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Quantum Mechanics 812

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QUANTUM COMPUTING

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ψ =α 0 +β 1

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|α|" |β|"
α + β =1
2 2

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Hilbert space is a big place!


- Carlton Caves
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ψ = α 00 + β 01 + γ 10 + δ 11
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ψ = ; ! J
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ψ ≠α ⊗β / !

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& 78* & α 0 +β 1 9 α 1 +β 0

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J 0 1
X=
J 1 0

α β
X =
β α
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Any unitary matrix U will produce a quantum gate!

1 0
Z= α 0 +β 1 : α 0 −β 1
0 −1

1 1 1
/ H=
2 1 −1

0 +1 0 −1
α 0 +β 1 - α +β
2 2

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1 = =

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Differences with classical
Example: swap circuit circuits
• No loops *

& <
• No wires joined together

• No “copy a qubit”
qubit”
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2

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4
00 + 11
β00 =
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& ψ

&
β 00
< X M2 Z M1 ψ
ψ0 ψ1 ψ2 ψ3 ψ4

ψ =α 0 +β 1

00 + 11
β00 =
* $ 2

ψ
ψ =α 0 +β 1
β00
X M2 Z M1 ψ
ψ0 ψ1 ψ2 ψ3 ψ4

ψ 0 = ψ β 00 =
1
α 0 ( 00 + 11 ) + β 1 ( 00 + 11 )
2
1
= α 000 + α 011 + β 100 + β 111
2

:
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< <N
ψ
&< &<N
JJ JJ
β00
J J
X M2 Z M1 ψ
J
ψ0 ψ1 ψ2 ψ3 ψ4 J

1
ψ0 = α 000 + α 011 + β 100 + β 111
2
1
ψ1 = α 000 + α 011 + β 110 + β 101
2

1
ψ1 = α 000 + α 011 + β 110 + β 101
2
* $ -

0 0 +1
ψ
2
β00 1 0 −1
X M2 Z M1 ψ 2
ψ0 ψ1 ψ2 ψ3 ψ4

00 (α 0 + β 1 ) + 01 (α 1 + β 0 )
1
ψ2 =
2
+ 10 (α 0 − β 1 ) + 11 (α 1 − β 0 )

2
α 0 +β 1 9 α 1 +β 0

* $
α 0 +β 1 : α 0 −β 1
ψ

β00
X M2 Z M1 ψ
ψ0 ψ1 ψ2 ψ3 ψ4

00 → (α 0 + β 1 ) 01 → (α 0 + β 1 ) [X ]
10 → ( α 0 − β 1 ) [Ζ] 11 → (α 1 − β 0 ) [ XZ ]

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