhm-In 24.3 23.9 23.7
Nickel 0.50 1. 00 Magnetic permeability
Molybdenum 0.75 1.25 at 100 oersteds 85 75 93
'l\mgsten 0.75 1.25 maximum &5 92 100
Vanadium 0.17 0.2!
Iron Balance 2,03 Chemical Properties
2.031 Corrosjon resistance of this slloy Is best In the illlrdened
Crucible gives 0. 20 to 0. 40
and tempered conditions where it is similar to that of
Type 403.
2.032 O><idation resistance. Alloy Is good up to about 1450 F
for continuous service and up to 1300 F for intermittent
1.05 Heat Treatment service. lt is altro resi5tmlt to sulphurous gases at
Full anneal !or maximum formability. 1525 to 1600 F, ~1cse temperatures.
1. 051
11/2 hr per Inch thlclmess, cool at 25 F per hr maxi-
mum to 1300 F, hold 6 ltr, cool at 50 F per hr maximum 2.04 Nuclear Properties
to 1000 F maximum. Sections over 12 inch thickness
should be slowly cooled to 150 F r. a>.imum in an in
sulatiug material to prevent crac:dn:;. 3. MEC~CALPROPERTIES

1.052 SubCritical annc:al for machinability or repeated forming.

1400 to 1425 F, 6 to 8 hr, furnace cool to 1200 F maxi- 3.01 Specified Mechanical l'ropertlcs
mum. 3. 011 AMS specified meci1anical properties, 'faille 3. 011.
1.053 Stress relief after welding. 1200 to 1300 F, 8 hr, air cool. 3.02 Mechanical P.~o}lertics at Room Temperawrc. Sec
1.054 Austenltlze. 1875 to 1950 F, 15 min minimum, air cool 3. 03 also.
n.roil quench, depending on section si2e aod shape. AMS
speci!les 1900 to 1950 F, 1 hr minimum. TABLB 3 011
1.055 Temper. 800 to 1275 F. 2 hr minimum, preferably double AMS '1
I Sat ce
temper, partlcula:.:iy heavy sections. AMS specifics
AI!Qy_ Fe-12Cr-1Mo-1W-D. SNI-D. 25V
double temper at 1100 F minimum, 4 hr minimum, air Form Bar, F orllinlls
cool.+ 1000 F mlriimum, 4'1tr mlnimutiJ, air cool. Condition Double Tempered
F(U min -ksi 140
1.06 Hardenablllty. This steel is air hardening and sections 115
F~, min -ksi
up to 4 Inch thickness tlcvclop full strength on air 13
e 4 D), min -percent
cooling. -percent 25
RA. min
Hardness
1.07 Forms and Conditions Availablc 293
BHN min
1. 071 Alloy Is available in the full commcrclnl range of forms max 3-41
and sizes for manensitic stainless steels.
Impact Strength
1.072 These products are available in the hot worked or Jzod V, min - ft lh 8
anncnled condition.
1.073 Forgings can be also supplied In heat treated conditions.

COCE 1403
PAGE
~eM

FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

3.021 Effect of tempering temperarure on tensile properties use with the metal arc process and 422 filler rods
Fe of sheet and bar, Fig. 3. 021. should be used with the Inert gas welding process.
3.022 B!fect of tempering temperarure on hardness and Be~use Crucible 4~2 is air hardening, It Is essential
12 Cr impact strength, Fig. 3. 022, to ~sc a preheat at 350 to 400 F. After welding tile
steel should be posthcated at 1200 to 1300 F, 8 hr and
I Mo 3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures air cooled.
w 3, 031
3. 0311
Short time tension properties
E!fect of test temperature on tensile properties of bar 4.04 Heating and Heat Treating. See Type 410.
0.8 Ni and forgings, Fig. 3, 0311.
Tensile stress strain curves for sheet at room and 4.05 S~rface Treating. Sec Type 410.
0.25 v 3, 0312
elevated temperatures, Fig. 3. 0312.
3, 0313 Bilect o( exposure and test temperarure o.>n tensile
properties of sheet, Fig. 3. 0313,
TYPE 422 3.0314 Effect of exposure and test temperature on tensile
properties of sheet, Fig. 3. 0314.
3. 032 Short time properties other than tension
3. 0321 Stress strain curves in compression for sheet at room
Jnd elevated temperawres, Fig. 3, 0321.
3, 0322 Effect of exposure and test temperature on compressive
and tensile yield strengths of sheet, Fig. 3. 0322.
3, 0323 Bficct of exposure and test tcmperarure on bearing
properties of sheet, Fig. 3, 0323.
3, 0324 B!fect of exposure and test temperarure on shear
stren!,'lh of sheet, Fig. 3, 0324.
3, 033 Static stress concentration effects
3.0331 EfCcct of low and elevated temperature on impact prop;.:r-
tles of bar, Fig. 3. 0331.
3, 04 Creep and Creep Ruprure Properties
3. 041 Total strain and creep rupture curves for forgings at
1000 to !200 F, Fig. 3, 041.
3. 042 Creep rupture curves for bar at 1000 to 1200 F, Fig,
3. 042.
3. 043 Creep rupture curves for sheer. at 800 to 1200 F, F1g.
3. 043.
3.044 Creep rupture curves for sinooth ami notched bar at
1000 to 1200 F , Fig. 3, 044.
3, 045 Isochronous stress strain curves at 80J to 1200 F for
various tempers, Fig. 3. 045.
3.05 Fatigue Properties
3.051 Stress range dlligram for N!r at 900 and 1100 F,
Fig. 3, 051.
3. 06 Elastic Properties
3. 061 Modulus of clasudty ar. room and elevated r.cmpcrar.u cs,
Fig. 3. 061.
3. 062 Modulus of rigidity at room anu clc:ated temperatures,
Fig. 3.062.
3, 063 Poisson's ratio. 0. 23.
3. 064 Tangent modulus curves in compression for sheer. at
room and elevated temperatures, Fi;.;. 3. 064.

4. FABRICATION

4. 01 Forming and Casting

4. 011 General. This alloy can he cold formed In titc fully
n.nnC'alcd condition in a rr.anncr simililr to Type 420.
Intermediate anneals at 1400 to 1425 F should he used
In multiple stage form in~ operations.
4.012 Some experimental results indicate that warm pre-
stressing of notch sensitive steels effect the notch bend
fracture strength up to !50 per cent, (10, p. 5). Sheet
up to 0. 050 inch thickn('.!ss requires a bend factor of 2
and sheet 0. 050 to 0. 126 inch thickness a bend factor of
3.
4. 013 Forging, Starting tcmperarure 2025 F maximum,
finishing temperature 1550 F minimum. Heavy sections
should be preheated at 1200 to 1400 F. To avoid
cracking of heavy and complfcated sections on cooling.
forgings should be equalized at 1300 F before air
cooling, or cooled unler an insulating material.

4. 02 Machining. Machinabil\ty of this alloy is very similar

to that of Type 420. It machines best after subcrltlcal
annealing.

4.03 Welding. The alloy may be satisfactorily welded by

either the metal arc process or the inert gas process.
Special composition electrodes arc recommended for

CODE 1403
 FeM
REVISE D MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
~ .
\. .
.-/

2UUI. F<:I2CrIMr.IW~. 8NtO. 2SV Fe

I
I
IIIUSTENITIZING TEMP 19!Y.l F
12 Cr

ow ---/ ;;,------t--,--- I Mo
w

-~ - ----
/
( CARBIDE PREC PITATION 0.8 Ni

2....
........
-- - i -- ( .. ~[21\
-
~lll\;
0.25V

I I
CRITICAL. TI!MP Ac 1 1475 F
TYPE 422

PRIOR COND TEMPI:!llED ...

. ----- ---

i
Mo
40.: 25%

VlRTUAI..LY COMPL.81 E
---- -- 1--- --- ----
c I 10'~
I 10J 10o4
10
TIME SEC

FOR AI.. LOY

FIG. 2.11lll TIME TEMPERA TURE TRAI-SFORMATION DIAGRAM
(11, p.2)

FeI2Cr!M oIW-0. NI-0.2W

u,7 __
,._ - ( 4 ) (~)

==-- -:::-:= ~
a:
...
Ill

2S
"'6
re
--- ~
I
MBAN COBF LINEAR FROM RT TO TEMP
2S
THERMAL EXPANSION trlDICATE~
~
'()
I
9 5 I I
1

r.~~r-----t-----4-----~-----+~~~200
lliiU
0 200 400
TEMP- F
600 ~00 iOOO
2
u.

FIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION (4)(R, p.34)

1~0
~200 ~--~----~----~~~71~~~
I

j:
11.160
120

40
~
Ill
~
leo 00
400 hOO
TSMPSRING TEMP F

FIG. 3. 021 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA TURE ON TENSILE

PROPERTIES OF SHEBT AND BAR (4)(8)

CODE 1403
I ~IWI

FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

Fe ~
c
60 160~~~~--~~--~~--~
Fe-l2Cr-1Mo-IWO. 8NI-0. 25V

~~
12 0. 062 IN SHEET RT
Cr 1900 F, IS MIN, OQ
Mo ~tS40 120 + 1000 F 2 HR
~"'
~0
w ~

0.8 Ni 8..: 20
40
0.25V

TYPE 422 "' 20

~ 40
a.

0 0
600 ffOO 1000 llOO 1400 0 0. 002 0. 004 o. 006 il. 0011
TEMPERING TEMP - F STRAIN - IN PER IN
FIG. 3.022 EFFECT .OF TEMPERING TEMPERA'I1JRE
ON HARDNESS AND IMPACT STRENGTH FIG. 3.0.112 TENS!LE STRESS STRAIN CURVES FOR
(3, p.3) SI.JEET AT ROOM AND ELEVATED
TEMPERATU~ES (6, p.l97)

o-
+
Fe-J2Cr-1Mo-JW-O. ~Nt-0. 25V
BAR, FORGINGS
1900TOi925F.1T02HR
240

1.
~'+TEMPER. 2 HR

- 200

F'ru

Jno i:j
~
.__ r---
---f---.
- ~
--- ~~'.., 120

200 ~ ffO

o-- ~ ~)
'X\..;
160 ......, 40

~
FTY ~.
~ 120

80 e
1- A
--- ---
BAR
0Q+800F } 3
OQ + 1200 F < >
- - - r- - -
~...... ?-...
--r-~~+----~160i:i
}< ~ ...~
40
80
0 OQ + 800 F 4 J
LI.OQ+l200F
FORGINGS
._OQ :l200 P 2x2 HR. (5)
... ~ ~~~~j_

...
0
r--.._--....;).. /_
~V i:i
40 '~:120 1-----1!----c;:::::::o.-o;:J.;--.,..,

~ - .....till
RA a.
~
0
Iii
~ 40
re e (21N)
.....;~~
0
0
.....,
~

200
e

400
~
600
Ia

KOO 1000 1200

0 200 400 600
TEMP- F
800 1000
TEMPF
FIG. 3.0313 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERATURE
FIG. 3. 0311 EFFECI' OF TEST TEMPERA'I1JRE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES ON TENSILE P<lOPERTIES OF Sl-JEET
OF BAR AND FORGINGS (3, p. 4)(4)(5, p. 31) (6, p. 208, 212-213)

CODE 1403
PAGE 4
 FeM
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

28Ur----r ---"""T--- -,.----,.--- -,

'~:12CrIMnl WO.HNo0.25V
r:.u2o IN Sl 181>1 Fe-12Cr1Mo-IW-O. 8Nl-O. 25V Fe
IHSll F, 15 MIN, AC + 1----".......+----+--- 0. 062 IN SHEET 320
900 F 4 IIR 1900 t', 15 MIN, OQ 12 Cr
240~-~~7);:;j~~x-~l-l +IOOOF, 2 H
I Mo
w
0.8 Ni
0.25V

120I---+---+---II---+-~r-t
e J(l MIN} EXPOSURE
0400 HR
&VENDOR 30 MIN
:gl---+ ---f---f ---f---1

~160 b-~-~------~----~----~~~~~
"'
11.

TUMP F

''IG. 3.U314 EfoFllCT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERA 600 800

Tl IRE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET TEMP F
(<1, p.158159i
EFFEt~l OF EXPiJSUIU; AND TEST TEMPERATURE
ON IIEAilJNC; PllOI'I!I\TIES OF SIIEhl
(6, p. 21821~)

160

120

1ii 80

40

:,'TilAIN IN Plilt IN

FIG. J.UJ21 :.lllllSS :.I !lAIN CUIIVES IN COMPIU\SSION FOR

S~IEhl AT IIOOM 1\1\'D ELHVATI;D TEMPEI\ATUilES
(1, p.2Uio)

FcI2Crll\lul\V U. NJI;i-U. 25V Fe-12Cr1Mo-IWO. 8 o-0. 25V

0. 062 IN SHEET 120 f-.,..---t----- --1----: 0.188 IN SHBBT
1900 F. 15 MlN,OQ + 1000 F, 2 HR 1900F, 15MIN, 0Q
+IOOOF, 2 HR
I
~100~---4--~~==--~-=~~--~

200 400 600 800 100!' 0 200 400 600 800

TEMP- F TEMP- F
I'll :!. '.l.Hl EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPER I 1r.. ;:,to:l24 llFFcCT OF EXPQSURF. AND TEST TEMPER
ATURE ON COMPRESSIVE AND TENSILE ATURE ONS!iEAR STRE~H OF SHEET
YIELDSTRE~THS OF SHEET (6, p. 190)
(6, p.217)
I ~IW"I

FERROUS ALLOYS REVI SED MARCH 1963

at .----...---...--- ...---,---,
Pe-12Cr-1Mo1W-Q. 8Nl-O. 25V
Fe BAR, AUST 1900 P, 1 HR,
Fe-12Cr-1Mo-1W-0.8Nl-0 25
BAR
12 Cr OQ+THMPER
100 ~--+-------4---~1~9~00~F~.~~+~12~00~Pr.~2~H~R
Mo 80~--~------~----~~----~~~
I W
0.8 Ni
0.25V

TYPE 422 ~ 20
'
t:

0
A 1400 F, 2 HR
(RC 26) 10 ~~~~~~~L---~1~000~--~I~O.~OOO~~
0
.6. TIME -HR
20
v FIG.
3.0~2 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR BAR
AT 1000 TO 1200 F (3)(4)(8, p. 40)

TEMP- P

PIG. 3.0331 EFFECT OF LOW AND BLEVATBDTBM-

PBRATURB ON IMPACT PROPERTIES OF
BAR UL~~

,
......... ,

400
Fe-12Cr-1Mo-IW-O. 8NI-O. 25V

TEMPER
'1+800F, 2HR
I 0. 025 IN SHEET
1900 F, IS MIN, AC +TEMPER

i.."'(Q.
200 LI-+900F, IHR
e+IOOOF,1HR ~
"V + 1200 F, I HR 800 F

IOOr------.-------,----~~~~~~~ 100
900F
~
1-------+-------+
80 80
-.,.._. ~
~60 1000 p
-.r-.
40 40

20 ~
---1.01\',
- - 0. 5\1)
'l TOTAL
STRAIN
~ t-- 1200 F

RUPTURE
10 10
0.1 10 100 1000 10 100 1000 10,000
TIME- HR TIME -HR
FIG. 3.041 TOTAL STRAIN AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOH FIG. 3,043 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR SHEET AT 800
FOROI!IXJS AT 1000 TO 1200 F (5, p. 62) TO 1200 F (3)

