Pour Référence P&WC Uniquement

Spécification For P&WC Reference Only CPW 23

o Fournisseur de l’Ingénierie pour .................
Specification Engineering Source for............................... Révision : T
o Fournisseur agréé - contrôle de l’Ingénierie Revision:
Qualified Source - Engineering Control Révisée le:
þ Fournisseur agréé - contrôle de laboratoire Revised: 2004-02-18
Qualified Source - Laboratory Control
o Directives additionnelles
Émise le :
Specification Supplement Issued: 1958-05-12
o Fiche signalétique obligatoire
Material Safety Data Sheet Req’d. Page: 1 de/of 22
o Aucun
None of the above

AVERTISSEMENT - Le présent document appartient à Pratt & Whitney Canada Cie. (P&WC). Il est défendu de détenir, d'utiliser, de reproduire ou de
divulguer quelque information y figurant, pour quelque motif que ce soit - y compris pour la conception, la production ou la réparation de pièces -, ou
d'obtenir une homologation FAA ou autre, sans l'autorisation expresse et écrite de P&WC. La réception ou l'entrée en possession du présent document
ne correspond nullement à une autorisation, quelle que soit la source dudit document. La possession, l'usage, la reproduction ou la divulgation par
quiconque sans l'autorisation expresse de P&WC sont formellement interdits et pourraient entraîner des poursuites en vertu du code criminel ou du code
civil.
WARNING - This document is the property of Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. (P&WC). You may not possess, use, copy or disclose this document or any
information in it, for any purpose, including without limitation to design, manufacture, or repair parts, or obtain FAA or other government approval to do
so, without P&WC’s express written permission. Neither receipt nor possession of this document alone, from any source, constitutes such permission,
use, copying or disclosure by anyone without P&WC’s express written permission is not authorized and may result in criminal or civil liability.

P&WC et le Fournisseur ont expressément exigé que la présente spécification ainsi que tout document indiqué en référence soient rédigés en langue
anglaise. Si une version française de la présente spécification ou de tous documents connexes a été transmise au Fournisseur et qu’il y a conflit et/ou
discordance entre les versions française et anglaise, P&WC et le Fournisseur conviennent qu’un tel conflit et/ou qu’une telle discordance devront être
résolus en donnant priorité à la version anglaise.
P&WC and the Supplier have expressly requested that this specification and any documents referenced hereto be written in the English language. In the
event that a French version of such specification or documents has been provided to the Supplier and there is a conflict and/or inconsistency between
the French and the English versions thereof, P&WC and the Supplier agree that such conflict or inconsistency shall be resolved by giving precedence to
the English version.

RESISTANCE WELDING SOUDAGE PAR RÉSISTANCE

SPOT, STICH, SEAM AND PAR POINTS, EN LIGNE CONTINU
PROJECTION PAR POINTS, À LA MOLETTE ET PAR
BOSSAGE

1. SCOPE

1.1 Purpose
This specification covers the engineering requirements and the visual acceptance standards
for resistance welds between parts, including parts with foil-backed porous sheet abradable
materials.

1.2 Description
Resistance welding is a group of welding processes that produces coalescence at the
overlapping surfaces of a joint by the heat obtained from resistance to the flow of electric
current through the workpieces from electrodes that serve to concentrate the welding current
and pressure at the weld area. Stitch (overlapping-spot) welding is considered separately from
seam welding; seam welding is considered to be welding using roller type electrodes.

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein; unless
otherwise specified the latest issue shall apply.
CPW 23 2
Revision: T

2.1 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Documents

Available from Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. (P&WC), 1000 Marie-Victorin, Longueuil,
Québec, J4G 1A1.

2.1.1 CPW Specifications

CPW 24 Welding - Arc, Gas, Electron and Laser Beam

CPW 100 Control of Material Processes and Parts - Laboratory Requirements for
Tests, Controls, Reports and Procedures for Source Qualification.
CPW 435 Cleaning of Titanium Alloys.
CPW 543 General Requirements for Visual Inspection.

2.1.2 Material Technology and Laboratory Manual (MCL Manual)

Section YC-1 Miscellaneous Controls and Qualifications - Resistance Welding

Section YC-3 Miscellaneous Controls and Qualifications - Fusion Welding

2.1.3 AWS Publications

Available from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.

