Pisa 2000

#ONNAISSANCESETCOMPTENCES
DESATOUTSPOURLAVIE
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ORGANISATION DE COOPRATION
ET DE DVELOPPEMENT CONOMIQUES
En vertu de larticle 1
er
de la Convention signe le 14 dcembre 1960, Paris, et entre en vigueur
le 30 septembre 1961, lOrganisation de Coopration et de Dveloppement conomiques (OCDE) a pour
objectif de promouvoir des politiques visant :
raliser la plus forte expansion de lconomie et de lemploi et une progression du niveau de
vie dans les pays Membres, tout en maintenant la stabilit financire, et contribuer ainsi au
dveloppement de lconomie mondiale ;
contribuer une saine expansion conomique dans les pays Membres, ainsi que les pays non
membres, en voie de dveloppement conomique ;
contribuer lexpansion du commerce mondial sur une base multilatrale et non discriminatoire
conformment aux obligations internationales.
Les pays Membres originaires de lOCDE sont : lAllemagne, lAutriche, la Belgique, le Canada, le
Danemark, lEspagne, les tats-Unis, la France, la Grce, lIrlande, lIslande, lItalie, le Luxembourg, la
Norvge, les Pays-Bas, le Portugal, le Royaume-Uni, la Sude, la Suisse et la Turquie. Les pays suivants
sont ultrieurement devenus Membres par adhsion aux dates indiques ci-aprs : le Japon
(28 avril 1964), la Finlande (28 janvier 1969), lAustralie (7 juin 1971), la Nouvelle-Zlande (29 mai 1973),
le Mexique (18 mai 1994), la Rpublique tchque (21 dcembre 1995), la Hongrie (7 mai 1996), la Pologne
(22 novembre 1996), la Core (12 dcembre 1996) et la Rpublique slovaque (14 dcembre 2000).
La Commission des Communauts europennes participe aux travaux de lOCDE (article 13 de la
Convention de lOCDE).
Also available in English under the title:
KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS FOR LIFE
FIRST RESULTS FROM PISA 2000
OCDE 2001
Les permissions de reproduction partielle usage non commercial ou destine une formation doivent tre
adresses au Centre franais dexploitation du droit de copie (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris,
France, tl. (33-1) 44 07 47 70, fax (33-1) 46 34 67 19, pour tous les pays lexception des tats-Unis. Aux tats-Unis,
lautorisation doit tre obtenue du Copyright Clearance Center, Service Client, (508)750-8400, 222 Rosewood Drive,
Danvers, MA 01923 USA, ou CCC Online : www.copyright.com. Toute autre demande dautorisation de reproduction ou de
traduction totale ou partielle de cette publication doit tre adresse aux ditions de lOCDE, 2, rue Andr-Pascal,
75775 Paris Cedex 16, France.
!6!.402/0/3
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ccs o||cctiis cc l`c:scig:cuc:t, : lc |iis cc uct|occs :ovt:iccs qui t:cuisc:t ccs |ugcuc:ts su: lcs
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couctc:cc o|sc:vccs l:cc quìl sc co:cc:t:c su: lcs FINALITS cc l`c:scig:cuc:t ct :o: su: lcs MOYENS
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c:scig:cuc:t ct uicux :c:c: lcs |cu:cs ii:c lcu: c:t:cc c:s l vic cultc, c:s u: uo:cc c: lci:c
uuttio: lcc sous lc sig:c cc l uo:cilistio:
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:tici:ts ct quc lcs gouvc::cuc:ts cc ccs ,s ci:igc:t co:|oi:tcuc:t c: io:ctio: cc :coccutio:s
couuu:cs touc|:t l`ctio: ccs ouvoi:s u|lics lcs ,s :tici:ts ssuuc:t l :cso:s|ilitc
olitiquc cu :o|ct : l`c:t:cuisc cu o:scil ccs ,s :tici:ts Dcs cxc:ts ccs ,s :tici:ts
cooc:c:t u sci: cc g:oucs cc t:vil vis:t :clic: lcs o||cctiis c`ctio: olitiquc cu :og:uuc ux
ucillcu:cs couctc:ccs tcc|:iqucs ciso:i|lcs c:s lc coui:c cc l`cvlutio: cou:tivc i:tc::tio:lc
cu :c:ccuc:t scoli:c l: coll|o::t ux t:vux cc ccs g:oucs c`cxc:ts, lcs ,s vcillc:t cc quc lcs
i:st:uuc:ts c`cvlutio: utiliscs c:s lc cc:c cu llA soic:t vliccs su: lc l: i:tc::tio:l, :c::c:t c:
coutc lc co:tcxtc cultu:cl ct ccuctii ccs ciiic:c:ts ,s cc l`Dl, oii:c:t u:c ltcio:uc cc ucsu:cs
:clistc ct, c:ii:, ucttc:t l`ccc:t su: lùt|c:ticitc ct l vlicitc ccs co::ccs su: lc l: ccuctii lcs
cc:cs c`cvlutio: ct lcs i:st:uuc:ts cc tcst cu c,clc llA !000 so:t lc i:uit cc lusicu:s ::ccs cc t:vil
ct o:t ctc cotcs : lcs ,s \cu|:cs cc l`Dl c: ccccu|:c 1---
AVA:Ilkl
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#ONNAISSANCES ET COMPTENCES DES ATOUTS POUR LA VIE :csc:tc lcs :cuic:s :csultts cu c,clc llA !000 ll
ccc:it lcs couctc:ccs c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, c: cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:tiiiquc ccs clcvcs,
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t ct ccs ,s, cc::c lcs ictcu:s qui i:iluc:cc:t lc ccvclocuc:t cc ccs
couctc:ccs t:t l`ccolc qu` l uiso: ct :l,sc lcs i:tc:ctio:s cc ccs ictcu:s i:si quc lcu:s
iulictio:s ou: lcs olitiqucs
lc llA :cvclc u:c v:itio: sc:si|lc cu :ivcu cc c:io:u:cc c:t:c clcvcs, c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts ct
c:t:c ,s ll uo:t:c quc si lc co:tcxtc sociocco:ouiquc ccs clcvcs ct ccs ct|lisscuc:ts i:iluc:cc
co:sicc:|lcuc:t l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs, so: iuct ciiic:c sclo: lcs ,s lù:c ccs co:clusio:s
cciii:tcs cu llA cst quc cc:ti:s ccs ,s qui o:t :cussi ttc:uc: lcs ciicts cù:c i:ic:io:itc socio
cco:ouiquc iigu:c:t :ui ccux qui :clisc:t ussi lcs ucillcu:cs c:io:u:ccs uo,c::cs l`cxc:ic:cc
cc ccs ,s ccuo:t:c quìl cst ossi|lc cc :clcvc: lc :ivcu cc c:io:u:cc tout c: :ccuis:t lcs i:cglitcs,
ct l:cc u: ccii ux ut:cs ,s c: ccuo:t::t quc qulitc ct cglitc :c so:t s i:couti|lcs
lcs :csultts cu llA suggc:c:t quc lcs ct|lisscuc:ts cuvc:t voi: u:c i:iluc:cc cccisivc su: l
c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs Dcs :l,scs lus :oio:cics coivc:t ccc:c:t `t:c uc:ccs ou: cctc:ui:c:
lus :cciscuc:t lc uocc cì:tc:ctio: c:t:c :cssou:ccs, olitiqucs ct :tiqucs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cù:c
:t ct lc uilicu socil ccs clcvcs cùt:c :t, i:si quc lcu: iuct su: lcs :csultts scoli:cs lcs :o:ts
t|cutiqucs lus cctillcs qui sc:o:t u|lics c: !00! ct !00! c:uctt:o:t cc uicux :c|c:cc: lcs
otio:s olitiqucs quc cuvc:t cotc: lcs ,s ct lcs ct|lisscuc:ts c:s cc coui:c Dìci l, svoi: quc
c:s cc:ti:s ,s l lu:t ccs clcvcs o|tic::c:t ccs :csultts cc g::cc qulitc cst c:cou:gc:t c: soi
ct co::c c:sc: quc cct o||cctii :` :ic: cùtoiquc
c :o:t cst lc i:uit ccs ciio:ts co:cc:tcs ccs ,s :tici:ts cu llA, ccs cxc:ts ct ccs i:stitutio:s
co:stitu:t lc co:so:tiuu llA ct cc l`Dl ll ctc :ccigc : l Di:cctio: cc l`ccuctio:, cc l`culoi,
cu t:vil ct ccs iii:cs socilcs cc l`Dl, :i:cilcuc:t : A:c:cs c|lcic|c:, c: coll|o:tio:
vcc Alctt G:is,, l::, \cGw, luci Iussi, kic|:c Io|i: ct Dougls Willus ;qui |ouc u:
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ctc :c:ccs : lc co:so:tiuu llA, sous l ci:cctio: cc k,uo:c Acus ct cc |:isti: \o:scu:, cc
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lc :csc:t :o:t cst u|lic sous l :cso:s|ilitc cu cc:cti:c gc:c:l cc l`Dl
*OHN0-ARTIN
Di:cctio: cc l`ccuctio:, cc l`culoi,
cu t:vil ct ccs iii:cs socilcs cc l`Dl
%UGENE/WEN
l:csicc:t cu o:scil ccs ,s
:tici:ts cu llA
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|it:c 1 Ie rrogramme internationai de i`GcDI pour ie suivi des acquis des ives 1!
Vuc c`c:scu|lc cu llA 1+
l`:oc|c cu llA 1
lò||ct ccs ucsu:cs cu llA 1-
l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it c:s lc llA !!
l cultu:c ut|cutiquc c:s lc llA !!
l cultu:c scic:ti|quc c:s lc llA !.
lcs uct|occs c`cvlutio: ct cc collcctc cc co::ccs cu llA !o
l:tc::cttio: ccs :csultts cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !
l`cxloittio: cu llA ccs |:s olitiqucs !-
lc ccvclocuc:t cu llA u:c i:ititivc co:cc:tcc !0
t:uctu:c cu :o:t !1
Guide du iecteur !!
|it:c ! Queis acquis ie rIsA a-t-ii mis en iumire chez ies ives de 1s ans :
rroi de perormance des ives en comprhension de i`crit !.
l:t:ocuctio: !o
l`cvlutio: cc l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it c:s llA !o
lou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs c|quc :ivcu cc couctc:cc cc l`cc|cllc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it +o
:ivcu cc couctc:cc . ;:csultt suc:icu: o!. oi:ts, +o
:ivcu cc couctc:cc + ;:csultt cou:is c:t:c ..! ct o!. oi:ts, +
:ivcu cc couctc:cc ! ;:csultt cou:is c:t:c +1 ct ..! oi:ts, +-
:ivcu cc couctc:cc ! ;:csultt c:t:c +0 ct +0 oi:ts, .0
:ivcu cc couctc:cc 1 ;:csultt cou:is c:t:c !!. ct +0 oi:ts,
ou c: cc ;:csultt i:ic:icu: !!. oi:ts, .0
Attc:tcs c: cc qui co:cc::c lcs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs .!
l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c ccs ,s .+
l :c:titio: cc l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it c:s lcs ,s .
V:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts o!
o:clusio:s 0
|it:c ! Queis acquis ie rIsA a-t-ii mis en iumire chez ies ives de 1s ans :
rroi de perormance des ives en cuiture mathmatique et scientique .
l:t:ocuctio: o
lc:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c: cultu:c ut|cutiquc
\occ c`cvlutio: cc l cultu:c ut|cutiquc c:s lc llA
l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c ccs ,s c: cultu:c ut|cutiquc +
kc:titio: cc l cultu:c ut|cutiquc c:s lcs ,s
lc:io:u:cc c: cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it -
lc:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c: cultu:c scic:ti|quc -0
\occ c`cvlutio: cc l cultu:c scic:ti|quc c:s lc llA -0
IAlll Dl \AIllkl
o
lc:io:u:cc uo,c::c ccs ,s c: cultu:c scic:ti|quc -.
kc:titio: cc l cultu:c scic:ti|quc c:s lcs ,s -.
lc:io:u:cc c: cultu:c scic:ti|quc ct c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it -.
Dcc:scs c: ccuctio: ct c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs c: cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:ti|quc -
o:clusio:s 101
|it:c + Rsuitats gnrau de iàpprentissage 10.
l:t:ocuctio: 10o
\otivtio: ct c:ggcuc:t l`cg:c cc l`ccolc 10
l:tc:`t ou: l lcctu:c ct lcs ut|cutiqucs 10
Activitcs cc lcctu:c ct c:ggcuc:t l`cg:c cc l lcctu:c 11!
l:ggcuc:t lus gc:c:l l`cg:c cc l`ccolc 11o
t:tcgics c`:c:tissgc 11
\it:isc cu :occssus c`:c:tissgc 11
\cuo:istio: ct cl|o:tio: 1!1
A:c:tissgc couctitii ct c: coll|o:tio: 1!!
lì:io:utiquc u sc:vicc cc l`:c:tissgc 1!+
o:clusio:s 1!
|it:c . Dirences entre ies sees 1!1
l:t:ocuctio: 1!!
Diiic:c:ccs c:t:c lcs scxcs c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ct c: cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:ti|quc 1!!
l:tc:`t ou: lcs utic:cs ct ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c lcs scxcs 1!-
Diiic:c:ccs c:t:c lcs scxcs c: utic:c cc gout ou: l lcctu:c 1+1
Diiic:c:ccs cc st:tcgics c`:c:tissgc ct cìugc cc soi c:t:c lcs scxcs 1++
o:clusio:s 1+o
|it:c o Miiieu amiiiai et perormance des ives 1+-
l:t:ocuctio: 1.0
ttut :oicssio::cl 1.1
kic|cssc iuililc 1..
lic:s ct ctivitcs lics l cultu:c clssiquc 1.o
ouuu:ictio: socilc ct cultu:cllc 1.-
:ivcu cc io:utio: ccs :c:ts 1o!
t:uctu:c iuililc 1o+
licu cc :iss:cc ct l:guc :lcc l uiso: 1oo
o:clusio:s 1o-
|it:c Iènvironnement dàpprentissage et iòrganisation de iènseignement 1!
l:t:ocuctio: 1+
liut u sci: cc l`ct|lisscuc:t ct cc l clssc 1+
outic: ccs c:scig::ts 1+
lctcu:s t:ou|l:t lc cliut cc l`ct|lisscuc:t ct iuut|lcs ux clcvcs 1
lctcu:s t:ou|l:t lc cliut cc ciscili:c ct iuut|lcs ux c:scig::ts 1!
l`:c:tissgc c: cc|o:s cu cc:c scoli:c 1+
IAlll Dl \AIllkl
kcssou:ccs i:vcstics c:s l`c:scig:cuc:t 1o

lc:u:ic c`c:scig::ts 1o
l qulitc ccs i:i:st:uctu:cs utc:icllcs ct ccs :cssou:ccs ccuctivcs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts 1
A:oc|cs cc l gcstio: ct cu |::ccuc:t ccs ct|lisscuc:ts 1-0
cctcu: u|lic ct scctcu: :ivc 1-!
o:clusio:s 1-o
|it:c Ies rsuitats du rIsA - queiques considrations dòrdre poiitique 1--
l:t:ocuctio: lcs i:0uc:ccs lì:tc:icu: ct l`cxtc:icu: cu cc:c scoli:c !00
l :cltio: c:t:c lc uilicu sociocco:ouiquc ct l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs !01
Vuc c`c:scu|lc !01
l v:itio: cc lìuct sociocco:ouiquc sclo: lcs ,s !0!
lcs civc:s sccts cu uilicu sociocco:ouiquc !0-
lc :lc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c:s l`ttc:utio: cc lìuct cu ccsv:tgc sociocco:ouiquc !1!
\ilicu sociocco:ouiquc ct v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts !1+
l: quoi lc sttut socil ccs ct|lisscuc:ts i:0uc:cctil lìuct
cu uilicu iuilil cc lcu:s clcvcs !1.
lctcu:s lics ux ct|lisscuc:ts ct susccti|lcs c`cc:oit:c lc :ivcu cc c:io:u:cc
ct c`ttc:uc: lìuct cu uilicu sociocco:ouiquc !1-
o:clusio:s !!-
2FRENCES !!.
Annee A
A::cxc A1 o:st:uctio: ccs i:ciccs ct ut:cs ucsu:cs cc:ivccs :ti:
ccs qucstio::i:cs clcvc ct ct|lisscuc:t !!
A::cxc A! V:itio: cxliqucc cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs !+
A::cxc A! loultio: ci|lc ct cc|:tillo:s cu llA !.0
A::cxc A+ l::cu:s t,cs, tcsts cc sig:i|ctio: ct cou:iso:s uultilcs !.
A::cxc A. Assu::cc qulitc !.
A::cxc Ao Dcvclocuc:t ccs i:st:uuc:ts c`cvlutio: cu llA !.-
A::cxc A li|ilitc cc l co::cctio: ccs itcus :co:sc ouvc:tc !o!
Annee B
A::cxc l1 I|lcux cc co::ccs ccs c|it:cs !oo
A::cxc l! Diiic:c:ccs cc c:io:u:cc c:t:c l ouuu:utc 0u:cc ct l ouuu:utc i::isc
cc lclgiquc ct c:t:c lcs ciiic:c:tcs couuu:utcs li:guistiqucs cc uissc !!
Annee c
Dcvclocuc:t ct uisc c: ouv:c cu llA u:c i:ititivc co:cc:tcc !!-
IAlll Dl \AIllkl
,ISTEDESFIGURES
ligu:c 11 l,s :tici:ts cu llA 1.
ligu:c 1! :ivcu c`ccuctio:, littc:tic, ct :o||ilitc cò|tc:i: u: culoi cc cc:c |utcuc:t quli|c !1
ligu:c !1 c quc ucsu:c:t lcs cc|cllcs cc couctc:cc !
ligu:c !! lxculcs cìtcus cc lcctu:c cui:ist:cs c:s llA +0
ligu:c !! lou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs c|quc :ivcu cc couctc:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it +
ligu:c !+ ou:iso:s uultilcs cc l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it .o
ligu:c !. kc:titio: ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it .-
ligu:c !o V:itio: ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs c:t:c ct u sci: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc
cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it o.
ligu:c !1 lxculcs cìtcus ut|cutiqucs utiliscs c:s llA 0
ligu:c !! ou:iso:s uultilcs cc l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc .
ligu:c !! kc:titio: ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cc l cultu:c ut|cutiquc o
ligu:c !+ lxculcs cìtcus scic:ti|qucs utiliscs c:s llA -!
ligu:c !. ou:iso:s uultilcs cc l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c scic:ti|quc -o
ligu:c !o kc:titio: ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cc l cultu:c scic:ti|quc -
ligu:c ! lc:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs ct :cvc:u :tio:l --
ligu:c !| lc:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs ct ccc:scs : clcvcs --
ligu:c +1 l:tc:`t ou: l lcctu:c ct lcs ut|cutiqucs ct c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs 10-
ligu:c +! Gout ou: l lcctu:c ct c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs 11!
ligu:c +! Icus co:sc:c l lcctu:c ou: lc loisi: ct c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs 11.
ligu:c ++ l:ggcuc:t lus gc:c:l l`cg:c cc l`ccolc 11
ligu:c +. Auto:cgultio: cu :occssus c`:c:tissgc ct c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs 11-
ligu:c +o t:tcgics cc ucuo:istio: ct c`cl|o:tio:, ct c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs 1!!
ligu:c + A:c:tissgc c: coll|o:tio: ct couctitii 1!.
ligu:c + l:tc:`t ou: lì:io:utiquc 1!o
ligu:c +- o:|:cc c: soi ct ccitc c:uc c: i:io:utiquc 1!
ligu:c .1 Diiic:c:ccs c:s lcs c:io:u:ccs sclo: lc scxc 1!+
ligu:c .! l:oo:tio: c`clcvcs cc scxcs usculi: ct icui:i: :ui lcs clcvcs sc situ:t u |s
cc l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it 1!
ligu:c .! kcltio: c:t:c lì:tc:`t ou: l lcctu:c ct l c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc
cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, sclo: lc scxc 1!-
ligu:c .!| kcltio: c:t:c lì:tc:`t ou: lcs ut|cutiqucs ct l c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc
cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc, sclo: lc scxc 1+0
ligu:c .+ Diiic:c:ccs c:t:c lcs scxcs c: utic:c cc gout ou: l lcctu:c ttituccs l`cg:c cc l lcctu:c 1+1
ligu:c .. Diiic:c:ccs c:t:c lcs scxcs c: utic:c cc gout ou: l lcctu:c tcus co:sc:c l lcctu:c ou: lc lisi: 1+!
ligu:c .o Diiic:c:ccs c:t:c lcs scxcs c: utic:c cc gout ou: l lcctu:c v:ictc ccs lcctu:cs 1+!
ligu:c . kcltio: c:t:c lìugc cc soi : :o:t l lcctu:c ct l c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc
cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, sclo: lc scxc 1+.
ligu:c .| kcltio: c:t:c lìugc cc soi : :o:t ux ut|cutiqucs ct l c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc
cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc, sclo: lc scxc 1+.
ligu:c o1 ttut :oicssio::cl ccs :c:ts ct c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs 1.!
ligu:c o! lt:iuoi:c cultu:cl lic l cultu:c clssiquc ct c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs 1.
ligu:c o! ouuu:ictio: socilc ct cultu:cllc vcc lcs :c:ts ct c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs 1o1
ligu:c o+ :ivcu cc io:utio: cc l uc:c ct c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs 1o!
ligu:c o. licu cc :iss:cc, l:guc :lcc l uiso: ct c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs 1o
IAlll Dl \AIllkl
-
ligu:c 1 outic: ccs c:scig::ts ct c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs 1o
ligu:c ! lc cliut c`:c:tissgc lc oi:t cc vuc ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t 1
ligu:c ! lc cliut c`:c:tissgc lc oi:t cc vuc ccs clcvcs 1-
ligu:c + lc cliut c`:c:tissgc s,:t|csc 11
ligu:c . lctcu:s t:ou|l:t lc cliut cc ciscili:c ct iuut|lcs ux c:scig::ts 1!
ligu:c o Icus co:sc:c ux ccvoi:s 1.
ligu:c loi:t cc vuc ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t su: l qulitc ccs :cssou:ccs ccuctivcs cc l`ct|lisscuc:t 1-
ligu:c Auto:ouic cc l`ct|lisscuc:t ct c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs 1-1
ligu:c - lc:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ct gcstio: :ivcc ct u|liquc 1-.
ligu:c 1 kcltio: c:t:c l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ct lc co:tcxtc sociocco:ouiquc ou: l`c:scu|lc
cc l zo:c Dl !01
ligu:c ! ct !c
kcltio: c:t:c l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ct lc co:tcxtc sociocco:ouiquc ou: c|quc ,s !0+!0
ligu:c + luct cu sttut sociocco:ouiquc ccs clcvcs ct ccs ct|lisscuc:ts su: l c:io:u:cc
su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it !1o
ligu:c . liict uo,c: cu :o:t clcvcsc:scig::t su: l c:io:u:cc :cliscc : lcs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc
cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, ou: tous lcs ,s cc l`Dl !!0
,ISTEDESENCADRS
l:cc:c 11 llA !000 u:c cvlutio: ccs clcvcs cc 1. :s, :o:uliscc l`cc|clo: i:tc::tio:l 1o
l:cc:c 1! D: :ivcu suc:icu: cc littc:tic uclio:ctil lcs c:scctivcs c`culoi !0
l:cc:c !1 ouuc:t li:c l |gu:c !! !-
l:cc:c !! l:tc::ctc: lcs sttistiqucs c`cc|:tillo:gc ..
l:cc:c !! l:tc::ctc: lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:s lcs :csultts llA qucllc cst lìuo:t:cc ccs cc:ts o1
l:cc:c !+ lctcu:s co:t:i|u:t l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts o
l:cc:c +1 l:tc::cttio: cc lùtocvlutio: ccs clcvcs 10
l:cc:c .1 lcs cc:ts cc c:io:u:ccs c: ut|cutiqucs ct c: scic:ccs c:t:c lcs scxcs cvoluc:t vcc l`gc 1!!
l:cc:c o1 l:tc::cttio: ccs i:ciccs llA 1.0
l:cc:c o! ouuc:t li:c l |gu:c o1 1.1
l:cc:c 1 l:tc::cttio: ccs i:ciccs llA 1+
l:cc:c 1 ouuc:t li:c l |gu:c 1 !0!
l:cc:c ! ou:iso: cc l`ciict cc civc:s ictcu:s !!!
l:cc:c ! ouuc:t li:c lc t|lcu o !!
,ISTEDESTABLEAUX
I|lcu A11 :ivcux c`c:scig:cuc:t ccs :c:ts co:vc:tis c: :ou|:c c`::ccs c`ctuccs !+0
I|lcu A!1 V:itio: cxliqucc cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ;k
!
, !+!+-
I|lcu A!1 loultio:s ci|lcs ct cc|:tillo:s cu llA !.1
I|lcu A!! Iux cc :co:sc !..
I|lcu Ao1 kc:titio: ccs itcus sclo: lcs ciuc:sio:s cu cc:c c`cvlutio: llA cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it !.-
I|lcu Ao! kc:titio: ccs itcus sclo: lcs ciuc:sio:s cu cc:c c`cvlutio: llA cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc !o0
I|lcu Ao! kc:titio: ccs itcus sclo: lcs ciuc:sio:s cu cc:c c`cvlutio: llA cc cultu:c scic:ti|quc !o1
I|lcu !1 lou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs c|quc :ivcu cc couctc:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it !oo
I|lcu !1| lou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs c|quc :ivcu cc couctc:cc su: l`cc|cllc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it kct:ouvc: cc lì:io:utio: !o
I|lcu !1c lou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs c|quc :ivcu cc couctc:cc su: l`cc|cllc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it l:tc::ctc: lc tcxtc !o
I|lcu !1c lou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs c|quc :ivcu cc couctc:cc su: l`cc|cllc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it kc0cc|i: su: lc co:tc:u cu tcxtc !o-
I|lcu !! ou:iso:s uultilcs cc l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c su: l`cc|cllc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it kct:ouvc: cc lì:io:utio: !0
IAlll Dl \AIllkl
10
I|lcu !!| ou:iso:s uultilcs cc l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c su: l`cc|cllc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it l:tc::ctc: lc tcxtc !1
I|lcu !!c ou:iso:s uultilcs cc l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c su: l`cc|cllc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it kc0cc|i: su: lc co:tc:u cu tcxtc !!
I|lcu !! kc:titio: ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it !!
I|lcu !!| kc:titio: ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it kct:ouvc: cc lì:io:utio: !+
I|lcu !!c kc:titio: ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it l:tc::ctc: lc tcxtc !.
I|lcu !!c kc:titio: ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it kc0cc|i: su: lc co:tc:u cu tcxtc !o
I|lcu !+ V:itio: ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs c:t:c ct u sci: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc
cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it !
I|lcu !. cuil cc :cussitcc`cc|cc |xc : l`ct|lisscuc:t ou l`c:scig::t tituli:c, su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc
cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it !
I|lcu !1 kc:titio: ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc !-
I|lcu !! cuil cc :cussitcc`cc|cc |xc : l`ct|lisscuc:t ou l`c:scig::t tituli:c su: l`cc|cllc
cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc !0
I|lcu !! kc:titio: ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c scic:ti|quc !1
I|lcu !+ cuil cc :cussitcc`cc|cc |xc : l`ct|lisscuc:t ou l`c:scig::t tituli:c su: l`cc|cllc
cc cultu:c scic:ti|quc !!
I|lcu !. kc:titio: ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs c:t:c ct u sci: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts su: lcs cc|cllcs
cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:ti|quc !!
I|lcu !o lc:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, su: l`cc|cllc
cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c scic:ti|quc, ct :cvc:u :tio:l !+
I|lcu +1 l:cicc cì:tc:`t ou: l lcctu:c ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !.
I|lcu +! l:cicc cì:tc:`t ou: lcs ut|cutiqucs ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc,
: qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !o
I|lcu +! l:cicc cu gout ou: l lcctu:c ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it,
: qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !
I|lcu ++ Icus : |ou: quc lcs clcvcs co:sc:c:t l lcctu:c ou: lc loisi: ct c:io:u:cc
su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it !
I|lcu +. l:cicc cc st:tcgics cùto:cgultio: ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !-
I|lcu +o l:cicc cc st:tcgics cc ucuo:istio: ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !-0
I|lcu + l:cicc cc st:tcgics c`cl|o:tio: ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !-1
I|lcu + l:cicc c`:c:tissgc c: coll|o:tio: ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !-!
I|lcu +- l:cicc c`:c:tissgc couctitii ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !-!
I|lcu +10 l:cicc cì:tc:`t ou: lì:io:utiquc ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !-+
I|lcu +11 l:cicc cc co:|:cc c: soi ct cc ccitc c:uc c: i:io:utiquc, ct c:io:u:cc
su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !-.
I|lcu .1 lc:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su: lcs cc|cllcs cou|i:ccs cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it,
cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct cc cultu:c scic:ti|quc, sclo: lc scxc !-o
I|lcu .1| lc:io:u:cc : scxc su: lcs cc|cllcs kct:ouvc: cc lì:io:utio: , l:tc::ctc: lc tcxtc
ct kc0cc|i: su: lc co:tc:u cu tcxtc !-
IAlll Dl \AIllkl
11
I|lcu .! lou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs c|quc :ivcu cc couctc:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it, sclo: lc scxc !-
I|lcu .!| lou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs o|tc::t u: sco:c i:ic:icu: +00 oi:ts ct suc:icu: o00 oi:ts
su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc !--
I|lcu .! Icus : |ou: quc lcs clcvcs co:sc:c:t l lcctu:c ou: lcu: loisi: !00
I|lcu .+ l:cicc cìugc cc soi c: lcctu:c, sclo: lc scxc, ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !01
I|lcu .+| l:cicc cìugc cc soi c: ut|cutiquc, sclo: lc scxc, ct c:io:u:cc
su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !0!
I|lcu o1 l:cicc sociocco:ouiquc i:tc::tio:l cc sttut :oicssio::cl ;lll, ct c:io:u:cc
su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !0!
I|lcu o1| l:cicc sociocco:ouiquc i:tc::tio:l cc sttut :oicssio::cl ;lll, ct c:io:u:cc
su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !0+
I|lcu o1c l:cicc sociocco:ouiquc i:tc::tio:l cc sttut :oicssio::cl ;lll, ct c:io:u:cc
su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c scic:ti|quc, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !0.
I|lcu o! l:cicc cc :ic|cssc iuililc ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it,
: qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !0o
I|lcu o! l:cicc cc t:iuoi:c cultu:cl iuilil ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
I|lcu o+ l:cicc c`ctivitcs c: lic: vcc l cultu:c citc clssiquc ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc
cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !0
I|lcu o. l:cicc cc couuu:ictio: socilc vcc lcs :c:ts ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc
cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !0-
I|lcu oo l:cicc cc couuu:ictio: cultu:cllc vcc lcs :c:ts c: lic: vcc ccs sccts cc l cultu:c ct c:io:u:cc
su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !10
I|lcu o lou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs ct c:io:u:cc su: lcs cc|cllcs cou|i:ccs cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it,
cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:ti|quc, c: io:ctio: cu :ivcu cc io:utio: cc l uc:c !11
I|lcu o lou:cc:tgc cc l oultio: cultc ,:t coulctc lc :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t tc:tii:c
ct :o||ilitc cò|tc:i: u: ciluc cc :ivcu tc:tii:c sclo: lc :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t ccs :c:ts !1!
I|lcu o- t:uctu:c iuililc ccs clcvcs ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it,
sclo: l st:uctu:c iuililc !1!
I|lcu o10 lou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs ct c:io:u:cc su: lcs cc|cllcs cou|i:ccs cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it,
cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:ti|quc, c: io:ctio: cc l :tio:litc ccs clcvcs
ct cc ccllc cc lcu:s :c:ts !1!
I|lcu o11 lc:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su: lcs cc|cllcs cou|i:ccs cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it,
cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:ti|quc, c: io:ctio: cc l l:guc :lcc l uiso: !1+
I|lcu 1 l:cicc cc soutic: ccs c:scig::ts ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !1.
I|lcu ! l:cicc ccs ictcu:s t:ou|l:t lc cliut cc l`ct|lisscuc:t iuut|lcs ux clcvcs ct :csultts
su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !1o
I|lcu ! l:cicc cu cliut cc ciscili:c ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
I|lcu + l:cicc ccs ictcu:s t:ou|l:t lc cliut cc l`ct|lisscuc:t iuut|lcs ux c:scig::ts,
: qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !1
I|lcu . l:cicc cc c:cctio: : lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cu uo:l ct cc l`c:ggcuc:t ccs c:scig::ts
ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !1-
I|lcu o l:cicc cu tcus quc lcs clcvcs co:sc:c:t lcu: ccvoi:s c: l:guc cc l`cvlutio:, c: ut|cutiqucs
ct c: scic:ccs, ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it,
: qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !!0
I|lcu l:ticitio: ccs clcvcs ccs cou:s c: cc|o:s cc l`ct|lisscuc:t !!1
I|lcu l:cicc cc c:u:ic ccs c:scig::ts ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !!!