COCE _1403
PAGE 6
 FeM
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

... Fe-12CrIMoIW-O. 8NiO. 2SV

liN BAR 60
Fe
100

HO
... 0.
~~

--..,..
1900 F, 1/2 HR, O Q _
........_ +1200 F. 2 HR
33RC
~

~
12
I
Cr
Mo
bO ~ r--- ~ .. - ..... 40 w
0-
----o ~~ ........ --~
1000 F
0
z
!=:
0.8 Ni
0.25 v
40
.......... ~ 20
.. ~ ~
UOOF 1 HR = 2. 16xJOS
CYC TYPE 422
'c ~ < DIRECT LOAD

20 -~6%..
E~ ~~~~0.~ OSMOOTH
1200 F
, .........

o, !'-
0
0 20 40 60
MEAN STRESS KSI
80 100

FIG. 3.051 STRESS RANGE DIAGRAM FOR BAR AT 900 AND

~r<O.OOl
NOTCHED, K"-11
' 1100 F (7, p.S455)
10
8
100
-........... 1--..
'' .h
80

60 0
......... r-........
-......._ --c
-~ ~
40
RUPTU E
_j
--- 1100F ~
0.1 10 100 1000
TIME HR

FIG. 3,044 CREEP RUPI'URE CURVES FOR SMOOTH AND NOTCHED DAR AT
1000 TO 120<.1 F (2, p, ~~~)

1900 F, I , OQ 1900 F, I HR. OQ Fe12Cr1Mo-IW0.8Ni0.25 V

160 + 850 F, 2 HR_-t-++ 1000 F, 2 HR_+--If---.j-'1900 F, I HR,
47 RC 47 RC 0Q + 1200 F.
I / 2 HR. 32 RC
SHORT TIME/ 10 HR /
120 TENSILE IOO_H+---+---. Lif-+---+---1---l

E
40

0
0. 004 0.00~

FIG. 3,045 ISOCHRONOUS STRESS STRAIN CURVES AT 80a TO 1200 F FOR

'( ~ VARIOUS TEMPERS (3)
.....,
CODE 1403
FeM
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

Fc-l~Cr-lMo-1 \\1-u. a Ni-l. :L:i'.l

Fe
32
12 Cr E

~
c
Mo t-- r---..,
I w v; 28
E ..........
~
0.8 Ni "'
0
0
~TATIC
~
0.25V 24

TYPE422
0 (11)
(3)(8) ~
20
4 (6) ['-.
0 200 400 1>00 800 1000 1200
TEMP- F

FIG. 3.061 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT ROOM AND ELEVATED

TEMPERATURES (~)(~. p.2082IC)(8, p.39)(11)

Fe-12Cr-1Mo-1WO. 8Ni-O. 25V

---
12

G
~ ~"...
...........

8
1'-
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMP- F

FIG. 3.062 MODULUS OF RIGIDITY AT ROOM ANIJ ELEV,\'IE ll REFERENCES

TEMi'cRATURES (;;)
I AMS 5635, Uan. 15, 1959)
J. Brown, W. F., Jr., jones, M. H. and Newman, D. P.,
"lnOuonce of Sharp Notches on :he StresRupture Char-
acteristics o! Heat-Resisting Alloys: Part II", AS'JM Proc.,
Vo'. 53, p.66S, (1953)
Fe12Cr-1MoIWO. 8NiO 25V 3 Crucible S!e<!l Co. of America, "Curclble 422 Stainless
160 SHEBT S:eel", Data S~cct, Rev. No. 3, (Aug. 1958)
1900F, JSMIN, OQ+IOOOF, Universal Slccl Corp., "High Temperature Metals'',
1/2 1 HR Properties and Processing Data, p.19, (1958)
TO 5 Zcr.~der, A., Rush, I. A. and Freeman, J. W., "High
120 000-4-'l~"""'~T'-:=-:;---t-~~
11-'R Temperature Properties of Four Low-Alloy Steels Cor Jet-
Engine Turbine Wheels", WADC TR 53-277, Part 1, p.62,
(Nov. 1~53)
v; 6 Kanus, J. R., Preston, J. 8. and Lessley, H. L., South-
"' 80 ern Research lnstitu!e, Wright Air DcvelopmL'Dt Center,
W...!>C TR 58-365, ASTIA Doc. No. 206075, (Nov. 1958)
7 Vitovcc, F. H. and Lazan, 8. J., "Fatigue, CrL-cp snd
Rupture Properties o! Hea~ Resistant Materials", WADC
TR 56-181, (Au;!. 1956)
40
TJ1c Carp:::ulcr Stt.-cl Co., "Carp~nt:cr High Temperature
Alloys", (Jan. 1962)
9 Chaocc Vought Corp., "Mechanical Properties ol Some
0 Engineering Materials - Unpublished Data from Company
0 8 16 24 32 Sponsored Programs", Fourth Quarterly Rep., Vol. I,
TANGENT MODULtJS - 1000 Klll Phase I, (Dec. 1, 1961 to Feb. 28, 1962)
Brothers, A. J. and Yukawa, S., 'The Effect of War01
FIG. 3.0~4 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES II' Prestressing on Notch Fracture Stre"'tlh", ASME, J. of
COMPRESSION FOR SHEET AT Basic Engineering, Paper No. 62-ML-t-1, (May 14, 1962)
ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPER 11 Cru:ilole S~eel Co. o~ America, "Crucil'le t:l2 Stainless
ATUR FS (6, I' 201>) Steel'', Data S~oct, Rev. No. 4, Uune 1959)
 FeM
REViSED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

l. GENERAL between 700 and 1100 F. Double temper. 1175 F, 1 hr per

1l>is alloy Is a modification of type 410 with Increased inch, 2 hr minimum (252 to 295 BHN), (7, p. 53). Sand Fe
c.tinp:s, 1100 F, l br minimum, air cool following nor
chrorniwn and carbon co01tent and an addition of about
2 percent nickel. It is on the borderline of a heat treat- malizlng (AMS 5372). Investment castings, 1100 F, 2 to 4 0.2 c
able stainless and,duc to the rather broad composition llm- hr, following norh1alizlng (AMS 5353), (2).
16 Cr
lts,may require special considerations regarding heat treat-
ment, (sec 1. 09). It Is normally used at temperatures up 1.06 Hardcnability 2 Ni
to 900 P where moderate strength is required and provides 1.061 The steel is air hardening in thin sections. Oil quenching ,__ _ _ _ _..J
corrosion resistance superior to other hardcnable chro- is required in large sections.
miwn stainless grades. Its main applications arc in air- Casting. AMS 5353 specifics 38 to 49 RC, (2). 431
craft fittings, marine fittings, pump shafts and valve parts, Bars and forgings. AMS 5628 B specifics 4U RC minimum
(1, p.3,4)(8) (II, p.l)(l7). In I Inch sections after 1790 to 1810 F, 25 rr.lnutcs minimum,
oil quench, (2).
1.01 Maximum attainable hardness varies with composition
limits from 375 to 444 BHN, (11, p. 2).
Alternate Designations: Type 431; SAE 51431 (wrought) 1 1.062 Effect or tempering temperature on hardness of investment
I. 02
SAE 60442 (cast); ACI Ci130 (cast}; ASTM A2~6-49T, castings, Fig. 1. 062.
55, 60T (cast)-
1.07 Forms and Conditions Available
1.03 Spe_~icatlons. Table I. 03. 1.071 TI1c alloy is i!Vailablc in bars, rods, plates, forgings and
castings, (13).
TABLE I 03
1. 08 Melting and Castl!!j1 Practice
AMS form Militarv
Electric furnace air melt (prt.mc-.rHy), induction vacuum
562M 8 Bar, forgings and forging stock melt and conswnablc cll.-ctrOOc vacuum melt, (12, p. 5).
5353 lnvcsuncnt castings MILS-18732
5372 Sand castings J. 0~ ~-cial Considerations
TI1c composition of this stcc:l is such that dilficulties arc
sometimes cncountcrt.od in chtaining the cxpc.."Ctt.'<i mcchani-
1.04 Composition. Table 1. 04.
cal properties. TI1c high chromiwn content tends to keep
the structure (crritic during amncnitizing. TI1is tendency

TABLE I 04
Alloy Casting inst. Haynes (I 0, p. 19)
Source AMS(2) AISI (12, p. 46)
191
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
Carbon 0.12 0.17 0.08 0.15 0.12 0.20 - 0.20 - 0.30 0.06 0.12
Chromiwn 15.5 17.0 15.0 17.0 14.5 17.0 15.0 17.0 18.0 22.0 15.0 17.0
Copper - - - - 0.50 - -
Man~,.rancsc 0.30 0.80 - 1.00 1.00 1.00 - 1.00 1.00
Molybdenum - - - - 0.50 - - - -
Nickel !.50 2.50 1.50 2.20 I. 50 2.50 1. 25 2.50 - 2.00 !.50 2. 25
Silicon 0.20 0.60 - 1.00 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00
Phosphorus - 0.040 - 0.040 0.040 - 0.040 - 0.040 - 0.040
Sulfur - 0.030 - 0.040 0.040 - 0.030 0.040 - 0.030
Nitrogen - - n.oJ 0.12 - - - - -
Ca rhon +Nitrogen -
Balance
- - Balance0.2l Balance
- -
Balance
-
Balance &lance
Iron

I. L:; 1-!cat Treatment
I. 051 Amlcal. FUif3rmcal is impract ic.al because of the Jon~~
cooling time re<1uind.
Semi-anneal for bars and forr.ings, JS(X) to J(lOO F, 30 min,
air cool. Hchcat to 1250 F, 4 hr minimum, air cool, (7).
Scmi-annc.tl for Ci.tstinJ~S, 1450 F, minimum furnace cool
lo 1000 F, air cool, (9, p.l).
I. 052 Normalilc for castings.
AMS 5372 (sand cast) specifics 1800 to 1850 F, I hr per
inch of Hl'Ction, 30 min millimum, air cool.
AMS 5353 (invcslmcnt) specifics 1850 to 1900 F, I hr per
iuch of HL'Clion, 30 min minimum, air cool and -90 F, I hr
minimum, (2).
1.053 Stress relief. 1200 F, air cool, (3, p. 40).
I. 054 Austcnilizc. IHOU to 1950 F, 15 lo 30 min. oil quench or
air cool depending on si ... c. Depending on composition il
may be nL-cessary to follow qucn..::hing by slowly cooling to
-90 F and holding 2 hr,sn as to minimize rcr.ained ausleJ,Hc,
(7, p. 53) (II, p. I).
I. 0541 Preheat. For large partt~ or lhose already hardened pre-
hear before austcnilhing. Ileal slowly fro;n 1000 to 1450 r~
so..1k at 1450 F, I hr ami raise to :austcnltlzing tempcrarurc,
(7, p. 54).
1. (1542 Effccl of austcnilidng tcmpcnuure on the roN11 Lcmpcra-
ture tensile propcnies of s-quenched h.1r, Fig. 1.0~42.
1.055 Temper. To avoid emhril11ement do nnl temper in range
is overcome by the addition of nickel which tends to pro-
mote austenite formation. Jlowcvcr, the composition
limits arc rather broad and signilicanr variations 111 re-
sponse to heat treatment and mechanical properties can
he cxpccwd within the normal ranges of chcmifnry. If the
chromium is hi~h and the nickel low the quenched steel
may cont"'1in ferrite and not dL~clop full strength. lf the
chromiwn is low and the nickel high, rctainl'd austenite
may be a problem and sub-cooling aftcrqucnchingwtll he
required. ln tmch cases it is not rccommL~dt.od to woucr
quL-nch, rather than rcfrigcr.1tc, .1H cracking may be en-
countered. Carbon contents on the high side tend to in-
crease tensile Htrcngth but lower lhe corrosion rcsiRtance.
C;:u;tings arc available in mar'! than one range of c.1rbon
contents. Stress relief or lcmpcrinJ.t in the range between
700 to 1100 F is not rccommendt.od since cmhrittJcmcnt in
this range may he encountered, (17).
).(J<JI llydrogcn emhr1ttlcmcnt may he a problem with this s1eel
al high hardness and strength lcvelli. Susceptibility of
0.06 inch diameter wire to t.mhrittlcment iiS a func1ion of
pickling lime in 7 pcrcenl IICI, Fig. I. 091.
2. I'IIYSICAL AND CIIEMICAL I'ROI'I!RTIES
2.01 111cnnal Propcr1ieti
2.011 Mcltingr~;~g;;:-TbO!t lo 2700 F, (4, p. 18).

CODE 1404
reM
FERROUS ALLOYS REV! SED MARCH 1963

2.012 Phase changes, (15), 3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures

Fe A
1
=1500 F Ar 1 = 80 F 3.031 Short time tension properties
Acc3 =130 F Ar3 = 500 F
0.2 c 2.013
u
Thermal conductivity. 11.7 Btu ft per (hr sq ft F) at ~IJO F,
3.0311 Effect of test temperature on tensile propertles of bar,
Fig. 3. 0311.
16 Cr (11, p.3). 3.032 Short time properties otber tllan tensloo
2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2. 014.
2 Ni 2.015 Specific heat, 32 to 212 F, 0.11 Btu per (lb F), (4, p.18). 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
3.041 Creep and creep rupture curves at 900 to 1200 F,
Other Physical Properties Fig. 3.041.
431 2.02
2.021 Density. 0.281bperculn. 7.74grpercucm, (4, p.18).
2.022 Electrical resistivity. 28.35 microhm-In at room temper- 3.05 Fatigue Propenles
ature, (11, p. 3).
2.023 Magnetic properties. The alloy Is ferromagnetic, (4, p.l8). 3.06 Elastic Properties
a:o61 Modulus ~i elasticity in tension at room temperature.
Chemical Properties 29. 0 x 10 ksl, (11, p. 3).
2.03
.3.062 Modulus of rigidity at room temperature. 10.5 x 103 ksl,
2.031 Corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance or type
431 Is superior to other hardenable chromium stainless (4, p.18).
steels, but generally Inferior to the 18-8 types. However,
for certain applications Involving steam, food products 4. FABRICATION
and salt spray the alloy comparee vecy favorably with
type 18-8 stainless steel, (11, p. 2). 4.01 Forming and Casting .
2.032 Oxidation resistance. Scales at about 1600 F, (8, p. 3). 4.011 General. Forming in the semi-annealed condition Is re
commended. In this condition forming Is similar to 18-8
grades except the work hardening Is less and the ductillr;
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Is lower, (8, p. 2).
3.Q1 Specified Mechanical Properties 4.012 Forging. Starting temperature 2100 to 2250 F maximum,
3.011 AMS specified mechanical properties, Table 3. 011. finishing tilmperature, 1500 F minimum, (12, p. 2). Slow
cooling or stress relief at 1200 F Is recommended, (8, p. 2).
The alloy should not be overheated in order not'to lose
TABLE 3 011 toughness and ductility.
Source AMS(2)
Alloy Fe(O. 2C)-16Cr2Nl 4.02 Machining
Form Bu Forg Sand castings Prec invest 4.0.21 General. Because or the relatively high hardness of the
iniZS castings semi-annealed condition, machinability Is poorer than
Norm+ Harden+ Norm+ Harden other 400 grades but superior to 188 stainless types. Best
Condition HF CF
Tempe em per Tem!JC Temper machinability Is obtained for cold drawn stock. slow feeds,
Thickness - In s 2.75 deep cuts and rigid equipment are recommended. Both
Ftu'
F ,
min- ksl
min -ksi
-
-
-- -- -
-
180*
140*
-
170*
-
130*
carbide and high speed tools may be used with sulphurized
cutting oils, (13).
e fY4D) min-percent - - - - 8* -
2*
4.03 Welding
Hardness,
RC - min -- - - - 38* 24 as Welding Is only recommended for pans used at elevated

