B 5 C 2 C 7

wka;¾uOHu jir
mßmd,k kS;sh
ishÆu ysñlï weúßKs'
Y%S ,xld kS;s YsIH ix.uh"
Y%S ,xld kS;s úoHd,h'
l¾;D ysñlu
fuu m%ldYkfha iïmQ¾K wka;¾.;h jHjia:dms; l¾;D ysñlï hgf;a wdrlaId fõ' fuys
jk ´kEu f,aLk fldgil wkjir kej; m<lsÍula l¾;D ysñlï W,a,x>khla fõ'
úhdpkh
fuu m%ldYkh isiqkaf.a wOHdmk wjYH;d fjkqfjka jk yqÿ úIhh mqkÍlaIK wu;r
lshùuls' fuh lsisfia;a foaYk j,g fyda bka b.ekafjk úIhh lreKq j,g wdfoaYlhla
fkdfõ'
iudf,dapk" m%;p s dr iy úfõpk(

wOHdmk f,alï"
Y%S ,xld kS;s YsIH ix.uh"
Y%S ,xld kS;s úoHd,h"
244" wÆ;alfâ ùÈh" fld<U 12'
wOHdmk lñgqj
iNdm;s
budia bï;shdia
f,alïjre
OrKs ùrisxy
ijka;s fmdkakïfmreu
Ñr;s w;a;kdhl
iÑks jks.fialr
wyuâ ß*aLdka
o¾isld ;srel=urkdoka
lñgq idudðlhska
úð; lreKd;s,l
u,s;a msámkdrÉÑ
Iydks uelS
kdÈhd fihskq§ka
ksÆmq,a .,mam;a;s
uOqIs úl%uisxy
ÿ,añKs ,shkf.a
iiañks nKavdr
fkÆï chisxy
w¾cqkal=ud¾ fi,ajrdcd
wukaod wfíisxy
fikd,s Wvq.u
Y%S ,xld kS;s YsIH ix.uh
úOdhl lñgqj - 2017
wkqYdil
.re w.úksiqre m%shidoa fvma
iydh wkqYdil
ckdêm;s kS;s{ bkaÈrd iurisxy
iNdm;s
Okqch iurisxy
Wm iNdm;s
Yïudia .jqia
uyf,alï
y¾IK chr;ak
lksIaG NdKavd.dßl
risl tï' chisxy
wOHdmk f,alï
budia bï;shdia
iydh f,alï
u,ska; chisxy
iudc yd iqnidOk f,alï

ika;=Ia mSßia
ixialdrl
iÑ;a rKisxy
jHdmdr l<ukdlre
b÷ß fmf¾rd
l%Svd f,alï
weka;ks .=Kj¾Ok
iydh wOHdmk f,alï

wukaod wfíisxy
iydh ixialdrl
fikd,s Wvq.u
iydh l%Svd f,alï

i;Hð;a uqKisxy
ks, fkdjk ldrl iNsl" msßñ

uqndrla uqjdiï
ks, fkdjk ldrl iNsl" ldka;d

bkao%pdmd chùr
mßmd,k kS;sh iGuide | www.slllciguide.com
mgqk
mßmd,k kS;sh ye|skaùu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 01
mßmd,k kS;sfha uQ,dY% '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''02
kS;shg wkqj ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 04
jd¾;dj u;=msáka fmfkk fodaI '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''05
n,d;sl%uK kHdh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 07

wkS;sl nj ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 08
wúpdrl;ajh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 12
ld¾hmámdál n,d;sl%uKh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 17
iajNdúl hqla;s uq,O¾u ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''19
iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uhkaf.a ix>gl '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 27
kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdfú uq,O¾uh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 31

ßÜ wd{d ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 37
ßÜ wd{djla ,ndoSug we;s ndOdjka ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''43
wêlrK iudf,dapkfhka neyer lsßu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 47
m%ldYKSh kvqlrh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 55
mßCIK fldñIka iNd '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''57
kS;Hdkql+, ;;a;ajh (locus standi) '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 60

Y%S ,xld kS;s YsIH ix.uh 2017

mßmd,k kS;sh ye|skaùu
rgl rdcH n,h hkak m%Odk wx. 3lska iukaú; fõ' tkï jHjia:dodhlh" úOdhlh yd wêlrKhhs'
jHjia:dodhlh kS;s iïmdokh lrk w;r tys iïmdos; kS;s l%shd;aul lsßu úOdhlh uÕska isÿ flf¾'
wêlrKfha uQ,sl ld¾hh kS;s w¾: ksrEmKh lsßu yd ls%hd;aul lsßu ifudaf,dapk lsßuhs'
19 jk ishji wdrïNfhaoS rgl rdcHh tlS rfÜ ck;djf.a ish¨ wjYH;d bgqlsßu i|yd ne|S isáh hq;=h
hk ixl,amh ìysúh' th zkQ;k iqNidOk rdcH ixl,amhZ hkqfjka ye|skafõ' tys wruqK jkqfha rgl rdcH
úiska ck;djf.a f;dá,af,a isg ñkS j, olajd ish¨ wjYH;d bgql< hq;=h hkakhs' ck;djg wdrCIdj ,ndoSu"
jdiia:dk fidhdoSu" rCId ,ndoSu" wOHdmkh yd fi!LH myiqlï wdoS ish,a, rchla úiska iemhsh hq;=h' wm
rdcHho fuu ixl,amh ms<s.ksñka wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 27 jk j.ka;sh uÕska th ;yjqre lr we;'
kQ;k iqNidOk rdcH ixl,amh ;=, ck;djg by; lS ish¨ myiqlï imhdoSu i|yd jHjia:dodhlh úiska
kS;s iïmdokh l< hq;= w;r úOdhlh uÕska tajd ls%hd;aul l< hq;=h' úOdhlh hkakg wud;Hjre" ixia:d"
rdcH ks<Odßka" wud;HdxY hkdoS ish,a, we;=,;a fõ' úOdhlh uÕska iqNidOk myiqlï iemhSu myiq lsßu
i|yd we;eï wjia:dj, úOdhlhgo hï hï kS;s ß;s mekùug wjia:dj ,ndoS ;sfí' WodyrK jYfhka fudag¾
r:jdyk mkf;a m%;smdok m%ldrj wod, wud;Hjrhdg wjYH hehs yefÕk ß;s iemhsh yel' tjeks
wjia:dj,oS tlS wdh;k fyda mqoa.,hkag hï m%udKhl wNsu;dkqidß n,;, o m%Odkh lr we;' tkï ish
wNsu;h wkqj lghq;= lsßug Tjqkag ksoyila ,efí'
fuf,i úOdhlh uÕska ish n,;, ls%hdlaul lsßu ish wNsu;dkqidß n,h l%shd;aul lsßu kS;suh iSudjla
;=, msysgd ls%hd;aul l< hq;=h' tlS wdh;k j,g ish n,h w;a;fkdau;sl f,i ck;djg mSvdjk whqßka
Ndú;d lsßug wjia:dj ,ndosh fkdyel'
WodyrK( rdcH ueKsla yd iaj¾KdNrK wêldßhg ueKsla .eßu i|yd ´kEu wfhl=g n,m;% ksl=;a
lsßug n,h ,noS ;snqKo rCIs; jkdka;rhla ke;fyd;a b;d jákd iajNdúl mßirhl
ueKsla .eßug wjirh oSu kS;shg mgyeksh'
tjeks wjia:d tkï úOdhlh úiska ish mßmd,k n,h ls%hd;aul lsßu kS;sfha iSudjka ;=, mj;ajd .ekSu
i|yd ks¾udKh lrk ,o kS;sh mßmd,k kS;shhs' tuÕska úOdhlh úiska ish n,h ls%hd;aul lsßfïoS ksis
ffk;sl iSudjka ;=, isg th ls%hd;aul lrkafkao" ish wNsu;dkqidß n,h ksis f,i fhdod .kafkao tuÕska
ck;djf.a iqNidOkh ksis f,i bgq lrkafkao hkak iudf,dapkh lrhs' tu iudf,dapk n,h wêlrKh
i;=hs'
mßmd,k kS;sh w¾: ksrEmkh

tÉ' ví' fõâ
mßm,k kS;sh hkq mßmd,k wêldßka rdcH n,h tys ffk;sl n, iSudj ;=, mj;ajd .ekSuhs'
tia' ta' ä iañ;a

uyck wêldßkaf.a yd úfYaI jHjia:dms; úksYaph iNdj, ixúOdkhg, ixhq;shg,ls%hdldß;aj mámdáhg
yd tlS wdh;k ne|S isák kS;sh yd iuÕ we;sjk ix>glhkag wod, jk kS;sh mßmd,k kS;sh fõ'
i¾ whsj¾ fckska.aia
mßmd,k lghq;= iïnkaO kS;sh mßmd,k kS;shhs'
flkS;a fâúia
mßmd,k m¾Yohkaf.a n,h yd ld¾h mámdáh úfYaIfhka mßmd,k ls%hdjka ms<sn| wêlrKuh md,khg
hg;a lsßula njhs'

1
mßmd,k kS;sfha uQ,dY%
mßmd,k kS;sh hkq rdcH mßmd,khg iïnkaO kS;shhs' fõâ iy f*da¾is;ag wkqj mßmd,k kS;sh hkq rdcH
n,dêldrfha n,h l%shd;aul lsÍu yd rdcldß md,kh flfrk uQ,O¾u moaO;shhs' fuys§ rdcH n,dêldrh
fyda mßmd,k wêldrhg weu;sjreka fyda md¾,sfïka;= mk;a u.ska m;alrk ,o ks,OdÍka yd ks,OdÍ uKav,o
wh;a fõ' mßmd,k kS;sfha uQ,slu wruqK jkafka rdcH n,h rcfha ffk;sl iSudjka ;=<u l%shd;aul lrjd
uyck whs;Ska W,a,x>Kh fkdjk mßÈ wdrlaId lsÍuh' tfukau rdcH n,dêldrh úiska l%shd;aul fkdlrk
rdcldß Tjqka ,jd lrjd .ekSugh'
rdcH n,dêldrh md¾,sfïka;= mk;a w;=re jHjia:d" wdKavql%u jHjia:dj iy fiiq uQ,dY%hkaf.ka ish n,h
,ndf.k uyck;dj fj; fiajh lrhs' jHjia:dms; úêúOdk mßmd,k kS;sfha uQ,slu uQ,dY%h jqjo th tlu
uQ,dY%h fkdjk w;r fjk;a ffk;sl wx.hkaf.a iyfhda.fhka j¾Okh jkafkah'
wdKavql%u jHjia:dj
bx.%Sis fmdÿ kS;sh
lsÍgh i;= mrudêldÍ n,h
uyck;dj iy rdcH wdh;k w;r jk .súiqï
Y%S ,dxlsl úksiqrelD; kS;sh
jHjia:dms; úêúOdk

wdKavql%u jHjia:dj
fuh m%Odk;u mßmd,k kS;s uQ,dY%hhs' rgl wdKavql%u jHjia:dj tu rg md,kh lsÍug wod< uQ,sl iSud
rduqj imhhs' tuksid wdKavql%u jHjia:dj rgl m%Odk;u mßmd,k kS;s uQ,dY%h ùu iajdNdúlh'
jHjia:dms; úêúOdkhkag wkqj rch lghq;= 3la i|yd jk fldgia 3la jYfhka l%shd;aulh'
jHjia:dodhlh - kS;s iïmdokh
úOdhlh - kS;s iïu; lsÍu
wêlrKh - ffk;sl m%;smdok l%shd;aul ùu wëlaIKh
wdKavql%u jHjia:dj úiska ckdêm;sjrhdg iy leìkÜ uKav,hg Tjqkaf.a we;eï n,;, rdcH ks,OdÍka
fj; wNsksfhdackh lsÍug wjir § we;' ta jHjia:dms; m%;smdok njg m;aj we;s fmdÿ m%;sm;a;s iïu;
lr.ekSfï wjYH;dj fjkqfjks' ;jÿrg;a th rgl mßmd,khg j.lsjhq;= m%Odk wêldÍka msysgqjk w;r
tajdg ish n,;, my< mßmd,k jHqyhka fj; wNsksfhdackh lsÍfï n,ho ,ndfohs'
VIII jeks mßÉfÊoh - úOdhlh - wud;H uKav,h
IX jeks mßÉfÊoh - úOdhlh - rdcH ffiajh
mßmd,k wêldÍkays lghq;= iudf,dapkh i|yd jk n,h WmudêlrK moaO;shlao msysgqjd we;'
XV jeks mßÉfÊoh - wêlrKh
140 jHjia:dj - ffyaìhia fldamqia ßÜ wd{d yer fjk;a ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a lsÍfï n,h
ljr jQ fyda uq,a wjia:d wêlrKhl fyda úksYaph wêldrhl fyda fjk;a wdh;khl jd¾;d ffidaÈis lsÍug
iy mÍlaId lsÍug o kS;sh wkqj i¾áffhdrdÍ" ;ykï" fm%disfvkaffvda" ukavduqia iy lafjda fjdrkafgda hk
iajNdfjha jQ ßÜ wd{d hï uq,a wjia:d wêlrKhl úksYaphldrjrhdg ffyda úksYaph wêldrhlg fyda
fjk;a wdh;khlg fyda fjk;a ;eke;a;l=g ffyda úreoaOj m%odkh lsÍug iy ksl=;a lsÍug o iïmQ¾K n,h
yd wêldrh wdKavqlu jHjia:dfõ úêúOdkj,g hg;aj wNshdpkdêlrKhg we;af;a h'
tfia jqj o" md¾,sfïka;=j úiska mkjkq ,nk kS;shlska" ta kS;sfhys oelafjk hï .Khlg wh;a ldrKd
iïnkafOhka fï jHjia:dfõ by;ska u jQ úêúOdkj,ska wNshdpkdêlrKh fj; mejÍ we;s wêlrK n,h
wNshdpkdêlrKh úiska ffkdj" fY%aIaGdêlrKh úiska lshd;aul l< hq;= hehs úêúOdk ie,eiaúh yels h'

154. jHjia:dj - uydêlrKh
154. 4^wd& tlS iEu uydêlrKhlgu" kS;shg wkqj" m<d; we;=<;
(i) hï kS;shla

2
(ii) tu m<d; i|yd msysgqjk ,o m<d;a iNdj úiska idok ,o m%{ma;shla hfg;a n,;, lshd;aul
lrk hï ;ekeka;l=g úreoaOj i¾áfhdardÍ" ;ykï" fm%disfvkaffvda" ukavduqia iy lafjda
fjdrkafgda hk ßÜ wd{dj, iajNdfjha jq wd{d
m<d;a iNd ,ehsia;=fõ olajd we;s hï ldrKhla iïnkafOhka ksl=;a lsÍug wêlrK n,h we;af;a h'

jHjia:dms; úêúOdk
wud;Hjrekag ksYaÑ; úIhh ldrKdjka iïnkaOj ish ks,OdÍ cd,h fhdodf.k lghq;= l<yels ksYaÑ;
wêldßhla mjrk úfYaI jHjia:dms; m%;smdok we;'
WodyrK( ñ, md,k mk;
mk;a n,d;aul lsÍu i|yd ñ, md,k mÍlaIljreka m;alsÍu fj<| wud;Hjrhdg isÿl<
yel'
md¾,sfïka;=j úiska iïu; lr.kakd ,o mk;a yd kS;s hkq mßmd,k kS;sfha jeo.;a uQ,dY%hls' tajd úúO
md,kdêldrhka ia:dmkh lr tajdg iy tajdfhys ks,OdÍkag ish ld¾hhka i|yd wjYH n,h" wNsu;dkqidÍ
n,h iy rdcldÍ Ndrlrhs' mk;a úêúOdk u.ska m<d;a md,k wdh;k iy wfkl=;a rdcH wdh;k j,g
úúOdldr ldrKd i|yd n,h mjrhs'
• wkqmk;a m%isoaO lsÍu'
• úksYaph iNd" ixia:d" uKav, iy fldñIka iNd ia:dmkh lsÍu'
• jHjia:dms; úêúOdk lvlrkakkag o~qjï §u'

bx.%Sis fmdÿ kS;sh
wmg mßmd,k kS;sfha uQ,O¾u Wreu ù we;af;a bx.%Siska yryd bx.%Sis kS;sfhks' mßmd,k kS;sfha iqúfYaIS
fldgia yd iïnkaO fndfyda uQ,O¾uhka tl, bx.%Sis wêlrKhkays ìysúh'
Wod( iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾u
wêlrK ;Skaÿ iudf,dapkfha moku
wNsu;h Ndú;lsÍu
n,d;sl%uK kHdh
wNsksfhdað; wNsu;h wêlrK u.ska md,kh
tuksid bx.%Sis fmdÿ kS;sh mßmd,k kS;sfha uQ,dY%hla jYfhka iqúfYaIS ld¾hNdrhla bgqlrhs'
.eíj we;s iqúfYaIS jeo.;alu ksid we;eï kvq;Skaÿ mßmd,k kS;s uQ,dY% njg m;aj we;'
Ridge v. Baldwin [1964] AC 40
Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd. V. Wednesbury Corporation [1948] 1 KB 223
Anisminic Ltd v. Foreign Compensation Commission [1969] 2 AC 147
hk kvq ;Skaÿ ish rfÜ iSudjkaf.ka Tíng f.dia Y%S ,dxflah mßmd,k kS;sfha ÈhqKqj fjkqfjkao odhl ù
we;' tjeks kvq ;Skaÿ mßmd,k kS;sfha jeo.;a uQ,O¾u ia:dmkh lrk ,o fyhskao" úúO wjia:djkays
mekk.sk úúO .eg¿ ksrdlrKh lrjk fyhskao" wêldÍ n,h iys; hehs lshkq ,efí'
Y%S ,dxlsl úksiqrelD; kS;sh

úúOdldr wjia;djka uq,alrf.k Y%S ,xld wêlrKhka úiska úáka úg ,nd§ we;s we;eï ;Skaÿh'
Peter Atapattu and Others v. People’s Bank and Others [1995] 2 SLR 352
Nakkuda Ali v. M. F. De Jayaratne 51 NLR 457
Mundy v. Central Environmental Authority and Others (SC Appeal 58/2003)
.súiqï
rdcH wdh;k ish ld¾hNdrh w;rjdrfha§ ck;dj iu. iy úúO ixúOdk iu. .súiqï j,g t<öfuka
n,h ,nd.kshs'
WodyrK( ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßh ksjdi l=,shg fok w;r l=,S .súiqfï m%;smdok yryd l=,S ksjeishka
bj;a lsÍug iy l=,sh jeälsÍug n,h ,nd.kshs'

3
kS;shg wkqj
zkS;shg wkqjZ hk fhÿu wm wêlrK moaO;sh u.ska lsysm wjia;djl§u ks¾jpkh lr we;'
1. wêlrK wd{dmk; 1889
2. 1973 wxl 44 orK hqla;s mßmd,k kS;sh
3. 1978 fojk ckrc jHjia:dj
(1) wêlrK wd{dmk; 1889

kS;shg wkqj hk fhÿu m%:u j;djg Ndú; jQfha kS;shg wkqj ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a lsÍfï n,h fYa%IaGdêlrKhg
,ndÿka wêlrK wd{dmkf;a 42 j.ka;sfhah'

Nakkuda Ali v. M. F. De Jayaratne 51 NLR 457
m%sú ljqkais,h úiska frÈms<s md,l lghq;= lr we;af;a úOdhl uÜgñka nj;a wêlrK uÜgulska fkdjk
nj;a tuksid n,m;%h wysñjQ ;erõlreg kvq úNd.hlg whs;shla ke;s nj;a ;SrK lrk ,§' fuu ;SrKh
tjlg mej;s bx.%Sis kS;sh wkqj .kakd ,o w;r thska m%sú ljqkais,h kS;shg wkqj hkak bx.%Sis fmdÿ kS;shg
wkqj f,i w¾:ksrEmKh lrk nj meyeÈ,s úh'
Abdul Thassim v. Edmund Rodrigo 48 NLR 228

by; ;Skaÿj fYa%IaGdêlrKh úiska wkqu; lrk ,o w;r zkS;shg wkqjZ hkq bx.%Sis kS;shg wkqj nj ks¾jpkh
flßK'

(2) hqla;s mßmd,k kS;sh
1889 wêlrK wd{dmk;" hqla;s mßmd,k kS;sfha zkS;shg wkqjZ hkak iys; 7 jk j.ka;sh u.ska wfydais
lrk ,§' kuq;a tu w¾:ksrEmKh jd¾;d.; kvq;Skaÿ j,ska bj;a lr ke;'
(3) 1978 wdKavql%u jHjia:dj

ßÜ j¾.fha wd{d iïnkaOj 140 jHjia:dj we;=¿ jHjia:djka ys§ zkS;shg wkqjZ hkak fhdod.kakd 1978
ckrc wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska 1973 wxl 44 orK hqla;s mßmd,k kS;sh wfydais flßK' fuu jHjia:d
fldgi fkdfhla wjia;djka j,§ wêlrKh úiska újO wkaoug w¾:olajd we;'

State Graphite Corporation v. K. S. P. D. Fernando and Another (1982) 2 SLR 684
Peter Atapattu and Others v. People’s Bank and Others [1995] 2 SLR 352
B. Sirisena Cooray v. Tissa Dias Bandaranayake and Two Others (1999) 1 SLR 1
fuu kvq j,§ fYa%IaGdêlrKh úiska zkS;shg wkqjZ hkq zjHjia:djka u.ska bx.%Sis kS;sh fjkia lrke;s ;dla
bx.%Sis kS;shg wkqjZ hkak f,i ks¾jpkh lr we;'

Mohideen v. Goonewardane [1986] Vol. II Colombo Appellate Law Reports 487
isjd fi,a,hshd úksiqre;=ukag wkqj zkS;shg wkqjZ hkq bx.%Sis fmdÿ kS;sh" bx.%Sis fmdÿ kS;sh fjkialrk ,o
Y%S ,dxlsl jHjia:djka yd 1978$1990 fYa%IaGdêlrK Í;Skah'

Attorney General v. Shirani Bandaranayake S. C. Appeal No. 67/2013,
fuys§ ;Skaÿ jQfha zkS;shg wkqjZ hkq bx.%Sis kS;sh fyda Y%S ,dxlsl jHjia:d u.ska fjkialrk ,o bx.%Sis fmdÿ
kS;sh fyda ñil bx.%Sis jHjia:dms; kS;sh fkdjk njhs'

4
jd¾;dj u;=msáka fmfkk fodaI
jd¾;dj u;=msáka fmfkk fodaI hkq mßmd,k ls%hd wêlrK iudf,dapkhg ,la lsÍug tla fya;=jls' fuh
wkqj hï wêldrhl fyda mqoa.,fhl=f.a mßmd,k ;SrKhlg fya;=j f,i Tjqka olajd ;sfnk fya;= idOl ne,Q
ne,aug jeros iy.; f,i fmfka kï tlS ldrKh wj,x.= lrjd .ekSug wêlrKfha msysg me;sh yelsh
hkakh'
mßmd,k wêldßhl jHjia:dms;j n,h mjrd fokqfha mqoa.,hskaf.a whhs;sjdislï j,g n,mdk lreKq
iunkaOfhka ;SrKhla .ekSu fyda ld¾hhla lsßu ioydh' tjeks lreKq ;SrKh lsßu ioyd isoaêuh lreKq
mej;sh hq;= w;r tajd wêlrKuh lreKq kï fõ' wêlrKuh lreKq iïnkaOfhka isÿ jq jrolg isoaêuh
lreKq iênkaO jrola hehs lshkq ,efí'
isoaOuh lreKq ie<lsh hq;af;a kS;shg tkï n,;, m%odkh lrKq ,enQ jHjia:djg wkql+,jh tkï wod<
isoaêuh lreKq j,g kS;sh wod< l< hq;= w;r th jeros iy.; f,i wod< l<fyd;a kS;suh jrola f,i
i<lkq ,efí' kS;suh jeros wdldr follg isÿúh yelsh' tkï kS;sh ms<sno lreKq jeroshg f;areï .ekSu
yd hï lreKla jeroshg w¾a: ksrEmKh lsßuh'
fmdÿfõ ie<l+ úg kS;suh lreKq yd isoaêuh lreKq w;r fjkila we; ' kuq;a fuu isoaOdka;fhaoS isoêuh
lreKq j, jrola we;súg mjd thg wod< kSs;sh wkqudk lsßu u.ska kS;sh ms<sno jrolao ks¾udKh úh yel'
fuysoS jd¾a;dj hkq l=ulao úia;r l< hq;= w;r th ùrflaiß t' m%kdkaÿ kvqfõoS my; wdldrhg úia;r lr
we;'
• uQ,sl mßlaIKh wdrïN l< ksfhda.h fpdaokdj fyda meñKs,a,
• fomd¾Yjfha idlaIs yd f,aLk
• wod< mßlaIKfhaoS Wmfhda.S lr.;a wksl=;a f,aLk yd idlaIs
• ksfhda.h yd Bg wod< fya;=
jd¾;dj u;=msg fodaI wêslrK iudf,dapkhg ,la l< yels w;r fï ms<sno jeo.;a kvq lsysmhla my;
oelafõ'
Rex v. Nothumberland Compensation Appeal Tribunal Exparty Shaw (1952)1KB338

1949 oS cd;sl fi!LH fiajd uKav,h msysgq ùfuka miq rcfha frday,a j, w;sßla; fiajlhka bj;a lsßu u;
;u /lshdj wysñs ks,Orfhl= frday,a md,l uKav,fhka jkaos b,a,d isáfha
§ uq,ska m<d;a md,k wêldßh hgf;a;a
§ miqj frday,a md,l uKav,h hgf;a;a
lrk ,o fiajhka folu ioydh'
jkaos wNshdpk úksYaph iNdjg tu ld¾hhka folu ie<lSug ,la l< hq;= fr.=,dishla wod< lsßug isÿ fõ'
th fuu fiajd ld, folu i<ld ne,Sug m%;smdok i<id ;snqks' kuq;a Tyqf.a b,a,Su m%;slafIam l< uKav,h
lSfõ jkaos f.ùu ioyd fiajd ld,h ;SrKh lsßfïoS m<d;a md,k wdh;kfhys fiajd ld,h muKla ie<lsh
hq;= njh'
fuh meyeos,s ffk;sl fodaIhla nj ;SrKh l< fvkska idñjrhd m%ldY lf<a ks;shg tfrys jk ks.ukhla
hï m¾Iohla u.ska oS we;s nj ks.ukh fyda ;Skÿa j u; ne,q ne,aug fmkS hk úg fuu md,k n,fhka th
ksIam%N l< yels njh' fujka úgl fïs ioyd i¾aIsfhdardß wd{djla fhdod .; yels njo ;jÿrg;a m%ldY
flreKs'
fuysoS jkaos wNshdpk úksYaph iNdj ,smslref.a fiajd ld, folu i<ld ne,Sug m%;smdok ;snqKo tla fiajd
ld,hla muKla ie<ls,a,g f.k jkaos .Kkh lsßu ksid jd¾;dj u;=msáka fmfkk fodaIhla we;s nj ;SrKh
úh'
Anisminic Limited v. Foreign Conpensation Commisssion (1969) 2AC147

5
1956 oS iQjia w¾nqOh ksid fu isoaêh we;s úh' fuu kvqfõs wNshdpl jq ì%s;dkH iud.u i;+j Bcsma;+fõ
foam,la jq w;r th Bcsma;+ wdKavqj úiska cki;+ lrk ,os' fuysoS Bcsma;+j tu fodaI ioyd jq jkaos miqj
ì%;dkHg f.jk ,os' tu jkaos lïlrejka w;r fnod osu jkaos fldñsiu mk; hgf;a úfoaI jkaos fldñsiug
mejreKs' fldñiu wNshdplhka f.a b,a,su m%;slafIam lrñska lshd isáfha jkaos b,a,sug whs;shla Tjqka i;+
fkdjk njh' ^Bg fya;+ jYfhka oelajqfha foam, j;auka wkqm%dma;slhd Bcsma;+ mqrjeisfhl+ jq neúks' fldñiug
n,h ,enqKq jHjia:dfõ 4 jk j.ka;sh wkqj jkaos b,a,sug yels jqfha weuqKqfï ioyka mqoa.,hkag yd
Tjqkaf.a wkqm%dma;slhkag muKla jq w;r wod, ld, isudj ;+< Tjqka ì%;dkH mqrjeishka ùuo wjYH úh'
tu ;srKh ksIam%Nd lr .ekSug whÿï lrñska fldñsiu wod, jHjia:dms; f,aLkh jeros f,i wrA: ksremKh
lr we;s nj;a ^ffk;sl fodaIhla& th wod, ksfhd.hka oDIHudk jk nj;a lshd isá w;r idñ uKav,h
;srKh lf<a kvqfõ lreKq wkqj jkaos b,a,d isáh yelafla wNshdplhkag ñi Bcsma;+ iud.ug fkdjk njh'
;jÿrg;a m%ldY jqfha jkaos fldñsiu ie,ls,a,g fkd.; hq;+ lreKq ie,ls,a,g .eksu ksid jd¾;dj u;=mákau
fmfkk fodaIhla we;s njh'
fuysos fldñiu wod, jHjia:dms; f,aLk jeros f,i wrA: ksremKh lr we;s nj;a tfiau ie,ls,a,g fkd.;
hq;+ lreKq ie,ls,a,g .eksu ksid jdrA;djla u;+msáskau fodaIhla lrk njh'
uokdhl t' isj{dkiqkaorï

fuysos mqoa.,fhl+ Pkao odhlfhl+ f,i ,shdmosxÑ lsßug iqÿiqo hkak ;srKh lsßfïsos wod, lr .; hq;+
ks;suh m%;smdok wod, fkdlr ÿka ks,Odßhdf.a ;srKh jd¾;dj u;=msáka fmfkk fodaIhla f,i fmkakqï
lrk ,os'
fuu isoaOdka;hg wkqj kS;suh jrola hkak wod, lreKq wod, lr fkd.ekSu yd fkdwod, lreK wod, lr
.eksu nj kvq ;skaÿ wOHkfhkao fmkshhs' fuysos jeo.;a lreKq jkafka ks;suh jro nrm;, ks;suh jrola
ùu wjYH fkdfõ' tfukau ir, meyeos,s ks;shla jeros f,i w¾: ksrEmKh lr ;sîuo wjYH fkdfõ' wjYH
jkqfha ne,q ne,aug fmfkk jrola ùu muKs'
fuysos ;srKhlg fya;+ oelaùfï wjYH;dj hkako fuu jd¾;dj u;=msg fodaI hkafkaoS wjOdrKh flf¾' ukao
ksfhd.hg wod, fya;+ fkdoelaùsfuka jd¾a;dj u;=msg fodaIhla we;s jk njg wm wêlrK ;srK ,ndos we;s
neúks' Bg WodyrK f,i
§ lrúg t wfír;ak
§ Sammy V Rent Board Kadugannawa
§ Weerasinghe V Commissioner of National Housing
jd¾;dj u;=msg fodaIhla fmfkk úfgl th ksIam%N lsßug wm wêlrK ue,s fkdjk nj by; lreKq j,ska
ikd: fõ'

6
n,d;sl%uK kHdh
mßmd,k ls%hd wêlrK iudf,dapkhg ,la flfrk wfkla fya;=j kï n,d;sl%uKhhs' n,d;sl%uKh l%u
lSmhlg isÿfõ' tu wdldr iïnkaOj my; kvqfõ§ bÈßm;alrk ,o j¾.SlrKh fï iïnkaOj ms<s.efkk
fmdÿ iïuq;shhs'

The Council of Civil Services Union (CCSU) v. Minister for the Civil Service 1985 AC 374
fuu kvqfõoS ämaf,dla idñjrhd úiska n,d;sl%uKh ms<sn|j jk j¾.SlrKhla y÷kajd fok ,os' th my;
mßos h'
yrhd;aul n,d;sl%uKh
§ wkS;sl nj
§ wúpdrl;ajh
ld¾h mámdál n,d;sl%uKh

§ ld¾h mámdál kqiqÿiqlu
§ iudkqmd;sl;ajh ^,xldfõ Ndú; fkdjkakls'&
fuys wkS;sl;dj hkakg n,h fkdue;sj ls%hd lsßu" n,h blaujd ls%hd lsßu" n,h whq;= f,i fhoùu yd
kS;Hdkql+, fkdjk n,h mejßu ^wNsksfhdackh& wh;ah'
fuys wúpdrl;ajh hkakg wfya;=l;dj" fkdukd wruqKq yd wkql+, fkdjk lreKq ie,lSu hkak we;=,;ah'
wNsu;h ksis f,i ls%hd;aul fkdlsßu" tfukau ndysr kS;sj,ska iSudù wNsu;h ls%hd;aul lsßu" kuHYS,S fkdù
m%;sm;a;s ksl=;a lsßuo Bg we;=,;ah'
ld¾h mámdál kqiqÿiqlu hkafkysoS olajd we;s ld¾hmámdál kS;Ska wkq.ukh fkdlsßu yd iajNdúl hqla;s
uQ,O¾uhka wkq.ukh fkdlsßuo we;=,;ah'
flfia fj;;a fuu j¾.SlrKh uÕska ;jÿrg;a n,d;sl%uK kHdfha wvx.= wx. úia;rd;aul j¾.SlrKhlg
hg;a lr we;s nj fmfka' kuqÿ fuu ämaf,dla idñjrhd olajk ,o lreK b;d m%fhdackj;a j¾.SlrKhla
jkafka mßmd,k ;SrK wêlrK iudf,dapkhg ,laùfïoS tu wx. l=ula hg;g jefÜo" wka;¾.; fõo hkak
i,ld ne,SfïoSh'

7
wkS;sl nj
yrhd;aul n,d;sl%uKfha m<uq j¾.h wkS;sl njh'

