Differentiation 9E

5x 3x 2
1 a Let y = d Let y =
x +1 (2 x − 1) 2
Let u= 5 x and v= x + 1
u 3 x 2 and=
Let= v (2 x − 1) 2
du dv
Then
= 5= and 1 du dv
dx dx Then = 6 x and = 4(2 x − 1)
dx dx
du dv
v −u du dv
dy dx dx v −u
Using = dy dx dx
dx v2 Using =
dx v2
dy ( x + 1) × 5 − 5 x ×1 5
= = 2 dy (2 x − 1) 2 × 6 x − 3 x 2 × 4(2 x − 1)
dx ( x + 1) ( x + 1) 2 =
dx (2 x − 1) 4
2x 6 x(2 x − 1) ( (2 x − 1) − 2 x )
b Let y = =
3x − 2 (2 x − 1) 4
−6 x(2 x − 1) 6x
Let =
u 2 x and =
v 3x − 2 = 4
= −
(2 x − 1) (2 x − 1)3
du dv
Then
= 2= and 3 6x
dx dx e Let y = 1
(5 x + 3) 2
du dv
v −u
dy dx dx u 6 x and=
Let= v (5 x + 3) 2
1

Using =
dx v2
du dv 5 −1
dy (3 x − 2) × 2 − 2 x × 3 Then= 6 and= (5 x + 3) 2
= dx dx 2
dx (3 x − 2) 2
6x − 4 − 6x 4 du dv
= = − −u v
dy
= dx 2 dx
2
(3 x − 2) (3 x − 2) 2 Using
dx v
x+3
c Let y = 1 − 12
2x +1 dy (5 x + 3) 2 × 6 − 6 x × 52 (5 x + 3)
=
Let u =
x + 3 and v =
2x +1
dx
( 1 2
(5 x + 3) 2 )
=
3(5 x + 3)
− 12
( 2(5 x + 3) − 5 x )
du dv
Then
= 1= and 2 (5 x + 3)
dx dx
−1
3(5 x + 3) 2 (10 x + 6 − 5 x) 3(5 x + 6)
du dv = =
(5 x + 3)
3

v −u (5 x + 3) 2
dy dx dx
Using =
dx v2

dy (2 x + 1) ×1 − ( x + 3) × 2
=
dx (2 x + 1) 2
2x +1− 2x − 6 5
= 2
= −
(2 x + 1) (2 x + 1) 2

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 e4 x (e x + 3)3
2 a Let y = d Let y =
cos x cos x
4x
= Let u e= and v cos x Let u = (e x + 3)3 and v = cos x
du dv du dv
= 4e 4 x and = − sin x = 3e x (e x + 3) 2 and = − sin x
dx dx dx dx
du dv du dv
v −u v −u
dy dy
Using = dx 2 dx Using = dx 2 dx
dx v dx v
dy 4e cos x − e 4 x (− sin x)
4x
dy 3e (e + 3) cos x − (− sin x)(e x + 3)3
x x 2
= =
dx cos 2 x dx cos 2 x
=
e 4 x (4 cos x + sin x) (e x + 3) 2 ( 3e x cos x + (e x + 3) sin x )
cos 2 x =
cos 2 x
ln x
b Let y = sin 2 x
x +1 e Let y =
Let u= ln x and v= x + 1 ln x
2
du 1 dv Let u sin
= = x and v ln x
= = and 1 du dv 1
dx x dx = 2sin = x cos x and
du dv dx dx x
v −u du dv
dy
Using = dx 2 dx dy
v −u
dx v Using = dx 2 dx
( x + 1) dx v
− ln x 1
dy x 1 ln x ln x(2sin x cos x) − sin 2 x
= = 2
− dy x
dx ( x + 1) x( x + 1) ( x + 1) 2 = 2
dx (ln x)
e −2 x + e 2 x 2sin x cos x sin 2 x
c Let y = = −
ln x ln x x(ln x) 2
Let u = e + e 2 x and v =
−2 x
ln x
du dv 1
= −2e −2 x + 2e 2 x and =
dx dx x
du dv
v −u
dy
Using = dx 2 dx
dx v
e −2 x + e 2 x
ln x (2e 2 x − e −2 x ) −
dy x
=
dx (ln x) 2
2 x ln x (e 2 x − e −2 x ) − (e −2 x + e 2 x )
=
x(ln x) 2
e −2 x ( 2 x(e 4 x − 1) ln x − e 4 x − 1)
=
x(ln x) 2

