+

*
&! &' % $ !" # !"

( )* +
% ,' ! 0 ! , -. / # ,

I D
% ,' ! 0 !
1 2234
!"

f S
-. / # !"

?
?
% ; : (
4 2
,' 9 7 8
0 0%$ 2
4 % $ 2 %( , B %( ? A
&/, 0 0 % $ 2

@
e o :& 3 %
4 6 " 2 ' 5 42
2, ' 6) % $> 2 " =9 %
) 2 2 8
<+ 4(
&/,
? &2 %( ,& !
JTCEI 3 " 2% " JMEKI
i v
&E D C , $ # () D C ( 2 % $ ( 5 -' :& , 4 6 " 2 '
2 H " H 5$ G 3 :& 3 % A % F ) 2 2
:& , A %( , B ?
N, # $ &

c
4 2
&
h
! ) 4 6 " 2 ' H B"
$ % $? ( 4 6 " 2 ' ?
L M & K) ? ,
4 2
&/, 31 6 "
/ %( , B

? 3 ( )
A r
, ' 0 2 , $ & K) 4 6 " 2 ' H B" %
&/, %( ' 8 & ? 3 &R $ A 3 " $ # () % $,Q ( @
$ # () % $,Q %( , B % $,Q ,4 C 7 ( ? 3 B /
, % $,Q Q" % $,Q 3
&$ O #K

S T' " ,2
LM
& ? A
!)

A '0
&
H
& %$ P
$? (
-$

46"2 '? 4 %$ 2 / &5 " %( , B %( ? 3 % $,Q A U

A 2,

A%( ' 8 & ? 2 %( , B ? 4 2 4 6 " 2 ' 5 42

KEY WORDS: Photocatalytic oxidation, Fluidized bed reactor, Reactor simulation, Dynamic two-
phase model.

+E-mail: sotudeh@ut.ac.ir V B" !/*

www.SID.ir
 " # $%

< $ $! +< :"0 $ ! ,$@ $@ $ 6

$ &<1 . % . " 1 > 1 $)/ + $L 6
$ . @ > 1 $ 6 U . % "@ & $% ! ! " #
< +< b $ & $% ! ) <b + $% ! $ ) ! $* ( '
$ &<1 c : , < b $? ':! & $% ! 1 /0 . ,$ -
+<1 . % . < 5 O +> 1 5% ! '( 3# 4 2) $ !
d 6& !< . %> 1 $ , # %$ 2 /1 8#1 $! ' ( 7- 6
, J6 <L , J^ %> 1 $ +< 6; :! . )! 2 $9 ! & $% " #
$ ,$ $ bf! e # $% ! $ 6@ 1 $! ? >1 * =
+ $% ! . 2 !J < +2" &FE D CB <1 @ A
&FX + ZB @ A , 3 gV J$ $! ? >1 ' L K + :G1 HIJ

&FEhB <1 6 ,
$ > 1
3 !6 e )! 6 $
>
$ 6 1 L%
.6 2 W $9 !
61 5
6 1> !

a 0 e )! .
"M
:G1 HIJ
. " 1 $!

I D
= &FNB % ! $ 6
J 6 @ 6 6 5 ;) (/
= /#J 6

# 6
.
.
$

$
6 1> !
!
4
1 !
'! % > ! 6
#% (W . V
>! 6 <1 Y6 +
& $% @ 9
,$4
$J
+ !J

f S
HO J 6 . " 1 > L &
&FRB $% ! Q G! 5 % 5
. " 1 $! = 6 3 (
! ') ! ! J 6
! G :! < 6 'P !
?$1 =
(W
]C\
+ l /a 6
( 1> ! 6 j ,
@g ( !
]k\
HL 6 '(
2
>! 6&% !
a j ! i 0$
6
!1
@g
1 &

e
+
o T
! @ SL ! 6

,W &% !
<
% ! .
,$ - =
V
"M

<9/U

> 1
2 3
!
# ! i 0$
& % !
#%

i v . V
@ ^ $0
! LJ . '( $ !
&FXB % % V
?$1 =

h
<b ! !J D 6@ . e# 1 , ! # 6 . $ ' L
&FEEB @ _Vc :! $9 ! 2 ,$ $ '# Y$ !

. %> 1
L! S ! . % a! ( !

. @
9
H L 6 &<1 l /a H L Wd! 6
r c
lL* & % ! $ 1 6
>!