BHN
-- max
min
- -
229 229 229 255
- -
34
-
49**
- -
temperatures. Weld~ show grain growth which causes em-
brlttiement at room temperature. Carbon arc or oxyacety-
- max 277 285 277 311 - - lene methods should not be used since they cause carbon-
Test specimen pick-up and consequently reduce corrosion resistance "nd
Castings and test specimen ductility. For metal arc or inert gas arc welding 11lr.,e
coated type 431 electrodes may be used. In cases where
high weld stresses are expected 188 electrodes are re-
3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature cc.mmended. Resistance welding Is readily accomplished,
Z 021 Typical mechanical properties for bar, wire, sand cas:- (9, p. 2) (11, p. 2).
ings and precision castings, Table 3. 021. 4.031 Preheating befCire fusion welding Is necessary, 300 to
400 F for wrought products and 600 to BOO F for castings.
TABLE 3 021 Stress relief after welding at 1200 F minimum Is essen-
Source 12, r.46 13 1(10, p, 20,21 tial. For Improved weld ductility a semi-anneal may be
Allov Fe-(0. 2C)-16Cr1Nl employed, (9, p. 2) (13, p. 2).
Sand
Form Bar Wire Prec cast Cast
cast 4. 04 Heating and Heat Treating. See 1.05.
Condition
Ann Soft Hardened
As cast
Ann Ann Ann
ficoem per LD HD 4. 05 Surface Treating
Thickness - in All 1 0.250 4.051 For scale removal pickle In a bath of 20 percent by weight
Ftu
Fty
--ksl
ksl
125 130
95 110
135
115
75 120 180 140
so 90 130 100 85
109 hydrochloric acid at 120 to 140 F or in hot sc.lution of
10 percent sulphuric acid and 6 to I2 percent rock salt by
e (21n) - percent 20 15 10 5 15 10 15 3 weight. Rinsing In a warm solution of 15 to 30 percent nl
RA -percent 55 35 so -20 15 30 I trlc acid by weight and wash in water, (13, 2). See 1.091.
Hardness
BHN
RC
260 270
24 26
-
29 - 26- 42- 30- 46,5
170 -
3.022 Eflcct of size on room temperature tensile properties of
bar, Fig. 3. 022.
3.023 Effect of tempering temperature on room temperature
tensile strength of bar, Fig. 3. 023.
3.024 Effect of tempering temperature on tensile properties of
investment castinv~. Fig. 3. 024.
3.025 Effect of te."llpt-., '';!'f !'oruperaturc on room temperature
impact str~i:;-:~~t .:~ ~...~ ,., Fig. 3. 025.

CODE 1404
 FeM
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

~..-.

240
E'e-(0. 2C)-16Cr-2NI 10 Fe(0.2C)-16Cr-2Ni Fe
~AR t:. 0.2 c
/ a:
200 !e 8 16 Cr

~~
u; t: MEAN COEF LINEAR
2 Ni
::.:
160
v
FTY
a:
IE
t: 6
THERMAL EXPANS/
~ v 431
~ '9~
FROM RT TO TEMP
120 4
I INDICATED
80 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000

...
!z
~40
a:
Ill
"'
RA

e
- FIG. 2.014
TEMP F
THERMAL EXPANSION (4, p.IS)

0
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
AUSTBNITIZING TEMP - E'
FIG. 1.0542 EFFECT OF AUSTENITIZING TEMP-
ERATURE ON TJ-IE ROOM TEMPERATURE
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ASQUENCHED
BAR
(15)

Ill
~ 60 Fe-(0. ZC)-!'6Cr-2NI
1;l
u
:--- f-._

\\

INVEST CAST
HARDEN 1825 F, I HR, RAC
400 800 1200 !bOO
TEMPERING TEMP - F 280
FIG. 1.062 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA
TURE ON HARDNESS OF INVEST-
MEN! CASTINGS (IO, p. 21 )

300
- Fc-(0. 2C)-!6Cr-2Ni

~ !'( ~
OANN ~ tOI---4---~.....:......:.....:....+--~-~
A HARDEN
~HARDEN +CW
"
~ e AS TEMPERED
0 A 1/2 HR EXPOSURE 700 F
0 20 40 60
O 400 HR EXPOSUR 70n F
PICKLING TIME- MIN (AT I 50 F)
2. 5 3. 0 3. 5 4. 0 4. 5
FIG. 1.091 SUSCEPTIBILITY OF 0.0~ IN UAR DIAMETER IN
DIAMETER WIRE TO EMIIRIT-
TLEMENT AS A E'UNCTION OF FIG. :1.022 EFFECT OF SIZE ON ROOM 'oEMPER
PICKLING TIME IN 7% HCi AT!JRE TENSILE PROPERTH;S OF BAR
(14, p.429) (16)
FeM
FERROUS ALLOYS, REVISED MARCH 1963

Fe Fe-(0. 2C)-16Cr-2NI.
11NBAR 240
0.2 c
16 Cr
2 Ni 'c ....-< 200 200t---l--
u

' ~
431
... FTU

200 I

160
~~ 120
r<
~
~
~
PTY
~
120 - 80

::
0

80
~~
e (1S), 1800 F, (lQ
0 (12)}
6 (H) 1900 F, 0Q
40
80
.-.::.
,... RA

~ ~~
..- TEMPERING TEMP - F
e (2 IN) FIG. 3.024 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA-
0 TURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
0 400 800 1200 1600 INVESTMENT CASTINGS
TEMPERING TEMP - F (10, p.19, 21)
FIG. 3.023 EFFECT OF TEMPERL~G TEMPERA-
TURE ON ROOM TEMPERATURE TEN-
SILE STRENGTH OF EAR
(12, p.19)(14, p.414) (1S)

!00
Fe-{0. ~C)-16Cr-2NI
1800 F, 0Q
+TBMl'ER

~~t---,_---r-~~---;
..:I
IEIZODV
t:

0
o~-~400~--~800~-~1200~--~~~600
TEMPERING TEMP - F
FIG. 3.025 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
ON ROOM TEMPERATURE IMPACT
STRENGTii OF EAR
(1S)

CODF. 14041
 FeM
REVISEDMARCHI963 FERROUS ALLOYS
. '
'\..,,}
r-----~----~-----r-----,200 REFERENCES
Fe-(0. 2C)-16Cr-2Nl Fe
5/8 IN SQ BAR I
1800 F, 30 MIN, 0Q
Dieter, G. E., "Effect of Microstructure and Heat Treat-
ment on the Mechanical Propenles of AJSI Type 431 Stain- 0.2 c
less Steel", ASM Trans. Vo!. 50, Preprlnt No. 18, (Nov. 16 Cr
10, 1957)
2 AMS 5628 B, (1953); AMS 5353, (1957); AMS 5372, (1955) 2 Ni
3 Mishler, H. w., Monroe, R. E. and Rleppel, P. J.,
"Welding or High-Strength Steels for Aircraft and Missile
Applications", DMIC Rep. 118, (Oct. 12, 1959) 431
4 'So:ne Physical Propenles of Mnrtensltlc Stainless Steels",
DMIC Memo 68, (Sept. 28, 1960)
7 Florentino, R. J., Roach, D. B. and Hall, A. M., "Heat
Treatment or HlghStrength Steels for Airframe Applica-
tions", DMIC Rep. 119, (Nov. 27, 1959)
8 Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp., "J & L Type 431, Stain-
less Steel", Oats Sheet DS-458-8,(July 1958)
9 Alloy Casting Institute, Corrosion Resistance Type CB-30;
Data Sheet 454-75CI, (June 1954)
10 Haynes Stelllte.Co., "Haynes lnvestmentCast Steels",
(April 1958)
11 Crucible Steel Co., "Crucible 431 Stainless Steel", Data
o-- NORMAL NITROGEN Sheet OS 163-5M-11/60, Issue # 4 and "ReziStsl 431 Stain-
e - lllGH N!TROGEN(0.063%) less Steel", Data Sheet OS 163-10M-2/57, Issue Date Aug.
1947, llevlslon # 3, (Sept, 1954)
12 "Stainless and Heat Resisting Steels", Steel Products
Manual, AISI (June 1957)
80 13 Alloy Digest, "AJSI Type 431", FUing Code SS-88, (May,
RA
1959)
!i
Ill 14 ASM Metals Handboolc, Vol. 1, 8th Edition, "Properties
u and Selection or Metals", (1961)
..: 40
Ill 15 Allegheny Ludliun, "Blue Sheet for Allegheny Metal 12-2,
"" e (2 IN) 16-1, Stainless Steel"
16 Republic Aviation, "Compilation of Unpublished Materials
Information", First Quarterly Rep. No. RAC 767-251(357),
0 (July 14, 1961)
0 400 1600
17 Brown, W. F., ]r., Personal Communication, (Oct. 2,
TEMP F
1961)
FIG. 3. 0311 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR
(13)

60 Fe-(0. 2C)-1 Cr-2NI

OQ+TEMPER 1200 F
40~-----4-------+------~

20

~
1100 F
10
8

6
1200 F

foo~----~,~ooo~----~1o~.~ooo~--~~
TIME HR
FIG. 3.041 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES
AT 900 TO 1200 F
(13)
 t- e lVI
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GENERAL !.061 Effect of drawing temperature on hardness of round, Flg.

These 17 percent chromium manensltlc stainless steels !. 061. Fe
!.062 Effect of elevated temperature on room temperature barcd
are produced with various carbon eontents, Type 440 A
contains about 0. 70 percent carbOn, Type 440 B ab;mt ness, Fig. !. 062. High c
0, 85 percent carbon and Type 440 C about 1. 1 percent 1.07 Forms and Conditions Avallable
carbon. Types 440 F are free machining varieties of Type 1.071 The various types are avallable in the full commercial 17 Cr
440 C which contain either sulfur or selenium. All these
1.072
range of sizes for bar, wire and forgings.
Bar and wire are avallable In the annealed or cold drawn
0.5 Mo
steel types are used In the hardened condition where a
combination of high wear and corrosion resistance Is re- condltton and forgings in the annealed or heat treated
quired, Their hardness and wear resrstance Increase with condition. TYPE440A,
Increasing carbon content, while their shock resistance 1.073 Precision lnvestmen, castings are supplied In the as cast,
and ductility decrease. They are available In form of heat treated or sp~eroidlze annealed condition.
BAND C
bor and wire ro,glngs and Type 440 C also as precision
investment castings. 1.08 Melting and Casting Practice. Electric furnace air melt.
Induction and consumable electrode vacuum melts and
1. 01 Commercial Designation. Type 440 A, B, ... and F. remelts are also available, as well as vacuum degassed
material.
1.02 Alternate Designations. None,
1,09 Special Consldemtlons
1.03 Specifications. Table 1. 03, Cmcklng may occur on heating, cooling, pickling or after
1. 091
welding,
!. 03 S!eels are panlcularly subject to decarburizatlon because
TAR!. I' I. 092
AMS IMIIft~
of high carbon content.
T""" Form
5352A 440C Castings, prec. Invest.
5630C 440 c Bar, forgings, forging stock QQ-S-76 2, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
~631 440 A Bar, forgings, forging stock QQ-S-76
~6328 440 F Bar, forgings, forging stocJr: QQ-S-76 2, OJ Thermal Properties , (5, p. 47).
Free machining 2.011 Melting range. Types 440. A and B, 2500 to 27 50 F.
Type 440 C, 2500 to 2700 F,
2. 012 Phase changes. Alloy transforms from austenite to
1. 04 Composition. Table I. 04.
ferrite.
2. 013 Thermal conductivity at 212 F. 14.0 Btu ft per (hr sq ft
F).
TABLE 1 04
2, 014 Thermal expansion from 32 to 212 F. 5. 6x!o-6 In per In
AlSI AMS (4) perF, (7. p. 90j.
Source AMS (3) (5, p.47) AMS (1)(2) (b) 2. 015 Specific heat. 0. 11 nru per lb F , (7, p. 90).
Type 440 A 4408 440 c 440 F
Pe cent Per,ent Perc nt Per ent 2.02 Other Physical Properties , (5, p. 47)(7, p. 90).
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max 2.021 Density. 0. 28 lb per cu ln. 7, 7 5 gr per cu em.
Carbon 0. 60 0.75 o. 75 0,95 0.95 1.20 0.95 1.20 2.022 Electrical raslstivlty, 23,6 mlcrolun-in.
Manganese .. 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00 -- 1.25 2,023 Magnetic properties, Ferromagnetic.

-- --
Silicon 1. 00 1.00 - 1.00 1.00
Phosphorus
-
0.040 0.040 -- 0,040 - 0.040 2.03 Chern leal Properties
eulfur
hromlum
0.030 - 0.030
16.00 8.00 16.00 8.00 16.00 18.00
0.030 0.05 0.15
16.00 18.00
2, 031 Corrosion resistance of these steels is slmUar to that of
Type 410. It Is best in the fully hardened condition with
Nickel - 0. 75 -- - - o. 75 - 0.75 a polished surface,

-- -
Molybdenum o. 75 o. 75 o. 35(a) o. 75(8) 0.40 0.60 2.032 Oxidation resistance Is good up to i400 F for continuous
Copper
Iron Balance
-
Balance
- -
&lance
- - 0.50
Balance
service and up to 1500 F for intermittent service.

(a) AMS 5630 gl>e 0. 40 to 0. 60 2. 04 Nuclear Properties. See Type 410,

(b) Alternate corpposltlon, SuUur 0. 030 max and Selenium 0. 10 to 0. 20

3, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
1.05 !ieat Trcaonent , (5, p. 47).
1. 051 Full 3JU1eal 3. 01 Specified Mechanical Properties
1.0511 Blr, wire and forgings. 1550 to 1650 F, furnace cool, 3.011 AMS specified mechanical properties, Table 3, 011. See
1.0512 Precision investment castings, 1625 to 167 5 F, 1 lu:, also!. 06.
minimum, furnace cool at 25 F per hr maximum to 1200 F
maximum. TABLB 3 011
l.U5~ Subcritlcal anneal. 1250 to 1450 F. Source AMS(.l) AMS (2) AMS (4) AMSfl)
1,053 Spheroldlzlng anneal for best machinability of precision
Investment castings, 1875 F, I hr, air cool; 1350 F,
32 hr.
Alloy
Type
440 A I Type
440C I Type
440F
Type
440C
Prec. Invest
1,054 Stress relief after forging Type 440 C. 12u0 F. !Form Bar Castings
1.055 Austenltlze. 1850 to 1950 F, rapid air cool or all quench. ~ondltlon Machinable Ann
Heavy s~ctions of Type 440 A should be preheated at
1200 F. Types 440 B and 440 C should be preheated' at ~ardness

1.056
1450 to 1500 F.
Temper, 300 to 800 F, prcferabl) 400 to 500 F. EUcct
of tempering temperature on hardness, Fig. I. 056.
BHN, max
RC, max
241
- I 255
- I 286
- -
30

3,02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature

1.06 Hardenablllty. These steels arc air hardening. AMS 3,021 Typical mechanical ropertics of bor and wu, Table
require thqt material up to 0. 375 in thickness, and 3.021.
0. 375 in specimens from thicker material, austenltlzed
at 1865 to 1885 F, 25 min, air cooled, have a minimum
hardness as follows: AlviS 5352, 5630 and 5632, 58 RC. 3.03 ~echanlcal ProJ~rties at Various Tempt'~
AMS 5631, 55 RC. 3. 031 Short time tension properties

CODE 1405
FeM
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

TABLE 3 021
Fe (5, 11. 19, 47-49)(7, p. 86, 88, 911).
Source
Tv1le 440 A Tvoe 440 8 Tvoe 440 c
Ulov
High C !Form Bar Wire Bar Wire Bar Wire
Soft Ann+ Soft
17 Cr Ann+ Soft Ann+
CD Temp Ann empe Ann CD Temp Ann Tempe
Condition Ann CD Temp Ann Tempe Ann
0.5 Mo 1 0 250 All 1 0 25 All I o. 250
IThlckness-ln All
120 280 107 115 110 125 285 110 125
Ftu -Jcsl 105 115 260 105 115 107
62 95 270 62 90 65 100 275 65 100
60 90 240 60 85
TYPE44 0A, F -Jcsl
7 2 13 6
BAND C
Cz
e In) -percent 20 12
20
5
20
18
55
10
35
18
35
9
20
3
15
16
40
8
25
14
25 20 10 30 20
RA -percent 45
Hardness
-- -- 220 250 - 555 -- - 230 260 580 -- -
BHN
RC
215
-95
240
-
510
51 -96 23
- -
- 55 24
- -
57 24
-
RB 99 - 95 99 96 99 97 97

1900 F, OQ + 600 F

3. 0311 Effect of elevated temperature on tensile properties or

alloy, Fig. 3.0311.
3, 032 Short time properties other than tension

3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties

3,05 Fatigue Properties

3.06 Elastic Properties

3, 061 Modulus of elasticity. 29, 000 ksl, (5, p. 47).