AWS Welding Handbook

ANSI/AWS A2.4 Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing and Nondestructive
Examination.

3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 Standard Welding Terms

The definitions given in the AWS Welding Handbook shall apply, unless otherwise specified.
Definitions listed below apply to terms specifically used in this standard. The equivalent
French term is given in parentheses.

3.1.1 Ball Tack Welding (Soudure de pointage avec bille)

A method of positioning parts of an assembly in proper alignment with the aid of a metallic ball,
spot welded to two adjacent components.

3.1.2 Coalescence (Coalescence)

The fusing together of the materials being welded to form one body.

3.1.3 Contacting Overlap (Recouvrement en contact)

That portion of the surface of one part that is located over the surface of an adjoining part and
is in contact with it.

3.1.4 Crack (Fissure)

A fracture type discontinuity characterized by a sharp tip and high ratio of length and depth to
opening displacement (width).

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 3
Revision: T

3.1.5 Curved Residual Interface (Interface résiduelle courbé)

A residue of the joint interface in the nugget where it deviates from the original plane.

3.1.6 Discontinuity (Discontinuité)

An interruption of the typical structure of a weld, such as a lack of homogeneity in the
mechanical, metallurgical or physical characteristics of the material or weldment. A
discontinuity is not necessarily a defect.

3.1.7 Edge Distance (Distance du bord)

Distance from the centre line of a weld to the edge of the part.

3.1.8 Faying Surface (Surface de contact)

The surface of a member which is in contact or in close proximity to another member to which
it is or about to be joined.

3.1.9 Foil (Feuille mince)

Sheet metal with a thickness less than 0.010 inch (0.25 mm).

3.1.10 Heat Tint (Coloration thermique)

Coloration of the weld surface ranging from a light straw to a deep purple.

3.1.11 Incipient Melting (Liquidation)

Grain boundary melting, emanating from the nugget into the heat affected zone.

3.1.12 Nugget (Noyau)

The cast weld metal zone joining the parts in spot, stitch, seam or projection welds.

3.1.13 Projection Welding (Soudage par bossages)

A resistance welding process that produces coalescence by the heat obtained from the
resistance to the flow of welding current. The resulting welds are localized at predetermined
points by projections, embossments or intersections.

3.1.14 Residual Interface (Interface résiduelle)

A residue of the joint surfaces in the weld nugget.

3.1.15 Resistance Seam Welding (Soudage par résistance à la molette)

A resistance welding process that produces coalescence at the faying surfaces of overlapped
parts progressively along the length of the joint. The weld may be made with overlapping weld
nuggets or a continuous weld nugget. The welds are made using roller type electrodes.

3.1.16 Resistance Spot Welding (Soudage par résistance par points)

A resistance welding process that produces coalescence at the faying surfaces of overlapped
parts by the heat obtained from the resistance to the flow of welding current through the
workpieces from electrodes that serve to concentrate the welding current and pressure at the
weld area.

3.1.17 Resistance Stitch Weld (Soudure continue par points)

A weld made by overlapping spot welds.

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 4
Revision: T

3.1.18 Resistance Welding (Soudage par résistance)

A group of welding processes which produces coalescence of the faying surfaces of
overlapped parts with the heat obtained from resistance of the work and the work interfaces to
the flow of electric current in a circuit of which the work is a part, and by the application of
pressure.

3.1.19 Surface Burning (Brûlure superficielle)

A blackened, scaly appearance of the weld indentation and adjacent metal due to excessive
heat.

3.1.20 Tack Weld (Soudure de pointage)

A weld made to hold parts of a weldment in proper alignment until the final welds are made.

3.1.21 MTE&Q
Materials Technology Engineering & Quality Group.

3.1.22 SPDG
P&WC Special Process Development Group.

4. SYMBOLS
The nugget size, spacing, extent and other fabrication information relating to welds will be
specified by standardized symbols placed on the drawing. These symbols are described in
ANSI/AWS A2.4 and in 4.1 and 4.2. Symbols may be supplemented by notes giving additional
information.

4.1 Stich Welding

The symbol for stitch welding will be the standard spot welding symbol with an “S” enclosed by
parentheses and placed to the right of the spot weld symbol above the reference line.

4.2 Nugget Size

Nugget size will always be enclosed in parentheses.

5. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Weld Schedules

Weld schedules, necessary for the production of welds having nugget sizes no smaller than
those specified on drawings by corresponding welding symbols and supplementary notes,
shall be established by making and testing of not less than twenty five consecutive spot welds
or 12.5 inches (317 mm) of stitch or seam weld prior to welding parts. Weld schedules shall
include all details of the machine set-up and all welding parameters. Control test specimens
shall be cut from material of the same or equivalent specification numbers and the same
nominal thickness, and cleaned in the same manner as the parts represented and should,
when practicable, approximate the shape of a section of the part represented. Contacting
overlap in the control test specimens shall not be greater than the contacting overlap in the
part represented. Control shall be in accordance with MCL Manual Section YC-1.

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 5
Revision: T

5.1.1 Screen or Strainer

Control test specimens for schedules for screen or strainer elements shall be shear tested.

5.1.2 A and B Tests

Once established, weld schedules shall be verified by the fabrication and testing of specimens
similar to the control test specimens at the beginning and end of a production run, designated
A and B tests. When applicable, intermediate test specimens, designated as Ax, must be
submitted at intervals of every two hours. Non-operational breaks are not counted as interval
time. Deviation to this requirement can be dispositioned by SPDG or MTE&Q, without review
by Quality Review.

5.1.3 Machine Setting

The heat input (phase shift) setting shall not be changed by more than 10% and any other
machine setting shall not be changed by more than 5% of the value established for the
particular welding schedule. Should it become necessary to change the settings by more than
these values, a new weld schedule is required. Deviation to this requirement can be
dispositioned by SPDG or MTE&Q, without review by Quality Review.
No changes to machine settings are permitted after acceptance of an A test and before
submission of a B test.

5.1.4 Production Run

A production run is defined as the consecutive welding of a group of parts without interruption,
carried out under one weld schedule without a machine failure, a machine shutdown, set up,
or electrode change. Deviation to this requirement can be dispositioned by SPDG or MTE&Q,
without review by Quality Review.

5.1.5 Seam Welding

The motor speed control for seam welding is a reference setting only, and is determined
according to the number of spots per inch on the control test piece (5.4.2).

5.1.6 Stitch Welding

The A and B tests and the production run shall be carried out by the same operator. Deviation
to this requirement can be dispositioned by SPDG to MTE&Q, without review by Quality
Review.
Thickness combinations falling within the following limits shall not require separate weld
schedules provided the nugget size can be produced with a heat input (phase shift) setting
that lies within ±10% of the value established by the original schedule, all other conditions
being the same:
a) Foil
The variation in thickness (with regard to the original schedule) of the outer sheet shall be
within ±.001 inch (0.03 mm) and the variation in the summed thickness of all sheets shall
be within ±.003 inch (0.08 mm).
b) Sheet (outer) up to .040 inch (1.02 mm) Inclusive
The variation in thickness of either outer sheet shall be within ±.004 inch (0.10 mm) and
the variation in the summed thickness of all sheets shall be within ±.006 inch (0.15 mm).
c) Sheet (outer) over .040 inch (1.02 mm)

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 6
Revision: T

For aluminum and magnesium alloys the variation in thickness of either outer sheet shall
be within ±10%. For materials other than aluminum and magnesium, the thickness of
either outer sheet shall be within ±20%. The variation in the summed thickness of all
sheets shall be within ±10%.

5.2 Procedure

5.2.1 Cleaning
Surfaces to be welded shall be cleaned free from objectionable protective coatings, dirt,
grease, oil and other foreign materials, and as free as practicable from oxides, except that a
film of light oil may be left on surfaces of parts made of carbon or low alloy steel. The final step
in removing oxides from aluminum and aluminum alloys should preferably consist of chemical
treatment as soon as practicable before assembling and welding. Wire brushes, if used for
cleaning corrosion resistant steels and corrosion and heat resistant alloys, shall have bristles
of austenitic corrosion resistant steel. No undesirable deposit or residue from cleaning
operations shall remain on surfaces to be welded.
Cleaning of titanium alloys shall be carried out in accordance with P&WC Specification
CPW 435.

5.2.2 Weld Type

The type of weld specified by the symbols shown on the drawing or any supplementary
document shall be made using the schedule established in 5.1. Where the drawing specifies
that an overlapping spot (stitch) weld is required, a seam weld may be substituted. The
inverse does not apply.

