Télécharger au format pdf ou txt
Télécharger au format pdf ou txt
Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 46

RepUBLIQUE DU SeNeGAL

l:COLE POLYTECHNIQUE DE THI~S

PROJET
DE
FIN D'ETUDES

. ,
Titre -E LABOR AT r 0N-.CWlLERO -.........-.~~~_ CALCU L
-llil..ÉBAc~ E · j EllE. (DE S )
...DES STRUC~D JClli..S

Auteur Ah.d~ GAC.~O


~,_
_____ALiouoe _J<ASSE __
Génie CI \L1",-=-L_ _
Date ..!~3~
Rejet
de-
+~n d'étuJeJ:> ..

tlQbota1~oo p-CQ9Wmm~
1un

Tktw d
Q~ calQul ~nttitact~J d'Çlo(lly~e
mQJtlNl<lll~ d<lj /~tvuctUt~~ ~n

/Wux d~m<?rJ~~QnJ;) (tL' Zb)

Auhwt~: ~ bloulo~e ço0ko


'. ~LlQUne Ka~~é
--.. --.- ......-
" ":':.." Ih.'Ce~Ut :br Jean Robert MU'tat
/~ouml''':l\e ..À6' MC1...· )q!3
lïi
.:

A mon )

epout>e

~ mee pO'cen\':>

A me':> ami":>

Rbdoulaye GAÇKQ
~~<=-~r:,

j 'ni es r 0 r e 1\ rJ
' .. J """ Ç> ~
OlIM)
.

J\;O(}~e: ~~
:..--

-s>

1 .-

1 ~

1
df~
~ J 4~ J~Ds.'L'l.nil ~~J"~",
un ....... '+~..Jb~ ..IJi"ltt>Jt n~
,
fltlllll, lA ~1l~ , (HllQ! {.nbpnb -i'''Jr''~ ~().~"llJ '1' >!\'Yt)/I"U2t JTI'" IIl')\OV

11' I~")J Ill" 'ntt O'tlJa} ) {~'"~ '1" "TlblAll\\.! ~ro.jJTI IATI'f -fZ' Iml~

, {'"o J11.l1"'l~'1.1 (~J S""'ry' ~:u aJ {li P 11"0 l~ .J " l''l'p0l'-J -


(~f'/'1O itp ;P"i~h) ~r"H:'11"r
, ~lIr lm ll::lê)
1
~ '1 "P()~ -
(~J'CI~,) ~r 1"H"'+-""-Jl:~-
?~,IP'I~,L.1 'f Çn, I J i "" 11 1. 'jl'\f°11 -
{-a"J
/
""or {llP lA o.l«'J~ ....' fT "'''j'l1l1 r 'Inpoll -
nl"'?~ blol.l~ &..j.JG~"'O:l l'ml'tr.> -r ''''Y04~~(Lo1 al ·
( Q ')

,...lh.l -
(0 a ) ~1I1"t<U .. ,l' ,1J"Xf ~ t lI</hl -
(~ ~) ~'.J.j. <-.:Q"~ -, " , J..Il>1i .. t<l~ -
l .pmb 'P 'Ji ..... 0101
: l .. tn:) ~~ "'rh]"... X' il JT\O~ n~"~J
, I..i l.q"'..al~ ~~1

. U)flle1
~~ .nn .
1
S'1A~11'\1'\.I.4."'r xmr

~P,/(~~ çllrn1~"~ ,
mb ~?l.\ns ~1
ii

-'

-r:u5le~ rro9ré~ i..;


~on+ n~> du +c:ùf. 9u'':
c.ertclI"r)u heu(,,~ > c.fr~"n~

C".U~"'Er'Hn~ ~Uf
au+rts

f>AYE.T
In~roduet,cn

60 u, 1Il\l.. rs el
.lu (.(I",~,-q"",t~s Q-t- Je'for"", .. h'o",. S""dnES ra'" lu ... truch.r.ns
CC .... r'b·e~ SOILS l'"""ho .. Je ~rce~ ';>l-..h·'1 ....... ~ .r4-/ou J~.,a""'·c:f"u.s,
conli'·....... e ... t ra.rh'cu.f.'Ü.. .... .."r
1
oi l' ~Wl ~'l1'\' r"Jr vd"uJe~ .e.I'e~ ,.er"-Senh~J.-)
,
ru. r lu \·l'\~''"I·oz.u.('J dt.s stru ~re.~ J u., Eluh" ci' ,.oq

Vdlw.r ""'d h"" .. ~l~ .


COWWll"tt r·utu Je u 9Ul' vr....1- J.'.ihe .Id", il n'.2.~1- p~~ 0-

F,ou.vc.r 1", l'\(.œ$.,'!-€' Je ~u.,'·r "~c.ol~ Pol~~c.h"'9U.€ J .. TllIlS


J'u~ t(o~(.. W\ ... e Je CQlcul Ce UrQ s.a".. d .....f i Itn r~3ra'"ltJ~

con",h''''", ...., J~l.ul- d'u., 1o,,'} hQ\lc.-! d" r.. c.l,lU"d,Q. \lu s.<l11

Gut-u-I- .,n"~I·"1Ut. .{;;:" *1-) 1.. '''l''Oj·.. t 9\0&1' l'lOU.S 4-'1- sou~,'s

1..01 rn>~rQ Ho1 ...... .le


J' Gl" .. I~~~ du ...truetures oV1 ~
uh'l ,"sa", t

c:.o"'~ h h..U· lU' (

bO' . . 9 U ( Jo.- rro~rU"'-"s r uh"'\>ah'"" ro.. .


frors J,'W\.... s1'o... s l ,'nl-t't>c1u c),'OI'l d I~"'"", ,,,h ..

L..s ~tf'r.."tu 1\oIA)d.u.!..s

Lu.hAn sJ- ,'", ~(Q.J"''o'' J",s d.c. ....~ cl.... /.. stru.c~u.re

e"lcA,d J4.'c..o1f'u·q.l'lh J~ rl1A~n'US Jt' r'·~'J.ite'

Q",\wl d.. l'ordH .Lu ~~~,,''''t ~ J ..s J''''''"''''OIH J,uA"".f


.i... .... (i-I,) ...cur ~
, ,
_ A~lQ"",~IQ~ .u- '~~(UnO" J~ \.. ""... /-r,'<,L- ~nen.l.
Jt \'" ,truàu.re..
c.eu dt< ch(l.... ~""tnh
Cc:olOlI <tH Je'r'.. CR .... €nts

~ttr"""·"'QhO" dQ.s +,-h d"IH IH WI€ ... Lrur~s.

.:
C'hClpitre ~ : Le ~roblème
Lt. CoI~ Pol'1~«.h"'·9u« Je Th,'e~, "-0. ~~efotu Ie.) a r'"'' VOUlh'ot'l

do( d"Sr~lH Ilthlü~lIe",H'It ~ dl1 rrot\1ouv~( la re.J,e.rche d~t'lS hw


/

J.u c!oVlilCÙ"'ts A{i(.,~'"~·9I1u \!lU ~'~e(cr l' Q..J"-IIJ«' Je /' ""'gen'·E.ltr.


Lo re.{,~Hc~e Je. n..ll·k.oJc..l ~rQ.~or;(.1 de c.a./eul dv ÜrucJu.ru
~II'IIStrll JQ.h\ o c.o.Jn 1u.o.nd 1::)1'\ stUt,•• la d~ ...,·... Q.t;., cieLS
1
Q..Ot\*r~•.in~û -tf J~f·Hl'\Qho.,s (Colllhfw 1 S~II) tUAI' d.ouh, l'e.~~(
ICi ~~ I·"'~ortell'lte. d.a.t'\-S I~ e..t)l\.et~~ J f --U.i'I \llu..\lrQ.~'
t
() qw' cidt cUw.l tuJ c.n..lhti'u.. lU1f nu'1-O'I v-o.'Q.LI~ du tn>jJ Je

~\l d' il c.(u .f.ll 9lWh'otl , a- !>Q.II~( l'dla.bbnlh'ol'l du ~ro~n:t"''''' t;L' 'l..,b,

