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ŹŮŵţƪřŜėğƹůƯţƯƪĕşƫƆƹƪĕ .I Ċÿ¥ÅąÂ÷¥ĂČ·Ć°÷¥

: şƿƪřƧƂDŽĕ .1
15ƱƮ4şƣƿŦƹƪĕƻƫƖşƫŧƯƯƪĕėŹƦđěŹţƣƲşƫŝƣţſƯƪĕėŹƧŝƪřŜşƦŹůƯƪĕėŹƧŝƪĕƩƇƾijŷƪĕŹƿſƪĕŵƃƪ
ĎřƶŻƮğřƮıĎ1ĝƹƯƗƪĕı2ƩƧƿƷƪĕƱƿŜşƫƆƹƪĕƽƶřƮ
ėğƹůƯţƮ:şƫƆƹƪĕ

:şƫƆƹƪĕŻƮğ
ĎƵţƟƿƒıřƮı3ŹƇƳƗƪĕƭžēřƮ
.īdžŻƲDŽřŜƽƲĕğıŵƪĕƵƿŪƹţƪĕ3ŹƇƳƗƪĕşƟƿƒıŵƳžĘĕĞėĝřžı3ŹƇƳƗƪĕƭžē
.řƶğřƿţŲēğŹŜıřƷƳƿƿƗŢŹſƞĎƵŢĝřƮƽƶřƮ
ğƹƟſƟƪĕƱƮƩƿƫƢıŹƾŵƇƣƪĕƱƮ% 9ƻƫƖijƹţůƾġřůƲũƾŻƮ ŻƲŹŝƪĕCu Sn 9 P : 3ŹƇƳƗƪĕėĝřƮ
ũƿūƋƪĕıƩƦōţƪĕīdžŻƲDŽřŜƽƲĕğıŵƪĕƵƿŪƹţƪĕĘřƿŝƫžƭƶđƱƮ ĎīdžŻƲDŽřŜƽƲĕğıŵƪĕƵƿŪƹţƪĕĘřƿŝƫžƽƶřƮ
ĎƥƪĕĞƱƮƝƿƟųţƫƪěŹţƣŢĕĞřƮ
ĎĘřŪŹŮŵƯŜĘĕĝřžƹƪĕŹƿƿƛţŜƥƪĞıĚŹŮŵţƪřŜīdžŻƲDŽĕŹƿƿƛŢěŹţƣƲƥƪĕĞƱƮƝƿƟųţƫƪ
:ŹƿĩĩĩƦŷŢ
ıĪƹŪ)ƱƾŹƇƳƖƱƿŜşƿŝſƲşƿƲĕğıĝşƦŹůŜŭƯſŢČşƿŖŻŪşƫƆıƽƶėğƹůƯţƯƪĕşƫƆƹƪĕ : ƝƾŹƗŢ .2
.(ĝƹƯƖ
:şƫƆƹƫƪƽƟƿƒƹƪĕŹƿŝƗţƪĕ .3
dşƖƹƯūƯƪĕ cşƖƹƯūƯƪĕ

FP cşƖƹƯūƯƪĕ
dşƖƹƯūƯƪĕ
şƫƆƹƪĕ
ėğƹůƯţƯƪĕ
FC

ƽŪğřųƪĕƍƿůƯƪĕ

dşƖƹƯūƯƫƪşŝſƳƪřŜcşƖƹƯūƯƫƪšŜřŦğƹůƮĭƹŮƽƲĕğıĝƵƿŪƹŢįřƯƊ :Fp
ƍƿůƯƪĕƕƮƭƫƢŏţƪĕ :Fc
:ĚŹŮŵţƪřŜėğƹůƯţƯƪĕşƫƆƹƪĕ .4

38ƱƮ1 :şůƟƇƪĕ ƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲDŽĕ:ďŻŪ

 .ŽƮLJţƪĕşƗƿŝƎśſŮĚŹŮŵţƪĕŹƆřƳƖƝƫţųŢ :ĚŹŮŵţƪĕŹƆřƳƖ - 41
şƿƎıŹųƮıđşƿƲĕƹƏžĕĚŹŮŵţƪĕŹƆřƳƖįƹƧŢ :ƽƏŲŽƮLJŢ ¾
.şƾıŹƦĚŹŮŵţƪĕŹƆřƳƖįƹƧŢ :ƽƏƣƲŽƮLJŢ . ¾
:ĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕ - 42
ĪƹūƪĕıĝƹƯƗƪĕƱƿŜƽƲĕğıŵƪĕƵƿŪƹţƪĕįřƯƋƪĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕƩƯƗţſŢ :şƟƿƒƹƪĕ
ĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕƱƯƋŢıĚŹŮŵţƪřŜ
ƵƿŪƹţƪĕƽƞşƿƪřƖşƢĝ -
. (ũƾğřŮŵƪĕƩƋƟŜ )ƻƲĝđĬřƧţŮē -

.ĝƹƷūƪĕƩƯůŢ -
1
: şŪŹŮŵƯƪĕ ĘřƲƹƧƮ - 43

2 . Īƹūƪĕ ƻƫƖ śƦŹŢ ı şŪŹŮŵţƯƪĕ ŹƆřƳƗƪĕ ƭƋŢ : şƿŪğřųƪĕ şŝƫūƪĕ.༃

. ĝƹĩĩƯƗƪĕ ƻƫƖ śƦŹŢ ı : şƿƫŲĕŵƪĕ şŝƫūƪĕ ༄

3 şŪŹŮŵţƯƪĕ ŹƆřƳƗƫƪ ƭƓţƳƯƪĕ ƕƾĠƹţƪĕ ı śƿƦŹŢ ƻƫƖ ŵƖřſƾ : ( ƅƟƣƪĕ ) ŵƯƛƪĕ ༅

4
şƿŪğřųƪĕ şŝƫūƪĕ ı şƿƫŲĕŵƪĕ şŝƫūƪĕ ƱƿŜ įƹƧŢ : şŪŹŮŵţƯƪĕ ŹƆřƳƗƪĕ ᬈ

30 BC 02 X E .ĭřŧƮ :ƱƿƿƗţƪĕ

ƽƯždžĕŹƏƣƪĕ şŪŹŮŵƯƪĕĠĕŹƎ ĝřƗŜǂĕşƫſƫž ƅƟƣƪĕħƹƲ ƩƆřƟƪĕ

ĝƹƯƗƫƪ

şĩĩƪƹĩĩĩƯůƯƪĕ ĝƹƷūƪĕ śſŮ ĘřĩĩŪŹŮŵƯƪĕ ĘĕĠĕŹƎ ƝƳƇŢ : ĘřĩĩĩŪŹŮŵƯƪĕ ĘĕĠĕŹĩĩƎ -45

ijŹĩƏƢƝƇƲŵƷŪ ijğƹĩĩůƮŵĩĩƷŪ śƦŹƮŵĩƷŪ

38ƱƮ2 :şůƟƇƪĕ ƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲDŽĕ:ďŻŪ

 : ĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕ ĘřŪĕŹŮŵƯƪĕ ĘĕĠĕŹƎ ƕŜřŢ
ƩƿŧƯţƪĕ şƪƹƯůƪĕİřūŢē
ĚŹŮŵƯƪĕħƹƲ şƖŹſƪĕşƯƿƢ ĭřƯƗţžDŽĕ
ijĝřƖ ƽƢřƟŢDŽĕ Radiale Axiale
ĘĕĞşŪŹŮŵƮ ėŹŝţƗƮ :şƾğƹůƯƪĕĝƹƷūƪĕ
:şƾŹƏƢƝƇƲĝƹƷūƪĕ
ŵŮĕıƝƆ
ėŹŝţƗƮ
ĘřƾŹƧƪĕƱƮ +++ ++ +++ şƿƪřƖ :įĕğıŵƪĕşƖŹž
ŽƮLJţŜ ĕğƹůƯŢśƫƏţŢ :ĘřƓŮLJƮ
.ĪƹūƪĕıĝƹƯƗƪĕƱƿŜĕŵƿŪ
ijŹƏƢƝƇƲ
ėŹŧƧŜƩƯƗţſƮ ĠĕŹƏƪĕĕŷƶ
şƿƪřƖ :şƾğƹůƯƪĕĝƹƷūƪĕ
şƿƪřƖ :şƾŹƏƢƝƇƲĝƹƷūƪĕ
ĘĕĞşŪŹŮŵƮ
şƿƪřƖ :įĕğıŵƪĕşƖŹž
ĚğřŮĝ +++ + ++ ĕğƹůƯŢśƫƏţŢ :ĘřƓŮLJƮ
şƿƎıŹųƮ ĕŵƿŪ
śƦŹŢČĪƹūƪĕıĝƹƗƪĕƱƿŜ
.ƩŜřƣţƪřŜıřŪĕıĠđ
şƮıŵƗƮ :şƾğƹůƯƪĕĝƹƷūƪĕ
şƿƪřƖ :şƾŹƏƢƝƇƲĝƹƷūƪĕ
ŹŜēıĞŷƯƖ ++++ 0 +++ şƿƪřƖ :įĕğıŵƪĕşƖŹž
įřƧƮƽƞśƿƦŹŢ :ĘřƓŮLJƮ
ơƿƊ
ĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕğřƿţŲĕƩƮĕƹƖ .5
ĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕĘřžřƿƢ -ĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕĠĕŹƎ - :ƽƶĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕğřƿţŲdžşƿžřžǂĕƩƮĕƹƗƪĕ -
:ĩŜĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕğřƿţŲĕƍŝŢŹƾ : ĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕĠĕŹƎğřƿţŲĕ .6
.řƶŻƦŹƯŢıřƷƶřūŢĕışƪƹƯůƪĕėŵƂśſŮĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕğřƿţŲĕƭţƾ:ĘdžƹƯůƪĕ x

ŹƆřƳƖĬřƧţŮĕƱƖşūŢřƳƪĕėğĕŹŮşŪğĝƱƮŵůŢƽţƪĕıřƷŜěƹƯſƯƪĕşƖŹſƪĕśſŮşŪŹŮŵƯƪĕğřţųƲ:įĕğıŵƪĕşƖŹž x
.ĚŹŮŵţƪĕ

şƪƹƷžČČşƫƯţůƯƪĕĘřƶƹƃţƪĕČĘĕĠĕŻţƶdžĕČĘřƮŵƇƪĕėřƖĕŹƯŜĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕğřƿţŲĕƭţƾ :ĭřƯƗţždžĕıśƿƦŹţƪĕĪıŹƒ x
.űƪē....ģƹƫųƪĕƍŝƊıƥƿƧƟţƪĕıśƿƦŹţƪĕ
.ĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕĘřžřƿƢğřƿţŲĕ - 61
.şƮıřƣƯƪĕĘřŜřſŮƱƖşūŢřƳƪĕĘřžřƿƣƪĕşƫſƫžśſŮĭıĕŵŪƱƮĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕĘřžřƿƢğřţųƲ
:şŪŹŮŵƯƫƪşƲƹƧƯƪĕėĝřƯƪĕĘĕŻƿƯƮƱƮ :şŪŹŮŵƯƫƪşƫƯƗţſƯƪĕĝĕƹƯƪĕ - 62

.đŵƇƪĕşƮıřƣƮČƩƦōţƪĕşƮıřƣƮČėĝLJƇƪĕ 

18CrNiMo ,100CrMo17 ,100Cr6 :şƿƪřţƪĕĝĕƹƯƪĕƱƮƕƳƇŢ 

ĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕğřƿţŮĕƽƞŽƿƿƣţƪĕĘřƟƆĕƹƮĮĕŹţŮĕśūƾ :şƓŮLJƮ
38ƱƮ3 :şůƟƇƪĕ ƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲDŽĕ:ďŻŪ
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Cu Sn 9 P ŵƳſŜėĝřžı 2 3
Al Si 13 ƩƧƿƶ 1 2
25 Cr Mo 4 ĝƹƯƖ 1 1
şƓŮLJƮ ėĝřƮ ĘřƳƿƿƗŢ ĝŵƖ ƭƢğ
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ėŹƦđ AR
............................... :űƾğřţƪĕ
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(BC)ijŹƏƢƝƇƲġřƯŢıĘřƾŹƧƪĕ
2şŝƫūƪĕƵƗƮŹūƾ1ĝƹƯƗƪĕįĕğıĝŵƳƖ :şƫƞğŵƪĕėŹƶřƒ .1
Ø2 – N2 :įƹƧŢťƿŮC şƏƣƳƪĕƽƞīřƇţƪdžřŜ
Ø 1- N1 V1 V2
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ιϮϠΧ Υ

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d1 .N1=d2 .N2 : ƵƳƮı
3 C
d1 < d2 ƽƳƗƾ (Ĝ )ģƹƫųƪĕĝƹŪı
4
N2<N1ƩƗūƾřƯƮ
P
ƽƪřţƪřŜışƟƫţųƮşƿƲĕğıĝşƖŹžřƯƷƪ (2)ı (1)įĕŹƇƳƗƪĕ
༃:ƩƧƂ
ƻƪĕijĝőƾřƯƮĚŹŮŵţƪĕŹƆřƳƖıĝƹƯƗƪĕƱƿŜşƿƫŲĕŵƪĕşŝƫūƪĕŹƇůƳŢ
şƫƞğŵƪřŜėŹƶřƓƪĕİŷƶƻƯſŢı ƍƛƋƪĕśŝſŜřƷƧƯžįĕŵƣƞ
:ĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕśƿƦŹŢŵƖĕƹƢ .1
.şƫƞğŵƪĕėŹƶřƒIJĝřƟţƲƻţŮŵƃƪřŜơƞĕƹţŜşƪƹƯůƪĕİřūŢdžşŝſƳƪřŜėğĕıŵƪĕşŝƫūƪĕśƦŹŢ: 1ėŵƖřƣƪĕ
.şƖƹƯūƯƪĕśƿƦŹŢƩƿƷſţƪ (ƽƢdžŻƲĕ ) ƽƆƹƫŲơƞĕƹţŜşƪƹƯůƪĕİřūŢdžşŝſƳƪřŜşţŜřŧƪĕşŝƫūƪĕśƦŹŢ : 2ėŵƖřƣƪĕ
şŝƦŹƮėŵŮĕışŝƫŪơƞŹŢřƯƳƿƾ (şƷŪƩƦƱƮŻŪřŮ ) ĭřƣţƲdžĕƕƳƯƪƱƾŻŪřůŜ ģƹƫųŜşŝƦŹƮşŝƫŪƩƦơƞŹŢ:3ėŵƖřƣƪĕ
.ģƹƫųŜşŝƦŹƮşŝƫŪƩƦƻƫƖ ŵŮĕıŻŪřŮıđĭřƣţƲdžĕƕƳƯƪƱƾŻŪřůŜģƹƫųŜ

ğıŵƾĪƹŪşƪřŮ ğıŵƾĝƹƯƖşƪřŮ

ƍŝƋƪĕ
ƍŝƋƪĕ

38ƱƮ5 :şůƟƇƪĕ ƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲDŽĕ:ďŻŪ

 śƿƦŹţƪĕĘdžřŮƝƫţųƮ .2
:ijŹƏƢƝƇƲŽƮLJţŜĘřƾŹƧƪĕƱƮŵŮĕıƝƆĘĕĞĘřŪŹŮŵƮśƿƦŹŢ – 1- 3
ğĕıĝĪƹŪ ğĕıĝŵƯƖ
ƽƏƿƏųţƪĕƩƿŧƯţƪĕ ƽƏƿƏųţƪĕƩƿŧƯţƪĕ

+ + + +

༃şƪřůƪĕ

༃şƪřůƪĕ
+ + + +

:śƿƦŹţƪĕĕŷƶƩƯƗţſƾ :śƿƦŹţƪĕĕŷƶƩƯƗţſƾ
.ėŵƯƖǂĕĝŵƯŢşƪřŮƽƞ - .ėŵƯƖǂĕĝŵƯŢşƪřŮƽƞ -
.ĘdžƹƯůƪĕįĠĕƹŢĮŵƖ - .ĘdžƹƯůƪĕįĠĕƹŢĮŵƖ -

+ + + +
༄şƪřůƪĕ

༄şƪřůƪĕ
+ + + +

:śƿƦŹţƪĕĕŷƶƩƯƗţſƾ :śƿƦŹţƪĕĕŷƶƩƯƗţſƾ
.ėŵƯƖǂĕĝŵƯŢĮŵƖşƪřŮƽƞ - .ėŵƯƖǂĕĝŵƯŢĮŵƖşƪřŮƽƞ -
.ĘdžƹƯůƪĕįĠĕƹŢ - .ĘdžƹƯůƪĕįĠĕƹŢ -
ėŹƿƇƣƪĕėŵƯƖǂĕ - ėŹƿƇƣƪĕėŵƯƖǂĕ -

+ + + +
༅şƪřůƪĕ

༅şƪřůƪĕ

+ + + +

:śƿƦŹţƪĕĕŷƶƩƯƗţſƾ :śƿƦŹţƪĕĕŷƶƩƯƗţſƾ
.ėŵƯƖǂĕĝŵƯŢşƪřŮƽƞ - .ėŵƯƖǂĕĝŵƯŢşƪřŮƽƞ -
.ĘdžƹƯůƪĕįĠĕƹŢ - .ĘdžƹƯůƪĕįĠĕƹŢ -
.şƫƾƹƏƪĕėŵƯƖǂĕ - .şƫƾƹƏƪĕėŵƯƖǂĕ -
38ƱƮ6 :şůƟƇƪĕ ƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲDŽĕ:ďŻŪ
 :ŻŪĕƹůƪĕďřƃƲdžşƿŪƹƪƹƳƧŢĭƹƫŮ .3

ĝƹƯƗƪĕƻƫƖĭřƣţƲdžĕƕƳƮŻŪĕƹŮ
đŵŝƯƪĕ༃ ėĠŻůƮşƪƹƮřƆ༄ şƲŹƮşƣƫŮ༅

ŹƂřŝƮŵƳžᬊ .ĝƹƯƗƪĕƻƫƖĪřūƪᬉ ƱƿŖŻŪƱƮşŝƫŪᬈ

đŵŝƯƪĕ༃ ŹƂřŝƮŵƳž༄ ༅ĪƹūƪĕƻƫƖĪřūƪ

ĪƹūƪĕƻƫƖĭřƣţƲdžĕƕƳƮŻŪĕƹŮ
şƿƫŲĕĝşƲŹƮşƣƫŮᬈ ďřƏƛŜŵƳžᬉ ƩŲĕŵţŜďřƏƚᬊ

ĘřŪŹŮŵƮşŝƫƖᬋ şŝƪƹƫŜďřƏƚᬌ şƆřŲşƪřŮᬍ

38ƱƮ7 :şůƟƇƪĕ ƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲDŽĕ:ďŻŪ

 :ėĠŻůƮşƪƹƮřƆśƿƦŹŢ .4

:ĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕƩƮĕƹŮƻƫƖĘřƣƞĕƹţƪĕ .5
ũƾğřŮŵƪĕħĕƹƲđ
ĘřŮřƯž
ũƾğřŮĝ ũƾğřŮĝ ĝƹƯƗƪĕŹƏƢ śƿƦŹŢ
Īƹūƪĕ şƾıŹƦũƾğřŮĝ ĘdžƹƯůƪĕ
şƿƎıŹųƮ şƿƲĕƹƏžđ (ƭƮ ) Ęřŝƫūƪĕ
m6 J6 h6 >40
H7 6n K6 j6 140 - 40 şƟƿƗƊ
p6 m6 K6 200 -140 Ęřŝƫūƪĕ
m6 K6 j6 >40 şƿƫŲĕŵƪĕ
H7 6n m6 K6 140 - 40 şƪŵţƗƮ
şŝƦŹƮ
p6 6n m6 200 -140
ŵƃƪřŜ
6n m6 K6 >40
J7 p6 6n m6 140 - 40 şƿƪřƖ
p6 p6 6n 200 -140
K 7
M 7 g 6 g 6 g 6 şƟƿƗƊ
P7 Ęřŝƫūƪĕ
M7
şƿŪğřųƪĕ
N 7 g 6 g 6 g 6  şƪŵţƗƮ
şŝƦğĮ
P7
ŵƃƪřŜ
N 7 şƿƪřƖ
g 6 g 6 g 6
P 7

38ƱƮ8 :şůƟƇƪĕ ƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲDŽĕ:ďŻŪ


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ĊôČÿ¦ôČû˜¦ÐÿŸ
KB)şƿƎıŹųƮũƾğřŮĝĘĕĞĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕśƿƦŹŢ .III Ċÿ¥ÅąÂ÷¥ĂČ·Ć°÷¥
ƱƿŜşƫƆƹƪĕƽƶřƮČśƿƣŧŢşƪĐƥſƯƮƩŜřƣƯƪĕƭžŹƪĕƩŧƯƾ :şƿƪřƧƂDŽĕ .1
ėğƹůƯţƮşƫƆıĎşƪǀĕƩƧƿƶıƥſƯƯƫƪƩƮřůƪĕĝƹƯƗƪĕ
ĎĝƹƯƗƪĕĕŷƶƻƫƖşƣŝƏƯƪĕĝƹƷūƪĕħƹƲřƮ
şŝƦŹƮĝƹƷŪĝƹƯƗƪĕƻƫƖşƣŝƏƯƪĕĝƹƷūƪĕ
ĎĝƹƯƗƪĕĕŷƷƪƽƲĕğıŵƪĕƵƿƷŪƹţƪĕơƿƣůţƪƭŖLJƯƪĕĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕħƹƲřƮ
( KB)şƿƎıŹųƮũƾğřŮĝĘĕĞĘřŪŹŮŵƮ :ƽƶƥƪĞơƿƣůţƪƭŖLJƯƪĕĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕ

şƫƯůƯƪĕĪĕƹŪdžĕıĕėŵƯƖdžĕƵƿŪƹţƪĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕƱƮƝƳƇƪĕĕŷƶƩƯƗţſŢ :ĭřƯƗţždžĕĘdžřŮ .2
. şƾŹƏƢƝƇƲışƾğƹůƮĝƹƷūŜ
ijğƹůƯƪĕƕƊƹƯţƪĕơƿƣůţƪşſƦřƗţƮşƣƾŹƏŜřŪĕıĠđĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕİŷƶśƦŹŢ
"X" ĪŹůƪĕƩƧƂƻƫƖŹƂřŝƮśƿƦŹŢ –şƪƹƯůƫƪşŝſƳƪřŜğıŵƾĝƹƯƖ :ƻƪıǂĕşƪřůƪĕ1-2

šŜřŦĪƹŪ : śƿƦŹţƪĕĘřƣƞĕƹŢ ¾
C
D m6 ĝıŵƃƮơƞĕƹţŜşŝƦŹƮıėğĕıĝşƿƫŲĕŵƪĕşŝƫūƪĕ
ƍŝƋƪĕ
A B H7 ƽƆƹƫŲơƞĕƹţŜşŝƦŹƮışţŜřŦşƿŪğřųƪĕşŝƫūƪĕ
H7.

m6

ğĕıĝĝƹƯƖ :ĘřŝƫūƫƪşƾğƹůƯƪĕĘLJƆƹƪĕ
‡

A B A-B ĘĕŵƳſƪĕĝƹƯƗƪĕƕƮşƿƫŲĕŵƪĕĘřŝƫūƪĕ
ƍŝƋƪĕ C ŵƳſƪĕĪƹūƪĕƕƮşƿŪğřųƪĕşŝƫūƪĕ
D
C

DIJƹţſƮƻƫƖƭţƾśƿƦŹţƪĕģƹƫųƪijğƹůƯƪĕƍŝƋƪĕ

ŵƃƪřŜơƞĕƹŢ
ģƹƫųŜơƞĕƹŢ
" O " ĪŹůƪĕƩƧƂƻƫƖŹƂřŝƮŹƿƚśƿƦŹŢ –şƪƹƯůƫƪşŝſƳƪřŜğıŵƾĪƹŪ:şƿƲřŧƪĕşƪřůƪĕ2-2
: śƿƦŹţƪĕĘřƣƞĕƹŢ ¾
ğĕıĝĪƹŪ
A B
f6 ƽƆƹƫŲơƞĕƹţŜşŝƦŹƮışţŜřŦşƿƫŲĕŵƪĕşŝƫūƪĕ
C
ƍŝƋƪĕ
D P7 ĝıŵƃƮơƞĕƹţŜşŝƦŹƮıėğĕıĝşƿŪğřųƪĕşŝƫūƪĕ
Ø P7

‡ f6

šŜřŦ :ĘřŝƫūƫƪşƾğƹůƯƪĕĘLJƆƹƪĕ
C D
CŵƳſƪĕĝƹƯƗƪĕƕƮşƿƫŲĕŵƪĕşŝƫūƪĕ
ƍŝƋƪĕ
A B A,B ŵƳſƪĕĪƹūƪĕƕƮşƿŪğřųƪĕĘřŝƫūƪĕ
DIJƹţſƮƻƫƖƭţƾśƿƦŹţƪĕģƹƫųƪijğƹůƯƪĕƍŝƋƪĕ
ģƹƫųŜơƞĕƹŢ
ŵƃƪřŜơƞĕƹŢ

38ƱƮ9 :şůƟƇƪĕ ƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲDŽĕ:ďŻŪ

 KBĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕƻƫƖģƹƫųƪĕƍŝƊ .3

ĘřƣƫŮƱƖėğřŝƖƽƶƍŝƋƪĕŭŖřƟƆ şƿŪğřųƪĕşŝƫūƪĕƻƫƖģƹƫųƪĕƍŝƊƭţƾ
şƿƫŲĕŵƪĕşŝƫūƪĕƻƫƖģƹƫųƪĕƍŝƊƭţƾ
ƝƿƗƊƥƯžĘřƎşƿƲŵƗƮ | 0.1 śƦŹŢıƍŝƋƪĕŭŖřƟƆşƏžĕƹŜėĝřƖ
ėĠŻůƮşƪƹƮřƆşƏžĕƹŜėĝřƖ
ƭƮ ďřƏƛƪĕıĪƹūƪĕƱƿŜ
ĘřƣƞĕƹţƪĕĭƹŮŭƿƊƹŢ

38ƱƮ10 :şůƟƇƪĕ ƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲDŽĕ:ďŻŪ


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ĩŜēıĞŵƯƛƪĕśƿƦŹŢ .IV Ċÿ¥ÅąÂ÷¥ĂČ·Ć°÷¥

Douille à aiguille ŹĩŜēıĞŵƯƛƪĕśƿƦŹŢşžĕğĝ .1

(řƾğĕŹŮũƪřƗƯƪĕ )ģřųƪĕśƫƇƪĕƱƮşůƿƟƆƱƖėğřŝƖşƿŪğřŲşŝƫŪƱƮįƹƧţŢ :ĘřƲƹƧƯƪĕ1-1
ŹĩĩŜēƩƧƂƻƫƖĚŹŮŵŢŹƆřƳƖijƹţůŢ
:şĩĩƮřƗƪĕĘĕŻĩĩƿƯƯƪĕ1-2
şƾğƹĩĩůƮşƪƹƯŮşƾđƩƯůţŢdžřƯƳƿŜşƮřƶşƾŹƏƢƝƇƲşƪƹƯŮƩƯůţŢ -
.şƋƟųƳƮşƟƫƧŢıơƿƊŻĩĩƿŮřƷƪLJƛţžřŜŻƿƯţŢ -
(ŹĩĩĩŜDŽĕĭƹƏƪĕŹƓƲ )ĕŵƿŪĘřƮŵƇƪĕĮıřƣŢ -
.ėŹĩĩĩƿŝƦįĕğıĝĘřƖŹžśžřƳŢ -
ĘĕĝřžƹƪĕřƲřĩĩƿŮĕĤƹĩĩƗŢ -
.ĪƹūƫƪşŝſƳƪřŜĝƹƯƗƫƪƩƿŗƊīdžŻƲřŜŭƯſŢ -
:ƽƏƿƏųţƪĕıƽƲřƿŝƪĕƩƿŧƯţƪĕ .2
ƽƏƿƏųŢƩƿŧƯŢ ƽƲřƿŜƩƿŧƯŢ ijğƹƓƳƮƩƿŧƯŢ

:ŹĩĩŜēıĞŵƯƛƪĕśƿƦŹŢ .3
ƻƫƖŻŪĕƹůƪĕƩƦƩƗūƾĪƹūƪĕƕƮŵƃƪřŜĝřĩĩƯƚǂĕİŷƶśƿƦŹŢ
.ėŵĩĩĩŖřƞįıŵŜśƲĕƹūƪĕ

ŹĩĩŜēıĞŵƯƚśƿƦŹŢĭƹŮĭřŧƮ .4

38ƱƮ11 :şůƟƇƪĕ ƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲDŽĕ:ďŻŪ


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ƭƿůƃţƪĕ .I
şŪğĝƽƞħřƟŢğĕČşƦŹůƪĕşŜƹƗƇƦřƷƪřƛţƂēŵƳƖėŻƷŪǂĕƉƗŜƻƫƖƩƦřƃƯƪĕƉƗŜŹƷƓŢŵƢ:ŵƿƷƯŢ -1
.űƪĕ ...řƷƫƦŏŢıěƹƏſƪĕĬřƧţŮĕČėğĕŹůƪĕ
ƻƫƖĭƹƇůƪĕ ƱƧƯƯƪĕƱƮŽƿƪĮƹƫƗƮƹƶřƯƦı .ěƹƏſƪĕşƪřŮƻƪĕįřƿŮǂĕśƫƚĕƽƞƩƧƃƯƪĕĕŷƶƕŪŹƾ
şƣƪŻƮėĝřƯŜşƲřƗţžDŽĕşūƿţƳƪĕšƲřƧƞ ČƩƧƃƯƪĕĕŷƷƪĭƹƫŮƻƫƖťůŝƪĕřƳƿƫƖřƮĕŻƪįřƧƞČşƯƖřƲěƹƏž
.şƧţůƯƪĕěƹƏſƪĕƱƿŜƕƊƹŢƭůƃƪĕıĕČšƾŻƪřƦ
ƱƯƋƾ .řƷƿƫƖĦřƟůƪĕıėŻƷŪǃƪŵƿŪĭřƛţƂĕįřƯƋƪşƪřƗƟƪĕƩŖřžƹƪĕƱƮƭƿůƃţƪĕŹŝţƗƾ:ƭƿůƃţƪĕşƟƿƒı -2
:şƿƪřţƪĕƝŖřƒƹƪĕƭƿůƃţƪĕ
.ŵſƦŏţƪĕƱƮƕƏƣƪĕşƾřƯŮ .ŽƮLJţƪĕěƹƏžƱƿŜīdžŻƲDŽĕƩƿƷſŢ
.ƕƏƣƪĕŵƾŹŝŢƽƞşƦğřƃƯƪĕ ƩƦřţƪĕƱƮƩƿƫƣţƪĕ
.ĬřƧţŮDŽĕƱƮħĕƹƲđşŦLJŦŻƿƯƲ:ĬřƧţŮDŽĕħĕƹƲđ -3
şŪğĝƽƞƕƾŹžħřƟŢğĕƻƪĕĬřƧţŮDŽĕƱƮħƹƳƪĕĕŷƶijĝőƾČėŹƂřŝƮěƹƏſƪĕŽƮLJŢƹƶı:ĪřŪĬřƧţŮĕ .1
ėŻƷŪĕƩŧƮ .ėŵƿŪşƿƖƹƲĘĕĞĝĕƹƮıėŵƿŪŭƏžşƪřŮħƹƳƪĕĕŷƶśƫƏţƾ .ėĝřƯƫƪƩƦřŢıėğĕŹůƪĕ
.şƣƪŻƳƮĮŵƢġřƿƣƪĕ
ĖřŜşƫƇƟƮƩŧƮ .ĬřƧţŮDŽĕěƹƏžƱƿŜšƾŻƪĕıĕƭůƃƪĕƱƮşƣƿƢğşƣŝƎĝƹŪıƹƶı:ƽƳƶĝĬřƧţŮĕ .2
.şŪĕğĝşƫſƫžČ
şƣŝƎ řƯƷƫƫųţŢřƯƲēıřƿŖřƷƲěƹƏſƪĕƱƿŜŽƮLJŢŵŪƹƾdžşƪřůƪĕİŷƶƽƞı:ƽƧƿƮřƳƾĝığŵƿƶĬřƧţŮĕ .3
.ĘřƳŮřƃƪĕĘřƦŹůƮČĘĕğřƿſƪĕşƖŹžşŝƫƖƩŧƮ .šƾŻƪĕƱƮŹţƮıŹƧƿƮ10ƽƪĕƹŮėŹŝţƗƮ
:ĘƹƾŻƪĕıĮƹůƃƪĕħĕƹƲĕ -4
:ŵūƲĝĕƹƯƪĕİŷƶƱƿŜƱƮ .ĮƹůƃƪĕıĘƹƾŻƪĕƕƮşƿƞřƊēŹƆřƳƗƦƩƯƗţſŢ:şŝƫƆƭƿůƃŢĝĕƹƮ ™
MoS2įĕŵŝƪƹƯƪĕŵƿſƦđƽƲřŦıšƿƞĕŹƛƪĕ
ƻƫƖĮŵƣŢışƿƲŵƗƯƪĕĘƹƾŻƪĕƕƮƍƫųŢ .ƽŢřŝƲıƽƲĕƹƿŮĮƹůƃƪĕİŷƶğŵƇƮ:şƿƳƶĝƭƿůƃŢĝĕƹƮ ™
.ŵſƦŏţƪĕŵƊşƾřƯůƫƪřžřžđƩƯƗţſŢįƹƶĝƩƧƂ
ƽƧƿƮřƳƾĝığŵƿƶıĕƽƳƶĝĬřƧţŮĕƻƫƖĭƹƇůƪřŜĘƹƾŻƪĕİŷƶŭƯſŢ : (ĘƹƾĠ)şƫŖřžƭƿůƃŢĝĕƹƮ ™
:ŵūƲĘƹƾŻƪĕİŷƶƱƿŜƱƮ .
şƫƯƗţſƮSAEĮřƓƳŜėŵŮƹƯƪĕĘƹƾŻƪĕ
ISOĮřƓƳŜėŵŮƹƯƪĕĘƹƾŻƪĕ
.şƿƖřƳƇƪĕĘřƳŮřƃƪĕıĘĕğřƿſƪĕƽƞėŹŧƧŜ
.şƿƖřƳƏƆDŽĕĘƹƾŻƪĕ .şƿŢřŝƳƪĕĘƹƾŻƪĕ

38ƱƮ12 :şůƟƇƪĕ ƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲDŽĕ:ďŻŪ

 .řƷŢĕŻƿƯƮśſŮşƳƿƗƮĘdžřūƮƽƞĘƹƾŻƪĕıĮƹůƃƪĕƩƯƗţſŢ:ĘƹƾŻƪĕĭřƯƗţžĕĭřūƮ -5
:ŵūƲĘĕŻƿƯƯƪĕƱƿŜƱƮ
(ďƽƏŜıĕƕƾŹž)įLJƿſƪĕėğŵƢƽƶ :şŪıŻƫƪĕŹƂőƮ
.ƽƂĕƹůƪĕƻƫƖĮƹůƃƪĕīřƇţƪĕƽƶ :şƿƳƶŵƪĕŹƂőƮ
řƶŹƿƿƛŢŹƮǂĕśƫƏţƾŷŖŵƳƖ .ĘƹƾŻƪĕıĮƹůƃƪĕşƿƪřƗƞƅƣƳŢĭřƯƗţžDŽĕƱƮşƿƳƮĠėŵƮŵƗŜ
şƮřţƧƪĕ .II
ŹƷƓŢČƭƿůƃţƪĕĭřƯƗţžœŜČėğĕŹůƪĕĘřŪğĝħřƟŢğĕıĬřƧţŮDŽĕşƫƧƃƮƱƮƩƿƫƣţƪĕıĕďřƋƣƪĕŵƗŜ:ŵƿƷƯŢ -1
ĭŻƖƽƞįƹŧŮřŝƪĕŹƧƞşƫƧƃƯƪĕİŷƶƻƫƖďřƋƣƫƪı .ĚğřųƪĕƻƪĕĘƹƾŻƪĕİŷƶĖŹſŢƽƞşƫŧƯţƯƪĕıIJŹŲđşƫƧƃƮ
.şƮřţƦƻƯſƾĭĠřƖŹƇƳƖĭřƯƗţžœŜƥƪĞıƽŪğřųƪĕƍžƹƪĕƱƖƽƫŲĕŵƪĕƍžƹƪĕ
şƾřƯůƦřžřžĕƩƯƗţſŢƽƷƞ .şƿƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕĘLJƆƹƪĕƽƞşƮřƷƪĕŹƆřƳƗƪĕƱƮşƮřţƧƪĕėŻƷŪĕŹŝţƗŢ:ƝƾŹƗŢ -2
ƻƪĕĖŹſţƪĕƕƳƯŢřƯƦďĕƹƷƪĕČğřŝƛƪĕČďřƯƪřƦėŵſƟƮŹƆřƳƖĭƹŲĝƩŧƮėŻƷŪǃƪƽƫŲĕŵƪĕƍžƹƫƪğřƏŲǂĕƱƮ
.ęƹƫţƪĕƱƮşƾřƯůƫƪƽŪğřųƪĕƍžƹƪĕ
:ƱƾŹƇƳƖƱƿŜėŵŪĕƹţƯƪĕşƿƦŹůƪĕşƫƆƹƪĕşƗƿŝƎśſŮƱƿƟƳƆƻƪĕşƮřţƧƪĕƝƳƇŢ:şƮřţƧƪĕħĕƹƲĕ -3
.şƿƲƹƧžşƮřţƦ x
.şƿƧƾŹůŢşƮřţƦ x
:şƿƲƹƧžşƮřţƦ .1
ĘřƮřţƧƪĕİŷƶƕƳƇŢ .şƿŝſƲşƦŹŮijđřƯƷƳƿŜŽƿƪƱƿţƗƏƢıĕƱƾŹƇƳƖƱƿŜşƿƲƹƧſƪĕşƮřţƧƪĕƩƯƗţſŢ
:řƷƳƮėĝŵƗţƮħĕƹƲĕřƷŜŵŪƹŢřƯƦ .ƥƿţžLJŝƪĕČįĝřƗƯƪĕČĥřƏƯƪĕČīğƹƪĕƱƮ

:şůƏſƯƪĕĘřƮřţƧƪĕ
ğřƿţŲĕƝƢƹţƾ .īğƹƪĕƱƮřŝƪřƚƕƳƇŢ
řƷƳƮşƖƹƳƇƯƪĕėĝřƯƪĕıřƷƧƯžƻƫƖşƮřţƧƪĕ

ĘřƿƟƳŮƽƞƩƯƗţſŢ:şƾŹŖĕŵƪĕĘřƮřţƧƪĕ
...ĘĕğřƿſƪĕĘřƖŹžśƫƖīLJƛƮČĠřƛƪĕČďřƯƪĕ
űƪĕ

şƣƫŮƱƮįƹƧţŢ : BSşƾŹŖĕĝĘřŝƫŪ
.ĥřƏƯƪĕƱƮşƣƫůŜřƿƫŲĕĝėƹƃůƮşƿƲŵƗƮ
.şƾŹŖĕŵƪĕĘřƮřţƧƪĕƕƮĭřƯƗţžDŽĕŽƟƲřƷƪ

38ƱƮ13 :şůƟƇƪĕ ƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲDŽĕ:ďŻŪ

 şƿŝſƲşƦŹŮřƯƷƳƿŜƱƿţƗƏƢıĕƱƾŹƇƳƖƱƿŜşƿƧƾŹůţƪĕĘřƮřţƧƪĕƩƯƗţſŢ :şƿƧƾŹůţƪĕĘřƮřţƧƪĕ .2
.şƿƲĕğıĝıĕşƿƪřƣţƲĕšƲřƦĕďĕƹž
.űƪĕ ...ĘřƖŹſƪĕśƫƖėŵƯƖđƻƫƖČĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕşƾřƯůƪƩƯƗţſŢ .įŵƗƯƪřŜşůƫſƮıįƹƧƫƿſƪĕƱƮƕƳƇŢ
:ĬřƧţŮdžřŜşƿƧƾŹůţƪĕĘřƮřţƧƪĕ -1-2

:ėřƟƃƪĕşŪıĝŻƮşƮřţƦƩƆřƞ :ijŵŝƪşƮřţƦƩƆřƞ
:İřƟƃƪĕėŵƿŮışƮřţƦƩƆřƞ
şƮřţƧƪĕƱƮħƹƳƪĕĕŷƶƱƯƋƾ )ĮƹůƃƪĕşƪřŮƽƞřŝƪřƚƩƯƗţſƾ
.ŵŮĕıİřūŢĕƽƞşƮřţƦƱƯƋƲ
.ƱƿƶřūŢDŽĕƽƞşƾřƯůƪĕ (ĥřƏƯƪĕƱƮħƹƳƇƮ
:ĬřƧţŮĕįıŵŜşƿƧƾŹůţƪĕĘřƮřţƧƪĕ- 2-2
şƾŹƏƢCHICANESįřƧƿƂ şƾğƹůƮCHICANESįřƧƿƂ

įƹƧŢƭƿůƃţƪĕŵƳƖřƮĕ .ƩŲĕŵƪĕƻƪĕşƷŪƹƮėřƟƃƪĕįƹƧŢšƿƾŻţƪĕŵƳƖ İřƟƃƪĕėŵƿŮışƮřţƦƩƆřƞ :şƓŮLJƮ

.ĚıŹųƪĕƱƮƩƯƗţſƯƪĕƭůƃƪĕƱƧƯţƾƻţŮĚğřųƪĕƹůƲşƷŪƹƮėřƟƃƪĕ

38ƱƮ14 :şůƟƇƪĕ ƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲDŽĕ:ďŻŪ

 ĘřŪŹŮŵƯƪĕƭƿůƃŢ .3
ƭůƃƮşƏžĕƹŜƭƿůƃŢ śƿƦŹţƪĕďřƳŦđƭƿůƃŢ ơƞŵţƪřŜšƿƾŻŢ şƯůƃƮşŪŹŮŵƮ

38ƱƮ15 :şůƟƇƪĕ ƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲDŽĕ:ďŻŪ


q¼g°
uqn¬A
±A¼³
´B[¬A
¯øB—¯¬A
©B_¯¬A
ĊôČÿ¦ôČû˜¦ÐÿŸ ş
ƖřƏţžDŽĕƩƣƲĭƹŮĘřƿƮƹƯƖ .I ¬ã¦Ü°Ëē¥öðÿ

ĎĬŹůƯƪřŜşųƋƯƪĕƍŜğƭţƾƝƿƦ .ŹŗŝƪĕƱƮďřƯƪĕśƫŪŵƾŹƲıďřƮşųƋƮıĬŹůƮřƳƾŵƪ : şƿƪřƧƂdžĕ .1

.(şƖřƏţždžĕ )şƦŹůƪĕƩƣƲĠřƷŪşƏžĕƹŜĬŹůƯƪřŜşųƋƯƪĕƍŜğƭţƾ
şƟƇŜĮŵųţſŢƽţƪĕıƻţƂĤĕŹƚǂşƫƯƗţſƯƪĕşƖřƏţždžĕŹƿƞƹţƪƽžřžǂĕğŵƇƯƪĕşƢřƏƪĕŹŝţƗŢ :ĘřƿƮƹƯƖ .2
.........şƿŖřŜŹƷƧƪĕČşƿƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕşƢřƏƪĕƩŧƮIJŹŲđĘřƢřƎƻƪēřƷƫƾƹůŢŵƗŜıđėŹƂřŝƮ

.ƩƣƲĮřƓƲşƏžĕƹŜƩŝƣţſƮĠřƷŪƻƪēĬŹůƮĠřƷŪƱƮşƿƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕşƖřƏţždžĕƩƣƲƭţƾ :şƿƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕşƢřƏƪĕƩƣƲ .3

ƩŝƣţſƮĠřƷŪ şƦŹůƪĕƩƣƲĮřƓƲ ĬŹůƮĠřƷŪ

ĝƹƢƹƪřŜĘřƦŹůƮ ¾
şƢřƏƪĕĮŵųţſŢėŻƷŪđƽƶı
şƳƿƗƮşƟƿƒışƾĝŏţƪşƿƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕ şƿŖřŜŹƷƦĘřƦŹůƮ ¾

şƿƧƿƪığŵƿƶ - :ĘřƟƳƖ ¾
şƾĠřƚ -şƾğřųŜ -
:ijƹƿƳŝƪĕıƽƟƿƒƹƪĕƩƿƫůţƪĕĘĕıĝđ .4
: A-0şŝƫƗƪĕ -ĠřƷūƫƪşƿƪřƯŪDŽĕşƟƿƒƹƪĕ -1.3

şĩĩƢřƏƪĕ ƩĩĩƧƃƪĕ ƍĩĩŝƋƪĕ ĭLJĩĩƛţžDŽĕ

W C R E

şƿŖřƷƳƪĕşƖřƏţždžĕ ƩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩƣĩĩĩƲ şƿƪıǂĕşƖřƏţždžĕ

ĚıŹŲ ĭƹŲĝ ıđ(F1,V1)
(F2,V2)ıđ
[şƦŹĩĩůƪĕ –şƖřƏĩĩţždžĕ] (C1,Z1)
(C2,Z2)
A-0

–şƖřƏţždžĕ]ƩƣƲĮřƓĩĩƲ
:ƝŖřƒƹƫƪƽƗƿƯūţƪĕƍƏųƯƪĕ -2.3

ƩŝƣţſƮĠřƷŪ ĬŹůƮĠřƷŪ
FP

řƷƫƾƹůŢįıŵŜşƖřƏţždžĕƩƣƲ ƩĩĩĩƣƲĮřƓƲ
FP şƦŹůƪĕ
řƷƫƾƹůŢƕƮşƖřƏţždžĕƩƣƲ
ƍƿůƯƪĕƕƮƝƿƧţƪĕ FC FC
ƽŪğřųƪĕƍƿůƯƪĕ

38ƱƮ 16 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ

 şŗĩĩĩƿſūƪĕ : şƦŹůƪĕƩƣƲşƯƓƲđ .5
įğĕƹĩĩĩĩƣƪĕ
şĩĩƲŹĩĩĩƯƪĕ
ĭřƆıǂĕ ėŵĩĩĩĩţƯƮėŵƯƖđƱƿŜ

ŭĩĩĩŜřƧƯƪĕ
ğƹĩĩƿſƪĕıĘĕŹĩƧŝƪĕ īřĩƇţƪDŽřŜ
ďřſĩĩƫƯƪĕ
ŹĩĩƿƿĩƛŢįıŵĩĩŜ
ĘĕŹƧŝƪĕ
ğƹĩĩƿſƪĕıĘĕŹĩƧŝƪĕ ŻĩŪĕƹůƪřŜ şĩƦŹůƪĕşƗĩƿŝƎƽƞ
ğƹƿſƪĕı
şƳƳĩĩſƯƪĕ
ėŵĩƖřŝĩţƮ

şƖřƏţždžĕƩƣƲşƯƓƲđ
īřƇţƪDŽřŜ ėŵţĩƯƮŹƿĩƚėŵƯƖđƱĩƿŜ
ĬřƧţŮdžĕĘLJūƖ
şĩŜğřƣĩţƮ
şƿƲĕƹƏžǂĕ
įřƳžǂĕĘĕĞ
şƾĠĕƹţƮėŵƯƖđ
şƯŖřƣƪĕ
ŻŪĕƹůƪřŜ
ĘřƳƳĩĩſţƯƪĕ şƪƹƮřƆ -ƽĩƚŹĩĩŜĮřƓƲ
şƿƎıŹųƯƪĕ ŹĩĩĩĩƿƿƛŢƕĩĩƮ
ėğıŵĩĩĩƮ –ŵĩĩĩƖřžĮřƓƲ şƦŹůƪĕşƗƿŝƎƽĩƞ
įřƳžǂĕĘĕĞ
şƯŖřƣƪĕ ėŵĩƮřƗţƮėŵƯƖđ
şƧƿĩĩĩŝƂ -ġŹĩĩĩŢĮřƓƲ

ĘřĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩƮřƧĩĩĩƪĕĮřƓƲ

.şƿƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕşƖřƏţždžĕŹĩĩĩƆřƳƖĖřſĩĩĩŮ
.ƩĩĩĩƣƳƪĕşŪıĝŻƮ - 1.5
uu
r .Ft şƿžřƯƮėƹƢƩƗƟŜ (şŪıĝŻƮ)ĮŻƖƵƿƫƖơŝƏƲƭſŪŹƾıŵţƪ
Ft
:ƽƪřţƪřƦƩƣƳƪĕşŪıĝŻƮėğřŝƖśţƧŢ

D
C Ft u
2
(m.N)ƱŢƹƿƲ .ŹţƯƪřŜƩƣƳƪĕşŪıĝŻƮ : C
(N)ƱŢƹƿƳƪřŜşƿžřƯƮėƹƢ :Ft
(m)ŹţƯƪřŜĝƹƯƗƪĕŹƏƞ :D

.ƩƯĩĩĩƗƪĕ – 2.5
.şƯƿƣţſƯƪĕĘřƦŹůƪĕşƪřŮƽƞ FėƹƢƩƗƟŜ (L) şƿƏŲşƞřſƮƻƫƖƭſŪƩƣƳŜƩƯƗƪĕĪŹƗƾ
.şƾŹĩĩŖĕŵƪĕĘřƦŹůƪĕşƪřŮƽƞ(ɋ)şŪıĝŻƮƩƗƟŜ(ș)şƾıĕŻŜƭſŪŹƾıŵţŜƩƯƗƪĕĪŹƗƾıđ

38ƱƮ 17 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ

 :şƾŹŖĕŵƪĕşƦŹůƪĕƽƞ-2 :şƯƿƣţſƯƪĕşƦŹůƪĕƽƞ -1
W C uT W F uL
(J)ĭƹūƪřŜƩƯƗƪĕ :W (J)ĭƹūƪřŜƩƯƗƪĕ :W
(m. N)ƱŢƹƿƳƪŹţƯƪřŜįĕğıŵƪĕşŪıĝŻƮ :C (N)ƱŢƹƿƳƪřŜƥƾŹůţƪĕėƹƢ :F
(rd)įřƾĝŹƪřŜşƾıĕŻƪĕşƞřſƯƪĕ :ș (m)ŹţƯƪřŜşƿƏųƪĕşƞřſƯƪĕ : L
.şƖřƏĩĩţždžĕ – 3.5
W
P .şƳƿƗƮşƿƳƮĠėŵƮĭLJŲĭıŷŝƯƪĕƩƯƗƪřŜşƖřƏţždžĕĪŹĩĩĩĩƗŢ
t
şƯƓţƳƯƪĕşƾŹŖĕŵƪĕşƦŹůƪĕƽƞ -2 .şƯƓţƳƯƪĕşƯƿƣţſƯƪĕşƦŹůƪĕƽƞ - 1
ș=Ȧ.t L=V.t
P= W / t P=W/t
P=C.ș/t =C.Ȧ.t/t P=FxL/t=F.V.t/t
P C uZ P F uV
(m/s)şƿƏųƪĕşƖŹſƪĕ V (w)ĥĕƹƪĕĖşƖřƏţždžĕ P
(rd/s)şƾıĕŻƪĕşƖŹž Ȧ (J)ĭƹūƪřŜƩƯƗƪĕ . W
(m)ŹţƯƪřŜşƿƏųƪĕşƞřſƯƪĕ L (s)ƱƮŻƪĕ. t
(rd)įřƾĝŹƪřŜşƾıĕŻƪĕşƞřſƯƪĕ ș (N)ƱŢƹƿƳƪřŜƥƾŹůţƪĕėƹƢ F

.ƩĩĩƣƳƪĕĝıĝŹĩƮ – 4.5
.ĭřŧƯƪĕƩƿŝžƻƫƖĬřƧţŮdžřƦşƿƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕƩƮĕƹƗƪĕśŝſŜřƷƳƮşŝſƲħřƿƊƕƣƾşƖřƏţždžĕƩƣƲďřƳŦđ
K
Pa (Pm)ėŹƞƹţƯƪĕşƖřƏţždžĕƻƫƖ (Pa)şƧƫƷţſƯƪĕşƖřƏţždžĕşŝſƳŜĝıĝŹƯƪĕĪŹƗƾ
Pm

ĘřŝſţƧƯƪĕƭĩĩĩĩĩĩĩƿƿƣŢ .6
ĎşƿƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕşƢřƏƪĕĚřţƲDŽĴĕğŵƇƮŹŝţƗŢƽţƪĕşƿƗƿŝƏƪĕĘřƢřƏƪĕƽƶřƮ .1
ĎşƿƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕşƢřƏƪĕřƷŪřţƲēğŵƇƮįƹƧƾƽţƪĕşƢřƏƪĕƽƶřƮ .2
.şƢřƏƪĕƩƣƲŹƆřƳƖƵƿƞĝŵůŢũţƳƯƪĭřŧƮƍƖđČđŵŝƯƪĕĕŷƶĭLJŲƱƮı - ĎşƿƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕşƢřƏƪĕƩƣƲđŵŝƮĪŹƖ .3
.şƦŹůƪĕřƷƿƞƩƣƳŢĘřūţƳƯƪşƖƹƳţƮşƫŧƮđşŦLJŦŹƦĞđ .4
.şƖŹſƪĕŹƿƿƛŢįıŵŜ ƒ
.şƖŹſƪĕŹƿƿƛţŜ ƒ
.şƦŹůƪĕƩƾƹůţŜ ƒ
şƖřƏţžĕƍƫųƯƪĕĬŹůƮŹƞƹƾČűŝƏƯƪĕƍƫųƮƩƯƗţſƲČşƿƪŻƳƮĘřƾƹƫŮŹƿƋůţƪ .5
:śſŮđČ750tr/mnĩŜğŵƣŢşƯƓţƳƮşƖŹſŜČĥĕƹƫƦ0.5řƶğŵƢ
ėğıĝ2000ŵƳƖƱƿūƗƪĕƍƫųƪşƦŹůƯƪĕşŪıĝŻƯƪĕ ƒ
ĭıŷŝƯƪĕƩƯƗƪĕ ƒ
.ƥƪĕŷƪşƮĠLJƪĕşƿƳƮŻƪĕėŵƯƪĕũţƳţžĕ ƒ

38ƱƮ 18 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ

 ĘřŝſţƧƯƪĕƭĩĩĩĩĩĩĩƿƿƣŢşƫŗžđƻƫƖşŜƹŪǂĕ

ĝƹƢƹƪĕĩĩ3ďřƯƪĕĩĩ2ďĕƹƷƪĕĩĩ1 :ƽƶşƿƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕşƢřƏƪĕĚřţƲDŽĕğŵƇƮŹŝţƗŢƽţƪĕşƿƗƿŝƏƪĕĘřƢřƏƪĕ .1
şƿŖřŜŹƷƧƪĕşƢřƏƪĕ :ƽƶşƿƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕşƢřƏƪĕřƷŪřţƲēğŵƇƮįƹƧƾƽţƪĕĘřƢřƏƪĕ .2
şƿƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕşƢřƏƪĕƩƣƲđŵŝƮ .3
θT£
gsˣ gsˣ
¹°À·?¾@ ¿
¹H°Lk» ¶g‡

¹°À·?¾@ ¿ N@£gk·?ÎH¸£ ¶g‡

θT£
şƦŹůƪĕřƷƿƞƩƣƳŢĘřūţƳƯƪşƖƹƳţƮşƫŧƮđşŦLJŦ .4
şƿŖřŜŹƷƧƪĕƱŝƪĕşƲƹŮřƎĩĩ3ğřųŝƪĕśůžşŮıŹƮĩĩ2ďřƯƪĕşųƋƮĩĩ 1 :şƖŹſƪĕŹƿƿƛŢįıŵŜ ¾
ėğřƿžĩĩ3śƿƣŧţƪĕşƪĐĩĩ2şƾğřƲşŪĕğĝĩĩ1 :şƖŹſƪĕŹƿƿƛţŜ ¾
şƮŻƫƮĩĩ3ƽŖřŜŹƷƦğřƃƳƮĩĩ2şƎřƿųƪĕşƪĐĩĩ1 :şƦŹůƪĕƩƾƹůţŜ ¾

ĖřſŮ .5
:şƦŹůƯƪĕşŪıĝŻƯƪĕ -
ࡼ ࡼ ૙.૞×૚૙૜ ×૟૙
‫=۾‬۱×૑ Ÿ ۱= Ÿ۱= = = ૟. ૜૟ ࡺ. ࢓ Ÿ ࡯ = ૟, ૜૟ ࡺ. ࢓
࣓ ૛࣊࢔ ૛×࣊×ૠ૞૙
:ĭıŷŝƯƪĕƩƯƗƪĕ -
ࢃ = ࡯ × ࣂ Ÿ ࢃ = ૟, ૜૟ × ૛૙૙૙ × ૛࣊ Ÿ ࢃ = ૠૢૡૡ૚, ૟ ‫ܒ‬
:şƿƳƮŻƪĕėŵƯƪĕ -
ࢃ ࢃ ૠૢૡૡ૚,૟
ࡼ= Ÿ ࢚= = Ÿ ࢚ = ૚૟૙ ࢙ࢋࢉ
࢚ ࡼ ૙,૞×૚૙૜

:şƿžřƯƯƪĕėƹƣƪĕĖřſŮ .6
ࡰ ૛×࡯ ૛×(࡯࢓െ࡯࢘ࢋ࢙)
࡯ = ࡲ࢚ × Ÿ ࡲ࢚ = =
૛ ࡰ ࡰ
ࡼࢇ ૛૞૙૙×૙,ૢ૞×૟૙
ࡼࢇ = ࡯࢓ × ࣓࢘ࢋࢋ࢒ Ÿ ࡯࢓ = Ÿ ࡯࢓ = = ૜૙૛, ૞૟ ࡺ. ࢓
࣓࢘ࢋࢋ࢒ ૙,૚×ૠ૞૙×૛×࣊

şƮıřƣƯƪĕşŪıĝŻƯƪĕ : Cres şƦŹŮƭƪĕşŪıĝŻƯƪĕ : Cm

ĘřƖŹſƪĕƉƿƟųŢşŝſƲ : r ĠřƷūƪĕĝıĝŹƮ : μ
şƦŹůƯƪĕşƖřƏţždžĕ : Pm şƇţƮƭƪĕşƖřƏţždžĕ : Pa

38ƱƮ 19 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ


q¼g°
uqn¬A
±A¼³
´B[¬A
¯øB—¯¬A
©B_¯¬A
ĊôČÿ¦ôČû˜¦ÐÿŸ
ğƹƿžıĘĕŹƧŜ .II ¬ã¦Ü°Ëē¥öðÿ
:şƿƪřţƪĕĘdžĒřſţƪĕƱƖśŪđıŹƧƞƱƗƯţŜ(c :ƩƧƂ)ėğƹƇƪĕƑŮdž
..ĘĕğřƿſƪĕƻƫƖśĩĩĩĩĩƦŹƾĬŹůƮ..ĎėğƹĩĩĩĩĩƇƪĕƩĩĩĩĩĩŧƯŢĕĞřƮ- 1
..ėğřƿſƪĕƕƞŵƪşƮĠLJƪĕşƿƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕşƢřƏƪĕĚřţƲē..ĎşƿƪřƯŪDŽĕƵţƟƿƒıƽƶřƮ- 2
şƿŖřŜŹƷƧƪĕşƢřƏƪĕ ƭƗƲĎƽƶřƮı ŹŲĐħƹƲƱƮĘřƢřƎũţƳƾƩƶ- 3
..ĖıřƳƯƪĕ ..ĎşƢřƏƪĕİŷƶŵƪƹƾijŷƪĕĠřƷūƪĕƹƶřƮėğƹƇƪĕĭLJŲƱƮ- 4
c8¹´n A-0 şŝƫƗƪĕŻūƲđĎĕŷƶşƢřƏƪĕŵƿƪƹŢĠřƷūƪşƿƪřƯŪDŽĕşƟƿƒƹƪĕƽƶřƮ- 5
ŵƿĩĩĩƗŜĎŵƿƗŜıđśƾŹƢşƿƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕşƢřƏƪĕƕŝƳƯƪşŝſƳƪřŜşƢřƏƪĕŵƿƪƹŢĠřƷŪşƿƗƊı- 6
ğƹƿĩĩĩſƪĕıĘĕŹĩĩĩĩĩƧŝƪĕ .ĎşƢřƏƪĕŵƿƪƹŢĠřƷŪƻƪē (şƖřƏţždžĕ)şƢřƏƪĕƩƣƲƭţƾƝƿƦ- 7
ƩžLJſƪĕışƳƳſƯƪĕĘĕŹƧŝƪĕƭƗƲĎƽƶřƮışƟƿƒƹƪĕŽƟƲijĝőŢIJŹŲđƩƣƲşƯƓƲđŵŪƹƾƩƶ- 8
ğƹƿſƪĕıĘĕŹƧŝƪĕĭřƯƗţžřŜşƖřƏţždžĕƩƣƲđŵŝƮ- 1
şƦŹůƮėŹƧŜ
şƖřƏţždžĕŹĩĩĩĩƆřƳƖ
Nm , ėŹƞƹţƯƪĕ
ėŹĩĩĩĩĩƧŜ

ĝƹƯƖ
ĬŹůƮ şƾĠĕƹĩĩţƮėŵĩĩƖřŝţƮėŵĩĩĩƯƖđ

ĩ
ğ

şƖřƏţždžĕŹĩĩĩĩƆřƳƖ
Nr , Cr
şƇţƯƯƪĕ
ėŹĩĩĩĩĩƧŜ

ĝƹƯƖ
ƩŝƣţſƮ
d :ƩƧƂ
şƫŝƣţſƮėŹƧŜ
.ŻŪĕƹůƪřŜıđīřƇţƪdžřŜėŵƖřŝţƮėŵƯƖđƱƿŜşƿƲĕğıŵƪĕşƦŹůƪĕƩƣƳŜĘĕŹƧŝƪĕığƹƿſƪĕŭƯſŢ:şƟƿĩĩĩƒƹƪĕ- 2
.[ N ]įĕğıŵƪĕşƖŹžı [C ]şƪƹƣƳƯƪĕşŪıĝŻƯƪĕƽƞŹƿƿƛŢƕƮ

ĝƹƯƖ FP ĝƹƯƖ
ƩŝƣţſƮ ĬŹůƮ
ĝƹƯƖƱƿŜşƿƲĕğıŵƪĕşƦŹůƪĕƩƣƳŜ :FP
ıĘĕŹƧŜ
FC .ƩŝƣţſƮĝƹƯƖıĬŹůƮ
ğƹƿž
ƍžƹƪĕ
.ƽƏƿůƯƪĕƍžƹƪĕƕƮƭƫƢŏţƪĕ : FC
ƽƏƿůƯƪĕ

38ƱƮ 20 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ

 :ğƹƿſƪĕıĘĕŹƧŝƫƪşƿŪƹƪƹƳƧţƪĕşžĕğŵƪĕ- 3
ĪřƟţƪDŽĕşƾıĕĠ
:ĘřƲƹĩĩĩĩƧƯƪĕ -1.3
ƩƧƂơĩƞĕƹŢįřƳžđıđ (ơƳƖ)ğřţĩŮƻƫƖijƹţůŢ: ėŹƧŝƪĕ
.ĝƹƯƗƪĕƻƫƖřƷŝƿƦŹţƪĪƹŪıČƵƫƯůŢijŷƪĕŹĩĩƿſƪĕ
ƵƫƧƂğřţĩĩĩĩųƾėŹƧŝƪĕĭƹŮƝţƫƾƱƿƪĥřŜğƱƖėğřŝƖ :Źƿſƪĕ
ŵĩƃƪĕėŹĩĩƦđ
.ėŵƯƖǂĕşƿƗƊıışƪƹƣƳƯƪĕşŪıĝŻƯƪĕśſŮ
e :ƩƧƂ
ďřſƫƮŹƏƣƪĕėŹƿƛƆşƫūƖƱƖėğřŝƖ :[ĝĕŵƯƪĕ ]ŵƃƪĕėŹƦđ
.ĪřƟţƪdžĕşƾıĕĠėĝřƾĠıŹƿſƪĕŵƂřƷţƟƿƒı

:ƱƳſţƯƪĕŹƿſƪĕıėŹƧŝƪĕ - 2.1.3 :ƩƧƃƪĕĪŹůƳƮƵŝƂŹƿſƪĕıėŹƧŝƪĕ -1.1.3

k·?

N?g´H·?

g :ƩƧƂ f :ƩƧƂ

:ĘĕŻĩĩĩƿƯƮıƅĩĩĩŖřƇŲ ¾
řƮřƖƹƲşƿƪřƖşƖřƏţžĕƩƣƲ ƒ şƿĩĩƪřƖŵĩĩŪşƖřƏţžĕƩƣƲ ƒ
(şƳƮĕŻţƮşƦŹŮ )şţĩĩŜřŦƩĩĩƣƳƪĕşŝſƲ ƒ (şƳƮĕŻţƮŹƿƚşƦŹŮ)şţĩĩĩŜřŦŹĩĩĩƿƚƩĩĩĩƣƳƪĕşŝſƲ ƒ
ĘĕŹƧŝƪĕƻƫƖğƹƿſƪĕĝŵƗŢĮŵƖ ƒ īřƳĩĩƖǂĕĝŵƗţŜĘĕŹƧŝƪĕƻƫƖğƹƿſƪĕĝŵƗŢ ƒ
ĘřƦŹůƪĕƍŝƊƽƞƩƯƗţſŢ ƒ ĘřƦŹůƪĕƍŝƊƽƞřƷƪřƯƗţžĕĮŵƖ ƒ
īdžŻƲĕįıŵĩĩŜĝƹƷūƪĕƩƣƲ ƒ īdžŻƲdžĕşƿƲřƧƮēƕƮĝƹƷūƪĕƩƣƲ ƒ
ƕƟŢŹƮşƟƫƧƪĕƱƯŦ ƒ ƉƟųƳƮşƟƫƧƪĕƱƯŦ ƒ

ŭƏſƯƪĕŹƿſƪĕıėŹƧŝƪĕ – 4.1.3 ŹƾŵţſƯƪĕŹƿſƪĕıėŹƧŝƪĕ – 3.1.3

h8¹´n

i8¹´n

ƽƏƿƏųţƪĕƭžŹƪĕ- 4
j8¹´n

38ƱƮ 21 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ

 ėŵƯƖǃƪşƟƫţųƯƪĕĘřƿƗƊƹƪĕ- 5

ŽƦřƗţƮİřūŢĕřƷƪşƾĠĕƹţƮėŵƯƖđ - 2 İřūŢĕŽƟƲřƷƪşƾĠĕƹţƮėŵƯƖđ -1
şƿƢLJţƮŹƿƚėŵƮřƗţƮėŵƯƖđ- 3
şƦŹůƫƪ şƦŹůƪĕ

şƿƢLJţƮıėŵƮřƗţƮėŵƯƖđ - 5 şƿƢLJţƮŹƿƚşƿƟƿƦėŵƯƖđ - 4
:şƿƦŹůƪĕşžĕğŵƪĕ- 6
[ r ]ƩƣƳƪĕşŝſƲ
.ėĝřƣƳƯƪĕıėŵŖřƣƪĕĘĕŹƧŝƪĕıŹƿſƪĕƱƿŜīdžŻƲdžĕřƳƫƯƶđĕĞē ƒ
şţŜřŦŹƿſƫƪşƿƏųƪĕşƖŹſƪĕv ƒ
k8¹´n .şƿƏųƪĕşƖŹſƪĕŽƟƲřƯƷƪŹƿſƪĕıĘĕŹƧŝƪĕ ƒ

Z1.R1 = Z2.R2 Õ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = V2

V1 ሬሬሬሬሬԦ = V
ሬԦ

d1 S u N 1 d2 S u N 2 d N2 w2
R1w 1 R 2w 2 : Ÿ u u Ÿ 1 r1 :ƵƳƮı ƒ
2 30 2 30 d2 N1 w1 2

ėŹƧŝƪĕşƖŹžşŝſƲıđşƦŹůƯƪĕėŹƧŝƪĕşƖŹžƻƫƖşƫŝƣţſƯƪĕėŹƧŝƪĕşƖŹžşŝſƲƽƶ: rƩĩĩƣƳƪĕşĩĩŝſƲ- 7
.ėŵŖřƣƪĕėŹƧŝƪĕşƖŹžƻƫƖėĝřƣƳƯƪĕ
şƦŹůƯƪĕėŹƧŝƪĕŹƏƢ : d1 d1 N2
r1 2 : śţƧƲ
şƫŝƣţſƯƪĕėŹƧŝƪĕŹƏƢ : d2 d2 N1

:şƓĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩŮLJƮ
.şƖŹſƪĕğĩĩƽƿƛŢįıŵŜƩĩĩƣƳƪĕŹĩĩŝţƗƾ Õ 1 = r1-2 įřƦĕĞē ƒ
.şƖŹſƪĕƝĩƖřƋƮƩĩĩƣƳƪĕŹĩĩŝţƗƾ Õ 1 < r1-2 įřƦĕĞē ƒ
.şƖŹſƫƪƉĩĩĩƟųƮƩĩĩƣƳƪĕŹĩĩŝţƗƾ Õ 1 > r1-2 įřƦĕĞē
śūƾřƷƲđdžēşƦŹůƪĕƩƣƲƽƞdžřƯƗţžĕŹŧƦǂĕşƯƓƲǂĕŵŮđřƷƳƮƩƗūŢĘLJƶőƮƱƮƵƧƫƯŢřƯƪĕŹƓƲ :ƩƣƳƪĕĘĕŻƿƯƮ- 8
.ƱſŮđŹƿžřƷƪƱƯƋŢĥıŹƃƪƕƋųŢįđ
38ƱƮ 22 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ
 :Ęřƿŝƫſƪĕı ĘřĩĩƿŜřūƾdžĕ- 9
Ęřƿŝƫſƪĕ ĘřĩĩƿŜřūƾdžĕ
.ėŹƯţſƮşƲřƿƆśƫƏţŢ .şƲřƿƇƪĕıśƿƦŹţƪĕƽƞşƪƹƷž
.şƲƹƿƫƪƕƾŹžįĕŵƣƞ .şƾĝřƇţƢĕƩƣƲşƯƓƲđ
.ğƹƿſƫƪƕƾŹžƩƦōŢ .ĘřƮŵƇƪĕıĘĕĠĕŻţƶdžĕģřƇţƮĕ
.ĘĕŹƧŝƪĕƻƫƖğƹƿſƪĕīdžŻƲĕśŝſŜĝıĝŹƯƪĕƽƞĤřƟųƲĕ .šƮřƆƩƣƲ
.ĘĕŹƧŝƪĕƱƿŜijğƹůƯƪĕŵƖřŝţƪĕƍŝƊ .şƗƟŢŹƮşƖřƏţžĕƩƟƲ
.şƿƪřƖĘřƖŹžƩƣƲ
ĪřƟţƪdžĕşƾıĕĠėĝřƾŻĩŜŭƯſŢėƹŲŹƪĕŹƿſƪĕşƷŪƽƞėŹƿƛƇƪĕėŹƧŝƪĕƱƮĖŹƣƪřŜėŹƿƛƆėŹƦđĝƹŪı : şƓĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩŮLJƮ
.ĭƹŝƣƮĝıĝŹƮƕƮėŹƿŝƦĮıŻƖƩƣƲƽƪřţƪřŜıīdžŻƲdžĕƉƿƟųŢČ(ėŹƧŜ -ŹƿžŽƮLJţƪĕġƹƢ)

:şƿƯƾƹƣŢşŝƢĕŹƮ - 10
N1 :1ƽƣĩĩƿŝƏŢĭřŧĩĩĩƮ
4
N1 150 tr/min
1 4N
D1 240 mm
D2 160 mm
3 D3 200 mm
D4 100 mm
2 l8¹´n

r ĎşƿƪřƯŪDŽĕƩƣƳƪĕşŝſƲśſŮđ -°1
d1 d3
r r1.r2 .
d 2 d3
r 3
N4 ĎĚıŹųƪĕşƖŹžśſŮđ -°2
N4
r Ÿ N4 r.N1
N1
N 4 150 u 3 450 tr
mn
N2ĎƽƏžƹƪĕĝƹƯƗƪĕįĕğıĝşƖŹžśſŮđ -°3
d1 d1 N2
N2 N3 Ÿ N3 N1. įđřƯƫƖ r1
d2 d2 N1
N3 225 tr
mn
ĎīdžŻƲĕįıŵŜƭţŢşƦŹůƪĕšƲřƦĕĞēĭıǂĕơŜřƏƪĕƽƞĝƹŪƹƯƪĕŹƿſƫƪşƿƏųƪĕşƖŹſƪĕśſŮđ °4
S .d1.N1
V 1.884 m
60 s

38ƱƮ 23 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ

 :2ƽƣĩĩƿŝƏŢĭřŧĩĩĩƮ
8
d6
6

d8
1
4
7
2
3
d3 d2

2V

3
V
6
d

O O1
1V
5

O2 6
8 9

ĚŹŮŵţƯƪĕĥřſĩĩĩŝƪĕƻƪēĬŹĩĩůƯƪĕƱƮƩĩĩžLJžıĘĕŹĩĩĩƧŜČğƹĩĩĩƿžşƏžĕƹŜşƦŹůƪĕƩƣƲƭţƾ
.ƕĩĩĩŖřƋŝƪĕƩĩĩĩƣƳƪƱƿĩĩƫŝƎƻƫƖ
:ĘřƿĩĩƏƗƯƪĕ
Pm = 22 Kw Nm = 700 tr /mn
d3 = 124 mm d = 400mm d6 = 70mm d8 = 200 mm
d2 şƦŹůƯƪĕėŹƧŝƪĕŹĩƏƢśſŮĕ .1
v1 ŹĩƿſƪĕşƖŹžśſŮĕ .2
N3įĕğıŵƪĕŹƿſƪĕşƖŹžśſŮĕ .3
V2 şƫſƫſƪĕşƖŹžśſŮĕ .4
r1 .ğƹĩĩƿſƪĕşƫƯūƪƩƾƹůţƪĕşŝſƲũţƳţžĕ .5
r2 .ƩžLJſƪĕşƫƯūƪƩƾƹůţƪĕşŝſƲũţƳţžĕ .6
r1 - r2 ƩƾƹůţƪĕħƹƲƹĩĩƶřƮ .7
N8şƳƳſƯƪĕşƫūƗƪĕįĕğıĝşƖŹžśſŮĕ .8
ĥřſŝƪĕşƖŹžśſŮĕ .9

38ƱƮ 24 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ

 : şŜřŪDŽĕ
d2 şƦŹůƯƪĕėŹƧŝƪĕŹĩƏƢĖřſŮ .1
ur
ur d S .N T .d 2 .S .N 2 S .N 2
P T . 2. 2
ı. P C.Z2 , Z2
2 30 60 60
60.P 60.22000
d2 ur Ÿ d2 Ÿ d2 80mm
S . T .N 2 S .7500.700

: V1ŹƿſƪĕşƖŹžĖřſŮ .2

2S .N d S .N .d 3.14.80.700
V1 2.93 m
s
V Z.r . Ÿ V1 2.93 m
s
60 2 60 60
: N3įĕğıŵƪĕşƖŹžĖřſŮ .3
S .d3 .N 3 60.V1 451.28 m
V1 Ÿ N3 Ÿ N3 s
60 S .d3
: V2şƫſƫſƪĕşƖŹžĖřſŮ .4
S .d 6 .N 6 1.65 m
V1 ϡ ω 16 13 V1 s
60
: r1ƩƟƳƪĕşŝſƲĖřſŮ .5

Ÿ r1 0.64 r1 d 2 N3
d3 N2
: r2ƩƟƳƪĕşŝſƲĖřſŮ .6
d6
r2 0.35
d8
şƖŹſƪĕƽƞƉƿƟųŢ  r1 p 1ƻƪıǂĕşŝſƳƫƪşŝſƳƪřŜ .7
şƖŹſƪĕƽƞƉƿƟųŢ  r2 p 1şƿƲřŧƪĕşŝſƳƫƪşŝſƳƪřŜ
: N8įĕğıŵƪĕşƖŹžĖřſŮ .8
N8
r2 Ÿ N8 r2 .N 6 œ N 8 157.95 tr mn
N6
:şƿƫƧƪĕƩƣƳƪĕşŝſƲĖřſŮ

r r1.r2 œ r 0.22
: VĥřſŝƪĕşƖŹžĖřſŮ .9
S .d9 .N 9
V œV 3.30 m
60 s

38ƱƮ 25 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ


q¼g°
uqn¬A
±A¼³
´B[¬A
¯øB—¯¬A
©B_¯¬A
ĊôČÿ¦ôČû˜¦ÐÿŸ
şƯŖřƢįřƳžđĘĕĞşƿƲĕƹƏžđĘřƳƳſţƮ .III ¬ã¦Ü°Ëē¥öðÿ

ĬŹůţƮĥřſŜ şƦŹůƪĕƩƣƲĠřƷŪ ƩƣƲŵƾŹƲ:şƫƧƃƯƪĕ –şƿƗƊƹƪĕ .1

ĬŹůƮ ĬŹůţƯƪĕĥřſŝƪĕƻƪēĬŹůƯƪĕƱƮşƖřƏţždžĕ
şƿƗƊıťƿŮČşƦŹůƪĕƩƣƲĠřƷŪşƏžĕƹŜ
řƯƞČşŜğřƣţƮışƾĠĕƹţƮŹƿŲǂĕĕŷƶƽƞėŵƯƖǂĕ
ĎƵŮŹţƣŢijŷƪĕƩůƪĕƹƶ
ĘřƳƳſţƯƪĕƩƯƗţſƲşƪřůƪĕİŷƶƽƞ :Ʃůƪĕ
şƿƲĕƹƏžǂĕ

.ėŵĩĩĩĩŖřƢşƫūƖ
N m , Cm

ġŹĩĩĩĩĩĩĩŢ
ĬŹůƮĝƹƯƖ ĝƹƯƖ
ġŹĩĩĩĩĩĩŢ ĬŹůƮ

şŜğřƣţƮėŵĩĩĩƯƖđ
şƾĠĕƹĩţƮ
ƩŝƣţſƮĝƹƯƖ

şĩĩĩĩĩĩƫūƖ N r , Cr
ĝƹƯƖ şĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩƫūƖ
ƩŝƣţſƮ

ĘřƳƳſţƯƪĕĮřƓƲ
ėĝřƣĩĩĩƳƮşƫūƖ

ƩƣƲşƯƓƲđƭƶđƱƮĘřƳƳſţƯƪĕŹŝţƗŢČşŜğřƣţƮışƾĠĕƹţƮėŵƯƖđƱƿŜ ŻŪĕƹůƪřŜ şƿƲĕğıŵƪĕşƦŹůƪĕƩƣƲ !:şƟƿƒƹƪĕ .2

ƩŝƣţſƮŹƇƳƖƻƪĕĬŹůƮŹƇƳƖƱƮşƿƲĕğıŵƪĕşƦŹůƪĕ
ĘLJūƗƪĕěƹƏžƻƫƖėŻūƳƯƪĕįřƳžǂĕƥŜřƃţŜşƦŹůƪĕƩƣƲƭţƾ!
ƩƧƂťƿŮƱƮı(ƽƎıŹųƮıđƽƲĕƹƏžđ)ƱƳſƯƫƪƽžŵƳƷƪĕƩƧƃƪĕťƿŮƱƮĘřƳƳſţƯƪĕƝƫţųŢ:ĘřƳƳſţƯƪĕħĕƹƲđ .3
.ėŵƯƖǃƪşƟƫţųƮĘřƿƗƊıčħƹƳţƪĕĕŷƶƱƖũţƳƾ .řƋƾđ(ƽŝƪƹƪıđƭƿƣţſƮ)Ʊſƪĕ
ƽŪğřŲƱƳſŢ:şƯŖřƢįřƳžđĘĕĞşƿƲĕƹƏžđĘřƳƳſţƮ ¾
:şƿŪƹƪƹƳƧŢşžĕğĝ /1-4
ƽƏƿƏųŢƩƿŧƯŢ ƽƣƿƣŮƩƿŧƯŢ ėğƹƆ
ƽƞįĕğıŵƾįřƳƳſƮ
ŽƦřƗƮİřūŢē
ƽŪğřŲƱƳſŢ

38ƱƮ 26 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ

 ƽŪğřŲƱƳſŢ:şƯŖřƢįřƳžđĘĕĞşƿƲĕƹƏžđĘřƳƳſţƮ ¾
ËíÊ킹ÊP” Ë°Ê°W¹ÊP” ÍfÈr

Â?fÇcÉÂ@ÀÀk»
Ë 
Æ@€Þ?l¬¿œ

:ƅŖřƇŲ
ƍƣƞƱƿƾĠĕƹţƮƱƾĝƹƯƖƱƿŜƩƣƳƪĕ _ :Ęřƿŝƫž
ƩƷžƕƳƆ -ĕŵŪėŹƿŝƦşƖřƏţžēƩƣƲ :ĘřƿŜřūƾē
.ũƿūƊıĞƩƿƛƃŢ _ėŹƯţſƮışƯŖĕĝşƲřƿƆ -ơƿƢĝśƿƦŹŢ
.řƿŝſƲ
:ƱƳſƯƪĕĘĕŻƿƯƮ .4
şƿĩĩƫŲĕŵƪĕĘřƳĩĩƳſţƯƪĕĘĕŻĩĩƿƯƮ şƿĩĩŪğřųƪĕĘřƳĩĩƳſţƯƪĕĘĕŻĩĩƿƯƮ

b
ğŷĩūĩƪĕ
e l
ġđŹƪĕŹƏƢ p
ƥƯž
ƱĩſƪĕĭřūƮ
Ʊĩſƪĕ śƲřŪ
ġđŹĩƪĕ ha
hf Ʊſƪĕ
h ğŷĩūƪĕŹĩƏƢ d ŹĩƏƢ
ƽžřžđ

-ġŹŢ) şĩĩƢLJĩĩƗƪĕ
(şƫūƖ-ġŹŢ) şĩĩƢLJĩĩƗƪĕ ŻĩĩƮŹƪĕ şƿĩĩĩĩƯſţƪĕ ŻĩĩƮŹƪĕ şƿĩĩĩĩƯſţƪĕ
(şƫūƖ

da d  2m da ġđŹĩƪĕŹƏƢ da d  2m da ġđŹĩƪĕŹƏƢ

df d  2.5m df ğŷĩĩūƪĕŹƏƢ df d  2.5m df ğŷĩĩūƪĕŹƏƢ

1 1
a .d1  d 2  a ijğƹůƯƪĕŵĩƖřŝţƪĕ a .d1  d 2  a ijğƹůƯƪĕŵĩƖřŝţƪĕ
2 2
e 0.5S .m e ƱĩĩſƪĕƥĩĩƯž z įřƳžǂĕĝŵĩĩĩƖ

l 0.5S .m l ƱĩĩſƪĕĭřūĩĩƮ ĝĕƹƯƪĕşƮıřƣƮƱƮĚŹųţſŢ m ƽŝžřƳţƪĕġřƿƣƯƪĕ

b k .m ( k 10 ) b ƱĩĩſƪĕĤŹĩĩƖ d m.Z d ƽžřĩĩždžĕŹƏƣƪĕ

P S .m p ėƹĩĩƏųƪĕ ha m ha (Ʊſƪĕ ġđğ)őĩĩĩţƳƪĕ

N2 Z1 d1
N1 Z2 d2
r1-2 ƩĩĩĩƣƳƪĕşĩĩĩĩŝſƲ hf 1.25m hf (ƱſƪĕŹĩƗƢ)ėƹūƟƪĕ

h 2.25m h ƱĩĩſƪĕħřƟĩĩŢğĕ

38ƱƮ 27 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ

 :ƱƳſţƪĕĥıŹƂ .5
ÍcÒ@¯θT£
N1
N1
ħƹƳƪĕŽƟƲƱƮƱƿƳƳſƯƪĕįƹƧƾįđ ¾
N2
N2
mĭƹƾĝƹƯƪĕŽƟƲřƯƷƪįƹƧƾįđ ¾

Íb@°À»θT£
:şƿƦŹŮşžĕğĝ .6
ėĝřƣĩĩƳƯƪĕşĩƫūƗƪĕįĕğıĝşƖŹĩžƱĩĩƿŜşĩĩŝſƳƪĕƽĩƶ : ĘřƖŹſƪĕşŝſƲ
N2 d1
[ mm ] dı [ tr/min ]N :ƕƮ r .ėŵĩĩŖřƣƪĕşĩƫūƗƪĕįĕğıĝşƖŹĩžƻƫĩĩĩƖ
N1 d2
:(şƿƧƿƮřƳƾĝ)şƿƧƾŹůŢşžĕğĝ .7

Ft :ƽžřƯĩĩĩƯƪĕŵƷūƪĕ
1
(¨) Ft F 1/ 2 . cos D

Fr :ijŹƏƢƝƇƳƪĕŵƷūƪĕ
Ft
Fr F1 / 2 . sin D
20ºĩĩŜėğŵƣƮƍƛƋƪĕşƾıĕĠ : Į
Fr )¨ŹƿŦŏţƪĕƍŲ : (
F1/2
Fr
2 f = tang D :ĬřƧţŮdžĕƩƮřƗƮ
Ft
ĝĕƹƯƪĕşƮıřƣƮƭƫƖĪŹƎƱƮėĝŵůƯƪĕşƢLJƗƪĕĮŵųţſƲĭƹƾŵƯƪĕĖřſůƪ ! :mĭƹƾŵƯƪĕĖřſŮ .8
mm &ºÈÉcš?'j@ÀL·?m@Ê°š? m
Ft
N Ë]]]j@¼š?c]]]]ă? Ft  m t 2,34 K .Rpe

N/mm2 c¼¸·ÎÊ°ÊHíL·?λÇ@°š? Rpe
¥Gg»¼¸Êš?\ÁKÈÊÀ·@Gcš?λÇ@°»:Re
- Á]]k·?{g£¹»@¤» K Rpe=Re/s8Á»Ú?¹»@¤»:S
10 1.5 1.25 1 0.8 0.5 0.3
:ĭƹƾŵƯƫƪėŵŮƹƯƪĕƭƿƣƪĕ
2 8 6 5 4 3 2.5
:şƳƳſţƯƪĕĝřƗŜđŵƾŵůŢ .9

38ƱƮ 28 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ

 :řƷƳƮŹƦŷƲıĭřƯƗţždžĕĘdžřūƮśſŮşƟƫţųƮĝĕƹƮƱƮĘřƳƳſţƯƪĕŻūƳŢ:ĘřƳƳſţƯƪĕĝĕƹƮ .10
......şƿƧƿţžLJŜĝĕƹƮ –ŻƲıŹŝƪĕ –śƫƇƪĕ –ŹƶŻƪĕ
.ƩƿƛƃţƪĕĘřƮŵƆışƏƚřƋƪĕĝƹƷūƪřƦşƿŪğřųƪĕŹƶĕƹƓƪĕşƮıřƣƯƪşƿůƏžşūƪřƗƮĘřƳƳſţƯƪĕśƫƏţŢ
:ĘřƳƳſţƯƪĕŵƾŹŝŢ
.şƾĝřƖĪıŹƒƽƞƩƿƛƃŢįřƯƋƪijğıŹƊĘřƳƳſţƯƪĕŵƾŹŝŢįē
.ƍƛƋƪřŜšƾŻƪĕűƋŜŵƾŹŝţƪĕƭţƾėŹƿŝƧƪĕĘřƖŹſƫƪ ¾
.šƾŻƪĕƱƮĤƹŮƩŲĕĝƍŝųţƪřŜıđĮƹůƃƪĕĭřƯƗţžřŜŵƾŹŝţƪĕƭţƾėŹƿƛƇƪĕĘřƖŹſƫƪ ¾
:şƿƯƾƹƣŢşŝƢĕŹƮ .11
01ơĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩƿŝƏŢ
(4\3ı2\1ƱƿƣŜřƎƱƮşƯŖřƢşƿƲĕƹƏžđĘřƳƳſƮ )şƳƿƦřƯƪĕĘřƖŹžşŝƫƖƻƪēƽŖřŜŹƷƧƪĕĬŹůƯƪĕƱƮşƦŹůƪĕƩƣƳŢ
.ğƹƿſƪĕıĘĕŹƧŝƪĕĮřƓƲşƏžĕƹŜ
Z2 Z3 :ĘřƿƏƗƯƪĕ
Ne
Ns 7.5 Kw ĬŹůƯƪĕşƖřƏţžĕ Pm
I2 1800 ĬŹůƯƪĕįĕğıĝşƖŹž Nm
Ce Z1 Cs T / mm
i
Z4
100 şƦŹůƯƪĕėŹƧŝƪĕŹƏƢ I1
300 mm şƫŝƣţſƯƪĕėŹƧŝƪĕŹƏƢ I2
0.8 (Źƿž –ėŹƧŜ)ĮřƓƳƪĕĝıĝŹƮ U

I1 M (2\1ĚıŻƪĕ)ĭıǂĕơŜřƏƪĕĘĕŻƿƯƮĖřſŮ- 1
2
K=10 , Rpe = 300 N/mm …m= 0,5 ; 1 ; 1,25 ; 1,5 ; 2 : ƻƏƗƾ
Pe Pe
Pe U Ÿ 0,8 Ÿ Pe 0,8 u 7,5 Ÿ Pe 6kw :ĭƹŲŵƪĕşƖřƏţžĕĖřſŮ -°1
Pm 8,5
T : ƽžřƯƯƪĕŵĩĩƷūƪĕĖřſŮ -°2
Ne :ĭƹĩŲŵƪĕ şƖŹžĖřſŮ -1.2
Ne I1 100 1 1 1
r12 Ÿ Ne u Nm u 1800 Ÿ Ne 600tr / min
Nm I2 300 3 3 3
d 2 ı d1 :şƿžřžǂĕğřƏƢǂĕĖřſŮ -2.2
d1  d 2 180
d1 1 Ÿ d1 60 d 2 120
d2 2
Ce :ĭƹŲŵƪĕşŪıĝŻƮĖřſŮ -2.2
Pe 60 u Pe 60 u 6 u 103
Pe Ce u Ze Ÿ Ce Ÿ Ce 95,54 N .m
Ze 2.S .Ne 2.S .600
d 2 u Ce 2 u 95,54
Ce T u 1 Ÿ T 3184,71N Ÿ T 3184,71N
2 d1 60.10 3
_
2,5 _3 _3,5 _3,75 _4m= 0,5 _ 1 _ 1,25 _1,5 _1,75_2:ƽŝžřƳţƪĕġřƿƣƯƪĕĖřſŮ -°3
T 3184,71
m t 2.34 Ÿ m t 2,34 2, 41 | 2,5mm
K .Rpe 10 u 300

38ƱƮ 29 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ

 a r1-2 h df da d Z m ĘřƳƳſƮ

90
1
5,625
53,75 65 60 24
2,5
M
2 113,75 125 120 48 N
02ơĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩƿŝƏŢ
(4\3ĚıŻƪĕ)ƽƲřŧƪĕơŜřƏƪĕĘĕŻƿƯƮĖřſŮ- 1
a r3-4 h df da d Z m řƳƳſƮ

3 82,5 96 90 30 O
105 6,75 3
4 112, 126 120 40 P
ĎNsĘřƖŹſƪĕşŝƫƖƱƮĚıŹųƪĕşƖŹžśſŮđ - 2

rg:şƿƪřƯŪDŽĕƩƣƳƪĕşŝſƲĖřſŮ

1 3 3 3
rg r12 u r34 u Ÿ rg
2 4 8 8
Ns 3 3 3
rg Ÿ Ns u Ne u 600 225tr / min
Ne 8 8 8
Ns=225 tr/min

ĎK 0,9 ĘřƖŹſƪĕşŝƫƖĝıĝŹƮįřƦĕĞēPsĠřƷūƪĕĚıŹŲŵƳƖşƖřƏţždžĕśſŮđ- 3

Ps Ps
K Ÿ 0,9 Ÿ Ps 0,9 u 6 Ÿ Ps 5,4kw
Pe 6
Ps=5,4kw
ĎƩƧƃƪĕƻƫƖřƷƫŧƮƭŦ2\1ĚıŻƪĕįřƳžđƻƫƖşƣŝƏƯƪĕĝƹƷūƪĕśſŮđ - 4

F1 :ĝƹƷūƪĕşƫƇůƮĖřſŮ -°1
2

1
T 3184,71
T F1 u CosD Ÿ F1
2 2 CosD Cos 20o

T F1 3389,1N
2

R :ijŹƏƢƝƇƳƪĕŵƷūƪĕĖřſŮ -°2
R
F1/2 R F1 u SinD Ÿ R 3389,1u Sin 20o
2

2
R 1159,14 N

38ƱƮ 30 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ

 03ơĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩƿŝƏŢ
şƿƲĕƹƏžđĘřƳƳſƮƱƮįƹƧţƾşƦŹŮŽƦřƖřƳƾŵƪ
.şƯŖřƢįřƳžđĘĕĞ
ĘĕĞşƫūƖıOČNşƿŪğřŲįřƳžđĘĕĞĘLJūƖ
ºÈ_b .PşƿƫŲĕĝįřƳžđ
:ƩƿƛƃţƪĕđŵŝƮ
VÇg_
2 :ƱƿţƿƗƊıřƳƿƏƗŢşƫţƗƪĕƽƞƭƧůţƪĕŵƳƖ
İřūŢdžĕŽƟƲƽƞĩĩĩĩĩĩĩ4 -2ƱƳſŢ Ý
3 ŽƦřƗƮİřūŢĕƽƞĩĩĩĩĩĩ3 -2ƱƳſŢ Ý
4
:ĘřƿĩĩĩĩƏƗƯƪĕ
2mm ƽŝžřƳţƪĕġřƿƣƯƪĕ m
:şƿƪřţƪĕĭıĕŵūƪĕǃƯŜƱĩĩƳſţƪĕĘĕŻƿƯƮśſŮđ :ĖƹĩĩĩĩƫƏƯƪĕ 54mm ijğƹůƯƪĕŵƖřŝţƪĕ a2-3
4 ƩĩĩĩĩƣƳƪĕşĩĩĩŝſƲ r2-3
5
ĘĕŻƿƯƮ
r a ha hf h df da d Z m
ĘřƳƳſƮ
4
54 2 2.5 4.5
43 52 48 24
2
N
5 55 64 60 30 O
4
54 2
2.5
4.5
43 52 48 24
2
N
13 2.5 161 152 156 78 P
04ơĩĩĩĩĩĩĩĩƿŝƏŢ
:ƽƪřţƪĕĭıŵūƪĕśſŮ(ƩŝƣţſƮ:7ıĬŹůƮ:5ƱƳſƮ)ƱƿƳƳſƯƪĕĘĕŻƿƯƮřƿŜřſŮƩƯƦđ .1
ĘĕŻƿƯƮ
r a hf ha h df da d Z m
ƱƳſƮ
35 44 40 20 5
0.5 60 2 ,5 2 4 ,5 2
75 84 80 40 7

N5=1200tr/min :5ƱƳſƯƪĕşƖŹžƱƧţƪ .2
N7Ď7ƱƳſƯƪĕşƖŹžśſŮđ

N7=600tr/min
r=N7/N5 N7=r*N5=0,5*1200=
......................................................................................................................................................

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38ƱƮ 31 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ


q¼g°
uqn¬A
±A¼³
´B[¬A
¯øB—¯¬A
©B_¯¬A
ĊôČÿ¦ôČû˜¦ÐÿŸ
şƯŖřƢįřƳžđĘĕĞşƿƎıŹųƮĘřƳƳſţƮ .IV ¬ã¦Ü°Ëē¥öðÿ
ƱƮşƖřƏţždžĕƩƣƲŵƾŹƲ:şƫƧƃƯƪĕ –şƿƗƊƹƪĕ .1

ƩŝƣţſƮĝƹƯƖ
žÙˆ ťƿŮČşƦŹůƪĕƩƣƲĠřƷŪşƏžĕƹŜĥLJųƯƪĕƻƪēĬŹůƯƪĕ
şƿƢLJţƮıėŵƮřƗţƮėŵƯƖǂĕşƿƗƊı

¹°¿h@ÄS
ĎƥƪĞơƿƣůţƪƵŮŹţƣŢijŷƪĕƩůƪĕıđşƫƿžƹƪĕƽƶřƮ!
¶g‡
ĬŹůƮĝƹƯƖ γg„? şƿƎıŹųƮĘřƳƳſţƮ ĭřƯƗţžē :ƹƶěŹţƣƯƪĕƩůƪĕ !
:şƟƿƒƹƪĕ .2
ŻŪĕƹůƪĕėŹƶřƓŜƱƾŵƮřƗţƮƱƾĝƹƯƖƱƿŜşƦŹůƪĕƩƣƳŜşƯŖřƣƪĕįřƳžǂĕĘĕĞşƿƎıŹųƯƪĕĘřƳƳſţƯƪĕŭƯſŢ!
:şƿŪƹƪƹƳƧŢşžĕğĝ .3
ƽƏƿƏųŢƩƿŧƯŢ ƽƣƿƣŮƩƿŧƯŢ ėğƹƆ

:ƅŖřƇŲ
:Ęřƿŝƫž :ĘřƿŜřūƾē
.ĕŵŪơƿƢĝśƿƦŹŢ* .śƗƆƕƳƆ!ĕŵŪėŹƿŝƦşƖřƏţžĕƩƣƲ!
ũƿūƊıĞƩƿƛƃŢ* ėŹƯţſƮışƯŖĕĝşƲřƿƆ!řƯƶŹƿƚıƱƾŵƮřƗţƮƱƾĝƹƯƖƱƿŜƩƣƳƪĕ!
(şƫūƖ-ġŹŢ) şĩĩƢLJĩĩƗƪĕ ŻĩĩƮŹƪĕ :ƱƳſƯƪĕĘĕŻƿƯƮ .4
N 2 Z1 d1
z įřƳžǂĕĝŵĩĩĩƖ
N1 Z 2 d 2
Ft
m 2.34 m ƽŝžřƳţƪĕġřƿƣƯƪĕ ĘřƿƏƗƯƪĕ
K .Rpe
b k .m ”N” b ƱĩſƪĕĤŹĩĩƖ
d m.Z d ƽžřĩĩždžĕŹƏƣƪĕ
Z2 Z1
TgG 2 ; TgG 1 G şƿĩžřžǂĕşƾıĕŻƪĕ
Z1 Z2
ƽžřžǂĕĥıŹųƯƪĕĖřſŮ
d
L L ėŵĩĩĩƪƹƯƪĕĭƹƎ
2.sin G
h 2,25.m h ƱĩĩſƪĕħřƟĩĩŢğĕ
ha m ha ġđŹƪĕħřƟĩĩŢğĕ
hf 1,25.m hf ğŷūƪĕħřƟĩĩŢğĕ ƱſƪĕĖřſŮ
m 2.sin G
TgT a a ș ƱſƪĕġđğşƾıĕĠ
L Z