^1& n,h fkdue;sj l%shd;aul ùu
^2& n,h wNsnjd l%shd;aul ùu
^3& n,h whq;= f,i fhoùu
n,h fkdue;sj l%shd;aul ùu

hï wêldßhla ;ukag fkdue;s n,;, fhdod.ksñka ls%hd lsßu n,d;sl%uKhhs' hï jHjia:dms; wêldßhla
Tjqkag wod, fkdue;s ldrKd iïnkaOj lghq;= lr ;sîu f,io oelaúh yelsh'
jhsÜ iy fld,skaia t' fi!LH wud;H 1939 2 SLR 838

tla;rd foaYSh mßmd,k wêldßhlg mqoa.,sl WoHdkhl f.j;a;l fyda úfkdao ls%Svd msáhl fldgila fkdjk
hï bvula mjrd.ekSug n,h mjrd oS ;snqKs' tlS m%;smdok hgf;a wud;HdxYfha wjirh u; tlS mßmd,k
wêldßh hï bvula mjrd.kakd ,o w;r th mqoa.,sl WoHdkhl fldgils' fm;aiïlrejka úiska tu bvu
tla;rd mqoa.,sl WoHdkhl fldgila jkafkah hk moku u; tlS mjrd.ekSu iïnkaO wêlrK iudf,dapkhla
b,a,Sh'
fuysoS wêlrKh m%ldY lf<a wod, úIh iïnkaO hï bvula mqoa.,sl WoHdkhl fldgila jkafkao hkak
mßCId lsßug yd iudf,dapkhg ,la lsßug wêlrKhg n,hla we; hkqfjks' wêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a n,h
fkdue;sj lghq;= lsßula njhs'
Rex v. Bardfer
fuysoS uydud¾. ñkskafodrefjl=g lekSï lghq;= i|yd bvï w;am;alr .ekSug n,h oS ;snqKs' kuq;a Tyqg
tfia n,h ,nd oS ;snqfKa WoHdkhl fkdjk bvï w;am;alr .ekSu i|yd úh fï n,h m%ldrj Tyq úiska
bvula w;am;alr .;a kuq;a th WoHdkhl fldgila úh' ta wkqj fm;aiïlre tubvu WoHdkfha fldgila
f,i ;¾l lrñka tu w;am;a lr .ekSug tfrysj i¾isfhdardß ßÜ wd{djla b,a,Sh'
wêlrKh tysoS olajd isáfha th WoHdkhl fldgila fõo hkak iudf,dapkhg n,h wêlrKh i;= jk nj;a
ta wkqj wod, bvu WoHdkhl fldgila nj;a ta wkqj ke;s n,hla ls%hd;aul lsßu ksid th n,d;sl%uKhla
nj;ah'
Rex v. Home Secretary Exparte Budd 1942 2 KB 14

1947 ì%;dkH úfoaYslhka iSudlsßfï mk; hgf;a úfoaYslfhda msgqjy,a lsßfï n,h iajfoaY f,alï i;=úh'
wêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a msgqjy,a l< mqoa.,hd iajfoaYslo$ úfoaYslo hkak iudf,dapkh lsßfï n,h
wêlrKhg ysñ njh'
Ladamuttupillai v. AG 59 NLR 313

bvï w;am;alr .ekSfï mk; hgf;a lDIsld¾ñl bvul fldgila fyda uq¿ukskau mjrd.ekSug
flduidßiajrhd úiska ;SrKh lrk ,o w;r we;a; jYfhkau tu bvu j.d bvula fkjkafkah hk moku
u; flduidßiaf.a ;SrKh wêlrKh bosßfha wNsfhda.hg ,la lrk ,os' fY%aIaGdêlrKh fuysoS m%ldY lf<a
wêlrKhg mk;g wkqj mjrd .ekSug kshñ; hï bvula mkf;a w¾: ksrEmKhg wkqj j.d bvula fõo
hkak ksßCIKh lsßug n,;, we;s njh'
Kandy Omni Bus Company Ltd v. Roberts 56 NLR 293

tla;rd ks<Odßfhl=g nia Odjkh i|yd n,m;% m%Odkh lsßug fyda m%;sfCIam lsßug jHjia:djla uÕska n,h
mjrd ;snqKs' tu ks,Odßhd úiska wod, nia r:h uÕska uykqjr k.r iSudj ;=,oS uÕSka kxjd .ekSu neiaùu
fkdl< hq;=h hk fldkafoaishg hg;aj wod, n,m;%h ksoyia lrk ,os' wêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a tu ks<Odßhdg
n,h ;snqfKa n,m;% ksl=;a lsßug fyda m%;sfCIam lsßug muKla jk ksid n,m;%hg tl;= l< fldkafoais
n,d;sl%uKhla jk njhs'

8
n,;, wNsnjd ls%hd;aul ùu

hï wêldßhla úiska Bg ,ndoS we;s n,;,j, iSudj blaujd ls%hdlsßu fï hgf;a i,ld nef,a' fuysoS
jHjia:dms; wêldßhlg hï lreKla lsßu i|yd n,h we;s nj u;=msáka fmfkk kuq;a .eUqßka ne,Q úg th
wêldßh fhdodf.k we;s uÜgu olajd jHdma; fkdfõ'
AG v. Fulham Corporation 1921 1 CH 440

mq,ayeïys fmare ljqkais,fha ks<Odßka úiska kd.ßl f,dkavßhla msysgqùug lghq;= lr we;' kuq;a 1846 yd
1847 ia:dk yd fodajk ia:dk mk;ska kd.ßl ixia:djg mjrd we;af;a ;ukaf.a we÷ï fidaod .ekSug
mqoa.,hkag myiqlï imhk ia:dkhla msysgqùugh' tfy;a mq,ayeï kd.ßl ixia:d ks<Odßka msysgqjd ;snqfKa
f,dkavßhla fyhska th ,ndoS we;s n,h blaujd lghq;= lsßula f,i wêlrKh ;SrKh lrk ,os' ^n,h
f,dkaä%hla msysgqùu olajd úysfokafka ke;'&
Maximum’s Properties Ltd v. Chertsey UCD 1964 1 QB 214

j.W;a;rldr iud.ug lerjEka jHdmD;shla mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd jHjia:dms; n,h mjrd ;snqKs' fulS
n,h mdúÉÑ lsßfïoS wod, Chertey iud.u lerjEka nÿlrejka yg hï fldkafoaishla mkjd ;snqKs' tlS
nÿlrejka fuf,i fldkafoais mekùu Chertey iud.u fj; ysñjQ n,;, blaujd lghq;= lsßulah hk moku
u; wêlrKfhaoS wNsfhda.hg ,laflreKs' wêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a fuf,i ljqkais,h úiska fldkafoais mekùu
n,;, blaujd lghq;= lsßula jYfhks' lerjEka jHdmD;sh mj;ajdf.k hdug ÿka n,h thg fldkaofis oeóu
olajd úysfokafka ke;s nj wêlrKh olajk ,os'
Broley London Barruw Concil v. Greater London Council 1982 2 WLR 62

iliqrejï iys; m%jdyk fiajdjla mj;ajdf.k hdug Greater London Council fj; jHjia:dms;j mjrd fokq
,enQ n,h u; wod, ljqkais,h nia .dia;= my< oeóug ;SrKh l< w;r we;sjk ks,mdvqj mshjd.ekSug
whlrk nÿ uqo,a jeä lrk ,os' nÿlrejka wêlrKh yuqfõ fulS ;SrKh wNsfhda.hg ,la l< w;r
wêlrKh m%ldY lf<a nÿlrejka u; jeä nrla megùfuka Greater London Council n,;, blaujd lghq;=
lr we;s njh' ukao iliqrejï m%jdyk fiajdjla f.k hdug n,;, mjrdoSfïoS ta i|yd jeä nÿnrla mgjd
nia .dia;= wvq lsßug n,h mjrd oS fkd;snqKs' ^nia.dia;= wvqlr thska we;s jk mdvqj mshjd .ekSug nÿ wh
lsßug n,h ke;'&
Rex Vs Exparte Leech 1994 QB 190

fuh isrlrejkag ish ryiHNdjh wdrCIdlr .ekSug we;s whs;sh yd iïnkaO kvqjls' isrlrejkag ;u
kS;S{jrhd yd mj;ajk iïnkaO;djhkaf.a ryiHNdjh wdrCIdlr .ekSug whs;sh ;snqKo tx.,ka;fha
1964 nkaOkd.dr kS;s moaO;sfha 33 jk j.ka;sh uÕska nkaOkd.dr wêldßkag wjYH;djhla we;s jqjfyd;a
fulS ,shú,s j, ioaNdjh mßCId lsßug tajd lshúh yels njg m%;smdok u; mokïj nkaOkd.dr wêldßka
úiska újD; lrkq ,en ;snQ w;r tu ls%hdj n,d;sl%uK kHdh hgf;a wêlrKfhaoS wNsfhda.hg ,laflreKs'
fuysoS wêlrKh m%ldY lf<a tlS m%;smdokhg wkqj isrlrejkaf.a ,sms lshjd ne,Sug nkaOkd.dr wêldßkag
n,h mjrd ;snqKo th l< yelafla ioaNdjh mßCId lsßug muKs' wod, wjia:dfõoS kS;S{jrhd úiska hejQ
,smsh nkaOkd.dr wdrCIl ls%hdud¾.hkag mjrd ÿka n,h kS;S{jrekaf.ka ,efnk ,smso olajd me;sreKq
n,hla fkdfõ'
Roberts Vs Mayor of Kandy 59 NLR 1

nia r: i|yd n,m;% ksl=;a lsßug n,h ;snQ ks<Odßhd k.rfha oelajQ k.r iSudjka ;=, uÕSka neiaiùu $
kxjd.ekSu l< fkdyelsh hk fldkafoais u; n,m;% ksl=;a lsßug ish n,;, blauùula nj m%ldY úh'
West Minister Corporation Vs London North Western Railway 1905 AC 426

fuysoS jHjia:dms; mßmd,k wêldßka fj; hï wruqKla fjkqfjka n,h mjrd oS we;s úg tu n,;, tlS
wruqK fjkqfjka fhdodf.k we;akïo ta w;r;=r oaú;shsl wruqKla bgqùu n,;, blauùula fkdjk njg
wêlrKh ;SrKh lrk ,os'

9
n,h whq;= f,i fhdod.ekSu

jHjia:dms; mßmd,k wêldßhla úiska thg n,h mjrd fokq ,enQ wruqKla fkdjk wruqKla i|yd n,h
fhoSfuka fulS isoaOdka;h we;s fõ'
Mincipal Council of Sydney v. Campbell 1925 AC 333

fkdukd wruqKq i|yd n,h fhoùu n,h whq;= f,i fhoùuls' isâks k.rh ixj¾Okh lsßu i|yd mdrj,a
;ekSu jeks jHdmD;Ska Wfoid wjYHjk bvï wksjd¾hfhkau mjrd .ekSug Mincipal Council of Sydney fj;
jHjia:dms;j n,;, mjrd oS ;snqKs' fuf,i mjrd.kq ,enQ tla bvul whs;slre ;udf.a bvu mjrd.kq
,enQfha fmrlS wruqKq i|yd fkdj bvïj, jákdlu by, hñka ;snQ ksidh hk moku u; tu mjrd .ekSu
wNsfhda.hg ,lalrk ,os' ljqkais,fha ls%hdj wfhda.H wruqKla Wfoid lrk ,o njg fm;aiïlre ;¾l lrk
,o w;r we;a; jYfhkau k.rfha iuyr ùos j, ;snQ bvï j, ñ, by< hñka mej;=k's fuu lreKqo Tyq
úiska wod, bvfuys f.dvkxjkakg kshñ;j ;snQ ks¾udKhl ie,eiau bosßm;a fkdlsßuo i,ld ne,Q
wêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a fm;aiïlref.a lreKq oelaùu i;H njh'
Rex v. Secretary of the State for Home Dept. Expert fire Brigades Union 1995 2 Ac
w;a;fkdau;slj ls%hdlsßu uÕskao n,h whq;= f,i fhoSu isÿfõ' iajfoaY f,alïjrhdg wmrdO úksYaph mk;
hgf;a jHjia:dms; mokula hgf;a mj;akd jHdmD;shla ^wmrdO úkaos;hkag jkaos ,ndoSug l%uhla we;s lsßu&
we;s lsßug n,;, mjrd ;snqKs' ta i|yd weu;s jrhd úiska mj;akd jHdmD;shg ;j;a jkaos f.ùu
iïnkaOfhka jHdmD;s lSmhla w;a;fkdau;sl f,i y÷kajd fok ,os' kuq;a wêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a th
jHjia:dfõ wruqKg m%;súfrdaë jk njh'
West Minister Co-operation Vs London North Western Railway 1905 AC 426

uydud¾.h háka jeisls,s iEoSug m,d;a md,k wdh;kh i;= n,h Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka ta iuÕu uydud¾.fha
tla mil isg wfkla mig hdug WuÕla idok ,os' m,d;a md,k wdh;kfha fuu ls%hdj jHjia:dms; úêúOdkhla
lvfkdl< ksid n,h blaujd lrk ,o lghq;a;la fkdjk nj ;SrKh lf<ah' tu kvqfõoS fyd,aianß idñ
m%ldY l< mßos m,d;a md,k wdh;kh ;ud l< ls%hdj oS we;s n,h ;=, ;u wNsu;h Ndú;d lr we;s wdldrh
m%YaK lsßfï n,h wêlrKh i;= fkdfõ'
tkï jeisls,s iEoSug we;s n,h Wv ;u wNsu;h fufyhjñka tys yevh ia:dkh m%udKh wdosh ;SrKh
lsßug n,h we;s njh tfiau m,d;a md,k wdh;kh ioaNdjfhka ls%hdl< nj Tmamq lsßug kï th úfYaI
ia:dkhg we;a; jYfhkau wjYH fkdjQ jeisls,shla iEoSfuka yd ta uqjdfjka mdr yryd mekSfï uÕla we;s
lr .kakg WuÕla idok ,oafoa hehs oslaúh hq;=h' flfia jqjo fuu kvqj wdY%s;j fulS wfhda.H wruqKq
ms<sn|j isoaOdka;hg jeo.;a jH;sf¾Lhla y÷kd ,kakd ,os'
fuu kvqfõoS West minister Corperation fj; mej;s uQ,sl wruqK jQfha w;=re ud¾. j, .sukay,a boslßu
wfhda.H wruqKq ls%hd;aul lsßula jYfhka ;SrKh lsßug bv ;snqKs' tfia kuq;a uQ,sl wruqKg w;sf¾L
wruqKla iïnkaOfhka kS;suh úfrdaO;djla bosßm;a lsßug m%udKj;a njla fkdue;s nj ñka meyeos,s úh
fulS wfhda.H wruqKq ms<sn| isoaOdka;fha iSudùula nj fmfka'
uydpd¾hh tia' ta' ä iañ;a úiska wfhda.H wruqKq mßmd,k wêldßhl wNsm%dh jk jHjia:dms;j olajd we;s
m%Odk wruqKla fjkalr y÷kd .ekSfï mßCIdjka 3 la bosßm;a lr we;'
1 jHjia:dms;j mßmd,k wêldßhla fj; hï wruqKla fjkqfjka n,;, mjrdfokq ,en we;súg tlS
n,;, tu wruqK fjkqfjka fhdodf.k we;akï ta w;r ;=r fjk;a oaú;ahsl wruqKlao bgqù we;akï
th fkdi,ld yeßh hq;=h'
2 jHjia:dms; m%Odk wruqK bgqj ;sfíoehs ne,sh hq;=h'
3 wruqfKys iajNdjh y÷kd.ekSu ;=,ska th jHjia:dms; wruqKo hkak ;SrKh l< hq;=h'
Webb v. Minister of Housing & Local Government 1 WER 1964

bvula ñ, .ekSfï ksfhda.hla ksl=;a lsßug m%:u bvu mjrd ,ekSug yelsoehs fidhdne,Su wksjd¾hfhkau
l< hq;=h' kuq;a tfia úuiSula fkdlsßu wkq.uH ld¾h mámdál n,h blaujd lghq;= lsßula nj ;SrKh úh'

10
Padfield v. Minister of Agriculture, Fishenes & Food 1966 AC 997

fuysoS jHjia:dj,g wkqj weu;sjrekag wNsu;Sh n,;, ,eî ;snqfKa tu jHjia:dfõ wruqKg;a md¾,sfïka;=fõ
wruqKg;a wkql+,j ls%hd lsßugh' tu mkf;a wruqKq yd m%;sm;a;a j,g msáka ls%hd lsßu ^n,h whq;= f,i
fhoùu& n,d;sl%uKh nj ;SrKh úh'
,xldfõoS wod, jk wdldrh

by; oelajQ mßos wm mßmd,k kS;sh fndfyda ÿrg bx.S%is kS;sh u; mokïj we;s w;r iuyr wjia:dj,oS
bx.S%is kS;sh wod, mßos fjkia ù we;s kuq;a wm kS;sh tfiau mj;sk nj fmfka'
WodyrKhla f,i bx.S%is kS;sh hgf;a úúO mqoa.,hkag yd wdh;kj,g wêlrK úu¾YKhg hg;aj fmdÿ
lghq;= i|yd bvï w;alr .ekSug n,h mjrd oS we;;a wm kS;sh hgf;a tfia l< yelafla bvï weu;sg
muKs'
;jo wm kS;sh hgf;a tfia l< yelafla bvï w;am;alr .ekSfï mk; hgf;a wod, weu;sjrhd hï bvula
fmdÿ lghq;a;la i|yd mjrd.; hq;= hehs .eiÜ m;%fha m,fldg m%ldY l< miq th wêlrK úo¾YKhlg
Ndckh l< fkdyels nj fY%aIaGdêlrKh ;SrKh lr we;'
Gamage Vs Minister of Agriculture 76 NLR 25
Gunawardena Vs District Revenue officer weligma korrale 73 NLR 333

fmdÿ lghq;a;la i|yd wksjd¾h bvï mjrd .ekSula isÿjQ w;r fm;aiïlref.a b,a,Sï mßos ta i|yd jkaos
uqo,lao m%Odkh lrk ,os' miqj bvu mjrd.ekSfï wruqK id¾:l fkdjQ w;r ta u; mjrd.ekSfï ld¾h
mámdáh kS;Hdkql+, fkdjk nj;a mjrd.ekSu wfydais lrk f,i;a b,a,d kvq mjrk ,os' fuysoS wêlrKh
m%ldY lf<a bvu mjrd.;a wruqK fjkia lsßug rchg yels njh' fuu woyiu Fernando v. Dayarathna
(1991) 25 NLR 129 ysoSo olajd we;'
Manel Fernado Vs Minister of Lands (2000)1SLR 112

ysoS fuu u;h fjkia lrñka wêlrKh m%ldY lf<a bvï mjrd .ekSfï mkf;a 2^4& j.ka;sh wkqj ñkau;=
wod, bvu mjrd .kakd fmdÿ lghq;a; l=ulao hkak wud;Hjrhd oelaúh hq;=h' fï ms<sn| ,xldfõ ;;a;ajh
fuu kvqfjka miq bx.S%is kS;sh yd iudk ;;a;ajhlg f.kú;a we;'

11
wúpdrl;ajh
u;=jk wjYH;dj mßÈ fhdod.ekSug yels wNsu;dkqidÍ n,hla mßmd,k wêldÍka fj; mj;sk nj ms<s.;a
u;hls' kuq;a kS;sfha wdêm;Hh ia:dms; ùug ishÆ n,;, ffk;sl iSudjka ;=, mej;Su w;HjYHh' tuksid
ffk;sl m%;smdok mj;ajd .ekSfï§" mßmd,k wêldÍka úiska wNsu;dkqidÍ n,h l%shd;aul lsÍu md,kh
lsÍug iy tu wêldÍka úiska wúpdrj;a ;SrK .ekSu je<laùug wjYH Í;Ska jeäÈhqKq lr we;'
wúpdrl;ajh yrhd;aul n,d;sl%uKfha fojk j¾.h h'
wfya;=l;dj
wfya;=l;dj hkak hï mßmd,k wêldßka ish ;SrK .ekSfïoS wkjYH lreKq u; mokï jQ ;SrK yd wjYH
lreKq w;ayer .;a ;SrK f,i ú.%y l< yelsh'
Roberts v. Hopwood’s Inre Borough Council Case 1925 AC 578

fndfrda ljqkais,h úiska Tjqkaf.a fiajlhkag i;shlg mjqï 4 l wju jegqma l%uhla y÷kajd fok ,os' tys
m%;sM,hla jYfhka csjk úhouo my; jegqKs' ljqkais,hg Tjqka m%udKj;a hehs kshu lrk jegqma uqo, ks¾Kh
lsßug yd fiajlhkag f.ùug jHjia:dms;j n,h mjrd ;snqKs' tfia jqjo cSjk úhou my; jegqKo ljqkais,h
wju jegqma m%udKh fjkia lrkq ,enqfõ ke;' fuksid ljqkais,fha fiajlhka widOdrK jegqmla ,nk njg
fpdaokdjla bosßm;a úKs'
idñ uKav,h bosßfha uq,a m%YaKhu wfya;=Ndjh mokï lr.ksñka idlÉPdjg Ndckh jqKs' tla w;lska
iud.ï fiajlhka ;u whs;sjdislï fjkqfjka bosßm;a jQ w;r wfkla w;g nÿf.jkakka Tjqkaf.a whs;sjdislï
fjkqfjka bosßm;a úKs'
úksiqre uvq,a, woyia oelajQ mßos fuu ls%hd ud¾.h ;=,oS ljqkais,h Y%u fj<|fmd, ms<sn| m%udKj;a
wjOdkhlska lghq;= lr ke;' Y%u fj<|fmd< idOlhla u; cSjk úhou my, nisk nj ie,ls,a,g .ekSug
th wfmdfydi;a ù we;' fuksid ljqkais,h ish n,h mdúÉÑ lsßfïoS úpCI;djh ls%hd;aul ùug wfmdfydi;a
ùfuka
1 wod, lreKq ie,ls,a,g .ekSug wfmdfydi;a ùu'
2 wkjYH lreKq ie,ls,a,g .ekSu u; ljqkais,fha ls%hdud¾. widOdrK ùu'
fï yd iudk ;;a;ajhla London Borough Council v. Greader London Council kvqfõoS o idlÉPd úh'
Rex v. Somerset Country Council 1995 1 WER 1037

wjYH bvï j, jeäoshqKqjg yd ixj¾Okh i|yd tu bvï j, ovhï lsßu ;ykï lsßug n,h m,d;a md,k
wêldßhg mjrdoS ;snqKs' tu wêldßh ovhï lsßu iodpdr úfrdaëh hk lreKq u; kS;s mekùu olajd
fkdue;s fkdukd wruqKla i|yd kS;s mekùula hehs wêlrKh oelaùh'
Rex v. Secretary of State for Foreign & Common Wealth Affairs 1995 1 WER 386
kvqfõoS wod, n,Odßhdg ixj¾Okh jk rgj,g wdOdr ksl=;a lsßug n,h úh' u,hdishdfõ m¾.djQ kï
fõ,a,la (Pergau Dam) boslsßug tu rchg wdOdr ,ndfok ,o w;r óg fya;= f,i rcfha uyf,alïjrhd
m%ldY lf<a u,hdishdj yd tlai;a rdcOdksh w;r oaúmd¾Yùh in|;d f.dvke.Suh' fuu ;SrKh yd
iïnkaOj bx.S%is uyck w¾:idOl lkavdhula úiska wêlrKh i,ld ne,Sula whosk ,os'
wfya;=;djh ms<sn| kHdh fjkaianß isoaOdka;h

hï ;SrKhla idOdrK ;eke;af;l= lsisod fkdfhk ;SrKhlg t<òfuka th wêlrK iudf,dapkhg fhfoa'
fya;=l;djh fyda wfya;=l;djh ms<sn| kHdh Wednesbury Corporation kvqfõoS bosßm;a jQ njg úYajdihla
;snqKo fuu kHdh m<uqj bosßm;a jQfha Roberts v. Hopwood’s kvqfõoSh' kuq;a Wednesbury Corporation
kvqfõoS fuu kHdh jvd ia:dms; jQ njg ms<s.efka'

Associated Provincial Picture House Ltd v. Wednesbury Corporation 1948 1 KB 223
Wednesbury Corp. fj; jHjia:djla hgf;a iskudYd,d mj;ajdf.k hdug wjir m;a ksl=;a lsßug n,h
mjrd ;snqKs' ^fhda.H yd iqÿiq hehs isf;k fldkafoais j,g hg;aj& fï hgf;a Tjqka fm;aiïlreg wjirm;a
12
ksl=;a lrk ,o w;r iskud Yd,djg wjqreÿ 16 g wvq <uqka we;=,;a lr fkd.; hq;= njg fldkafoishla
mkjd ;snqKs fm;aiïlre fuu ;yku wfya;=l njg ;¾l lrk ,os'
fuu kvqj i,ld ne,Q .%Ska úksiqre;=ud úiska wfya;=lNdjh ;SrKh lsßug wod,j my; fhdackdjka bosßm;a
lrk ,o w;r tajd fjkaianß isoaOdka;h f,i ye|skafõ'
1 mßmd,k wêldßh uq¿ukskau ,sÅ; kS;shg wkqj lghq;= l< hq;=h'
2 mßmd,k wêldßh u;=ù we;s m%YaK iïnkaOfhka ish wjOdkh fhduql< hq;=h'
3 mßmd,k wêldßh wkjYH lreKq ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuka je,lsh hq;=h'
fuu kvqfõoS fjkaianß isoaOdka;hka i,ld n,ñka tjka iSudjka mekùu fya;=iy.; nj wêlrKh ;SrKh
lrhs' ;jo fuu mßCIkKh mj;ajkafka fya;= oelaúh yels îdOdrK& wêldßhla úiska fok ;SrKhlg iudk
hehs fiùu ñila wod, ;SrKh wfya;=lhehs fiùug fkdjk njg mejiSh' fya;=iy.; mßCIdj fyj;a
fjkaianß mßCIKh wo olajd mj;S'

Rex v. Greenwich London Borough Council
ysoS ;SrKh jQ mßos ;SrKhla wfya;=l f,i lsj yelafla tu ;SrKh oreKq fyda idyisl ù lsis÷ isysnqoaêh
we;af;l= fkdms<s.kakd úgh' fuysoS fjkianß isoaOdka;h iaj,am jYfhka fjkial< w;r wfya;=lNdjh
mßCIKh fjkqjg wioaNdjh ms<sn| mßCIKh y÷kajd fok ,os'

Rex v. Secretary of State for Defense expert Smith 1996 1 AER 257
fuysoS yuqod fid,aodÿjka lsysm fofkl= iu,sx.sl weiqfrys ksr; wh r|jd ;nd .ekSu yuqod kS;shg mgyeksh
hk mokñka yuqodfjka neyer flreKs'
fuysoS ;jÿrg;a fjkaianß isoaOdka;fha kuHYS,SNdjh ms<s.kakd ,o w;r foaYSh fukau wka;¾cd;sl uyck
u;h iu,sx.sl in|;d ms<sn|j orK wdl,amh i,ld ne,qKs' 1993 wmrdO úksYaph yd h:d mej;=ï mk;
uÕska m%;smdos; wdldrhg isú,a kS;sh hgf;a iu,sx.sl p¾hdjka kS;súfrdaë fkdjqjo yuqod kS;sh hgf;aoS th
kS;súfrdaë úh yels jQ w;ru fiajfhka mylsßugo fya;=jla úh yels njh' my; lreKq fuysoS ie,ls,a,g
.; hq;=j ;snQ nj wêlrKfha woyi úh'
1 yuqodj ;=, hym;a úkhla mj;ajd.ekSug iu,sx.sl p¾hdjkag bvoSu m%n, ndOlhla ùu'
2 j.W;a;rlrejkag wod, fm;aiïlrejka fiajfhka mylsßu yer ta iïnkaOfhka fjk;a ls%hdud¾.hla
.;yelsj ;sîu'
flfia jqjo ;jÿrg;a wêlrKh m%ldY lf<a uyck u;h jeks m%n, idOlhla biau;= jk úg mßmd,k ;SrK
ms<sn| wêlrK iudf,dapkh jvd ÿria: fyda wêlrKfhka iajdhla; úh yels njh' tuksid fuh wêlrK
iudf,dapkhg ,la fkdlrk ,os'
fuu fjkaianß isoaOdka;h YS% ,xldfõo ms<sf.k we;s nj my; kvq ;Skaÿ uÕska wjfndaO fõ'
Mohomed v. Land Reform Commissioner 1996 2 SLR 124

fm;aiïlre Land Reform Commissioner uÕska bvula f.k udislj l=,S f.jñka ;snqKs hï uqo,a m%udKhla
f.ùug wfmdfydi;a ùu u; Tyqg bvfuka bj;a jk f,i Land Reform Commissioner uÕska (Ilenels
Recovery of Posession Act 1/1979 ) oekqïoS ;snqKq úg Tyq th m%;sfCIam flreKs'
t wkqj
1 fm;aiïlre udisl l=,shg isá ksid bj;a ùfï ksfhda.h j,x.= fkdfõ'
2 fuu bj;a ùfï ksfhda.h ksl=;alr ;snqfKa ksis iudf,dapkhlska miqj fkdfõ'
3 fuu ksfhda.h fjkaianß isoaOdka;h wkqjo widOdrKh'
fm%aupkaø t chúl%u 1993 2 SLR 294

154 B ^4& wkqj fjkaianß wod, lr.;a w;r ;SrKh widOdrK nj olajk ,os

13
wúpdrl;ajfha fiiq wdldr
kuHYS,S fkdù m%;sm;a;s ksl=;a fkdlsßu

hï wdh;khlg mjrk wNsu;dkqidß n,;, kuHYS,S fkdjk wdldrhg Ndú;d lsßfuka n,d;sl%uKh isÿfõ'
Rex vs London country council exparty corrie 1918 1 KB 68

Whkaj, fmd;am;a úlsKSu yd iïnkaOfhka kj m%;sm;a;shla ljqkais,h y÷kajd ÿks' ta jk;=re n,d;aul jQ
n,m;% ish,a, wfydis lrñka lsis÷ fya;=jla u; kej; n,m;% ,nd fkdfok njg m%ldYhla ksl=;a flreKs'
mqoa.,fhla m;%sldjla ksl=;a lsßug wjir b,a,Sh'
British Oxygn Company vs Bourd of Trade 1971 AC 610

rch úiska isÿlrkq ,nk n,d;sl%uK wêlrK iudf,dapkhg ,lafõoehs úuid ne,sK'
l=kdlkaoka t hdmkh úYaj úoHd,h AC / 1559 / 03

fuysoS YS% ialkaO rdcd úksiqre;=ud yd i,Sï udiq*a úksiqre;=ud m%ldY lf<a rchg tfrysj wêlrK iudf,dapk
,nd.; yels nj;a rchg úreoaj n,d;sl%uKhg tfrysj i¾Isfhdardß uekavduqia iajNdjfha ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a
l< yels nj;ah'
fkdukd wruqKq
Rex v. Secratery of the State for Common Welfare External Affairs Exparte World Development
Movement
1980 úfoaY yd ixj¾Ok lghq;= mk; hgf;a úfoaY f,alïjrhdg iudc u; ixj¾Ok lghq;= by, oeóug"
wd¾:sl lghq;= kexùug" iqNidOk lghq;= j,g wdOdr uqo,a ,ndoSug" fufia jHjia:dms;j n,h mjrd
fokq ,en ;snqKs tlS n,;, hgf;a úfoaY f,alïjrhd uef,aishdkq fõ,a,la f.dvkexùug mqo,a m%udKhla
ksoyia lrk ,os' World Development Movement fuu ls%hdj wd¾:sl jYfhka wksis f,i Ndú;d ù we;s
nj;a m%ldY lrñka wêlrKh bosßfha wNsfhda.hg ,la lrk ,os' ;jo úfoaY f,laïjrhd wruqo,a ksoyia
lsßug iQodkï jQ o;a;hka mk; uÕska i,id ;snQ wjYH;djhkag m%udKj;a fkdjk njo fmkajd oSug
fm;aiïlre iu;a úh' fï wkqj wêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a fuu úfoaY f,alïjrhd úiska mk; uÕska Tyq fj;
mjrd ÿka n,;, fkdukd wruqKq i|yd Ndú;dlr we;s njh'

Rex v. Sommerset Country Council 1995 (1) WLR 1037
wjYH bvï j, jeäoshqKqjg yd ixj¾Okh i|yd tu bvï j, ovhï lsßu ;ykï lsßug n,h m,d;a md,k
wêldßhg mjrdoS ;snqKs' tu wêldßh ovhï lsßu iodpdr úfrdaëh hk lreKq u; kS;s mekùu olajd
fkdue;s fkdukd wruqKla i|yd kS;s mekùula hehs wêlrKh oelaùh'
Short v. Pool Corporation 1926 CH 66

fuysoS wêlrKh oelajQ mßos hï mdi,l mßmd,k wêldßhlg wOHhk fya;= u; .=rejreka bj;a lsßug
jHjia:dms;j n,h mjrd ÿka úg ysfiys r;=meye flia ;sîfï fya;=fjka .=rejreka bj;a lsßu fuf,i n,h
wksis f,i fhdod.ekSug WodyrKhls' ^wfhd.H f,i n,h fhdod we;'&
wkql+, lreKq fkdie,lSu yd wkql+, fkdjk lreKq ie,lSu

hï wjia:dj,oS wNsu;h ls%hdfõ fhoùfïoS wod, lr.; hq;= lreKq wod, lr fkd.ekSug fukau wod, lr
fkd.; hq;= lreKq wod, lr .ekSu u; mßmd,k wêldßkays ;SrK wêlrKh bosßfha n,d;sl%uKh u; n,
rys; jkq we;'

Roberts vs Hopwoods Inre Borough Council case 1925 AC 578
fuu kvqfõoS wod, n,dêldßh ;u wNsu;h ls%hd;aul lsßfïoS nÿ f.jkakkaf.a hym; hk wod, lreK
ie,ls,a,g fkdf.k fiajl jegqma ;, by< oeóu idlÉPd ù we;'

14
Rex v. Sommerset country council 1995 (1) WLR 1037

fuu kvqfõoS mk;la uÕska m,d;a md,k wêldßhlg ovqjï lsßu i|yd wjir oSug n,h ,nd oS ;snqKs' ta
wkqj hï bvul ixj¾Ok lghq;= fya;=fjka ovhï lsßu ;ykï l< yelsj ;sìKs' kuq;a wod, wêldßh
ckjd¾.sl fya;+ka u; ovhï lsßu ;ykï lr ;sìKs' th fkdwod, lreKla ie,ls,a,g .ekSula njg
wêlrKh oelaõh' wod, ;ykï kS;Hdkql+, fkdjk njg wNshdpkdêlrKh mejiSh' wod, ;yku
n,d;sl%uKhls'

Brombley London Borough Council V Greater London Council 1983 1 AC 768
Exparte World Development Movement Ltd
n,h wNsksfhdackh lsßu

jHjia:djla uÕska mßmd,k wêldßhlg mjrd fokq ,enQ n,;, tlS wêldßhg fjk;a wfhl=g mejßu
^wNsksfhdackh& l< fkdyel' fï i|yd moku ù we;af;a deligatus non potest delegare hk ,;ska wdma;h
u;h'
Vine v. National Dock Labour Board (1957) AC 488

Dock Labour Board fj; úkhdkql+, ls%hdu; fiajlhkaf.a fiajh w;aysgqùug jHjia:dms;j n,h mjrd
oS ;snqKs fuu ld¾hh i|yd Dock Labour Board úiska úkh lñgqjla m;alrkq ,enQ w;r tlS lñgqj úkhdkql+,
fkdjk fya;+ka u;o fiajlhkaf.a jev ;ykï lrk ,os wêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a n,h wNsksfhdackh uÕska
n,d;sl%uKhla isÿj we;s njh'
Ratnagopal v. AG 1970 AC 974