4. F ABRICATlON

4.01 Forming IUld casting

4.011 Forging. Starting temperature 2100 F maximum for
Type 440 A and B, and 2050 F maximum for Type 440 C,
finishing temperature 1700 F minimum. Heating time Is
about twice that for carbon steels. Preheating at 1400 to
1500 F Is recommende d. Furnace cool after forging to
1200 F or cool under insulating cover. Alternatively ,
stress relieve Type 440 C by placing, after forging, In
furnace held at 1200 F.

4.02 Machining. These alloys are difficult to machine.

Machining is generally performed In the fully annealed
condition for bar and forgings, and In the sphereodlzed
condition for castings. Their machinability rating Is
about 40 percent of that of mild steel.

4,03 Welding. For fusion welding these alloys, electrodes of

similar compostlon can be used. If a softer weld can be
tolerated, austenitic stainless steel electrodes, Types
309 or 3i0, ciUl be used. Preheat at 450 F IUld posthcat at
1300 F, air cool.

4,04 Heating and Heat Treating. S'!e Type 410 also.

4.041 Neutm1 atmospheres or salt baths should be used for
heating and heat treating this steel because of high carbon
content and correspondingly a high tendency of dccarburl- I Fe-(High C)-17 Cr-0. 5Mo
zatlon.

~~
~ Ia.. =
Surface Treating. .A
4.05
4.051 Pickling Is performed as follows. .... ~ ~
4,0511 8 to 12 percent H2so 4 at 150 to 170 F.
6 to 10 per~ent HCI + 10 percent H2 so4 at 130 to 140 F.
r:::--.. r\

\
\
4. 0512
4, 0513 10 percent HN03 +2 percent HF at 120 to 130 F.
4.052 The material should be aMealed or stress relieved to
prevent cmcklng on pickling (Timken, 1959).
Cleaning by sand blasting or mechanical scale braking of

\
4,053 eTYPE 440 A
heavy scale Is recommende d prior to pickling to avoid
Q'IYPE 440 B
localized overpickllng .
& TYPE 4!40 C
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TBMPBRING TEMP - F

FIG. I. 056 EFFECT OF TBMPBRING TEMPBRATIJRE ON HARDNBSS

(6)
 FeM
REV I SED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
"\;..
-i
62 7 e(iiigh Cl-17Cr J. SMo Fe
liN ROUND
19IJO F, 0Q +DRAWN, I HR High C
Ul 120
.J sa 17 Cr
<
u
"'u 0.5 Mo
"'
\a 54
80
TYPE 440A,
z ;;;
c..: :.:: BAND C
~
...:1 40
.J so
Ul
~
:.::
B
..: 44 0
(l 4:lC 6GQ 800 JOGC
40
DRAWING TEMP F ~
Ul
u
FIG. 1.061 EFFECT OF DP.AWING TEMPERATURE ON a:
HARDNESS OF RO!.iND {7, p. 8691) ...Ul 0
900 1300
TEMP F

FIG. 3.0311 EFFECT OF ELEVAT ED TEMPER

ATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF ALLOY (7, p. 90)

0 Fe{riigh C)I7Cr 0.5Mo

iARDENED 1900 Jo~
+DRAWN SO F, I HR
ABO E TEST 1iEMP
0

REFEREN CES
~- t--
0
r--- I
2
AMS 5352 A, (Dec. I, 1953)
AMS 5630 C, (Dec. 1, 1953)

"'
3 AMS 563i, (Nov. I, 1952)
p.. 4 AMS 5632 !', Uuly I, 1957)
0
1200
5 American Iron and Steel Institute, "Stainles s and Heat
!050 1100 1150
1000 Resisting Steels", Steel Products Manual, Uune, 1957)
TEMP F Universa l-Cyclops Steel Corp., "S1ainlcss Stech, Tool
)
Steels, Specialty Steels", Data Sheet 2M7'51, (Dcc.l951
FIG. !.062 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPER ATURE
ON 7 The Carpente r Steel Co., "Carpent er Stainless and Hent
ROOM TEMPER ATURE HARDNESS Resisting Steels - Selection , Descripti on, Fabrication",
(7, p.9G: Working Data, (1962)

CODE 1~05
 REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
......,
L GENERAL TAB_LE 2.022 Fe
This martensltic steel is a development of the 12 percent Source (2, p. 7)(3, p. A-22)
chro!"lum stainless steels, Types 410 and 420. It has the Tempering Resistivity 12 Cr
corrosion resistance of these steels, combined with a Temp- F Microhm -In
strength of about 240 ksl up to 600 F and It retains a high
700 24.4 Mo
strength up to 900 F. 1t Is available primarily In the form 24.0
of sheet and plate. Its fabrication Is similar to that of
800
900 23..7
0.65 Ni
Type 420.
0.3 v
TABLE 2 023
1.01 Commercial Designation. USS-12MoV.
Source _l2 .Jl.. 7}(3 __11, A-221
Tempering Temp - F
1.02 Alternate Designations. None.
Magnetic
Permeability 1oo 1 8oo .I 9oo uss-
1.03

1. 04
Specifications. None.

Composition. Table l. 04.

At 100 oersteds
Maximum
85
85 I 75
92 I 93
100
12 MoV

2. 031 Corrosion resistance

TABLE 1 04 Oxidation resistance
2. 032
Source U. S. Steel 1)
Percent 2.04 Nuclear Properties
Min Max
carbon 0.20 0.27
Manganese
Sillcon
-- 1.00
1.00
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Phosphorus - 0.035 3.01 Specified Mechanical Properties

Sullur
Chromium u.s
- 0.030
13.0 3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature. See also
Niclcel 0.50 1.00 3. 03.
Molybdenum 0.90 1.10 3.0~1 Effect o! exposure to elevated temperatures with load on
Vanadium 0.25 0.35 tensile properties of sheet tempered at various
Iron Balance temperatures, Table 3. 021.
TABLE 3 021
1. 05 Heat Treatment. Similar to Types 410 and 420, except Source (2,~13,1~
for the following , (2, p. 3, 8). Form 0. 050 In Sheet
1.051 Austenitize. 1825 to 187 5 F, 15 min, alr cool. Condition 1850 F, AC +Temper, 4hr
I. 052 Temper. 700 to 900 F, 4 hr. In this range of tempering Tempering 1500 hr Exposure at Room Temperature Properties
temperatures, approximately dte same strengdt at room T!!mP Temp Load aiter Exposure
temperature, F tu = 240 ksi, is obtained. For service at F F ksl Fw F e (2 In)
temperatures above 800 F tempering at 900 F or higher ksl ~ I percent
Is recommended. Effect of tempering temperature on 700 RT 0 251.4 197.6 9.0
tenslle properties of sheet, Fig. I. 052. 600 0 251.6 204.7 9.5
600 83 256.0 209_2 10.0
1. 06 Hardenablllct. Alloy is air hardening, (2, p. 3). 700 0 259.1 214.0 9.0
70D- 79 258.2 221.1 10.5
1. 07 Forms and Conditions Available , (:i, p. 3).
800 RT 0 252.~ 204.0 9.0
1. 071 Sheet and pla'te are available in the full range ol sizes for
700 0 255.0 205.2 9.0
stainless steels.
700 84 263.5 215.8 11.5
1.072 Strip, bar, wire and extrusions can be supplied on special
800 0 236.4 169.9 4.0
order.
800 84 213.5 174.1 6.0
1.073 The various !orn1s are available in the annealed condition.
900 RT 0 252.7 205.1 10.5
1. 08 Melting and Casting Practice. Electric furnace air melt. 800 0 191.2 159.4 7.0
Induction and consumable electrode vacuum melts arc also 800 84 191.5 161.9 7.0
available, as well as vacuum degassed material. 900 0 193.6 171.2 2.0
900 84 185.5 166.0 2.0
1. 09 Special Considerations. Sec Types 410 and 420. 500 hr exposure
This material Is susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking 3. 03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures
when stressed and simultaneously exposed to some corro- 3. 031 Short time tension properties
sive environment, (6, p.l). 3. 0311 Stress strain curves for sheet at various tempering
and test temperatures, Fig. 3. 0311.
3.0312 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties of heat
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES treated sheet, Fig. 3. 0312.
3. 032 Short time properties other than tension
2.0! Thermal Properties 3. 0321 Stress strain curves in compression for sheet at various
2.011 Melting range. tempering and test temperatures, Fig. 3.032!.
2.012 Phase changes. Transformation temperatures from 3. 0322 Eficct of test tcmperarure on compressive yield strength
austenite to ferrite, Act= !525 F and Ac 3 = !640 F. ol heat treated sheet, Fig. 3. 0322.
2.013 Thermal conductivity.
3. 033 Static stress concentration effects
2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2. 014. Bffc~;t of tempering temperature on notch strength of
3.0331
2.0!5 Specific heat.
sheet, Fig. 3. 0331.
2.02 Other Physical Properties, (2, p. 7)(3, p. A 22). 3. 04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
2.021 Density. 0. 279 lb per cu in, 7. 75 gr per cu em. 3.041 Creep rupture curves for heat treated sheet at 700 to
2.022 Electrical reslstiv lty, Table 2. 022. 900 F, Fig. 3. 041.
2.023 Magnetic properties. Ferromagnetic. Magnetic
permeability, Table 2. 023. 3. 05 Fatigue Properties
3. 051 Fatigue strength of sheet at room temperature and 900 F,
2.03 Chemical Properties Tab:c 3. 051.

CODE 1406
PAGE
reM
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

TABLE 3. OSI
Fe l~nure" (3, o.A-18 to 21
IFctrm n n~n In sh""'
12 Cr ~ondition 1850 F IS min AC +_Temner 4 hr
I Mo Tempeiin! Test Method Stress Stress Fatigue Strength-lest
Temp !Temp Ratll!_ Concen- at Cycles
0.65 Ni F F A R tration 105 106 107 Sxi!Y
0.3 v 700
900
700 Direct 0. 9 to. OS2 Smooth
RT Stress 0.9 10- OS2 K a I
16S ISO 133 122
16S 1S3 143 (13S)
900 0. 9 lo- OS2
0. 3 lo- 54
-
-
140 116 100

uss - 3.06
900

Blastic Properties
230 15S (102)

12 MoV 3.061 Modulus of elasticity at room and elevated temperatures,

Fig. 3. 061.
3.062 Modulus of rigidity at room and elevated temperatures,
Fig. 3. 062.
3,063 Poisson's ratio at room and elevated temperatures, Fig.
3.063.

4. FABRICATION. Similar to Type 420.

Fe-12 Cr1 Mo-0.65 Ni-0.3 V

280 SHEET
FIG. 3. 0311 STRESS STRAIN CURVES IN TENSION FOR SHEET AT
18SO F, 1S MIN
+TEMPER, 4 HR VARIOUS TEMPERING AND TEST TEMPERATURES
(2, p.t9-23)
~~ l-~
240
... ~

~
Fru
~~
'200
e
f
I\
L} 0. 00 IN, AC
OT (2)
.t. L} 0.063IN, 0< "AATM
160
!:::. T (4)

200 t ,...

~
' 160
~~ ~ TY
i=: '~
"' Fe-12 Cr-1 Mo-0.6S Ni-0.3 V

.--
120
TESTED AT RT 280 I 0.100 IN SHEET
18SO F, 1S MIN, AC
~ 20 +TEMPER, 4 HR
e (21N)
~til "'
h 0.
L.>
.l.l
-
.k..
240
1::_ ..... ,_ ...._
O.Q
200 400 600 800 1000 1200
-r~ ...-~

Fru
....... to- .._.
.......
TEMPERING TEMPF

"
-
200
FIG. 1. OS2 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA11JRE ON TEMPER
;;; \
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET (2, p. 8)(4) :..: +700 F
--A + 800 F
Fe-!2Cr!Mo- 0.6SNlJ.lV 160 _. ---Y + 900 F
200
~ ..._~- ..... ~-
t8SO F, IS MIN, AC

.R
FTY
+900 F, 4 HR
7 -
v
,~
l!'f'EAN COEF LINEAR
THERMAL EXPANSION !:;. 20
160
-'
6

s
FROM R TO TEM1
INDICATF
..........
a:
()
a:
tll
... 0
0
-...
400200
II ..a
..
e (21N)
_L
~

600 800 1000

400 600 8Qo) 10~0 ]21)~ 1400 1600 TEMP- F
fEMP- F FIG. 3. 0312 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF HEAT TREATED SHEET
FIG .7.014 THERMAL EXPANSION (2. p. 7)(S, p. 3S)
(2, p. e, 9)(5, p. 21, 22)

CODE 14061
 FeM
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

\._
Fe-12Cr"!Mo -0. 65NI-O. 3V
Fe-12Cr-1M o-0. 65NIO. 3V
0. 100 IN SHEET
Fe
0. 100 IN SHEET
1850 F, 15 MIN, AC +TEMPER, 4 HR 1850 F, 15 MIN, tC+TEM~R, 4 HR 12. Cr
200
~ ..., ' I Mo
TEMfER ~ 0.65 Ni
160 700 F
0.3 v
240 Fey
eL
OT
e:- uss-
In
:.:
200

160
......
800 F
- 'i,.__~'l 12 MoV

80 240

'
T
~
200
'V "' NN
i2 160
900 F
I h
0 0 400
200 600 800 1000
TEMP-F
FIG. 3. 0322 'EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON
COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH OF
HEAT TREATED SHEET
(2, p.ll, 12)

80

L
40

0 e-12Cr- o-0. 65NI-O. 3V

0. 004 0. 008 0. 063 IN SHEET
1850 F, 15 MIN, 0Q +TEMPER,
FIG. 3.0321 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES IN COMPRESSION FOR SHEET 240
-- - 4HR
AT VARIOUS TEMPERING AND TEST TEMPERATURES
Fro \
(2, p. 27-32) \

~
200

00
160
u; C r< 0.001
:.: I
NOTCH STRENGTH
120

80

1200

FIG. 3. 0331 EFFECT OF TEMPHRING TEMPERATURE

ON NOTCH STRENGTH OF SHEET
(4)

CODE 14061
FeM
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963

I
Pe-12Cr-!Mo-0. 65Nl-O. :lv
0. 050 TO 0. 100 IN SHEET
TBSTJMP
700 p 1850 F, 15 MIN, AC +TEMPER, 4 HR

~--
......... ~
...... ......... ... _ -..........:: 800 F
RUPI'URB
-~o
......
'
TBMPER ' , 900F

'""=- 800~r
--- 900P
9
0 200 400 600 800 1000
TBMP -F
0.1 10 100 1000
TIME- HR PIG. 3. 062 MODULUS OF RIGIDITY AT ROOM AND
ELBVATBD TEMPERATURES (2, p. 7)
PIG. 3. 041 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FO<. HEAT TREATED SHEET
AT 700 'lU 900 F (2, p. 15, 16)

0.4
Fel2Cr-lMo-O. 65Ni-O. 3V
1850 F, 15 MIN, AC
+900 F, 4 HR
..........._

v
0.4
/
........