5.3 Properties and Tolerances (Unless Otherwise Specified on Drawing)

5.3.1 Nugget Size

5.3.1.1 Spot Welds
At the beginning of a production run, the effective nugget diameters of individual spot welds,
as measured at each interface in the joint, shall not be smaller than values specified on the
drawing. At the end of a production run, the nugget diameter of individual spot and projection
welds as measured at each interface joint shall not be less than that specified in Table 1 or
Table 1, or the values specified on the drawing, whichever is smaller (See Figure 8).

5.3.1.2 Seam and Stitch Welds

When the effective nugget size of seam and stitch welds is specified, it shall, as measured at
each interface in the joint, not be lower than that specified on the drawing at the beginning of a
production run. The above requirements shall be met at any point along the length of the weld.
At the end of a production run, the nugget size shall not be less than that specified in Table 1
or Table 1, or the values specified on the drawing, whichever is smaller. The above
requirements shall be met at any point along the weld (See Figure 8).

5.3.1.3 Projection Welds

At the beginning and at the end of a production run, the nugget size shall conform to the
drawing requirements.

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 7
Revision: T

5.3.2 Positioning
Welds shall be centred on the overlap (A) or shall be located as specified on the drawing
within ±.060 inch (1.52 mm), (see Figure 1). Edge distance (B) shall not be less than one-half
of the minimum overlap (A/2), or shall be specified on the drawing. Edge distance
requirements (B) are waived when finished parts are cut from rings which have been
previously welded all around.
Test pieces not welded in accordance with this requirement can be dispositioned by SPDG or
MTE&Q without review by Quality Review.

Distance B shall be measured from the center of the weld.The center of the weld shall be
considered to be in the center of the electrode indentation.
Figure 1: Spot, Stitch and Seam Welds

Spacing between individual spot welds in a row and between rows of spot welds shall be
within ± .060 inch (1.52 mm) of the spacing required by the drawing (See Figure 2). Test
pieces(B Test) not welded in accordance with this requirement can be dispositioned by SPDG
or MTE&Q without review by Quality Review.

Figure 2: Spot Welds

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 8
Revision: T

Spacing between seam welds shall be within ±.060 inch (1.52 mm) of the spacing required by
the drawing, see Figure 3.
Test pieces not welded in accordance with this requirement can be dispositioned by SPDG or
MTE&Q without review by Quality Review.

Figure 3: Seam Welds

5.4 Appendices (A, B, C, D)

Weld nugget and minimum overlap.
• Appendix A - Materials other than Aluminium, Minimum Diameter or Width of Weld
(Inches)
• Appendix B - Materials other than Aluminium, Minimum Diameter or Width of Weld
(Metric)
• Appendix C - Aluminium, Minimum Diameter or Width of Weld (Inches)
• Appendix D - Aluminium, Minimum Diameter or Width of Weld (Metric)

5.4.1 Length (Extent) of Seam and Stitch Welds

Shall not be less than that specified on the drawing. The overlapping welds at the closure of a
seam or stitch weld shall overlap for a minimum of .500 inch (12.7 mm) to a maximum of four
inches (101.6 mm) in length. The combined width at the overlap shall not exceed 125% of the
weld width, as indicated by the surface indentation, see Figure 4.
Test pieces not welded in accordance with this requirement can be dispositioned by SPDG or
MTE&Q without review by Quality Review.

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 9
Revision: T

Figure 4: Overlap

5.4.2 Spots per Inch

For both seam and stitch welds, the number of spots per inch over any one inch length of weld
in A and B tests and production welds may range between minus 10% and plus 20% of the
average number of spots per inch on the approved weld schedule. Test pieces not welded in
accordance with this requirement can be dispositioned by SPDG or MTE&Q without review by
Quality Review.