,xld w.%dKavqldrjrhdf.a woyi wkqj ´kEu ldrKhla wdrCIdj yd uyck iqN idOkh i|yd jeo.;a
jkafka hhs Tyq ;SrKh lrkafka kï ta i|yd m%udKj;a f;dr;=re we;ehs is;sh yels ish¿u fldka;%d;a ms<sn|
mßCId lsßfï n,h iys;j wdKavqldrjrhd fldñiula m;a flreKs' rdcdêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a fuh kS;s
úfrdaë wNsksfhdackhla njh' ula ksido h;a mßCIK ms<sn| úIh f;dard.; hq;af;a w.%dKavqldrjrhdf.a
woyi wkqj ñi fldñiï iNdfõ woyi wkqj fkdjk fyhsks'
Barnard v. National Dock Labour Board 1953 (2) QB 18

,shdmosxÑ fvdla fiajlhkaf.a jev ;ykï lsßula lsßug jHjia:dfjka n,h mjrd ;snqfKa m%dfoaYSh fvdla
lïlre uKav,hgh' kuq;a fuysoS jev ;ykï lsßu lr ;snqfKa jrdh l<uKdlreh. tneúka fuu ;SrKh
wj,x.= nj m%ldY úh'
Karltona v. Commissioner of Works 1943 2 AER 562

fuysoS wêlrKh úiska rdcH wdh;k ;=, úYd, jYfhka n,h wNsksfhdackh lr we;s nj ksßCIKh lrk
,os weu;sjrhdg ish¿ n,;, ;ud úiskau mdúÉÑ lsßug m%dfhda.sl jYfhka wiSreh' ta ksid fndfyda úg
weu;sjrhd j.lsjhq;= ks<Odßka fj; ishn,;, wNsksfhdackh lrkq ,nk nj i,ld ne,Q .%Ska idñjrhd
m%ldYl< mßos fuf,i wNsksfhdacs; n,hla ,enQ ksfhdacs;fhl= úiska n,;, mdúÉÑ lrk úg tu n,;, ;u
weu;sjrhd úiska ,nd.;a ,n;, nj i|yka l,hq;=h' fuu m%;sm;a;sh ,xld mßmd,k jHjia:d rdYshla úiska
Ndú;d lr ;sfí'
Wod( ksjdi mkf;a flduidßiajrhd ms<sn| w¾: ksrEmKh (UK Local Government Act 1972)
wNsu;h w;ayeßu
iuyr wjia:dj,oS hï mqoa.,fhl= fyda wêldßhla fj; jHjia:djla uÕska mjrd fokq ,enQ n,;, Ndú;d
lsßfïoS th fjk;a ndysr mqoa.,fhl=f.a Wmfoia hgf;a Ndú;d lsßuo n,d;sl%uKhls'

Rex vs London country council exparte corrie 1918 1 KB 68
n,m;% u; wjir ,;a wdh;khkag hï jeo.;a ia:dk ms<sn| úia;r m;s%ld fnodyeßu i|yd jQ mj;akd
n,m;% wfydaislr kej; w,q;a n,m;% ,ndoSfïoS ljqkais,h ;u wNsu;h ksisf,i Ndú;d lr fkdue;s ksid
th n,d;sl%uKhla f,i oelaùh' British Oxygn Company v. Board of Trade 1971 AC 610 kvqj fï
iïnkaOj jeo.;ah'

15

Linesced v. Anderson 1942 AC 206
hï mqoa.,fhl=g wNsu;h wkqj ls%hd lsßug mjrd fokq ,enQ n,hla Tyq úiskau ls%hd;aul l< hq;=h'

Rex v. Stepney corporation 1902 1 KB 317
fuysoS ;SrK .kakd yg ;u wNsu;fhka ls%hd lsßug jHjia:dms;j n,h ;snqK;a Tyq úiskau ;u fomd¾;fïka;=
kS;sj,g wkqj ls%hd lrñka wNsu;h w;ayer ;snQ ksid n,d;sl%uKhla isÿj we;s nj ;SrKh úh'

Lavender & Sons Ltd v. Minister of Housing and Local Government (1970) 1 WLR 1271
j.dìï j, N+.; lekSï iïnkaOj bosßm;a lrkq ,nk ie,iqï wkqu; lsßug fyda m%;sfCIam lsßug
jHjia:dms;j weu;sjrhd fj; n,;, mjrdfokq ,en ;snQ w;r weu;sjrhd úiska tla;rd whÿïm;la
m%;sfCIam lrkq ,enqfõ lDIsl¾u wud;HdxYfha ks¾foaYhla u; nj Tmamqlrñka fm;aiïlre weu;sjrhdf.a
m%;sfCIam lsßu wNsfhda.hg ,lalrk ,os'
fuysoS ;jÿrg;a wêlrKh ksßCIKh l< mßos Bg fmro lDIsl¾u wud;HdxYfha ks¾foaYh u; weu;sjrhd
úiska ie,iqï m%;sfCIam lrkq ,enQ w;r hï úfrdaO;djhla t,a,fõ kï iemhqu m%;sfCIam lsßu weu;sjrhdf.a
m%;sm;a;shlaj mej;s njo meyeos,s úh wêlrKh fuh n,d;sl%uKhla jYfhka oelaùh'
m%;snkaOkh ^tlÕ;ajh iy miqj ;yku&

i;H njg úYajdi lrk hula lsßug hful=g bv i,iajd miqj tu ldrKh m%;sfCIam lsßfuka tu mqoa.,hdg
tu ld¾hh lsßfuka j,lajkq ,eîu fyda tu mqoa.,hdg tu ld¾hh lsßug ;ykï lrkq ,eîu m%;snkaOkh
f,i ye|skaúh yelsh' fuysoS l,ska lrk ,o m%ldY jeros iy.; nj miqj fmkS .sho th m%;sfCIam lsßug
wod, mßmd,k wêldßhg yelshdjla fkdue;'
Southland – on – Sea corperation v. Hudson (Wickford) Ltd 1962 1 QB 416

fuysoS ie,iqï wêldßfha ks<Odßfhl= úiska wdh;khg okajd hejQfha tla;rd foam,la tlS wdh;kh úiska
ñ,g .kafka kï wx.khla boslsßug wjir fkdoS isàfuka je,flk nj;a ;jÿrg;a tlS bvu óg fmro tu
ld¾hh i|ydu fhdodf.k we;s nj;ah' fï wkqj wdh;kh tlS bvu ñ,oSf.k wx.kh f.dvkexùug wjir
b,a,d isák ,o kuq;a óg fmro tu lreKq wi;H fõh hk moku u; wjir oSu m%;sfCIam lrk ,os' ;jqorg;a
wdh;kh ;ud úYajdi l< lreKq u; mokï fjñka fulS ;SrKh wNsfhda.hg ,lal,o wêlrKh ;SrKh
lf<a ie,iqï wêldßh i;H lreKq u; mokï ù ke;ehs hkak jQ w;r wdh;kfha whÿïm; m%;sfCIam flreKs'
Robertson vs Minister of Pensions 1949 1 KB 227

fuysoS úYdu jegqma wud;HdxYhg wkqhqla; ks<Odßfhl= úiska tla;rd mqoa.,fhl=g Tyqg hqO úY%du jegqma
i|yd ysñlula we;s nj okajd isák ,os' tlS m%ldYh úYajdi lr wod, mqoa.,hd jevlghq;= lSmhla wdrïN
lrk ,o w;r miqj uqo,a ,nd.ekSug hdfïoS fy,sjQfha Tyqg tlS uqo, i|yd ysñlula fkdue;s njh'
wêlrKh fuu ;SrKhg tlÕ jQ kuq;a fuu kvqfõoS kS;súfrdaë Ndjh ms<sn| isoaOdka;h meyeos,s lrk ,os'
hï mqoa.,fhl=g Tyq rcfhka ,nd .kakd ,o f;dr;=re i;Hh hehs úYajdi lsßu iïnkaOfhka ovqjï l<
fkdyel' flfia kuq;a fuu kvqj ffioaOdka;sl jYfhka fukau miqld,Sk kvq úNd. lSmhloSo úfõpkhg
,laúh' uydpd¾hh fõâ woyia olajk mßos fuysoS kS;sh wdfoaY l< hq;af;a tu lreKq i;H fõh hk moku
u;h' ukao rdcH ks<Odßfhl=f.a lreKq oelaùula u; fkduÕ .sh whg jkaos f.ùu l< hq;a;ls' tfia jqjo
wm kS;sh hgf;a ßá wd{d iïnkaO kvqj,oS jkaos m%Odkh fkdlrhs' fuksid wm wêlrKh mßmd,k kS;sfha
kS;súfrdaëNdjh ms<sn| uQ,O¾uh fl;rï ÿrg wkq.ukh lrkafkao hk m%YaKh ;ju;a fkdúi|S mj;skakls'

16
ld¾hmámdál n,d;sl%uKh
hï jHjia:djla uÕska n,h mjrk ,o mßmd,k wêldßhla úiska tlS jHjia:dj uÕska i|yka lrk ls%hd
mámdáh wkqj yd jHjia:dj uÕska i|yka lr we;s l%u wkq.ukh fkdlr n,h ls%hd;aul lsßu ld¾hmámdál
n,d;sl%uKhhs'
ld¾hmámdál kqiqÿiqlu
n,d;sl%uK kHdh hgf;a olajk ,o mßÈ GCHQ kvq ;Skaÿj u.ska j¾. 4 lg n,d;sl%uKh fnod fjkalr
we;' ld¾hmámdál kqiqÿiqlu bka tlls' my; j¾. fol hgf;a fuu ixl,amh ;jÿrg;a fjkal< yel'
1. jHjia:dms; úêúOdk iy úOdkd;aul fldkafoais W,a,x>Kh
2. iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾u W,a,x>kh lsßu
jHjia:dms; úêúOdk iy úOdkd;aul fldkafoais W,a,x>Kh

fuysoS jHjia:djla uÕska olajd ;sfnk iEu mámdáhlau W,a,x>kh lsßu n,d;sl%uKhla fkdfõ'
wksjd¾hfhkau ms<smeosh hq;= f,i olajd we;s fldkafoais lv lsßu muKla n,d;sl%uKhhs' fï iïnkaOfhka
ms<s.;a ñKqïoKav kï hï mámdáhla W,a,x.kh lsßfuka tlS jHjia:dfõ uQ,sl mrud¾: úlD;s fõo tkï
th wksjd¾hfhkau wkq.ukh l< hq;= ld¾hhmámdáhla njh' hï fldkafoaishla wksjd¾ho ke;fyd;a keoao
hkak ta ta wjia:dkq.; ;;a;ajh hgf;a ;SrKh l< hq;=h'
Egodawella v. Dayananda Dissanayake

fuysoS ;SrKh jQfha zl< yelZ (may) f,i hï ls%hd olajd ;snqKo th yqÿ uÕfmkaùfï fldkafoaishla jYfhka
fkdie,lsh hq;= nj;a th mkf;a m%;smdok wkqj wksjd¾hh jHjia:dms; m%;smdokhla fia i,ld n,d tkï
úOdkd;aul (Mandatory) f,i lshúh hq;= njh'
úOdkd;aul fldkafoais lsysmhlg WodyrK

• hï ;SrKhlska mSvdjg ,lajk whl=g tlS ;SrKh ms<sn| mQ¾j oekqïoSula isÿlr wk;=re lreKq
oelaùug idOdrK ld,hla ,ndosh hq;=h hk fldkafoais
• Ridge Vs Boldwin ysoS n,mEula jk whs;jdislï olajd we;
§ mqoa., ksoyi
§ foam, whs;sh
§ /lshdjla kshq;= ùfï whs;sh
• ;SrKhlg tfrysj wNshdpkd lrk ,o njg wfkla md¾Yjhg lrkq ,nk oekaùu
Wod( ksjdi yd foam, úlsKSfï wd{dmk; 34 ^3& j.ka;sh
• hï ;SrKhla kshñ; ld,h ;=,oS mqj;am;aj, fyda .eiÜm;%fha m,l, hq;=h hkak
• md¾,sfïka;=jg bosßm;a l< hq;=h hk ß;s
md¾,sfïka;=jg bosßm;a fkdlsßu(

fuu uQ,O¾uh wod, jkafka mßmd,k wêldßhlg fyda úksYaph wêldßhlg ß;s fyda fr.=,dis fkdfyd;a
w;=re kS;s iEoSug jHjia:dms; n,h we;s úgh'
Illeperuma v. Government Agent Galle 70 NLR 549

uqo,a mk; hgf;a uqo,a weu;s úiska idok ,o fr.=,dis tys ;snQ mßos md¾,sfïka;=jg bosßm;a fkdflreKs'
m%kdkaÿ úksiqre;=ud fuysoS m%ldY lf<a md¾,sfïka;=jg bosßm;a l< hq;=h hkak úOdkd;aul jQ neúka fuysoS
n,d;sl%uKhla isÿù we;s njh'
Podiappuhamy v. GA Kegalle 70 NLR 544

fuysoS wod, ldrKh md¾,sfïka;=jg bosßm;a l,hq;= hhs mjid ;sîu WmfoaYd;aul muKla jQ neúka fr.=,dis
j,x.=h'

17
jHjia:dms; úêúOdk tf,iu wkq.ukh fkdlsßu(

jHjia:djla uÕska úksYaph wêldßhla uÕska msysgqjd tys ixhq;sh oelajQ úg tys ld¾hhka isÿ lsßfïoS ish¿u
idudcslhkaf.a iyNd.S;ajh wksjd¾hh'
Wod( Paul vs Wijerama 75 NLR 361
ffjoH ks<Odßfhl=g tfrysj ffjoH uKav,h úiska mj;ajk ,o mßCIKhlska idCIs fufyhjkq ,enQ oskj,
tla idudcslfhlao" foaYk meje;ajQ osk ;j;a idudcslfhl=o" idCIslrejka mßCId lrkq ,enQ oskj, ;j;a
idudcslfhl=o" fm;aiïlrejkaf.ka yria m%YaK weiQ oskj, ;j;a idudcslfhl=o" meñK fkdisáhy' mßCIKfha
úúO wjia:dj, lñgqfõ idudcslhka iyNd.S fkdùfï fya;=fjka ffjoH uKav,fha ;SrKh Y+kH yd n,rys;
njg ;SrKh flreKs' fuysoS fhdod.;a uQ,O¾uh jkqfha kvq úNd.hl iEu úgloSu úksiqre isáh hq;= njh'

Paskaralingam v. Perera SC (spl) 497 – 1998
úfYaI ckdêm;s fldñIka iNdjl idudcslfhl= iyNd.S fkdùfukq;a jd¾;djg w;aika lsßug wfmdfydi;a
ùu;a ksid th n, rys; hhs ;SrKh úh'
ld, iSudj(
fuh wod, jkqfha hï mßmd,kuh ls%hdjla lsßu i|yd md¾,sfïka;=j úiska jHjia:dms;j ld, iSudjla kshu
lrk ,o úgoSh'
Wod( 1979 wxl 7 orK rcfha bvï ika;lh w;am;alr .ekSfï mkf;a 3 ^1& j.ka;sh hgf;a
ksis n,Orhd úiska rcfha bvul wkjirfhka mosxÑj isákafkl=g bka bj;aj hdu i|yd
oekqï oSula l< hq;=h'
Kandaiyah v. Abeykoon
by; 3 ^1& ys oelafjk hq;=h hkak úOdkd;aul m%;smdokhla nj wNshdpkdêlrKh ;SrKh flreKs'
Gonarathne v. Abeysinghe 1988 1 SLR 253

3^1& j.ka;sh hgf;a oekqï oSula l<hq;= ùu úOdkd;aul m%;smdokhla jk kuq;a osk 30 l wjYH;djh
WmfoaYd;aul m%;smdokhla muKs'
wNsu;dkqidß ^WmfoaYd;aul& fldkafoais j,g WodyrK

• lvlsßu iq¿fldg ;elsh yels ß;s
• lv lsßu w.;shg m;a md¾Yjhg nrm;, ydkshla isÿ fkdùu
• uyck hym;g fyda hym;a m%;sM, we;s úh yels ß;s
Mandy vs CIA and Others

fuysoS bvï w;am;alr .ekSfï wd{d mkf;a m%;smdok ta wdldrfhkau wkq.ukh lsßu meyer yer ;snqKs'
flfia jqjo ol=Kq wê’S ud¾.h ixj¾Okh ieneúkau uyck hym;g fya;=jk ksid tlS ß;s w;HdjYfhkau
wkq.ukh wjYH fkdjk nj ;SrKh lrk ,os'

18
iajNdúl hqla;s uq,O¾u
iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uh ms<sno ixl,amh jeäÈhqKq lsÍu ;=,ska jvd idOdrK mßmd,k úksYaphla ms<sno
ld¾hh mámdáhla wêlrK úiska we;slr ;sfí' yrhd;aul ks;S ixl,am wod, lr .ksñka mßmd,k
wêldßkaf.a ld¾hhkays yrh md,khg hg;a lrkq ,nk wdldrhgu wêlrK úiska iajNdúl hqla;s
uq,O¾uhkag wkqj úksYaph lsßfuka tlS ld¾hhkays ld¾h mámdáh md,khg hg;a lrkq ,efí' fmdÿ ks;Sh
iajNdúl hqla;s uq,O¾uhka folla yÿkd .kS'
1 ;u kvqfú úksiqre ;ud fkdú hq;=h
2 foamd¾Yjhgu ijka Èh hq;=h
fuu uq,O¾ufhka iñyjfha§ Wmfhda.s lr.kq ,enqfha wêlrKhka úiska ish ;Skaÿ j,g t<îfñ§ muKla
jqjo miqj úksYaph iyd we;=t wêlrKuh ld¾Hhkays fhfok isht wdh;k j,g wod, lr.k ,eìks'
Local Government Board V Arlidge 1915 AC 120

kvqfõ m%ldY l< mßos hï wdh;khlg wNshdpkdjla ;SrKh lsßfï j.lSu mjrkq ,enQ úg Tjqkag
wmCImd;Sj ls%hd lsßfï j.lSuo mejf¾. Tjqka fj; t<ò m%YaKh mCI.%dyS fkdfjñka i,ld ne,sh hq;=jdla
fukau fomCIhgu ;udf.a kvqj bosßm;a lsßug iudk wjia:djla ,nd oSuo jeo.;ah' ;jo t<fUk ;SrKh
hqla;sh bgq lsßu j.lSu jQ úksYaph iNdjl ;SrKhla nj fmkaúh hq;=h'
flfia kuq;a fuu iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾u W,a,x>kh lsßuo mßmd,kh iïnkaO kS;shg wdfoaY lsßu hqla;s
iy.; lrKq ,nkafka n,d;sl%uK kHdh iuÕ iïnkaO lsßfuks. tkï fomd¾;fïka;=j lsis÷ úgl
jHjia:djla uÕska mßmd,k wêldßhlg n,;, mdúÉÑ lsßu ms<sn| ukdmhla mjrd fokúg wod, mßmd,k
wêldßh iajNdúl hqla;sh blaujd lghq;= fkdlrkq we;ehs md¾,sfïka;= wfmaCId l< nj mQ¾j ks.ukh
lsßfuks'
u;l ;nd.; hq;= jeo.;a lreKla kï fuu uQ,O¾uh mßmd,k úksYaphl w¾O úksYapl ;SrK iïnkaOfhka
n,mdk njh fïjdfha fjki kï
mßmd,k ;SrKh
§ md¾Yjhka bosßm;a l< lreKq yd ;¾l
§ tl;= lr.;a idCIs u; .eg¿jg ;SrKhla osh hq;=h hk ffk;sl ne|Sula fkdue;s
§ tfiau ,ndfok ;SrKh ms<sn|j meyeos,s lsßug ne|S ke;
§ ;SrKh ,ndfokakdf.a wNsu;h mßos ,ndfok ;SrK fõ
úksYaphl ;SrK
fomd¾Yjhla fyda Bg jeä md¾Yjhka .Kkla w;r we;s jk wdrjq,la ms<sn|j
1 bosßm;a lsßu
2 idCIs úNd. lsßu uÕska lreKq /ia lsßu
3 kS;sh ms<n| .eg¿jla kï fomd¾Yjh úiska ffk;sl ;¾l f.kyer mEu
4 mßCIKfhaoS fidhd.;a lreKQj,g mj;akd kS;sh .e,mSu uÕska ;SrKhl t<òfuka fok ;SrKh
fï ms<sn| u;l ;nd.; hq;= jeo.;a lreKla jkafka by; lreKQ ish,a, bgqjk ;;a;ajhla ;=, wêlrKhla
fkdjk wdh;khla ,ndÿka ;SrKhla jqjo úksYaphl ;SrKhla f,i i,lkq ,nk njh'
w¾O úksYapl ;SrK

mßmd,kuh ;SrK oSfï ls%hdj,sh ;=, hï wjia:djl wêlrKuh fyda úksYaphl ,CIK olakg ,efí kï
tajd w¾O úksYapl ;SrKh'

19
;u kvqfõ úksiqre ;ud fkdúh hq;=h (Nemo Judex in Causa Sua)
mßmd,k wêldßfha ;SrKhlska ;u whs;sjdislï j,g n,mEula we;sjk md¾Yjhlg mCI.%dyS;ajhlska f;drj
ijka oSug ysñlula we;' mßmd,k ;Skaÿ iïnkaOfhka ls%hd;aul jk wêldßka iïnkaOfhka mCImd;S;ajh
yg.; yels wdldrhka kï
1. uQ,Huh iïnkaO;djh $ wd¾:sluh
2. jD;a;Shuh
3. mqoa.,sl
4. mßmd,k fyda úOdhl iïnkaO;djh
uQ,Huh iïnkaO;djh
Dimes V Proprictors of Grand Junction Canal 1852 3 HLC 759 ( Hollend Case)
fuysoS pdkaiß wêlrKh úiska fok ,o ;SrKhla wNsfhda.hg ,ljQ w;r tlS ;SrKh wod, iud.fï jdishg
fokq ,en ;snqKs' tu ;SrKh ÿka pdkai,ajrhd wod, iud.fï fldgialrefjl=o jQ w;r úksiqrejrhdg wod,
;SrKhg t<òfuka wd¾:sluh ,dNhla ysñjk ksid isjNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uh W,a,x>kh ù we;ehs
wNshdpkfhaoS ;SrKh úh' hï ;SrKhla fok wfhl=g tu ;SrKh iïnkaOfhka uQ,Huh jYfhka Wkkaÿjla
we;akï tu ;SrKh wêlrK iudf,dapkhg ,lal< fkdyel'
jD;a;Suh in|;djh
Rex V Sussex Justices Exparte Mc Carthy 1924 1 KB 256
;Srlhdg jD;a;Sh ,dNhla ysñjk kvqj,oS tlS ;Srlhd fhdod.ekSu Nemo Judex ixl,amhg mgyeks nj ysoS
m%ldY úh
fuysoS wmßCIdldß f,i ßh meoùu iïnkaOfhka mqoa.,fhl=g fpdaokd lrkq ,en ;snQ w;r Tyq fjkqfjka
fmkS isá kS;S{jrekag jD;a;Sh jYfhka in|;djhla ;snQ ;Srljrfhl= kvqfõ wod, ;SrKh oS ;snqKs' tfy;a
we;a; jYfhkau isÿj ;snqfKa ;Srljrhdf.a ,smslre wod, kS;S{jrhdf.a kS;S{ iud.fï idudcslfhl= jQ
w;r wNshdpkfhaoS fy,s jQfha fulS ;SrKfhka fpdaol mCIhg wjdishla isÿùug bvla fkdue;s njh' tfia
jqjo ;Srlf.a ;SrKh n, rys; lrñka fydjd¾Ü úksiqre m%ldY lf<a hqla;sh bgqúh hq;=jdla fukau bgqjk
njg ksielfhkau fmfkkakg o ;sìh hq;=h hkqfjks' hk moku u; ;SrKh ksYam%N lrk ,os fï iïnkaOfhka
u;= idlÉPd lrkq ,nk Metropolitan Properties (FGC) Ltd V London 1969 1 QB 577 kvqlrho jeo.;ah'
mqoa.,sl iïnkaO;djh
Metropolitan Properties (FGC) Ltd v. Lannon 1969 1 QB 577
fuysoS ;Srlhdg ,efnk mqoa.,sl jdiSka ksid iajNdúl kS;s uQ,O¾u W,a,x>kh jk njg ms<sf.k ;sfífuys
Lannon f.j,a l=,S WmfoaYl iNdfõ iNdm;sjrhd jQ w;r Tyq úiska ;SrKh lrkakg fhÿk ldrKh
nÿlrejkaf.a b,a,qïm;%hla iïnkaO ldrKhla úh' Lannon o idudclshl= jQ kS;S{ iud.ula úiska Bg fmro
wod, ksfjia ysñldr ix.uh fjkqfjka jD;Sh lghq;= j, fhoS ;snqK w;r ^jD;a;Sh in|;dj& wfkla w;g
Lannon jdih lf<a nÿlrefjl= jQ ish mshd iuÕsks' ^fm!oa.,sl in|;djh&
flfia kuq;a wod, ksfjia ysñlrejkaf.a ix.uh Lannon we;=¿ f.j,a l=,S WmfoaYl iNdfõ ;SrKh
wNsfhda.hg ,lal, kuq;a i;H jYfhkau tlS wjia:dfõ lsis÷ mCImd;S;ajhla oelajQ njgo ksßCIKhla
fkdùh. fuysoS jD;a;Sh iïnkaO;djh we;s nj mjid th m%;sfCIam úh
kuq;a wod, ;SrKh wj,x.= lsßug Lannon yd mej;s jD;a;Sh yd fm!oa.,sl iïnkaO;djhka mej;Sfï lreKqu
jqjo m%udKj;a nj wNshdpkdêlrKfhaoS ;SrKh úh
—hqla;sh úYajdih u; ;SrKh fõ tfukau hym;a ukil iel Wmojk tu úYajdih ì|S hk w;r hqla;siy.;
njo ielhg Ndckh fõ'˜ -fvõ,ska úksiqre

20
mßmd,k fyda úOdhl mCImd;S;ajh

Foxham Tithing Case 1705 2 Salk 607
wêfõ.S ud¾.hla iïnkaOfhka ksfhda.hla m%;sfCIam lrk ,oafoa tu ksfhda.h lrk ,o úksYaph wêldßfha
tla idudcslhl= tu wêfõ.S ud¾.h boslsßfïoS tys ñkskafodarejrhd jYfhka lghq;= lr ;snQ neúks'
Great Charte v Kennington 1730 2 Str 1173

os<s÷ mqoa.,fhl= fkrmd yeßu i|yd jQ ksfhda.hla ksYam%N lrkq ,enQfha tu uKav,fha tla idudcslhl= wod,
ia:dkhg wh;a m%foaYfha mosxÑ lrefjl= yd nÿlrefjl\ yd nÿf.jkafkl= o jQ ksidh'
Franklin v Minister of Town & Country Planing 1948 AC 87

wod, wud;Hjrhd úiska ksjdi ixj¾Ok jHdmD;shla wdrïN lrkq ,eìKs. wod, m%foaYfha mosxÑlrejkaf.a
úfrdaO;d iïnkaOfhka ;SrKh lsßug miqj Tyqgu mejreKs' kuq;a fuysoS mCImd; ùfï fpdaokdj Tmamq lsßug
fkdyels úh fuuÕska iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾u ixl,amhka mgq iSudjlg ,lalr we;s nj fmfka'
mCImd;S;ajh keUqre;djh u; ;SrKh ksYam%N lsßu i|yd fhdokq ,nk mßCId
iajNdúl kS;sh W,a,x>kh ù we;s njg wNsfhda.sl md¾Yjhla ;¾l lrk úg wêlrKh mCImd;S;ajhla
we;so hkak ks¾Kh lsßug úúO mßCIdjka fhdod.kS'
1. i;H mCImd;S;ajh ms<sn| mßCIdj ^;SrKh fokakd i;HjYfhkau mCImd;S ùu& -Actual Bias
2. úoHdudk mCImd;S;ajh -Apperant Bias
i;H jYfhkau mCImd;S;ajhla fkdfmkqko ta ;SrKh iïnkaOfhka wd¾:sl jYfhka fyda fm!oa.,sl Wkkaÿjla
we; fuf,I mCI.%dyS;ajhla we;' nj i,lkafka hqla;sh hkak bgqlsßu muKla fkdj hqla;sh bgq lrk njg
fmkaúh hq;=h'
idOdrK ielh ms<sn| mßCIdj (The reasonable suspicious of bias test)
mCImd;S ùfï ksh; yelshdj (The real likelyhood of bias test)
mCImd; ùfï wka;rdh (The Real Danger of bias)
i;H mCImd;S;ajh (Actual Bias)

fuh m%lg mßCIdjla jk w;r flfia kuq;a m%dfhda.sl jYfhka i,lk úg we;a; jYfhkau mßmd,k wêldßh
úiska mCI.%dyS úh hq;=j ;sìh hq;= ksid th ks¾Kh lsßu wmyiqh' tkï fuh fmkS hkafka ;SrKhla ÿka
miqjh' tksid fuysoS i|yka l<hq;= lreKla kï úksYaph wêldßhla úiska hïlreKla úuiSu iïnkaOfhka
olajkq ,nk úfrdaO;d wdrïNfhaoS oelaúh hq;=h'
1978n wxl 2 orK wêlrK ixúOdk mkf;a 39 j.ka;sh hgf;a wdrïNfhaoS úfrdaO;d fkdoelajqjfyd;a
md¾Yjhka ;u whs;sh w;ayer oeuqjd fia i,lkq ,efí'
Franklin v Minister of Town & Country Planning 1948 AC 87

fuysoS wod, wud;Hjrhd úiska ksjdi ixj¾Ok jHdmD;shla wdrïN lrk ,o w;r miqj tlS ixj¾Ok
jHdmD;sh ksid mSvdjg m;a mqoa.,hkaf.a úfrdaO;d iïnkaOfhka ;SrK .ekSfï n,ho Tyqgu mejreKs' fuysoS
weu;sjrhd mCI.%dyS ù we;s njg fpdaokd lrk ,o kuq;a wêlrKh tu fpdaokdj m%;sfCIam lrk ,o w;r
fuysoS fjk;a wdldrhl wêlrK ;SrKhlg t<òfha kï th whq;= jYfhka rcfha ixj¾Ok lghq;= j,g
wjysr jkq we;ao hkqfjka oelaúks'
úoHudk mCImd;S;ajh (Apperant Bias)

idOdrK $ fya;=iy.; ielh
wêlrKh biõ.; ùu îdOdrK ielh& ms<sn|j i,ld n,kafka uyck;djf.a oDIaÀfldaKfhks fuysoS we;a;
jYfhkau biõ.; ùula wjYH fkdjk w;r ne,Q ne,aug biõ.; ùula fmkSu jqjo m%udKj;ah'
tia' ta' ä iañ;a wkqj biõ.; ùfï mßCIKh my; mßosh

21
uyck;djf.ka flfkla isoaêh foi iuia: jYfhka n,ñka úksYpa h wdh;kfha idudcslfhla biõ.; fõ
hehs idOdrK f,i iel lrkafka kï fuysoS we;a; jYfhkau biõ.; ùula Tmamq lsßu wjYH ke;. kvq
úNd.h w;r úksYaph biõ.; njg idOdrK f,i iel lsßula m%udKj;ah'
Rex v Sussex Justices Exparte Mccathy

kvqfõoS fydjd¾Ü w.úksiqre idOdrK iel lsßu ms<s.ksñka m%ldY lf<a"
—hqla;sh mis|,Su l< hq;=jd muKla fkdj meyeos,s f,i yd m%;HCI f,i th l< nj fmkS hd hq;=h˜
mCImd;S ùfï ksh; yelshdj

Rex v. Metropolitan Properties Co. Ltd v Lannon
fvkska úksiqre mejiQfha"
—hqla;shg mokï jkqfh úYajikSh;ajh njo ksjeros Ñka;khlska hqla; mqoa.,fhla isysúl,;ajhg m;ajk
wdldrfha foaj,a ksid úYajikSh;ajh ìoS hk nj;ah'˜
lsisfjl= ;u kvqfõ úksiqre fkdúh hq;=h hk ß;sh W,a,x>kh lsßug biõ.; ùu muKla fkdj Bg jvd
jeä hula isÿjQ njg m%udKj;a idCIs ;sìh hq;= njg we;s jQ ixl,am ksid ksh; yelshdj ms<sn| mßCIK
we;s úh'
fï ms<sn| ,xldfõ ;SrKh jQ Rathnagopal & Others v. AG ysoS m%kdkaÿ úksiqre oelajQfha ksh; yelshdj
ms<sn| mßCIKh fhdod.ksñka biõ.; ùu muKla fkdj biõ.; ùu ls%hd;aul ùug ksh; yelshdjlao ;sìh
hq;= njh'
mCImd;S ùfï wka;rdh fyda wjOdku

Rex v Kay
fuysoS kvqfõ ;SrKh ÿka miq ú;a;sfha idCIslrejl= cQßiNslfhl= ;ud yd meñKs,slreo we;=¿ ;j;a
idCIslrejka fofofkl= y÷kk nj m%ldY lrk ,os fulS moku u; cQßiNslhd mCI.%dyS ùug i;H
wjOdkula we;ehs wêlrKh ;SrKh lrk ,os
Rex v Gough 1993 AC 646

fuu kvqfõ ú;a;slre l=uKa;%Kh lsßfï jrog fpdaokd ,nd ;snQ w;r kvq úNd.fhka wk;=rej Gough
jrolre lrk ,os tu ;SrKhg tfrysj wNshdpkh lrk ,o w;r tys moku jQfha úksYaph uKav,fha
^cQßiNdfõ& mqoa.,hka w;=ßka tla whl= pQos;hdf.a ifydaorhdf.a wi,ajeishd ùuh'
fuysoS Gough wmrdO jrolg jrolre lf<ah' ;Skaÿj ÿkamiq fidhd.;af;a cQßiNdfõ tla idudcslfhl= Gough
f.a ifydaorhdf.a wi,ajeishl= njh'
wNshdpkfhaoS wod, cQß iudcslhd ;ud ovqjï kshu lsßug fmr ú;a;slre y÷kd fkd.;a nj m%ldY l< kuq;a
Bg fmro tla wjia:djl ú;a;slre iy Tyqf.a fidfydhqrd iu ú;a;slrejl= jQ kvq úNd.hlao mj;ajd ;snqKs'
wêlrKh cQß iNslhdg mejiqfõ osõreï m%ldYhla bosßm;a lrk f,ih' fï osõreï m%ldYfhka osõrd m%ldY
lf<a wod, ovqju ,ndoSug m%:u ;u wi,a jeishdf.a fidfydhqrd nj fkdokakd njh'
flfia fj;;a wêlrKh osõreï m%ldYh úYajdi lr fuysoS ú;a;slre ;udf.a wi,ajeishdf.a fidfydhqrd nj
oek fkdisá ksid mCI.%yS ùfï wjOdkula fkdue;s nj mjiñka wNshdpkh bj;,k ,os' ;jo fuysoS mejiqfõ
wêlrKh bosßfha we;s m%YaKhla foi wêlrKh n,kafka idOdrK hqla;siy.; ukqIHfhl=f.a
oDIaÀsfldKfhka jk w;r Widúfha oS isák whl=f.a oDIaÀs fldKfhka fkdjk njh' ^kuq;a wvqjï kshu lsßug
ú;a;slrejd y÷kd.;a;d kï ;;a;ajh óg jvd fjkia jkq we;'&
ñka fmfkkafka mCImd;S ùfï ksh; yelshdj mßCIdj Ndú;d lr mCImd;S;ajh ia:dmkh lsßu wmyiq nj;a
mCImd; ùfï wka;rdh fhdodf.k mCImd;S;ajh Tmamq lsßu óg jvd myiq njh' jvd;a myiq jkafka idOdrK
ielh ms<sn| mßCIdj Wmfhda.Slrf.k mCImd;S;ajh Tmamq lsßuh'