OvJu l.t ~ q.w ~L. 'lb c.olld·,/u( \Ali .UW ~~ltr la re.Ju.rcht
dClk} I~ cl.olMclù" J(.) strv..lhArf~, r~ ~rv'ara "" ~t +9Itrr... ~re. d'u YI
Cl.~~()rt l'IlImt'dla~ CUl>C ~dral1~s, E:\1 -ef.{t.r, U' ~b s'qJrm-e Q~ dLS
.duJÙ.lkl> J...our ~1Ja.111-u~"~ J.t~ d:d(l(~ d~ uJcu1~ ~h'~'gul("
-r ~'
a.u'<"91.lId\ Jls ont h~'ou.o ûm+ron~~ au cours da.} kocu.l\~ ~~h'~"e.,
dt Sf1ll.J'ucu) ~h, .. Arvl\e' ~1- ~,>S ~tuJ:;h. M~h,",·CfU.f
NO~I\) 9\11, I.>-U ra 110(0.'/-.01'1\ lt froC(jnl""''''1 he .... ;uu,Jt t eu 1/:'QtQ~~
,
JQ Ht'orl't\ h-o~ ~ou.u(O QAr J SQ I>oU4J sl'",,~I~ d' uhlr's;"h'ol"l .
~u 10 tl(ltuff d.tr troJ~~ 1 a' Sia.VOI( a..~,.'I·ULt~ çf"'l~I e du ca./eu.I t>\llnft,ftl
l , \
(Mtf-kodl lU} cAt~lo.\J"'«"~\ J ) W CUlS ...· 10 Ca~a..uh· +ri.! 1'·t\Ild·~~ cL.
~.ÔJ taltul dl l' r:: c..ol,) 1'~IJ'l\ot""~ cL..'~i ..tUt /a t"uhe.. !douro cu
,
t\I'i ... u rni~s) MAlU-1 .vuclr·e.ron> tulle..t\Ill ... t I~ S+tvcluns r'atlu
~/"r~tClh''1\W J,o.r~ da.lI~ latr ~I Il. tI •

t?ur (M'II~rs , 1J tw~nU'. , ... .I' M h'~t1~ ~t'I c.o",~h qUI r~s d(/~rlHll.lùl'U
c;f..l W et l'e.n.,rt ~rMCl.1 .u- cw 1'\1..0 ... 4111 t -p t.:J-"51Q. ... ~

.3

Ji _ ' , \i~e~'
G ene~
L~~ rfl'l'1('\'P"'> d~ 6c:U~ Je \0 WI€tk.od" ~<\tr,'u'tll~ S~,,+­
.fol'\J~.. .......r- 1" CJ<> .... "'''rt- J'l.:lat....... ""t (chsc~h~Clho.,) dG.l ..+nlLhru
c.o",,\>I.Q)l't') .e..~ l.l" ur\u.·" "'0"" Ln JIl U:> m ~OSQl'\h. ~o..,t chCltu ro

des s~h4U.e.s ~V\ll~""U.U Rxrrt'm:e.s


r
LAro.J"e'... fsh'9U€S .cl- 1-ev,)

y mc VI1Atn'o'e"e - Ll1.s VI1Atr(e.ts c.o""tCl.3...,t€-5 c...orrQs~o"Jo."t


CWlt d.i~e"ho il:\')\ 4>1 t! J" 1Col ":> tn.o. J ••n -rw~ t ct.... oI', . ~.h-e
cl Il> blocs
scJOtl JfZ.S ria 1u bLI"Qj)
, ,
,>hlll.h.ln.tiu clv ~sht"'R rul.. 0" nJu..} cl..n..," u., f'n:>L/..t w.t
,
e.oV'\~lt)(fZ,,, -t-l'1 UM Sllfl'€ dll t...-ol/ll~"';II} ~CUL...,"t tlJ.s ~' . +'o
Le::;: cV\cr:h'>Clho.., .,1" 1.. Sh'tA,Ltu'f'1I rr"'fl-h' Q UJ1 .. a"QI~~
rr PI/.Mtl.n ' cl':~\tQ.h'ol1.s c;l1?'~n'9\(V h",\.\IJ.r,.,,~s
.: Il "st ~lA.t~~ a k.<1-kr ~ If.i"~I"~'" ek'fer.....llho., dl/.lc;,
,>~J-ur' cV~crf'kH~ dLuna. a.t ~."d. a r >'\Me..<", cerl",.,k. 10.

1.. _ .I;,\-... ~"~ ~ ~\In_


,
Nou.~ d".ASh'l'\~lM'I\~ W U) .d..~.s c;\ s.w\'ft t",ur +ruJ:i(
U.tH ~tn.lLhHt cl' l'a.. . d. da.. le> \o\.lIl'{..k"dC!..

GI_ D,';;ç,ri-!'"I'Saho" Ji ~stru.t.h. . r!.


1\ ~'a~,l .I.e ')u,b d-ù)\''>.er 1Gl OS tl1.A.t.h.tf".l1. .l2.n ...", urhu'", ""nitr(

,
e.a.ra.J'~If'l'sh''111l5 ~lU""'9lA((; .Lu t\oIo'/,e.- t'd'/... lli/.

r:')(e",~I{: Pour IQ s+ruc!'Ur() .12.1'\ .fert\olo cl" CAJns ~"'l ~'"

clI'mt"s,'ol'l) ) 01"1 u hl.'~€ des ~Ie'rne... h 1..ll'\,:d"Wltl'1!"O" ""h .


b. c..~ 01)..
1?ouf cha9u~ ~Jt/r'\'lQl'\t, ot'\ Ch.""SI'~ I~
c - Calcul de..s J';~"'ll\qho,,}_d" qmtrw'..hs
II ~ ~J rctr dAftt'r.t... uaho"l G\ Fr h'r J.f.S Jll'~I,ue...,.t."ts
cl _ Matrl'CR. cl" na,dll"/ .Ill lJ~le'Il\Il"~
e'~t 11~1u~€. I~ r11.U IM~o,.-h;(I\~{ .et \'" ~lt.u J..'ft,u'l~ ~.R"l..C1"-~
la ~IIL~ C.fI'~'·9U.ll.. I?ov.y ,>" (..o ... ~tn.o<,ho,,) IlYl lIh-ll~ ~lu.h'w.1'"J
~~'~k.oJu ,k,t ull~ dll C:euh~I''al1o
Il - A-S,HM~IQ.f. d.r<... ~~~~ ... b
L~') 11AQ.~n'u.s Jll..~ chWC!l'Ih ~e'~Il"~J dQ la shuch.,.-, s,-f"\t
, ,
e:uJ{i'Vlbl~ ru.r U'U-( lUI" l'"I'I.a.frl'CI ~";"-al.e .L' e:t.S.JR~tlaf
.es~ ~' J>,uf l.t.p 'f-A'; ch aCfW noeud~ Qiï JIlS ~"'Q",b
C)~~ Jtt11'~, \0 \ro./w.r J.t., J~'rIClU'I1.4~"'~ ~t- 1......... ;IM' t 9u. r hn.J /11,,1

:J~/~~\A.~5 cl Cl ~lI.UJ .

f- SO\lIh'o ... dll} :9lLo..h·ol1.) ~'I\M.IIh:.Y111~,


811,1 ~ ce fù('o rr tkhw.o ~t- QI/~
.....J l..i,..odQ.S
dt ckol~s~.. Il ~ M-01if 'toUR la. "'.aJ... o ~ n'r<ll'~/
\ ' , 1 1 1
~r ~Q.nQ.fGl ~~IH\~ ~"" .. tn·1\u ~ t>-c:l .... d.«I.

~ -, c.a.! e.u.J.1 XI ~~/.c/I\4( K.ku're.~


la ~luh-C)h JIl~ SI.'rlLa.h-ol1~ l-I-QUJ J..n.,lt4' I~~ d(I'~laul\4(a\.h q~'
Servi('l)kt cr ~ IlI.if I~~ J;~(I""'Qh'o"s ~ co.......nv·..hs
, /

h _ Int~rr"-eJ~h'o'" J~ r"UtllhJ.- ,
(i'\
l::'QUr"
l' "~~t1I·.wr/ J 1
.\'a~~ - '
J'e.voll.lt-r JI
UII'
.-
""'IHu,U~ LI -/I.!
~ -

lu r~ulh.b d' OrclÙ\ll~ULr.> a..~ .. JJ1 ju.fr t:Lt. Je.~n/ Jo ~"-~U-'SI"'''


Il-~ ~r c.oh~~UQ.,t Ù la f-G\L"I,~~' dl) :>0.... ""'--oJilc .
?- Car-O-t,h.'n'sh"p&u JC/. \'~r~w~ l:QuJn
, ,
Un I2.re~.(I.\~ t0u..tn d'ul'l~ shU,th.t.f€ /a l1 .f ~~r}/-..t~ll~ t
(Jt WIll lam drc,'h d C1 IOl'\~t.\.(r L, J€ HM>d.u1A1 d.'e.1aJht.lh'~)
JCI S~t.ho'" b"1>va,..sal~ A) JQ lo\M>lM4l.f. d'I'ou,rh·, 1...
J~ la shu..t .hMt so ... ~ lr\·h..t~ cku.u
u.~ I\IIQ'Io.1 tla., Ch(;o.9u~ b<urt .es]- CDJcu.h'n·s~ fc"
UM orl'~'ùH «f-n'"",,·f-q' j (h "J') . eJ 01- ort"Q.,fà
Ja~) I-'! S~I'1~