5.4.3 Indentation
Unless otherwise specified on the drawing, the maximum indentation (T3 and T4) acceptable
on each of the outer surfaces of the joint shall be:
1. For Class “A” & “B”:
T3=10% of T1 or 0.005” (0.127 mm), whichever is greater
T4=10% of T2 or 0.005” (0.127 mm), whichever is greater (see Figure 5)
2. For Class “C” & “D”:
T3=15% of T1 or 0.005” (0.127 mm), whichever is greater
T4=15% of T2 or 0.005” (0.127 mm), whichever is greater (see Figure 5)

Figure 5: Surface indentations

5.4.4 Penetration
Unless otherwise specified, the weld penetration for the A test, into each outer piece at the
centerline of the weld nugget shall not be less than 20% of the indented thickness (Ti) of the
thinner of the pieces being joined and not greater than 80% of the indented thickness of the
respective pieces (see Figure 6). For titanium and titanium alloys, penetration may be as high

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 10
Revision: T

as 90% of the indented thickness of the respective piece. For stitch and seam welds, the
above requirements shall be met at any point along the length of the weld.
For stich and seam welds which do not form a closed circuit, the above requirements shall be
met at any point along the length except for a distance equal to one-half the individual spot
diameter at the beginning and at the end of such welds. Evidence of fusion is required where
the penetration requirements are waived. For B tests for seam and stitch welds, penetration
shall not be less than 15% of the indented thickness of the thinner piece. Local lack of
penetration (5% to 15% between nuggets) and/or excessive penetration (over 80%) can be
dispositioned by SPDG or MTE&Q, without review by Quality Review. Excessive penetration
shall be FPI per CFPM-4 to CFPS E.5. Parts not acceptable to these FPI standards shall be
subject to Quality Review.

Figure 6: Penetration

5.4.4.1 Foil-Backed Porous Sheet Abradable Materials

Weld penetration shall be 100% through the porous sheet and backing foil and shall show
evidence of fusion to 50% penetration of the mating part thickness.

5.4.4.2 Screens or Strainer Elements

Indentation and penetration requirements are waived for parts fabricated from wire mesh or
perforated sheet.
1. Supplier and Equipment qualification shall be performed in accordance with the
requirements of Section 9. and shall include tensile testing of specimens representative of
actual parts. The strength of the weld joint shall be such that, on all specimens, fracture
occurs only in the base material.
2. The weld joint shall be free from foreign materials and imperfections detrimental to the end
performance of the joint. Welds shall be free from excessive surface burning, spitting,
expulsions of metal or burned wires. Heat tinting shall not be cause for rejection.

5.4.5 Tack Welds, Cold Spots and Roll Spots

If used, shall not be injurious to parent metal and shall not affect the quality of the final weld.
For Class “A” and “B” welds, tack welds shall be fully contained within the final weld
indentation. For Class “C” and “D” welds, the following exceptions shall apply:

5.4.5.1 Tack Welds

At least 50% of the tack weld indentations shall be contained within the final weld and the
protruding portion shall not exceed 50% of the indention width of the final weld width unless
otherwise specified on the drawing.

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 11
Revision: T

5.4.5.2 Cold Spots and Roll Spots

For the complete circumference of the joint, the protruding portion of the cold spot or the roll
spot shall not exceed 25% of the final weld width.

5.4.6 Ball Tack Welding

May be used for positioning parts in assemblies prior to brazing.
Ball tack welds shall be fully contained within the final braze, so that there are no voids
between the ball and the braze.
Ball tack welds shall not be located at the leading edge or trailing edge zones of brazed stator
assemblies.

5.4.7 Sheet Separation

Sheet separation, measured at a distance from the center of the weld equal to three times the
radius of the fused size as specified on the drawing, shall not, unless otherwise specified,
exceed the following requirements:
1. 0.15 times the total thickness of the outer sheet and the one adjacent to it, or .006 inch
(0.15 mm), whichever is greater, or
2. .003 inch (0.08 mm) between foil and the sheet adjacent to it.
When the distance to the edge of the sheet is less than three times the radius as defined
above, the sheet separation may be measured at the edge of the sheet.

5.5 Discontinuities

5.5.1 Acceptance Criteria

Interconnected voids and radial cracks in the weld nugget are considered as one discontinuity.
For Class “A” and “B” welds, dimension A of the discontinuity shall not exceed 15% of the
length of the long axis of the weld nugget, and dimension B shall not exceed 15% of the length
of the short axis. For Class “C” and “D” welds, dimension A shall not exceed 25% of the long
axis and dimension B shall not exceed 25% of the short axis (see Figure 7).

Figure 7: Discontinuities

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 12
Revision: T

5.5.2 Internal Discontinuities for Class "A" and "B" welds

For class “A” and “B” welds, when internal discontinuities in test pieces exceed the 15%
limitation, parts shall be X-rayed per CXRM-1 to CXRS E-5 Class A standard for spot, stich
and seam welds.