22
Rex v. Gaugh kvqfõoS y÷kajdÿka mßCIdj ms<sn|j ,xldfõ wêlrK ;u wjOdkhg ,la lr ke; Bg miqj
tx.,ka;fha ;SrKh jQ Rex v. Key mCImd; ùfï wka;rdh Ndú; lr we;'
fï ms<sn|j tx.,ka;fha j;auka ;;a;ajh

i;H mCImd;S;ajh mßCIdj iy mCImd; ùfï wka;rdh ms<sn| mßCIdj muKla Ndú;d jk w;r idOdrK
ielh ms<sn| mßCIdj yd mCImd; ùfï ksh; yelshdj ms<sn| mßCIdjka m%;sfCIam ù we;'
YS% ,xldfõ ;;a;ajh

De Mel v. Silva 51 NLR 282
uq,ald,Skj k.r iNslfhl=g úreoaOj Tyq k.rdêm;s f,i m;aùu i|yd ifydaor iNslfhl=g w,a,ia oSu
iïnkaOfhka mßCId lsßug mßCIK fldñIka iNdjla m;alrkq ,eìKs' k.r iNslhd fldñIu bosßhg le|jQ
úg osõreï m%ldYhla uÕska m%ldY lr isáfha Tyqg oekqïoSulska f;drj Tyq ms<sn| ta jk úg;a fldñIu
lreKq jd¾;d lr we;s njg ;ud úYajdi lrkd njh'
mßmd,k kS;sfha ;yjqre uQ,O¾uhla jk “mgyeks jHjia:dms; m%;smdokhla fkdue;s úg úksYaph

wêldrhkag ;u ld¾h mámdáh ;uka úiskau ilia lr .; yelsh' hkakg wjOdkh fhduql< fY%aIaGdêlrKh
;SrKh lf<a mCImd;S ùu lreKq iys;j ikd: lsßug fm;aiïlre wfmdfydi;a ù we;s nj;a Tyq lr we;af;a
yqÿ úYajdih iïnkaO lreKq oelaùu muKla nj;ah' fY%aIaGdêlrKh fuysoS idOdrK ielh yd mCImd;S ùfï
ksh; yelshdj yd mßCIK i|yd wjOdkh fhduqlr we;'
Kandasamy v Subramaniyam 63 NLR 574

wmrdO kvqjl meñKs,slre jQ K tu kvqj fjk;a ufyai;%d;a jrfhl= úiska weish hq;= njg fY%aIaGdêlrKh
fj; whÿï lf<a úÿy,am;sjrfhl= jQ pQos;hd iyNd.S jQ rd;S% wdydrhlg fuu ufyaia;%d;ajrhdgo Tyq úiska
wdrdOkd lrk ,oehs hk moku u;h' fY%aIaGdêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a wod, wjia:dkq.; lreKq wkqj fhdod.;
hq;= mßCIdj jkafka wêlrKh i;H f,iskau idOdrK jQfhao ke;akï mCImd; jQfhao hkakh'
Paul v Wijerama 75 NLR 361

ffjoH jD;slfhl=f.a yeisßu iïnkaOfhka ffjoH wd{d mk;f;a wod, fr.=,dis hgf;a m%d:ñl mßCIKhla
meje;ajQ lñgqfõ idudcslhka ;Skÿa j m%ldY lsßug miqj meje;ajQ úkh mßCIKhg;a iyNd.S ùu mCImd;S
ùug tfrys uQ,O¾uh Rcq f,iu W,a,x>kh lsßula nj ;SrKh jqKs'
Simon & Others v The Commissioner of National Housing & 3 Others 75 NLR 471
cd;sl ksjdi flduidßia fomd¾;fïka;= ks<Odßfhl= úiska ksjdi ysñfhl= yd l=,S ksjeisfhl= w;r jQ wdrjq,la
iïnkaOfhka ksjdi ysñhdf.a kS;S{hd úfrdaO;d olajk ,oafoa 5 jk yd 6 jk oskj, ks<Odßhd l=,S ksjeishd
iuÕ;a" Tyqf.a kS;S{hd iuÕ;a" l:dlrñka isàu olakg ,enqKq ksidh' i;H f,iu tu ks<Odßhd l=,S
ksjeishdg f;a mdkh i|yd wdrOkd lr ;snqKs' fudysoS 5 jk oskh ms<sn| idCIs fkd;snQ w;r 6 jk osk isÿùï
ms<sn|j meyeos,slsßu jQfha l=,S ksjeishdf.a kS;S{hdg úu¾YK ks<Odßhd wyïfnka uqK.eiqKq nj;a bkamiq
f;a mdkh l< nj;ah' Tjqka w;r jQ idlÉPd iïnkaOfhka idCIs fkdùh' fuys we;af;a idOdrK ielhla
muKla nj;a mdCImd;S;ajh ms<Sn| idCIs ;sìh hq;= nj;a m%ldY lrk ,os'
fuysoS fY%aIaGdêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a tys jQfha idOdrK ielhla nj;a mCImd; ùfï ksh; yelshdjla ;sìh
hq;= nj;ah'
Mohommed v Pieris 1982 1 SLR 195
fï wkqj fmkS hkafka j¾;udkfha ,xldfõ i;H mCImd;S;ajh yd mCImd; ùfï ksh; yelshdj ms<sn|
mßCIdjka Ndú;d jk w;r idOdrK ielh ms<sn| mßCIdj m%;sfCIam ù we;s njh'
rdcmCI iy ;j;a wh t f.dúck ixj¾Ok iNdj
;jo kS;sfha mCImd; ùfï wka;rdh ms<sn| mßCIdjo ;ju ,xldfõ Ndú; fkdfõ tneúka fuu fCIa;%h
iïnkaOj bx.S%is kS;sfha yd ,xld kS;sfha meyeos,s fjkila mj;akd nj fmfka'

23
fomd¾Yjhgu lkaoSfï hq;=lu (Audi Altram Partem)
fmdÿ kS;sh fyda jHjia:dms; kS;sh hgf;a lsishï ld¾hhla bgqlsßfïoS mqoa.,fhl=f.a whs;sjdislï j,g
n,mEula we;sjk mqoa.,hdg ;SrKh .ekSug fmr ;udf.a lreKq bosßm;a lsßug wjia:dj i,id osh hq;=h
hkak ñka woyi fõ'
fomd¾Yjhgu lkaoSfï uQ,O¾ufha wdrïNh

Rex v Bagg 1615
Pkaoodhlhl= úiska k.rdêm;sjrfhl=g ;¾ckh lr wmydi lsßu ksid Tyqf.a Pkao n,h wysñlr ;snqKs'
wod, isÿùug fmro Tyq k.rdêm;sjrhdg wmydi lsßug W;aidy lr ;snQ njg idCIs ;snqK's fuysoS ;SrKh
lrkq ,enQfha Pkao n,h wysñlrkq ,eîug fmr ;ud fjkqfjka lrkq bosrm;a lsßug wjia:djla ,nd fkdoSfï
moku u;h. fuysoS wêlrKh fuu ß;sh wod, lr .ksñka Bg bvfokq ,eìKs'
Rex v Chancellor of University of Cambridge 1923 (Dr. Brestly’s Case)

Wml=,m;sjrhdg wmydi lsßfï fya;=j u; úYaj úoHd,h úiska ffjoHjrfhl=g Wmdêh wysñ lrkq ,eìKs'
tu ;SrKh ksYam%N lsßug ffjoHjrhd W;aidy lf<a tu ;SrKh .ekSug fmr Tyqg lreKq oslaùug wjia:djla
,nd fkdoSfï moku u;h. fuysoS wêlrKh fuu ß;sh wod, lr .ksñka Bg bvfokq ,eìKs'
Cooper v Wandaworth Board of Works 1863 14 CB 180

m,d;a md,k wdh;khg wod, f,i oekaùula fkdlr ksjila idod ;snqK w;r m,d;a md,k wdh;kh ;ukag
jHjia:dms;j ,eî ;snQ n,h u; tu ksji lvd ouk ,os' fuysoS wêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a l,ska oekqïoSug;a
lreKQ bosßm;a lsßug;a wjia:djla fkdoSu;a ksid tu lvdoeóu kS;Hdkql+, fkdjk njh fuu kvqj iajNdúl
hqla;s uQ,O¾uhkaf.a j¾Okfha jeo.;a ia:dkhla f,i i,lkq ,n’ fuysoS jeo.;a jkafka wod, jHjia:dj uÕska
lreKq bosßm;a lsßug wjia:djla foam, ysñhdg mjrdoS fkd;sîuo jeo.;a lreKls' fï ms<sn|j nhsf,dia
úksiqre i|yka lf<a tjeks wjia:djloS jHjia:dfõ olajd fkd;snqKo fmdÿ kS;sh hqla;sh ms<sn|j
jHjia:dodhlfha m%udoh imqrkafkah hkakh'
ld¾hhka j¾.SrKh ms<sn| kHdh

mßmd,k ld¾hhkao úksYaphl ld¾hhkao hkak fjka lsßu iïnkaOj fuys woyia fõ' 20 jk ishji uq,a
Nd.fha muK wêlrK ls%hdj,sfha iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾u i,ld ne,Su werUqKs'
Local Government v Arlidge 1915 AC 120

fuysoS bx.S%is wêlrK rcfha fomd¾;fïka;= iïnkaO kvq lghq;a;loS fm;aiu bosßm;a l< mqoa.,hdgo ijka
osh hq;= nj ;SrKh lrk ,os
Rex v Leman State Plice Inspector Exparte Venicoff 1920 KB 86

iajfoaY lghq;= f,alïjrhdg ks<Odßfhl= ks<fhka my lsßug;a, ráka msgqjy,a lsßug;a" .kakd ;SrKh
wêlrK iudf,dapkh ,lal< fkdyels hhs ;SrKh flrefKa th mßmd,k ;SrKhla neúks' fuf,i wjia:d
folloS fohdldr ;SrKhkag t<òu uÕska mßmd,k kS;sfha ld¾hhka j¾.SlrKhg ,la lsßfï wjYH;djh
u;=lrk ,os'
ta wkqj ld¾hhka j¾.SlrKh ms<sn| kHdh hkq m%YaKhlg wod, ;SrKh mqoa.,fhl=f.a whs;sjdislï j,g
n,md we;s wdldrh .ek ie,ls,su;a jkq fjkqjg wêlrKfha tlS ld¾hh mßmd,kuh ld¾hhlao" w¾O
úksYaphl ld¾hhlao" hkak ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a ùug W;aidy .kakd ,os' iu n,;,hla ls%hd;aul lr we;af;a
mßmd,k wêlrKhla úiska kï th mßmd,k ls%hdjla jk w;r tjka úgl iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uhka
fhdod.ekSug fkdyels nj wêlrKh ;SrKh lrhs'
uq,ald,Sk bx.S%is kS;sh ;=,oS hï hï wjia:dj,oS ld¾hhka j¾.SlrK kHdh oeäj Ndú;d lr we;s nj fmfka'
bka lSmhla kï
§ ráka msgqjy,a lsßu yd wdrCIl fya;+ka - Rex v Leman State Plice Inspector
§ n,m;% wj,x.= lsßu - Rex v Parker Exparte Parker 1953 1 WLR 1150

24
ijka oSulg wjia:djla fkdoS l=,S r: ßh÷frl=f.a n,m;% wj,x.= lr ;snQ w;r wêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a
Tyqg ta i|yd whs;sjdislï fkdue;s nj;a ta iïnkaOj meñKs,s l< fkdyels nj;ah'
Nakuda Ali v Jayarathna 1958 AC 56

lsis÷ ijka oSulg wjia:djla fkdoS frosms<s ksfhdacs;fhl=f.a n,m;% wj,x.= l< yels hehs ;SrKh jQfha
md,lhdf.a ld¾hh wêlrKuh fyda w¾O wêlrKuh fkdj mßmd,k ld¾hhla ksidh' md,lhd úiska lrkq
,enqfõ Tyq úiska m%Odkh lrkq ,enQ jrm%idohla w;aysgqùu muKs' tneúka md,lhd ish wNsu;h ls%hd;aul
l< w;r whs;sjdislï lvlsßula isÿ fkdjqKs'
Exparte Firige 1954 1 WLR 730

fcaIaG ks<Odßfhl=f.a ks< we÷ï msßisÿ lrk f,ig ,o ksfhda.h ms<s.ekSu ksid fiajfhka bj;a lsßug fmr
.sks ksjk yuqod Ngfhl=g ijkaoSula ,ndoSug wjYHhhs ;SrKh flreKs'
§ iajdñ fiajl in|;djh
§ f¾.= mßCIK
iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾ufha mqkreoh

60 oYlh jk úg mßmd,k uh ld¾hhka j,oS iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uhka wkq.ukh fkdl< hq;= hhs
tx.,ka; yd YS% ,xld kS;sfha ms<s.ekSu úh tysoS mßmd,kuh n,;, ls%hd;aul lsßfïoS wêlrKuh f,ig
lghq;= lsßfï j.lSula fiùu i|yd wêlrKh lghq;= lrkq ,eîh' fuh iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾u ls%hd;aul
lsßu i|yd wkjYH iSudjla f,i n,mEfõh' óg uQ,sl fya;=j jQfha
Rex v Electricity Commissioner 1924 1 KB 171

fuysoS i¾Isfhdrdß wd{djla ksl=;a lsßu i|yd fya;= úYaf,aIKh lrñka weÜlska úksiqre m%ldY lf<a mqoa.,
whs;sjdislï j,g n,mdk m%YaK ;SrKh lsßu i|yd ffk;sl n,h we;s mqoa., uKav,hla i;=j wêlrKuh
f,i lghq;= lsßfï j.lSula we;s úgl Tjqka ;u n,h wNsnjd lghq;= lrhs kï túg ta wkqj fmkS hkafka
fuysoS i|yka wêlrKuh f,i lghq;= lsßu hkak uÕska iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uhkaf.a Ndú;h iSud ùula
isÿjQ njh'
tx.,ka;fhaoS ;SrKh jQ Exparte Harper yd ,xldfõ ;SrKh jQ Nakuda Ali v Jayarathna 1958 AC 56 kï
kvqlrhkaysoS by; uQ,O¾uh Ndú;d lr we;' flfia jqjo iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾u j, mrdih Ridge v
Baldwin 1964 AC 40 ysoS idñ uka;S% uKav,h .;a ;SrKfhka miqj kj mqkreohla ,eîh'
Ridge v Baldwin 1964 AC 40

fuysoS m%dfoaYSh fmd,sia wêldß úiska fpdaokdjg iïnkaOj oekqïoSula iy ;u ksoyig lreKQ oelaùug
wjia:djla fkdoS m%Odk fmd,sia fldia;dm,a jrhd fiajfhka myl< fkdyels hhs idñ uka;S% uKav,h ;SrKh
lf<ah. Tjqkaf.a woyi jQfha wêlrKuh f,i lghq;= lsßu iEu wjYH;djloSu wkjYH nj;a idOdrK
ijka osh hq;= iEu wjia:djloSu fuu iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾u ß;Ska wod, lr .; hq;= nj;ah. fuysoS m%ldY
l< mßos my; wjia:djloS mßmd,kuh fyda úOdhl ld¾hhkaysoS iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾u wod,lr .;
hq;=h'
1. hful= fiajfhka my lrk úgloS
2. hful=f.a jD;a;Sh fyda idudcSh wdh;khl idudcsl;ajh wysñ lrk úgoS
3. hful=f.a jD;a;Shuh fyda foam, fyda whs;sjdislulg fyda jrm%idohlg n,mEula we;s úgloS
Ridge v Baldwin kvqfjka miq we;s jQ j¾Okhka

§ ld¾hhka j¾.SlrKh ms<sn| kHdh m%;sfCIam ùu
§ idOdrK f,i lghq;= lsßfï kHdh we;s ùu
§ kS;Hdkql+, n,dfmdfrd;a;= ùfï kHdfha j¾Okh
Schmidt v Secretary of State for Home Affairs 1969 2 CH 149

In re HK 1969 2 QB 617

25
úksiqre mejiQfha wêlrK w¾O wêlrK mßmd,k úOdhl ls%hdj,oS hful=g hï w.;shla Wkkaÿjla fyda
kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdjla we;akï iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾u wod,jk njh'
In re HK 1969 QB 617
wd.uk ks<Odßhdf.a ld¾hh iajNdjh l=ula jqjo wod, mqoa.,hdg idOdrK ijka oSula yd ;u ia:djrh fuysoS
uq,ajrg idOdrK f,i lghq;= lsßfï kHdh y÷kajd fok ,os'
Me Innes v Onslow 1978 1 WLR 15

iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uhka wjia:dkql+,j wod, lr.; yels kuHYS,S m%;sm;a;shls' wêl;rKuh ;SrK
.ekSfïoS iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uhka mQ¾K f,iu wod,jk w;r mßmd,k ;SrKj,oS idOdrK f,i lghq;=
lsßfï kHdh wod<fõ'
YS% ,xldfõ mßmd,k kS;sh flfrys Ridge v Baldwin ß;sfha n,mEu

Fernando v. Jayarathne 78 NLR 123
úksiqre I¾jdkkao"
—iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uh wêlrKuh muKla fkdj mßmd,kuh wêldßkago fhdod.; hq;=h mßmd,kuh
mßCIKhkaysoS idOdrKj lghq;= lsßfï j.lSula mj;S'˜
Fernando Pullai v Minister of Agriculture 79 NLR

úksiqre I¾jdkkao"
—iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uh mqoa., whs;sjdislï j,g n,mdk mßmd,kuh ;SrKhkag wod,fõ'˜
Jayasena v Panchi Appuhami 1980 2 SLR 43

bvul ueKsla .eßug chfiakg wjqreoaolg ,ndÿka n,m;%h udi 7 lg miqj jHjia:dms; wêldßh úiska
wj,x.= flreKs fya;= oelaùug wjia:djla fkdÿka w;r j.W;a;rlre mejiQfha n,m;% m%Odkh fukau wj,x.=
lsßuo m%;sm;a;suh ld¾hhla nj;a fya;= oelaùug wjia:djla ,nd oSu wkjYH nj;ah'
;ïnhshd úksiqre m%ldY lf<a jHjia:dms; wêldßh úiska n,m;%h wj,x.= lsßu mj;sk whs;sjdislï wdmiq
.ekSula hkqfjks' ta wkqj ;SrKh ksYam%N lrñka i¾Isfhdardß wd{djla o b;sß udi 5 g wjir foñka
uekavduqia wd{djlao ksl=;a lrk ,os'

Sundarakaran v Barthi 1989 2 SLR
fuysoS mßmd,k kS;Ska flfrys iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾u j, n,mEu ;yjqre lr we;'

26
iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uhkaf.a ix>gl

idOdrK ijka oSulg my; i|yka lreKq wvx.=h' wod, mqoa.,hdg
1 iQodkï ùu i|yd m%udKj;a oekqïoSula l< hq;=h
2 Tyqg úreoaOj we;s kvqj f;areï lr osh hq;=h
3 iQodkï ùug m%udKj;a ld,hla osh hq;=h
4 lreKQ oelaùug m%udKj;a wjia:djla osh hq;=h
by; ^4& ys i|yka m%udKj;a wjia:djka i|yd my; wx.hka we;=,;ah'
jdÑlj lreKQ oelaùug wjia:djla ,ndoSfï wjYH;djh

fuh tla tla isoaêfha lreKq u; r|d mj;S'
Exparte Selvarajan 1975 1 WLR 1686

;SrKh i|yd wjYH jQfha kS;sh u; mokï jQ lreKqh' isoaêuh lreKq iïnkaOfhka wdrjq,la fkdjqks. fuysoS
úksiqrka úiska idCIslrejkaf.ka ,sÅ; Rcq idCIs ,nd.ekSu idOdrK;aj ixl,am lvlsßula fkdjk njg
;SrKh flreKs' fuhu Exparte Anderson 1992 QB 169 ysoSo ;yjqre lr we;'
ta wkqj j¾;udk bx.S%is kS;s ;;a;ajh jkqfha isoaêuh lreKq iïnkaOfhka wdrjq,la fkdue;s úg jdÑl
ijkaoSu w;HjYH fkdjk njh bka ks.ukh l< yelafla isoaêuh lreKq iïnkaOfhka wdrjq,la we;s úg
idOdrK ijkaoSula i|yd jdÑl idCIs ijkaoSula ;sìh hq;= njh'
bx.S%is yd ,xld kS;sfha j;auka ;;a;ajh
1 mj;sk whs;sjdislïj,g n,mdk úg n,;, yd ld¾hhka j¾.SlrK kHdh bj; oeñh hq;=h'
2 mj;sk whs;sjdislï n,mdk mßmd,k ls%hdjkaysoS o idOdrKj lghq;= lsßug j.lSula we;'
;SrKhg fya;= oelaùfï wjYH;djh

tx.,ka; fmdÿ kS;sh ;=, ;ju wod, jHjia:dms; m%;smdokhla fkdue;s kï ñi ;SrKhg fya;= oelaùfï
j.lSula fkdue;. kuq;a úúO wjia:dj,oS wêlrKh wd.ka;=l m%ldY uÕska ;u ;SrKhka i|yd fya;+ka
oelaúh hq;= nj i|yka lr we;'
Eq. ß Properties Ltd v Saycher 1976 CH 319
Exparte Institute of Dental Surgery 1941 1 WLR 242
fya;= fkoelaùu uÕska iajdëk ne|Sula lv jk nj m%ldY flreKs'
Padfield v Minister of Food & Agriculture

;SrKhla i|yd fya;= oelaùfï wjYH;djh wjOdrKh l< w;r tfia fkdjk úg w;d¾lsl ùu u; n,
rys;h'
Exparte Lonhdrop
idCIs X kï ;SrKh foig fhduqj we;s úg Y kï ;SrKh fohs kï wksjd¾hfhkau fya;= oelaúh hq;=h tfia
fkdjqk fyd;a th n,rys; ‘
Rex v Civil Servise Appeal Board 1991 AER V 381

idOdrK;aj ixl,amh i,ld ish ;SrKj,g fya;= oelaúh hq;= nj lSu jeo.;ah' kuq;a cd;sl wdrCIdjg
n,mdk lreKq j,oS tfia lsßu wjYH ke;s njo i|yka flreKs'
Exparte Wilson (1992) AER 381/Exparter Stanish (1993)
fï ms<sn| YS% ,xldfõ ;SrKh jQ kvq j,oS my; mßos olajd we;'

27
Karawita v. Abeyratne 1983 2 SLR 306

;SrKhg fya;= fkdoelajqjfyd;a úksYaph wêldßfha ;SrKh ksYam%N jk nj wNshdpkdêlrKh oelaùh.
;jÿrg;a wm wêlrK fï ms<sn|j ork u;h kï ;SrKhg fya;= fkdoelaùu uÕska jd¾;d u;=msg fodaIhlao
yg.kakd njh ukao ksfhda.hg wod, fya;= fkdoelaùu uÕska jd¾;dj u;=msg fodaYhla we;s jk njg wm
wêlrK ;SrK ,ndoS we;s neúks'
Sammy v. Rent Board of Kadugannawa

;SrKhg fya;= oelaùu mk;l ;snqKo, ke;so l<hq;= neúka tfia fkdjqkfyd;a th iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uhka
lvùulao jd¾;dj u;=msg fodaYhlao jk nj i|yka flreKs'
Hamsa v. Commissioner of Inland Revenu 1988 1 SLR 312

fya;= oelaùu idOdrK;aj ixl,am j, meyeos,s wjYH;djhla nj oelajqK's
Karunadasa v. Gem Stones Ltd

fuysoS olajk ,oafoa wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 12 ^1& wkqj fya;= oelaùug fmdÿ j.lSula we;s nj;a kuq;a fya;=
oelaúh hq;= wjia:dj jkafka 140 jHjia:dj le|ùfuka wêlrK iud,dapkh mgka .;a úgh.
m%;smCI idCIslrejkaf.a yria m%YaK weiSug wjia:djla ,ndosh hq;=h
Rex v. Board of Visitors of Hull prison 1979 1 WLR 1401

fuysoS m%ldY l< mßos idCIslrejka weiq ÿgq idCIs ,ndfok úg Tjqkaf.a yria m%YaK weiSu i|yd wjia:djla
ß;shla jYfhka ,ndosh hq;= nj;a kuq;a ;Srljreka iïnkaO wjia:dj,oS yria m%YaK weiSu i|yd wjia:djla
,ndoSu m%;sfCIam lsßug wêlrKhg wNsu;hla we;'
Bushell v. Secretary of the state for Environment 1981 AC 75

yria m%YaK weiSug wjia:djla ,ndoSu tla tla kvqfõ lreKq u; r|d mj;S'
University of Ceylon v. Pernando 61 NLR

m%;HCI idCIslrejkaf.ka yria m%YaK weiSug we;s whs;sh iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uhkays we;s whs;shla jqj;a
tu whs;sh b,a,Sula fldg ,nd.; hq;=h
fuu ia:djrhu De Silva v Univeßity of Colombo 1986 2 SLR 288 ysoS o ;yjqre lr we;'
ffk;sl ksfhdackfha whs;sjdislu
Maynard v. Osmond 1977 QB 240

ffk;sl ksfhda.h wysñ lrñka iïmdokh lrk ,o jHjia:dms; ß;s j,x.= hhs wêlrKh ;SrKh l< w;r
;jÿrg;a mejiQfha mgyeks kS;s fkdue;s kï ffk;sl ksfhda.hg bv,ndosh hq;= njh'
Pett v. Greyhound Racing Association 1969 1 QB 125

ldrKh nrm;, tlla fõ kï ffk;sl ksfhdackhg bv ,ndosh hq;= nj oelajqj;a tys wNshdpkfhaoS fuu
woyi m%;sfCIam úh ta ksid meyeos,s jkafka tx.,ka;fha fï ms<sn| ;;a;ajh kï whs;sjdislï f,i fkdj
mßmd,kuh wêldßhg wNsu;h u; bv ,ndfok njh'
YS% ,xld kS;sfha ;;a;ajh fuhu nj Chulasubadra De Silva v The University of Colombo & Others 1986
2 SLR 288 ysoS olajd we;'
flfia kuqÿ 1978 wxl 2 ork wêlrK ixúOdk mkf;a 41^2& j.ka;sfha olajd we;s mßos wdKavql%u
jHjia:dfõ 105 1^wE& j.ka;sh wkqj msysgqjk wêlrK úksYaph wêldßka fj; bosßm;a ùfïoS
kS;S{jrfhl=f.a iyh ,nd.; yelsh'
ta wkqj fuysoS fmkS hkafka 1986 oS De Silva v University of Colombo kvqj úi|SfïoS wêlrK ixúOdk
mkf;a 41^2& j.ka;sh uÕyeß f.dia we;s njh'
28
úu¾YK l,a oeófï fyda w;aysgqùfï whs;sh

tjeks iqrCIs; whs;sjdislula ke;'
Priddle v Fisher & Sons 1968 1 WLR 1478

idOdrK b,a,Sula lr we;s úg th widOdrK f,i m%;sfCIam lr we;akï iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,Oùuhla lv lr
we;'
Rose v Humbles 1972 1 WLR 33

úu¾YK l,a oud .ekSu i|yd idOdrK b,A,Sula lr th m%;sfCIam lrkq ,enqjfyd;a ^úfYaIfhkau wod,
mqoa.,hdg fmkS isàug fkdyels jk mßos&& túg iajNdúl hqla;s O¾uhka W,a,x>Kh ù we;'
Austricher v Secretary of the State For Environment 1978 1 1810

wd.ñl j;dj;a u; úu¾IK oskh l,a;nd .ekSu i|yd lrk ,o b,a,Su i|yd whs;shla we;ehs ;SrKh úh'
fujka wdldrhgu úi÷ kvqlrhla YS% ,xldfõ ;ju;a fkdue;s kuq;a my; kvqlrhka fï iïnkaOfhka
jeo.;ah'
Silva v. Commissioner of National Housing (Unreported –CA 972 / 85)

meñKs,slre fojrla flduidßiajrhd fj; fya;= fkdolajd fmkS fkdisg f;jkjr ;ud ue;sjrK lghq;= j,
fhoS isák nj ,smshlska olajd úu¾IK oskh l,a;nd .ekSug l< b,a,Su flduidßiajrhd úiska m%;sfCIam lr
;snqKs'
fï ms<sn| úu¾YK uKav,hg bosßm;a l< wNshdpkh tu ,smsh kshñ; fõ,djg flduidßiajrhd fj; ,eî
fkd;snqKs hk lreK u; m%;sfCIam úh kuq;a wNshdpkdêlrKh flduidßiajrhdf.a m%;sfCIam lsßu idOdrKo
widOdrKo hk moku u; úuiñka b,a,Su m%;sfCIam lsßu idOdrK nj ;yjqre flreK's ^óg wNshdpkdêlrK
b,a,qïm;a No 25/87 uÕska b,a,Qúg th m%;sfCIam úh&
Gampaha Wickramarachchi Aryurveda Vidyalaya v Commissioner of Labour

(Unreported – CA 911/ 86)
lïlre flduidßiajrhdf.ka l,a;nd.ekSula b,a,d isákq ,enqfõ úu¾YK oekaùu yd úu¾YK oskh w;r
iq¿ ld,hla ;sîu;a ksid fm;aiïlre fiajh ,nd.ekSug wfmaCId lrk kS;S{jrhdg tosk Tyq ksfhdackh
lsßug fkdyels ksidh'
fuu b,a,Su lïlre flduidßiajrhd úiska m%;sfCIam lrkq ,enQ w;r Bg tfrysj i¾Ifhdrdß wd{djla
i|yd jQ b,a,Su wNshdpkdêlrKh úiska m%;sfCIam lrñka flduidßiajrhdf.a ;SrKh ia:Sr flreKs'
fï wkqj fmkS hkafka fï iïnkaOfhka YS% ,xldj ;=, wm wêlrK úiska ;rula oDv m%;sm;a;shla wkq.ukh
lrk njh kuq;a by;ska i|yka l< bx.S%is kvqlrhkaf.a oelafjk fï iïnkaO uQ,O¾uhka m%;sfCIam lsßula
isÿùo ke;s nj fmfka'
fpdaokdj oekqïoSu yd ijkaoSu i|yd idOdrK wjia:djla ,ndosh hq;=h

Wigneshwaran v Thambipillai 7 Others 1992 1 SLR 150
mqj;am;aj, m%isoaO lrkq ,eîu m%udKj;a oekqïoSula f,i i,lkq ,nhs' ^wkqñ; oekqïoSu ms<sn| ixl,amh
ms<s.ekqks&
fuysoS ksjdih mjrd.kq ,eîug fya;=jQ úu¾Yk ks<Odßhdf.a jd¾:dj úu¾YKhg fmr fyda meje;afjk
fõ,dfõoS fm;aiïlreg fkdfmkajQ w;r úu¾YKfhka miqj th ,ndÿks' wêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a l=uk
wjia:djl jqjo fm;aiïlre jd¾;dfõ wvx.= lreKq oek.;a neúka iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uhka m%udKj;a
f,i ms<smeo we;s njh'
fpdaokdfõ we;s jrfoa iajNdjh meyeos,slr osh qh;=h

University of Ceylon v Fernando
Trustees of Maradana Mosque v Badureen Mohomed 1967 1 AC 613
29
;udg tfrysj we;s m%ldYhka ì| oeóug fyda ksjeros lsßug whs;shla osh hq;=h
Board of Education v Rice 1911 AC 179
Vadamarachchi Education Society v Minister of Education
;SrKh fokakka úiskau ijka osh hq;=h