~u, d" stru.ctu", co... Jc/f·","1- u",


ch 0. 9\.H> b.a.rTL
1

~!>~iMJl d'c:uo> ioe..a..u... CL) ln' ",- uJ ~'..e/J.\o\Jll1t .IlJ Vl'\ tl-I...LI,l

5a rM.ltr"o d" rftt'J,t/ \<:l c..a 1.1 [Ic.'J.. <91'\ +rnh.lofvrl\o.l

.e.:,,~w'h aH.I_ u· ta' UhJl ""otn'(.t d" roh..h'o... L~J J.~ .... Cl.. 'Ù'
~ 1'Q)(~n'""H tar mrrrt 0- u.. ~sl-il'\v ~I-ob2 CG) lit' "",-
la sh.uJu..rt; ()\', obhe"'~ (;\Ior} la ~Clt'l'U ~lQbQ'Jl [k] Jo(
l' hli~H\~'
C9h r~ J~ /"0 c..ol1.5+rUÙt I~ l-\A.Gt~r"Cl' d~ ro~'d...t+/
~~(oIJl [G 1 d(> \.. ~trt.ll~Uff 1:x;tt'" ~H bl"'~J . "'" .Lllb J."{f~
twGl\~'~ lk) l 'CQ.lt.u..I.H I~ 1'1\l.Ql<l\l.l.L\ C)'I'IJl~«tll:fU.c,> (4Ialtll.At....~)
.cl- I~ 4rr~.-. J..a.u, 1"1 1"'~1\II€ cl '(;\>('<> 'J-tobcu..>e.. PC>l.t.(' .ç.,..c.·h'tp,..
l' "l\h(~,~kI~ vtu n~IhJ:;,( 'Ç-h.bl.J~lHIAJ J..~ dAa.J~I4o""" J..~
0tt(\t, J1M\.~tw ... ) b ~v~o.",b .Q} (\iI.Nv ~ ..p':t.~I'~)'H'\ b )
CWJC -u' !)-pl t ~ \.1. r 1'\') t \'l Co< )(' /l...) 1., uu.t.oc •
~ ck<l'l'h~ U~II t.ol\v~..,ho~ U.hl'C;l.I~ dl;> 'in~ ... r.r
h-u..tl!.4 1.tS ~(Cllod.u..u.} du ~~ ~ru JJ- d""r/.. ~.
CJ.lI.AR ....

4 - A~Wv}.hoh li UM strucfu(, r~~b&'1\1J cJ,a.r~'~


Jam tlh t'ail

l.t.l Jd~'Q.u w€ .. h Ho dClAM ~t- A..,.. ~1 e tif lü ~ r<J)· fwc:la.l~s ~oub.,


F" F'1'~~ .
lv JCûS'S (.I.8,sso"t- -R." +l""lLl!e~ ~o,,+ n.,.,~Ia.~ ra.r Jo ~r~ hodQ.(.t..5
r

stAh"9U'l'IItn t- ~u"vClI GMI~t.)


,
sol"'(.\·hc 91.l ' li Sil>

[l( u",,~lt: Ba", ~~I'>0rl".,,~ u." ~~ .....~ U.""~,,,,".i ...,., l-


r
rt ~Ilrh't

jununnnnsu 'II
~ L J
,
,~--,-,--=~,,-Iw..;.;..h e, u ~ lit e ft ~ "Cf lU Va, tn ~

r ,
)'\oJQ.IA>( ,'nhr(cz.u.r~ cl, n't"dd.' ca.rR.J(r"~Q"~
,
~ "~"'UU1l-."~ "Q.~ ~":k",,,,&,,t lu VlLJ.u.r.rs

./1.1- Jas J;~''''t&'''.,,~

~ .. :

.J- d' un, ~'llù.(rf «II ClIo.)" , .ùI J) 01'1 F~ .Lttl'r, r' C~IIC:f'U
~rrr).LW! IIHhi dl ICI tflQt~ rrtt- c1;~IA<I"""'" ~&J= [kH~j

l. \lm" troLl!"", ch",


J, ç,l (;1 ~1tI bclt",
tCh~~,"tce.- a: f.1~l'l'len~s cI,QISI'S tA- ChC:H"je ... e.nts •
..f - ksCfl}bR.tI
Il Q ~h' rfUIIHs 4 ~~u ~Ie''''en~.s 01 5<:l""';r

,
Bc;tff, b,·o rohclc.G

0 0
h J

Px.rff e:t.r h' U1' ~~ Q.I, h .. ~ .ell(.u~rt'f ...


J
0 ~
h J

';a rrt .Ill'\C c:uh'Gt .,,,, 1.., (If e:t.rh·w'~ hJ'

~I----Q

h J

IOs.sQ~rrs, ht,-l"s a r'k(.•,tI.~ 1 ~ - •• '1 W ' t.O"shhu,,+' ..t h ~ ",:..., I.e,


Sm.L~Ufl' t la •u , ~ 1-'- r s nrt "'1"1.> c~<U'~:.. da'U 1....,· f'.. . . .
I '
1- M~~f1'c' .If rit''',H J lU" .JII~."~ Il'' c:ue-.} 10C4A.ts
2..-"" GS:,,'.... HU
1

A~rl,) o..vc\( Gl.t's(.Hh)a' ICl s hvcJu.r, r~(/."4 fi ~'Ct~t ~Cl,·"tr~ ....f- d..
)

J ~b rl\<,'lur 1.0 MAllf ..·u ) df r"'â"d"~"~ J" scu '1' .. 1-s


~Jl"",
-
LQ J~r"""· ..,,h·o .. d f olle f...;r, l'r;o.,'c1.. J~ FI.v~ ........
ke .. h .. u
t- f s.. èt

t Qr...,' 1.t}cf'lllllu Oh twl-- ob,.:


M~H...Jf J f Co.sh5/·"~o
Solu.h·o ... d'J''1''Qh(l~s c/"tr~hFO"tJ
.l)l\l~rs"on dt la t"tIClh'ol'\ tom. JCl'~'eu.tM'''~.
~Cll\S 1« <:rIA... Je (Il ~roje.t-) I~ ecJtu1.s su·~"t ~s Cf 1'~'J.
1c:l41Q ~d-l..od.Q ~tQ.~~"CjIol~ dll CcU't.'8t,Q.t\o) t«... v9,d.iwant
la ~IIU -f-.. . .
I..a, i0\t(' "CU"YÏt ..k.e.ou. cou ,. \..lt-~x..'t d.CllU f..
Q..rlc:lu dJs CAeH> J, ShuchuQ.) .

~s ~ la ..,Q.h,'u dl l"\·~d..·tall -'!." \lulv d.u -f.k..r;M~ d~


~~) ~t ~M;~t"'i""
2-b Me~ücu [k'] du c1.4~('&I\h btf't, d'''/Ql'llc.. b
Mot.: Now 11.0\1.) ~o(,t\aro~s &- Q}( ~o~r lb C41cu1 s r\lf 1Cl! ~r"'''_
1\",,"0\'1 dll 1.. "-cok\.lU [k'] .L. htl"" ~ , Q.a.r crut- 141' 1", bOrT,
o,»",t.. rt la ~) ~'n:r.J ... 1
1
1
.~~
E, L, A, 1. 1

i
j
1
i
~91
t
Aa, 1

rA~,
\
A.t, 1

F~
f. 1

.)1
Ft

- ~~Ie:u.t1AA.&Uk lu,,'l.ùr, J. 41..=' , lu a.uJrb .d.a..f-Jua1.


1

~~I
dn
Jw _ dw ::. 0
~ - d.f:A
---------I~

'3 G
Ao,''(c
~( Ç,,) t( FI)
f l Ll
!.L
?
4
~

F,L i.L A
e.l a..

JI.O : ~d =C> FI :: kil: 9-


e.4 l-
~Hï

fa L\.
c:I\JJ
-
d{:t.
:::
-Fa.
~
L~
+ -
2.~
=0 .:::t> -
l=~L
3
~
l=s
t..
::0 ( .i )

Ju) I=z, L" F, L F.. L


-':::1 - -+ :Q =b ~ ~i '::Q
(Z. .\ )
d~!> ~ 61 l-

Fs tl1-t' s.. 1HIl1 ..... ,. d.<:il. ..., (.0 .Lt 0., CIl :

F"L 1=1. L
:= Q Ct "rw
.3 4 )
9~R l.t ~~ Oll 1=1.::' '" 1>0'" ~~.: C>

G}rl>~~UU Q~" ~or~') no~I.t.è:tu".cJ- 01'\


'1 rr:w Q.C.l'l( ..&'''Iu... h.....} d'A."Iw·\,'bl'••
g.,
"5~J·~: 0 ~ F, .. J=4 :'0 "=t> 1;... - l..

r MC!>:.;o =t> F6 =0

1: t1t :0 ~ Fs = 0

~
t=; w: "-II = '-
F2. :: k loI -- ..
F!, :; k\\ :;,

~= "-41 ~ - a-l.
I=s= k.SI ::. ...