POISSON"S RATIO
0.3

0.3
/ ----
uu 4:JU 0 BOO 1
TEMP- F

FIG. 3.063 POISSON'S RATIO AT ROOM AND ELEVATED

TEMPERATURES (2, p. 7) .........

30 1----+--
REFERENCES

MacLaren. A. W. ,''P~rsonal Communication", Unttcd Srntes

~28~---4----~----+---~~--~ See! Corporatio,. (June 3. 1959)
Unitt<l States Steel Corporation. ""USS-12MoV- A Stainless Steel
~ 3
for High Speed Aircraft and Mtsstles"". iSept. 1958)
Defense Metals Information Center, Battelle Memorial Institute,
""Mechanical -and Phystcal - Prop<>rty Data on Modtfted 12 Per
Cent Chro:nium Ma rtensltlc ~tainless Sheet Steels for Airframe
Application. DMIC Memo. IS. (Apr. 18. 1959)
4 NACA. (1959)
2' t,--.......,-~-~~--~---....l....---
0 200 400 600 800 1000
5 Johnson, R. E., ""Elevated Temperature Metals for Future
High Speed Vehicles, General Dynamics, Convair Div., Rep.
TEMP- F No. ERR-FW-046, (Mnrch 19b2)
6 Bhatt, H. J. and ~telps, E. H., .,,e Mechanism of Stress-
PIG. 3. 061 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT ROOM AND Corrosion Cracking of USS I2MoV Stainless Steel"", United
ELEVATED TBMPilRATUR.ES States Steel Corp., Applied Research Lab., Tech. Rep. Proj.
(2, p. 7)(5, p. 35) 44.01-034(1), (Aug. 1960)

CODE 14061
 FeM
REVISED MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GBNBRAL 30 minutes, air cool and AMS 56160 specifies 1740 to

Greek Ascoloy Is a chromlum-nlclceltungs ten alloy steel 1760F, 25 minutes minimum, oil quench. Fe
developed for medium blgb temperature appllcatlona, 1. 0531 Hardening. Hardening of the alloy can be accomplished
The addition of tungsten and nlclcel gives the alloy high by heating to I750F, hold to let heat penetrate, then air 13 Cr
temperature properties superior to those normally found cool or oil quench to room temperature. Minimum
In the 400 series stainless steels. It gives satisfactory hardness (as quenched) = 42 RC, nonnal range hardness 3 w
service to temperatures slightly above lOOOF. Greek (as quenched) = 44 to 47 RC, (9).
Ascoloy Is found to be superior to Type 410 stainless In 1.054 Normal tempering range. 900 to 1200F, Maximum 2 Ni
regard to stress ,cracking, when heat treated to Ftu 150 operating temperature is slightly over lOOOF, therefore.
to 200 ksl. This low alloy heat resistant steel has been a temper at 107SF, 2 hours, air cool Is recommended.
used for applications where tempeutures In the lower (Rockwell C hardness = 32 to 38), (9). Double temper. GREEK
ranges are encountered. It has alse found applications 1000 to !2SOF, for heavy sections. ASCOLOY
In jet engines, turbines and turbo super-charger parts. !.055 Scaling and decarturlzatlon of the surface can be reduced
Greek Ascoloy Is available In all wrought forms and as 11 the alloy is heat treated in a controlled atmosphere
precision castings. It Is not as easUy formed as Type furnace, salt bath furnace, or pack hardened.
410 steel and welding Is generally not recommended.
Machining can be done without any ditliculty In the an- 1.06 Hardness
nealed condition. The corrosion resistance Is good up !.061 ~lis air hardened up to a certain thickness. AMS
to about 1500F. 5508A specifies that sections up to 0. 375 In thickness
and 0, 375 In specimens from thicker material shall, when
1.01 Commercial Destsnatlon austenltlzed and air cooled, have a hardness of 42 RC
Greek Ascoloy minimum. AMSS6!6D specifies that sections up to 0,375
In thickness and 0. 375 In specimens from thicker material
1.02 Alternate Designation shall. when austenltlzed and oil quenched (commercial
418 Special. paraffin), have a hardness cf 45 RC minimum.
AMS 51117 specifies that weld del'Oslts approximately
1.03 . SpectficationH 0. 25 Inch thickness on AMS !'~OSA and AMS 56160 steel
1.031 AMS-Speclflcatlons, Table 1. 031. shall be heated to 1790F to lSI OF, 15 to 30 minutes, air
cooled and shall have a harduess of 42 RC minimum. (2)
TABLE I 031 (3).
Form Mllltarv 1.062 Effect of tempering temperature on hardness of alloy, Fig.
AMS
;5354A casting, prec.tnvest. 1.062.
Sheet, strlo, plate 1.063 Effect of tempering temreraNre on typical room tempera-
5508A
j.itllbl: 'Bars orl(lngs M>lng ture hardness of alley, Fig. 1. 063.
5817 Steel wire, welding 1.064 Hardness values for alloy in two conditions, Table 1.064.
TABLE 064
I
Source 5
1.04 Composition llnv Fei3Cr-3W2NI
Table 1.04. Condition Ann Hardened 1800F, OC
+var temo temo-F
TABLE I 04 Hardness,
AMS (2)(3)(10) (5)(7)(9) mln-DHN 131 255
Source AMS ll
max-BHN 212 550
Percent. Percent Pl!rcent
min SORB 2SRC
Min Max Min Max Min Max 55 RC
max 95RB
Carbon 0.12 0.20 0.20
0.15 0.15 0.20
Forms and Conditions Available
Manganese - 1.00 - 0.50 - 0.50 1.07
The alloy Is avaUable In the full range of sizes for all
Silicon - 1.00 - 0.50 - 0.50
1.071
P'nosphorus
Sulfur
-
-
0.040
0.030 -
- 0.040
0.030
-
-
0.030
0.030 1.072
forms.
The alloy Is available In the hot worked or aMealed con-
dition.
Chromium 12.0 14.0 12.0 14.0 12.0 14.0
Nickel I. 80 2.20 1.80 2. 20 1.80 2.20
Melting and Casting Practice
Molybdenum - o.so - 0.50 - 0.50 1.08
1.081 Electric furnace air melt. All types ol vacuum melts,
Tungsten 2.50 3.50 2.50 3.50 2.50 J.SO
as well as vacuum degassed material are also avallabl~.
Aluminum - - - 0.15 - -
Copper
Tin
-
-
0.50
-
-
-
0.50
0.05
-
-Balance -- 1.09 Special Considerations
See Ty_pe 410.
Iron B:Jiunce Balance

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1.05 Heat Treatment
1.051 Full anneal. The alloy shows a sluggish response to 2.01 Thermal Propcnles
annealing. The nickel content stabilizes the austenite and 2.011 Melting range. 2600F to 2700F, (7)(9),
prolongs the transformation on cooling which makes the 2.012 Hlasc changes.
annealing generally Impractical. This alloy transforms from austenite to ferrite on cooling,
!.0511 Softening. 1200 to !300F, with adequate time to temper 2.0121 Tlmctcmpcraturetran sformatJon diagrams
the martensltlc structure~ 2.0122 The alloy consists of ferrite and carbides ln the annealed
1.0512 Homogenize. Soak at 1400 to 14SOF (slightly above condition and bus a martensite strUcture ln Its hardened
critical temperature) lower to lJOOF, 14 hours, then condition, (5),
lower to 1240F, 16 hours and furnace cool to !OSOF, air 2.013 Thermal conductivity
cool, (9). 2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2.014,
1.0513 Subcritlcal anneal. 1290 to IJIOF, air cool. Hardness 2.015 Specific heat. 0, II Btu per lb F, (7),
should be about 270 DHN (AMS 5354). 2.016 Thermal dlffuslvlty
1.052 Stress relief after stroightcntng by rctcmpcrlng at same
temperature as used befo.re. 2.02 Other Thermal Properties
1.053 Austenltlze. 1750 to !900F, air cool or oil quench de 2.02! Density. 0.286!b per cu ln. 7.86 gr per cu em, (5)(9).
pending on section slzc. Preheat heavy sections at 1200 2.022 Elcculcal reslstlvtty at room temperature, 24.3 microhm-
to HOOF. AMS SSOSA spccillcs 1790 to 18!0F, IS to In, (5).

CODE 1407
PAGE
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1966

2.0221 Electrical resistivity, Table 2.0221. 3.0214 Room temperature tensile properties of annealed bsr,
Fe Table 3.0214.
TABLE 2.0221
13 Cr Electrical ResisUvtty
TABLE 3 0214
1 :>ouree 5
3 w TemperlnJt Temp - F
700
Microhm-In
24.3
Allov
Form
Pel3Cr3W'""
Bar
2 Ni 800 23.9 r c-..,n.~,ii~ ~nn
900 23.7
Ftu mlnL:si 75
2.023 Magnetic properties maxksi 110
GREEK 1be alloy Is ferroma!:";:r1c. Magnetic penneabUity, Table
Fry, minksi 40
ASCOLOY 2.023. maxksi
e(2in), minpercen
BO
20
TABLE 2 023 max-percent 25 '
Hardness,
Magnetic l'ermeabUi<y minRB BO
Temoorin2 Temo P at 100 oersteds maximum mAYRR 95
700 85 85
800 75 92 3.022 Compression
900 93 100 3,0221 Stress-strain d!sgrams
3.0222 Effect of tempering temperature on compressive yield
2.024 Emissivity strength, Table 3. 0222.
2.025 O.mplng capacity
TABLE 3 0222
2.03 Cbemical PrORmi1 (8
Source
2.013 Corrosion resistance al this s<ee1 In tile beat treated
conditions is slmllar to tbat of Type 410, Heating at
temperatures between 700F and 1000P reduces corrosion
resistanca.
Tempering
Temp P
Fey, <ypksi
700
!95
II 800
207
I 900
216
2.032 Oxidation resistance Is good for CGI1dnuous service up
to HOOP and for lntennlttent service up to 1300P. 3.023 Impact. See also Pig. 3. 0212.
2,033 Although the alloy is limited to operations of not much 3,0231 Effect of tempering temperature on typical room tempera-
over 1000P, It shows excellent resistsnce to oxidation ture Impact strength of alloy, Pig. 3. 023i.
up to 1500P and h!gb resistance to oxidizing ac!da such 3.024 Bending
as nitric acid, but does not resist dilute rec!ncl:tg ac:J.ds 3,025 Torsion and shear
which Is a characteristic of tbe chromlumnlckel types 3.026 Bearing
of stl!nless stt:-ela. It has superior resistance to sulfur 3.027 Stress concentration
gases up t!l its mtXJ.mum service temperature., (9). 3.0271 Notch properties
3.0272 Fracture tougbDCss
2.04 3,028 Combined properties

3. M!!CHANICAL PROPERTIES 3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures

3.031 Tension
3.01 Specified Mechanical Properties 3.0311 Stress-strain diagrams
3.0ll AMS specified mecban!cal propertir.s, Table 3.0ll. 3,0312 Effect of elevated temperature on tensUe propenJes of
alloy, Pig. 3.0312.
3.0313 Effect of room and elevated temperature on tensile proper
ties ot" bar, forgings and tubing, Pig. 3.0313.
3.032 Compression
TABLE 3 Oil 3.0321 Stress-strain diagrams
Source AMS 2 AMS I 3.033 Impact
Alloy Pe-13Cr-3W2Ni 3.0331 Effect of tempering temperature on Impact strength or
alloy, Pig. 3.0331.
Form Sheet, strip, Bar tublng,flash Castings,
3.034 Bending
plate welded rin.,. nrcc. Invest.
Condition 3.035 Torsion and shear
Ann Subcritlcal ann
. . 3.036 Bearing
f'tu min-ksl 90
maxksl 150 . - 3.037 Stress concentration
F1[' minksi . . 65
3.0371 Notcb properties
c( in), .nln-percent
c(2in), min-percent
-10 -
-
3
-
3.0372
3,038
Fracture tougbnc:ss
Combined properties
llardncss,
BHN, max - 311 . 3. 04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
RC, max - - 36
3.041 Creep rupture curves at 900P to i200F for alloy, Pig.
3,041.
Bars < 2. 75
3. 042 Creep rupture curves at 600P to 1200P for bar, p,g,
3.042.
3,043 Creep rupture curves at 600Pto 1200P for notched bar,
Pig. 3,043.
3.044 Creep rupture properties Cor notched and UMOtched sheet
at iOSOP and 1200P for two different heats, Fig. 3.044.
3.02 Mechanical Proeenfes at Room Temper .:.tJre
3,(15 Fatigue Properties
3,021 Tension
3.0211 Stress-strain diagrams
3.051 Material herdened to Rockwell harc.'ness C 34 to 37 has
3.0212 Effect of ten1perlng temperature on mechanical properties approximately the following fatigue strength at tbe
of bsr, forg!ngs and tubing, Pig. 3.0212.
indicated tempcrarures:
3.0213 Effect of tempering tempcrsture on typical room tempera- RT SO%~ Fw at room temrcrature 1
ture tensile properties al alloy, Pig. 3.0213. 800P 55% of Ptu at BOOP,
IOOOP 55% of l'tu at IOOOP, (5).