Paul v Wijerama
Passkaralinghem v Perera

30
kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdfú uq,O¾uh

kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdjka we;súh yels wdldr
1. n,h we;s wdh;khlska m%;s{djla $ ksfhda.hla oSu
2. ms<s.;a mqreoaola ^ iïm%odhla & fyda m%ldYs; m%;sm;a;h
s la ;=,ska mek k.sk kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdj
3. ks¾udkh lrk ,o whs;sjdislï
4. jHdjia:dms; whs;shlska mekk.sk kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdj
5. fiajl-fiajdfhdacl iïnkaO;d j,g wêldßka u.ska we;sjk kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdj
ms<s.;a mqreoaola ^ iïm%odhla & fyda m%ldYs; m%;sm;a;shla ;=,ska mekk.sk kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdj
mßmd,k wêldßhka úiska hï ms<s.;a iïm%odhkag tfrys ;SrK ,ndfok úg bka mSvdjg m;ajk md¾Yjhkag
th meyeos,sj m%ldY l, hq;=h fuh b;d fyd|ska fmkakqï l, kvqlrhla f,i
Rex v. Exparte Liverpool Taxi Fleet Operators Association 1972 2 QB 299 oelaúh yelsh'
fuysoS ms%ú ljqkais,hg mqoa.,hka i;=j ;snQ Coaches Carriages i|yd n,m;% oSug n,h ;snQ w;r tfia
w;S;fha isg lr ;snqKs' fufia w¨;a lrKq ,eîu m%;sCIam lßug idlÉcdjla fyda ijka oSula ,nd fkdoSu fuu
uQ,O¾uh lv lsßula nj m%ldY úh fuysoS fvkska idñjrhd m%ldY lf,a fufia lsßu u.ska mßmd,k wêldßh
idOdrK f,i lghq;= lsßu meyer we;s njh'
Rex v. Secretary of the State for home Department Exparte Azif Mohommod Khan 1984 WLR 1337
tx.,ka;fhka msg cSj;a jk orejl= jQ mdlsia:dkfha úiQ ;u nEkkqjka yod .ekSu i|yd whÿïlre iajfoaY
lghq;= wud;HdxYh úiska ksl=;a lrK ,o pl%f,aLKfha jQ wjYH;d imrkq ,eîug uy;a W;aidyhla .;a;o
whÿïm;%h m%;sCIam lrKq ,enqfõ miqj ksl=;a lrK ,o pl%f,aLhl wjYH;d ;Dma; lsßug whÿïlre
wfmdfydi;a jQ ksidh'
fuysoS whÿïlre ;ud úYajdi lrK ,o pl%f,aLKfha i|yka m%;smdok ;ud iïmQ¾K l, ksid whÿïm;
m%;sCIam fkdjk njg ;udg ksis n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla ;snQ njgo" idOdrK lreKq oelaùfï wjia:djla ,enqKs
kï ;udg ksis f,i lreKq oelaúh yelsj ;snQ njo" fï ksid ;udg ;u kvqj bosßm;a lsßug wjia:dj
fkd,enqk njgo" m%ldY lrñka wNshdpkd lrk ,os' pl%f,aLKfha ldrKd Wmfhda.S lrf.k whÿïm; i,ld
ne,Su lr fkd;snqk ksid yd fm;aiïlreg ;ud fjkqfjka lreKq bosßm;a lsßug wjia:djla fkd;sîu ksid
ld¾h mámdál kS;s W,a,x>kh ù we;snj wêlrKh ;SrKh lrk ,os'
kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdfú uq,O¾uh

wêlrK ;SrK j,g wkqj fmdfrdkaÿ ksrEmkhka yd ia:dms; mqreÿ j,g .re lsßula jYfhka ;Srlhskag
idOdrK;ajfha wfmaCIdjla we;. kuq;a ljqreka fyda hefmk hï m%;sm;a;shla ;Srlhl= fjkia lsßfïos thska
hemqk n,mEug ,la jkakdg tu m%;sm;a;sh fjkia l, fkdyels nj fmkajd oSug fyda tjeks l,ska ;SrKhla
fmkajd osu l, yel'
kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdfú ld¾h mámdál wka;¾.;h

flfkl=f.a yrhd;aul whs;Ska j,g n,mdk ksid l,ska fok ,o ;SrKhla tfia fjkia l, fkdyels nj
flfkl=g iuyr wjia:dj,os fmkajd osh yelsh
Rex v. Secretary of State for the Home Department Exparte Azif Mahamud Khan 1984 (1) WLR 1337
uyd ì%;dkHhg msáka <ufhla yod jvd .ekSug m%;smdok iys; pl%f,aLKhla iajfoaY lghq;= ld¾hd,fhka
ksl=;a lrk ,os ;u mlsia:dkfha isák nEkd yod.ekSug tla whÿïlrefjla fï ish,q m%;smdok imqrk ,os'
whÿïm; m%;slafIam jqfha pl%f,aLKhys ioyka jq ke; ;j ÿrg;a ;sfnkd m%;smdok wiïmQ¾K hehs mjiïks'
Tyqf.a ;¾lh jQfha Tyq hemqkd jq pl%f,aLfha m%;smdok j,g Tyqg kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdjla ;snq njh' tu
whÿu ms<s.k ld¾hd,fha m%;slafIam lsßfï ;SrKh bj; ouk ,os
Rex v. Liverpool Corporation Exported Taxi Fleet Operations Association 1972 QB 299
fuu kvqfõos wod, wêldßfha ;SrK j,g wiq jQ l=,Sr: ßhÿrka ;¾al lf,a ;ukag Tjqkaf.a ^ksfhdackhla&
u;h m%ldY lrkakg bv m%ia:djla ,eìug m%:u ;SrKh .;a njh' wêlrKh tu ksfhdackh lsßfï whs;sh
31
ms<s.;a;o tu l%shdj mßmq¾K úOdhl l%shdjla neúka wêlrKhg we.s,s .eish fkdyels hehs lshïka fm;aiu
m%;slafIam lrk ,os'
kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdfú uq,O¾uh ms<sno Y%s ,xldfú ;;ajh
kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdjla mek k.skafka flfiao@

Rex v. Liverpool Corporation Exported Taxi Fleet Operations Association 1972 QB 299
tla;rd m%foaYhl l=,Sr: ßhÿrkag yosisfhau tu m%foaYfha l=,Sr: Odjk whs;sh ke;slrk ,oafoa
md,kdêldßfha m%;sm;a;s fjkia úulsks' fvkska idïjrhd úiska fuu l%shdj fy,d olsk ,oafoa tu ßhÿrka yd
lsisu idlÉPdjla fkdue;sj ;SrKh .;a neúks'
CCSU v. Minister of Civil Services 1985 AC 374

kvqfúoS hï rdcH fiajlhka msßilf.a fiajd flkafoais fjkia lrk ,os w.%dud;Hjrhd úiska CCSU ys jD;a;Sh
iï;s idudcsl;ajh ;ykï lrk ,os fufia lf,a tu fiajlfhda iu. idlÉPdjla fkdfldgh' isú,a fiajd iï;s
ljqkai,fha (Council of Civil Service Union) ;¾lh jqfha Tjqkag tfia idlÉPdjla ,eìug kS;Hdkql+,
wfmaCIdjla we;s njh' idï uKav,h m%ldY lf<a tfia kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdjla we;s nj ms,s.;a;o fuu ;SrKh
cd;sl wdrCIdj ksid .;a ;SrKhla ksid thg tl. úh hq;= njh'
CCSU kvqj miqìula lr .ksïka Asif Mohomed Khan kvqfõoS fuu yrh bosßm;a lrk ,os
1. fm;aiïlref.a b,a,qï m;%h m%;sCfIam lsßug m%:u Bg ijka osh hq;=h
^hï ld¾hmámdál m%;sm;a;s fjkiaúula u;&
2. fm;aiïlreg ;udf.a fm;aiu úNd. l< hq;af;a ukaoehs ikd: lsßug wjia:djla osh hq;=h
fndfyda bx.%sis kvqlrj, kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdfõ ld¾hmámdál wxYh ie,lSug ,la jqjo fuu kvqfúoS
yrhd;aul wxYho ie,lSug .;a nj fmfkhs' fuys wka;¾.;h ld¾ahmámdáloehs $ yrhd;auloehs hk
újdoh wog;a bx.%sis kS;sfha mj;skakls'
Rex v. Secretary of State Transport 1984 1 WLR 74

f,daúia úksiqre;=ud kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdj ld¾h mámdál muKla hehs lshk ,os' ^kvqj úNd.lsßfï whs;sh&
Rex Vs Minister of Agriculture 1994

fiâ,s úksiqre;=ud m%ldYlf,a whq;a;sh u; yrhs;aul me;a;lg kS;HdkQl+, wfmaCIdj f.k hd yels njh
f,daúia úksiqre;=ud m%ldY lf<a yrhd;aul kS;sh wêlrK iudf,dapkhg ,la jqjfyd;a hï mßmd,k
m%;sm;a;shla lsisod fjkia lsßug fkdyels njh fiâ,s úksiqre;=ud thg tl. fkdùh' Tyq lSfú m%;sm;a;s
fjkia ùug uyckhdg wfmaCIdjla we;slr .ekSu wkS;sl njh t;rï ÿrg uyckhdf.a wfmaCIdj fkdhk
ksid mßmd,k jHqy j,g tfia ndOdjla fkdjk njh'
Jayasena Vs Punchi Appuhamy 1980 1SLR 148

kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdfõ isoaOdka;h ,xldfõ m<uqj mek ke.=fka kvqfõoSh. ;ïnhshd úksiqre;=ud ld¾h
j¾.SlrK kHdh m%;sfCIam lrïka wNshdpkdêlrKfha ;SrKh jqfha oekg mj;sk ueKsla .eßfï n,m;%h
l,a bl=;aúug m%:u idlÉPdjla fkdue;sj th wfydais lsßu kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdjg mgyeks njh

Sundarakaran v. Bharathi 1989 1SLR 46
wurisxy úksiqre;=ud fYa%IaGdêlrkh oS ;SrKh l, kvqjls. fmr kvqj fuka u;ameka n,m;%h idlÉPdjla
fkdue;sju ld,hg m%:u wfydais úh fuh kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdjg mgyeks hhs lshk ,os' fuúg j.W;a;rlre
m%ldY lf<a kvqj wik iuh jk úg fldfydu;a Tyqf.a n,m;%fha ld,h bl=;a ú we;s njh tksid lrk ,o
i¾aIsfhdrdß wd{dj ;ukag wod, fkdjk njh fuu isoaêh ÿgq wêlrKh i¾Isfhdrdß wd{dj m%;sCIam lr
uekavduqia wd{djla ksl=;a lf<a mßmd,k l%shdj ksid ;udg wysï jQ ld, m%udKhg muKla n,m;%h ksl=;a
lrk f,ih.

32
fuu kvqfõ ;j;a úfYaI isoaêhla jqfha foam, hkakg kj w¾a:l:khla oSu fuysos foam, hkakg hï jHdmdrhla
fyda csúldjla n,m;%hla u; isÿfõ kï tu n,m;%h we;=,;a úh hq;= jkafka thg hï uqo,auh jákdlula
ysïjk ksidh'
Perera Vs Commissioner of National Housing 1999 1SLR 148

;siai nKavdrkdhl úksiqre;=ud fuu kvqfúoS n,dfmdfrd;a;=j yd kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdj w;r fjki fidhk
,os fuysoS hï l=,S ksjeisfhla tu ksji ï<oS .ekSug whÿï lf<ah' l,ska fm!oa.,sl iud.ulg whs;s jq fuu
ksji oeka cd;sl ksjdi wêldßh hgf;a úh flduidßiajrhd ksjeishdg lkaiSulg wdrdOkd fkdfldgu l=,S
ksjeishd bka my lrk ,os ksjeishd wNshdpkdêlrKfhaoS lreKq folla ms<snoj ;¾l lrk ,os
1. iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾u ì| jeà we;s njg
2. ksji uqo,g .ekSug wh÷ïm;la ÿka neúka th ñ,osekSug ;snQ kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdj lv ù we;s njg
fuu ksji msysgd ;snqfKa ckdêm;s ukaosrhg lságqfjks iydhsm;hl ;snQ fuu ksji flduidßiajrhd úiska
bj;a lsßu iajNdúl hqla;s uq,O¾u j,g mgyeks jqjo th hqla;siy.; hehs wNshdpkdêlrKh yd
fY%aIaGdêlrKh ms<s.kakd ,os' wod, wheÿï hjk ,oafoa mkf;a igykaj ;snQ ld,hg msákah'
(Ceilingon Housing Property Law 1 / 1973)
tuksid Tyqg kslïu n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla ñi kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdjla fkdjQfhah'
Vaaz Gunawardena V Perera 1997 2 SLR 222

GPS o is,ajd w.úksiqre;=ud fuu kvqfõoS nexl=fõ idudkH isß;g msáka hï m;aula isÿúh tjeks m;aùulg
hï ld¾hmámdáhla fokakd jQ kS;sß;s fkdùh' fm;aiïlre lSfõ tu m;aùug iqÿiaid ;ud njh Tyq
wêlrKfhka i¾Isfhdardß yd uekavduqia wd{d me;Sh. wêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a fm;aiïlreg thwNsfhda.
lsßug whs;shla ke;s neúka Tyqg we;af;a n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla muKla njh'
by; kvqj fY%aIaGdêlrKfha uQ,sl whs;sjdislï kvqjl yd wNshdpkdêlrKfha ßÜ wd{d kvqjl fuka lsßu
y÷kd.; yels losu kvqjls' tu kvqjg WKC Perera v. Prof. Daya Edirisinghe kvqfõ uQ,sl whs;sjdislï yd
iïnkaOj ;¾l l<d kï ;SrKh fjkia ùug bv ;snqKs'
National Property Development Ltd v. Urban Development Socity

k.r ixj¾Ok wêldßh iuÕ X kï iud.ula ,ehsia;=.; wêldßh X iud.fuka fhdackdjla iïu; lf<a
wod, bvfuka .d,la f.dvke.Su iïnkaOjh tubvu wjqreÿ 99 lg noaog oSug tlÕ úh wod, uqo,a f.jd
ish¿ ,sms f,aLK iqodkï úh'
rch udreùu;a iuÕu wêldßh wod, bvu X iud.ug ,nd fkdoSug ;SrKh lf<ah'
wNshdpkdêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a fomd¾Yjhgu lka oSfï uQ,O¾uhg mgyeksj ls%hdlr we;s nj;a tu ;SrKh
kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdjg mgyeks nj;ah'
rKrdcd úksiqre m%ldY lf<a uyck kS;sfhys mqoa.,hskag oeä fia n,mj;ajk fm!oa.,sl whs;Ska ke;;a
kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdjla we;s njh' kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdjkag n,mdk tu ;SrK wêlrK iudf,dapkhg ,lal<
yel'
fuhska fmkS hkafka hï uyck n,Odßfhla mqoa.,fhl= ;=, hï wfmaCIdjla we;slr tu wfmaCIdfõ ls%hd
lrkakg fhoù we;akï Tyq .;a tu ;SrKh kej; wdmiq yerùula l< fkdyels njh' uyck kS;sfha fuu
isoaOdka;h tiafgdam,a (Estoppel) isoaOdka;h yd iei|Su jeo.;ah'
Dr. Gunanandan v. University of Jaffna

kvqfõoS fm;aiïlre wd.ka;=l wdpd¾hjrfhl= f,i úYaj úoHd,hg m;a úh Tyqf.a fiajd .súiqu tlos.gu
wjqreÿ 6 la oS¾> lr ;snqKs' fjk ljqreka fyda tu wod, ks<hg ia:Sr f,i m;alr ;snqfKao ke;. tuksid
wod, ks<hg wh÷ï l< uydpd¾hjrhdf.a b,a,qïm;%h i,ld ne,Sug Tyqg kS;Hdkql+, whs;shla ;sìK'

33
wod, wjYH;djhla fjkia lrkq ,eîu rcfha m%;sm;a;shla nj iajfoaY wud;HxYh mejiqj;a ;ud wod, lr
.;a pl% f,aLKh u; whÿï m;%h i,ld n,kq ,eîu ioyd whÿïlreg kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdjka we;ehs
wêslrKh oelaùh'
by; kvqfõ wNshdpkh i,lk úsg tys ksis n,dfmdfrd;a;+j ms<sno ldrAhmásmdál uQ,OrAuhkao wvx.+ jk
nj fmfka. fïs iïnkaOfhka bx.%Sis wêslrKfha úsjdos; ;;ajhla mj;sk w;r m%;súsfrdaO;djhla o mj;Ss'
ksrAudKh lrk ,o whs;sjdislula
Jayasena v Punchi Appuhamy (1990) 2 SLR 43

fm;aiïslreg jirla ioyd ueKsla .eßug n,m;%hla ksl+;a lrkq ,enq w;r th udi 7lska wj,x.+ flreKs
tfia jqjo wj,x.+ lsßu iïsnkaOfhka Tyqg lreKq oelaùsug wjia:djla ,nd fkdÿka w;r fm;aiïlre úiska
tls wj,x.+ lsßu n, rys; lrk i¾aIsfhdardß wd{djlao ;udg b;sß udi 5g wjir m;%hla ksl+;a lrjd
.eksug uekavduqia wd{djlao whÿïs lrk ,os wod, wj,x.+ lsßfïs l%shdj mßmd,kuh l%%shdjla njo, ta ksid
iajNdúl hqla;s uq,O¾au wod, lr .; hq;+ ke;ehso rch fjkqfjka ;¾al lrk ,os'
fuysos ;ïnhshd úksiqre m%ldY lf<a ^tjlg bx.%sis wêlrKfha we;s jq m%jk;d i,ld n,ñka& fm;aiïlreg
b;sß udi 4l ld,h ioyd ysñúh hq;+ jq wjir m;%h lreKq úNd. lsßulska f;drj wj,x.+ lr we;s njh'
;jÿrg;a Tyq m%ldY lf<a ndOd rys;j udi 12 la;u ldrAh lsßug fm;aiïlreg ks;Hdkql+, wfmalaIdjla
mej;s njo, fuysos ldrAhmámdál ks;sfha ksis n,dfmdfrd;a;+ kHdh fukau yrhd;aul ks;sh fhdod.; yels
njh'
fuu ;srKh my; fya;+ ksid jeo.;a fõ'

• tu.ska ks;Hdkql+, wfmalaIdfõ uq,OrAuh ,xldfõ ia:dmkh lsßu
• tu.ska ldrAhhka jrA.slrKh lsßfï kHdh m%;slafIam lsßu
• th ld¾hmámdál n,d;sl%ukh hgf;a iajNdúl hqla;s uq,OrAuhka fhoùug wfmdfydi;a ùu
fukau mßmd,k wêldßka ;u jHjia:dms; n,h fhoùfïs os mqoa.,fhl+f.a ks;Hdkql+,
wfmalaIdjgo n,mEula ù ;snqKs
Sundharkaran v Bharathi (1989) 1SLR 46

1987 j¾Ih ioyd u;ameka n,m;%hka ,nd .eksug fm;aiïlre n,m;% .dia;+ f.jd whÿï m;la bosßm;a
flreKs ^l,ska jrAI 2la ioyd Tyqg n,m;% ,eî ;snqKs'& osidm;s ld¾hd,fhka Tyqg mjikq ,enqfõ 1986
fmnrjdß udifha os uqo,a wud;Hjrhd ksl+;a l< pl%f,aLhla wkqj wod, Pkao fldgsGdYfha ish,qu uka;%skaf.a
wkque;sh ,nd .eksug fkdyels jq ksid n,m;%h ,nd osug fkdyels njh' irAIsfhdardß yd uekavduqia wd{djka
ioyd jq whÿïm;% wNshdpkdêslrK úiska m%;slafIam lrkq ,enqfha pl%f,aÇh m%;smdok wkq.ukh lsßu
wksjdrAh ùu;a th úOdhlhkaf.a m%;sm;a;shla neúa wêlrK iudf,dapkhlg ,la l< fkdyels ùu;a hk fya;+
u;h'
kuq;a fY%aIaGdêlrKfha os fuu wNshdpkdêlrK ;srKh wê;SrKh jq w;r tysoS wurisxy úksiqre mejiq
mßos
• wNshdpkdêlrK ;srKfha ksjerosNdjh m%Yak lrkq fkd,nk kuq;a mßmd,k ks;sh u; ;srK
.eksfï l%shdj,sh mßlaId lrkq ,nhs'
• n,m;% m%;slafIam lrkq ,eîug fmr fm;aiï lreg ijka osula ,ndosu iajNdúl hqla;s
uq,O¾uhkag wkqj wksjdrAh wjYH;djhls'
• n,m;%hlg uQ,Huh jákdlula we;s w;r tfyhska tys foam,uh whs;sjdislula we;. th
;srKh lrkq ,eîfï ks;Hdkql+, wfmalaIdj iys; n,m;%hla orkafkl+ jYfhka f,;aiïlreg
mqrAK yd idOdrK ijka osfï wjia:djla ,nd .eksug whs;shla we;'
• wod, n,m;%h j,x.+ jrAIh ^1987& miqù ;snqKo wd{d m%odkh lsßu ksIaM, l%shdjla fkdjkafka
wkd.;fha os fm;aiïlreg mqrAK yd idOdrK ijka osulg we;s whs;sh ms<s.kq ,nk ksidh'

34
Schmidt v. Secretary of the State of Home Affairs

fuu uq,OrAuh m%:u jrg bx.%sis kS;sfha we;s úh hï ld,hla ioyd jdih lsßug wjir .;a úfoaYslfhl+
th isud lrkq ,eîug fmr idlÉPdjla ,nd .eksfï ks;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdjla we;ehs wêlrKh ;srKh lf<ah'
Multinational Property Development Ltd v UDA (1996) 2 SLR 51

1978 wxl 41 ork mk; u.ska msysgqjkq ,enq wêldßhla u.ska 99 wjqreoaokg nÿ osug tl. jq foam, rch
udre ùu u; wjqreoaolg miq mejßu m%;sfCIam flreKs' fuu.ska whÿïlref.a ks;Hdkql+, wfmaIdj lv jq
njg ;srKh flreKs'
jHjia;dms; whs;shlska mek k.sk ks;Hdkql+, wfmalaIdj

jrA;udkfha fndfyda rdcHhka ;+< mj;akd rdcHh iqNidOl ixl,amh u; fndfyda úg jHjia:d u.ska mqoa.,
iqNidOkhka i,id we;'
Wod( f.j,a l+<S mk;
bvï m%%;sixialrk mk;
fujka úgl wod, mdrAYjhka tu m%;smdokhka wkqj lghq;+ lrkq we;ehs wfkla mdrAYjhka f.a wfmalaIdjla
we;' fujka m%;smdok lvlsßï fïhgf;a kvqlrhka f.k taug uQ<Od;+ka imhhs'
Mahilal v Commissioner of National Housing AER (2002) Vol 1

fuysos nÿlrefjl+ ;ud csj;a jk bvu yd ksji ñs,g .ekSug b,a,Ssula lr ;snQ w;r wod< mßlaIK j,ska
miq flduidßiajrhd th Tyqg osh yels njg ;SrKh flreKq kuq;a ñs,oS .ekSï isÿlsßug fmr Tyq ñsh .sh
neúka Tyqf.a tlu kS;Hdkql+, Wreulrejd f,i ìßo ta ioyd l< b,a,Su flduidßia úiska m%;slafIam flßKs'
fuysoS nÿlref.a ñh hdu;a iu.u ksji iïnkaO Tyqg ;snQ whs;sjdislï wjika jQ njg flduidßiajrhd
;¾l l< w;r ksjiska neyer jk f,ig nÿlref.a ìßog okajd ;sfí'
óg tfrysj weh ^fm;aiïldßh& i¾Isfhdardß yd ;ykï wd{djla b,a,d isá w;r wNshdpkdêlrKh ;SrKh
lf<a nÿlref.a cSú; ld,h ;=< wod< mßlaIKhla isÿ lr Tyqf.a jdishg ;Skaÿjla oS we;s ksid Tyqf.a
kS;Hdkql+, Wreulre f,i ìßog ta ioyd ysñslïs mEug kS;Hdkql+, wfmalaIdjla we;súh yels njh'
Desmond de Perera & Others v Karunarathna, Commissioner of National Housing(1997)1SLR148

jHjia:dms;j oelafjk udi 04l ld,iSudjg miqj nÿlrefjl= ksjdihla ñs,oS .ekSu ioyd whoïs lr ;snqKs'
fuysoS wNshdpkdêlrKh fukau fY%aIaGdêslrKh ;srKh lf<a nÿlref.a b,a,Sug ijka oSfï wjYH;djhla
fkdue;snjh ula ksido h;a wod< ld,iSudfjka miqj Tyqg we;af;a kS;Hdkql+, wfmalaIdjlg jvd yqÿ
n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla muKla ksidh'
WKC Perera v. Prof. Daya Edirisinghe & Others

fuysoSo ks;Hdkql+, wfmalaIdfõ uQ,O¾aufhys j¾Okhla isÿ jQ w;r fï ms<snoj bosßfhaoS idlÉsPdfõ fiajl-
fiajdfhdacl iïnkaO;d j,g wod< jHjia:dms; wêldßka uÕska we;sjk kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdj fiajl-
fiajdfhdacl iïnkaO;d j,g wod< jkafka .sjsiqï fCIa;%hg ksid tx.,ka;fha fukau ,xldfõsoS fï
iïnkaOfhka ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a l< fkdyels nj m%ldY lr we;'
Malloch v. Aberdeen corporation (1971)1WLR1578

Vidyodaya Univercity v. Leines Silva 66NLR505
idudkHfhka fiajl fiajdfhdacl iïnkaO;djloS i<lkafka lreK lSug bvÿkakdo hkak fkdj .súiqï
lvùula isÿ jQjdo hkak kuq;a hï wjia:djl jHjia:dms; m%;smdokhka u; fiajl fiajdfhdacl iïnkaO;djhla
;SrKh jk úg ta iïnkaO lvlsßï ioyd ßÜs wd{d ksl=;a l< yels nj fmfka'
Nanayakkara v. Institute of Charted Accuntants (1981)2SLR 52

Vaaz Gunawardane v. Perera(1997)2SLR222
cd;sl b;sßlsßfï nexl=fõs ksfhdacH idudkHdêldßjrhd f,i nexl=fõ ld¾hh uKv,fha msg; mqoa.,fhl=
m;a lr ;snqKs fï ioyd iqÿiqlï ;snQ nexl= fiajlfhl= fïs m;a lsßu j,ska ;u kS;Hdkql+, wfmalaIdjka ìo
35
jegqfka hehso ;ud ta ioyd iqÿiaid hehso mjiñka wêlrKfha iyk me;+ w;r wNshdpkdêslrKh by; m;a
lsßu j<lajñka rÜ wd{d ksl=;a lr ;snqKs'
kuq;a fuu m;a lsßu ioyd wod< mqoa.,hdg kS;Hdkql+, wfmalaIdjka we;s lr .ekSfï yelshdjla ke;ehs mjid
fY%aIaGdêlrKfhaos fuu ;SrKh m%;sj¾; flreKs'
kS;Hdkql+, wfmalaIdfõs uQ,O¾uh flfrys we;s iSud
Desmond Pereras Case

kS;Hdkql+, wfmalaIdj hkak yqÿ n,dfmdfrd;a;=j hkafkka meyeos,sj fjka lr yÿkd.; hq;=h'
Azif Mohmood Khan Case

hï ms,s.;a m%;sm;a;Ska u; ;SrK .kaakd jsg kS;Hdkql+, wfmalaIdj hkak wod< ld¾ahh mámdàkag wkql+,j
ls%hdlsßu hkakg iSud fõ' cd;sl wdrlaIdj iusnkaOfhka n,mEus isÿjk jsg ldrahh mgsmdgSkag wkqj ls%hd
lsßuo m%;slafIm fõ'
jeo.;a lreKla kS;Hdkql+, wfmalaIdfõs uQ<O¾uh hkak ld¾hh mámdál n,d;sl%uKh hgf;a fukau
yrhd;aul n,d;sl%uKh hgf;ao j¾a. l< yels njg tx.,ka;fha u;fNaohka mj;akd nj fmfka'
Rex v. Secretary of the State for Transport

fuysos mejiQfha th ld¾hh mámdál n,d;sl%uKh hgf;a j¾. l<hq;= njh'

Rex v. Minister of Agriculture Fisheries & Foods
fuysoS mjid we;af;a yrhd;aul n,d;sl%uKh hgf;a fm< .eiafjk wúpdrl;ajh hgf;ao fhosh yels njh'

36
ßÜ wd{d
mßmd,k kS;sfha m%;sl¾u w;ßka m<uq j¾.h ßÜ wd{dh'ßÜ wd{d mßmd,k ks<Odßka yd m¾Yo fj; mjrd
fokq ,nk n,;, u; ls%hd lsßfïoS tajd ksis whqre ls%hd;aul fkdjk wdldrhlska by; idlÉPd lrkq ,enQ
w;r tjeks úgloS wêlrKfha iyk ,nd.; yels m%Odku m%;sl¾uhla f,i ie,flkafka ßÜ
wd{djka ,nd .ekSuh. wm wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 140 jHjia:dj uÕska wNshdpkdêlrKhgo 1990 $ 19
orK mk; uÕska ^13 jk wdKavql%u jHjia:d 154 j.ka;sh uÕska ixfYDaê; mßos& m,d;ano uydêlrKhgo
m<uq wdKavql%u jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh uÕska wdKavql%u jHjia:dj mßos 140 jHjia:djg l< ixfYdaOkh wkqj
fY%aIaGdêlrKhgo ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a lsßfï n,h ,ndoS we;s w;r wêlrKhka úiska jHjia:dkq.; lreKq u;
1. i¾Isfhdrdß wd{d
2. fmdysìIka wd{d
3. uekavduqia wd{d
4. ksfrdOdf{da ^bkackaIka&
5. lafjda fjdrkafgda wd{djka fhdod.; yelsh ß
m%dfhda.slj ne,Q l< m,d;ano uydêlrKfha ßÜ wd{d ,nd.ekSfï wjldY wka wjia:dj,g jvd iSñ; nj
fmfka. ula ksido h;a
1 fuuÕska ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a lsßu lrkafka tu m,d; ;=, n,h ls%hd;aul lrkafkl=g tfrysj muKs.
^wod, isÿùu m,d; ;=, isÿúh hq;=hs &
2 tjeks n,;,hla ls%hd;aul l< hq;af;a
§ hï kS;shla ^md¾,sfïka;= mk;a&
§ m,d;aiNdfõ ´kEu m%{ma;shla u;
§ m,d;aiNd ,ehsia;=fõ jk lreKla iïnkaOj úh hq;= neúks'
wNshdpkhla ,nd.ekSug iy ßÜ wd{djla ,nd.ekSu w;r fjki kï

§ wNshdpkhla ,nd.; yels kï mk;l ta nj m%ldYs;j oelafjk w;r ßÜ wd{dj, tjeks iSudjla
ke; '
§ kS;suh yd isoaêuh jeros u; wNshdpkd l< yels kuq;a ßÜ wd{d ,nd.; yelafla kS;suh jro u;
muKs'
§ wNshdpkfhaoS m%;sl¾u m%OdkfhaoS my< wêlrK ;SrK ksYam%N lr m%;sl¾u m%Odkh l< yels w;r
ßÜ wd{dj,oS m%;sl¾u m%OdkfhaoS iSudjg ,lafõ'
i¾Isfhdardß wd{d
úOdhlhg wjYH f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSug yd my< wêlrK ;SrK mqKßCIK lsßu fyda kej; úNd.hg
f.kajd .ekSu i|yd i¾Isfhdardß wd{d fhdod.kakd nj fmfka'
Rex v. Electricity Commissioners Experty London Electricity Joint Commitiee (1920) 1924 1 KB 171
fuysoS weÜlska idñjrhd l< iïNdjkSh m%ldYh fuysoS jeo.;ah' tkï mqoa.,hskaf.a whs;sjdislï j,g n,mdk
wkaofï m%YaK ;SrKh lsßu ms<sn|j ffk;sl n,hla we;s iNdjla úksYaphsl wkaoñka lghq;= lsßfïoS n,h
blaujd lghq;= lr ;sfí kï by< wêlrKfha md,khg hg;a fõ hkqfjks'
hï jHjia:dms; wdh;khla úksYaph wêldßhla úiska ;udg mejreK n,;, ls%hd;aul lsßfïoS n,d;sl%uKhla
isÿ lrñka fokq ,nk ;SrK ksYam%N lsßug i¾Isfhdrdß ,ndfohss'
fï wkqj i¾Isfhdrdß ßÜ wd{djla ksl=;a lsßug my; wx. iemsßh hq;= nj fmfka'
§ lsishï mqoa., uKav,hla $ wêldßhla ;sìh hq;=h'
fï hgf;a idudkHfhka my< wêlrKh;a, mßmd,k iNdjla, m,d;a md,k ks<Odßfhl=g, jHjia:dms;
wdh;khl fmdÿ lghq;a;l kshe,S isák ks<Odßfhl=g, rcfha fomd¾.fïka;=jlg fyda weu;sjrfhl=g
úreoaO jqj;a i¾Isfhdardß ksl=;a l< yels jqj;a rchg úreoaOj ksl=;a lrkq fkd,efí'
§ tu uKav,h jHjia:dms; wêldßhla úh hq;=h ^ffk;sl n,hla ;sìh hq;=h&

37
fuys ffk;sl n,hla hkq jHjia:dms;j ,efnk n,hhs' fomd¾Yjhla w;r we;s lr.kakd .súiqula u;
n,h ,nkd mqoa.,sl ;Srlfhl= fj;" iafõÉPd ixúOdkhla fj;" idudkHfhka fuu wd{d ksl=;a lrkq
fkd,efí' kuq;a hï mqoa.,fhl= fyda iNdjl n,h uq,ska ìysjQfha .súiqulska fyda tlÕ;djhlska jqj;a miqj
Bg jHjia:duh n,hla mejrefka kï tjeks wjia:djloS Tjqka fuhg hg;ah'
§ mqoa., whs;sjdislï j,g n,mEula isÿj ;sìh hq;=h

fuys whs;sjdislï hkq mqoa., ksoyi N=la;s ú|Sug n,mdk hk f;areu ,ndfoa'
Rex v. Criminal Injuries Compensation Board 1967 3 WLR 348

fuh jHjia:dms; wdh;khla fkdjQjo ia:dmkh fldg ;snqfKa mrudêldß rdc wd{djlsks' ;jo uqo,a
imhk ,oafoa md¾,sfïka;=j úisks' fuysoS wêlrKfha m%ldY lf<a fuh jHjia:dms; wêldßhla fkdjQj;a fmdÿ
iajNdjfhka lghq;= lrk ksid ^mqoa., whs;sjdislï j,g n,mdk ksid& i¾Isfhdardß wd{djla ksl=;a l< yels
njh'
§ úksYaphl f,i lghq;= lsßug hq;=lula ;sìh hq;=h
i¾Isfhdardß wd{djla ksl=;a lsßug n,mdk lreKq

• wêlrKfha n,hla fkdue;s ùu
§ n,h blaujd hdu
§ wêlrKfha n,fhka msg; ls%hd lsßu
§ wêldßh kS;sHdkql+,j msysgqjd fkd;sîu
§ kS;sh ms<sn| jeroSu
• iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uhka wkq.ukh fkdlsßu
• jd¾;dj u;=msáka fmfkk fodaIh
• jxpdj yd jxl iyfhda.h
fm%dysìIka ^;ykï& wd{d

my< wêlrKhla úksYaph wêldßhla ;u wêlrK n,fhka neyerj fyda kS;shg mgyeksj ls%hd lsßu
je<elaùug by< wëCIK wêlrKhla úiska lrkq ,nk ksfhda.hls'
i¾Isfhdardß yd fm%dysìIka wd{d w;r we;af;a b;d wdikak iudk;ajhlah' tkï fm%dysìIka wd{djla ksl=;a
lrkafka jHjia:dms; n,hla we;s m¾Yohla n,Odßfhl= úksYaphl wkaoñka lghq;= lsßfïoS n,fhka msg;
ls%hdjla lr wjika ;Skaÿjla oSug m%:u jk w;r wjika ;Skaÿjla we;s úg fhdod.kafka i¾Isfhdardß wd{djla
nj fmfka'
Rex v. Electricity Commissioners

kvqfõoS m%ldY jQfha fm%dysìIka wd{djla fndfydaÿrg i¾Isfhdardß wd{djla md,kh jk isoaOdka; j,g wkqj
md,kh jk nj;a" úksYaÑ; fyda úksYaphl ld¾hhka isÿlrk wêldßkag tfrysj muKla ksl=;a lrkq ,nk
nj;ah'
Dias v. Abewardena 68 NLR 409

fuysoS oelajQfha lreKQ fidhdne,Sula muKla lrd iNdjlg úreoaOj fuu wd{d ksl=;a l< fkdyels jqj;a
Tjqkaf.a ;SrKfhka mqoa., whs;sjdislï i|yd n,mEula jkafka kï muKla tu ;;a;ajh fjkia úh yels
nj;a h'
uekavduqia wd{d
kS;sh uÕska fmdÿ ks<Odßka wdh;k úiska bgq lsßug ne|S isák fmdÿ hq;=lï bgqlrjd .ekSug uekavduqia
b,a,d isáh yelsh' by; oelajQ i¾Isfhdardß yd fm%dysìIka wd{djka kS;súfrdaë ls%hd iïnkaOfhka
fhdokq ,enqj;a uekavduqia wd{djla fhdokq ,nkafka kS;súfrdaë w;miqlß
s ï i|ydh'
uekavduqia wd{d wêlrKd;aul, w¾O wêlrKd;aul mßmd,k ls%hd iïnkaOfhaoS fukau w¾O mßmd,k
ls%hdj,oS o fhdod.; yels nj uydpd¾h cS t,a mSßia uy;d mjihs'