F& ::. IL"l ':. ...

JIU _
--
dF,

--- -11 ~
~I'r ~G-
4""'f
f<.~ ..) f(F~)

-Ft.L
2.G!
1.-
~L
!o
~

f~L
-
ei
::iL
l-
-1

dW FIL
----.; =
- ':: 0 -t> Ft : 0
eif, ea
d\.IJ
dF"
:: -f:~L~
~e:1
... Ft. L 1. ':. 1
2..&1
( .i )

-JUI
cH:3
= -F1. L" ... -Ft.
'2..~ El
L
::. 0 (U)

~ ( li ) F~ .:- -F1- Lz,

~'\.Ll ~1. LS El
(..\) -i' - ~ 4~
- :tl F (i_i.):
'2. ~ AI,
--...
L3

r-
r~ : _ Il..él )( L ~EI
__
2.~' L"1.

Le: c;U.&..SoJooo' 1~ r I.I;-w.~ ~'I~ ..I~c>"'I'loI.CU~ r~os. ... t.è:tu.,.Jo l-C.J


~UQ.~"K) (J',''1w '''' Lr, S'''H~1'",r t-ov.r r~G"IIcI"Q ~, rr. F6
'l..F... :: ~ ::z$> ~4 -::. 0

~':.-Q -=) ti-= -- 1t.e:1


L.~

"ffi1 ~ ::.- 0 ="'1 ~= -~


L'L-
\

d~
-JU!.

Jw
-
JF;
=-0 ~ fi = 0

dU) ~ L~ F L"L
.-!.- -::"0
...1:.- -+
dF", ~El 2..E1

c!W oF1-L1. F\L l "2.1)


--
dt:~
--+
2.E:I E::\
=-,

hi. l.i) i'\.o vs c:Ll·d.u....so"'s ~v.J' ~~ = ~


~
oz.
('2.,' ) F1. L 2. Ft. L 1-
=t>
2.€:1 3 El
-
~ J=l.. l ~)o= -ElL"L F1.':: - 6e:1
6 L"L

".

~ ~(O Lli \AH' "s"~'""""''''lv.r Jl-t- V.h"I'"SOl"lt I~) e"'(uAh"ol\'>

d.r.. ~u..-lt"Ln .> '0'"

I:F-..:;.o -='1
)

N'1!l: 0 \"1 .t.-o CJI·JQrr>I.\°t- d., 1.. ~.u.r IC$


1

J Q plc:u..r;"M\!s
f..,. ~ ~
1
proJ\A..I'h ,;; Il C1\.\.h. lUC:hQ ~,·tQ' 1
Clt 0 r'} , SClU..)

""'o.tn°cùtl1e :
EA
T o o o o

_ILEI
o o L\

_ GE.l
o
Li"
o -L'L.
ElEf
-J..
l.EI

K'1"-
o o -E4 L
o o

o -Gel
Llo
o 11. el
--cr-
GEl
L'Z.

_ 6EI le.a 4EI


o L2. L o L

• ~p.e 1.
su IVQ.I'I t- lo

tA _E.A
L o o -
L.. o o

o o o o o o

o o o o o o
• r"lP'! 15"
EA 0 Cl
_EA
0 0
T l-

3EI _~EI -~
0 ïJ" 0 0
Li \...1.

0 0 0 0 0

K~:
EA
-
_liA
L.
0 0 L
0

0 -~
L\
0 0 -
~EI
L..'
3EI
L2.

0
_
-U·
~E.'
0 0 -l-1.
~EI
-L ;~J

• T~"e 4

-

L. 0 0
_U
l-
0

0 -3E\~ -
_36\
Lt.
0 -~
LJ
0

0
-Llo
_3EI
-
~E\
t, 0
~E1
L.1.
0

k'4 ::
lla
_e:A
L
0 0
-l-
0

0
_3E\
- L.~
?lei
Ll-
O
3e:1
~

L~
0

o o o o o
Id'

s, J)~terminQh'on de. ICI MettrIe, d" rolzlhon [À]


2ol.U"" IQ Ja-.., Yl\I'''llh'on d li lÀ] On raA d'un ~)('C2.ft'I 1>10(

sl'WI~I~ d1unf ~rt.el. F

X
F.,
,
X,V SOl'\t le.> c.oordo n nus ~ QXa.s cr~Q,UJf ( G)
r
1.1~ sent tu Coo rJo \'\l'1Ii.U 41\ QlCt.~ loceu.uc ( L)
b(.: a,,~lf VItre Gtl(e,s 10 c.cw..c .u- <:\Xe..s ~Io I.cw.x

Lu <;.oSII\\lS .l.'rww.n de. 'L oUI n.1Q.h'of\ ~ X Col- '1 sont Coso(

2<V"" trQ.r\1~rl'l'\"hol'l tl"\'~l\o,"ik'\''t"t) On \1nt~I(~·.


1=.... ::. J=)( CoS 0( ... I=y ~'" el
F~ :: _Fx S1'" li( 1- J=y cosIII
~t ~\l} ~rmo M"t""Cl'e.II€:

Fl.

Fy
A;:. Cos 'lg( + s .." 'l g( =,
, l
(-1) CoslC (-4)1 Sin III -~'"o( l
cosl( )

1
0" toh~t"~t 'lUt oc",rec.

et1r+!.\) ~ r1Cllt
,
• bdiarJWIino,,~ n\Q.I·l\t<L"~"t L~J ~oltr \,.ln ~{rl1Qn+- J( 6' cl<L8~ clQ.ll·b~r~/

L....-----_ _-+x

1:." S.tl b...hU.t ~,.. 1'~_~lt / '.1


~ncG. en" ""
, , Q :

At., ::

~,
At, CoS li( ....

:. - /),'1., SoI'n cl 4-
A!i
A'~l
l
Sol'" Il(

Coso( ::;.
; 6.,
A~I
1[~,. :: - ~fnll(
~'nl(

cos 0(
0j '4\,,
1:1 X
~

4~1
9, : e', G, 0 0 1 9',

On Q 1A,L.\ = t).,))(' Â 1(;}

~ ~lJ= lÀ X' A 3 t1 t G
..,
f:" ~rQ~~OS<l"t 01'1 obh'~l'\t :

/ •
6-'1 C.o~a( 'f1'lQ( 0 0 0 0 61,
A~I _51'rllI/ c.o~ 0(. 0 0 0 0 6'
!II

9. 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 &'1
': X
Att. 0 0 0 CQS~ l'\'nt( 0 A'"l.
6.;" 0 0 0 _~1'no( c.œl( 0 A'~1o
&l. 0 0 0 0 0 -4 e~

, .-
0" a dol'lt. ) ~O\tr un ClQMlIl'lf- Q iùr JCl~r~ cl ~ '.'LlIr!-e'

eoS'~ 11'1\0( 0 0 0 0

_.&1 ho( CbJ 0( 0 0 0 0

0 0 A
~] --
() 0 0

0 0 0 Co.i1< S1',u( 0

0 0 0 _J.1'Ila( ~ 0

0 0 0 0 0 -4

G-I{lll\d Oh n~Q.rt df la n.lah·ol'l ~= 1<6 01\ q

~ ~L.):: l KL]x{ Â L}
~ FI>-~:: l\<ç] A(;.} = LÀ] \ ~ I=L!
li ,

~a.r O\dlw.rs ~ ~AL1: L)..])(i t1 crJ


oPl'\

br o~ ~ r:(T1:: L).)\ l Kl.1)( ~ 6 J = L~) t')( [K d [À1)( [ 6 ç] le

KG-: K . K'--- k )
1
Jl un IPrd-lnCl~eu.t Je ~Il.h"h" (?.CA ~...c..ih' (4r K) ) I\..OIL~

a- IQ ""''Y'I' It ~rl)JWr [K} = l>.j \ U~/Jl( [).J ) ex 9...·


, ,
~nJI.\À~ dOlic.
'" l'tl ......~e
~

A Cbd:i..t ~1'I\C\iiol'\ ""lU "ut~n"u., [K) J ..s


chfla.~ ll.I\ts kt I>&~ dr~:rlI(l."'ts .)

4-' Mat-r,·cll.s dl! r-ï ~" .1.'' ' ' 't'o bCllI ef
,
~l"I_ç cru lOI clotu""l'llt,'ott ""li CM
1Cl. ~rrrlltit [k]:: LÀ)t)( L\(')x LÀ).