CODE 1407
PAGE 2
 FeM
REVISED MARCH 1966 FERROUS ALLOYS

3.06 Blutic Pn>pertfes temperawre ol 120 to 140F, or .In a bot solutlou COiuailnli'Bf---:=--l
3.061 l'olsaou 1a rado about 101\i ol sulfuric acld and 6 to 12\f, of roclc salt by Fe
3.062 Mcxkllus ol elssticlty, Table 3.062. wclght. Mrm: pickling, r.lnae thoroughly and dip .In a
warm aoludoo ol 15 to 30% nlttlc acid by weight, and 13 Cr
wash ID water, (9).
S?arce
TABLE3 062
3 w
Temo- F Modulus of lllasticltv. E- ksl
RT 29,000
2 Ni
1000 21,500
17,000
1100
GREEK
Ill
ASCOLOY
4. FABRICATION ~ FellCr3W2Ni
<
u Al'ST 75!lF ()(lOR AC'
480
4.01 FttmabWty "'2:
4.011

4.012
General. Formlog ol anoealed sheet requires cooslderably
greater forces and more frequeo< ln:ermediDte anoeals
tbso those used for Type 410.
PorgiDg. Preheat to 1450F. Starting temperature 2200F
i5

~ 400
\
maximum, flnlsbiDg temperature 1700F minimum. A
short soaklog dme before forgiDg Ia recommended, (9),
The alloy tellds to crack below 1700F. Heavy secdoos
Q
D:
<
:z:
..J 320
\ BHN

must be preheated at 1200F to 1400F prior to beadog for

forgiDg. Alter forgiDg, parta should be held at 1300F,
~
Ill
i!':i
"'-.......r---
2 to 6 hours, depeodlog oo secdoo size. ForgiDgs should D:
Ill
be cooled slowly ID dry lime, mica dust or bot ashes. 240
SIDce tbe alloy alrhardeos, It should be solteoed through 8'.Y.J 1200 1300
anoeilllog after bot worklog, (9), and prior to macbiDlog,
(see secdon 4.022). TEMPERINC TEMP P

4.02 MachlniDg and GriDdiDg PIG. 1.062 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA

4.021 Macblolog characterladcs are Werlor to those of Type TURI! ON HARDNI.'.SS OF 11\M:).Y
410. Best machlnabUity Ia obtaloed ID tbe fully allDealed 'DependiDg IIJ"lD St:Cilon &I~<' (7 P 17)
condition.
4.022 The machlnabUity rating ol this alloy Ia about 54 percent
that ol AJSI B 1112 Bessemer screw stock. h can be
easier maebiDed tbso Type 18-8 stainless steel, bowew.r,
It exblblts a tendency to gall or build up on the cutting
edges of the tool. Tbla can be avoided by uslllg tools
which are sharply ground to a fiDe finish. Constant
speed and feed should be ma.lntaiDed. The foUowlog tolu-
ances are recommended for turnlog tools ol high speed u
steel: D:
Moderately heavy side rake 8 to 15 degrees,
Drilling. l'oiDt should be 140 degrees,
ThreadiDg. Back rake 10 to 15 degrees.
Cobalt type high speed tools.
CuttiDg speed 85 to 115 s!pm, turning;
35 to 75 afpm, drllllog;
70 to 105 sfpm, mWlng;
20 to 60 sfpm, reamlog;
200 to 400 sfpm, rougbiDg, 0 1750F,} 30 MIN, OQ
fiDishlng. e 1900F, +TEMPER 4 HR
4.023 Sulfurized cuttiDg oil with hi~ speed tools and water - 24
soluble oil v:lth carbide tools are recommended, (9). 900 1000 1100 1200
Hot worked steel should be softened by allDeallog prior TEMPERING TEMP P
to machlniDg, (see secdon 4.012),
Fl'J. 1.063 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA
4.03 ~ TURE ON TYPICAL ROOM TEMPERA-
4.031 Woh,li11t- Is n(Ot ..,nerally recommended, although the TURE HARDNESS OF ALLOY (9)
alloy can IJe welded by various methllds.
4.032 Common methcNs or techniques such as acetylene torch,
electric-arc, spot end rt.,ltitance weldlog can be applied,
The ductility of t.~e welded material Is reduced by tbe
presence of gt'lirJ ~towtb hr.d martensltic snuctun: ln Fel3Cr-3W-2NI
the heataffectd zones, n~ercfo~, the alloy &hould be -(4)
fully annealed atu:r welding. -- (7)
Weldlog by the carbon arc method, forge or hammer
weldiDg Is not recommended, (9).

4.04 Heat Treatment

4.041 Preheating at 1200 tc !'rOOF ls generallr recommended for
heavy or complicated secU.m. 0

4.05 Surface Treatment

(See also Type 410). FIG. 2. 014 1liERM.i. ~EXPANSION
4.051 1be following scale t.=moval procedures are rccom1nendcd:
(4)(5)(7, p. J:?)
Pickle in a bath cf 20% by weight hydrochloric acid at a

CODE 1407
PAGE 3
I ~lll'l

FERROUS ALLO YS REVISEOMARCH 1966

Fe-13 r3W-2NI
Fe Fe-13Cr- 3W- Nl
13 Cr
3 w 200
2 Ni u;
:.:
GREEK 160
ASCOLOY
120

80

~
0 40
..."'
tQ
100

0
100
80
80

~
'z"" 40
t
' 40 "'tJ
..."'"'
0
0
400 900 1000 1100 1200
1400
TEMPERI NG TEMP- P TEMPERI NG TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 0213 EFFECT OF TEMPERI NG TEMPER A-
FIG. 3,0212 BPPBCT OP TEMPBRI~~X; TEMPER ATURE TURE ON TYPICAL ROOM TEMPER A-
ON
MI!CHANICAL PROPBRT IIlS OF BAR, FORGINGS TURE TENSILE PROPERT IES OF
ANDTUB ING (3)(4XSX 7, p.Ja) ALLOY (9)

70
FeI3Cr-3 W2NI

60

so
"'
,.J

"''"" 40

30

20 L...- -L--- '----L --1

900 1000 liOO 1200
TEMPERI NG TEMP - F
FIG. 3. 0231 EFFECT OF TEMPERI NG TEMPER A-
TURE ON TYPICAL ROOM TEMPER A-
TURE IMPACT STRENGT H OF ALLOY
(9)

CODE 1407
PAGE 4
 FERROUS ALLOYS
FeM
REVISED MARCH 1966

120 80
Fe-13Cr-3W-2NI
Fe

80
r---. 1750F, 30 MIN, 0Q
~ 1200F, 2 HR; AC
60
13 Cr
w
~
FTU "'
.:I 3
!-< 2 Ni

_
IL IE !ZOO
40 40

80 r-- ....
RA
- 1750F, OQ; 16 PT- 8,47 RC
50 TO 90 FT-LB
GREEK
ASCOLOY
e(2 IN) 20
900 1100 1200 1300
0
900 1000 1100 1200 TEMPERING TEMP - P

TEMP- F PIG. 3.0331 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERA-

TURE ON IMPACT STRENGTH OF
F!G.3.03!2 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE ALLOY (5)
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ALLOY
80
(9j

10 ~------~-----+~----~
8

6
100 1000 10.000
Tilo.m- HR

FIG. 3.041 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES AT 900F

Fc-13Cr-3W-2Ni TO !20'UF FOR ALLOY (4)

Pe-13Cr-3W-2Nl
BAR
200 ~------+---~~~R~2~HR~~A~C~~10~50~2~~HR;
20 ~
:::>
r; "-'""
0..: 0 100
~- 80
"-'""
0 60

20
~u
a:

~ OL-----~~--~~----~----
0 200 400 t,CC 8GG ~~--~~--~
1000 1200 10
TEMP- F 0.1 10 100 1000
TIME- HR
FIG. 3. 0313 EFFECT OF ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURE FIG. 3.042 CREEP RUPTIJRE CURVES AT 600F
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR. FORGINGS AND TUBING TO !200F FOR BAR (6)(7.p.38)
(3)(4)(5)(7, p. 38)