38
uekavduqia wd{djla ksl=;a lsßug fya;=

1 meyer yer we;s j.lSula fmdÿ iajrEmfhka úh hq;=h
2 lsishï hq;=lula bgqlsßug b,a,qï lrk ,ÿj th m%;sfCIam lr ;sìh hq;=h
meyer yer we;s j.lSula fmdÿ iajrEmfhka úh hq;=h

In re Kanagaratne’s Case 1 NLR 34
fuysoS fm;aiïlre ;udg c,h fkdiemhSh hk moku u; k.r iNdjg úreoaOj uekavduqia wd{djl ms<sirK
me;+ w;r wêlrK u;h jQfha fld<U k.r iSudj ;=, jdih lrkakkag îug c,h iemhSu ñi f.orfodr
wjYH;d i|yd c,h iemhSfï ffk;sl hq;=lula fkdue;s fyhska uekavduqia wd{djla ksl=;a l< fkdyels
njh'
Perera & Others Vs Ceylon Government Railway Uniform Staff 67 NLR 191
fuysoS ix.ufha uyd iNd /iaùula le|jk f,i n,lrñka ix.ufha ks<Odßkag úreoaOj uekavduqia
wd{djka ,nd.; fkdyelafla Tjqkaf.aa ls%hdjka fmdÿ iajNdjfha fyda uyckhdg jeo.;a jk ld¾hhka fkdjk
ksid nj ;SrKh úh'
lsishï hq;=lula bgqlsßug b,a,qï lrk ,ÿj th m%;sfCIam lr ;sìh hq;=h'

hï mqoa.,fhl=g uekavduqia wd{djla i|yd b,a,qï lrkafka kï hï fmdÿ hq;=lula bgqlsßug ;ud b,a,qï l<
njo th m%;sfCIam jQ njgo idOl ;sìh hq;=h kuq;a b,a,Su m%;sfCIam lrk njg m%ldYs;j olajd fkdue;s
kï b,a,Su m%;sfCIam l<d yd iudk f,i ie,lsh yel'
uekavduqia wd{djla ksl=;a lsßfï iSud

1' rchg úreoaOj fyda rcfha fiajlfhl= rchg lrk j.lSula ms<sn|j uekavduqia wd{d ksl=;a lrkq
fkd,nk kuq;a rcfha fiajlfhl= fmdÿfõ uyckhd fj; bgql<hq;= jHjia:dms; j.lSula
bgqlrjd .ekSug fhdod.; yel' ^fuysoS rcfha fiajlhd j.lSu bgqlßs ug ne|S isákafka rcfha
ksfhdacs;hl= f,i fkdj ;u ks<h ksid úh hq;=h'&
City Transit Company Ltd Vs Wijesinghe 63 NLR 156

1958 oS mkjk ,o fudag¾ r: m%jdyk mk; uÕska rch úiska cki;= lrk ,o nia iud.ï j,g jkaos f.jk
wdldrh ;SrKhg wud;Hjrhdg n,h mjrd ;snQ w;r ta ms<sn|j we;s jQ m%YaKhloS wêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a
wud;Hjrhd rcfha fiajlfhl= jYfhka fkdj jHjia:d uÕska mekfjk ksfhda. u; ls%hdlsßug ne|S we;s
ks<hl lghq;= lrkafkla ùu ksid uekavduqia wd{djla ksl=;a l< yels njh'
Munasinha Vs Devarajan 57 NLR 286

fuysoS fm;aiïlref.a bvula rchg mjrdf.k we;. ta i|yd jkaos f.jd fkd;snqKs' tksid tu uqo, f.ùug
mq;a;,ï Wm osidm;sg ksfhda. lrñka uekavduqia wd{djla ksl=;a lrk f,i l< b,a,Su m%;sfCIam l<
wêlrKh m%ldY lf<a Wm osidm;s ls%hdlr we;af;a rcfha fiajlfhl= jYfhka tkï ksfhdacs;fhl= jYfhka
nj;ah'
2' uekavduqia wd{djla ksl=;a lsßug M,rys; jkúgoS ksl=;a fkdflf¾' fï hgf;aoS M,rys; jkúgoS
fukau j.W;a;rlreg tlS wd{dj ms<sn| ls%hdl, fkdyels njg fyd|dldrj m%lg jk úgoSo wd{dj
ksl=;a lsßfuka whÿïlreg lsis÷ m%fhdackhla fyda ,dNhlaa fkd,enk úgoSo ksl=;a fkdflf¾'
Simon Slllv Vs Assistant government Agent Kalutara 33 NLR 257

Jayasena V Punchi Appuhami 1990 2 SLR 43
kvq ;Skaÿ fï iïnkaOj jeo.;ah'
3' isoaêuh jeros ksjeros lsßug ksl=;a fkdlrhs'

Thajudeen v. Sri Lanka Tea Board 1981 2 SLR 471
isoaêuh jeroSu u; uekavduqia wd{d ksl=;a lsßu fuysoS m%;sfCIam flreKs'

39
4' fjk;a úl,am m%;sl¾uhla iykhla jYfhka we;s úgoS ksl=;a fkdflf¾
Dankotuwa Tea State v. Tea Control Board 40 NLR 36
fuysoS m%ldY jQfha wNshdpkhla uÕska iykhla ,nd.; yels úl,am mj;sk úg fuu wd{djka ksl=;a
fkdlrkq ,nk njhs'
5' whÿï lsßug wkjYH m%udohla mj;sk úg

Maanayake v. Siinayider
fuysoS b,a,qïm; bosßm;a lr we;af;a Pkaoh wjika ù udi 8 la .; ùfuka miqjh' tksid widOdrK
f,i m%udoùu u; uekavduqia iykhla ,ndoSu m%;sfCIam flreKs'
6' wd{dj ksl=;a lsßfuka úYd, msßilg whym;la isÿùu

P.S. Bus Company Ltd v. Members & Secretary of the Ceylon Transport Board 61 NLR 491
md¾,sfïka;=j ksis mßos ixia:dmkh ù fkd;sî hehs mjid tuÕska iïu; l< mk;la ^nia cki;=
lsßfï mk; hgf;a .ukd.uk uKav,h msysgqùu& wNsfhda.hg ,lal, kvqjls' fuysoS fm;aiïlrejka
b,a,d isáfoh ÿkfyd;a tuÕska md¾,sfïka;=j iïu; l< wka iEu mk;lau wj,x.= ùfuka úYd,
msßilg whym;la ùu u; iykhla ,nd fkdÿks'
7' whÿïlref.a yeisßu fodaI iy.; ùu

Lalith Athulathmudali and Others V MCM Kaleel And Others
ksfrdaOd{d (Injunction)
ksfrdaOd{d idOdrK Widú uÕska we;slrk ,oaols. m%isoaO n,Orhl= úiska n,h wdfrdamKh lr .ekSula fyda
n,h whq;= f,i m%fhdackhg .ekSula isÿjQ wjia:djloS ksfrdaOd{djla uÕska ta i|yd wNsfhda. l< yel.
fmdÿ kS;s m%;sl¾uhkag jvd fuh kuHYS,S iajNdjhla .kafka fïjd mQ¾j ks.uk uÕska we;s wvq n|Shduh' ;jo
fuu m%;sl¾uh msysg lr .ekSug iNdjla fyda n,Orhl= úksYaphl wkaoñka lghq;= lsßug wjYH fkdfõ'
fuysoS isÿjkafka wêlrKh bosßfha isákd mCIhlg hula lsßug fyda fkdlsßug n,lsßu tksid th ;ykï
ksfhda.hla fukau hula lsßug n,lrk ksfhda.hlao úh yelsh' ;jo ;djld,sl fukau ia:Sr jYfhkao m%ldY
l< yelsh'
fuysoS wd{djla b,a,d isàu fndfyda úg isÿjkafka tal md¾Yúlj ksid th m%Odkh lsßug wêlrKh oeä
f,i ish wNsu;h fhdod.kS' tysoS ú;a;slref.a ls%hdfjka oeä mdvqjla isÿjkafka hhs wêlrKhg
jegyS .shfyd;a muKla wd{djla ksl=;a lrkq ,efí'
ksfrdaOd{d ksl=;a lsßfïoS wêlrKhg we;s wNsu;h my; mßos fõ'

1' isÿjk ydksh b;d iq¨;r kï fyda th bosßhg isÿùug yelshdjla fkdue;s kï ksl=;a fkdlrhs'
2' meñKs,slreg fï i|yd fjk;a m%;sl¾uhl msysg .; yels ùu'
3' fï i|yd kshu m%;sl¾uh jkaoshla ,nd.ekSu kï
4' ú;a;slre bosßfhaoS fujka ydks fkdlrk njg fmdfrdkaÿjkafka kï
;jo fujka wd{djla wheo isákakd ksfodia úh hq;=h'
lafjda fjdrkafgda wd{d

fuh hï ;eke;af;l= ;u OQrh orkafka l=uk wêldßhla u;o hkak fmkajd fok f,i Tyqf.ka b,a,d isák
m%;sl¾uhls' rcfha n,m;%hlska fyda md¾,sfïka;= mk;lska we;slrk ,o ks,hl lghq;= lsßula ydryd
mqoa.,fhl=g úreoaOj ,nd.; yels w;r fuysoS wd{dj ,nd.; yelafla rcfha ksfhdacs;fhl= jYfhka
fkdj ;k;=f¾ fmdÿ iajNdjh ksidh. fuys uQ,sl mrud¾:h jkafka rcfha OQrhla ork wfhl=g tu Ÿrh
oeßug kS;Hdkql+, ysñlula ;sfíoehs ;SrKh lsßu'
Wod( kS;sm;s fmd,siam;s
ta wkqj fuu wd{djla ,nd .ekSu i|yd wjYH;d my; mßos oelaúh yelsh
1 ks,h fmdÿ ks,hla ùu Chandrasena v. Silva
2 tu ks,h ia:Sr tlla ùu
40
tkï th orkakdf.ka fjkaj ksoyiaj ;sìh hq;=h Perera v. Amarasinghe

3 ks,h wLKavj mej;Su
tkï ms<sj,ska wkqm%dma;slj wLKavj mej;sh hq;=h
4 i;H f,i jev Ndrf.k ;sìh hq;=h
5 whq;= m%udoh oafõY iy.; nj wdoS lreKq u; ,nd.; yels fkdfõ
6 wêlrKuh iajNdjfhka ls%hd lrk wfhl=g tfrysj .; fkdyel.
Inasitamby v. Government Agent Nothern Province 34 NLR 33

fuysoS chj¾Ok úksiqre;=ud mejiQfha uekavduqia ßÜ wd{djla yd lafjda fjrkafgda wd{djla tlu
uQ,O¾uhlska md,kh jk nj;a fï folu wNsu;dkqidß jk nj;ah'
pkaøfiak t is,ajd
mdi,l l<uKdldr OQrh fmdÿ iajNdjfha ks,hla fkdfõh hk moku u; lafjda fjdrkafgda wd{djla ksl=;a
lsßu fY%aIaGdêlrKh úiska m%;sfCIam flreKs'
ßÜ wd{d j, úIh m;h yd wdKavql%u jHdjia:dfõ uQ,sl whs;sjdislï mßÑfPaoh w;r iïnkaO;djh
ßÜ wd{d j, úIh m; i,ld n,k úg

1 yqfolau mßmd,k ;SrK ^ tkï mqoa., whsjdislï i|yd n,fkdmdk ;SrKhka &
2 fomd¾Yjhka w;r we;slr.kakd ,o .súiqula iïnkaO ldrKhla i|yd jkl ;SrK
i|yd idudkHfhka ßÜ wd{d ,nd fkdfok nj fmfka' fï iïnkaO ldrKd j,g wod, m%Yak.; wjia:djkaysoS
wêlrKhka olajd we;af;a fujka wjia:dj,oS wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ III mßÑfPaofha oelafjk uQ,sl
whs;sjdislï W,a,x>kh fõoehs mßCId lr ta wkqj lghq;= l, yels njh' ;jo iuyrla wjia:d j,oS m%YaK.;
lreKq wkqj jvd;a WÑ; jkafka mßmd,k kS;sh hgf;a m%lsl¾u ,nd .ekSu fkdj uQ,sl whs;sjdislï lvùu
hgf;a m%;sl¾u ,nd.ekSu njo wêlrKh olajd we;'
;jo fï iïnkaOfhka jeo.;a lreKla jkafka ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a lrKq ,nkafka wêlrK wNsu;h u; nj;a
uQ,sl whs;sjdislï kvq tfia fkdjkjd;a fukau jkaos ,nd.ekSuo l, yels njh' fujeks m%jk;djhla
we;slsßfï idOl jQfha fuu fCIa;%fha oS iajdNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾u ixl,am jka wfkl=;a wêlrK mokï j,g
jvsd mq¨,aj oelaùug;a idïm%odhl;ajfhka ñoS úu¾Ykd;aul m%fõYhla u.ska úksiqrejka mq¨,a yd
m%.;sYSA,S ;Skaÿ ,nd oSuh'
fï hgf;a my; lreKq jeo.;ah'

• kS;sfha md,kh ^ Rule of Law&
• ks;Hdkql+, nj idOdrK;aj nj wdrCId lrK w;r tu.ska whs;sjdislï i|yd myr t,a, ùfïoS
uQ,sl whs;sjdislï lvùfu fukau ßÜ m%;sl¾u b,a,d isáh yelsh
• hqla;s iy.; nfõ mßCIKh
• kshñ; ld¾h mámdáh wkq.ukh lsßu ^Doctrine of Due Process&
• md¾,sfïka;=j lsisÿ úfgl iajdNfúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uhka W,a,x.kh jk wdldrhg mk;a fkdmkjk
nj mQ¾j ks.ukhhs
Jayawardane v. Wijethilake
.ïmy yosis urK mßCIl fya;= oelaùula fyda weyqïlkaoSulska f;drj wod, ;k;=ßka bj;a lsßu ksid
wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 12 ^1& jHjia:dj tkï i¾j idOdrK;ajfha whs;sjdislu W,a,x>kh fõo hkak m%YaK
.; úh' wêlrKfha ks.ukh jQfha fuh fmdÿ ;k;=rl iajrEmh .kakd nj;a th úOdhlfha reÑl;ajh u;
fkdmj;sk nj;a tksid tjeks úfgl wod, mqoka.,hdg fpdaokd oekqï oSula weyqïlka oSfï j.lSu;a ;SrK
.kq ,nk mqoa.,hdg ysñfõ hkqfjka iy fuu n,;, Ndú;dl, hq;= jkafka uyckhkdf.a hym; Wfoid
nj;a tu n,;, Ndrhl iajrEmfhka ls%hd;aul jk nj;ah'

41
ta wkqj fujeks iajrEmfhka hq;a ;k;=rla udre lsßfï fyda bj;a lsßuloS iajdNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uhka
Ndú;dl, hq;= nj;a tfia fkdlsßu ksid wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 12 ^1& jHjia:dj W,a,x>kh jk nj;ah'
Jayasinghe v. AG & Others 1994 2 SLR 74
Dissanayake v. Keleel kvqlrhkao fï ms<sn| jeo.;ah'
WKC Perera v. Daya Edirdsinghe 1995 2 SLR 198

úYaj úoHd, úNd. iïnkaOfhka ksl=;a l, pl%f,aLhla m%Yak .; úh fuysoS m%kdkaÿ úksiqre mejiQfha wod,
m%Yak.; úNd. mámdáhg wod, pl%f,aLh ;=,ska fldf;la ÿrg jHdjia:dms; hq;=lula mejfrkafkao hkak
i,ld ne,SfïoS wod, úNd. mámdáh iïnkakO ß;s j,ska jHdjia:dms; n,hla ,efío ke;ao hkak fkd;ld
tu ß;s wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 12 jHdjia:dj iu. lshúh hq;= nj;ah' tfiau úYaj úoHd,hla ;u lghq;= isÿ
lrkafka uyck uqo,a fhdod .ksñka nj;a lsishï wjia:djloS úNd. wfmaCIlfhla wod, úNd. ld¾h
mámdáfha wka;¾.; ß;s wkq.ukh lrk ;dla ÿrg Wmdêhla msßkeófï j.lSula wdh;khg we;ao hkqfjks'
Vaaz Gunawardana v. Perera 1997 2 SLR 222

fuu kvqlrh uQ,sl whs;sjdislï kvqjla yd ßÜ wd{d kvqjla fjka lsßu yÿkd .ekSu i|yd losu ksoiqkla
imhk kvqlrhls' fuu kvqlr WKC Perera v. Prof Daya Edirisingha kvqfõ fuka uQ,sl whs;sjdislï yd
iïnkaOj ;¾l lf,a kï ;SrKh fjkia ùug bv ;snqKs'

42
ßÜ wd{djla ,ndoSug we;s ndOdjka
mßmd,k kS;sfha mSvdjg m;ajk md¾Yjhkag ,nd.; yels m%Odk m%;sl¾uhla f,i ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a lsßu
Ndú;d jk nj by; oS ÿgqfjuq' ñka iuyrla wd{d iïnkaOfhka mj;akd ndOdjkao tu mßÉfPao j,oS idlÉPd
l< w;r fï ish¿u ßÜ wd{djka ksl=;a lsßfïoS n,mj;akd jQ ndOdjka i,ld ne,Su jeo.;ah. tajd m%Odk
fldgia 3 lg j¾. l< yelsh'
§ yrhd;aul ndOd
§ wNsu;dkqidß ndOd
§ jHjia:dms; ndOd
yrhd;aul ndOd (Substantive Bars)

§ hï wd{djla ksl=;a lsßu i|yd wjYH;djhla ^lreKla& mej;sh hq;=h tkï n,d;sl%uKhla jd¾;dj
u;=msg fmfkk fodaIhla jekakla mej;sh hq;=h
§ wod, mSvdjg m;ajQ md¾Yjh úiskau iykhla b,a,d ;sìh hq;=h
§ wod, md¾Yjhka mSvdjg m;ajQ ;SrKh fokq ,enqfõ uyck wdh;khlska úh hq;=h tkï wêlrK
úu¾Ykhg Ndckh l< yels wdh;khlska ÿka ;SrKhla úh hq;=h
Wod( Rex v. Electrical Commission
fuu lreKla ;Dma; ù fkd;sîu yrhd;aul ndOdjla mej;Sula fia fkdie,fla
Rex v. Criminal Injuries Compensation Board 1967 3 WLR 348
wNsu;dkqidß ndOd (Discretionaru Bars)

1889 isg wo olajd wm kS;sh ;=, kS;shg wkqj ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a lsßu isÿ lrk w;r fuu kS;shg wkqj hkq
bx.S%is kS;shg wkqj hkak ms<s.;a lreKls' tksid ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a lsßfïoS bx.S%is kS;sh ;=, mj;akd
wNsu;dkqidß ndOd wm kS;shgo fhdod.kakd neúka tajd i,ld ne,Su jeo.;ah' fï wkqj my; lreKq
wNsu;dkqidß ndOd f,i mj;S'
§ ksr¾:l ùu
§ wh÷ïlref.a yeisßu fodaIiy.; ùu
§ fm;aiïlref.a hym;g jvd fmdÿ hym; ie,lSu
§ wkjYH m%udoh
§ úl,am ffk;sl m%;sl¾u we;súg
§ wjYH md¾Yjhka kïlr fkd;sîu
1 ksr¾:l ùu
fuysoS fm;aiïlre ;udg wêlrK iudf,dapkhg iqÿiqlï we;s nj fmkajqjo wêlrKhg ;u wNsu;h mßos
th wjika l< yelafla ksr¾:l ùfï isoaOdka;h u;h'
a) n,m;%hla iïnkaOfhka jk úg j,x.= ld,h ksudù ;sîu'

iuyr wjia:dj,oS n,m;%hla ksl=;a l< wêldßhla úiska tu n,m;% ld,iSudj ksud ùug fmr widOdrK
f,i w;aysgqjd ;sìh yelsh' fujka úgl ta ms<sn| wod, kvqlghq;af;a ;SrKh ,ndfokqfha n,m;%h wj,x.=
fkdlf<a kï ksudjk oskhg miqj kï wêlrKh úiska fï ms<sn|j i¾Isfhdardß wd{djla ,nd ÿkako ksr¾:l
ùu u; uekavduqia wd{djla ,ndoSu m%;sfCIam lrkq we;'
Jayasena v. Punchi Appuhamy 1990 2 SLR 43

kuq;a ,xldfõ uE;loS ;SrKh jQ fuu kvqfõoS wod, isoaêuh lreKq i,ld n,d bosß ld,h i|yd n,m;%h
ksl=;a flreKs'
Sundharkaran v. Bharathi 1989 1 SLR 46

fuysoS wêlrKh wod, ld,h miqj ;snqKo ßÜ wd{d m%Odkh lf<a wkd.;fhaoS fm;aiïlreg idOdrKhla
bgqlsßu i|ydh'

43
Exparte Hendy
kvqfõoS wod, wêldßh idOdrK f,i ls%hdlr ;snQ fyhska fm;aiïlreg widOdrKhla jqj;a tjka úgl ßÜ
wd{d ksl=;a lsßu ksr¾:l nj oelaùh'

Ramasami v. Moragoda
Center for Policy Alternatives v. Dayananda dissanayaka
kvqjg wod, m%ldYh lrk ,o oskh jk úg wod, m,d;a iNdj úiqrejd we;s fyhska fm;aiu ie,lSu ksr¾:l
njg ;SrKh lf<ah'
b) kej; i,ld ne,Sug tlÕ ù we;s úg

hï wjia:djloS hï wêldßhla ksl=;a l< ffk;sl fkdjk ;SrKhla u; wêlrKfhaoS msysg me;+ wjia:djl
tu wêldßh ;u ;SrKh kej; i,ld ne,Sug tlÕjkafka kï ta ms<sn|j i¾áfhdardß wd{djla ksl=;a l<
yels jqjo ksr¾:l ùu u; uekavduqia wd{djla ksl=;a fkdlrkq we;' fuu lreKq
Rex v. Nothuberland Compensation Appeal Tribunal 1952 1 KB 338 ysoS ;yjqre lr we;'
c) idOdrK f,i lghq;= lsßfïoS fm;aiïlreg widOdrKhla isÿj ;sîu

iuyrla wjia:dj,oS wod, wêldßh ;ukag yels iEu wkaoñkau idOdrK f,i ls%hd lr we;;a hï msßila
fj; widOdrKlï isÿj ;sìh yelsh' fujka úgl ta fjkqfjka ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a lsßu wêlrKh úiska m%;sfCIam
lrkq we;. fuu ;;a;ajh Exprte Hendy 1974 WLR 503 kvqfõoS ;yjqre lr we;'
2 whÿïlref.a yeisßu fodaI iy.; ùu
fujka úgl wêlrKh wh÷ïlre fjkqfjka ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a fkdlrkq we;'
Lalith Athulathmudali and Others v MCM Kaleel and Others

fuysoS wod, uka;S%jreka ckdêm;sjrhdj fodaI iy.; f,i /jàu u; iyk ,nd fkdÿks'
Rex v Kensington Genaral Central Commissioners of Income Tax Exparte Polignac 1917 1 KB 486
kvqlrh fï iïnkaOfhka jeo.;ah' fuysoS fm;aiïlre ;u osõreï m%ldYfha lreKq iÕjd we;s njg ;yjqre
jQ ksid ßÜ wd{d ,ndoSu m%;sfCIam úh'
3 fm;aiïlref.a hym;g jvd fmdÿ hym; ie,lSu
P.S Bus Company Ltd v Members & Sectratary of the Ceylon Transport Board 61 NLR 491
fï ms<sn|j bx.S%is kvqlrhla jk Rex v Garland 1879 5 QB 269 jeo.;a jk w;r th Stephen Perera v.
Minister of Lands CA/423/92 kvqfõoSo ;yjqre lr we;'
4 wjYH md¾Yjhka kïlr fkd;sîu
fujka úgl wêlrKhg ish wNsu;h Ndú;d lr ßÜ wd{djla ioyd jQ whÿïm; m%;sCIam lrkq we;.
Abeyweera v. Vice Chancellor of Univesity of Colombo 1983 2 SLR 267

fuysoSA fm;aiïlre ;ud fmkSisàug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ ffjoH úNd.h ^2ndMBBS& w;aysgqùu ms<sn|j
Wml=,m;sjrhdg tfrysj kvq mjrd ;snQ w;r tu úNd.hg fmkSisàug isá ish iriúfhau wfkl=;a YsIHhkao
rd.u ffjoH úoHd,fha YsIHhkao md¾Yjlrejka lr fkd;snqKs ;jo ixia:dms; wdh;khla jQ úYaj úoHd,ho
md¾Yjlrejl= fkdlr Wml=,m;sjrhdg tdrysj mukla kvq mjrd ;snqKs fuysoS wjYH md¾Yjhka kïlr
fkd;sîu u; uekavduqia wd{djla ioyd jQ b,a,SAu m%;sCIam jqk's
Muttusamy v. Chairman Appellate Law Recorder (2001)

fuysoS wod, jHjia:dms; wdh;kh md¾Yjlrejl= fkdlr tys iNdm;sjrhdg tfrysj mukla kvq mjrd ;snqk
w;r wjYH md¾Yjhka kïlr fkd;sîu u; ßÜ w{d ioyd jQ fm;aiu ksYam%N úh'
44
Warusawithana V University of Colcmbo

fuysoSo fm;aiïlre wfkl=;a úNd. wfmaCIlhka ms<sn|j ioyka fkdlsßuo wêlrKfha wjOdkhg fhduq jQ
lreKls'
5 wkjYH m%udoh
mßmd,k kS;sfhaoS wod, iykhla b,a,disák md¾Yj lrefjl= tu iykh mSvdjg m;ajQ wjia:dfõ isg wkjYH
m%udohlska f;drj b,a,sh hq;= nj ;;yjqre ù we;s uQ,O¾uhls'
Rex v. Leeds to Liverpool Canal Company 1840 11 A & E 316

kvqfõoS mSvdjg m;ajQ osk isg wjq 65 lg miq wêlrK iyk me;+úg m%ldY jQfha th b;du;au m%udohla
njh'
Broughton v. Commissioner of Stamp Duties 1889 AC 251

fuysoSo wkjYH m%udoh u; wêlrKh iyk ,ndoSu m%;sCIm flreKs'
Gunasekera v. Weerakoon 73 NLR 262

mSvdjg udi 7 lg miq wêlrK iykhla m;d l, b,a,Su wkjYH m%udoh u; neyer flreKs'
Ramasami v. Ceylon State Mortgage Bank & Others 1982 78 NKR 368
fuysoS jkiqkaor úksiqre m%ldY lf,a m%udohla mj;akd úg
§ m%udo jQ ld, iSudj
§ tu ld,iSudj ;=, whÿïlre wfkla md¾Yjhkag n,mEula jk f,i yeiqrekq wdldrh ie,ls,a,g
.; hq;= nj;ah'
fuysoS ;j ÿrg;a m%ldY lr we;af;a mßmd,k kS;sfha fjk;a m%;sl¾u ,nd.ekSug .;a ld,h m%udohla fkdjk
njh' kuq;a fujka úgl jqjo fmdÿ hym;g n,mEï jkúg fyda wfkla md¾Yjhg úYd, n,mEula jk úg
ßÜ wd{d ,nd fkdfok nj olajd we;'
Biso Menika v. Cyril De Slwis & Others 1982 1 SLR 368

fuysoS Y¾jdkkao úksiqre oelajQ mßos jHjia:dms; kS;shlska oelafjk ld,iSudjla ksid jQ m%udohla yer wka
wjia:dj,oS whÿïlref.a whs;sjdislï j,g ßÜ wd{d fkdoSu u.ska úYd, whym;la isÿ jk úg wfkl=;a
idOdrK fya;+kao i,ld n,d m%udoh fkdi,ld yeßug wêlrKhg yels njh'
Stephen Perera v. Minister of Lands

fuysoS wNshdpkdêlrKh fm;aiu ksYam%N lsßfuka fmkS hkafka wod, isoaêuh lreKq u.ska f;jk
md¾Yjhlf.a whs;sjdislï j,g ndOdjla isÿ jk úg m%udoh i,ld ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a fkdlrk njh
Warusawithana v. University of Colombo

fuysoS fm;aiïlre úYaj úoHd,h u.ska meje;ajQ úNd.fhka ;ud yg m%:ufm, idud¾:hla ,eìh hq;= njg
l, b,a,Su wêlrKh úiska fmdÿ hym; .ek ie,lSug jvd wkjYH m%udoh .ek i,ld m%;slafIam flreKs'
6 úl,am m%;sl¾u ;sîu
fmdÿ ß;shla jYfhka úl,am m%;sl¾uhla kS;sfhka ,nd fok úgloS ßAÜ wd{d ksl=;a fkdflfrkq we;. fï
yd iïnkaO uQ,O¾uh njka úksiqre úiska In Re Nathan 1884 12 QBD ysoS oelaùh'
In re Nathan kvqfõos jvd;a myiq yd ld¾hCIu m%;sl¾uhla fm;aiïlre lsÜgqj ;sfí hhs ßÜ wd{d ,nd
fkdfok ,os' úl,am m%;sl¾u hkafkys f;areu iuyr kvqlr j, olajd we; bka .uH jkafka wNshdpkh
lsßug we;s whs;sh yd hï mk;lska ,nd fokakd jQ fjk;a m%;sl¾uhls'
Wod( Rex v. City of London Assesment committee 1907 2 KB 764

45
flfia fj;;a uE; ld,fha ,xldfõ yd tx.,ka;fha úl,am m%;sl¾u ;snqk;a ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a lsßug ksoyia
f,i l%shd lrhs' Somasundaram v. Forbes 1993 2SLR362 ,xldfõ fY%aIaGdêlrKfhaoS ;siai nKavdrKdhl
úksiqre;=ud fuu ;SrKh fok ,oafoa 50 yd 60 oYlfha bx.S%is kvqlr .Kkdjla mßYS,kfhka miqh' hï
;SrKhla iudf,dapkh lsßug mßmd,kfha mj;sk wfkla úl,am m%;sl¾u ish,a, ksud l< hq;= njg lsi÷ s
ß;shla ;SrKhla ke;. wêlrKh úl,am m%;sl¾uh m%udKj;a úi÷ula fok njg yeÕjqfkd;ska muKla
iudf,dapkh w;aysgqúh yel'
wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 140 jHjia:dj .ek oekg bosßm;a ù we;s jdohka wkqj wd{d iajNdjfhka flfrk
;SrKhla jkjd ñi bx.S%is kS;sfha olajk mrudêldß wd{d hhs iu jHjia:dj ms<s fkd.; hq;=h
Wod( Hedamandi v. CIA
hï wd{djla b,a,Sug whs;shla we;akï wNshdpkdêlrKhg wNsu;hla M, l< yelafla úl,am m%;sl¾uh
lrorldß yd wld¾HCIu kï muKs'
jHjia:dms; ndOd
wdKavql%u jHdjia:dfõ 136 jHjia:dj hgf;a wêKrhka fj; n,mdkakd jQ ß;s iEoSfï n,h fY%aIaGdêlrKh
fj; mjrd we;s w;r fï hgf;a ßÜ wd{d iïnkaOfhka 1978 oS yd 1990 oS mkjk ,o ß;Ska jeo.;ah'
1978 ß;Ska 1978$11$08 orK osk w;sf¾l .eiÜm;% wxl 9 yd 10 u.ska ksl=;a flreK w;r miqld,Skj
tajdhska fndfydauhla bj;a lr we;s nj fmfka' 1990 ß;Ska 1991$01$15 ork osk w;sf¾l .eiÜm;% wxl
645$4 u.ska ksl=;a flreKs'
1978 ß;Ska j, 46-61 olajd ß;Ska wo olajdu l%shd;aul jk w;r tajd ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a lsßu iïnkaOfhka
jeo.;ah' fuysoS u;l ;nd .;hq;= lreKla jkafka 1978 ß;Ska j, 46 rAS;sh 1990 ß;Ska j, 3^1& ß;shgo
iy 1978 ß;Skaj, 47 ß;ash 1990 ß;Ska j, 3^2& ß;Shgo iudk njh'
1990 - 3 ^1& ß;sh ^1978 - 46 ß;Shg iudkhs& fï hgf;a lshfjkafka kvqjg wjYH wod, ,shlshú,s j,
uq,a msgm;a wuqKd ;sìh hq;= njh' tfia fkdyels jkakd jQ úg Bg fya;= olajd wjir f.k iy;sl l, msgm;a
wuqKd ;sìh hq;=h'
fuu wjYH;djh
Rasheed Ali v. Mohommed 1981 1 SLR 262
Karunavathi v. Kusumsiri 1990 1 SLR 127
Kirivanthi v. Navaratne 1991 1 SLR 1
Brown & Company v. Ranasinghe
Borella Hospital v. Bandaranayaka
kvqj,oS ;yjqrelr we;'
1990 - 3 ^2& ^1978 - 47 ß;shg iudkhs&

bosßm;a lrk kvqjg iudk lreKq fhÿk tu ß;Ska hgf;aoSu óg by;oS wêlrKh m%;sCIam fkdl, kvqjla
njg iy;sl l, hq;= njg ñka lshfõ'
Nicholus v. Macan Marker 1982 2 SLR

fuysoS by; 1990 - 3 ^2& ß;sh yd .efgk neúka fm;aiu m%;sCIam jqKs' fY%aIaGdêlrKfhaoS fuu ;SrKh
fjk;a fya;+ka u; fjkia l, kuq;a by; 3 ^2& ß;sh wkq.ukh lsßu w;HdjYH nj m%ldY jqKs'