EA
L.. )

e _s 0 0 0 0 .. Q 0 _t 0 0

S e 0 0 Il 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.. 1<',:: 0
x
0 0 0 C -} _t. 0 0 1. 0 0

,0 1:) 0 s e 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 Cl 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0

e1l 0 0 _ et. 0 0

St. 0 0 _ 'it. 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

_et. 0 0 e.t 0 0

_St. 0 0 Al. 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 C>
e.:t. 0 0 _Ct. 0 0 <!. ..& 0 0 0 0

At. 0 0 -~ .. e 0 _A e 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 tl 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 0
[\(,,11: ~tJ( ~I') x). = )(
_e.t 0 0 e.t. 0 0 0 0 0 e, ~ 0

_ Al. 0 0 Al. a 0 0 0 0 -~ e 0

0 0 1) 0 0 1) 0 e 0 0 0 ~

e,'L ... eSt. a _ c1. t _ est. 0

es t. \ '\.t. 0 _CSt _ Sl .. 0

0 0 a 0 0 0
[K t ) = _ et... _Ut. 0 e.'\.t,. e.s l- a
_eH _':. "' .... 0 C-s ... ~'Io l- a
0 0 0 o o 0

• T'3~t.-4
tY\ troœ.bl" d(l 1CI
A
- If ~,.. oLh'lI"~en
"'.. "'c "" Q.n ,"c t't 9u.c ~ .. u.t 2. ) 01\

~O\"" + -- ....
~
L - )
12.61
L.' :'t ) 6E1 L.'Z. ... '} --
2.~
l - - Il

1
c2.J. + 5t.~ 1 es (l-!I) $)- ,_ tt.1.'Il"'s\~): _ e.J tl-ft) : S}
1 1
es ('l-'3) 1 S'"...... t.\ -~ _ es tt-'6) 1 _ (s\.~ oH'" ~ li, _t.)
,
,,
1

S'r ,- tff 11l _ s~


eâ-
[KI) = 1
_ (t'"1.+ S"!I) , es ("'-'1-)
, _S} e1.~'t' s'L~
1

,
1

1 es ('A.-~ )
,_S}
1
\t

_ c.s (l.-~)
1
(s\.... c..\})' es (1.-'4')
1
1 ,
+ c'"~ C}
~ , st'l
1 _
1 . 1 1
1
1
_ e} .1
_ S} , C}
.,
1
s~ 1
\1. 1 1.4
~El _ ~ . 3~::1} •
posons ~= ....> L:"- 3El ::u
•'!'tt- Q
! : L. ) U- J ~

C\+S\.11 es (t-II) 0 ' - (c.\.H"U) : es (u-r) S}


C.S(l-U) st).+ c1. u 0 es (U-1) , _ (c;. ... 51.1.) _C}
1 1

K~] " _ (ct..


0

+<0'1.1/ ) 1
e

es (Il-"l) ,
1
0

0
0

c.1.'(. + s'"u
1
1
0

C.S(l-U)
,
1 0

S!'
,,,
1 1 1-
c.s(u-l.) _ (sl.. .. c\.u): 0 ~s (x-u) st-«. ... C1. q 1 e..~

S} _ C}
1
1 0 _ s} , e}
1 1 ~
• 1
t

•l1tt~ 4 : POlO" S El:: 11. 3~I ='1 ~EI '= } , ~EI - u


- -- L 1
L2. > L-'-
1 1
, ,
c.\. S'"Il 1
1
C.S('l.-u)
1
,,
s~ 1 _ (e'"Jl+ 51.,,) , _eS(l-q) 1
1
0

CS (x.-U) S1.11 + c1.q _C}, _ull.-\.Il _lS\.+t'-q)I 0


1

[K 41=
S~ 1 _ e}
1
't' _Sir c.} ,
1
0

,
_(t'.... s1.U) , _ CSlI.-l() 1 _s~f , ~'I.l.+ S~
, CoS (l-U)
1
r
0

_cs('l-ul
, 1 _ ((\.u + ç\... ): e.~1 Cs( "-'1)
, ~'I.'(.'t e'"u 1 0

0 1
1
0
1
,
1 01
1

1
o ,
, 0 ()

5. ~)C~,",~Ie. J~ calœll de Mlltrl'U.. 1<


50(~
1" sh-ttclura SlotlW'Cl"t- e :

'te 10l&N
~
C

'Ill ---+---..X

E. :: , 4 \ L
2.00 Gfl", ; \ : S'O l 0 ,., ; A: ID W\...

'-"CC I;S" ", '1


· b~( NlI'I\Qh'o" ch ll.4B

l(.C4):o. '((,\)::0
)

)( (1.) :: 4 i '( (t) :: 3

T~~ • .l·~~lWItn~: T~~f"


4
-::. 0.11
S

': ': O· (;

'l( - -
E"A - - _
::. 40000
- l- -

Gx 111" s-Io-"
~= ~-=
L'\.. S'"
~ 140

t
~lo-6' ....
~- U:: -L
te:'t ::.
b 1.lb "
~
400

A~r~ cèl CALI ~ Cl" obt\~.,t :

2.S'6 ~4' c ,qIB·q 144 _ 2.S"6$4· <; _ IQlsi· q 144

A'tln·q 14461'4 _ICH, _llIln.q -144'" 4 _IClL

-'44 _lllt io\) -144 1cU. 4~o


lKMl: _ ,ql n.q
-1..H.\4., _144 'J..5'~~4· , -1't,J"&·q _'44
_Iql n·q _'44(,1·4 Iqr. -IClIl"a.q 144"'4 1Il 2-

144 _Iqt. 4~o _144 IH foo


2.c>ooo 0 0 - Z.OOO 0 0 0

0 2-4 _ 1 Zoo 1;) _'2.4 _\1.0

0 _12.0 fOo 0 \ 1.0 400


L~BLl = _ 2.0000 0 0 'ta e e 0 0 0

0 _ '2..4 11.0 0 1.~ 1'2.0

0 _ 12.0 400 0 12.0 fOv

6 - t.x ~w ~I.t dQ c:a.I cul ~ c..e~ ruter


\J,r:( B l'l1t ~ ~ ""-rlit
t~\l.r 'Q.~ 1'11 e lVt ~
ct 1\ IHl( Q

( A-lral\"ll("~ MQl..c.lrLLf' A.~ ~ M~l\.A l, \.lrf J

MtlU.~l"\.l.rt lt. :; Mtw~tt.lrt 2..

1-10~t J,,' 01\ V2.U.J falCp U".f ~C1k"" CO"" ~Qrn,"~"oh (l'th,
r
(t.\ h-fI1.<H J. /'" lu(l.~·"'CJ dQ r.: O"<l,-~, ~(,...(, c"'( CM(/' "t r <;

"" ().A'" tJ au", cd c.J1~ CU< Col<-~" Dr, :.P ~J~ ....... rt '~t. '.(r
-
œux c:..J ~ts '" ).. 1.... "10 t"'-r k w.. J"o 0 Cet...r

(0' > .1. uJc...J 1<.<", ... lA~1 o~


"" J1)C' r'T""~' E- ~ ..kP" ,R."
t~~ cl cJuJ e:t.<- Col-- ~(,.. t. 21q- Pxt'r,·..... ù Pc.,
'" Q,
A~r~ <::UI"1'Ir trc:>u.ut' /.u l'l'Iatnus d rl'~dl'I-v', l':krr ~'VClt\t(
Q

Jo.t\S "cU1l111.fH (S~ d. CoII~I'J~rQ.r Iv chargf.S S;.u.r /0 struL!-urCl'

1\ ~t ~!It~ CooMl'l<o.lQ 1"'1I"'l'o l ll""t 'l t JQ ~Q"'Q( I(!~ c111~} ~


\'tQw.ls .At lu c~o.r~ w-r ICI} M~",LnlfU se'FrèlViCllI1- La ll:V~o'"

~t CJW liL} C~(l(~ CU),>(" ~ds RA- (4.} eka..r~ ku' II/.} ""tM brur~
l ,

"",t trw'hll~ da c.L'He(Qrt~~ l'l'Ill''''UIl.l:

L~} dQ.r~ GU.\.>< IUlWcl s s",t rrihu tG'.Lr ~'a.\RI0111.,l-


l'rn~icAl'at ota "-51 U~ ~( dq clC1-f'f ") h\Q.A'S l,> c~CLr~ ~r
I-Cb "".eMb'1A.rQ~ ~t- ~H~~ .2t1 c.oMrl-e .e.., calULICl.Ut- 1(/) r~h'olU
9\A .i1\.Q}
1
t..-oJ.w:it",r c;\..U,J( l'\..&Wds. eu r~o",s I:..tu.VQ"~ .e~~-n
l'hQ trn",s~r~ll.>.R.W\ ck(L(~ ~'9\4.\·"",I~""~Q..s II..odGlICl..S.Q}
, 1 /
Coh4I,.,·"QU cu,.el- le s c-f\.Cl.r~ d,'ruh"'CltIt ""rrl,~\..t(4.,) ~
~~.
1 '