CODE 1407
PAGE !5
 FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1966

FeI3Cr 3W-2N i
80 -- . . ..... .1 SHEET
' ~ ~~&F~O MIN, OQ
60 -~-:~ 4HR, AC
.. ~!RC=28 I
40 : .... : . . . ~
--~
i 1050F~

~~~+
'
I

20

10 1200F

6
10 iOO 1000
'TIME HR
FIG. 3.044 CREEP RUPTURE PROPERTIES FOR NOTCHI!D REFERENCES
AND UNNOTCHI!D SHEET AT 1050F and 12001'
FOR TWO DIFFER ENT HEATS 1 AMS 5354 A, (Jan. 15, !959)
(9) 2 AMS 5508 A, (Jan. 31, !964)
3 AMS 5616 0, (Jan. 15, 1963)
HF.AT 4 Univers al-Cyclo ps Steel Corpora tion. "High Temper
S-509 S-771 ature
Metals" , (1958)
AI 0.12 0.18 5 Allegheuy Ludlum Steel Corpora tion. "Allegh eny
c 0.15 0.15 Stainles s Steels", Alleghe ny Blue Sheet, (1957)
Metal
Cr 13.21 13.35 6 Sessler , J.G. and Brown, W.F., Jr., "Notch and
Cu 0.18 0.14 Smooth
Mn Bar Stress-R upture Charact eristics ol Several Heat
0.31 0.37 Resistan t Alloys lo the Temper ature RaDI!e Between
Mo 0.14 0.23 and IOOOF", Proceed ings, ASTM, Vol. 56, (1956), 600
Ni 2.04 1.93 p. 738
7 The Carpent er Steel Co., "Carpen ter High Temper
s O.OIS 0.012 Alloys" , (Jan. 1962)
ature
Si 0.14 0.25 8 Bell Aircraft Corpora tion. (1959)
Sn 0.012 0.018
p 9 Alloy Digest, FU~ Code: SS-78, "Greek Ascoloy
0.026 0.027 ," (Sept.
w 1958)
3.20 2.88 !0 AMS 5817, Qan. IS, 1961)

CODE 1407
PAGE 6
 FeM
MARCHI965 FERROUS ALLOYS

1. GBNBRAL 2.02 Other !byslcal Properties

AM363 is a receDII.y developed lCIIt' c:ost, medium 2.021 n
Deaalty. o. 281lb per cu in; 7. gr per cu em, (1). Fe
strcugth staiDleaa steel alloy for structural applfcat1oas. 2.022 mectrlcal properties
Its strength levels c:n be compared to low alloy 2.023 Magnetic properties. 'Ibe alloy is ferromagnetic, (1) 0.04C
structural steels BDd 1/4 to 1/2 bard Type 201 SraiDless 2.024 Emissivity
Steel. Its corrosion reslstaDce in the atmosphere can 2.025 Damping capacity 11.5 Cr
be compared to Type 430 Srainlesa Steel. Tbls alloy is 2.026 Crystal structure:
an curgrowtb ~ an attempt to produce a maraging Face centered cubic. at annealing temperature, 4 Ni
staiDless steel. At buot It may be CCIIBidered a leiiJl Body centered cubic, at room temperature, (1)
muaglng steel. The &.Uoy, when aged at 900 to 950P 03 Ti
for 2 to 8 hours, wW - increase in tensile strength 2.03 Cbemlcal Pr~les
j 2.031 The resistanCe of this alloy to atmoapberlc corrosloo Is
BDd wW increase in yield streuglh oaly allgbtly. Tbls
\
suggests that tbe alloy be cllll81dered as a low alloy excellent. The alloy does not develop a visible oxide AM-363
structural steel rather than as a marsging steel. rum or t:taiD in the atmoapbere. (1).
The alloy is ollrafnable as abeet or atrfp wltb a guaran- 2.032 Exposure time for ruating to develop In the 5% neutral
teed yield strength ~ 100 kal BDd a teaane strength ~ salt spray test for the alloy Is from 72 to 100 bours, (1).
120 kaL It CBD be formed BDd joined by weldlug. At 2.033 The effect of varlowo cbemlcal emrlrooments oa the
room temperature. the alloy' a structure CCIIBiata of oxidizing activity of the alloy, Table 2. 033.
low carboo martensite.. At tbe lllllleBling temperature,
TABLB 2 033
the structure is austenltlc, (1)(2)(3)(4).
I :iource If
1.01 Commercial Des!gDatloo
Allov F, - ~M~ri-~TI

Test Bolling solutloo

AM363
medium 25% Nittlc acid fw.t l'hOiiphoric acid 60% Acetic acld
Alternate Deslgnatloas Time ~-48 r 24 hr 24hr
1.02
Penetration 1
1. 03 Specl!lcatioos ID per Monti: 0.0125 0.0009 0.034

1.04 Composltioo
2.034 Alloy exblblts good reslstauce to stress corrosion crack-
Table 1.04.
ing. Tests oo two heats stressed almoat to Fty showed
complete resistance to stress corrosion cracking after
TABLE 1 04 ISS days exposure to 5\t neutral aalt spray, (1).
Source s
Percent 2. 04 N.aclear Properties
Min Max
Carbon
Chromium
-
11.00
o.os
12.00
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Manganese
Nickel
-
4.00
0.30
s.oo
3.01 Specified Mecbsnlcal Properties

Silicon
Titanium
-
0.30
O.!S
0.60
3.02
3.021
Mecbsnical Properties at Room Temperature
Tensioa
3.0211 Stress-strain diagrams
Iron Balance
3.02111 Stress-strain curve at room temperature for strip,
Pig. 3.02111.
!.OS Hest Treatment 3.0212 Room trmperature tensile properties of sheet in various
l.OSl All necessary heat treating Is done In the mUI. For a condlllons, TAble 3. 0212.
majority of appllcatlt"..s subsequent heat treating Is
not required, (1)(2). TABLB3 0212
1.052 Solutlootemperature. 1600F, (1). Source ts (1)
l.OS3
l.OS4
Annealing temperature range. 1500 to 1700F, (1).
Age at 900 to 9SOF for 2 to 8 bours. Aging will not
AllOY
Form
F..tO 04C
.,.,_
.5r.r~.3Tl

increase the tensile strength but will increase the yield Ann Ann+age MUiann
stre'!l!'ll slightly to Its maximum value, (2).
Condition
AsHR 1600~ IOSOF SMln
IA.:,;a~ehr I. T
ftu -ksi 138 124 123 124 123 125
1. 06 Hardness F,r -ksl 131 lOS 117 118 106.5 112
1.061 ;;;;;;;;-temperature BDd at SOF tbe hardness Is 26 RC. e( ln}-percent 11.0 8.0 11.0 u.s 12.S u.s

1.07 Forms and Condltioas AvaUable 3.022 Compression

1.071 Available as sheet or strip beat treated at the mUI. 3.0221 Stress-strain diagrams
3.0222 Fey at room temperature. transverse direction, 122
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice ksl, (2).
3.023 Impact
1.09 Special Considerations 3.024 Bending
3.025 Torsloa and shear
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 3.026 Bearing
3.027 Stress concentration
2.01 Thermal Properties 3.0271 Notch properties
2.011 Melting range. 25SO to 26SOF. 3.0272 Fracture toughness
2.012 !'base changes. A3 - 137SF, 3.028 Combined properties
At 12SOF,
Ms - noF, 3.03 Mechanical Properties at VarlOUll Temperatures
Mr
SOOF, 3.031 Tension
2.0121 Time-temperature transformation diagrams 3.0311 Stress-strain diagrams
2.013 Thermal conductivity 3.0312 Bffect of test temperatures on tensile properties of sheet,
2.014 Thermal expansion Fig. 2.014. Fig. 3.0312.
2.01S Specific heat 3.032 Compression
2.016 Thermal dUfuslvlty 3.0321 Stress-strain diagrams

CODE 1409
PAGE
FeM
FERROUS ALLOYS MARCHI965

3 .033 Impact :
Fe f'l .0331 Bftect of test temperature on Impact energy of bar, "'-~)
Flg. 3,0331,
0040
~3.035
.034 Bendil4f "'
Torsion and shear m6
11.5 Cr .036 Bearing i!!i
3 .037 Stress concentration 0::
4 Ni 3 .0371 Notch properties ll!
3 .03711 Bftect of test temperature 011 notch strength of strip,
0.3 Ti Flg. 3.03711.
i!!i
3.0372 'I' FROMRTTO T
3.038
Fracture toughness
C0111blned properties
s lNOICATBD
AM-363
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties 4
0 200 400 600 800 1000"
3.05 Fatigue Properties TEMPF
3.051 5-N curves for smootb and notched specimens In tension,
Flg. 3.051. FIG. 2.014 TilERMAL EXPANSION (5)

3.06 mastic Properties 120

3.061 Poisson's ratio Fe(O. 04C)11. 5Ct

3.062
Lcmgltudlnal 0. 320,
Transverse 0. 330, (I).
Mcxlulus of elasticity 100
STRIP
~
I
Lcmgltudlnal 27.9 x !o3 kat,
Transverse 27. 5 x 1o3 ksl, (1).
3.063 Mcxlulus of rlgldlty
Longitudinal 10. 6 X 1oJ ksl, 80
Transverse 10. 3 x 1oJ kal, (I).

4.

4.01
4.011
FABRICATION

Formsblllty
C.n be formed by all conventional metbcxls. The alloy
!il
~
60 1/
4.012
ha very ,gocxl deep drawing chsracterlstl ce but Ia
o::iiy limited In stretching operations, (3).
The alloy can be bent In tbe transverse direction 135 40
)_
around a pin whose radius Is 1.0 to 1.5 times tbe
thickness o! tbe sheet, (I).
_/
4.02
4.021

4.03
4.031
Machining and Grinding
Alloy was tested wltb 1/4 Inch M-1 drill using Gulf
cutting oil 43A wltb a constant feed of 0. 005 In per
revolution giving a tool speed for coaatant wear o! 135
sfpm, (1).

Weldin&
20

v 0.002 0.004
STRAIN IN PER IN
0.006
TENSION

0.008

The alloy hss been successfully butt-welded by tbe

l'IG. 3,02111 STRESS-STRAIN CURVE AT ROOM
automatic gas tungsten-arc process to Itself and to
a ustenltlc and ferrltlc stainless steels wltbout tbe use TEMPERATURE FOR STRIP (2)
of fUier material, (1). Preparatloa for welding, welding
parameters and welding performance are slmUar to tbe
austenitic stainless steels, (2). Welded tensile tests
Indicate lhst both tbe welded and welded plus aged
strengtb compare favorably wltb tbe unwlded aged
material, (2).
4.032 Manual gas tungsten-arc welding wltb 0. 035 inch
diameter AM-363 welding wire prcxluced a 1/2 loch
buttweld which compared In tensile properties to tbe
mlllaged unwelded material, (2).
4.033 The alloy hss excellent electrical resistance spot
welding chsracterlstl cs s!mUar to austenitic stainless
steel. Approximately tbe same welding conditions as
used for austenitic stainless steels wUl produce tension- 100
shear tests results greater than tbe required minimum
values, (!).
80
4.04 Heat Treatment 20
!2:<II
4.05 Surface Treatment t.l
f:i...
0
200 0 200 400 600
TEMP- F
FIG. 3,0312 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE
ON TENSILE PROPERTIBS OF SHI!I!T
(1)

CODE 1409
PAGE 2
 rem
MARCHI965 FERROUS "ALLOYS

r:.,,
,.,
., 200
Fe(O. 04C)-ll. 5Cr4NIO. 3Ti
3/4 INDIA BAR
140

Ia-
Fe(O. 04C)ll. 5Cr4NI-0. 3Ti
0. 062 1N STRIP
Fe
MILL ANN Q.04 c
160
eL
OT
I20

"""' ~ !A
~
.. 11.5 Cr
4 Ni
.. 120 100
..... 0.3 Tl
..:I

f..
"' ao lil
:.:
ao 1\ 0
~
AM-363

60 I\ 0..

TENSION FATIGUE
"'A'' RATIO \

m~OOili ~
40
100
TEMP- F NOTCH liD It-
FIG. 3.0331 EFFECT OF TES"f.TEMPERA1URE ~E3,5
20
ON IMPACT ENERGY OF BAR (I)
to3 loS !o6
NUMBER OF CYCLES
FIG, 3.051 SN CURVES FOR SMOOTH AND NOTCHI!D
SPECIMENS IN TENSION (4)

16
0r----.:)-""T'"---r:F~e(:::O~.0~4-:::C):r--:-:11:-.5::-:C::-r--T.NI':"-::0~.3:::T::-11
0.060 1N STRIP
ANN+AGE
140~~~~~~-+----_,------f=C~K:LIID~

L

T
0
- . ......._
REFERENCES

ao~----4------+----~~----r-----~ "AM-363 a Mar-Agiag Sta1Dleoa Steel", Prellml'l81')'

SHARPI!DGE NOTCH TENSILE SPECIMENS WITH Data, Allegheny Ludlum &eel Corp.
< 0,001 lN NOTCH RADII 2 "AM363 Strip for Structural Appllcatlono", Prellmlllacy
Data Sheet, Allegheny Ludlum Sleei,Corp.4Feb. 11, 1963)
60L---L---L---~-~--~ 3 "Low AlloySratnleao Sleelo for Structural Ap;~llcati<Joo",
200 0 200 400 600 800 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp.
TEMP F 4 "Personal Communleatlon", R. L. Coole, Allegheny U.:.-
lum Steel Corp, with Syracuoe University, Q1W.19, 1965)
FIG. 3.03711 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH 5 Roberta, D. A.. "Hlgb Strength Stainless Steels", Review
STRENGTII OF STRIP (I) of Recent Developmento, DMIC, (May 29, 1964)

CODE 14(19
PAGE 3
 FeAH
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

1.0522 Bffect of aging temperature and time on tensile properties

1. GBNBR.J.L, of bar, Fig. 1. 0522. Fe
This alloy is one of a series of age hardening steels which 1.0523 Sand castings to Condition H 900; 87 5 to 925 F, 1 hr Cr
combine high strength at temperatures up to 800 F with
(AMS 5398). O~er conditions are also used.
17
the corrosion xeslstsnce of stainless steels, It is
available in foxm of bar, wire and foxglngs and also as 1.0524 Precision Investment castings to Condition H 900. 850 to 4 Ni
sand and pxeclslon Investment castings. 900 F, 1 hr (AMS 5355) . Fox further !nfoxmatlon on 4 Cu
precision lnvustment castings and their heat treatment,
1. 01 Commercial Designation. 17-4 PH. see 4.012.
1.02 A!.!exnate Designations, None. 1.06 Hardensblllty. Alloy develops full hardening In all 17-4 PH
section sizes on air cooling.
1.03 Specifications. Table 1. 03.
1. 07 Foxms and Conditions Available
TABLE 1.03 1. 071 Bar, forgings and wire are commercially available over a
AMS Form ";!tnru wide range of sizes, up to 111n round.
5355 Castings, precision investn_Jent 1. 072 Plate Is available on special order,
5398A Castings, sand and centrifugal 1. 07 3 Wrought products are available In Condition A and various
5643E IJar, for lngs MILS-862 H Conditions.
1.074 Sand and precision investment castings are avallsble In
Condition A and various H Conditions.
1.04 Cor.! poSition. Table 1. 04. 1.08 Melting and Casting Practice. Generally electric furnace
air melt. Induction and consumable electrode vacuum
melts are also available.
TABLE 1.04
Source I
AMSI3l AMS (!) AMS12l 1. 09 Speclsl Considerations , No speclsl precautions axe
Form Bar. Foro:lru!s Castlru!s necessary fox this alloy except the need for cleanliness as
! Pe cent Percent Percent fox any stainless steel. The alloy also has a wide
Mb Max Min I Max Min Max allowance In compositional range.

..- --- ---

,!.;arbon 0.07 0.08 0.06
Manganese 1.00 1.00 o. 70
Phosphorus
Sulfur
--0.040
0.030
0.040
-
0.040 -
0.040
0.030
2. PH\ SICAL AND CHBMICAL PR.OPBRTIBS

Silicon
Chromium 15.50
-1.00
17.50 15.50 17.50
-
1.00 0.50
15.5
1.0
16.7
2.01
2.011
Thermal Properties
Melting range. 2560 to 2625 F.
Nickel 3.00 5.00 3.00 5.00 3.6 4.6 2.012 Phase <.hanges. Thls alloy Is austenltic;at elevated
Copper 3.00 5.00 3.00 5.00 2.5 3.2 rr.nperatures but transforms to martensite on cooling.
Ms point on cooling from 1900 F Is 300 F approximately
Columbium+
Tantalum
0.15 0.45 -
0.45 0.10 0.35 and the martensite Is practically complP.tely transformed
Nitrogen
Iron
-
Ba ance
- IJalance
- - - 0.05
IJalance
below 90 F. Aging causes precipitation of 'lntexmetallic
compounds which further harden the low carbon
martensite.
2.013 Thermal conductivity, Fig. 2, 013,
2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2, 014.
2.015 Specific heat. Condition H 900, 0, 11 Btu per lb F.
1.05 Heat Treatment 2.016 Bffect of aging temperature on dimensional changes of
solution treated bar, Fig. 2. 016.
1. 051 Solution treat to Condition A.
1. 0511 IJar, forgings and wire. 1875 to 1925 F,30 mln.,cool to
2.02 Other Physical Properties
90 F maximum according to Tllble I, 0511.
2.021 Density. Table 2. 021.
TABLE 1 0511 TABLE 2 021
Source (4 ource 5 p. 10
Form Thickness - In Coollru! Condition A H900
Wire - Oil or wntJ:Lnucnch. 0.282
Bar and
Forgings
<3
3 to6
011 quench
Air cool
lb per cu In
gr per cu em
0.280
7.78 J 7.80
>6 Retarded air cool under
sheet cover 2.022 Blectrlcal resistivity, Table 2. 022.

ource
1. 0512 Castings. 1900 to 1950 F, 1 hr per Inch of thickness
Condition
(30 min. minimum), oil quench for precision Investment
Microhm In
castings and cool as required for sand castings.
1.052 Age Condition A to H Conditions.
1.0521 Bar, forgings and wire to various H Conditions, Table
1. 0521. 2.023 Magne1ic proporlies, Magnetic perm"'!bllity, Table
2.023.
TARLE .0~21

Source (5 p, 2 3) TABLE 2.023

Ag~ 5 10
Source
Condition Temp- F Time- hr Condition A H900
,H 900 890 to qlO 1 PermeabUity
H 925 915 to 935 4 At 100 oersteds 74 100
H 1025 1015 to 1035 4 AI 200 oersteds 48 60
1-1 1075 1065 to 1085 4 Maximum 95 151
H 1150 1140 t<l 1160 4

CODE 1501
 FERRO US ALLOY S REVISED MARCH 1963

2.03 Chemical Properties 3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature . Sec also
Fe 2,031 Corrosion resistance 3,03.
2.0311 General corrosion resistance to aanospherlc and acid 3.021
17 Cr attacks Is considerably superior to that of martensltic 3.022
Hardness. Sec Table 3. 012.
Effect of exposure to elevated temperature on tensile
stainless steels and compares favorably with that of
4 Ni austenitic stainless steels,
properties of wire In Condition H 900, Fig. 3. 022.
3.023 Compressive yield strength and shear strength, Table
4 Cu 2. 0312 Alloy Is not susceptible to hydrogen embrittlcmcn t. 3.023,
2.0313 Stress corrosion of the high strength conditions may
occur In certain media. 'I'ARIR 3.023
rc;;;;;-;:;:: (5, p, 2, OJ
17-4 PH 2.04 Nuclear Properties lrnndftfon A H 900