'! %
9
& $% ! . " 1 H
6
+ . "M = , !
' L =
% ! S ! 6@
' L

l /a 6

> 1
1 ! (!
j % ! 6@ 6 6 U
&FEkB % ! ! J 6 6 U <1
$
A 2V
( 1 >! 6 6
6
<1

+2 gV
6
. @

$ ; :!
G :!< 6
, $ - . W $*
8#1 U $V
!
MA 9 6

$% ! . " 1
$ 2
Y$ &FZB <1 . %
<
$ ' L

,W &% !
$
IV

]E\
d )! = 6 > ! L- & % . "1 , $ @ +. _# & @ ! ^ $0 W [ ,
#/- S ! $J$! 3 !6 d 6 1 L% ' L + . " 1 ,$ $ $ SL ! , $ - % $? $ 6
! V b +! _# &< @ A 1 $! &F`B < $? #% T . ?O $
6@ m <- 1 . <9/U a /#- $$ 2 a G!
JWI Additive JXI Emulsion phase
JYI Bubble phase

&

www.SID.ir
 4 $0# 2$. 3 15 * - . / $0 1 / .2$3 '() *+ ,

( ' & , <A % 1 6 1 L% = 6 . ' L ,W !

. @ $* $/ D $#3 ( 1> ! &< @ A 6 $! 3 !6 . )! = 6
_# &FE`B $% ! . " 1 2 i 0$
$ 2 6 1> ! . @ $* > ! !" #$
$/ D $#3 ( 1 > ! &FEw uEB $% ! . " 1 %
. % HIJ vWJ 2 1 W ! < ) $! $* $ ! 6 1> ! $9 ! +'LA 2 . % , $ - G! e 1
&]E a!\ i 0$ . ' >( a (! > ! 6 <1 Y6 > 1 $
a! 2 ;1$ ]E\ a! . % HIJ . (W . V . i 0$ ( 1
& $% ! $ ]C\ ]k\ (! > ! , ! & $% @ 9 +<1 # %
]E\
+
VOCad + HO•ad → products(H 2 O + CO2 ) ]E \ + ]DTP\ 6 ! > ! + #/- S ! $J$!
+> 1 $ aA . V ( W '

D
TiO 2 (h + ) + VOC → VOC ad ]k\
_# &FnoB < @ A . " 1 $! 2 gV
TiO2 (h + ) + VOCad → VOCad ]C \

I
+
( 1 > ! 6 # % . V i 0$ $9 !
2 i 0$ . @ $* $/ D $#3

S
(! d
<1 (#! $ 2
J$ ! &FkhB % 2 6 a '! % . _ V $ 6 1 L% $9 ! & % . " 1 + !

f
/ ' L e1 5 S ! 2 )! @.6 ( >! 6 (! > ! 6 <1 Y6 > 1
^ $0 1 ' /: 61 . 1 + % ! . & $% ' , !W# $* ( 1
( ' \H
$!
xG1
.
,g
$% ! s +]
< b <9/U &<1

A U i ar $* 2
$J 6 )!
G1
@

e o
.%> 1 + 6
( '& %
> ! 1 # DTP > !
&

. pI <- 1
! y <
&FkEB $% ! HIJ <
( VOC) .
]k\
2%$V xG1
i v > ! pq?
& aA ,
! & $% ! ) l /a H L 6
r +. 1 6

h
< b a $/ D $#3 > ! < b &]N a!\ ! # A < 1 'A ; % l /a 6 > !
& $J l /a H L 6 !J .O

c
! 6 . " 1 KLH HIJ < b kdeg 2 <- 1
i a ]R\ a! 2
)! , # 61 5 _# & $% ! @ 9 6 2 < V

R VOC = k deg θVOC = k deg

N
&FE`B

A r
! <1 + $% !
K LH CVOC
1 + K LH CVOC

(R VOCexp,i − R VOCc,i )2
]N \
& $% ! s L A , J ^ $0 6
6 . " 1 ,$@ $@ <- 1 2 !6 Y d > !
B A ^ /@
HL 6 6
. @ . # , $ - ! J . O $#
! J . O $t > # L1 :!
6@ , J

σ2 = ]R \ (! ! V L1 :! G l /a
i =1 N−K
. " 1 $! < ( J$ .FEC uENB <1 . %
! V a K + 2 !6 ' a . , N G 6 + @ ! A B ^ /@ . @ a G!
R VOCc,i +]<1 k K a G! \ $% a (! ! V 6 . @ .%
<- 1 R VOC exp,i i 2 !6 . % L1 :! 2 <- 1 A . < % vWJ Y J 6$! a! &<1 . % . " 1
% ! i 2 !6 . ! <1 d 2 G _# &<1 . ! E > J l /a H L 6
& $% ! , ]X\ a! ^ $0 &<1 . ! k > J 6 $! Y J > ) 61> 1
JWI Dynamic Two Phase (DTP) JYI Surface Coverage

www.SID.ir
 " # $%

:DTP * 1 % 9 4 8

dC Ab K (C − C Ae ) R Ab (1 − ε b )ρs
= − be Ab + HL 6 A vWJ 6 $!
dz Ub Ub

dCAe K be δ(C Ab − CAe ) R Ae (1 − εe )ρs

= + ,$ $! 6 A vWJ 6 $!
dz U e (1 − δ) Ue

−
U mf U
CA = (1 − δ )C Ae + b δ C Ab A vWJ ;1$ ! <9/U
U0 U0

−(U 0 − U mf )
ε b = 1 − 0.146 exp FENB H L 6 ' /
4.439

εe = ε mf + 0.2 − 0.059 exp

−(U 0 − U mf )
0.429
I D
FENB ,$ $! 6 ' /

ε = (1 − δ)εe + δε b

f S ' / 3 !

δ = 0.534 − 0.534 exp

−(U 0 − U mf )
0.413

e o FnzB H L 6 vWJ

Ue =
U0 − δU b
1− δ

i v ,$ $! 6 6 @ <- 1

c h
:< 8 4 =$ *+ 4 * 1 % 9; 4 8

U mf ρg d p
µg

A r
= 27.22 + 0.0408Ar − 27.2

D b = 0.21H 0.8 (U 0 − U mf )0.42 exp[−0.25(U 0 − U mf ) 2 − 0.1(U 0 − U mf )]

Fn{B < 1 <- 1 'A

Fn|B H L GA

U b = U0 − U e + u br u br = 0.711 gD b Fn}B H L <- 1

1 1 1 Ue D1/2 g1/4
= + K bc = 4.5 + 5.85 AB5/4 Fn}B 6 Y J>) r
K be K bc K ce Db Db

1/ 2
D ε u
K ce = 6.77 AB 3e br
Db

67

www.SID.ir
 4 $0# 2$. 3 15 * - . / $0 1 / .2$3 '() *+ ,

: / ? 2$. * > 9 4 8
@g [~~] SJ ! [~•] SJ ! [~o] SJ ! [kN] SJ !
. - MEK TCE Toluene Toluene

H mm n•• ~~• no{ o•~

Di mm ~| o• o• €
Do mm z• {{ z• z•
dp m }z€~{• ~{• D {•• n~{€z~{ ~{• D {••

s kg/m3 o~z| ~n•• nz•• no••

C ppm n•• D ƒ•• n•• D {•• {€o{ •‚•€~••
n‚n} n‚} n‚•| D n‚~o ~‚•n}

D
Umf cm/s

I
U cm/s Umf-zUmf Umf-|Umf nD| |‚|o
kdeg mol/g s •‚}{ no‚~o •‚nƒo •‚|} ppm/s
KLH Lit/ mol

*+ %
•‚••zz

) "
•‚n{ƒo

77

f S z‚o|} €

)! . %
$ 6 1 L% > ! L -
d . -$#d! 6
a $9 !
$ >1

e o &7
XA (%) / , E

67
5 /#- ; % $ @g &<1 . % . " 1
>! ( 1
6
<b
$ ' L
_# &<1 . ! C > J
$/
i v
D $#3
D7

h
;7
+<1 . % 1 C > J $ .
&<1 . ! C > J , 6 . ! <1 d % L1 :!

c
7
7 ;7 D7 67 &7 77
. . % L1 :! ' L 0 )! $#
+,$ ' ' ! a
'(%

+ % . % 2V
& $% ! . , E '(%
' L 0 6 $LA ' A
A
.

$@, # ,$4 &

r
2 V DTP > !
1
P$ $ / /

!
$% ! .
.
d

* A $ # *+ , +
XA (%) # A/

5B #*
:C8
A $ 0 = 9 @"
+ 5 B # # A/
" 4 & @ ! 9 aA r >!
d d 6 1> ! 6 . ! <1 d , !
, J, J^% . , Q +,
<1 0 Ek . % . G? $% ! .
. <9/U CVOC,out CVOC,in + $
& % ! >$LA ' A
& % ! $ '? < $ ,6 W $ J ?
, ' L ,W ! . <9/U b
& $%„! , ]X\ a! ^ $0
. 2 # C k '(% … ! m <- 1
<9/U 2 W $% ! . k '(% J$ &<1 . % (
Q CVOC,in − CVOC,out )
2W _# `hh khh ppm 6 ,$ ' ' ! R VOCexp = ]X \
W

www.SID.ir
 " # $%

77 & ! 2 5 ' L 0 khh N ppm 6 P $ <9/U

$ 2 FkhB ;1$ # d
&7
, &]C '(%\ ! <1 > 1 $ / /
67 <9/U 2 W / / '! ' L . = W@
XA (%)

Mek-Exp, Cf = &77 ppm, U = DO! cm/s

< 6 1 > 1 ,$4 & # 2 khh Ehh ppm 6
D7
Mek-Model, Cf = &77 ppm, U = DO! cm/s < xG1 2" $ > ) , W ! 2 W 7-
Tol-Exp, Cf = ;77 ppm, U = 6O6 cm/s
;7 Tol-Model, Cf = ;77 ppm, U = 6O6 cm/s
2 W ! & $% ! . < e # $L5 _#
& $% ! , ,W ! 2 7- / / <9/U
7
7O77 7O;7 7OD7 7O67 7O&7 O 77 >a < 1 a , $ :! ' $ !
Cin / Cf # d _# & % Y$ < $
J;7I 2$. @ / @ $ 1 BF G H *+ , # A/ * A $ 9; @" P$ $ $ ' L FkCB † 6 ;1$ 3

77
: 5 @ ,/ M * # JD I KL212/
. ' L ,W !
& C k '(% , $ ! 5 6 ,$@ $@
I D
&]C '(%\ % = W@ > 1
2 V DTP > ! (/#-
$

<9/U
&7

67
. ! <1

f S
&% ! d
d + $% ! .
d
'(%
$? l $ > ! 6
$@, #
XA (%)

' L ,W ! 2V A $LA ' A $* > !

D7

;7
TCE-Model, Cf =

Tol-Model, Cf =

TCE-Exp, Cf =

Tol-Exp, Cf =
77 ppm, U =
DO ppm, U = D cm/s
77 ppm, U = O

DO ppm, U = D cm/s
O

cm/s
cm/s

e o
,W ! 6@
&<1 ,$@ $@

<9/U & % ! ,$ ' ' !

m <- 1 b .
<9/U .
, N '(%
$ ' L
7
7O 7 O 7 7O 7
Cin / Cf
7O!7

i
7O 7

v O 7
&
54 Umf
!
<- 1
6 6@ m <- 1 2 W +
3# 4 2 ,$ ' ' ! ' L , W ! Umf
= W@ FkkB , (# . 6 A ‡
J;7I K / .* / 1 BF G H *+ , # A/ * A $ 9 @"
: 5 @ ,/ M * # J; I KL212/

c h ' / 2 W 7-
6 @ <! A , !6 2 d!
$V ! 3 ( HL +
' / 2 W & $% !
77

&7

A r ,$ ' ' ! ' L , W ! 2

.
&
$ 2
' L , W ! 2 +> 1
= W@ ) A
1
d
FkXB , (# $ &FkRB $% !
$
ER R 6 6 @ , J ^ % 2 W
P$ $
XA (%)

67 Exp- ;77 ppm

Exp- D77 ppm

' L ,W ! 2 V DTP > ! (/#- _#
D7 Exp- &77 ppm
N '(% ,$@ $@ 6 @ m <- 1 ,$ ' ' !
Model- ;77 ppm
Model- D77 ppm >! $% ! . +'(% J$ &<1 . % . ,
;7 Model- &77 ppm
<- 1 d d 2V A $LA ' A $*
7 <- 1 2 W <9/U 4 j<1 ,$@ $@
; D
Ug / Umf 6 6 1 L% 6 . ! <1 d 6@ m
* #+>* NB H *+ , # A/ * A $ 9D @" J$ 2V 2 W ' &<1 d d
:J;;I 2$. @ / @ $ @ ,/ M <1 +E > J l /a H L 6 ' / G

6;

www.SID.ir
 4 $0# 2$. 3 15 * - . / $0 1 / .2$3 '() *+ ,

CA mol/L +A vWJ <9/U 6 l /a H L 6 ' / )! DTP > !

DAB m /s +O$"
2
r ! V lA , L1 :! & $% ! . 6 # aA )!
Db m +H L ;1$ ! GA )! <1 </- DTP > ! ;1$ ( !
Di m+$ /? GA E> J . % a! -$#d! . " 1 $! < b
Do m+$ J ? GA ^ " ! ! J D 6 @ ! 1 L! B ^ /@ .O
dp m +. O GA &<1 . % a 2 gV . " 1 $! !1 6
G m/s + O J H %
2 # <- 1 +2 gV . " 1 $! !1
H m+ ˆ" DTP > ! 2 !6 <1 ! 1 6 # 6 1> 1
Kbc 1/s + HL Y J>) r .% a! lL* </- # j<1 . % Y d ,
Kbe 1/s +l /a HL Y J>) r 6 H L l /a 6 ' / )! E > J
Kce 1/s +l /a Y J>) r ' L 0 ,W ! d + $% ! L1 :! aA )!
KLH
kdeg
L/mol +HIJ < b
mol/g s +2 <b
& $% ! 2V d

I D )! 6 .

, ) "

S
P Pa + $ /#-
Q L/s +, J / , J ^ % $ 2 > 1 $ +2 gV
R
RAb
RAe
mol/g s +2
mol/g s +H L 6
mol/g s +l /a 6
2 <- 1
2 <- 1
<- 1

o> 1
d
% . + d

/#-
$ f )! & % 6 1 L% $ 6

! V b
.
6 1 L%
_# &<1
6 1 L% 6 . ! <1
<A 6 DTP > !
$? $

e
T K+$ /#- !
6@ m <- 1 . <9/U a
g +< $ ,6

v
W
d &% 1 6 1 L% = 6 . ' L ,W !

i
U m/s +6 @ m <- 1
' L ,W ! , 6 1 L% 6 . ! <1
Ub m/s +H L <- 1

h
<- 1 . <9/U y <L .
Ue m/s +l /a <- 1
$* j<1 d d # l A $* 6 @ m
Umf
ubr
Z
r c
m/s +< 1 <- 1 'A

m +.
m/s +H L $a0 <- 1
S 6$ < aA$!
d
<- 1 2 W
.
.
9 , $ ! & $% ! .
6 1 L% 6 . ! <1
<9/U 2 W
, W ! 2 7- 6 @
d
,
m

A "" & %
H L 6 vWJ
2%$V xG1
' L

<- 1 .
bf! $*
$J

, $ ! + $9 !
1 !
j
$ > 1

<9/U ,
&<1 6 6 @ 1 !
.
$

V $
<%
$

m
g kg/m3 +6 @ . "1 $ > 1 $ 6 1 L% 6 . " 1
s kg/m3 + ! J 1 ! <9/U )! 2 !6 Y d 6 2 V DTP > ! 6
g Pa s +6 @ 6$( & 2V 6@ 1 ! m <- 1 .
' / 3 !
b HL 6 ' / /" - .
e l /a 6 ' / Ar dp3
g( s − g)g/ g
2
+e #% -

www.SID.ir
 " # $%

out J ? 0& " &

TCE / / b HL
e l /a
in
ECwk‚EE‚k Š = IV ‰ j ECwE‚Eh‚kN Š < ‰ MEK ,$ ' ' !

12
[1] Alberici R.M., Jardim W.F., Photocatalytic Destruction of VOCs in the Gas-Phase Using
Titanium Dioxide, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 14, p. 55 (1997).
[2] Avila P., Bahamonde A., Blanco J., Sanchez B., Cardona A., Romero M., Gas-Phase

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 17, p. 75 (1998).

I D
Photo-Assisted Mineralization of Volatile Organic Compounds by Monolithic Titania Catalysts,

[3] Beauchet R., Magnoux P., Mijoin J., Catalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds

(2007).

f S
(VOCs) Mixture (Isopropanol/o-xylene) on Zeolite Catalysts, Catalysis Today, 124, p. 118

[4] Sano T., Negishi N., Takeuchi K., Matsuzawa S., Degradation of Toluene and Acetaldehyde

(2004).

e o
with Pt-Loaded TiO2 Catalyst and Parabolic Trough Concentratorr, Solar Energy, 77, p. 543

[5] Kim K.J., Kang C.S., You Y.J., Chung M.C., Woo M.W., Jeong W.J. et al., Adsorption-

111, p. 223 (2006).

i v
Desorption Characteristics of VOCs Over Impregnated Activated Carbons, Catalysis today,

h
[6] Samantaray S.K., Parida K., Modified TiO2/SiO2 Mixed Oxides: Effect of Manganese
Concentration and Activation Temperature Towards Catalytic Combustion of Volatile

r c
Oorganic Compounds, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 57, p. 83 (2005).
[7] Bouzaza A., Laplanche A., Photocatalytic Degradation of Toluene in the Gas Phase:
Comparative Study of Some TiO2 Supports, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A:

A
Chemistry, 150, p. 207 (2002).
[8] Sano T., Negishi N., Kutsuna S., Takeuchi K., Photocatalytic Mineralization of Vinyl Chloride
on TiO2, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 40, p. 168 (2001)
[9] Motamed Dashliborun A., “Experimental Study and Modeling of Photocatalytic Oxidation of
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in a Fluidized Bed
Reactor,” M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran, Iran (2012)
[10] Jafari R., Sotudeh Gharebagh R., Mostoufi N., Modular Simulation of Fluidized Bed Reactors
Chemical Engineering & Technology, 27, p. 123 (2004).
[11] Karimi Golpayegani M., "Photocatalysis for Waste Gas Treatment: Kinetics and Fluidized Bed
Reactor Modeling," M.Sc. Thesis, University of Calgary, Canada (2008).

6D

www.SID.ir
 4 $0# 2$. 3 15 * - . / $0 1 / .2$3 '() *+ ,

[12] Jafari R., Sotudeh-Gharebagh R., Mostoufi N., Two-Phase Simulation of Gas-Solid Fluidized
Bed Reactors by Tanks-in-Series Model, Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran, 23(2),
p. 33 (2004). [in Persian].
[13] Mostoufi N., Cui H., Chaouki J., A Comparison of Two-and Single-Phase Models for
Ffluidized-Bed Reactors, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 40, p. 5526 (2001).
[14] Cui H., Mostoufi N., Chaouki J., Characterization of Dynamic Gas-Solid Distribution in
Fluidized Beds, Chemical Engineering Journal, 79, p. 133 (2000).
[15] Wen C., Yu Y., A Generalized Method for Predicting the Minimum Fluidization Velocity,
AIChE Journal, 12, p. 610 (1966).
[16] Cai P., Schiavetti M., De Michele G., Grazzini G., Miccio M., Quantitative estimation of
bubble size in PFBC, Powder technology, 80, p. 99 (1994).

I D
[17] Kunii D., Levenspiel O., “Fluidization Engineering”: Butterworth-Heinemann Boston; (1991)
[18] Fogler H. S., “Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering”, London: Prentice-Hall
International; (1999)
[19] Peral J., Domnech X., Ollis

f S
F., Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Purification,
Decontamination and Deodorization of Air, Wiley Online Library, p. 117 (1997).
[20] Lim T.H., Kim S.D., Trichloroethylene Degradation by Photocatalysis in Annular Flow and

o
Annulus Fluidized Bed Photoreactors, Chemosphere, 54, p. 305 (2004).
[21] Tomaši V., Jovi F., Gomzi Z., Photocatalytic Oxidation of Toluene in the Gas Phase:

e
Modelling an Annular Photocatalytic Reactor., Catalysis Today, 137, p. 350 (2008).

i v
[22] Hajaghazadeh M., Kakooei H., Motamed Dashliborun A., Sotudeh-Gharebagh R., Golbabaie F.,
Afshar S. et al., Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Ethyl Kketone by Nano TiO2 in a
Fluidized Bed Reactor, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 22 (2012).

Bepress, p. 73 (2007)

c h
[23] Zhang X., Liao C., Photocatalytic Degradation of Toluene by Nano-TIO2 in a Fluidized Bed,

A r
[24] Prieto O., Fermoso J., Irusta R., Photocatalytic Degradation of Toluene in Air Using a
Fluidized Bed Photoreactor, International Journal of Photoenergy, 2007, p. 1 (2007).
[25] Lim T.H., Kim S.D., Photo-Degradation Characteristics of TCE (Trichloroethylene) in an
Annulus Fluidized Bed Photoreactor, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 21, p. 905
(2004).
[26] Kuo H., Wu C., Hsu R., Continuous Reduction of Toluene Vapours from the Contaminated
Gas Stream in a Fluidised Bed Photoreactor, Powder Technology, 195, p. 50 (2009).

www.SID.ir