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 x e3
1x

3 y= 6 y=
3x + 1 x
Let =
u x and = v 3x + 1 1x

du dv = Let u e= 3
and v x
= 1= and 3 du 1 3 x1 dv
dx dx = = e and 1
du dv dx 3 dx
v −u du dv
dy
Using = dx 2 dx dy
v −u
dx v Using = dx 2 dx
dy (3 x + 1) − 3 x 1 dx v
= = 2 x 13 x 1x  x 
dx (3 x + 1) (3 x + 1) 2 e − e3
1x
e 3  − 1
dy 3 
At the point (1, 1
), x = 1 = 3= 2
4
dx x x2
dy 1 1 dy
so = = 2
dx 4 16
At the point ( 3, 13 e ) , x = 3 so =0
dx
Equation of tangent is
x+3 1
4 y= 1 y − e = 0 ( x − 3)
(2 x + 1) 2 3
Let u = x + 3 and v = (2 x + 1) 2
1
1
i.e. y = e
du dv −1
3
= 1 and = (2 x + 1) 2
dx dx
ln x
du dv 7 y=
v −u sin 3 x
dy
Using = dx 2 dx =Let u ln= x and v sin 3 x
dx v
du 1 dv
1
dy (2 x + 1) 2 − ( x + 3)(2 x + 1) 2
−1 = = and 3cos 3 x
= dx x dx
dx 2x +1 du dv
At the point (12, 3), x = 12 v −u
dy
1 −1 Using = dx 2 dx
dy 25 2 − (15 × 25 2 ) dx v
so =
dx 25 sin 3 x
− 3ln x cos 3 x
dy
= =
5 − 15 × 15 2 = x
25 25 dx sin 2 3 x
sin 3 x − 3 x ln x cos 3 x
=
e 2 x +3 x sin 2 3 x
5 y= π
x When x = ,
=Let u e= 2 x +3
and v x 9
du dv π π π π
= 2e = 2 x +3
and 1 sin − ln   cos
dx dx dy 3 3 9 3
=
du dv dx π 2π
v −u sin
dy
Using = dx 2 dx 9 3
dx v 3 π π π 
dy 2 xe 2 x +3
−e 2 x +3
e 2 x +3 (2 x − 1) − ln   18 3 − 6π ln  
= = 2 6 9 9
dx x2 x2 = =
3π 3π
dy 36
At stationary points =0
dx
π 
so 2 x − 1 =0 6 3 − 2π ln  
= 9
=x 0.5
= and y 2e 4 π
There is one stationary point at (0.5, 2e 4 ).

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 ey e2 x
8 a x= 10 a y =
3+ 2y ( x − 2) 2
e0 1 Let u= e 2 x and = v ( x − 2) 2
When =
y 0, =
x =
3 3 du dv
= 2e 2 x and = 2( x − 2)
1  dx dx
Coordinates of P are  , 0  .
3  du dv
v −u
dy
Using = dx 2 dx
b Let u= e y and v= 3 + 2 y dx v
du dv dy 2( x − 2) e − 2e 2 x ( x − 2)
2 2x

= e= y
and 2 =
dy dy dx ( x − 2) 4
dx e y (3 + 2 y ) − 2e y e y (2 y + 1) 2e 2 x ( x − 2)(( x − 2) − 1)
= = =
dy (3 + 2 y ) 2 (3 + 2 y ) 2 ( x − 2) 4
Gradient of normal to the curve is 2e 2 x ( x − 3)
=
1 dx e y (2 y + 1) ( x − 2)3
− = − = −
dy dy (3 + 2 y ) 2 A 2,=
So= B 1 and= C 3.
dx
1  b When
= x 1,=y e2
Gradient of normal at P  , 0  is
3  dy 2e 2 (−2)
0
e (2 × 0 + 1) 1 = = 4e 2
and
− = − dx −1
2
3 9 Equation of tangent is
Equation of normal at P is 2
y − e= 4e 2 ( x − 1)
1 1
y − 0 =−  x −  =y 4e 2 x − 3e 2
9 3
1 1 2x 6x
y= − x+ 11 a f=
( x) + 2
9 27 x + 5 x + 7 x + 10
This is in the form y = mx + c with
2x 6x
1 1 f=
( x) +
m= − and c = x + 5 ( x + 2)( x + 5)
9 27
2 x( x + 2) 6x
= +
x 4
( x + 2)( x + 5) ( x + 2)( x + 5)
9 Let y =
cos 3 x 2 x2 + 4 x + 6 x 2 x 2 + 10 x
4 = =
Let u x=
= and v cos 3 x ( x + 2)( x + 5) ( x + 2)( x + 5)
du dv
= 4 x 3 and = −3sin 3 x 2 x( x + 5) 2x
dx dx = =
( x + 2)( x + 5) x + 2
du dv
v −u In the last line, dividing through by (x + 5)
dy
Using = dx 2 dx is allowed because x > 0 so x + 5 ≠ 0.
dx v
dy 4 x cos 3 x − x 4 (−3sin 3 x)
3
b Let u= 2 x and v= x + 2
=
dx cos 2 3 x du dv
= 2= and 1
x3 (4 cos 3 x + 3 x sin 3 x) dx dx
=
cos 2 3 x 2( x + 2) − 2 x 4
= f ′( x) = 2
( x + 2) ( x + 2) 2
4 4
Hence f ′(3)
= = 2
5 25

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 2 cos 2 x
12 a f ( x) =
e2− x
=Let u 2= cos 2 x and v e 2− x
du dv
= −4sin 2 x and = −e 2 − x
dx dx
−4e sin 2 x − 2 cos 2 x (−e 2− x )
2− x
f ′( x) =
(e 2− x ) 2
2e 2− x (cos 2 x − 2sin 2 x)
=
(e 2− x ) 2
At stationary points, f ′( x) = 0
cos 2 x − 2sin 2 x = 0
2sin 2 x = cos 2 x
1
∴ tan 2 x =
2

b The range of f(x) is between the

y-coordinate of B and the y-coordinate of
the right endpoint of the interval.
1
tan 2 x = ⇒ 2 x =0.4636 or 3.6052
2
x = 0.2318 or 1.8026
So the x-coordinate of B is 1.8026.

Range of f(x) is
f(1.8026) ⩽ y < f(π)
−1.47 ⩽ y < 6.26 (3 s.f.)

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