5.5.3 Long Axis

The long axis shall be taken between the extreme boundaries of the nugget as shown in
Figure 7, or the ends of the residual interfaces, see Figure 8, whichever is smaller.

5.5.4 Discontinuities in the Weld Clear Zone

Discontinuities shall not extend into the outer 15% of the weld clear zone (see Figure 7).

5.5.5 Incipient melting

Incipient melting shall not be considered a cause for rejection provided that it does not extend
to within 10% of the actual thickness of the sheet measured from the outer surface. When
incipient melting extends within 10% of the actual thickness of the sheet, measured from the
outer surface, parts shall be FPI per CFPM-4 to CFPS E.5.

Figure 8: Residual Interfaces

6. REOPERATION
A maximum of one reoperation by the original process within the limits of 5.1.6, of 100% of the
weld length is permitted as a result of a B test reject, provided the test pieces used as A and B
tests for the reoperation are representative of the reoperated part. The resultant reoperated
weld shall meet the requirements of this specification and all applicable quality standards. A
minimum of 75% of the reoperation weld width shall be contained within the original weld as
indicated by the indentation caused by the electrodes or wheels on the outer surfaces.

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 13
Revision: T

6.1 Reoperation by Fusion Welding

Surface indications found at non-destructive test inspection of Class “C” and “D” welds may be
repaired using a fusion welding process, by a fusion welder qualified to P&WC Laboratory
Manual Section YC-3. The total length of repair shall not exceed 10% of the total length of the
weld. The fusion weld repair shall be contained within the original resistance weld indentation
and shall meet the requirements of this specification.

6.1.1 Filler Material

Shall not be used for reoperation by fusion welding.

7. VISUAL INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS

Welds shall be visually inspected prior to wire brushing, abrasive blasting and any heat
treatment or other operation which could affect the appearance of the welds. Visual inspection
shall be carried out in accordance with both this current specification and P&WC Specification
CPW 543. However, requirements of this current specification shall take precedence over
those in CPW 543.

7.1 Similar Weld Symbols

Welds specified by the same symbols on drawings and on a given combination of type and
thickness of material shall have a substantially uniform appearance.

7.2 Weld Surfaces

Weld surfaces shall be clean and free from surface burning, cracks, pits, inclusions, foreign
materials (except for copper tinting), corrosion, expulsion of metal, excessive indentation and
sharp corners or edges in weld indentation. Heat tinting is acceptable.

7.3 Tack-welds
Tack-welds shall comply with 5.4.5.

7.4 Ball Tack-welds

Ball tack-welds shall comply with 5.4.6.

7.5 Positioning
Positioning shall comply with 5.3.2.

7.6 Seam and Stitch Welds

Length of seam and stitch welds shall comply with 5.4.1.

7.7 Screens and Strainer

Screens and strainer elements shall comply with 5.4.4.2 and 5.4.4.2 Item 2 only.

8. CONTROL
Control shall be in accordance with P&WC Specification CPW 100.

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 14
Revision: T

9. SOURCE QUALIFICATION
Processing shall comply with the Qualified Source - Laboratory Control Requirements of
P&WC Specification CPW 100.
Resistance welding sources and machines shall be qualified to MCL Manual Section YC-1.
Fusion welding sources and machines shall be qualified to MCL Manual Section YC-3.

10. IDENTIFICATION
Unless otherwise specified, each welded assembly shall have documentation which provides
traceability of each weld to the corresponding test specimen. Documentation shall be retained
by supplier for a period of not less than ten years.

11. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Supplier shall mention this specification number and its revision letter in all quotations and
when acknowledging purchase orders.

12. REJECTION
Parts not welded in accordance with this specification or with authorized modifications will be
subject to rejection.

13. NOTES
The (|) symbol is used to indicate technical and major editorial changes from the previous
issue of this specification.
Dimensions and properties in inch/pound units are primary; dimensions and properties in SI
units are shown as the approximate equivalents of the primary units and are presented only for
information.