~} t'Ca. c1\o"" ~ cJ...a.? J .Q..I'\ +ra..v~ Un>\ 1- J.ili r ......'"cl s


,
rar IR.~ lu": H..odll\ h-r.d..'·""014 kA U.J d.e c.Je.u..1 C.·u.:H...,dA d CI 0uh~lltI-
Lw t"''' «'Qw~I.)
4 ~t , dlMo!ol u.~ r-1HA.U:t.( mw.r} ~~l')l.wu
d~ ~ ~~tiLW k.cJ (L). kiGW ~k> ~ Ill.,} ~~""lM.Lr
Jow I~ ~~~i .......... ~I.okl CG-) . .Q- " II.
&- ChQr3(l.n"len~s
t-J .. ~ odl~ ~'IV I.c.'\o ecu d~ cla..rc~,u•• ~t'\t.J' le:. ~un c..eu.ra..,h
• Casl

, Llti ll!! Il! " L

ltr~ t Fe;
Ft ' Fr
L L J
Fr Jo' ~c; rr 1........ f-koJ(/ ,"",~L.·.,It.

dv
-1.. JIl~'"
,
~h"~I'Qk.o Q.,M(; la CO'\< J...tw,;, .1" ~It«-Ij ~'~M'" :
u""c..~s bI l =0 Jr~ Jw;:: dw,::.-o
)
dJ=s- d.fr.'
..eT to~ ~1oW'f;, '['4~o > L ~= .. ru.r ~u.var Ji Jo çJ
k.ll)\I.~ e:tlClIl tÙJ ""> c:w..e r~ 1f.cJ. t4....ill'l:ll\. n :

Ft.::: wl
z,

wll.
I='!l = --
It

Fs ': -wL
z

~ - -wl"
'1
• Q.o.s z.

F, = ,:~t [It Ol\.L ~ Co\' ( J- ~Q)J


f~- F,
Ft. = 4-
L

Fs -- -L
tuCQ
~
I:i; - J:J
L

t} ~p
FI
• Q~s 3 () r:,
& cH' L =L
L ..L.
CI ~
J
tF~ , 1=".(

MêlM' tri> uJG' 4U.~ j;-O\A.t 1" Ccl~ ...

.p", '1. b P«L 1.


F(; : 1-1. F~ : -
)
L1.

ft z:
f> b'ÜQ+L) . ~ _P c:.'1. (iL+ a )
L\ > S - L~
Ch.. ~ae~ 4: M~h,ce Gén~r",le •
.Ac. Trn~ortlln(Q de la "",,rM~rolu.h"ol'l dD~ IUWd.J clans le;
C()n~th"o"" dll la h1Atrl"tt inCl'ml,
La IYlAtrltf dQ. n'~"d'U de la
de ~w ft} é.le~enb tar n:t~rort
,
11 lfa dwX' ~ /'L> dll 4IlMuo-h-hol1:
- Ullf k.lll"l:ro\"'~ local, COtT/lS ~",J~Ht if "~III:"'I1"+ (cie A'" \ ~,. 011
(li ~ c(,'â'~ GU L'l..rh' (dell) I--r k1lWc/)
- Uh' k.uM:n:>~ ~~QI.t CorT~.1po.,..I.-.t Gt 1.. shuc..n..r•. 0",
a..fftl,, d' do~UJP JolI dll "~I; ...... ~ u., vet-l:ntr d'",Jr..w qw'ut .s-C'-l
lùlh"eh
~~al. Cr r~~J.' S'atlc:r"hr 10 rro 'Zita ""... t...,'
<-

1: lùlW1e'r~ 1Il ta 1 ~ JJI CU< kl'~ cl rl.ll'l k..eutl : d.o . .{.;- ~


,
V(1) : \Je..lk..U( c:l'Cldr~J,t d..u cM 1 l . 1W~C.n>~!.a , du UI

, ,
\JO.) '= ~(H--..l) + 1 a.u lu.eutl -« cl" l' ~fQ.~.Q.,.f-
r
V(l+b)=- ô(J-')+l CUI '"wel:r d" l'cl e''''lIk 1

. Nu.~~roho.hon ~~b.J~
\lU):. ~ Cl-' h\ :. 4
Vb.):: S
V(!l) ~ (,

V tHI):: 10

V U+1.h Il
, Il
'J Uu) ",-12
~l------~--"to
1,r 111
A~r~ u ca.\ CLl.l 1 1:> l'\ Itlle,.. ~Q.CfIl' '''~PlI cl.. 1.. lloIa.h-ù:.. ..1.. r't,'Jd/
l'
ca 1 b<4l~
1
0 k J, 1Qle~I"~ ~"'~ la ~a.tr"v G ScI.... ~'\I:" ce .... ~h

'.lA. few- 9U l LL I'l JJI 4!~~ l:.lo tt lA", ' .'" tI..ot'l, Au 1'\,'" ll.CW d '\.Ln 1\ 0 eu ~

0\1 ~ rU1to"trel'lt flLu,'wr> ~/''''ft\h 1 It.~ c.o",~,.,·W,"o,u cl", t,~(lt.U"


,
JI.Q.UJC 11'lI~ tu",ul~u

t\.ttl Utl.. I\IH\(~ro""'h'o... "l'It«lh%,,,~,) f.e~ i(rIMU de! f.. "'... ~nu G
~t f?I; ~~roJ,~ d.. 1.. ol"c\~.,Q,'e tr""l.oI·~",I~ u 01'\ o~k('"~
CU'lUi 1.&1'111 mCol trl'CI bo"Je~

~Clntr I\fu'",'II"l,'l,u 1" lev~( ..Ill (,.q",de, (\ {a«.t ~"':n>'të.r de


~~"t ~crtR e:p.v la clJt~(e"CI "'(lJ('I''''/tI, 1 u-- J 1 s~' ... ''''''l'I''f'I1l'S(l~
CO'l'\ Cl la. r 7'U-( cl, ~C"IJ,: N,:: (1 loi-JI +.4)-'C' ijbL
......
GUI« !-JbL: l\o~Lr, J, clt'lr~ Jp ~'I.tr~" r""r kMuJ: 3 ..l~f\J

~
t=-)( 012 WI el~:s
NI ': (
-
H+-:I\ + 1)

r r - - - - - - , .G

1.. ; 4 ~ 6' lO1of cr,ÙI' (x)


,
)( X "~~(n;e!,,1i S!l .1.11

x 'IC 'IC
'~~-Nl
X,
.- , <, ,

'JC ''IC • X ''JC


<,

''JC 'JC x" • 'JC 'l(


.
<,

X 'le X 'IC
,
)(
)( . 'le
~
1 PT 77",4

.A 2. ?> 4
)( x x x
)( x y. 'le: X

X ')(
X 'le )( X

x <, x 'le: )C )( '1(

,')( 'l( ')( }( x


)( )C ')( X

Ntlu) "o~n.~ 9utI 1.. 1CL(~(" ..le !-O\d. e.l~ "",'111'110/11. ~"lL"

14. Jo!! ~ Q'W''\ ~If dt 1W~:feho" ~I'\ te"" 1..


a.tfe.t
~(en\'Q.fo jUU~I~(O~ 11+ -J' II\.A.~)C ::: 2. .a.t- t0u.r \. . J w.'Ct~~ ..

, 11-- J 1~o.x '= 3

L~ cAA'""~~,'",, .,If \... M ... ~n·a ut N)t NbL le NI

ou Nu~ I~ k..olULr. d. k.~,h dll.lQ ~f-rtt~rf


~ "''1.:' N ... ""ilL II.,~ 1.
no,,".r. d 'f~ILa.""'o .. S
E?ol.lr 10 ~rocaro.MMAAO") c .. ~~ Lu",... 9'W d. sh.c.hr ~ UC'''I'S
~'" 1W.1.s ~~Ilr dQ k. ol'Q.~oncll~ ~rinl.lrR.11I. ..e.o te"4"\- c.o .... ~~ Je

la ~""itr;' dl? I~ ~QJ'ÙA G


2..- Mf\Q JI" rn'moln
La "",~,',,~ d~"~ Q .... di~~o~

( l.P"M S100 ) s l'b cke 14 'l'la.hl"œs Ir'a"f r'.. . Il''8,,e ) ~c;u.) d '1.(11'
- l f""curt
,. ,
\'VIeu\ ,'Rr, c'/Ut- ~ dÀ. r, Sou r LUit .s.w.1.t h:l..... ~ ee

~t .... 1:Jt

MCltrÙ::I fi !i f-o c.lcQ... :

do "-of.r. ~"üat) r S"ut.Ls


,II
c:lQCOllo 110\'1 dQ
1
rMU~olrCl

> k.o\L\ aNolU trof,t-e' dv }ur 9U.I 1.. lM ... tr,'u Cc;.JdQ
la sfruJ-v.rll lU~ bClPld:a (~t. u..,.. bOll 1'\0 l\.u"'~rCl""'ho"l).RI-
~ tot.t'fn''fl.l€ _ La CohU'~I.t"I\CW ~~ CfIU f'~rQ.{g noe'Moto.", fUJ\.U're