2.041 Effects of Irradiation on pby~icall'lnd mechanical Fey typksl 110 178

--
properties under the following exposure condltions(GE): Fsu typ-ksl 130
Water loop at 540 F, 3 months at 4xl019 and 3xto19 NVT F.,IF,,. typ 0.63
(Thermal).
2,0411 Density and dimensional properties. No slgnlflcant
changes. 3,024 Impact properties. lmpact strength of bar In various
2. 0412 Magnetic susccptibil ity. 4 percent Increase on hardened H Conditions, Fig, 3. 024.
alloy.
2. 0413 Hardness. Table 2. 0413. 3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperature s
TABLE 2 04!3 3,031 Short time tension properties. Effect of test temperature
!Source 6 p. 41 on tensile properties of bar In Condition H 900, Fig.
Pre- Exposure Post- Exposure 3,031.
Condition Hardness RC NVT Hardness RC 3.032 Short time properties other than tension
lA 33 to 35 4 X 10 ~
1
48 to 52 3. 0321 Effect of test temperature on compressive yield str.mgth
, ~00 43 to 44 4 X 1Q19 44 to 48 of bar In Condition H 900, Fig. 3. 0321.
3.0322 Effect of test temperature on bearing properties of alloy
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES In Condition H 900, Fig. 3. 0322.
3. 0323 Effect of test temperature on shear strength of alloy In
3.01 Specified Mechanical Properties Cond.Jtion H 900, Fig. 3. 0323,
3,011 AMS specified mechanical properties, Table 3.011. 3,0324 Effect of low test temperature on Impact strength of bar
TABLE 3. 011 in various H Conditions, Fig. 3. 0324.
Source AMS 3 AMS 2) AMS 1 3.033 Static stress concentration effects
Alloy Fe-17Cr4Nl- l< u
Precision 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
Bar, Sand 00 Invesanent 3. 041 Total strain and creep rupture curves at 600 to 900 F for
Form Forgings Castings castings bar In Condition H 900, Fig. 3. 041.
Condition A H 900 A H 900 A IH 90C 3,042 Creep rupture curves at 600 to 800 F for smooth and

--- - --
Fru.mln -lcsi 190 180 180 notched bar In Condition H 1000, Fig. 3, 042.
max -lcsl 215(a)
-- - - 3.043 Creep rupture curves at 300 to 800 F for smooth and
Fty min -lcsl
-
170 !50 -
ISO notched bar In Condition H 1100, Fig. 3, 043.

--- --
e(4D), min-percent 10 6 3,044 B(fects of test temperature and rupture time on notch
6

-- --
RA, man percent 12 strength ratio of bar In Conditions H 1000 and H 1100, F lg.

-- --
up to 3 In !net 40 3. 044.
> 3 In to 8 In incl
Hardness
- 35 - 15
3.05 Fatigue Properties, FatiglJC properties of bar In various
- - -
--
BHN, min 375 375 H Conditions, Table 3, OS.
-
--
max 363 461 363
RC, min - - - 37 40
max
Bar only
- - - - 36
(a) Round bars < 1/2 In = 240 ksl max
- C:n.,rrP
. l"or;;,
TARLE 3,05
12~.2-8-1

. Values um.lcr revision

Condition Temp Method
"''"
Stress
3, 012
Fatigue Strength - lcsl
Producers' specUied mechanical properties, Table F Ratio at Cycles
3.012.
TABlE 3.012 A R 106 107 w8 109

--- -
Armco H 900 RT Rot -1 90 80
"'
Source (5,p.3) Armco (5, p. 4) H 1000 beam 87.5 - -
Alloy Fe-17Cr-4NI -4Cu
H 1050
H 1100
Smooth
K =I -
85
82
-- ---
Bar,
Form Wire Bar
H 1200
inso
- 77 -
Condition A H900 H 925 iH 1025 H 1075 H 1100
H 7nn ot 1-an1
"' -1 91 7 7 -
F.}'f min - ksl - 190 170 !55 145 135
H 1000 RT - 85 - --
- - - - - 700
l tnt( max
Fw min
- ksl
-ksl
175
170 155 145 125 IQj
- Armco only
84 78 71

e In), min-percent
RA, min -percent
- 10 10 12 13 16 3.06 Blastic Properties

--
upto31n 3.061 Modulus of elasticity at room and elevated temperature s,
40 44 45 45 50
>31n to 8 In Fig. 3,061.
35 38 45 4' 50
Hardness 3.062 Modulus of =l~:ldlty at room and elevated temperature s,
RC, min - 40 4538 35 31 28
Fig. 3,062.
max
>li81n,max
-
38
~7

- 375-
42
-
39
-
37
-
BHN, min - 388 331 302 277
4. FABRICATION
max - 448
-
438 401 375 352
-
-- -- 4. 01

--
1/2 to 3 ln,max :U1 Forming and Casting

>31n,max 363 -
Up to 8 In unless otherwise specified
- 4. 011 Forging. Starting temperature 2150 F maximum, !lnl.hlng
temperature 1850 F minimum. Thicknesses over 3 inch

CODE 1501
 REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

must be inserted into furnace at reduced temperalllre,

such as 1200 F, heated to forging temperallJre, held a't
Fe
this temperature for 1/2 hr per inch of thickness plus 1 hr. 17 Cr
AJ.wr forging and before cooling, insert into furnace and
equalize at some temperallJre between 1900 F and forging 4 Ni
temperalllre.
4.012 Casting 4 Cu
4.0121 Sand castings with properties simllar to those of the
wrought product can be readily produced.
4.0122 Investment castings of the composition given in AMS 5355 17-4 PH
have given high rejection rates, while a slightly dllierent
composition has proven to be satisfactory. In this variety,
manganese is reduced to 0. 70 percent maximum, copper
to 4. 25 percent maximum, columbium limited to 0. 20 to
0. 45 percent and 0. 08 percent maximum nitrogen is
added. The castings should be homogenized at 2050 F,
60 min In an inert or dry hydrogen atmosphere, cook"<! in
still air, then solution treated to Condition A at 1950 F,
60 min, oil quench to room temperature, further cooled
to -100 F, and held for 2 hr, with a delay between quench
ing and refrigerating of 1/2 hr maximum. Aging to Con-
dition H 925 at 925 F, 1 1/2 hr minimum, should yield
the following properties: Ftu = 180 ksi minimum, Fty =
150 ksi minimum, e (I In) = 4 percent minimum (Martin
1959). AMS 5355 is under revision at present,
4.02 Macilining
4.021 General. Toolllfe in macllinlng tllis alloy is
approximately the same as that for Type 416 stainless
steel of equal harrlness. For obtalnlng close tolerances
on machlnlng Condition A, the contraction on aging may
have to be considered, see Fig. 2. 016,.
4.022 Cutting. Cold sawing is recommended, as hot cutting
or wheel cutting may cause cracking. Torch cutting is
possible with methods suitable for austenitic stainless
steels.

4.03 Welding. Any of the arc and resistance welding processes

used on austenitic stainless str.cls may be used on this
alloy. Sound joints with properties comparable to those
of the parent metal can be obtained by using weld metal
of same composition and post weld anncallng or heat
tieatlng. Preheating is not required. Because of its
high strength, stress concentrations should be minimized.

4.04 Heating and Heat Treating

4.041 Recommended practice for heating and heat treating is to
use electric mu!fle type furnace, either of the
convection or the radiant heat type.
4.042 Bright heat treating Is possible In hydrogen with a dew
point below -50 F. Dissociated ammonia anneallng may
contaminate the metal.
4.043 On either hez,tlng or coollng thicknesses over 4 inch,
a void slow temperature changes between 17 50 to 1850 F.
4.044 Heavy socti<ons should be preheated, such as at 1200 F.

4.05 Surface Treating

4.051 Pickling after solution t<e:ating or forging is performed
by the same methods as for standard steels. Wet pickling
may leave a smut which can be removed with high pressure
water or by brush scrubbing.
4.052 Dcscaling by salt bath methods results In an aged conditicn.
4.053 Passlvatlng Is done In a 10 percent nitric, 2 percent
hydrofluoric acid solution at 110 to 140 F, for a few
minutes. This treatment also removes the heat tint re-
sulting from aging. Alternatively the heat tint may be
removed by electropolishing .

..... ,

CODE 1501
PAGE 3
 y,-,1 I

FER RO US ALLOYS REV ISED MARCH 1963

Fe rz.7 ..-- -.......--....----~--r-:~~-,

a:
17 Cr le
Fe-17 Cr4N1 -4Cu
COND H 900
4
4
Ni
Cu
~6~--~~=F~~~~
le
2;

~5L__;:.:;:::::t::...:!!...!;;:...t.:::;::...::.;:.::l::.:.:.:::::..-J
160
17-4 PH
0 200 . 400 800
~ TEMP -F
120

a.
r: FIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION
(5, p. 10)

80

!i1>:1

-
~40
Ill

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
AGING TEMP - F
F1G. 1. 0522 BPFB CI'S OF AGING TBMP
BRATUllB AND TlMB ON
TENS ILE PROPBRTIBS OF BAR
(5)

-2.0
Fe-17C r-4N1 -4Cu
BAR, WIRE
-1.5 COND A
I

ii:'
14
i!:i
a:
le -1.0
DIMENSIONAL CHANGB
(CON'! RACTION)
I
!'<
a.
2'12
~
i!:i
'7
~
-o.5 ./
v
a: v
ll!lO
!'<
a. .....
..,. 0 ~ ~i
e 0 200
1000
0 200 400 600 800
AGING TBMP (l HR) - F
1000 1200

FIG. 2.016 BFFB CT OF AGING TBMPBRATURB

FIG. 2. 013 TifBRMA.t. CONDUCTIVITY ON DIMBNS10NAL
CHANGES OF' SOLUTION TREA TED BAR
(5, p. 10)
(12, p. 32-2)

CODE 1501
PAGE 4
RftlVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

Fc-17Cr-4Ni-4Cu Fc-17Cr-4N1-4Cu Fe
1/4IN WIRE liAR
CUND II '!110
c;!Jl.IJ II 'JIJ, 17 Cr
240L-----4-----~----~~r.~,v~nn~o'W'r.~~IIR_R~ 4 Ni
~~::::
//
TESTEDATRT 4 Cu
F
220~----+-----~---T_U~~~~~I~O~O--~

,ii~~ ~:o
17-4 PH

200~---~~----~-~~--~r-----t-----~

240L-----+-----~----~------+-----~

5000
/
220~----+-----~----~--~~~I~OI~JO~~

200~----+-----~----~~~~~----~
l/j1uo
7~10
1,- I
.. ..---
/"'~
180 _......j...-=..:-:.:-=-+-----+-----+----~

60
RA
... !! ~ :: f::::::::.-~ 1
- --- '~ --.........10
40 -- 1\. 100

~
if 20
0
1200 1600

FIG. :1.031 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TEN-

0 SILE PROPERTIES OF BAR IN CONDITION H 900
0 200 400 600 BOO (5)
TEMP- fl

FIG. 3.022 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED TEM-

PERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF WIRE
lN CONDITION 1-1 900 (7)

BO
I Fc-17Cr'-4Nl-4Cu
BAR
IE CHARPY V
CONDI! 200
Fe-17Cr-~NI-4Cu
60
._ BAR

---
COND H 900

[....- v~ 160
t--
L.A v FCY --......,
1.-Jv 120

"
0
AGING TIME
l OIHR
e4J-IR
80
0 200 400 600 BOO 1000
0 TEMP - F
BOO 900 1000 1100 1200
AGING TEMP - F
FIG. 3. 0321 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON COM-
FIG. 3. 024 IMPACT STRENGTI-1 OF IlAR IN PRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH OF BAR IN CON-
VARIOUS fl CONDITIONS DITION H 900 (B)
(6, FIG. 19)

CODE 1501
PAGE 5
 FE RR OU S ALLOYS REV ISE D MAR CH 196 3

Fe
320 300
17 Cr Fe-17Cr-4Nl~4Cu
BAR, WIRE
4 Ni 200 CONO H 900
4 Cu 2i 240
!50 600F

17- 4 PH 700 F
160 100 ..............
80 -~ ""SO OF
0 400 600
TEM P- F
800 1000 ~60 .~ ...........

FIG. 3.032 2 ',, .............

BFFB CT OF TEST TEM PEM
WRE ON BEARING
PROPERTIES OF ALLOY IN COND
ITION H 900
40 ', ~
(9, p. 149, 151) - 1.5%
---
RUPTURE
TOT AL
'\
\ 900 F
1',
I

--
STRA IN
\
20
120 10 100 1000 10,00 0
TIM E- HR
r---r- - Fe-1 7Cr- !Nl-4 Cu
COND H 900 FIG. 3.041 TOTA L STRAIN
AND CREE P RUPTURE
80 r-. ........ CURVES AT 600 TO 900 F FOR
CONDITION H 900
BAR IN

"''
(7, p. 2-4-6 - 2-4-9 )
Fsu

~
.......
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 !ZOO
TEM P -F
Fir.. 3. 0323 EFFE CT OF TEST TEM PERA
TURE ON SHEA R STRE NGTH
OF ALLOY IN CON DmO N H
900 (9, p. 147)

IOO Fe-17 Cr- Nl-4C u .

200 Fe-17 Cr-4N l4Cu
eco ND H 925 3f41N BAP. -
A COND H 1025
YCOND,_.H~I~15~0~----_,- ISO ~ COND H pan
SO
---~+-----~

100
-:::::;;:
SMOOTH
A .. --
TEST TEM P
80 0 600 F
e700F
60 l:J. 800 F
1-- IE CHARPY V 300
"' '6o f
~200
ISO
Iii:
o.fs~oo
~~ ~ 1---
'-r~0.002
100 -_~

so NOTCHED ~ ~
K = 7.5 RUPTIJRE
60
TEM P- F 0.1
10 100
FIG. 3, 0324 EFFE CT OF LOW TBST TBM 1000
PBRA TURE ON TIM E- HR
IMPACT STRENGTH OF BAR
IN VARIOUS FIG. 3. 042
H CONDITIONS CREE P RIJPTUR.E CURVES AT
600 TO 800 F FOR
(12, p. 2-10- 1) SMOOTH A.NO NOTC HED BAR
IN CON DmO N H 1000
(10, FlO. 8)

CODE 1501
PAGE 6
 FeAH
REV I SED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS

t . .J
~- Pe-17Cr-4Nf~4Cu 11 r-----,-----~----~--~ Fe
Fe-17Cr-4Nl- 4Cu
200 3/4INBA R- CONCH 900
SMOOTH CONCH 1 00 17 Cr
150 - 4 Ni

100
~- r-
't'BSTTEMP
.,_,_
...A

'v:;_6rrj
-- ~
4 Cu
9
-300F
l a.E~o
80
0 600 p
0 400 600 17-4 PH
TBMP-P
~60 .~ 700 p
300 ll 800 p MODULUS OF RIGIDITY AT ROOM AND
C.r = o. 002 FIG. 3,062
ELEVATED TEMPBRA'IURES
200 (6, p. 9)
~ ~~-.,.._-"-
b--
150 \..
NOTCHED
K =7.5 RUPTURE
0.1 10 100 1000
TIME- HR

PIG. 3. 043 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES AT 300 TO 800 P FOR SMOOTH

AND NOTCHED BAR IN CONDmON H 1100
(10, FIG. 9)

CONC
HlOOO

ii

REFERENCES

I AMS 5355, (March I, 1955)

2 AMS 5398 A, (July 15, 1961)
600 800 1000 1200
3 AMS 5643 E, (Jan. 15, 1960)
TEMP- P 4 Armco Steel Corporation, "Armco Precipitation-Hardening
Strinless Steels. Armco 17-4PH and Armco 17-7PH Forging and
PIG. 3. 044 EFFECTS OF TEST TEMPilRATU RE AND RUPTURE Annealing of Billets, Bars and Forgings", Armco Fabricating
TIME ON NOTCH STRENGTH RATIO OF BAR IN CON- ['oata Bulletin, (Jan. 3, 1956)
On10NS H 1000 AND H 1100 (ll, FIG. III-ll) 5 Armco Steel Corporation, "Armco Precipitation- Hardening
Stainless Steels, Armco 17 4PH Bar and Wire", Armco Product
Data Bulletin. (Nov. 3, 1958)
6 Suss, Henry, "Type 17-4PH Steel", Knolls Atomic Power tab-
oratory Manual by General Electric Co., Section XVIII, (Aug.
I, 1956)
7 Armco Steel Corporation, "Precipitatio n Hardening Stainless
Steels", Armco Data Bulletin, (Aug. II, 1958)
8 North American Aviation, Inc., "Materials Property Manua!
and Summary Report", (Oct. 30, !957)
9 Favor, Ronald J., Achbach, William P. and Hyler, WolterS.,
"Matorials-P roperty-Dcsi gn Criteria for Metals", WADC TR
55-150, P:. 5, (Oct. 1957)
10 Sessler, John G. and Manzari, Nicholas J., "Summary aod
General Evaluation of Stress-Ruptu re Test Data on Various
High-Tempe rature Alloys nt 600 to 800"F", SURI Finn I Rp. No.9,
24 Acct. No. 1620.81.2018 , (July 1954)
0 200 400 600 800
II Sachs, G. and Brown, W. F., Jr., ''The Notch Sensitivity of
TEMP -F High Temperature Alloys", SUR I, Lit. Survey, (June 1957)
12 Armco Steel Corpurntion, "Armco Precipitation Hardening
FIG. 3.061 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT ROOM Stainless Steels", Armco Technical Data Manual, (A~g. 1, 1960)
AND ELEVATED TEMFERATURP.S
(6, p. 9)
 REVISED: MARCH 1970 FERROUS ALLOYS
AUTHOR: S. S. MANSON

1. GENERAL 1.058 Effect of cold reduction on tensile properties of sheet

This alloy is one of the early developed nge- given less cold reduction than required by the CH 900
hardenable, nearly austenitic stainless steels which condition, Figure 1.058.
Fe
can be heat treated up to strength levels of about 240 1.059 Effect of cold reduction on tensile properties of sheet
ksi. It .is suPerior in corrosion resistance to the given less reduction than required by the CH 900
17 Cr
chromium stainless steels. The alloy Is used at.temp- condition and then aged for one hour at 900F, Figure 7 Ni
eratures up to 800 F. It can be formed readily .ln the 1.059.
annealed condition and is avnilable in a wide range of 1.0510 Effect of cold work introduced in Condition A on tensile AI
commercial sizes but is considered primarily as a properties of sheet inTH 1050 condition, Figure 1.0510.
plate and sheet alloy. Special precautions are neces- 1.05l.O~ Excessive reduction in tensile properties due to cold
sary when using the highest strength conditions or when -.,ork ae shown in Figure 1. OSlO can be reduced by
using the alloy at subzero temperatures because of modifying TH 1050 bent treatment as follows: 17-7 PH
r<'<iuced crack propagation resistance. Improved pro- austenite conditioning 1525 to 1575F, 1 1/2 hours,
perties in this respect may be obtained by using Inter alr cool, refrigerate + 10 to -10F, 4 hou.'!'s, precipi-
developed alloys of this class, such as PH 14-8Mo tation harden 1040 to 1060F, 1 1/2 hours, alr cool.
(see Code 1507). Properties after cold rolling are then restored to
values without cold rolling (25, p. 70).
1.01 Commercial Designation
17-7PH. 1.06 Hardness
1.061 Hardness ranges for alloy in several conditio;.s of heat
1.02 Alternate Designations treatment, Table 1.061. (see also Table 3.013 and
Armco, 17-7PH. Figure 4. 0145).
TABLE 1 061
1. 03 Specifications
ISourM 125 n. 14
Table 1