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5 $7   / 5 $A


" # $   #
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+


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+

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 F.&&5#& #
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  G &6








  


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"=6F 
B; 6 ( )  & 

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® 
¯∀ ∈ HI E + = + + 

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+ 

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− 
 =  = =  
 +


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 +

=. /  #& $?  < = −  < !


. %#& $?  + −  = !
 +

. %#& $?   = − ! 
=
. /   1!

§¨ §¨ + ·¸ § − · ·¸
+ +

. %#& $   = − ¨ ¸ 
¨ ¨©  ¸¹ ¨  ¸ ¸
© ¹ ¹
©

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"=6F


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 + = +  § ·
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!


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"=6F

   

 

    
'  # = ∈ [ # ]  ( )∈I  (=  )∈I  & 
    
 
=

+ = + +
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 )  =+ = + −
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 )

B%& $   # = ∈ [ # ] 

D/  & $ 



 
+ =  − 
+ =  =+ =   

 

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 (=  )∈I 2 
  =  =  −    =  = = =  − 
→ +∞ → +∞

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=  +   = − 
. L + =   + = 
 
 
=. %  ≤  E  + ≤  + ≤ 
 
. /     =  −    = =  − 

→ +∞ → +∞


"=6F
>"=6F
­ < α ≤ α
°
; 6 (α  )∈HI  & ® ∀ ∈ HI? 
° < α ≤ α ≤ α − α
¯  +  −

/=   α  = 
→ +∞


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"=6F 
­β ≥ E β ≥ E ) # M ∈ H ?+ N ) + M ≥
; 6 (β )∈HI  &  ® 
¯ β+ = ) β+ + M β

/=   β  = () + M )0 
→ +∞






  
  



 

>/)
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→ +∞
 
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!
* = >/)
>/)
+   
§ ·
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 + −  =  = &
   =  +
 & ∈ $# & ≥  !
* =
&−
* = * = * = 
+ 

=

+



=

> 
 + −  =
* =
− ¦ =
* & * = * & ( + )&
> ¦
 +   +  + - + .- + . 
 ( ) !
 ( ) !

 + −   = + + −  − 
 + −   = + + −  −  ( + )&− &−
+ 
 − - + . =

+

− &− =
( + )&− − ( + )&
= − = ( + ) ( + )
& & −
 & − ( + )&
- + .- + . - + . - + .- + .
 + 
 ( + )(&− − ( + )&− ) − ( + )&−
= <
=− <
- + .  &− ( + )&
 (  )  !  (  )  !

•   −  =
   -   −  . = !   −  =    -   −  . = !
 → +∞ & − → +∞ 
 ( )  (  )  1!  ( )  (  )  1!

>/)
>/)
 >/) 
>/) 

 = ¦* 
(* + )
   =  +

! 
§ · § · § · 
* =  = ∏ ¨© + *0 ¸¹ =¨© + 0 ¸¹!!!!!¨© + 0 ¸¹
* =
   =  +

!
 + 

  + −   = ¦* 
(* + )
− ¦* 
=
(* + ) ( + ) ( + )
>   +
= +

>  ( ) !
* = * =  - + .0
 

+
 ( ) !  + 
= + ×  + = ( + ) ( + ) +

( )
  ( + )
+
 + −   = + + −  −  
( + ) 
=
( + − )( + + ) ( + ) +
=
(
( + ) − ( + ) + ) ( )( )

= + − ( + ) ( + )
- + . - + . - + . 

0 + 0- + .0 − - + .0- + .0 = − <
=  ( + )
0- + .0- + .0

0 − - + .- + .0  + 0 +  + 
=  
=− <  (  )  !
0- + . - + . 0- + .0- + .0
3 ( ) 1&   
 (  )  !
2 A 

•   −  =
   -   −  . = !  
0 → +∞
 A
 ( )  (  )  1!   −  =   →∞
→O  O = 
 ∞
>/)
>/)   -   −  . = !
  → +∞

 = ¦
* = *
− +   = ¦
* = *
−  !   ( )  (  )  1!

 +  >/)
>/)
¦ ¦
 
 + −  = − + + − + = − (− )* −
* =
*
* =
* + + + +   =   = = +   = ¦
* =
*
!