.e5~ ~IIU ~~h'~ r'~CfUl 1'01'1 l'If sl-och 914 ' '~~("'H t\4\'I

Mt h au J.eutu.s J~ la oVto ao ,,,tU tr'l'l4.u·~O\'.f (ou CUA JQ.jje>I.I))

\ ,
\

\ '.
\ \
\
\
\ 11- ).J,
~\
\
\
\ \
\
\ /

L·'t".. , L.~".( 1- ul"'


s.~~"1t :
1· J- ,. 3
[.
N, "', NI
NI: lar~r J, ~"Jt nl.f> t-t Lo 1\,) - 1f .
, ,
S, 0'" Q
rr 2.>C Il OM ,",If \.4111 f lMaJr"U ? "'11r'1l1 (. ba.... J:~ d"
<x.t n. Q'~" 'IUt d'o,..Jr, ':J ..Ai- de IlU~r b .Ill" .... 0 " c.c.h·!.tlf
ulf cû~r-~~ .La.,.... 'Ci ~ro~rQ ... "".. ho" ) a.u '''w d.Q ",,/-oe..&tlr
ctxq:: 81 krlM.B la ~QC.a.,·"t hln sh>(.b 91.t~ ~lî

s ~)(,I/W~'o(. dl! c:~.Icu' maillAi!

~'#- 1Cl stru.l1ltn dt la ~Q.'à" g 1 ( clClp. ~)

,..------- ~J.,~

, .
Nll"'Ho~

-, V<.~) =f
V(t) =z. v(2.H) = S
V l'>);:~ ~ " (~H) =.ro.

k("~r dQ ba."o:\(l: NI;:: ~ (..I ...A) =- .ç;


,
Au c(~~'·.·n 3 ot\ ct.v-cui- 02hLtt' ~ u,uJ'r'l'~ k. Je~ l4.\alI4~l"lA.rtJ
~ At ~
f ' "
LC' t.ua.trru d.e ,..,.C§,·cL·ft ~"fl"1lr.l dl!. 'Q ~~nutl&rl
1
da,,1- {e.

co",tr,LlI.tio'" ,."d,·v'·doall.( dol! c~Q.~u" ~J~Q""" 0"" 'f'A~


G ': 11::, -+ ~'\.. t0l.tr ""ll I\I.tIMo:"or....h'o",
~to\ 0.

r:
t. , 4 s c
1
~ Cf
,

lt6?( Iq'r& \4.4 -~6~ -IqIH 14.4


,
'~In

144
11446'
._---
_1'11.
1
1
-Iqz.

1(00
-'qlr~

-11111
_III v61 _Iqt
1
0
1
l'Il. ÂgU
1
-~(6s( -Iqln
",G]: -Ilf If3 _'"'' 1
4f6Jt
1
-'''II -'1.0000 0 0

I-,q'h _1111161 lCft _'''In, '''''1'1 'Tt. 0 -14 _11.0


1
144 -Iqt _I~v H , 2.0
400 1 1600 0 401>
---
1
_ t .. oo o 0 0 1 loC/o 0 0 0

0 0

0
-41
_Ita
ue
400
0

0
2.4
'--1
Ito

\1.0 1
1 800
-- ~

4 - ~)C(/M~'~ ch ca1eu.\ ~"'-,.. o,..Jr'ng.I14'"

VII 1'( q not~e. 8


,
f.J ok : M....I lA'~ t.'U" 1".> b-..lWs J~ G ca.! C4(." ..-
le;: !.4.<Q..I'..
f<'r
,
Joo... .-r-r r&~( ~ Cc>w~rt1"
e.- e.u.vo ceJ c.u1JJ :tl(.o CC> ... ~tu Ceif t::. JI'"
~r-~'I lIA. ~p" ~ et.. c..Jt.J """'...lu.... 1 J<.t .2" ~~
~s cl.. cJC4! ct..
~t"i:.u
ChoihcS': Risoluhol'\ du s~sl-ëm€,NIJIlh'on1- ~ethacle d~ o~o'uk •

1- R~~()lllhon d'u!') systeme dr:~",h'otl> 1,'Yl~'({A'r~)


Qe. rfo~I(- rYlQ r€IJ~~ UtlN l·l'I'l~Qrf,:.nu dQ.l\.~ \f~h.t"lt des ~!>~t"'(J
1'·"ÙI.I·re>. v.... :>""'" 91.1" ~~ru.Ju(. k.. elcu·r. 11 F-ù ~ t-e-n h..h"~

cru u+ f~<L rI' ""' ~1~ll'l111 J" 11


,
~\JC'\hol1.s l''I->e'w'rcs ~l:P-

na~ ~ It-~ '" 1"11\.0 h'lUt\ huJw·'>a.... t 1'.e9'IL,·ld...... des k...eu.~

(~Q'+loJ" AA ~'~'ClV""t"'h) :
ah 1(, .,. q,~ 1(.1-+ '" T Gl
1n
lin -::: b,
Cl 1.1 l, 't q 11. ~t -4 •• -+ '" z.n 1l1'\ = b'\.

... 1"

=
CI,,, <:4 ......

[A): rI1a~n'U' du e...e.ff"L(.eH~j


\B3 veJ:iu.r slôl..o>."l ~l/..,,"~r.
\)(} v.tJ:W.{ des ,'''to''I1.UU

Jk,....\ 1.1 co-J(• cl, ",-oh, rt-oJ·e.I'- 1 [GJ.lf.ra. 10. ......1,..,·\..1 dt.J

~1l~"Cffn+) {r} rI1Q.~"'·v .JQ.~ {-on" nt('e./~",+.l' IR. ~r ~!
~QM ~9 v- ~~} .,....f,.,·v JQ.~ J~rlau .... e...h s.t-~ 1.t ~(Jl/..~ I""~"""'r~.
33
L", Soluhol'\ du ~~te-..... ~ d·~4U.Q.,h·o"'> ~yq ~ t~H
ÙWl1rHol'I chn.th de la l'I-tClh";'(L JQ S ~.ff"u·e~t$ [ GJ
'ln. lIt~r) ~. It..s YI

10 l\ICA.f".u [GJ rI't.~~ ru~ ; . ~.'! ,. ;',,, ::\' ':.; Sr" ift.t ,,.; re ~J

(;tdhoe~ dii lor.s UI1( l'... Vf. ...s e [Gr· c:l~ s<>rt. CJlt (

[G ri [<;J~ ~ 1 [Gl~{~J

~ hJ: [Gr~ {FJ


La Sollth·.,1'1 dIA t"' li..; >\A ( .u

df 1''''''Vf.rSïo''l c:lll 1" l\Aa.h .. v JI? n'l"clt'h' ~ci

~l'·cc.hoYl ta,. /, Vel1t.u( , ~nu'

Noh ..) 9 u ·J ~Cl rlu.~\·w.">


-. .Ü C)t1 <Ac1o~~a.r" /0 ~~H'+k.oJl' cl..
lM " QM)( au c.a.1 cul

t- MdbJlI dl' C-hol~sky-


, 1

Cl - G-e.", e'"" 1.' h3


CJ;lrrù [A] cl" J".. . GI't) '0" (l'\~ Il) ~J Rh, t\4,'V
,
t~ Jw t J' li. ~.t k. llh·,. CI t ""a"~ l 't.A'(f (" ~ l'l"w.,,
~pfrl'" +rl",,,,~ ... lcur, ~f-t'","E.u(.,g [CJ. L}
'SI't\4'''~5 dlOld'01\ Q.U'(' ""'UI'II Jg.~
r

.... (~.·fn>.A·ru ..2." ~"Illl\t d<ntL :;h.


Avnl" )
q" Cl''L ... q,'l b" 0 0 ... 0 JI Yt " C!1'l
CI t, ~lt ~ tl-, b" 11 t o ... ~ 0 A .. ~
h
:: "1'
0

Cl" 1 "1 .. "


CI " "
bn , bli.· . k~ .. 0 0 - A

E" .llfrJ.vO.,t 1.. ""'I.dh~"c",h·o . . ,,+ ".. . l'J,,,,h·ta.,t- CtUQ.1. 1..


VI-! C1~no or"l,,,tll( [A.l 0... soo.d· J~tr"""'hLr 14-> ~I":",,",~j JQ.)

l'M~h,u.s frt·G4"~lllo.ùo j.~

~'-I

a-.() _ [ b,.,. <.


eAJ" -- r;'1
",' <::J
bù '

e. ...... ::: .4

ni~ lors (Ar' -- ( [B)[c1)-~ -- [c J-'. [BJ - 1

[bJ dt' le tlAQh,' o tn·Cl"'~I.lIC\.i... ""~;,·wr. v~


1
a.cro·I/Q .. 1-

A~r;> lIoLllh'r'l"C4lh'ol'l <f ..cl .... ". ~c...h"o ... ,01'1 oL h-,..~ FkQI" ....".. ~
IL~ fo o·" L> cl" 1.. . . . . J .,ü Lb] t«r I~> nl.. h'o ... >.
01·· =
•• -A
b· .
'" ...· .1

JAJ.' : - LoO"-A.
lr:, 1.,r JrJ.