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 15
Revision: T

APPENDIX A:
MATERIALS OTHER THAN ALUMINIUM,
MINIMUM DIAMETER OR WIDTH OF WELD (INCHES)

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 16
Revision: T

Materials other than Aluminium

Table 1: Resistance Spot, Seam and Stitch Weld Data for Two and Three Thickness Joints
of Materials Other Than Aluminum

Material Minimum Contacting Minimum Diameter or Minimum Spacing of Welds

Thickness Overlap(1)(2)(4) Width(1) of Weld (centerline to centerline)(1)(3)(4)
Thickness Ratio Seam, Spot and Thickness Ratio
Stitch Weld for all
1:1 to 1.5:1 Over 1.5:1 1:1 to 1.5:1 Over 1.5:1 to
Materials
to 2.5:1 2.5:1
.013 - .018 .240 .290 .100 .280 .330
.019 - .025 .280 .340 .120 .360 .430
.026 - .031 .310 .380 .140 .420 .510
.032 - .037 .340 .410 .160 .490 .590
.038 - .043 .360 .450 .170 .550 .660
.044 - .050 .390 .480 .190 .610 .740
.051 - .062 .440 .540 .210 .740 .890
.063 - .078 .490 .600 .230 .900 1.090
.079 - .093 .530 .660 .250 1.040 1.260
.094 - .125 .620 .760 .290 1.340 1.630
NOTES:
Dimensions are in inches.
1. Where pieces are not of equal thickness, values shall be based on thickness of the
thinner piece, except where the weld involves three or more thicknesses in which case
see Note 4.
2. Values include allowance for weld location tolerances. Dimensions on details and
weldments shall be such that, under adverse tolerances, values for minimum contacting
overlap are maintained.
3. Values are absolute minimum after applying the minus tolerance.
4. Three Thickness Joints: The above data in the table is for two-thickness joints. The
same data is used for welds involving three or more thicknesses provided:
a) Thickness ratio shall be the ratio between the thickness of the thinner section and
the total thickness of all remaining sections.
b) The minimum contacting overlap shall be based on the thickness of the thinner
flanking section.
c) The minimum weld size shall be that for the thinnest piece of the pile-up.
d) The minimum spacing of the welds shall be increased by 30%.

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 17
Revision: T

APPENDIX B:
MATERIALS OTHER THAN ALUMINIUM,
MINIMUM DIAMETER OR WIDTH OF WELD (METRIC)

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 18
Revision: T

Materials other than Aluminium

Table 1: (SI) Resistance Spot, Seam and Stitch Weld Data for Two and Three Thickness Joints
of Materials Other Than Aluminum

Material Minimum Contacting Minimum Diameter or Minimum spacing of welds

Thickness Overlap(1)(2)(4) width(1) of weld (centerline to centerline)(1)(3)(4)
Thickness Ratio Seam, Spot and Thickness Ratio
Stitch Weld for all
1:1 to Over 1.5:1 1:1 to 1.5:1 Over 1.5:1 to
Materials
1.5:1 to 2.5:1 2.5:1
0.330 - 0.457 6.096 7.366 2.540 7.112 8.382
0.483 - 0.635 7.112 8.636 3.048 9.144 10.922
0.660 - 0.787 7.874 9.652 3.556 10.668 12.954
0.813 - 0.940 8.636 10.414 4.064 12.446 14.986
0.965 - 1.092 9.144 11.430 4.318 13.970 16.764
1.118 - 1.270 9.906 12.192 4.826 15.494 18.796
1.295 - 1.575 11.176 13.716 5.334 18.796 22.606
1.600 - 1.981 12.446 15.240 5.842 22.860 27.686
2.007 - 2.362 13.462 16.764 6.350 26.416 32.004
2.388 - 3.175 15.748 19.304 7.366 34.036 41.402
NOTES:
Dimensions are in millimeters.
1. Where pieces are not of equal thickness, values shall be based on thickness of the
thinner piece, except where the weld involves three or more thicknesses in which case
see Note 4.
2. Values include allowance for weld location tolerances. Dimensions on details and
weldments shall be such that, under adverse tolerances, values for minimum contacting
overlap are maintained.
3. Values are absolute minimum after applying the minus tolerance.
4. Three Thickness Joints: The above data in the table is for two-thickness joints. The same
data is used for welds involving three or more thicknesses provided:
a) Thickness ratio shall be the ratio between the thickness of the thinner section and the
total thickness of all remaining sections.
b) The minimum contacting overlap shall be based on the thickness of the thinner
flanking section.
c) The minimum weld size shall be that for the thinnest piece of the pile-up.
d) The minimum spacing of the welds shall be increased by 30%.

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 19
Revision: T

APPENDIX C:
ALUMINIUM,
MINIMUM DIAMETER OR WIDTH OF WELD (INCHES)

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 20
Revision: T

Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys

Table 1: Resistance spot, seam and stitch weld data for two and three thickness joints of aluminum
and aluminum alloys

Material Minimum Contacting Minimum Diameter or Minimum Weld

Thickness(1) Overlap(2)(3)(5) Weld Width(2) Spacing(2)(4)(5)
(Centerline to Centerline)
Thickness Ratio Spot, stitch and seam
1:1 to 2:1 welds
.018 - .020 .375 .110 .375
.0225 - .0275 .400 .130 .400
.0295 - .0345 .500 .140 .440
.037 - .043 .560 .160 .480
.046 - .054 .620 .180 .500
.059 - .067 .700 .200 .560
.067 - .075 .750 .220 .630
.076 - .084 .800 .230 .750
.086 - .094 .850 .240 .850
.095 - .105 .900 .260 .950
.120 - .130 1.000 .280 1.200
.152 - .168 1.250 .320 1.300
.181 - .199 1.400 .350 1.400
Notes:
Dimensions are in inches.
1. For intermediate thicknesses not given, use the nearest smaller thickness.
2. Where pieces are not of equal thickness, values shall be based on thickness of the
thinner piece, except where the weld involves three or more thicknesses, in which case
see Note 5.
3. Values include allowance for weld location tolerances. Dimensions on details and
weldments shall be such that, under adverse tolerances, values for minimum contacting
overlap are maintained.
4. Values are absolute minimum - after applying minus tolerance.
5. Three Thickness Joints: The above data in the table is for two-thickness joints. The same
data is used for welds involving three or more thicknesses provided:
a) Thickness ratio shall be the ratio between the thickness of the thinner section and the
total thickness of all remaining sections.
b) The minimum contacting overlap shall be based on thickness of the thinner flanking
section.
c) The minimum weld size shall be those for the thinnest piece of the pile-up.
d) The minimum spacing of the welds shall be increased by 30%.

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 21
Revision: T

APPENDIX D:
ALUMINIUM,
MINIMUM DIAMETER OR WIDTH OF WELD (METRIC)

CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 22
Revision: T

Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys

Table 1: (SI) Resistance spot, seam and stitch weld data for two and three thickness joints of
aluminum and aluminum alloys

Material Minimum Contacting Minimum Diameter or Minimum Weld

Thickness(1) Overlap(2)(3)(5) Weld Width(2) Spacing(2)(4)(5)
(Centerline to
Thickness Ratio Spot, stitch and seam
Centerline)
1:1 to 2:1 welds
0.457 - 0.508 9.525 2.794 9.525
0.572 - 0.699 10.160 3.302 10.160
0.749 - 0.876 12.700 3.556 11.176
0.940 - 1.092 14.224 4.064 12.192
1.168 - 1.372 15.748 4.572 12.700
1.499 - 1.702 17.780 5.080 14.224
1.702 - 1.905 19.050 5.588 16.002
1.930 - 2.134 20.320 5.842 19.050
2.184 - 2.388 21.590 6.096 21.590
2.413 - 2.667 22.860 6.604 24.130
3.048 - 3.302 25.400 7.112 30.480
3.861 - 4.267 31.750 8.128 33.020
4.597 - 5.055 35.560 8.890 35.560
Notes:
Dimensions are in millimeters.
1. For intermediate thicknesses not given, use the nearest smaller thickness.
2. Where pieces are not of equal thickness, values shall be based on thickness of the
thinner piece, except where the weld involves three or more thicknesses, in which case
see Note 5.
3. Values include allowance for weld location tolerances. Dimensions on details and
weldments shall be such that, under adverse tolerances, values for minimum contacting
overlap are maintained.
4. Values are absolute minimum - after applying minus tolerance.
5. Three Thickness Joints: The above data in the table is for two-thickness joints. The same
data is used for welds involving three or more thicknesses provided:
a) Thickness ratio shall be the ratio between the thickness of the thinner section and
the total thickness of all remaining sections.
b) The minimum contacting overlap shall be based on thickness of the thinner flanking
section.
c) The minimum weld size shall be those for the thinnest piece of the pile-up.
d) The minimum spacing of the welds shall be increased by 30%.

CAGE CODE 00198