46
wêlrK iudf,dapkfhka neyer lsßu
mßmd,k kS;sfha fojk m%Odk m%;sl¾uh kï wêlrK iudf,dapkfhka neyer lsßuh' fuh wdldr lSmhlska
l<yel'
1. fldkafoais iy.; fhÿï uÕska
2. neyer lsßfï j.ka;s
a. jHjia:dms;j mekjQjla fia ie,lsh hq;=h
b. wjidkd;aul yd ;SrKd;aul fõ
c. lsishï kS;s lD;Hhl m%YaKl< fkdyel
d. ;SrKd;aul idCIs fõ
3. jHjia:dms; iu;lrKhka flfrys neyerlsßfï j.ka;sj, n,mEu
4. wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 140 jHjia:dj u.ska neyer lsßfï j.ka;Ska flfrys n,mEu
fldkafoais iy.; fhÿï Ndú;h
mßmd,k wêldßhla fj; jHjia:d u.ska n,h mejßfïos tys .eg¿j ksrdlrKh lsßfï tlu n,Orhd th
nj .uH ùu i|yd fldkafoais iy.; fhÿï Ndú;d lrhs' fuh fhdok wdldr lSmhla kï
§ wud;hjrhd iEySulg m;afõ kï
§ wud;Hjrhdf.a u;h fõ kï
§ wud;Hjrhdg fmkS hhs kï
uq,a ld,Skj wêlrKh;a fujeks fhÿï ksoyia f,i w¾:ksrEmkh lsßug keUqrej isáh;a miqld,Skj ish
wëCIK wêlrK n,h tnª wjia:djkaysoS mjd fhdod .ekSug iQodkï nj fmkakqï lrk ,os' fï hgf;a
wêlrKhka
§ ish wêlrK n,h fkrmd oeóug ;rï n,.;= fldkafoais iy.; fhÿï ms<s.ekSug ue,slula olajk
,os'
§ mrasmd,k wêldßhl jeros iy.; mßlaIK wod, lr .ksñka iy idlaIs u.ska ksielju ilia
fkdlrk ,o kshuhlg t<öu jeks jeros l%shd isÿlrk úgloS Bg ueosy;a úKs'
kuq;a m%;sm;a;suh uQ,sldx.hka b;d n,.;= wjia:d j,oS fldkafoais iy.; fhÿï fhdod we;s mßmd,k
wêldßkaf.a ;SrK j,g ueosy;a ùug wêlrKh ue,slula olajk nj fmfka' fï hg;g rdcH wdrCIdj,
msgqjy,a lsßu, yosis wjia:djka iïnkaO m%Yakhla oelaúh yelsh' fujka wjia:djloS wêlrKhg l, yels
tlu foh kï
§ wod, ldrKh i|yd n,;, l%shd;aul lsßug mßmd,k wêldrashg yelshdjla ;sfío
§ n,;, i;aNdjfhka Ndú;d lr ;sfío
hk lreKq i,ldne,Su muKs'
,sj¾isÊ t' wekav¾ika 1942 AC 206

iajfoaY lghq;= weu;sjrhd úfoaYslhka ms<sn| mk; hgf;a msgqjy,a lsßfï ksfhda.hla l, w;r fuysoS
wêlrKfha u;h jQfha tu ksfhda.h iïnkaOfhka tlu n,Orhd iajfoaYlghq;= wud;Hjrhd nj;a
wêlrKhg Bg ueosy;a úh fkdyels nj;ah'
Nadar v. Grey 88 NLR

wd.uk yd ú.uk mk; hgf;a wod, wud;Hjrhd l, ksfhda.hla j,x.= nj ;SrKh l, wêlrKh mejiQfha
ksfhda.h ls%hd;aul lsßfï idOdrK nj fyda widOdrK nj mßCId lsßfï n,hla ;ukag ke;s nj;a uyck
hym; hk mkoku hgf;a ls%hd fldg wod, lreKq ms<sn|j ;SrKh lsßfï tlu n,Orhd wud;Hjrhd
nj;ah'

47
Walter Perera v. Commissioner of National Housing 57 NLR

mßlaIKhg miq l=,S ksjeishdg ,ndfok ,o ksji flduidßiajrhd úiska mßCIKhlska f;drj kej; ysñlreg
,ndoSug ksfhda. lrk ,os' fuysoS wioaNdjh iïnkaOfhkao idlaIs fkd;snQ w;r wêlrKh ish wêlrK n,h
ls%hd;aul fkdlf<a th wdrCIl fya;+ka u; wud;Hjrhdg tu ;SrKh .ekSug we;s n,h u; .kakd ,o
;SrKhla jQ ksidh. ^wod, ksji msysáfha ckdêm;s ksji yd yuqod uQ,ia:dkh wdikakfhah& tksid tu wdmiq
mejßu kS;Hdkql+, nj ;SrKh úh'
Robinson v. Minister of Town and Country Planning 1947 KB 702

hqoaOfhka ydksjQ m%foaY j, m%;sixialrK lghq;= lsßu i|yd wksjd¾h w;alr.ekSï isÿlsßug wud;Hjrhdg
n,h ;snQ w;r fï iïnkaOfhka fldkafoais iy.; fhÿïo ;snqKs' ta wkqj lsishï m%foaYhla hqoaOfhka ydksjQ
m%foaYhla oehs ;SrKh lsßfï tlu n,Odßhd weu;sjrhd nj wêlrKh úiska ;SrKh lrk ,os'
Frankliin v. Minister of Town & Country Planning 1948 AC 87

fï yd iudku ;SrKhla ,ndoS we; '

Maradana Mosque Case 66 NLR 217
m%;sm;a;suh uQ,sldx.hka t;rï n,j;a fkdjk mßmd,k ;SrKhkaysoS wêlrKh ueosy;a jk nj fuu kvqj
mßCId lsßfïoS fmkShhs'
fuysoS wud;Hjrhdg fmkS hkafka kï hk fldkaafoais iy.; fhÿu u; wh;d mßmd,khla mj;ajdf.k hk
mdi,a rchg mjrd .ekSug wud;Hjrhdg n,h ;snqk w;r wh;d mßmd,kh hk fya;=j u; wud;Hjrhd
l, mjrd.ekSu wêlrK iudf,dapkhg hg;a njg ;SrKh úh'
AG (Canada) v. Hallem and Cerry

fuysoS rdcH wdrCIdjg i;HjYfhkau ;¾ckhla fkdjQ foaYmd,k mlaIhl lghq;= j,g ndOd meñKùug
mekjQ fr.=,diSka
§ n,h fkd,;a wruqKq
§ oafõY iy.; nj
§ wfya;=l nj hk fya;+ka u; wêlrK iudf,dapkhg ,la l, yels nj oelajQ w;r ;jÿrg;a oelajQfha
wod, n,Orhd .kakd l%shdud¾.hka mk; u.ska olajd we;s wruqKq bgqlr.ekSug wod, jkafkaoehs
fidhd ne,Sfï whs;sh wêlrKh i;= jk njh'
Ross-Clunis v. Papudopoullos 1958 1 WLR 546

;%ia;jdoSkag wdrCIdj ik,ik ,o ckfldgia j,ska ov wh lsßug kshu lrk ,o ihsm%ifha mkjk ,o kS;s
j, j,x.=;djh ;aSrKh lsßu i|yd by; mßalaIKh fhdod .kakd ,o w;r tysoS ;SrKh jQfha tu fr.=,dis
uyck wdrCIdj yd h:d meje;;au mj;ajdfj.k hdu i|yd jk úfYaI fya;+ka j,g meyeos,sju wod, jk
nj;a ;udg wjYH njs fmkShk wjia:d j,oS wdKavqldrjrhdg tu fr.=,dis mekúh yels nj;ah'
Yasapala v. Ranil Wickramasinghe

uyck wdrlaIl mkf;a 2 j.ka;sh hgf;a ;ukag mejß ;snqk n,;, u; ckdêm;sjrhd úiska yosis wjia:d
fr.=,dis mekjQ w;r fï m<sn|j fYa%IaGdêlrKh mejiQfha fujka fr.=,dis mekùfï mru n,Odßhd ckdêm;s
jk w;r wêlrKhg iudf,dapk n,hla fkdue;s nj;a fr.=,dis j, hqla;s iy.; nj ;SrKh l, hq;af;a
wod, wjia:dfõ ckdêm;sjrhd i;=j mej;s f;dr;=re u; nj;ah'
tu fr.=,dis uyck wdrlaIdj mekùfï yelshdjla fmkakqï lrhs kï hqla;siy.; nj fmkaùug th m%udkj;a
jk w;r bkamiq tajd ljr wjia:dj,oS fhdokafkao hkak ;SrKh lsßfï mru n,Orhd ckm;s nj;a jeâÿrg;a
m%ldY flreks'
Weerasinghe v. Commissioner of Housing

flduidßia jrhd úiska l, ksfhda.h fï i|yd fya;= iy.; nj fmkakqï lsßug idlaIs fkdue;s jQ neúka th
wj,x.= lsßug ;SrKh flreKs'

48
neyer lsßfï j.ka;s
hï lreKla wêlrK iudf,dpkhg ,laùau je,elaùug neyer lsßfï j.ka;s u.ska isÿfõ' kuq;a fufia ùug
kï wod, mßmd,k wêldßh ish n, iSudj ;=, l%shd lr ;sîu w;HjYHh' fuu j.ka;Ska my; wdldrhkaf.ka
fhfoa'
§ jHdjia:dms;j mekjQjla f,i olajk jdlH LKav
§ wjidkd;aul yd ;SrKd;aul jdlH LKav
§ lsishï kS;s lD;Hhl m%Yak l, fkdyels jdlH LKav
§ ;SrKd;aul idlaIs
jHdjia:dms;j mekjQjla f,i olajk jdlH LKav

jHdjia:djl olajk ;j;a wdrCIK jdlH LKavhla jYfhka fuh jHjia:dms;j mekjQjla f,i ls%hd;aul
jkafka hhs i|yka fõ' fïjd fhdok wdldrhka lSmhla i|yd WodyrK kï
§ weu;sjrhd l, ksfhda.h jHdjia:dms;j l, ksfhda.hla fia ie,lsh hq;=h'
§ mßmd,k wêldßfha ;SrKh weu;s jrhd ia:Sr l< úg th jHdjia:dms; ksfhda.hla fia ie,lsh hq;=h'
Minister of Health V Rex Exparte Yaffe 1931 AC 494

fuysoS oelajQfha fujeks jdlH LKavhl n,meje;au r|dmj;skafka th ksis whqre ;ekqk yd mkjd we;s wkqkS;s
i|yd mukla hhs idñ uKav,h ;SrKh lr we;. fuysoS ;j ÿrg;a m%ldY lf<a fujeks j.ka;Ska us.ska
wjidkd;aul nj;a n,d;aul jkafka wod, wêldßfha ;srKh mkf;a wruqKq j,g tlÕjkafka kï mukla
njh'
wjidkd;aul yd ;SrKd;aul nj oelafjk jdlH LKav

fndfyda jHdjia:d mßmd,k n,Odßka fyda m¾IOhka úiska .kq ,nk hï hï ;SrK wjidkd;aul yd ;Srkd;aul
jk nj m%ldYhg m;a lr we;. idudkHfhka iSud lsßfï j.ka;s$ je,elaùfï j.ka;s$ ksrdjrK j.ka;s hk
úúOdldr kduhkaf.ka fuu fhÿu Ndú;d jk nj fïjd fhfok wdldr lSmhla kï
§ ;Srkh wjidkd;aul fõ'
§ ;Srkh wjidkd;aul yd tald;aul fõ'
§ ;Srkh lsisÿ wêlrKhl fyda fjk;a lsisÿ wdldrhlska m%Yak lrkq ,eìh fkdyel'
fujka wjia:djkaysoS mqoa.,hkaf.a whs;sjdislï iïnkaOfhka m%Yak we;sjkakd jQ wjia:d j,oS ñi wêlrKh
ueosy;a fkdjk nj fmfka'
Rex v. Medical Appeal Tribunal Exparte Gilmore 1957 1 QB 574

fuysoSA hï lreKla mßCId lsraSug m;a lrk ,o ffjoH uKav,hla tu ;SrKhg t<öfïoS jrola isÿlrk ,o
w;r th jd¾:dj u;=msákau fmkS .sfhah' fuys wod, ;SrKh wjidkd;aul nj okajd ;snqko fvkska úksiqre
m%ldY lf,a b;du;a meyeos,s iy m%ldYs; joka j,ska ñi i¾Isfhdrdß m%;sl¾uhla bj;a lsßug jHdjia:djla
iu;a fkdfõh hkak b;d fydoska ;yjqre ù we;s ioaOdka;hla njh'
tfukau ;SrKh wjidkd;aul nj oelaùu u.ska mßmd,k n,Odßkaf.a ;Skaÿj isoaêuh lreKq u; wjidk
tlla jk kuq;a th kS;suh lreKq i|yd wjidk tlla njg m;a fkdjk njh' tkï kS;sh ksis mßos ls%hd;aul
fkdjk úg wjidkd;aul nj wfydis ù hkq we; hkqfjks'

The Land Commissioner V Ladamuthupille 62 NLR 169 1942
bvï ksrjq,a lsßfï wd{d mk; wkqj flduidßia jrhdf.a ;SrKh u; lDIsld¾ñl bvula fyda fldgila
rchg mjrd .ekSug yelshdj ;snQ w;r flduidßia jrhd .kakd ;SrKh wjidkd;aul njo oelajqKs' fï
iïnkaOfhka we;sjQ m%YakhloS rdcdêlrKh ;SrKh lf,a mjrd .kakd bvula lDIsld¾ñl bvulao ke;so
hkak mßCId lsßAug n,h wêlrKhg we;s njh'

49
Wijerama V Pual 76 NLR 241

ffjoH wd{d mkf;a 18 ^1& j.ka;sh wkqj ffjoH uKav,fha iEu ;SrKhlau wjidkd;aul jQ w;r
weu;sjrhdg wNshdpkd lsßug muKla hg;a úh fuysoS m%kdkaÿ úksiqre;=ud i|yka lf,a
§ n,h blaujd lghq;= lsßu
§ jd¾:dj u;=msáka fmfkk ffk;sl fodaIh
§ iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uhka wkq.ukh fkdlsßu u; tlS ;SrKhka wj,x.= lsßAu i|yd jd¾:djla
b,a,d isáh yels njh'

Amaradasa and Another v. Land Reform Commission & Another 79 NLR 505
fm;aiïlre ;u orejka isõfokdg ;Hd. jYfhka fok ,o foam, neyer lsßula Y+kH njg 1971 wxl 1
ork bvï m%;sixialrk mkf;a 13 j.ka;sh wkqj bvï m%;sixialrK fldñika iNdj úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o
w;r Bg tfrysj weu;sjrhdg wNshdpkd lrkq ,ÿj weu;sjrhd úiska tu fhdackd fjkia lsßu m%;sCIam
flreKs mkf;a 18^5& j.ka;sh wkqj weu;sjrhdf.a ksfhda.h wjidkd;aulfõ'
kuq;a fï iïnkaOfhka fY%IaGdêlrK u;h jQfha hqla;s iy.;j lghq;= lsßfï j.lSula 13 j.ka;sfhka
woyialr we;s nj;a tfia fkdlsßfï fya;=j ksid tu ;SrKhka n,rys; jk nj;ah'
Hewawasam Gamage V Ministr of Agriculture & Lands 76 NLR 25

yosis fmdÿ lghq;a;la i|yd weu;sjrhd ;u bvï w;a m;a lr.ekSu j,lajk f,i b,a,ñka fm;aiïlre
w;=re ;ykï ksfhda.hla b,a,d isáfhah. bvï w;m;alr.ekSfï mkf;a 38 ^2& j.ka;sh wkqj hï bvula
yosisfha wjYH hhs ;SrKh lsßug n,h weu;sjrhdg ;snQ w;r mkf;a 40 ^w& wkqj tfia weu;sjrhd ksfhda.
lrkq ,en .eiÜ m;%fha m,lsßfuka miq wjidkd;aul ‘ wêlrKh fuysoS m%ldY lf,a
§ wioa Ndjh
§ we;a; jYfhka wjYH;djhla ;snqfkah
hk lreKq u; ;SrKhla n, iys; l, yels jqj;a fuysoS tjka lsisjla fkdjQ ksid weu;sjrhdf.a ;Srkh
wj,x.= fkdjk nj;ah'
TM Jayarathna V Vass Gunaratne and Others 2002

fuysoS oelajQ mßos m,d;a md,k Pkao wd{d mkf;a 32^2& j.ka;sh ^1990 wxl 25 ka ixfYdaê; mßos& wkqj
wod, ks<Odßka i;= Pkao whÿïm;a ms<s.ekSfï fyda m%;sCIam lsßfï ;SrKh wjidkd;aul nj oelajqjo wêlrK
iudf,dapkh bka neyer fkdjk njh'
lsishï kS;s lD;shl m%Yak l, fkdyels jdlH LKav
Smith V East Elloe Rural District Council 1996 AC 736

kvqlrh úuiQ úg meyeos<s fuysoS i;s yhla ;=, jHdjia:dfõ i|yka lreKq u; mukla m%;sl¾uhla ,nd.;
yels nj;a ta yer lsisu kS;s lD;shla m%Yak l< fkdyels nj;a olajd ;snqKs' m%Yak.; ksfhda.h widOdrK fyda
jeros f,i ksl=;a lr we;s wjia:djl i;s yhl ld,iSudj blaujd .sh kuqÿ wêlrKfha irK me;Sug yelshhs
;¾l lrkq ,enQj;a wêlrKh tu woyi m%;sCIm lr jHdjia:dfõ we;s m%;sl¾u yer fjk;a m%;sl¾uhla
fkdue;s nj m%ldY lrk ,os'
Anisminic Ltd V. Foreign Compensation Commission 1969 2 AC 147

fuysoS wêlrKh oelajQfha m%Yak l, fkdyels jeks wjidkd;aul j.ka;Ska u.ska wdrCId l, yelafla mßmd,k
wêldßh úiska ish n,iSudfõ we;=,; .kakd ;SrK mukla njh'
;SrKd;aul idCIs fõ hkqfjka oelafjk jdLH LKav
Rex v. Registrar of Companies Exparte Centrel Bank of India 1968 QB 1114

fuysoS wod, n,Odrhd îud.ï frðiag%d¾& úiska ;uqkag mejrE n, iSudfõ ;=, .kakd ;SrK u.ska hï
n,d;sl%uKhla isÿ jqjo th mßCId lsßfï n,hla wêlrKh fj; fkdue;af;a tu ;SrKhka ;SrKd;aul idCIs
fõ hkqfjka wdrCIs; j.ka;shl n,mEug hg;afldg we;s ksid hhs ;SrKh flreKs'

50
fuu kvqfõ ;SrKh Bg miqj ;SrKh jQ ^by; mßÉfPaofha i|yka& weksiañksla kvqfõ ;SrKfhka fjkia jk
nj fmfka. ta wkqj i|yka l, yelafla j¾;udkfha fï iïnkaOfhka weksiañksla kvqfõ ;SrKh n,Odß jk
njh'
weksiañksla kvq;Skaÿj ,xld kS;shg wod,lr.;a wdldrh yd bka miqj we;sjQ j¾Okhka we;' ,xldfõ 1979ka
miq iudc iqnidOkh hk mrud¾:h mqoa., whs;sjdislï i|yd n,mE yels ;SrK .ekSfï wêldßka úYd,
ixLHdjla msysg jQ nj fmfka'
§ 1973 lDIsld¾ñl bvï mk;
§ 1972 bvï m%;sixialrKh mk;
óg WodyrKhka lSmhls'
fï hgf;a m%Yak.; wjia:djka úYd, jYfhka mekke.=k w;r ßÜ wd{d iïnkaOfhka kS;shg wkqj hkak
bx.%sis kS;sh f,i ,xldfõ ;yjqre ù we;s ksid weksiañksla ;Skaÿj wod, lr.ekSu myiq úh'
;jo 1972 wxl 18 orK w¾:ksrEmk wd{d mk; hgf;a 22 jk j.ka;sh fï iïnkaOfhka jeo.;a jk
w;r bka lshfjkafka wjidkd;aul j.ka;Ska u.ska tu mßmd,k wêldßfha ;SrKh iy;sl lrk njh' kuq;a
fuys w;=re úOkh u.ska wêlrK iudf,dapkh l, yels wjia:d ;=kla olajd we;s w;r tajdkï
1 wod, wêlrKh ;udg úuiSug n,h fkdue;s ldrKdjla úioSu
2 idOdrK;d ixl,am wkq.ukh fkdlsßu
3 wksjd¾h wkq.ukh l< hq;= úOdk wkq.ukh fkdlsßu
Wijeram V Paul 76 NLR 214

fuysoS ;SrKh jQfha wjidkd;aul j.ka;Ska mej;=ko iajdNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uhka wkq.ukh fkdlsßu u;
mßmd,k ;SrKhka wêlrKfha iudf,dapkhg ,lal, fkdyelshhs ;SrKh flreKs fuysoS ;SrKh i|yd 1972
w¾:ksrEmk wd{d mk; i,ld ne,Sulao fkdlr ;snqk w;r Exparte Gilmore ;Skaÿj i,ld n,d ;snqKs'
James V Board of review of paddy lands act 1978 $ 79 2 SLR 172

1958 l=Uqre wd{d mkf;a 59 ^3& j.ka;sh wkqj úu¾Yk uKav,fha ;SrKfha wjidkd;aul nj m%Yak l,
yelafla wd{d mkf;a 22 j.ka;sfha jHd;sf¾L ;=,g jefgkafkakï mukla nj úu,r;ak úksiqre m%ldY lr
we;'
fuysoS wd{d mk; hgf;a j.ka;Ska ksid Anisminic kvqlrh wkq.ukh m%;sCIam lr we;' Wijeram V. Paul
;Skaÿj i,ld ne,Sula fkdue;' wNshdpkdêlrKh fuysoS n,fhka msg l%shdjla hkakg mq¨,a w¾;hla oS we;'
jd¾;dj u;= msg fodaYhla mukla fkdj kS;suh jrola fyda n,d;sl%uKhla lr we;akï ta i|yd ueosy;a ùug
wêlrKhg wNsu;hla we;s njo fmkakqï lr we;'

Mohideem v. Gunavardena
fuysoS ksjdi yd foam, úlsKSfï mkf;a 39 ^3& j.ka;sfha oelajQ wjidkd;aul j.ka;sh m%Yak.;jQ wjia:dfõoS
wNshdpkdêlrKh James v. Board of Review ys úu,r;ak úksiqref.a m%ldYhg wkqqj hñka wjidkd;aul
j.ka;sh ;yjqre lr we;'
Moosajee v. Arrhur and Six Others 2001 1 SLR
fuysoS by; oelajQ ksjdi yd foam, úlsKSfï mkf;a 39 ^3& j.ka;sh kej; ;yjqre flreKs' mk; wkqj
^1988 g fmr& l=,S ksjeishdg ;uka isá ksji ñ<oS .ekSug b,a¨ï l, yelshdj ;snQ w;r mkf;a 47 j.ka;sh
u.ska ksjdi hk w¾: ksrEmkh lr we;af;a uqükskau fyda fldgila mosxÑ ùula i|yd ms<sfh, l,
f.dvke.s,a,la jYfhks'
fuysoS l=,S ksjeishd ;ud 1943 isg l=,sh f.jñka mosxÑj isáfha hhs mjiñka ksji ñ<oS .ekSug b,a¨ï l,
w;r ksji whs;slre th 1941 oSS l=,shg ÿkafka jHdmdßl lghq;= i|yd Ndú;d lsßu i|ydh hk ,sÅ; idCIs
u.ska ;yjqre lr ;snqKs' wod, ia:dkh 1979 olajd jHdmdßl iaa:dkh jYfhka Ndú;dlr ;snQ njo bkamiq
ksjila jYfhka Ndú;d l, njgo idCIs ;snqK's fuysoS ksjdi flduidßiajrhdf.a ;SrKh jQfha wod, ia:dkh

51
jHdmdßl lghq;= i|yd Ndú;d lr we;s neúka l=,S ksjeishdg tu ksji ñ<oS .ekSu i|yd b,a¨ï l, fkdyels
njh'
úu¾Yk uKav,h fuu ;SrKh m%;sj¾; lrñka lSfõ

1 l=,S ksjeishd 1943 isg l=,sh u; mosxÑj isàu ksid fuh ksjila jYfhka ie,lsh yels nj;a
2 whs;slre wod, f,aLKh u.ska fuu ia:dkh iEÿfõ jHdmdßl lghq;a;la i|yd nj Tmamq lsßug
wfmdfydi;a ù we;s nj;a h'
wNshdpkdêlrKh úu¾Yk uKav, ;SrKh ;yjqre lrñka ßÜ wd{djla i|yd jQ whs;slref.a b,a,Su m%;sCIam
l< w;r wjidkd;aul j.ka;Ska j, n,mEu ;yjqre flreKs'
Withnarachi V Gunawardane & Others 1996 1 SLR 253

fujeksu lreKla iïnkaOfhka fY%aIaGdêlrKh wjidkd;aul j.ka;s j, n,mEu ;yjqre lr we;. fuysoS
ksjdi flduidßia jrhd wod, ia:dkfha ksjila fkdjk njg l, ;SrKh úu¾Yk uKav,h úiskao
wNshdpkdêlrKh úiskao ;yjqre flreKs miqj fuu ;SrKh fY%aIaGdêlrKh úiskao ;yjqre flreKq w;r
tysoS m%ldY jQfha wjidkd;aul j.ka;sh msysg ,nd .ekSug kï
§ ;SrKh widOdrK fkdúh hq;= nj;a
§ wod, ;SrK i|yd idCIs imhd ;sìh hq;= nj;a
§ wod, ish¨ lreKq ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= nj;a h'
w¾: ksrEmK ixfYdaOk mkf;ka miqj ,xldfõ wNshdpkdêlrKh yd fY%aIaGdêlrKh b;du oDv w¾:
ksrEmKhla tu mk;g foñka fndfyda neyer lsßfï j.ka;s ms<s.kakd ,os' 80 oYlfha isg 90 oYlfha ueo
Nd.h jk;=re fuu oDv;djh mej;s w;r kvqlr w;f,diailoS muKla thska ksoyia ùug m%h;ak ord we;'
Athapattu v. People’s Bank 1997

kvqfõoS udla m%kdkaÿ úksiqre ,xldfõ m<uq jrg neyer lsßfï j.ka;s bj;,k ,os fuh n,mEfõ 1972 w¾:
ksrEmK ixfYdaOk mk;gh' fuysoS 16 yd 168 ^1& jHjia:djkag fhduq fjñka udla m%kdkaÿ úksiqre;=ud olajd
isáfha md¾,sfïka;=j fj; hï l%uhlg ,ndfkdfoa kï wdKavql%u jHjia:djg ál l,lg fmr mkjd ;snQ ,sÅ;
yd w,sÅ; kS;Ska ish,a, wjYH fjkia lsßï iys;j n,meje;a’ tfia fkdjkafka fjk wdfoaYlhla m%ldYs;j
i|yka kï muKs'
fuys zfjk wdfoaYlhla m%ldYs;j i|yka jk wjia:djka yerZ hkak wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 140 jHjia:djg
wod,j i|yka flreKs' fuhska wNshdpkdêlrKhg ßÜ wd{d wdldrfha wd{d ksl=;a lsßfï n,h ,efí' fuysoS
úksiqre;=uka lSfõ neyer lsßfï j.ka;sh n,meje;aúh yelafla fjk wdfoaYlhla m%ldYs;j i|yka fkdjk
wjia:dj,oS muKh hkakh'
wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 140 ys wdKavql%u jhjia:dfõ m%;smdok j,g hg;aj hkak we;=,;ah' túg 140
jHjia:dj wod, ,sÅ; kS;Skag hg;a nj 168 ^1& jHjia:dj wkqj lsj yel fuu m%YaKhg úksiqre;=uka fuf,i
ms<s;=re olajh' neyer lsßfï j.ka;shla yd wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ fldgil .eàula ;sìhoS uu uq,a ;ek
fokafka wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ m%;smdokhkagh' thg fya;=j kS;sfha wdêm;H /lsh hq;= ùuh'
t;=ud ;jÿrg;a m%ldY lf<a wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõm%;smdok j,g hg;aj hkak wjYH jQfha 140 jHjia:dj
wfkla jHjia:d iuÕ .eàug ,laúh yels ksidh' ^Wod( 120" 124" 125" 126 ^3& jeks j.ka;s&
fuu u;h ndialr,sx.ï t' fmf¾rd" úfÊmd, fukaäia t' fmf¾rd iy isßfiak l=f¾ t nKavdrkdhl
kvqj,oS ;yjqre lrk ,os' uQidÔ t' wd;¾ kvqfõoS w;m;a;= t' uyck nexl=j kvqfõ ;SrKh jvd;au
fyd|ska ;yjqre lrk ,os' fï wkqj fmkS hkafka j¾;udk kS;s ;;a;ajh wkqj neyer lsßfï j.ka;Ska
fhdod ;snqKo wNshdpkdêlrKh yd fY%aIaGdêlrKhg wjYH wjia:dj,oS wjYH lreKq flfrys ish úu¾YK
n,h fhoúh yels njh'

52
jHjia:dms; iu;lrKhka flfrys neyer lsßfï j.ka;s j, n,mEu
we;eï jHdia:dms; mk;a u.ska hï m%Yakhlg iïnkaO md¾Yjhkaf.a tlÕ;ajh u; we;slr.kakd iu¾:
ldrKhkaf.a r|dmeje;au iy;sl lsßu i|yd wjidkd;aul j.ka;Ska fhdod we;'
Wod( Kh wdmiq whlr.ekSfï wd{d mk; u.ska îxfYdaê;& ksYap, foam, i|yd Khlrejka yd Kh
ysñhka w;r we;slr.kakd iu:hka wjidkd;aul nj tys 40 jk j.ka;sh u.ska olajd we;'
Vinitha V Chairman Debt Concilliation Board 2001 1 ALR 29

Kh wdmiq whlr.ekSfï wd{d mk; hgf;a we;sjQ fuu kvqlrfhaoS wNshdpkdêlrKh mejiqfõ wod,
iu:ldrKfhaoS
§ iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾u wkq.ukh fkdlsßu fyda
§ wkjd¾fhka wkq.ukh l, hq;= l%shdmámdáh wkq.ukh fkdlsßu u; mukla tu iu:lrK ;Skaÿ
m%;sj¾: l, yels njh'
w¾:ksrEmk wd{d mkf;a neyer lsßfï j.ka;ska flfrys wdKavql%u jHdia:dfõ 140
jHdjia:dfõ n,mEu
,xldfõ mj;akd kS;Skaf.ka Wiiau kS;sh f,i ie,flkafka 1978 wdKavql%u jHdjia:djh' tys 140 jk
jHdjia:dj u.ska ßÜ wd{d iïnkaO úOdkhka olajd we;s w;r 168 ^1& jHdjia:dj u.ska wdKavql%u jHdjia:dj
mekùug fmr mekjQ kS;Skaf.a meje;au iy;sl lrhs' fï wkqj mek k.sk m%Ykhla jkafka m%Odk;u kS;sh
jk wdKavql%u jHdjia:dfõ 140 jHdjia:dfõ i|yka m%;s{djka jk ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a lsßu wdKavql%u
jHdjia:dfõ 168 ^1& jHdjia:dj u.ska n,d;aulj mj;sk 1972$18 orK w¾:ksrEmK wd{d mkf;a neyer
lsßfï j.ka;Ska u.ska j,lajkafkao hkakh'
140' ljr jQ ffyda uq,a wjia:d wêlrKhl ffyda úksYaph wêldrhl fyda fjk;a wdh;khl jd¾;d fidaÈis
lsÍug iy mÍlaId lsÍug o kS;sh wkqj i¾áfhdrdÍ" ;ykï" fm%disfvkaffvda" ukavduqia iy lafjda
fjdrkaffgda hk iajNdjfha jQ ßÜ wd{d hï uq,a wjia:d wêlrKhl úksYaphldrjrhdg fyda úksYaph
wêldrhlg fyda fjk;a wdh;khlg ffyda fjk;a ;eke;a;l=g ffyda úreoaOj modkh lsÍug iy
ksl=;a lsÍug o iïmQ¾K n,h yd wêldrh wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ úêúOdkj,g hg;aj
wNshdpkdêlrKhg we;af;a h'
tfia jqj o" md¾,sfïka;=j úiska mkjkq ,nk kS;shlska" ta kS;sfhys oelafjk hï .Khlg wh;a ldrKd
iïnkaOfhka fï jHjia:dfõ by;ska u jQ úêúOdkj,ska wNshdpkdêlrKh fj; mejÍ we;s wêlrK
n,h wNshdpkdêlrKh úiska fkdj" fYa%IaGdêlrKh úiska ls%hd;aul l< hq;= hehs úêúOdk ie,eiaúh
yels h'

168'^3& md¾,sfïka;=j wkHdldr úêúOdk ie,eiajqjfyd;a ñi fyda wkHdldr úêúOdk i,iajk f;la fyda hï
lsis mj;akd kS;shla" ,sÅ; kS;shla fyda ,sÅ; fkdjQ kS;shla fyda wdKavqlu jHjia:dfõ hïlsis
úêúOdkhla fyda fkdlvjd n, meje;aúh hq;= njg wdKavqlu jHjia:dfõ úêúOdk i,id we;s úgl
md¾,sfïka;=j úiska tfia wkHdldr úêúOdk i,iajk kS;shla fjf;d;a tu kS;sh /iaùug meñK
Pkaoh fokakd jQ uka;S%jrhkaf.a nyq;r Pkaofhka iïu; lr .ekSug md¾,sfïka;=jg n,h we;af;a
h'
fï ms<sj|j idlÉPd jQ kvq ;Skaÿ

Atapattu V Peoples Bank 1997 1 SLR 208
oelaúh yelsh fuysoS wêlrKh oelajQfha 140 jHdjia:dfõ úê úOdk wkqj ^w¾:ksrEmk wd{d mkf;a neyer
lsßfï j.ka;ska j,ska neyer lr ;snqk;a& wêlrKhg wjYH ldrKd fldrys ish úu¾Yk n,h fhosh yels
njh'

53
;jÿrg;a fuysoS oelajQfha 140 jHdjia:dfõ olajd we;s —wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ úêúOdkj,g hg;aj˜ hkafkka
wêlrK iudf,dapkh neyer lrkafka tys 30" 120" 124" 125 iy 126^3& jeks jHdjia:djka nj;a
t;=,g w¾:ksrEmk wd{d mkf;a m%;smdok wod, fkdjk nj;ah'
Sirisena Cooray v. Tissa Bandaranayake 1999 SLR 1

Wijepala Mendis V Perera 1999 2 SLR 110
fuu kvq j,oSo fuhu ;yjqre flreKs'
fï wkqj meyeos,sj fmkS hkafka j¾;udk kS;s ;;ajh wkqj neyer lsßfï j.ka;Ska fhdod ;snqko
wNshdpkdêlrKhg yd fYa%IaGdêlrKhg wjYH wjia:d j,oS wjYH lreKq flfrys ish úu¾Yk n,h fhoúh
yels njh'

54
m%ldYKSh kvqlrh (Declaratory Judegement)
mßmd,k kS;sfha wjika m%;sl¾u j¾.h kï m%ldYKSh kvqlrh' m%YaK.; lreK wêlrKh uÕska ks.ukh
lrjd ;u whs;Ska wêlrKh uÕskau ls%hd;aul lrjd .ekSug woyia lrk wfhl=g ;u whs;sjdislï ms<sn|
m%ldYhl msysg me;sh yelsh' fuysoS wêlrKh idudkHfhka úuiSug Ndckh lrkq ,nkafka md¾Yjlrejkaf.a
whs;sh l=ulaoehs m%ldY lsßu muKs' tfia fyhska fuuÕska lsishï oKavkhla fyda ls%hdfõ fhoùfï
ksfhda.hla ,nd.; fkdyel'
tfiau rch ú;a;slrefjl= jk wjia:djloS fï m%;sl¾uh Wmfhda.S lr.; yelsh' rchg úreoaOj fjk;a
m%;sl¾uhla ,nd.ekSfï ÿIalr;d u;= ùug bv we;s wjia:djkaysoS o fuu m%;sl¾uh Wmfhda.S lr.; yelsh'
fuu m%ldYhka m%Odkh lsßfïoS wêlrKhg uy;a wNsu;hla we;' tksid fuys úIh m:h b;d mq¿,a neúka
th wfkl=;a ms<shï wNsnjd hdula olakg ,efí'