JA~ = 0
3E>

.6~ U"II h'!Ah"u trl'Q"'â"'~r' ,'" ~~"~r'


bt-I.. ""'~ ...( r'I"\(U'112!:R) l' ""V.trJ( L~] .le? 1... """"hl'(.( tro'C\"~ .. u;

~ -
ou 'ali""t.. ~s c:I~ le: d'i:l.~""c.I( \6r1'.. u~ .. f.( Il.. 1,.,f
hr~~> d~ 1", k.t. ..Jro 'tA [ E.) rA. ~ le?}

./L,'-o
lJ -

-, ~ 100 J 1", n.~ ~n'u [4]-1 SI2 cal tt.tlt ~ar Iq nl",hot')
1
[A1- - [t.] lb]
trQ4-11a...~ 0\.1 la CA] .ut kjM;fr",lu
r'" H.Llok~ JJ.) ) o ... F~ k1 ,rff,.., [ 4J s ll'\A.)

tor YVI 2 cL.. tro etuJ. d 'I.U1I t-rfa." s-' CÙr. ~~n'f.U(I [H-]
pttr UIH l'M~~,,'V +n'c:..,~u'a.irf

\c. trolU ~c>~~: cl e [ ~]


Lt!. ~'Q~fl1h de! la I\'IClhlv [M]::o [14)-1 So"'~ J~fI";""'~
COI tlM.-\.f de! la nJe:tt~ ~\",\.h-\'Lnl~ [1I)[tfJ-'= LN) C~] ~l

U 9\l.A' l..O .. dlÙ~ ",-:

1\'1 .. ~

"
J-I
- L L ~ t' rYI 'r (uj)
h.is r:.,· J '

-,
lA] -1 := ( (H) t l~Jtl

-- [HY'([H]tr'

-- ([H]-') ([Hl1)t
,
~+ r~t n·,. C:etl culu
i~) : velhu.r d4-} J l1'~Ia.I.II>t~ "'~>
~ ~J : Vut e.u.(" dCl.> fo.. . . ·s

01'1 ClI : l G] ~b1:: ~fJ


Or 01'\ ~~ ..R.trrr, 1 VII 91.11' [ G] .h~ ~ ....it n ·9l14
[ G1:: (HJt-[~) OIA [H] ~. UIlI IhQ~n'u
1
hra "'à'U I«...-r t w~arfW('

bOlot l ~J t [ ij) ~ t>! e ~ F:)

L~)\[)1 =~I.Ü ,Oh 0\ ~rQn


l~Jt~ul;~~J
o~ rw.!- alor> .Rot r....r Iq
1

rol.U1-, re\~I1.~ r,
ro~r ~ ~l

U... = F, 114"
U'I..:: l Ft. - \+,1. U,) / Kz. t

,
ruou~ ~Qr

1>... ", U,,/"....


Il'I-I '=- (U"_,- H"_I.D,,) /»-.._., "_.
~.l :=.
'"
(U" - f";L ,., " ,'r br) / "Ii
c- Pn'~",,""M~
do> ',,".1.>
4~ u.tti ~'t, \~ ~lttJ!hl r"nd,'ttl U JG.-l ~O,.n~.1Y OlW~"
W\t ~'QU '·M~od(J,,~v. ~l'\ Vlfa" ~ f~<ku> J.,'I/ ... t- ih-# 12" t.o"W"'-
d.lh',l,l GlA>Lt CU\>l J~f"'- f-lC"'·sh..,t- cl.. ,,> l'i "",,~,,"t. ~~#~.. I~ J~
1C) s tru.,Jv. r 1 ..eJ- J C) lA,.> /, +"""'.... lM, .. t- cl t,) J, cu ~. •

Uh~ cuhl\l cV tro~I1:I""",IAtt..-:, Ll"lA'Sf~ ~It\ IQ rQ.l~.,..c~ç J. le;


rkeLtrla (~) l'jl.tlq J. ICI cV'U)l\I\ r~d•..; ~.. 'fUD Iv ~("'H dJl (..
.1'«%",,01, ~ ... u·~"I( h>\t- J..n."'~.1 ,h,v> le ~n..'
-e .tt' 0 A Il,o'A' I~.s forl\ùJJ> Jo... "'CI.. t k> Cl.c..., heJ ·h/.C'... o~
J~lo holthltl [If» (.U.\J( clu vW~r .."bp...,/d,·...;" ~U}.J- c.w, ...

.Lu va.Jw.r w. dJl~lo.Vh"'Hh ~!! 101It- hujouC') Q.(.( d"l~h"·"A~4.U"


li kr"" l. c; • A.VO-l l' Cl>ht<.( 9\'" LlQI.L) uttll'J'~\, Jl l'\D kol.LJ

cl _ ~,. d li c.a.' cul cl ".1 J "}' a.t/lM .nh


,
( Mo t f-I...o J" t\i 0 I!&! dl! J CI clw 1(1) I~.,)
'2.

Cl :
,1
[

G
hIl :~ :: ~ ~II

hl L = s, th,,::z. )
~ I?, -- q
d'Il /h -\1-

- d'u- M.v ~t\î =lt- ~)/hu ~


hu _(" L

h~'l:: ~
'li .f/rI. -1/r. .
br 011- :

H: ft -
3
~

LG] ~bJ ~ ~rJ


[1J]t [U]~bl ~ ~I=J
PoJOl1l [If] ~~} :: {uJ

,,~ {;1 : '.<h..r d.4r3'~ •• f

Jl.: of
I~

l, _
d Ok \)\. 1'; t
-,
l-r/,~ f
,e - ~)t4""~'.1 df aa/wl cw Co~~~(
UM foiS
lJ&.a~itre. ~:
9U.' 10
i=ore..es
"'Cltrlt~ de n~I"Jl'h' ~~n~ra/(
dOlns lu iJimenb
G!- * c..ons+Tui~€ Q/-qu.€

1'01"1 t> d~,b,rrnl": l.t Ue-lfwr f bL Jfi} ~rœs cw..<' ~n ClU~n."'Q"h )
01\ e)~ ltn "'UILe. d, calcul,r k~ d~~Ia.U!,,"enh ~ ""'ndroi~ J,n
Jo~r~ JCI k1.lI'"h' t Clr let rtl/:tr~

~ h~: [G] -1 ~ çJ

b' ~t\ = {\ - fbJ


~ ~r") r~II~.l
f llL rl(l.(..h o n >

e(~kJClI4~, (J qui t\<>\ol.l l'I'1f-eru.lt) c'fJf dCl ho u.v u' lô {:c .. ~ F~"")
~lJ.r lQ ~huttu.(I ou ~luh;~ ~r ~ tt1.woLruu 'l u,t' U>""'' 'oJ.. n~ tJl~
shuJu.u. Pour un. lI\~m~n.&.fI J.,...,,~, COMn/l'(~Cl..t I,u JI/.~o.."'''''''''b
~II SI,) ~tn't>\"f~ .cJ- ~ Ccl.(a.~·rrst"'jU4) c:ID n''ij',.:kfD' J CI œlU ,-"LI'l«'CI}

fi .tl.ra ~).·11. cl" c.Jtu(u 'oU ~rh as.sov"; 0' S4> d:~I"lIho",h
~f QCWJ~ ~~Clr lA.} d,llr1~ ~~n'lWr4,) (~l-)
1
~,., c.I'<:tufn,} 'hr"",u) '4> cJ,arrJ h.,,... \co CGtWCI Jo.s ~J,
1 ,

Clh d(,~ oVQ",;( "R'lwfd"l" cs CfW' ~(",.Ifl('i cl 'l.tt",

oÎi ~fM~: veJ-w ( r, tDrlL> ~ l'\~J~.


Lk): ~a.hru Je ""'S,·dd.' d/J /....... C ... L...... ft C-t>nl.f.rnl.:

1>-cn.c. 1'0 \.<.( JyOIl.\I'u ~ tlfforh t-""/l Ja..u 14~ ~c",,~ru.rL} "'tp.. J~
t°\.lV~( +ro.ur lu dr"1t't1llol ~u d''4(-orh HAT"'-CW." J '4for h -franJ,a",I-J
.cl".b kAOho'kh ''''P J.ü{f.'1"G cl 'l4tt:LIr 1" ""/lIT/' u J~ r:J--'ddl' [kJ .1..
cl" fA» ~L"" k n . 41

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi