Introduction À SAP ABAP Procédural

ABAP Programming language
1
Première séance :
- Présentation : Introduction à l’ABAP I
- Atelier :
o Prise en main de l’outil / Hello World
o Variables ABAP
o Le dictionnaire de donnée
o Interrogation de la base de donnée et tables internes
o Manipulation chaine de caractère
Deuxième séance :
- Présentation : Introduction à l’ABAP II
- Atelier :
o Utilisation du Perform
o Séparation de code
o Optimisation du code pour plus de performance
o Développement de Rapports et Etats : ALV

Troisième séance :
- Présentation : Les Functions Modules
- Atelier :
o Recherche et appel aux FMs
o Developpement de FMs
Quatrième séance:
- Présentation : Query / Infosets
- Atelier :
o Creation d'Infosets : Manipulation tables/jointures
Cinquième séance :
- Présentation : Sapscript
- Atelier :
o Introduction / Overview
o Eléments du formulaire (Page, fenêtre, format de
paragraphes,…)
o Technique de mise en forme
o Programme d’impression
o Exemple pratique
Sixième séance :
- Présentation : Smartform
- Atelier :
o Introduction / Overview
o Eléments du formulaire (Attribut, interface,
fenêtre, template, table,…)
o Mise en forme / Smartstyle
o Programme d’impression / Module de Fonction
o Exemple pratique
ABAP Programming Language
Advanced Business Application Programming
4
ABAP Workbench
Repository Information
ABAP Editor
System
ABAP Dictionary Test & Analysis Tools
Repository Browser Function Builder
Menu Painter Data Modeler
Screen Painter Workbench Organizer
5
Reporting
• Programs can be written interactively using the

capabilities of the R/3 system. Programs can be
executed both online or in the background.
Background jobs can also be scheduled to run
at specific intervals.
6
Terms to Remember
Program
• A series of ABAP statements
Report:
• An ABAP program whose output is a
list
Module Pool:
• A dialog program which is a collection
of screens
List:
• The output generated by an ABAP
report program
7
Reporting and ABAP Development
Reporting
ABAP
8 Development
Programming Environment -
The ABAP Editor
9
Programming Environment
Online Debugging
10
Basic Functions of the ABAP Editor
Find and
Repeat Find Standard toolbar
Syntax Check
Undo
ABAP Help
Toggles from
display to
change mode
Cut, copy and paste
to and from a buffer
Program source entry area
11
The PROGRAM Menu Option
12
The EDIT Menu Option
13
The GOTO Menu Option
14
The UTILITIES Menu Option
15
The BLOCK/BUFFER Menu Option
16
The SETTINGS Menu Option
To set Editor mode,

use the menu path
Settings-> Editor
mode
Preferred settings:
· PC mode with
line numbering
· With
compression logic
· Key word large
17
Basic ABAP Program Syntax
DATA COUNT TYPE I.

DATA TITLE(25).
MOVE 1 TO COUNT.
MOVE ‘President’ TO TITLE.
WRITE TITLE.
ABAP Program
WRITE COUNT.
Statement.
Word 1 Word 2 Word 3 Word 4
Key word Parameter, field, or constant
18
Chaining Statements in ABAP
DATA COUNT TYPE I.

DATA TITLE(25).
MOVE 1 TO COUNT.
WRITE TITLE.
DATA: COUNT TYPE I,
WRITE COUNT.
TITLE(25).
MOVE: 1 TO COUNT,
‘President’ TO TITLE.
WRITE: TITLE, COUNT.
19
Comments in ABAP
A double quotation mark
(“) anywhere on a line
makes everything that
follows a comment.
An asterisk (*) in column

1 makes the entire line
a comment line.
20
ABAP Program Structure
Program Name Area

Use REPORT for listing programs
Use PROGRAM for online programs
Declaration Section
Used for defining tables, variables
and constants
Statement Section
Used for coding executable
ABAP statement
21
ABAP Program Attributes
Program title is required
Type:
1 - Executable Program
I - Include Program
M - Module Pool
F - Function Group
S - Subroutine Pool
Application:
S - Basis
U - EDM (Enterprise Data Mode
V - Sales and Distribution
Y - Customer Head Office
Z - Customer Branch
22
* - For all Applications
Running an ABAP Program
An Alternative
Method:
From the System
Menu, choose
From the ABAP Editor: Services® Reporting
With the program to launch
displayed, the program
Program®Execute
One Final Method:
From the ABAP Editor: Initial Screen,
type the program name, then click on
the Execute push-button
23
The ABAP “WRITE” Statement
WRITE ‘********************’.
SKIP 2.
WRITE: ‘The date today is:’, SY-DATUM,
‘The current time is:’, SY-UZEIT.
SKIP 2.
WRITE ‘********************’. Notice that there is an
automatic space between the
fields written to the list.
<program title> 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
********************
The date today is: 12/30/1996 The current time is: 12:32:06
********************
24
ABAP Format Specifications
WRITE 10 ‘***** City of Philadelphia *****’.

SKIP 2.
WRITE: 10 ‘Ticket Date’, SY-DATUM.
WRITE: /10 ‘Ticket Time’, SY-UZEIT.
ULINE /10(60).
SKIP 2.
WRITE 10 ‘***** Department of Public Safety *****’.
***** City of Philadelphia *****
Ticket Date 01/01/1997

Ticket Time 18:01:00
-----------------------------------------------------
***** Department of Public Safety *****

25
ABAP Format Options
WRITE 10 ‘***** City of Philadelphia *****’.
SKIP 2.
WRITE: 10 ‘Ticket Date’, 25 SY-DATUM,
/10 ‘Ticket Time’, SY-UZEIT UNDER SY-DATUM.
ULINE /10(60).
SKIP 2.
WRITE 10 ‘***** Department of Public Safety *****’.

------------------------------------------------------------

26
“WRITE” Statement Extended
Syntax
WRITE <format> <value> <options> .

<format>
/p(I)
/ = Line Feed <value>
p = Column Position
I = Output Length
Program Field or <options>
Text Literal
Format Options
27
“NEW-PAGE” Statement
WRITE ‘***** City of Philadelphia *****’.
SKIP.
WRITE: / ‘Ticket Date’, 15 SY-DATUM.
WRITE: / ‘Ticket Time’, 15 SY-UZEIT.
SKIP.
WRITE ‘***** Department of Public Safety *****’.
NEW-PAGE.
WRITE: ‘Comments:’.
<program title> 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

28
<program title> 2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comments:
Writing Icons and Symbols
INCLUDE <ICON>.
INCLUDE <SYMBOL>.
WRITE: /10 ICON_DATE AS ICON, SY-DATUM,

SYM_LEFT_HAND AS SYMBOL.
Execute programs
“SHOWICON” and
“SHOWSYMB” to
display the system’s
icons and symbols.
29
Maintaining Page Headers
The title comes from

the program’s
attributes.
List header will replace

title on first line of
standard header.
Up to four lines of column

headings can be maintained
for the list.
30
Numbered Texts (Text Symbols)
WRITE: / TEXT-001, BIRTHDAY,

/ TEXT-002, SY-DATUM.
Text symbols are

referenced by a unique
three-character code.
31
ABAP Elementary Data Types
C: Character Text N: Numeric Text
I: Integer D: Date
P: Packed # T: Time
F: Floating Point # X: Hexadecimal #
32
Declaring Variables
DATA: PLAYER(35) TYPE C,

NICKNAME(35),
POINTS TYPE I,
GAMES TYPE I VALUE ‘10’,
AVERAGE(5) TYPE P,
STARTER,
ACQUIRED TYPE D.
33
Initial Values
C: (blank) N: zeroes
I: zero D: 00000000
P: zero T: 000000
F: zeroes X: 00
The “CLEAR” statement sets a field back to its initial value, not
its default value.
34
Assigning Default Values
DATA: PLAYER(35) TYPE C,

NICKNAME(35) VALUE ‘Dr. J’,
POINTS TYPE I VALUE ‘255’,
GAMES TYPE I VALUE 10,
AVERAGE(5) TYPE P VALUE ‘25.5’,
STARTER VALUE ‘Yes’,
ACQUIRED TYPE D VALUE
‘19760610’.
35
Declaring “Like” Fields
DATA: PLAYER(35) TYPE C VALUE ‘Julius Erving’,

NICKNAME(35),
ACQUIRED TYPE D.
Use the “LIKE” addition to declare fields

with the same format (i.e., data type and
length)
DATA: PLAYER(35) TYPE C VALUE ‘Julius Erving’,

NICKNAME LIKE PLAYER,
ACQUIRED LIKE SY-DATUM.
36
Declaring Constants
The “VALUE” addition

is required.
CONSTANTS: TEAM1(20) TYPE C VALUE ‘76ers’,

TEAM2 LIKE TEAM1 VALUE ‘Celtics’,
TOT_GAMES TYPE I VALUE 82.
If you attempt to change the value of a constant, a syntax error

will occur.
37
User-Defined Data Types
TYPES: NAME(35) TYPE C,

TEAMS(20) TYPE C.
DATA: PLAYER TYPE NAME VALUE ‘Troy Aikman’,
NICKNAME LIKE PLAYER.
CONSTANTS: TEAM1 TYPE TEAMS VALUE ‘Cowboys’,
TEAM2 LIKE TEAM1 VALUE ‘Packers’.
A user-defined data type created with the “TYPES” statement is used to

specify a field’s data type in the “TYPE” addition of the “DATA” or
“CONSTANTS” statements.
38
Output Characteristic for Data
Types
Standard Length Justification
C = defined length C = left-justified

I = 12 I = right-justified
P = (2 * defined length) + 1 P = right-justified
F = 22 F = right-justified
N = defined length N = left-justified
D = 10 D = left-justified
T =8 T = left-justified
X = (2 * defined length) X = left-justified
39
Output for Numeric Fields
DATA: FLOAT TYPE FVALUE
‘98.7654321E2’,
PACK TYPE PVALUE 12,
INT TYPE I VALUE 32.
WRITE: / FLOAT,
/ FLOAT EXPONENT 1 DECIMALS 3,
/ FLOAT EXPONENT 0 DECIMALS 2,
/ PACK,
/ PACK DECIMALS 1,
9.876543210000000E+03
/ INT DECIMALS 2.
987.654E+01
9876.54
These fields are not aligned 12
because of the different 12.0
standard output lengths of 32.00
40 the numeric type fields.
Assigning Values to Fields
MOVE <value> TO <field>.

[COMPUTE] <field> = <value or expression>.
ADD <value> TO <field>.
SUBTRACT <value> FROM <field>.
MULTIPLY <field> BY <value>.
DIVIDE <field> BY <value>.
DATA: TITLE(25),
SALARY TYPE P,
CNVSALARY LIKE SALARY,

COMPUTE SALARY = 5000000.
CNVSALARY = SALARY * 3.
ADD 1000 TO SALARY.
41
Arithmetic Expressions
Operators Functions
+ - * / ** SQRT, EXP, LOG,
DIV and MOD SIN, COS, STRLEN, . . .
COUNTER = COUNTER + 1.
SALARY = BASE * BONUS_PERCENT.
LENGTH = STRLEN( NAME ).
ANSWER = ( 10 + SQRT( NUM1 ) ) / ( NUM2 - 10 ).
Spacing is very important when using arithmetic expressions!!!
42
Sub-Fields in ABAP
DATA: CUSTOMER(10) TYPE C, Use an offset and length

INV_DATE LIKE SY-DATUM. to display or change
portions of a field.
CUSTOMER = ‘1234567890’.
INV_DATE = ‘19960626’.
WRITE: / CUSTOMER+8(2), ‘xx’,

INV_DATE(4).
90 xx 1996
* Start of Month 123456ABCD ----- 06/01/1996
INV_DATE+6(2) = ‘01’.
CUSTOMER+6 = ‘ABCD’.
WRITE: / CUSTOMER, ‘------’, INV_DATE.
43
Date Calculations in ABAP
DATA: DAYSOLD TYPE P, Date fields store values as

DOB TYPE D, “YYYYMMDD”.
TODAY LIKE SY-DATUM.
DOB = ‘19621230’.
TODAY= SY-DATUM.
DAYSOLD = TODAY - DOB.
WRITE: ‘You are’, DAYSOLD, ‘days old.’.
You are 12410 days old.
44
Declaring Fields with PARAMETERS
PARAMETERS: NUM TYPE I,

NAME(20) DEFAULT ‘AARON’.
ADD 10 TO NUM.
WRITE: / NUM,
‘----’,
NAME.
“Selection Screen”
32 ---- AARON
45
Selection Texts
These selection texts will

be used on the selection
screen instead of the
parameter names.
46
Working with Field Symbols in
ABAP
DATA: NUM TYPE I VALUE 12.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <F1>,
<F2> TYPE I, A field symbol is a
<F3> LIKE NUM. “pointer” that assumes a
field’s address, not a
ASSIGN: NUM TO <F1>, field’s value.
NUM TO <F2>,
NUM TO <F3>.
WRITE: / ‘Line 1:’, NUM, <F1>, <F2>,

<F3>.
<F1> = 32.
WRITE: / ‘Line 2:’, NUM, <F1>,

Line 1: 12 12
<F2>, 12 12
<F3>. Line 2: 32 32 32 32
47
Dynamic Assignment of Partial
Strings
DATA: TEXT_LINE(30) VALUE ‘ABCDEFGHIJK’.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <FSYMBOL>.
ASSIGN TEXT_LINE+2(5) TO <FSYMBOL>.
* this assigns 5 characters of text_line starting at
* position 3 to the field string.
WRITE: / ‘text line =‘, TEXT_LINE.

ULINE.
WRITE: / ‘field symbol=‘, <FSYMBOL>.
ULINE.
<FSYMBOL> = ‘1234567890’.
WRITE: / ‘field symbol =‘, <FSYMBOL>.
ULINE.
WRITE: / ‘text line =‘, TEXT_LINE.
48
Dynamic Field Assignment
PARAMETERS FIELD(8) DEFAULT ‘SY-UZEIT’.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <FSYMBOL>.
ASSIGN (FIELD) TO <FSYMBOL>.
IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
WRITE: / ‘The contents of field’, FIELD, <FSYMBOL>.
ELSE.
WRITE: / ‘Failure assigning field’, FIELD, ‘to field symbol’.
ENDIF.
FIELD SY-UZEIT Selection Screen
The contents of field SY-UZEIT 12:32:06 List

49
Open SQL
Open SQL - a subset of standard SQL
Portable across various databases
50
Example Using the SELECT
Statement
TABLES: KNA1.
SELECT *
FROM KNA1.
WRITE: / KNA1-KUNNR, KNA1-NAME1.
ENDSELECT.
51
The SELECT Statement with a
WHERE Clause
TABLES: KNA1.
SELECT *
FROM KNA1
WHERE KTOKD = ‘0001’.
ENDSELECT.
52
SY-SUBRC
TABLES: KNA1.
SELECT *
FROM KNA1
WHERE KTOKD = ‘0001’.
ENDSELECT.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
WRITE: / ‘No records found.’.
ENDIF.
53
The INTO Clause
TABLES: KNA1.
DATA : VL_KUNNR like KNA1-KUNNR,

VL_NAME1 like KNA1-NAME1.
SELECT KUNNR
NAME1
FROM KNA1
INTO (VL_KUNNR,
VL_NAME1).
WRITE : / VL_KUNNR , VL_NAME1.
ENDSELECT.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
ENDIF.
54
INTO CORRESPONDING-FIELDS
TABLES: KNA1.
DATA : BEGIN OF WT_KNA1,

KUNNR like KNA1-KUNNR,
NAME1 like KNA1-NAME1,
TEMP like sy-datum
End of WT_KNA1.
SELECT KUNNR
NAME1
FROM KNA1
INTO CORRESPONDING-FIELDS
OF WT_KNA1.
ENDSELECT.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
ELSE.
LOOP at WT_KNA1.
WRITE WT_KNA1-IKUNNR.
ENDLOOP.
ENDIF.
55
Basic Flow Control in ABAP
56
The IF Statement
IF X =5.
WRITE :/ ‘The value of X is
5’.
ELSEIF X =6.
WRITE :/ ‘The value of X is
6’.
ELSE .
WRITE :/ ‘X is neither 5 nor
6’.
ENDIF.
57
Logical Expressions
Logical Expressions use :
RELATIONAL OPERATORS
LOGICAL OPERATORS
STRING COMPARISON
OPERATORS
58
Relational Operators
Comparison Syntax
Is Equal to =, EQ
Is not equal to < >, ><, NE
Greater than >, GT
Greater than or equal to > =, = >, GE
Less than <, LT
Less than or equal to <=, =<, LE
59
Logical Operators
AND
OR
NOT
The hierarchy of the logical

operators is:
NOT, AND and then OR.
60
(ie different from creating views)
Bad
Good Programming Practice with
Logical Operators
If not ( X = 0 )
or not ( Y = 1 and
Z = X or X = 3
and ( Z = 5 )
61
String Comparison Operators
Comparison Syntax
Contains only CO
Contains any CA
Contains string CS
Contains pattern CP
Contains not only CN
Contains not any NA
Contains no string NS
Contains no pattern NP
62
The CASE Statement
e n .
h ’
W AVE
‘S en
CASE Wh TA’.
SY-UCOMM. ‘S R
When
‘SRTD’.
Whe
n
Wh ‘GET
D’.
‘PI e n
CK
Don’t forget ’.
those periods!
63
The DO Loop
J =4.
DO.
DO J TIMES.
WRITE :/ ‘Hello
WRITE :/ ‘Hello
world!’.
world!’.
ENDDO.
ENDDO.
64
The WHILE Loop
If expression evaluates to
If expression evaluates to FALSE, code in loop is
TRUE, code in loop is NOT executed, and
executed. control moves to after
ENDWHILE.
65
Nested Loops and Control
Structures
DO 2 TIMES.
WRITE :/ SY-INDEX.
DO 3 TIMES.
WRITE : / ‘ ‘, SY-INDEX.
ENDDO.
ENDDO.
66
The ON CHANGE OF Statement
SELECT * FROM YCUSTOMER.

ON CHANGE OF YCUSTOMER-
COUNTRY OR YCUSTOMER-STATE.
[….]
ENDON.
ENDSELECT.
67
The CHECK Statement
DO 10 TIMES.
CHECK SY-INDEX <=
4.
WRITE :/ SY-INDEX.
ENDDO.
68
The EXIT Statement
IF SY-SUBRC <>0.
EXIT.
ENDIF.
69
The CONTINUE Statement
DO 10 TIMES.
IF SY-INDEX >4.
CONTINUE .
ENDIF.
WRITE :/ SY-INDEX.
ENDDO.
70
Data Structures
Structure Internal Table
Address List Address List
LN FN City ST. LN FN City ST.
LN FN City ST.
LN FN City ST.
71
Declaring a Structure - Method #1
Is this statement
1 REPORT YN1C0008.
2
necessary for the Basic Syntax:
3 TABLES: TABNA. code? DATA: BEGIN OF <name>
4 DATA: BEGIN OF ADDRESS,
5 FLAG TYPE C, <field1> . . .
6 ID LIKE TABNA-ID,
7 NAME1 LIKE TABNA-NAME1, <field2> . . .
8 CITY LIKE TABNA-CITY,
9 END OF ADDRESS.
...
10 MOVE ‘X’ TO ADDRESS-FLAG. END OF <name>.
11 MOVE ‘0001’ TO ADDRESS-ID.
12 MOVE ‘Smith’ TO ADDRESS-NAME1.
13 MOVE ‘Philadelphia’ TO ADDRESS-CITY.
14
15 WRITE ADDRESS.
16 Address Structure
17 Flag ID Name1 City
18
19
20
21
22
23
72
Declaring a Structure - Method #2
REPORT Yxxxxxxx. Basic Syntax:
TYPES: BEGIN OF ADDR,
TYPES: BEGIN OF <name1>,
FLAG,
<field1> . . . ,
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID,
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
<field2> . . . ,
CITY LIKE EMPLOYEE-CITY, ... ,
END OF ADDR. END OF <name1>.
DATA: ADDRESS TYPE ADDR. DATA: <name2> TYPE
<name1>.
MOVE: ‘X’ TO ADDRESS-FLAG,
‘00001’ TO ADDRESS-ID,
Address Structure
‘Smith’ TO ADDRESS-NAME1,
Flag ID Name1 City
‘Philadelphia’ TO ADDRESS-CITY.
WRITE ADDRESS.
73
Populating a Structure with
Field-by-Field Transport
REPORT Y170DM37.
EMPLOYEE
TABLES: EMPLOYEE. ID Name1 City
DATA: BEGIN OF ADDRESS, 000000001 Electronics Inc. Waldorf
FLAG, MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE
Address TO ADDRESS.
Flag ID Name City
NAME LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
000000001 Waldorf
CITY LIKE EMPLOYEE-CITY,
END OF ADDRESS. Clear <f1>.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.

MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO
ADDRESS.
WRITE: / ADDRESS-FLAG, ADDRESS-ID,
ADDRESS-NAME, ADDRESS-CITY.
CLEAR ADDRESS.
ENDSELECT.
74
Internal Table Types
• Standard
• Sorted
• Hashed
75
Creating an Internal Table
with Header Line
REPORT Y170DM38. The TYPES statement defines the
TABLES: EMPLOYEE. structure and data type for the
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP, internal table.
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID, The DATA statement with an
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1, INITIAL SIZE creates the actual
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY, internal table capable of storing
END OF EMP. data. Because of the WITH
HEADER LINE addition, this
internal table is created with a
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE
header line.
OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER
LINE. ID NAME1 COUNTRY
Header Line
EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
76
Internal Table Keys
• Implicit Key
– All character fields
• Explicit Key
– User-defined
• e.g. … WITH [ UNIQUE/NON-UNIQUE ] KEY
FIELD1 FIELD2 ...
77
Size of an Internal Table
78
Loading an Internal Table with a
Header Line
REPORT Y170DM42. With both versions of the
TABLES: EMPLOYEE. APPEND statement, memory
space for ten records is allocated
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
when the first record is written to
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY, the internal table.
SALARY LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALARY,
END OF EMP. Example 1
More than ten entries can be
OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER saved in the internal table.
LINE.

Example 2
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB. A maximum of ten entries can
be saved in the internal table.
APPEND EMPTAB.
OR MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
Any entries that exceed the
top ten will
APPEND EMPTAB SORTED BY SALARY. be deleted.
ENDSELECT.
79
Loading an Internal Table with a
Header Line
APPEND <int. table>. APPEND <int. table>

SORTED BY <field>.
Department Salary Department Salary
Header
R&D 400,000 R&D 400,000
1 PROD 7,800,000
MKTG 1,000,000
2 MKTG 1,000,000
SALES 500,000
3
PROD 7,800,000 SALES 500,000
4
IT 50,000 5
HR 140,000
HR 140,000 6 IT 50,000
80
Internal Table with Header Line
EMPLOYEE
A COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .
ID NAME1
COUNTRY
B Header Line
81
1 EMPLOYEE
COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .

USA 00000001 CompanyBaker Distributors BAKER . . .
ID NAME1
COUNTRY
Header Line
82
1 EMPLOYEE

USA 00000001 CompanyBaker Distributors BAKER . . .
2
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
00000001 Baker Distributors USA Header Line
83
1 EMPLOYEE
USA 00000001 Company Baker Distributors BAKER . . .
2
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
00000001 Baker Distributors USA Header Line
3 00000001 Baker Distributors USA 1

This header line
2 is attached to
the body of the
3. internal table.
. .
. .
.
10
84
4 EMPLOYEE

USA 00000002 Company Diversified Indust.. DIVERS . . .
5 ID NAME1
COUNTRY
00000002 Diversified Indust... USA Header Line
00000001 Baker Distributors USA 1

6 2
00000002 Diversified Indust... USA
3.
. .
. .
.
10
85
Creating an Internal Table without a
Header Line
The TYPES statement defines
REPORT Y170DM40. the structure and data type
TABLES: EMPLOYEE. for the internal table and its
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP, work area statement with an
The DATA
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID, INITIAL SIZE creates the
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1, actual internal table without
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,
a header line. The DATA
END OF EMP.
statement without the
INITIAL SIZE creates the
work area for the internal
OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10,
table.
EMPTAB_WA TYPE EMP.
Work Area
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. ID NAME1 COUNTRY
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB_WA.
APPEND EMPTAB_WA TO EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
86
APPEND <work area> to <EMPTAB>.
Internal Table without a Header
Line WHY???
Separate Internal Table Work Area
Performance Issues
Nested Internal Tables
87
Line
EMPLOYEE
A COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .
ID NAME1
COUNTRY
B Work Area
88
Line
1 EMPLOYEE
COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORT . . .

USA 00000001 Company Baker Distributors BAKER . . .
ID NAME1
2 COUNTRY
00000001 Baker Distributors USA Work Area
ID NAME1
COUNTRY
3 00000001 Baker Distributors USA 1 This work
area is not
2 attached to the
3. body of the
internal table.
.
.
10
89
Transferring ABAP Dictionary
Table Structures
REPORT Y170DM41.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
DATA: EMPTAB LIKE STANDARD TABLE OF
EMPLOYEE INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
The internal table EMPTAB
will have the exact same
structure as the dictionary
MOVE EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB. table EMPLOYEE.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
Notice the MOVE statement

instead of a MOVE-
CORRESPONDING.
90
Automatic Field Conversion
• MOVE-CORRESPONDING or MOVE field to

field
– Individual field type conversion
• MOVE
– Structure to structure
– Field to structure
– Structure to field
• Intermediate C type
• Followed by adoption of new types
91
Mass Reading from Database Tables
into Internal Tables
REPORT Y170DM69. SELECT * FROM

<table> . . .
TABLES: EMPLOYEE. 1. INTO TABLE
<EMPTAB>.
DATA: EMPTAB LIKE STANDARD TABLE
2. APPENDING TABLE
EMPLOYEE INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
<EMPTAB>.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO TABLE EMPTAB

WHERE COUNTRY = ‘USA’. Notice no ENDSELECT is
needed here because no
loop processing occurs.
92
Processing an Internal Table
REPORT Y170DM45.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
This LOOP AT <EMPTAB>
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP, statement allows for a logical
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY, expression in a WHERE clause to
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1, limit the processing of the internal
SALES LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALES,
table.
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE
10 WITH HEADER LINE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT. If no internal table entries
LOOP AT EMPTAB WHERE COUNTRY BETWEEN ‘A’ AND ‘D’. qualify under the logical
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-NAME1,
expression, the statement
EMPTAB-SALES. within the loop is not
ENDLOOP. executed and SY-SUBRC is
IF SY-SUBRC NE 0. WRITE: / ‘NO ENTRIES’. ENDIF. set to 4.
93
System Field SY-TABIX
REPORT Y170DM46.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.

END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
PARAMETERS: START LIKE SY-TABIX DEFAULT 10, screen output

END LIKE SY-TABIX DEFAULT 20.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
SY-
LOOP AT EMPTAB FROM START TO END. TABIX
WRITE: / SY-TABIX, EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-NAME1.
ENDLOOP.
94
Accumulating Data within an
Internal Table
REPORT Y170DM43.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE. COLLECT <EMPTAB>.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP, Country Sales
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY, Header
D 400,000
SALES LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALES, Line
USA 1,000,000
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP GB 500,000
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE. D 7,800,000
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. screen output

MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB. A 371,065.00
COLLECT EMPTAB. CH 45,305.00
ENDSELECT. D 8,200,000.00
LOOP AT EMPTAB. F 0.00
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-SALES. GB 500,000.00
ENDLOOP. NL 577,000.00
NO 234.00
USA 1,000,000.00
95 HK 0.00
Sorting an Internal Table
REPORT Y170DM44.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE. Sorting options:
1) SORT <EMPTAB> - sorts the
entries of the internal table
<EMPTAB> in ascending
SALES LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALES, order.
END OF EMP.
2) SORT <EMPTAB> BY
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
<field> - sorts the table on
one or more fields within the
table.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
SORT EMPTAB BY SALES DESCENDING.
LOOP AT EMPTAB. screen output
WRITE: / ITAB-COUNTRY, ITAB-NAME1, ITAB-SALES.
ENDLOOP.
96
Control Level Processing
• AT FIRST
• AT NEW < field >
• AT END < field >
• AT LAST
97
Reading a Single Table Entry
READ TABLE <EMPTAB> options:

1) READ TABLE <EMPTAB>.
2) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY <k1> = <v1>…
<kn> = <vn>.
3) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH TABLE KEY <k1> = <v1> ...
<kn> = <vn>.
4) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY = <value>.
5) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY . . . BINARY SEARCH.
6) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
7) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> COMPARING <f1> <f2> . . . .
8) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> COMPARING ALL FIELDS.
9) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> TRANSPORTING <f1> <f2> . . . .
10) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS.
98
Maintaining Internal Tables
EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB. INSERT <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
ENDSELECT. MODIFY <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
DELETE <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
READ TABLE EMPTAB INDEX 1.
MOVE ‘ABC’ TO EMPTAB-NAME1.
MODIFY EMPTAB INDEX SY-TABIX.
IF SY-SUBRC NE 0.
WRITE / ‘Attempt to modify failed.’.
ELSE.
Check SY-SUBRC after
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-
NAME1. every attempt to change
ENDIF. an internal table entry.
INSERT EMPTAB INDEX 1.
DELETE EMPTAB INDEX SY-TABIX.
99
Working with an Internal Table
without a Header Line
APPEND <work area> TO <internal table>.
COLLECT <work area> INTO <internal table>.
INSERT <work area> INTO <internal table>.
MODIFY <internal table> FROM <work area>.
READ TABLE <internal table> INTO <work area>.
LOOP AT <internal table> INTO <work area>.

100
Deleting an Internal Table
CLEAR <internal table>

• Initialises the header
line.
REFRESH <internal table>
• Internal table lines • Deletes all
remain unchanged. table lines. FREE <internal table>
• Storage space
• Deletes all
is not released. table lines.
• Paging is released. • Storage space
is released.
• Header line
• Header line
remains unchanged.
remains unchanged.
101
Information about an Internal Table
REPORT Y170DM49.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
END OF EMP,
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE,
LINE_COUNT TYPE I,
INITIAL_COUNT TYPE I. DESCRIBE TABLE <internal table>
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. LINES <var1>
APPEND EMPTAB.
OCCURS <var2>.
ENDSELECT.
DESCRIBE TABLE EMPTAB
LINES LINE_COUNT
OCCURS INITIAL_COUNT.
WRITE: / ‘ lines:’, LINE_COUNT,
/ ‘occurs:’, INITIAL SIZE_COUNT.
screen output
102
Calling the SAP Table Editor
REPORT Y170DM50.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
END OF EMP,
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE,
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
EDITOR-CALL FOR EMPTAB.
CHECK SY-SUBRC EQ 0.
LOOP AT EMPTAB WHERE NAME1 EQ ‘Maurice Cheeks’.
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-NAME1. screen output
ENDLOOP.
IF SY-SUBRC NE 0. WRITE: / ‘No records.’. ENDIF.
103
What Are Subroutines
REPORT YDEMOSB7. REPORT YDEMOSB8.
Calculate tax Call calculate_tax
Calculate tax Call calculate_tax
Subroutine
Calculate_tax
104
Modularization
REPORT YDEMOSB1. REPORT YDEMOSB2. REPORT YDEMOSB3.

Perform sub
Call Function ZZCALC
Perform sub(YDEMOSB1)
Form sub
External FunctionModule
Call Call
REPORT YDEMOSB1. ABAP Function Builder
Function module
Form sub ZZCALC
105
Actual / Formal Parameters
Main 99 1
Program a1 a2 a3
Call Calculate_tax
Transfer values of fields a1 a2
Get value of field a3
Actual parameters a1 a2 a3
Parameter transfer
o u tine Formal parameters f1 f2 f3

Su b r
Subroutine calculate_tax
99 1
f1 f2 f3
f3 = f1 +f2 . . . .
106
Methods of Passing Parameters
Pass by Value a1
b ro u tine
Su
Pass by Value and Result
f1
a1
Subro
utine
Pass by Reference a1 f1
b ro u tine
Su
f1
107
Declaring and Calling a Subroutine -
Pass by Value(1) & Reference(2)
REPORT Y170D091.
TABLES: ....
DATA: .…
.
.
.
PERFORM <name> USING
<a1> <a2>
<a3> <a4>.
.
.
.
FORM <name> USING
VALUE(<f1>) Pass by value
VALUE(<f2>)
Pass <f3>
by reference
<f4>.
ENDFORM.
108
Declaring and Calling a Subroutine -
Pass by Value and Result(3)
REPORT YSDEM000.
TABLES: ... .
DATA: ... .
.
.
.
PERFORM <name> USING
<a1> <a2>
CHANGING<a3>.
.
.
.
FORM <name> USING
VALUE(<f1>)
VALUE(<f2>)
CHANGING VALUE(<f3>).
.
.
Pass by value
.
f 3 =“A”.
.
Pass by value and result
.
.
ENDFORM.
109
Global versus Local Data
report y170dm86.
data: num(9) value ‘999999999’.
data: id like tabna-id, Global Data

name like tabna-name1.
. . . <statements>
perform sub1.
. . . <statements>
Local Data
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* FORM SUB1 *
* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
form sub1.
data: begin of tab occurs 10, “ <----------- local data
id like tabna-id,
name1 like tabna-name1,
end of tab.
local: num . “ <----------- local data
. . . <statements>
endform.
110
Local Data in Subroutines
Statement Value Upon Entering Value Upon Value Upon Entering
between Subroutine First Time Returning to Subroutine Next
FORM… Main Program Time
ENDFORM
DATA Whatever the local If declared Re-initializes based
DATA statement globally, returns on local DATA
initializes to old value, statement
otherwise not
recognized
STATICS Whatever the local If declared Last set value from

STATICS statement globally, returns inside subroutine
initializes to old value,
otherwise not
recognized
LOCAL Last set value from Last set value Last set value from
main program from main main program
program
111
Passing Structures as Parameters
This is passing the TABNA

REPORT Y170D095.
work area only
TABLES: TABNA.
DATA: ZTAB LIKE TABNA.
DATA: FLAG.
.
.
PERFORM SUB1 USING TABNA. This is passing the
PERFORM SUB1 USING ZTAB. ZTAB structure
.
.
.
FORM SUB1 USING
REC STRUCTURE TABNA.
WRITE: / REC-COUNTRY,
REC-NAME1.
ENDFORM.
112
Passing Internal Tables as
Parameters
REPORT Y170D093.
DATA : BEGIN OF TAB OCCURS 10,
F1 LIKE TABNA-COUNTRY,
F2 LIKE TABNA-NAME1,
.
.
.
END OF TAB.
DATA : X.
.
.
.
PERFORM SUB1 TABLES TAB
. USING X.
.
.
FORM SUB1 TABLES FRED STRUCTURE TAB
USING Z.
LOOP AT FRED.
WRITE: / FRED-F1
FRED-F2.
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM .
113
External Subroutines
PERFORM <name>(<prog name>) USING . . .
REPORT Y170D096. REPORT Y170D097.

TABLES : TABNA, TABLES : TABNA,
T001, T005. T001, T001G.
. . Roll Area
. .
. . TABNA
START-OF-SELECTION. START-OF-SELECTION T001
. . T005
. .
. . T001G
PERFORM FORM SUB1 . . . . Y170D108
SUB1(Y170D097) . . . . .
Y170D109
. .
. .
. NEW-PAGE. Storage Allocation
.
.
114 .
ENDFORM
Function Modules
Function Builder
FM Group : FIBU
FM_01 ...
Program 1 FM_02 ... Program 2
FM Group : XYZ
CALL FM_03 ... CALL
FUNCTION FM_04 ... FUNCTION
‘FM_0’ ‘FM_02’
... Program 3 ...
CALL FUNCTION
‘FM_02’
115
...
Function Module Parts
FM -02
Section I … Administration FM Group :
Section II … Interface
FIBU
FM_01 ...
Chapter 1 … Import
Chapter 2 … Changing
FM_02 ...
Chapter 3 … Export
Chapter 4 … Tables
Chapter 5 … Exceptions
Section III … Documentation

FM Group :
XYZ
FM_03 ...
Section IV … Source Code
FM_04 ...
Section V … Global Data
Section VI … Main Program
116
Creating a Function Group
117
Administration
118
Interfaces
Program XYZ.
Call function
‘Y_DEMO_FUNC’
Import
Changing
Export
Tables
Exceptions Function Module
Y_DEMO_FUNC
119
Import/Export Parameter Interface
Parameter name Default value Flag parameter

as optional
‘LIKE’
Pass parameter
‘TYPE’ by reference
120
Table Parameters/Exceptions
Interface & Documentation
Parameter name Flag parameter
as optional
‘LIKE’ ‘TYPE’
121
Function Module Source Code
function y_demo_function_module.
*”--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*” Local interface:
*” IMPORTING
*” REFERENCE(FIELD1) LIKE TABNA-COUNTRY
*” EXPORTING
*” VALUE(FIELD3) LIKE TABNA-NAME1
*” TABLES
*” TAB STRUCTURE TABNA
*” CHANGING
*” VALUE(FIELD2) LIKE TABNA-ID
*” EXCEPTIONS
*” INVALID_DATA
*” SYSTEM_ERROR
*” -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
endfunction.
122
Exceptions
INVALID_OPERATOR
Function Module
...
IF...
RAISE INVALID_OPERATOR.
* MESSAGE. . . RAISING
INVALID_OPERATOR.
ENDIF.
...
123
Example - Raising Exceptions
case operator.
when ’+’.
result = operand1 + operand2.
when ’-’.
result = operand1 - operand2.
when ’/’.
if operand2 <> 0.
result = operand1 / operand2.
else.
raise division_by_zero.
endif.
when ’* ’
result = operand1* operand2.
when others.
raise invalid_operator.
endcase.
124
Calling a Function Module
report ymodemo message-id yj.
parameters: operand1 type i,
operator,
operand2 like operand1.
data: result type p decimals 2.
call function ’Y_CALCULATOR’
exporting
operand1 = operand1
operator = operator
operand2 = operand2
importing
result = result
exceptions
invalid_operator = 1
division_by_zero = 2
others = 3.
125
Calling a Function Module
(Continued)
exceptions
invalid_operator = 1
division_by_zero = 2
others = 3.
case sy-subrc.
when 1.
message e001.
when 2.
message e005.
when 3.
message e007.
endcase.
126
Program Organisation
SAPL <gr>
L<gr>TOP
*System-defined include files
FUNCTION-POOL <gr>
INCLUDE L<gr>TOP. Message-ID ZZ.
INCLUDE L<gr>UXX DATA: “Global DATA
*User-defined include files
L<gr>UXX
INCLUDE L<gr> U01.
L<gr>U01 INCLUDE L<gr> U02.
FUNCTION FA. .
.
L<gr>U02 .
FUNCTION FB.
127
Subroutine Includes for Function
Groups
Main Program
• System-defined include files INCLUDE L<gr> TOP.’ Global Data

• User defined include files INCLUDE L<gr> F01.’ Subroutines
ABAP program L<gr> F01 Call

FORM SUB1 USING . . . . FUNCTION . . .
. .
. .
. .
ENDFORM. PERFORM SUB1 USING . . .
FORM SUB2 USING . . . . .
. .
. .
. ENDFUNCTION.
ENDFORM.
.
.
128
.
Global Data / Local Memory in the
Function Group
Global Data
L <gr> TOP
FUNCTION-POOL <gr>.
DATA: X
TABLES: . . .
Program Subroutines
FUNCTION . . . L <gr> F01
DATA: . . . FORM SUB1 USING...
MOVE X TO . . . DATA: . . .
ENDFUNCTION. MOVE. . . TO X.
ENDFORM.
129
Test Environment
Import parameters Tables
FM: Y170 DEMO

Does it work?
Export Parameters
130
Remote Function Call (RFC)
Program
ABAP \/4
CALL FUNCTION. . .
DESTINATION. . .
EXPORTING. . . Function
Function Module
Module
IMPORTING. . .
TABLES. . . FUNCTION REMOTE_CALL
EXCEPTIONS. . . ...
RAISE ERROR.
...
ENDFUNCTION.
External program
RFCLid
External Program. . .
RfcOpen (. . .)
RfcCallReceive (. . .)
RfcClose (. . .)
131
Modularization:
The Include Technique
132
SQL (SELECT)
ABAP Programs
REPORT: YNEWAPPL. Database

TABLES...
TABNA
SELECT * FROM TABNA.
LFA1 LFC1
ENDSELECT.
Data
ABAP
Reports
133
WHERE Clause: Single Access
*& *
* & ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
In the return-code field
report y170dm64. (SY-SUBRC),
0 = successful and
4 = entry does not exist.
tables: tabna.
* Syntax of a select single

* statement for single access. ----------
select single
* from tabna The SELECT SINGLE* statement
where country eq ’D’ requires the full primary key of the
and id eq ’00000002’.
table in the WHERE clause.
if sy-subrc = 0.
write: tabna-country, tabna-id,
tabna-name1.
endif.
134
Syntax: Restricted Loop Processing
SELECT * FROM <table>

WHERE <table field 1> <relational operator> <field 1>
AND <table field 2> <relational operator> <field 2>
OR <table field 3> <relational operator> <field 3>
AND <table field 4> <relational operator> <field 4>
:
:
OR <table field n> <relational operator> <field n>.
ENDSELECT. EQ =
GE >= =>
LE <= =<
NE <> >< Relational
GT > Operators
LT <
135
Syntax: Between Values,
Templates and Lists
SELECT * FROM <table> WHERE <table field>...
BETWEEN <field 1> AND <field 2>
LIKE <with ‘%’ and ‘_’ masked literal>
IN (<field 1, field 2,......field n>)
136
WHERE Clause: Loop Processing
with Restricted Selection
report y170md65.
tables: tabna.
* The result of the select statement is limited by the conditions of
* the where clause.
The result set is limited by the
select * from tabna
where country eq ‘USA’
conditions in the
and id between ‘0000001’ WHERE clause.
and ‘0000002’ .
write: / tabna-country, tabna-id.
tabna-name1.
endselect.
if sy-subrc ne 0.
write: / ‘The conditions cannot be satisfied’.
endif.
137
LIKE: Example of a Template (%_)
*& *
*& *
*&-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*
report y170dm66.
The ‘_’ is an any character
tables: t001.
positional parameter.
* Using a template during selection.-----------------------------------------------
The ‘%’ allows for any string
of any length.
select* from t001
where bukrs like ‘__01’
and butxt like ‘SAP%’.
write: / t001-bukrs, t001-butxt.
endselect.
if sy-subrc ne 0.
endif.
*
138
IN: Example of a Comparison
Value List
tables: tabna.
parameters: country1 like tabna-country.

country2 like tabna-country.
select* from tabna

where country in (country1, country2).
* where country = country1 or country = country2.

½
write:
/ tabna-country, tabna-id,
tabna-name1.
endselect.
if sy-subrc ne 0.
endif.
139
IN: Example of a Range
tables: lfa1.
data: begin of tab occurs 10. This internal table is the same one
sign (1), that is created automatically when
option (2),
a selection screen is processed. The
low like lfa1-lifnr,
high like lfa1-lifnr, RANGES statement builds the
end of tab. structure of the table
move:‘I’ to tab-sign, automatically.
‘BT’ to tab-option, RANGES <name> FOR <field>.
‘0000000001’ to tab-low,
‘9999999999’ to tab-high.
append tab. DATA: BEGIN OF <name>
select from lfa1 OCCURS <n>,
tables: lfa1.
where lifnr in tab. SIGN(1),
Ranges: tab for lfa1-lifnr.
write: / lfa1-lifnr, lfa1-name1. OPTION(2),
move:‘I’ to tab-sign,
endselect. LOW LIKE <field>,
‘BT’ to tab-option,
HIGH LIKE <field>,
‘0000000001’ toEND
tab-low,
OF <name>.
‘9999999999’ to tab-high.
append tab.
select* from lfa1
where lifnr in tab.
write: / lfa1-lifnr, lfa1-name1.
140 endselect.
The ORDER BY Clause
SELECT * FROM <table>
WHERE <condition>
½*&-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
*& Report Y170DM71 ORDER * BY <table field 1>
*& <table* field 2>
*&-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<table* field 3>
*& : *
*& *
:
*&-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
<table field n>.
report y170dm71.
PRIMARY KEY.
tables: lfa1.
ENDSELECT.
* Notice the order by clause below.----------------------------------------------
*
select* from lfa1
order by name1.
write: / lfa1-lifnr, lfa1-name1.
endselect.
141
The SELECT DISTINCT Statement
REPORT Y170DM72.
TABLES: TABNA.
DATA: CNTRY LIKE TABNA-COUNTRY.
SELECT DISTINCT COUNTRY

FROM TABNA INTO (CNTRY).
Using SELECT
WRITE: / CNTRY.
DISTINCT, it
ENDSELECT.
is possible
to eliminate
duplicate rows
from the
result set.
142
SELECT Using Aggregate Functions
REPORT Y170DM73.
TABLES: TABNA.
DATA: TOTAL TYPE I,
MAX_SALES LIKE TABNA-SALES,
AVG_SALES LIKE TABNA-SALES,
MIN_SALES LIKE TABNA-SALES.
SELECT COUNT( DISTINCT COUNTRY )

MAX( SALES )
AVG( SALES )
MIN( SALES )
FROM TABNA
INTO (TOTAL, MAX_SALES, AVG_SALES, MIN_SALES)
WHERE COUNTRY <> SPACE.
WRITE: / ‘Table TABNA Statistics’,

/ TOTAL, ‘Different Countries’,
/8 MIN_SALES, ‘Lowest Sales’,
/8 AVG_SALES, ‘Average Sales’,
/8 MAX_SALES, ‘Highest Sales’.
143
The Dynamic WHERE Clause
The parameters
REPORT Y170DM74. entered make up the
TABLES: TABNA. contents of the
PARAMETERS:
WHERE clause. The
WHERECL1(72) DEFAULT ‘COUNTRY = ‘ ‘USA’ ’ ’,
WHERECL2(3) DEFAULT ‘OR’, user has the option of
WHERECL3(72) DEFAULT ‘COUNTRY = ‘ ‘GB’ ’ ’.changing the
TYPE: BEGIN OF ITAB_RECORD, TEXT(72), conditions and
END OF ITAB_RECORD. dynamically effecting
DATA: WHERE_ITAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF
ITAB_RECORD INITIAL SIZE 3 WITH HEADER which way the
LINE. program will execute.
An internal table is created
WHERE_ITAB-TEXT = WHERECL1.
APPEND WHERE_ITAB.
which holds the WHERE
WHERE_ITAB-TEXT = WHERECL2. clause until it is used in the
APPEND WHERE_ITAB. SELECT statement.
WHERE_ITAB-TEXT = WHERECL3.
APPEND WHERE_ITAB.
SELECT * FROM TABNA WHERE (WHERE_ITAB).

WRITE: / TABNA-COUNTRY, TABNA-ID.
144 ENDSELECT.
CONCATENATE Statement
REPORT Y170DM74. CONCATENATE <source field 1>
TABLES: TABNA. <source field 2>
PARAMETERS: <source field 3>
:
WHERECL1(72) DEFAULT ‘COUNTRY = ‘ ‘USA’: ’ ’,
WHERECL2(3) DEFAULT ‘OR’, <source field n>
WHERECL3(72) DEFAULT ‘COUNTRYINTO
= ‘ ‘GB’ ’<target
’. field>
SEPARATED BY <constant>.
TYPE: BEGIN OF ITAB_RECORD,

TEXT(72),
END OF ITAB_RECORD.
DATA: WHERE_ITAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF

ITAB_RECORD INITIAL SIZE 3 WITH HEADER LINE.
CONCATENATE WHERECL1 WHERECL2 WHERECL3

INTO WHERE_ITAB-TEXT SEPARATED BY SPACE.
APPEND WHERE_ITAB.
SELECT * FROM TABNA WHERE (WHERE_ITAB).

WRITE: / TABNA-COUNTRY, TABNA-ID.
ENDSELECT.
145
Variations on the INTO Clause
SELECT * FROM <dbtable>

REPORT Y170DM75. INTO TABLE <internal table>
PACKAGE SIZE <n>.
TABLES: TABNA. ENDSELECT.
DATA: ITAB LIKE STANDARD TABLE OF

TABNA INITIAL SIZE 5 WITH HEADER LINE.
SELECT * FROM TABNA

INTO TABLE ITAB
PACKAGE SIZE 5.
LOOP AT ITAB.
WRITE: / ITAB-COUNTRY, ITAB-ID.
ENDLOOP.
146
ENDSELECT.
Specifying the Table Name at
Runtime
REPORT Y170DM76.
PARAMETERS: TAB_NAME(5) DEFAULT ‘TABNA’.
DATA: TABLE_LINE(240).
SELECT * FROM (TAB_NAME) INTO TABLE_LINE.
WRITE: / TABLE_LINE.
ENDSELECT.
147
Joins: Why We Should Use Them
• Joins are more efficient than logical databases and nested selects.
• They access multiple tables with one select statement.
148
Inner Joins
SCARR SFLIGHT
149
Inner Joins Syntax
SELECT <table1~field1 table1~field2
table2~field3. . . >
INTO (<target >)
FROM <table1 > INNER JOIN <table2 >
ON <table1~keyfield1 > = <table2~keyfield1 >

AND <table1~keyfield2 > =
<table2~keyfield2 >
AND . . .
WHERE . . .
ENDSELECT.
150
The Driving table
SELECT scarr~carrname sflight~carrid sflight~connid
sflight~fldate
INTO (carrid, connid, date, carrname)
FROM scarr INNER JOIN sflight
ON scarr~carrid = sflight~carrid.
WRITE: / carrid, connid, date, carrname.
ENDSELECT.
151
Left Outer Joins
SCARR SFLIGHT
152
Left Outer Join Syntax
SELECT <table1~field1 table1~field2
table2~field3. . . >
INTO (<target >)
FROM <table1 > LEFT OUTER JOIN <table2 >

AND <table1~keyfield2 > =
<table2~keyfield2 >
AND . . .
WHERE . . .
ENDSELECT.
153
Open SQL Syntax Restrictions
The syntax for joins have been given certain restrictions in order to insure that they
produce the same results for all SAP supported databases.
154
Redundancy
LFA1 BSIK
155
Joins Accessing More than Two
Tables
SELECT <table1~field1 table1~field2 table2~field3. . .
>
INTO (<target >)
FROM (<table1 > INNER JOIN <table2 >
AND <table1~keyfield2 > = <table2~keyfield2 >
AND . . .)
INNER JOIN <table3 >
ON <table1~keyfield > = <table3~keyfield >
AND . . .
WHERE . . .
ENDSELECT.
156
Aliases
SELECT A~carrname
B~carrid
B~connid
B~fldate
INTO (carrid, connid, date, carrname)
FROM scarr AS A INNER JOIN sflight AS B
ON scarr~carrid = sflight~carrid.
WRITE: / carrid, connid, date, carrname.
ENDSELECT.
157
Subquery
SCARR SFLIGHT
Which airlines are not found in the sflight table?
158
Subquery Syntax/Example
SELECT * FROM scarr

WHERE NOT carrid IN
( SELECT carrid FROM sflight ).
WRITE:/ scarr-carrid, scarr-carrname.
ENDSELECT.
159
Having Clause
List all Luftansa CONNIDs where the sum of

LUGGWEIGHT is < 20,000.
160
Having Clause Syntax/Example
SELECT carrid connid COUNT( *) SUM( luggweight )

INTO (carrid, connid, count, sum_weight) FROM sbook
WHERE carrid = 'LH'
GROUP BY carrid connid
HAVING SUM( luggweight ) > 25.
WRITE:/ carrid, connid, count, sum_weight.
ENDSELECT.
161
Authority Objects in SAP
162
The AUTHORITY-CHECK Statement
AUTHORITY-CHECK OBJECT ‘S_DEVELOP’

ID ‘DEVCLASS’ FIELD ‘YLJS’
ID ‘OBJTYPE’ DUMMY
ID ‘OBJNAME’ DUMMY
ID ‘P_GROUP’ DUMMY
ID ‘ACTVT’ DUMMY.
The AUTHORITY-CHECK The option DUMMY

lists the fields to be checked and suppresses the check for
verifies what the user is the specified field. The net
attempting to do against what effect is that the user can
the user is authorised to do. perform any activity on
development class YLJS.
163
Reacting to the AUTHORITY-
CHECK Statement
AUTHORITY-CHECK OBJECT ‘S_DEVELOP’

ID ‘DEVCLASS’ FIELD ‘YLJS’
ID ‘OBJTYPE’ DUMMY
ID ‘OBJNAME’ DUMMY
ID ‘P_GROUP’ DUMMY
ID ‘ACTVT’ DUMMY.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
WRITE: / ‘You are not authorised to development’,
‘class YLJS.’.
EXIT.
ENDIF.
164
Nested SELECT Loops
TABLES: KNA1, KNB1, BSID.
SELECT * FROM KNA1.
SELECT * FROM KNB1
WHERE KUNNR = KNA1-KUNNR.
WRITE: / ' ', KNB1-BUKRS.
SELECT * FROM BSID
WHERE KUNNR = KNB1-KUNNR
AND BUKRS = KNB1-BUKRS.
WRITE: / ' ', BSID-BELNR, BSID-BUDAT, BSID-DMBTR.
ENDSELECT.
ENDSELECT.
ULINE.
ENDSELECT.
165
Logical Database Programs
Logical Database Program
CT
SELE ECT
SEL ECT
SEL LECT
E
ENDS CT
D S ELE
EN
S EL ECT
END
Security
Checks
166
Event-Driven Programming
START-OF-SELECTION.
GET <table>.
GET <table> LATE.
END-OF-SELECTION.
167
Attaching Code to an Event
Event
168
The START-OF-SELECTION Event
169
The GET Event
170
The GET LATE Event
171
Behaviour of a Logical
Database Program
Logical Database Program
EL ECT
S CT
SELE CT
SELE LECT
E
ENDS ECT
N D S EL
E CT
E L E
Security ENDS
Checks
172
Selection Screens with Logical
Database Programs
173
The END-OF-SELECTION Event
174
Selection Screens
175
The SELECT-OPTIONS Statement
SELECT-OPTIONS <selection name> FOR <field name>

[DEFAULT <value> [TO <value>]]
???
176
Selection Tables
SIGN OPTION LOW HIGH
I BT 3 10
I EQ 1
E GE 7
177
Multi-Row Selection Tables
Click Here
To get Here
178
Creating User-Friendly Selection
Texts
Maintain Text
Elements
Selection Screen
179
Creating Parameters as Radio
Buttons
TABLES: KNA1
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK B1 WITH FRAME
TITLE TEXT-001.
PARAMETERS: ONE_TIME RADIOBUTTON GROUP GP1,
REGULAR RADIOBUTTON GROUP GP1,
BOTH RADIOBUTTON GROUP GP1
DEFAULT ‘X’.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK B1.
IF ONE_TIME = ‘X’.
PERFORM WRITE_ONE_TIME_CUST.
ELSEIF REGULAR = ‘X’.
PERFORM WRITE_REG_CUST.
ELSE.
PERFORM WRITE_CUST.
ENDIF.
180
Attaching Matchcodes to
Parameters
PARAMETERS: CUSTNO LIKE KNA1-KUNNR
MATCHCODE OBJECT DEBI.
181
Formatting the Selection Screen
SELECTION-SCREEN <option>.
SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP <n>.
SELECTION-SCREEN ULINE [ [/]<pos(len)>].
SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT [/]<pos(len)> <name> [FOR FIELD <f>].
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.

:
:
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.
SELECTION-SCREEN POSITION <pos>.

182
User Message
183
Error Message at the Selection
Screen
Using the AT SELECTION-SCREEN

event, access to the output can be
prevented until valid data is
entered on the selection screen
AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
AUTHORITY-CHECK OBJECT ‘F_KNA1_BUK’
ID ‘ACTVT’ DUMMY
ID ‘BUKRS’ FIELD BUKRS.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
MESSAGE E000 WITH BUKRS.
ENDIF. The selection screen is
continuously redisplayed until
valid data is entered or the
program is terminated
184
Table T100: Messages
185
Table T100: Messages
REPORT <report name> MESSAGE-ID <message-ID>.
MESSAGE <type><number> [WITH <up to four variables>].
Example
MESSAGE E001 WITH KNA1-KUNNR KNA1-BUKRS.
Message Types
A Abend
E Error
I Information
S Success
W Warning
186
Creating Message IDs and
Messages
1. Double-click on the newly
entered Message ID.
REPORT Z1_KB MESSAGE-ID zkb. 2. After being prompted

to create the message class,
3. After maintaining the message the Maintain Message
class and clicking on the Class screen appears.
MESSAGE tab, the Maintain
Message screen appears.
187
The Online Debugging Tool
188
The Online Debugging Display
Execution control
buttons. Click to display
current statement.
Source Code The program and the

event the debugger is processing.
189
Online Debugging Display Modes
Use these buttons
to page through
the code
Online debugging
navigation buttons
190
Displaying Field Contents
Buttons for
hexadecimal display
Area for watch variables. These are user chosen variables that can
be monitored as they change value during execution.
191
Displaying the Contents of an
Internal Table
Contents of
internal table
192
Replacing Field Values at Runtime
The ‘change’ button
193
Changing Internal Tables at Runtime
Initial Values of an Internal Table
Debugger
New Values of an Internal Table

194
Deleting a Row from an Internal
Table
The Delete Button
195
Editing a Row of an Internal Table
The Change button
196
Adding a Row to an Internal Table
The Insert and Append Buttons
197
Debugging Strategies
198
Using Breakpoints
199
Setting Static Breakpoints
CASE WORLD_SERIES.
WHEN COLORADO_ROCKIES.
WRITE ‘WORLD’S GREATEST TEAM’.
WHEN OTHERS.
WRITE ‘MAYBE NEXT YEAR’.
BREAK-POINT. Setting a static
breakpoint
ENDCASE.
200
Setting Dynamic Breakpoints
Use menu
path to add
break point
Double click here to

add break point
201
Displaying Dynamic Breakpoints
Double click on the “Stop” icon to

delete a break-point
202
Setting Breakpoints at Keywords or
Events
Menu path to create / change /

delete a break-point
203
Setting Watchpoints
Create watchpoint
buttons
Create
watchpoint
screen
Logical Operators to compare watch point variable’s value
204
Watch points overview screen
Button to
display watch
point overview
screen
Watch point
change/delete
Logical Operators
between watch points
205
Deleting and Deactivating
Breakpoints
206
Deleting and Deactivating
Dynamic Breakpoints
207
Debugging Without Breakpoints
208
Switching to the ABAP Editor from
within the Debugger
@#!##?*&% No Problem!
Debugging Editing
209
Releasing the Database During
Debugging
210
211

Introduction À SAP ABAP Procédural

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ABAP Programming language

o Développement de Rapports et Etats : ALV

Advanced Business Application Programming

ABAP Dictionary Test & Analysis Tools

Repository Browser Function Builder

Menu Painter Data Modeler

Screen Painter Workbench Organizer

• Programs can be written interactively using the

Program source entry area

To set Editor mode,

DATA COUNT TYPE I.

Word 1 Word 2 Word 3 Word 4

Key word Parameter, field, or constant

DATA COUNT TYPE I.

WRITE: TITLE, COUNT.

An asterisk (*) in column

Program Name Area

Program title is required

WRITE 10 ‘***** City of Philadelphia *****’.

Ticket Date 01/01/1997

***** Department of Public Safety *****

Ticket Date 01/01/1997

***** Department of Public Safety *****

WRITE <format> <value> <options> .

Ticket Date 01/01/1997

***** Department of Public Safety *****

WRITE: /10 ICON_DATE AS ICON, SY-DATUM,

The title comes from

List header will replace

Up to four lines of column

WRITE: / TEXT-001, BIRTHDAY,

Text symbols are

C: Character Text N: Numeric Text

F: Floating Point # X: Hexadecimal #

DATA: PLAYER(35) TYPE C,

DATA: PLAYER(35) TYPE C,

DATA: PLAYER(35) TYPE C VALUE ‘Julius Erving’,

Use the “LIKE” addition to declare fields

DATA: PLAYER(35) TYPE C VALUE ‘Julius Erving’,

The “VALUE” addition

CONSTANTS: TEAM1(20) TYPE C VALUE ‘76ers’,

If you attempt to change the value of a constant, a syntax error

TYPES: NAME(35) TYPE C,

A user-defined data type created with the “TYPES” statement is used to

C = defined length C = left-justified

MOVE <value> TO <field>.

MOVE ‘President’ TO TITLE.

Spacing is very important when using arithmetic expressions!!!

DATA: CUSTOMER(10) TYPE C, Use an offset and length

WRITE: / CUSTOMER+8(2), ‘xx’,

DATA: DAYSOLD TYPE P, Date fields store values as

DAYSOLD = TODAY - DOB.

WRITE: ‘You are’, DAYSOLD, ‘days old.’.

You are 12410 days old.

PARAMETERS: NUM TYPE I,

These selection texts will

WRITE: / ‘Line 1:’, NUM, <F1>, <F2>,

WRITE: / ‘Line 2:’, NUM, <F1>,

WRITE: / ‘text line =‘, TEXT_LINE.

ASSIGN (FIELD) TO <FSYMBOL>.

FIELD SY-UZEIT Selection Screen

The contents of field SY-UZEIT 12:32:06 List

Open SQL - a subset of standard SQL

WRITE 10 ‘* City of Philadelphia *’.

* Department of Public Safety *

* Department of Public Safety *

* Department of Public Safety *