;  + +  +  >   +  ( ) !  + 


(− )* − (− )* −
 +       + −   =    +  −    = ¦ *
− ¦ *
 + −  = ¦
*
− ¦
*
+  − + =
+


 + +
(− ) 
(− )
* =
+

* =

* = * =
= + = > 
 +  +  - + .- + .

 ( ) !
;  +  + <   +   +  +
(− )* − (− )* −
 (  )  ! = + − =  = + −  + = ¦
* =
*
− ¦
* =
*
 
  −  =   + −   = (− )   +
(− )  + 

 + +   = + = <
 +   +  - + .- + .






 (  )  ! & ) ≥ # 2- ) . ≤  2- ) . = !
) →+∞
+ 
(− ) * −
(− ) * −
 
• =  −  = ¦
* =
*
− ¦
* =
*
=
 +

 (  )  !
  -   −  . = ! 
→ +∞
  −  =    -   −  . = !
 → +∞
 ( )  (  )  1!  ( )  (  )  1!
 >/)
>/) 

>/)
>/) § ·

§ ·
+

  = ¨ + ¸    = ¨ + ¸ !
(− )* © ¹ © ¹
 =   =  = +   = ¦ (* )@ !
§ · § ·
* = ( ) = ¨ + ¸  (  ) = ( + )¨ + ¸
+   ©  ¹ © ¹
(− )* (− )* 
+ −  = + −  = ¦ (* )@ − ¦ (* )@
* = * = /    
(− )+ + (− )+ = − -  + .-  +  . + § ·
=  [ #+∞[ → H # ) 6 ) ¨ + ¸
( + )@ ( +  )@ ( +  )@ © )¹
 
0 +  +  + § ·
=− < 2 [ #+∞[ → H # ) 6 () + )¨ + ¸
( +  )@ © )¹

 ( )  ! § ·
∀) ∈ [ #+∞[ # 7 - ) . = ¨ + ¸ − ≥ - L ) .
 + + © ) ¹ ) +
(− )* (− )*
=  + − =  =    +  −    + = ¦ (* )@ − ¦ (* )@
* = * =
 ( ) !

 § ·
(− )+ + (− )+ = 0 +  +  > ∀) ∈ [ #+∞[ # 27 - ) . = ¨ + ¸ − ≤ ! - ( + ) ) ≤ ) .
= © )¹ )
( +  )@ ( +  )@ -  +  .@ 
 (  )  !
 (=  ) ! + 
§ · § ·
+
(− )* −  (− )* = −   −  = ¨ + ¸ − ¨ + ¸ ! 
=  −  =  + −   = ¦
(* )@ ¦
• © ¹ © ¹
* = * =
(* )@ ( + )@
(+ )§¨ + ·¸ § ·
 ¨ + ¸
© ¹ © ¹
  -=  −  . = ! = −
→ +∞
§ · § · 
 ( )  (=  )  1! (+ )
¨ + ¸
© ¹
¨ + ¸

 ©

 → +∞
=  −   →  −  =
>/)
>/) 
  -   −  . = !
§ − · § − · → +∞
 = ¨
¨ ¦¸ − − -. 
¸
© * = * ¹ 
 = ¨
¨ ¦ ¸ + − -.!
¸
© * = * ¹ 
 ( )  (  )  1!
 >/)
>/) 
§  · § − ·
¸ − − - + . − ¨
  + −  = ¨
¨ ¦ ¸
© * = * ¹  +
¨
¸ + + -.
¸
© * = * ¹ 
¦   + =
 + & 
&+
  + =
& +  
&+
 < & <  )   <  !

 §  · + § · ( − & )( −   )


= − + ¨ ¸= − ¨ + ¸  ; + −  + =
 + ©  + ¹ - + . © ¹ &+

/     , ( −  ) 2

)+ § · § −& ·
 [ #+∞[ → H # ) 6 − ¨ + ¸   −   = ( −  )¨¨ ¸¸ < 
)- ) + . © )¹
  © +& ¹
) + 
∀) ∈ [ #+∞[ # 7 - ) . = −  
< ,& $   <   !
) - ) + .
 