AG v. Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover 1957 AC 436
fuysoS wod, b,a,Su l< fm;aiïlre ì%;dkH mqrjeisfhl= njg ia:Sr lrñka m%ldYkhla ksl=;a lrk ,os
Ridge v. Baldwin 1964 AC 40

m%dfoaYSh fmd,sia wêldßh úiska fmd,sia ks<Odßfhl= kS;Hdkql+, fkdjk wdldrhg fiajfhka mylsßu
iïnkaOfhka tu fmd,sia ks<Odßhdg jdisjk f,i m%ldYkhla ksl=;a lrk ,os
Vine v. National Dock Labour Board 1957 AC 488

lïlrefjl= idjoH f,i fiajfhka bj;a lsßu iïnkaOfhka Woa.; jQ m%YaKhloS tu lïlrejdg jdisodhl
f,i m%ldYhla ksl=;a lrk ,os'
Barnard v National Dock Labour Board 1953 2 QB 18

fuysoS o fujeksu lreKla iïnkaOfhka m%ldYhla ysñlroS we;'
fuu m%;sl¾ufha msysg me;Sug we;s iSudjka

1 n,d;sl%uKhkag tfrysj m%ldYk kvqlrhla uÕska m%;sl¾uhla wheo isákd úg th wkjYH
m%udohlska f;drj úh hq;=h'
2 m%YaK.; lreKq wêlrK n, iSudfjka msg; jQ úgl
Underhill v. Ministry of Food 1950 1 AER 591

fuysoS weu;sjrhd úiska rileú,s j¾.hla i,dl l%uhg hg;a lsßfuka je,elaùug m%ldYkhla ksl=;a lrk
f,i b,a,qjo wêlrKh m%ldY lf<a tu mk; hgf;a w;=re m%ldYk ksl=;a lsßug wêlrKhg n,hla
fkdue;s njh'
1 md¾,sfïka;=fõ ls%hd mámdáh iïnkaOj weÕs,s .eiSula we;sjk wjia:djl
2 hï lreKla iïnkaOj úuiSug fjk;a iNdjlg fyd mqoa.,fhl=g n,h mjrd we;s wjia:djl
3 jHjia:dms; hq;=lula bgqlrk wjia:djl mßmd,k m%;sl¾uhla imhd we;s úg
4 md¾Yjhka w;r wdrjq,la iu:hg m;a lsßula fkdjQ úg
m%ldYk kvqlrhloS wêlrKh i;= wNsu;h

tkï fujka úgl wêlrKh m%ldYkhla ksl=;a lsßu m%;sfCIam lrkq we;'
1 m%ldYkhla ksl=;a lsßfuka wêlrKfha n,;, j,ska whq;= m%fhdack .ekSula isÿfõ kï
2 m%ldYkhla ksl=;a lsßu uÕska ljrl=g fyda widOdrKhla isÿ fõ kï
3 tuÕska nrm;, wjysr;djhla isÿ jkafka kï
4 th fmdÿ hym;g úreoaO kï
5 m%ldYkfhka ,ndfok iykh ls%hd;aul l< fkdyels úgl
6 m%ldYkhla uÕska wod, m%YaKh ksrdlrKh l< fkdyels úgl
7 m%YaKh oekg wod, ish¿ fokd iyNd.S ùfuka úi|S we;akï fyda lreKq yd nef|k tlla kï

55
m%ldYKSh kvqlr iïnkaOfhka ,xldfõ ;;ajh

isú,a kvq úOdk ix.%yfha 217(G) yd 217(E) ys m%;smdok i,id we;s wdldrhg whs;sjdislï (Right)
yd ;;a;ajh (Status) Wfoid m%ldYKSh iyk ksl=;a lsßfï n,h osid wêlrKhg mjrd ;sfí'
Thayagaraja v. Kathigesu 69 NLR 73

hï mqoa.,fhl= wújdylhl= njg m%ldYkhla ksl=;a lsßfï n,h osid wêlrKhg we;s nj m%ldY jqKs'
AG V Sabarathnam 57 NLR 481

fiajlfhl=g fiajdld,h ;=,oS jeämqr f.jQ uqo,a Tyq úY%du .ekSfuka miq whlr.; yels fkdjk njg
m%ldYkhla ksl=;a lrk ,os'
Perera v. Peoples Bank & Two Others 78 NLR 239

fuysoS fY%aIaGdêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a w¾O wêlrKuh ;SrKhlg tfrys m%ldYhla ksl=;a lsßug osid
wêlrKhg fkdyels njh'

Ranasinghe v. State Mortgage Bank 1981 1 SLR 121
ysoS fY%aIaGdêlrKh 5 fofkl=f.ka hq;a úksYaph uKav,h ;SrKh lf<a w¾O wêlrKuh ;SrKhlg tfrysj
jqjo m%ldYkhla ksl=;a lsßug osid wêlrKhg yels njh' ^óg fya;+ka jYfhka oelajQfha m%ldYkhla hkq
ksfhda.hla fkdjk nj;a bka ;SrKhla wfydais ùula isÿ fkdjk ksid;a iy bka lsishï ffk;sl ;;a;ajhla
m%ldY lsßula muKla isÿjk ksid;a njhs'& fuu kvqfõoS 1972 wxl 18 orK w¾: ksrEmK wd{d îxfYdaOk&
mkf;a 23 jk j.ka;sho i,ld n,ñka ;SrKh jQfha tlS j.ka;sh uÕska osid wêlrKfha n,h iSud fkdlrk
njh'
23 jk j.ka;sh
24 jk j.ka;sfhys úêúOdk j,g hg;aj hï m%{ma;shla hï uq,a wjia:d isú,a wêlrK n,h mjrd we;s
úgloS fuu wd{d mkf;a ls%hd;aul ùug fmr $ miqj iïu; lrk ,oafoa fyda idok ,enqfõ jqjo l=uk
fya;=jla u; fyda mek kÕsk ldrKhla iïnkaOfhka hï ksfhda.hla mqoa.,fhl= u; fyda wêldßhla u; fyda
úksYaph iNdjla u; whs;sjdislula fyda ;;a;ajhla m%ldYkh lsßug n,h we;ehs hï ,sÅ; kS;shl i|yka
jqjo tfia m%ldYkhla ksl=;a lsßug n,h we;ehs jgyd fkd.; hq;=h'
24 ^1& jk j.ka;sh wkqj i|yka jkafka fuu wd{d mkf;a ls%hd;aul ùug fmr$ miqj idok ,o $ iïu;
lrk ,o lsisu mk;l we;=,;a lsisjlg wkqj
§ rchg
§ weu;s $ Wm weu;s
§ wêlrK fiajd fldñIug
§ rdcH fiajd fldñIug
úreoaOj bkackaIka ;ykï fyda tfiau bgq lsßfï wd{d ksl=;a lsßug tfia mqoa.,fhl= fyda wêlrKhla úiska
kS;sfhka kshu lr we;s mßos ;u n,h fhoùfïoS lrk ,o $ lsßug woyia l< hï ls%hdjla bgq lsßu ms<sn|j
hï wêlrKhlg n,h mjrd we;ehs f;areï fkd.; hq;= nj i|ykah'
24 ^2& jk j.ka;sh wkqj rchg úreoaOj ;ykï ksfhda.hla mekùfï n,h wfydaislr ;snqK's fuu 24 ^2&
ys m%;smdokh u; mokï fjñka wh÷ïm; m%;sfCIam l< hq;= hehs rch fjkqfjka ;¾l l<o
fY%aIaGdêlrK ;SrKh jQfha rdcH ks<Odßfhl=f.a jrolska wioaNdjhla we;s jk wjia:dfõoS ;ykï
ksfhda.hla ,nd.; yels njh'
^fuu ;SrKh miqj 1974 wxl 19 orK w¾: ksrEmK wd{dmk;g l< ixfYdaOkfhka m%Odkh flreKs' kuq;a
tu úêúOdk m%ldYkhla ,nd .ekSug ndOdjla fkdjk nj miqj ;SrKh jQ kvqlrhla úuid ne,SfïoS fmkS
hhs'&

56
mßCIK fldñIka iNd (Commissions of Inquiry)

fldñIka iNdjka j¾. 2ls'
1. bosßm;a lrkq ,nk ;SrK j,ska mqoa., whs;sjdislï i|yd n,fkdmdk fldñIka iNd
2. bosßm;a lrkq ,nk ;SrK j,ska mqoa., whs;sjdislï i|yd n,mdk fldñIka iNd
mßCIK fldñIka iNd wh;a jkafka ñka fojk j¾.hgh'
n,fkdmdk fldñIka iNd
• m%;sm;a;s idok fldñIka iNd (Policy Making Commissions)

iudcfha hï hï wjYH;dj,g wjYH jk mßos m%;sm;a;Ska ieoSug m;alrkq ,nk fldñIka iNdh'
Wod( nexl= fldñiu
fõ;k ks¾Kh fldñiu
• kS;s m%;sixialrK fldñIka iNd (Legal Reform Commissions)

fïjd idudkHfhka mj;sk kS;Skaf.a wvq,qyqvqlï fidhd n,d jd¾;d lsßug yd ta ms<sn|j Wmfoia ,nd.ekSug
ckdêm;s úiska m;a lrhs'
• i;H fiùfï fldñIka (Trust Finding Commissions)

iudch ;=, isoaO jkakd jQ fyda isÿjQ hï hï ldrKd iïnkaOfhka fidhd n,d jd¾;d lsßug m;alrkq ,nk
fldñIka ‘ fuysoS i;H jYfhka isÿjQ foh muKla jd¾;d lrkq ,nhs'
n,mdk fldñIka iNd
• kS;s fldñIka (Justice Commissions)

iudcfha isÿjQ hï hï isoaëka ms<sn|j fidhd n,d ta ms<sn|j jd¾:d lsßug;a wod, jerosldr md¾Yjhka kï
lsßug;a m;a lrkq ,nhs'
Wod( 1972 oS wmrdO hqla;s mk; hgf;a tu j.jdkqj ;=, isÿjQ ler,sldr ;;a;ajh ms<sn| jd¾;d lsßug
fldñiula m;alrk ,oS' fuysoS tu fldñIug idCIs wd{d mkf;a fukau wmrdO kvqúOdk ix.%yfha
iuyrla úOdk fkd;ld yeßug n,h mjrd ;snqKs'
• mßCIK fldñIka iNd (Commissions of Inquiry)

1948 wxl 17 orK ixfYdaOk mßCIK fldñIka iNd mk;g wkqj ckdêm;sjrhd úiska m;alsßu isÿlrhs'
ckdêm;s úiska kshu lrk ld¾hhka ;=,ska n,h ,nkjd fukau by; mk;ska kshu lr we;s ld¾h mámdàka
tkï
§ idCIslrejka /ia lsßu
§ idCIs jd¾:d lsßu
jeks foa l< yelsh' ;ukag ,enqk n,iSudj ;=, kS;suh lreKQ l< yels jqj;a idudkHfhka ls%hdjka wkqu;
lrk wdldrfha (Recommendatory) yd i;H isoaëka fidhk wdldrfha (Facts Finding ) n,hla orhs'
tksid fuu i;H fidhk wdldrfha ls%hdj,Ska ;=,ska lsisjl=f.a whs;Skag n,mEula fkdjk neúka fïjdfha ;SrK
wêlrK iudf,dapkhg ,la l< fkdyelsh hkak fï ms<sn|j we;s u;hhs' kuq;a hï fyhlska ;SrK uÕska
mqoa., whs;sjdislï i|yd n,mEula isÿjk úg tu ;SrKhka wêlrK iudf,dapkhg ,la lsßug wêlrKh
miqng fkdjk njo fmfka'
Mayor of Colombo v Colombo Municipal Council Bribary Commission 41 CLW 28

md¾,sfïka;= mk;la uÕska kïl< mqoa.,hka msßila ms<sn|j fidhd jd¾;d lsßug fldñIula m;al< w;r
tuÕska jrolrejka njg jd¾;d lrk mqoa.,hkag m%cd ;ykï mkjk ,os' fuysoS wêlrKh m%ldY lf<a
mqoa., whs;sjdislï i|yd n,mdk jd¾;d lsßï neúka wêlrK iudf,dapkh l< yels njh'

57
De Mel v De Silva 51 NLR 105

1949 $ 33 orK w,a,ia ^úfYaI úêúOdk mk; uÕska úOdk olajd ;snQ mßos wod, fldñIu hï uka;S%jrfhl=
k.riNd uka;S%jrhl= w,a,ia jrolg jrolrejl= njg ckdêm;sg jd¾;d l< miq ckm;s
1 tu fidhd.ekSï .eiÜm;%fha m, l< hq;=h
2 tu iNslhd ;ud wdikfhka bj;a l< hq;=h
3 tu iNslhd wjqreÿ 5 lg Pkaoh Ndú;d lsßu je<elaúh hq;=h
fuysoS fY%aIaGdêlrKh ;SrKh lf<a fujka jd¾;djla uÕska mqoa., whs;sjdislï j,g n,mEula isÿjk neúka
ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a l< yels njh'
by; i|yka kvq foflaoS wêlrKh m%ldY lf<a we;eï mrudêldß mk;a uÕska mßCIK fldñIka iNd ;SrK
j,g tfrysj ßÜ wh÷ïm;la bosßm;a l< yels nj;a wod, ks¾foaY ßÜ wd{d uÕska ixfYdaOkh l< yels
nj;ah' kvq folgu wod, jQfha 1949 wxl 31 orK w,a,ia yd ÿIK úfYaI úu¾YK fldñIka iNd mk;h'
Dias v Abeywardana 68 NLR 409

kS;s úfrdaë f,i ÿrl:k ixjdoj,g ijkaoSu ms<sn| fidhd ne,Sug m;al< lñgqfõ iNdm;sjrhdg úreoaOj
(Prohibition) ;ykï wd{djla b,a,d isá úg wêlrK ;SrKh jQfha fldñIu wêlrKuh fyda w¾O
wêlrKuh ls%hdjla fkdlrk neúka ^ßÜ& ;ykï wd{djla ,ndosh fkdyels njh' tfia ,ndoSug kï mqoa.,
whs;sjdislï W,a,x>kh úh hq;= nj m%ldY úh'
Fernando v Jayaratna 78 NLR 123

ëjr ixia:dfõ w;sjQ m%YaKhla iïnkaOfhka m;al< fldñIug fm;aiïlre idCIsÿka miq ;j;a idCIslrejkao
idCIs ÿkay' miqj fldñIu ish jd¾;dj uÕska fidhd.;a lreKq wkqj fm;aiïlre jeroslre njg
jd¾;dlr ;snQ w;r ta wkqj Tyqf.a fiajh wjika lrk ,os' óg úreoaOj wNshdpkfhaoS fY%aIaGdêlrK ;SrKh
jQfha fldñIfï jd¾;dj fhdackd lrk $ wkqu; lrk wdldrfha tlla nj;a fiajfhka my lsßu isÿlf<a
fjk;a mqoa.,hka nj;a, tksid fldñIug úreoaOj ßÜ wd{d ksl=;al, fkdyels nj;ah' ;jÿrg;a fuysoS
m%ldY lf<a jHjia:djl we;s m%;smdok uÕska ffk;sl m%;sM, we;s l< jd¾;djla kï tu ks¾foaYh mrudêldß
wd{djla f,i ie,lsh hq;= nj;ah'
fuysoS Y¾jdkkao úksiqre;=ud m%ldY lf<a fujka fldñIula lghq;= lsßfïoS uq¿ iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾u
ixl,amfhkau wkq.ukh lsßu lsßu w;HdjYH fkdjk kuq;a idOdrK f,i ls%hd lsßfï j.lSula we;s njh'
^fuysoS fm;aiïlreg úreoaOj idCIs ÿka whf.ka yria m%YaK weiSug wjia:djla ,ndoS fkd;snqKs'& idOdrK
f,i lghq;= lsßu m%udKj;ah'
Mendis, Fouzie and Others v Gunawardana, Silva and Others 1978/79 2 SLR 322
fuysoS fldñIu úiska meñKs,slrejka wh;d mßmd,kh we;=¿ jeros j,g jrolrejka njg l<jd¾;dj u;
md¾,sfïka;= iïu; mk;la uÕska jeroslrejkaf.a m%cd whs;sh wfydais flreKs fldñIu m;alf<a fld<U
l=,m;sjrhd yd wfkl=;a wh wh;d wdldrhg lghq;= lr we;aoehs úu¾YKh msKsih' wNshdpkdêlrKh
meñKs,slref.a lS¾;shg" pß;hg" wjxl;ajhg yd n,mEula isÿùwe;s nj;a" th Tjqkaf.a wkd.;hg ydks
isÿúh yels nj;a" tuksid fldñika iNdfõ ;SrKh iudf,dapkhg ,lal< yels nj;a m%ldY lrñka fldñIka
jd¾;dj bj;,ñka ßÜ wd{d ksl=;a lf<a my; fldkafoais u;h'
md¾,sfïka;=fõ iïu; l< mk;a m%YaK fkdlrhs' tksid m%cd whs;Ska wysñ lsßu wfydais fkdfõ ßÜ wd{dj
uÕska meñKs,slrejkaf.a lS¾;shg ieOdrKhla bgq lrkq we;' ^kuq;a fuh fY%aIaGdêlrKh fjkia lrk ,os&
fuysoS hï mqoa., whs;sjdislï j,g ydkshla isÿùu mqoa.,hskaf.a lS¾;shg isÿjk n,mEu $ ydks wod, fkdfõ
hehs mejiQ fY%aIaGdêlrKh tu ksid fldñIka iNd jd¾;dj wêlrK iudf,dapkhg ,la fkdjk nj m%ldY
lrk ,o's fñ lreK iuÕu mdßCIK fldñIka iNdj ms<sn| kS;s ;;a;ajh uq,a ;;a;ajhg m;aúh'

Silva v Sadeek 1978/80 1 SLR 166
foaYSh wêldßka lsysmhla yd tajdfha m%OdkSka ms<sn|j fidhdne,Sug m;al< fldñIu uÕska iajfoaY mßmd,k
wud;Hjrhd, ksfhdacH k.r iNdm;s iy ;j;a k.riNslhka lsysmfofkl=g tfrysj lrKq jd¾;dlr ;snqKs'
fuu jd¾;dfõ lreKq u; úYajdih ;nñka md¾,sfïka;=j 1978 wxl 38 yd 39 orK mk;a uÕska Tjqkaf.a

58
isú,a whs;sjdislï wfydais lrk ,o's bkamiq fuu jrolrejka jQ lSm fofkl= fldñIka jd¾;djg tfrysj
wNshdpkh lf<a
1 iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uhka wkq.ukh fkdlsßu
2 jd¾;dfõ kS;suh jroj,a ;sîu
3 n,d;sl%uKh u;h
fuysoS fY%aIaGdêlrK u;h jQfha fldñIu uÕska lr we;af;a lreKq jd¾;d lsßula muKla neúka i¾Isfhdardß
wd{djla ksl=;a l< fkdyels njh' kuq;a fuu fldñIï md¾,sfïka;= mk;a uÕska msysgjQ tajd neúka
fomd¾Yjhgu lkaoSfï hq;=lula Tjqka fj; mej;s njo m%ldY úh'
hïlsis fldñIka iNdjla m;alr tu fldñIka iNdjg n,hla ,ndoS fldñIka iNdfõ ;SrKh wjidkd;aul
j.ka;shla uÕska wdrCId lr we;s úg tu jd¾;dj u; wêlrK iudf,dapkhg ,lal< hq;=o hkak ie,lSfïoS
m%YaK 3 la u;=úh'
1. fldñIka iNdfõ jd¾;dj wêlrK iudf,dapkhg hg;afõo@
2. hï fldñIka iNdjl jd¾;djla u; md¾,sfïka;=j úiska mk;la mekjQ miq wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 81
^3& jHjia:djg hg;aj tamk;g úreoaOj ßÜ wh÷ïm;la ksl=;a l< yelso @
3. hï fldñIka iNdjla m;al< miq md¾,sfïka;=j uÕska hï fjkialula iys;j jHjia:djla mekùu
isÿl< úg fldñIka iNd jd¾;dj md¾,sfïka;= ßÜ wd{djla uÕska wNsfhda.hg ,lal< yelso@
fuysoS u;l ;nd.; hq;af;a by; oelajQ Mendis Fouzie v. Gunawardana kvqfõoS wNshdpkdêlrKh oelajQ
wdl,amhka fuysoS m%;sfCIam jQ njh'
Bandaranayaka v. Weeraratna 1978 2 SLR 412

1977 ue;sjrKfhka miqj n,hg m;a wdKavqj ysgmq w.ue;sKshf.a ls%hdl,dmh mßCIdlr jd¾;d lsßug
1978 wxl 7 orK mßCIK fldñIka iNd mk; hgf;a fldñIka iNdjla msysgjQ w;r tu fldñIï iNdjg
tu kS;sh we;s lsßug fmr mej;s ldrKd ms<sn|j mßCId lsßug n,hla ke;hk mokñka ;ykï wd{djla
ksl=;a flreKs'
fuysoS wêlrKh m%ldY lf<a md¾,sfïka;= wd{djla uÕska fldñIka iNdfõ ks¾foaY wNsfhda.hg ,lal<
fkdyels njh thg fya;=j fldñIka iNd jd¾;dj lreKq jd¾;d lsßula muKla ùuh' ;jÿrg;a m%ldY lr
isáfha ta jk úg 1978 wxl 38 yd 39 orK mk;a iïu; lr ;snQ ksid wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 81 ^3&
jHjia:dj hgf;a tu mk;a j,g tfrysj ßÜ wd{djla ,ndoSu jH¾: njh' ^jHjia:dfõ we;s wjidkd;aul
j.ka;s i,ld n,k ,os'&
Bandaranayaka v. Weeraratna 1980 1 SLR 10

by; kvqfõoS we;s jQ ÿ¾j,;d uÕyeßug 1978 wxl 14 orK mk; mkjd wod, fldñIug w;S;hg n,mdk
mßos ls%hdlsßug bvi,id tu jd¾;dj u; fm;aiïldßhf.a m%cd whs;sh wfydais flreK's fuysoSo fm;aiïldßh
wêlrKh yuqfõ iykhla b,a,d isá kuq;a wêlrKfha u;h jQfha wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 81 ^3& jHjia:dfõ
oelafjk neyer lsßfï j.ka;sh wkqj md¾,sfïka;=j ksis f,i iïu; lr l;dkdhl w;aika l< mk;la
kS;shla jk ksid wêlrK iykhla ,ndosh fkdyels njh'
Weeraratna v Percy (1988) 1 SLR 151

fuysoSo wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 81 ^3& jHjia:dfõ we;s neyer lsßfï j.ka;sfha we;s m%;smdok ;yjqre flreKs'

59
kS;Hdkql+, ;;a;ajh (Locus Standi)
ßÜ wd{d kS;s b;sydih fidhd hEfïoS i¾Isfhdrdß yd fm%dysìIka ^;ykï& wd{d i|yd fjku mßCIK fhdod
we;s nj uekavduqia wd{d yd ii|k l< fmkShhs' i¾Isfhdardß wd{djla wh÷ï lr fm;aiïlrefjla hï
mqoa., whs;sjdislulau Rcqj n,md we;s nj fmkaúh hq;=h' uekavduqia wd{d yd iïnkaOj m%udKj;a ne|shdjla
fyda m%udKj;a n,mEula hk ixl,amhla we;' we;eïúg fuhska isÿjkafka tu fm;aiïlre isákakdjQ iudcfha
isákd wfkla whg ,efnk whs;shla hï mßmd,k ;SrKhla uÕska ;ukag fkd,efnk njg fmkaùug isÿùuhs'
uE; ld,fhaoS i¾Isfhdardßys Rcq whs;sh lv ùu uekavduqiays m%udKj;a n,mEu hk ixl,am 2 tlg tl;=
ùula olakg we;' kuq;a l,ska l, kS;suh wiudk;d ,xldfõ;a uyd ì%;dkHfha;a we;s úh' fuys oekg mj;sk
ffk;sl ;;a;ajhka fufiah'
,xldfõ ;;a;ajh
Wijesiri v. Siriwardena 1982 1 SLR 171

úu,r;ak úksiqre;=ud ffk;sl uh ;;a;ajh i|yd iqÿiqlï y÷kajdfok ,os' fm;aiïlreg wod, ldrKh yd
iïnkaOj wjxl ne|shdjla ;sìh hq;=h' Tyq Widúhg meñfKkafka uyck ys;ldó mqrjeisfhla f,ih' Tyq
mgq m%isoaêhla ,nd .ekSfï woyiska tl ld¾hnyq,fhla fkdúh hq;=h' fuu iqÿiqlï imqrkafkao hkak wod,
kvqfõ lreKq yd iei|sh hq;=h'

Environment Foundation Ltd v. Minister of Public Administration 1997 2 SLR 306
fuysoS kvrdcd úksiqre;=ud m%ldY lf<a wjxl ne|shdjla we;s ´kEu md¾Yjhlg kS;suh ;;a;ajhla we;s
njh'

Gupta v. Union of India AER 198 / SC 149
fuu kvqfõoS N.j;S úksiqre m%ldY lf<a m%udKj;a ne|shdjla hhs lshkq ,nkafka iudcfha isákafkl= tu wod,
kvqfõ lreKq wkqj fiúh hq;a;la njh'
tlai;a rdcOdksfha ;;a;ajh $ bx.S%is kS;sfha ;;a;ajh
Rex v. Mc Exparta Boun 1957

kvqfõoS mdl¾ úksiqre;=ud mrudêldß wd{d ksl=;a lsßfï wruqK jkafka ì%;dkH /cskf.a mrudêldßh lv
jqfjd;a muKs' tuksid ;kslr msgia;r mqoa.,fhl=g jqjo mrudêldß wd{djla wheoSug yel' tfia l< hq;af;a
wêlrKfha fldkafoaisj,g hg;ajh'
Rcqju n,mEfõ kï n,mE mqoa.,hdg hqla;sO¾ufhka ysñ whs;Ska ,nd.; yel' flfia jqjo 1960 oYlfha
ueo olajd ffk;sluh ;;a;ajh hkafkys f;reu iSud lsßug bx.%Sis Widúh lghq;= lf<ah' 1977
fY%aIaGdêlrK ß;s 53 5^3& ß;sh m%ldrj m%udKj;a ne|shdjla fkdue;sj wêlrKh úiska wNshdpkhg bv
fkdfoa'
Exparte Blackburn 1976 1 WLR 550

ämaf,dla idñjrhd ;ykï wd{djla ksl=;a lf<a wiNH Ñ;%má j,g n,m;% oSug tfrys jQ mqrjeisfhl=gh'
Rex v. Inland Revenue Commissioner 1982 AC 617

tal mqoa., yd iq¿ jHdmdr j, cd;sl yjq, kñka jQ ixúOdkh úiska jdßud¾. fiajlhskaf.a nÿ whskalrk
fuka b,a,d isáfha th wkS;sl hehs mjiñks' idñ uKav,h ;SrKh lf<a wh÷ïlre jQ cd;sl yjq,g
ffk;sl ;;a;ajhla fkdue;s njh tfia jkafka fjk md¾Yjhla fjkqfjka fmkS isák neúks'
tu kvqfõoS fvksx idñjrhd wd.ka;=l m%ldYfha hï rcfha fomd¾;fïka;=jla fyda uyck n,Orfhla kS;sh
W,a,x.kh lr j.d lsßug iQodkï jk úg bka oyila fokdg mSvdjla f.k foa kï tjka mSvdjkakl=g
wêlrKfha wjOdkh tu ls%hdjg fhduq l< yel' fuh w;s wdKavql%u jHjia:dodhS uQ,O¾uhls'

60
Exparte Rose Theatre Trust Company 1990 1 QB 504

fuu kvqfjka tx.,ka;fha ffk;sl ;;a;ajh yd iïnkaOj kj msïula ;enqfõh' fuysoS frdaia Ndrhg
ffk;sl ;;a;ajhla ke;sjQfha Tjqkag th yd ne|shdjla fkd;snqK neúks'
fuu kvqfõ lreKq jQfha 17 jk Y; j¾Yfha mqrdjia;= hï f.dvke.s,slrejka iuQyhla úiska W.=,d oeóuh'
frdaia rx. Yd,dj fYalaiamsh¾ kdgH j,g m%lgh' wod, Ndr iud.u ixhqla; jQfha tu bvu cd;sl jia;=jla
f,i mdßißl uyf,alïjrhdg kï lsßug fhdackdjg;a f.dvke.s,slrejkaf.ka wdrCId lsßug;ah' uy
f,alïjrhd tu fhdackdj m%;sfCIam lrk ,os' iud.u wêlrK iudf,dapkh me;=fõh' kuq;a wh÷u m%;sfCIam
lf<a iud.ula msysgjQ muKska ffk;sl ;;a;ajhla ysñ fkdjk neúks' 1979 ft;sydisl ia:dk mk; uÕska
idudkH mqoa.,fhl=g m%udKj;a ne|shdjla ,nd oS fkdue;'
ßpä fnda,aáka kï m%isoaO .;a l;=jrhd yd kS;S{hd by; ;Skaÿj úfõpkh lrkafka fuh kS;sfha f.dvke.Sug
nrm;, uyrla hhs lshñks'
Exparte Green Peace 1994 1 WLR 570

ì%;dkH kHIaÀl bkaOk n,m;%j,g fjkila lsßug hï jHjia:dms; n,Odßfhla W;aidy lroaoS .S%kamSia
ixúOdkh wêlrK iudf,dapkh m;k ,o's th m%;sfCIam úh v,ka úksiqrejrhd m%ldY lf<a .S%ka mSia
ixúOdkhg nrm;, f,igu ffk;sl ;;a;ajhla ;snqKq njh Tyq i,ld n,d we;af;a .S%ka mSia ixúOdkh
j.lsj yels wx.iïmQ¾K mq¿,a uyck w¾:idOkh i|yd lem jQjla njh'
wêlrKh úiska fuu ixúOdkhg f,dj jgd ñ,shk 5 l ;rï iyfhda.hla yd ì%;dkHfha ydr ,CIhla nj
jgyd .kakd ,os' tfukau kHIaÀl n,d.drh wdY%s; m%foaYfha fooyil muK iyfhda.hla tu ix.ufha
úh' ;jo tlai;a cd;Ska wkqnoaê; wdh;k lSmhlau .S%ksmSia ixúOdkhg WmfoaYd;aul ;;a;ajhla ,ndoS
we;.;jo f,dfjys wfkla ixúOdk yd iuÕ iei|Sulao fuys lr we;'
Exparte Equal Opportunities 1998 1 AC

fm;aiïlrejka m%ldY lf<a 1978 fiajdfhdaclhska wdrCId lsßfï mk; úuxikd;aul ^fjkia f,i i,lk&
njh' fuysoS w¾Old,Sk fiajlhskag jvd wvq wdrCIdjla ;sfnk nj ;¾l úh' uyd f,alïjrhd lshd isáfha
EOC hg ffk;sl ;;a;ajhla fkdue;s njh' kuq;a lS;a idñjrhd oelajQfha 1975 ,sx. úuxik mk; (Sex
Discrimination Act) hgf;a EOC hg úuxikhg tfrysj ls%hd lsßug j.lSula ;sfnk njh' tksid Tjqkag
ffk;sl ;;a;ajhla ysñ úh'
Exparte World Development Movement 1995 1 WLR 376

f,dal ixj¾Ok jHdmdrh uef,aishdfõ m¾.ka c,dY fhdackdl%uhg mjqï ñ,shk 234 la wkqu; l<
wêldßjrhdf.a ;SrKhg tfrysj ls%hd lf<ah' Bg fya;= f,i oelajQfha th wd¾:slhg kqiqÿiq hehs lshñka
úfoaY wdOdr wruqo, whq;= f,i mßyrKh lsßuh' fuysoS WDM jHdmdrh yd ne|s fm!oa.,sl ne|shdjla o
fhdackd l%ufhka Rcq n,mEula ,nk flfkl=f.a fm!oa.,sl ne|shdjlao fkdue;s fyhska tu jHdmdrh m%ldY
lf<a ;uka f;jk f,dalfha mq¿,a uyck w¾:idOkh msKsi fmkS isák njh'

61

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wka;¾uOHu jir

iudf,dapk" m%;p s dr iy úfõpk(

iudc yd iqnidOk f,alï

iydh wOHdmk f,alï

iydh l%Svd f,alï

ks, fkdjk ldrl iNsl" msßñ

ks, fkdjk ldrl iNsl" ldka;d

mßmd,k kS;sh ye|skaùu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 01

mßmd,k kS;sfha uQ,dY% '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''02

kS;shg wkqj ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 04

jd¾;dj u;=msáka fmfkk fodaI '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''05

n,d;sl%uK kHdh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 07

ld¾hmámdál n,d;sl%uKh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 17

iajNdúl hqla;s uq,O¾u ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''19

iajNdúl hqla;s uQ,O¾uhkaf.a ix>gl '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 27

kS;Hdkql+, wfmaCIdfú uq,O¾uh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 31

ßÜ wd{djla ,ndoSug we;s ndOdjka ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''43

wêlrK iudf,dapkfhka neyer lsßu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 47

m%ldYKSh kvqlrh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 55

mßCIK fldñIka iNd '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''57

kS;Hdkql+, ;;a;ajh (locus standi) '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 60

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mßmd,k kS;sh ye|skaùu

mßmd,k kS;sh w¾: ksrEmkh

tia' ta' ä iañ;a

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(1) wêlrK wd{dmk; 1889

Abdul Thassim v. Edmund Rodrigo 48 NLR 228

(3) 1978 wdKavql%u jHjia:dj

Y%S ,xld kS;s YsIH ix.uh 2017

jd¾;dj u;=msáka fmfkk fodaI

Rex v. Nothumberland Compensation Appeal Tribunal Exparty Shaw (1952)1KB338

Anisminic Limited v. Foreign Conpensation Commisssion (1969) 2AC147

uokdhl t' isj{dkiqkaorï

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n,h fkdue;sj l%shd;aul ùu

jhsÜ iy fld,skaia t' fi!LH wud;H 1939 2 SLR 838

Rex v. Home Secretary Exparte Budd 1942 2 KB 14

Ladamuttupillai v. AG 59 NLR 313

Kandy Omni Bus Company Ltd v. Roberts 56 NLR 293

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AG v. Fulham Corporation 1921 1 CH 440

Maximum’s Properties Ltd v. Chertsey UCD 1964 1 QB 214

Broley London Barruw Concil v. Greater London Council 1982 2 WLR 62

Rex Vs Exparte Leech 1994 QB 190

Roberts Vs Mayor of Kandy 59 NLR 1

West Minister Corporation Vs London North Western Railway 1905 AC 426

Y%S ,xld kS;s YsIH ix.uh 2017

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Mincipal Council of Sydney v. Campbell 1925 AC 333

West Minister Co-operation Vs London North Western Railway 1905 AC 426

Webb v. Minister of Housing & Local Government 1 WER 1964

Padfield v. Minister of Agriculture, Fishenes & Food 1966 AC 997

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Gunawardena Vs District Revenue officer weligma korrale 73 NLR 333