38ƱƮ 32 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ

 1,25.m 2,5.sin G
TgT f f ș ƱſƪĕğŷŪşƾıĕĠ ƱſƪĕĖřſŮ
L Z
G a G  Ta Ga ĥıŹųƯƪĕ ġđğşƾıĕĠ
Gf G T f Gf ĥıŹųƯƪĕğŷĩŪşƾıĕĠ ĥıŹųƮĖřſŮ
da d  2.m. cos G da ġđŹĩƪĕŹĩĩƏƢ ğŷĩĩūƪĕıġđŹƪĕ
df d  2,5.m. cos G df ğŷĩĩĩūƪĕŹĩĩƏƢ
:ƱƳſţƪĕĥıŹƂ .4
ħƹƳƪĕŽƟƲƱƮƱƿƳƳſƯƪĕįƹƧƾįđ -
m ĭƹƾĝƹƯƪĕŽƟƲřƯƷƪįƹƧƾįđ-
S şƏƣƳƪĕŽƟƲƽƞįřţƯƣƪĕơŜřƏţŢįđ-
:şƿƦŹŮşžĕğĝ .5
r :ĘřƖŹſƪĕşŝſƲ
į 1 + į 2 = 90° :įđřƯƫƖ
1

d 1
2
į2

d2
N2 D Z
r1/2 = = 1 = 1 Tg G1
N1 D2 Z2

:ĝƹĩĩĩĩƷūƪĕĖřſĩĩĩŮ .1

Ft :ƽžřƯĩĩĩƯƪĕŵƷūƪĕ

uur 2.C
Ft
dm

Fr :ijŹƏƢƝƇƳƪĕŵƷūƪĕ

uur uur
Fr Ft .tg D .cos G

Fa :ijğƹĩĩĩĩůƯƪĕŵƷūƪĕ

uur uur
Fa Ft .tg D .sin G

38ƱƮ 33 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ

 :şƿƎıŹųƯƪĕşƳƳſţƯƪĕĝřƗŜđŵƾŵůŢ .6

1:ƭƢğĥřƃƲ
.ƽŖřŜŹƷƦĬŹůƮƱƮşƦŹŮşƿŪğřŲşƯŖřƢįřƳžđĘĕĞşƿƎıŹųƮĘřƳƳſƮıĞƉƟųƮƻƣƫţƾ
ĘřƿƏƗƯƪĕ
4 Kw ĬŹůƯƪĕşƖřƏţžĕ
800 tr/min ĬŹůƯƪĕįĕğıĝşƖŹž
R=0,5 r ƩƣƳƪĕşŝſƲ
d1=60 mm 1ŵŖřƣƪĕġŹţƫƪƽžřžǂĕŹƏƣƪĕ
Rpe=160 ŵƯƪřŜşƿƣƿŝƏţƪĕşƮıřƣƯƪĕ
K=10 ƱſƪĕĤŹƖƩƮřƗƮ
:ĖƹƫƏƯƪĕ
ĎŵŮƹƯƪĕĭƹƾŵƯƪĕśſŮđ .1
ĎįřƳžǂĕĝŵƖ .2
ĎƱƿţƳƳſƯƪĕƅŖřƇŲ .3

įf įa șf șa df da h d į z m
29.1 53.5 64.4 26.5
28.7 2.61 2.13 60 24 ġŹţƪĕ
8 2 7 7
5.62 2.5
66.0 117.3 122.2
65.53 2.65 2.12 120 63.43 48 şƫūƗƪĕ
8 2 3
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ĪıŹƗƮ :Ğřţžǂĕ 38ƱƮ 34 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ

 2:ƭƢğĥřƃƲ
:įđřƯƫƖşƯŖřƢįřƳžđşƿƎıŹųƮĘřƳƳſƮơƾŹƎƱƖƩŝƣţſƮĠřƷŪƻƪēĬŹůƮƱƮşƦŹůƪĕƩƣţƳŢ
Rpe = 9 , Z1=40 , Nr =320tr/min , Nm=960tr/min , Pm= 6kw
k = 10 , daN/mm2
:ƱĩĩƿţƳƳſƯƪĕĘĕŻƿƯƮśſŮđ
b įf įa șf șa df da h d į z m

80 18,43 40 ġŹţƪĕ
20 4.5 2
160 71.56 120 şƫūƗƪĕ

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ĪıŹƗƮ :Ğřţžǂĕ 38ƱƮ 35 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ


q¼g°
uqn¬A
±A¼³
´B[¬A
¯øB—¯¬A
©B_¯¬A
ĊôČÿ¦ôČû˜¦ÐÿŸ
şƦŹůƪĕƩƾƹůŢ .V ¬ã¦Ü°Ëē¥öðÿ

řƷƿƞŹƿƧƟţƪĕıƩƮŏţƪĕıƥƮřƮđşƊıŹƗƯƪĕğƹƇƪĕƽƞƱƗƯţƪĕışƓŮLJƯƪĕƹƶĖƹƫƏƯƪĕ
ĎřƯƷƳƮƩƧƪşƯŖLJƮşƿƯſŢƽƏƖđĎƱƿŢğƹƇƪĕƱƿŢřƶƩŧƯŢĕĞřƮ .1

ėğřƿžĬŹůƮ ƽŖřŜŹƷƦĬŹůƮ
....şƿƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕşƢřƏƪĕŵƿƪƹŢ...ĎėŻƷŪǂĕİŷƶřƷƿƞĬŹţƃŢƽţƪĕşƟƿƒƹƪĕƽƶřƮ .1
ĎřƯƷƳƮƩƧƪşƯŖLJƮşƿƯſŢƽƏƖđ.. şƦŹůƪĕƩƣƲşƯƓƲđ ..ĎğƹƇƪĕİŷƶƩŧƯŢĕĞřƮ .2

şƪƹƮřƆ -ƽƚŹŜĮřƓƲ şƧƿŝƂ -ġŹŢĮřƓƲ şƪƹƮřƆ -ƽƚŹŜĮřƓƲ

ĮřƓƲ +ėğıŵƮ –ŵƖřžĮřƓƲ

ėğıŵƮ -ŵƖřžĮřƓƲ ėğıŵƮ -ŵƖřžĮřƓƲ
ĘřƮřƦ
ƭƗƲ.ĎƥƮřƮđşƊıŹƗƯƪĕşƯƓƲǂĕƱƿŜīŹƞĬřƳƶƩƶ .1

..şƪƹƣƳƯƪĕşƦŹůƪĕşƗƿŝƎıĠřƷūƪĕşƿƳŜ ..ĎƉƗŝƪĕřƷƋƗŜƱƖƝƫţųŢĕĞřƮƽƞ .2
..şƗŜğđ..ĎşƿƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕşƯƓƲǂĕİŷƶƝƿƳƇŢƱƧƯƾĮřƓƲƭƦƻƪēğƹƇƪĕĭLJŲƱƮ .3
ĎİŷƶşƯƓƲǂĕƝƫţųƯƪşƿƯſŢƽƏƖđ .4
ĘřƮřƧƪĕĮřƓƲ - 4şƧƿŝƂıġŹŢĮřƓƲ - 3ėğıŵƮ -ŵƖřžĮřƓƲ - 2şƪƹƮřƆ-ƽƚŹŜĮřƓƲ - 1

ĪıŹƗƮ :Ğřţžǂĕ 38ƱƮ 36 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ

 :şƪƹƮřƆ -ƽƚŹŜĮřƋƲ – 1
:şƟƿƒƹƪĕ1 – 1
ƩƾƹůţŜĮƹƣƾşƪƹƮřƆıƽƚŹŜƱƮĮřƓƳƪĕĕŷƶįƹƧţƾ
ĘřƯƚŹƯƪĕ
ŹƿƚĮřƋƲƹƶışƿƪřƣţƲĕşƦŹŮƻƪēşƿƲĕğıĝşƦŹŮ
şƦŹŮ şƦŹůƪĕƩƾƹůŢ şƦŹŮ
şƿƪřƣţƲĕ şƿƲĕğıĝ ƻƪēşƿƪřƣţƲdžĕşƦŹůƪĕĭƹůƾįđƱƧƯƾdžijđƽžřƧƗƲĕ
.şƿƲĕğıĝşƦŹŮ
-ƽƚŹŜĮřƓƲ
:LJŧƮƽƧƿƲřƧƿƯƪĕĭřūƯƪĕƽƞĕŹƿŧƦĮřƓƳƪĕĕŷƶƩƯƗţſƾ
. ĘřƗƞĕğ –ƩƿƛƃţƪĕĘdžĐ –ĘřŜŹƖ –ĘřƮŻƫƮ

:ƩƿƛƃţƪĕđŵŝƮ2 – 1
(şƿƪřƣţƲĕışƿƲĕğıĝ )ƱƿţƳƧƯƮƱƿţƦŹŮƽƚŹŝƫƪ ¾
(şƿƪřƣţƲĕışƿƲĕğıĝ )ƱƿţƳƧƯƮƱƿţƦŹŮşƪƹƮřƇƫƪ ¾
įĕğıŵƪĕ -2 ĭřƣţƲdžĕ -1řƯƶ:ĮřƓƳƪĕŹƆřƳƗƪ şƳƧƯƯƪĕĘřƦŹůƪĕ3 - 1
ƽƚŹŜ şƪƹƮřƆ

įĕğıĝ :ƽƚŹŝƪĕ ĭřƣţƲĕ :ƽƚŹŝƪĕ ĭřƣţƲĕ +įĕğıĝ :ƽƚŹŝƪĕ šŜřŦ :ƽƚŹŝƪĕ

ĭřƣţƲĕ :şƪƹƮřƇƪĕ įĕğıĝ:şƪƹƮřƇƪĕ şţŜřŦ :şƪƹƮřƇƪĕ ĭřƣţƲĕ +įĕğıĝ :şƪƹƮřƇƪĕ
:ĘřƦŹůƪĕşƢLJƖ4 – 1
.ėŵŮĕıėƹƏųŜĭřƣţƲĕƽƏƗŢƱƾŹƇƳƗƪĕŵŮǂėğıĝƩƦ :ŵŮĕıśƪƹƪşƪřŮ ¾
.ĘĕƹƏųƪĕħƹƯūƮşƯƿƢijıřſƾĭřƣţƲĕƽƏƗŢƱƾŹƇƳƗƪĕŵŮǂėğıĝƩƦ :śƪĕƹƪėŵƖşƪřŮ ¾
.řƿžřƧƗƲĕįƹƧƾįđĮřƓƳƫƪƱƧƯƾśƪĕƹƪėŵƖşƪřŮƽƞ:şƓŮLJƮ
:ĮřƓƳƪĕĝıĝŹƮ5 – 1
ĬřƧţŮdžĕƱƮƩƿƫƣţƪıČşƿŝƪƹƫƪĕěƹƏſƪĕƱƿŜĝƹŪƹƯƪĕĬřƧţŮdžĕśŝſŜřƟƿƗƊĮřƓƳƪĕĕŷƶĝıĝŹƮŹŝţƗƾ
.ŹƯţſƮƭƿůƃŢƕƮśƪĕƹƫƪĕĝŵƖƝƖřƋƲ
:śƪƹƫƪĕśƲřŪƩƧƂğřţųƾşƪƹƣƳƯƪĕĝƹƷūƪĕśſŮ
.ƩƧƃƪĕƕŜŹƮıđĪŹůƳƮƵŝƂśƪƹƫƪĕśƲřŪ :ėŹŝţƗƮĝƹƷŪ ¾
.ƩƧƃƪĕƽŧƫŧƮśƪƹƫƪĕśƲřŪ :şƟƿƗƊĝƹƷŪ ¾

ĪıŹƗƮ :Ğřţžǂĕ 38ƱƮ 37 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ

 :ėğıŵƮ -ŵƖřžĮřƓƲ– 2
ĘřƯƚŹƯƪĕ :şƟƿƒƹƪĕ1 – 2
şƿƪřƣţƲĕşƦŹŮ şƦŹŮ :ƩƾƹůţŜĮřƓƳƪĕĕŷƶŭƯſƾ
şƦŹůƪĕƩƾƹůŢ
şŜıřƳţƮ şƿƲĕğıĝ şŜıřƳţƮşƯƿƣţſƮşƦŹŮƻƪēėŹƯţſƮşƾŹŖĕĝşƦŹŮ -
şƾŹŖĕĝşƦŹŮƻƪēşŜıřƳţƮşƯƿƣţſƮşƦŹŮ -ıđ
ėğıŵƮ -ŵƖřžĮřƓƲ
ėŹƯţſƮ
:ĮřƓƳƪĕƝƆı2 – 2
fƩƿƪŵƪĕıeīdžŻƯƪĕıdŵƖřžıcėğıŵƯƪĕƱƮĮřƓƳƪĕĕŷƶįƹƧţƾ
.dŵƖřſƪĕƕƮAşƏƣƳƪĕƽƞėğƹůƯţƮşƫƆıřƷƪı5įĕğıŵƪĕĝƹƯƖƕƮşƿŪřƮŵƲĕşƫƆıřƷƪėğıŵƯƪĕ
. fƩƿƪŵƪĕƕƮşƿƢdžŻƲēşƫƆıƵƪİğıŵŜijŷƪĕ eīdžŻƯƪĕƕƮBşƏƣƳƪĕƽƞėğƹůƯţƮşƫƆıƵƪŵƖřſƪĕ
.ƽžřƧƗƲĕėğıŵƮ -ŵƖřžĮřƓƲ:şƓŮLJƮ
5 2 ėğıĝįē:ĘřƦŹůƪĕşƢLJƖ3 – 2
A
3 şƯƿƣŜĭřƣţƲĕřƳƿƏƗŢ1ėğıŵƯƫƪėŵŮĕı
1 ß B
Į «ĖřƾēıĖřƶĞ »ğĕƹƃƯƪĕƝƗƊ
4
C r ƕƮC = 2 . rğĕƹƃƯƪĕşƯƿƢ
ėğıŵƯƪĕŹƏƢƝƇƲ
2r

ĘřƯƚŹƯƪĕ şƧƿŝƂ –ġŹŢĮřƓƲ– 3

:şƟƿƒƹƪĕ1– 3
şƦŹŮ
şƦŹůƪĕƩƾƹůŢ şƦŹŮ
şƿƪřƣţƲĕ
şƿƲĕğıĝ
şŜıřƳţƮ
-ġŹŢĮřƓƲ
1 :ĮřƓƳƪĕƝƆı2– 3
şƳƳſƮşƫūƖƱƖėğřŝƖ :1ġŹţƪĕ
şƳƳſƮşƊğřƖƱƖėğřŝƖ :2şƧƿŝƃƪĕ
2 .ƽžřƧƗƲĕşƧƿŝƂ -ġŹŢĮřƓƳƪĕ:şƓŮLJƮ

:şƧƿŝƃƪĕĘĕŻƿƯƮ3 – 3
ha

ƍųƪĕ ƽžřžđŹƏƢĘĕĞşƳƳſƮşƫūƖƱƖėğřŝƖşƧƿŝƃƪĕ
h

ƽžřžǂĕ şƾřƷƲdžřƮƽƪēĭıőƾ
şƧƿŝƃƪĕƽžřžǂĕƍųƪĕ³şƫūƗƫƪƽžřžǂĕŹƏƣƪĕ
hf

ƱſƪĕħřƟŢğĕ ğŷūƪĕ Ěřţƪĕ ėƹƏųƪĕ ƽŝžřƳţƪĕġřƿƣƯƪĕ şƿƯſţƪĕ

H hf ha p m ŻƮŹƪĕ

h =2.25m hf =1.25m ha = m P= m x S ĝĕƹƯƪĕşƮıřƣƮƱƮĝŵůƾ şƢLJƗƪĕ

ĪıŹƗƮ :Ğřţžǂĕ 38ƱƮ 38 :şƣƿŦƹƪĕƽƧƿƲřƧƿƮďřƃƲē :ďŻŪ