& ) ≥ # - ) . ≥  - ) . = !
) →+∞ &(  −  )
 + −  = ≥ #  ( ) !
 &+
 ( ) ! &( −   )
  + −   = ≤ #  (  )  !
&+
§  · § − ·
¸ + − - + . − ¨  ( )  (  )  1!
  + −   = ¨
¨ ¦ ¸
© * = * ¹  +
¨
¸ − + -.
¸
© * = * ¹ 
¦
>/) 
>/) 
§  · § · θ θ θ θ
= + ¨ ¸= − ¨ + ¸   =    =    + =  +  +  + ≤ +
+ ©+ ¹ + © ¹    
 ( ) ! 
/    
  θ
§ · ;  θ =
2 [ #+∞[ → H # ) 6 − ¨ + ¸ −  0θ
) + © )¹ 
 
∀) ∈ [ #+∞[ # 27 - ) . = >
)- ) + .


 
 



θ A + A
θ θ
 +  +
θ  A  =  → A = A 
 
  =    =   + =  ≥ +  + =  + 
  θ    -   −  . =  
−   + → +∞

 (  )  !  ( )  (  )  1!

(
 θ N  ) (
 θ N   )I= 
I→∞
 >/) 
>/) 
  −  = −  → θ − θ =     +  
- N  . - N  . <  <  # + =   + = !
 ( )  (  )  1!
  +   

  (  − )
+ −  = > #  ( ) !
 +  
>/) 
>/)  

  −  
  + −   = < #  (  )  !
; 6 )&)M!;  
M5#2#5 
3 ( ) 1&   
   )=-#2#5.  2 A 
< 
3 (  )  &
   
)+M
%M5   =  2 A  

%M2  2 = )M  A + A 
 A  =  A  = A 

 
%M5  = +  ) ≠  M ≠    -   −  . = 
5 ) M → +∞

 ( )  (  )  1!


)0 + M 0
%M    =  >/)
 >/) 
 
"&
"&  =
(
/  ) )   =
(
/  ) + )
 )   !
')M )&!  

-)# M . ≤ 5 ≤ 2 ≤  ≤  ≤ )-) # M . #2 
)PM! ;&& ) − < /() ) ≤ )#  )   !
:  
 
(
/ + ) − /  ) ) ( ) 
'&& ) ≤ M )-)#M.PM-)#M.P)! + −  =
+
)M 
;  5 =
)+M
 (
+ ) − < / + ) ≤ + ) 9 )
)M )M − )0 )- M − ) .
C −  +
) ≤ − / ) < − ( 
)  +
)
; 5 − ) =
)+M
−)=
)+M
=
)+M
≥  ) ≤ 5   − < / ( +
)
) − / ) < 9 ( 
)
; ( )
C ≤ / + ) − /  ) ≤   ( )
 + −  ≥   ( ) !
2 − 5 = )M −
)M § ) + M −  )M ·
= )M ¨ ¸ = )M ( ) − M) 

≥ 
)+M ¨ )+M ¸ )+M   + −   =   + −   −
© ¹ +

 5 ≤ 2 ! (
; ≤ / + ) − /  ) ≤  ) ( )
;   − 2 =
)+M
− )M =
) + M −  )M
=
( ) − M) 

≥   ≤ + −  ≤


   +
 2 ≤    (  )  !
;
  −  =     -   −  . = !
)0 + M0 )0 + M0 + )M )0 + M0 − )M -) − M .0 → +∞
0 − 0 = − = = ≥  ( )  (  )  1!
   

  ≤   
)0 + M 0 M 0 − )0 >/)

>/)

;  M0 − 0 = M0 − = ≥   ≤ M 
  ­  =  #  = =
°
# 72)PM! <  < =# ®  +  
°̄+ = 
#  + = +  
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
F.

 + 
<  <  # + =    + =    !
 + ( −   )
 − 
 + −  + =
+ −  =  < #  ( )  !  + +   
 
 ,   ≥  -&
( )
 + −   =    −   > #  (  ) ! &.
3 (  ) 1&      − 
+ −  = ≥ #  ( ) !
2 A  
3 ( )  &
     + −   = + (  + −  )
2 A     ( −   ) 
 + −   = ≤ 
     + +   








 (  )  ! 

3 ( ) 1&   
 = ¦ *@
* =
   =  +
 × @
!

2 A 

F.
3 (  )  &
    + 

2 A   + −  = ¦ * @ − ¦ * @ = ( + )@ > 
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