IAlll Dl \AIllkl
1!
I|lcu - l:cicc cc qulitc ccs i:i:st:uctu:cs utc:icllcs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ct c:io:u:cc
su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !!!
I|lcu 10 l:cicc cc qulitc cu utc:icl ccgogiquc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc
cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, : qu:tilcs :tio:ux cc lì:cicc !!+
I|lcu 11 lou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts qui ssuuc:t u uoi:s cc:ti:cs :cso:s|ilitcs
c:s lcs sccts suiv:ts cc olitiquc ct cc gcstio: cc l`ct|lisscuc:t !!.
I|lcu 1! lou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c:s lcsqucls lcs c:scig::ts ssuuc:t
lcs :i:cilcs :cso:s|ilitcs c:s lcs sccts suiv:ts cc olitiquc ct cc gcstio: cc l`ct|lisscuc:t !!o
I|lcu 1! lou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs ct c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it,
: t,c c`ct|lisscuc:t !!
I|lcu 1 kcltio: c:t:c l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ct lc co:tcxtc sociocco:ouiquc !!
I|lcu ! luct cc cc:ti:cs c:ctc:istiqucs cu uilicu iuilil ct v:i|lcs ccuog:|iqucs
su: lcs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it !!-
I|lcu ! V:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cxliqucc
: lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc !!0
I|lcu + luct cu sttut sociocco:ouiquc ccs clcvcs ct ccs ct|lisscuc:ts su: l c:io:u:cc
su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it !!1
I|lcu . luct cc v:i|lcs :cltivcs u :ivcu ccs clcvcs ct u :ivcu scoli:c su: lcs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs
su: lcs cc|cllcs cou|i:ccs cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:ti|quc ou:
tous lcs ,s cc l`Dl !!!!!!
I|lcu . luct cc v:i|lcs :cltivcs u :ivcu ccs clcvcs ct u :ivcu scoli:c su: l c:io:u:cc
su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it !!+!!.
I|lcu o \o,c::cs :tio:lcs cc cc:ti:s i:ciccs cu :ivcu scoli:c ct lcu: co::cltio:
vcc lc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl uo,c: cc l`ct|lisscuc:t ;l, !!o
I|lcu l!1 Diiic:c:ccs cc c:io:u:cc c:t:c lcs ouuu:utcs 0u:cc ct i::isc cc lclgiquc
ct c:t:c lcs |u:icictio:s i:i::tio:lcs ct lcs couuu:utcs li:guistiqucs c: uissc !!
1
c|o...
LL lkOGk^!!L lN1LkN^1lON^L
lL LOClL lOLk LL Ll\l
lL ^COLl lL LLL\L
cHArI1RI 1 lc l|oq|annc /r/c|ra//oral ac lC/| ot| lc t/v/ ac a.t/ ac clcvc
1+
6UEDENSEMBLEDU0)3!
lc l:og:uuc i:tc::tio:l cc l`Dl ou: lc suivi ccs cquis ccs clcvcs
;llA, cst u:c i:ititivc co:cc:tcc ccs ,s cc l`Dl qui visc cvluc: c:s
qucllc ucsu:c lcs |cu:cs cultcs cc 1. :s :oc|:t cc l ii: cc lcu: scol:itc
o|ligtoi:c so:t :c:cs :clcvc: lcs cciis cc l socictc cc l co::iss:cc
1

l`cvlutio: cst :oscctivc, c:s lc sc:s ou cllc o:tc su: l`titucc ccs |cu:cs
cxloitc: lcu:s co::iss:ccs ct couctc:ccs ou: ii:c icc ux cciis cc l
vic :ccllc lutt qu` cctc:ui:c: c:s qucllc ucsu:c lcs clcvcs o:t ssiuilc u:c
utic:c scciiiquc cu :og:uuc c`c:scig:cuc:t cttc o:ic:ttio: cst co|c
:c:tc : :o:t ux ii:litcs ct ux o||cctiis ccs :og:uucs scoli:cs uis
quc, out:c lc souci cc voi: lcs clcvcs cquc:i: ccs co::iss:ccs c:s lc sc:s lc
lus ct:oit cu tc:uc, lcs :og:uucs so:t cglcuc:t xcs su: l :coccutio:
cc cc quc lcs clcvcs cuvc:t ccouli: g:cc lcu: :c:tissgc
lì:ititivc i:tc::tio:lc c:t:c:isc c:s lc cc:c cu llA ct qui co:sistc
cvluc: lc :ivcu cc couctc:cc ccs clcvcs ct :ccucilli: ccs co::ccs co:tcxtucllcs
su: lcs clcvcs, lcs iuillcs ct lcs ct|lisscuc:ts ou: :ous icc: uicux cxliquc:
lcs ciiic:c:tcs c:io:u:ccs, cst l lus cx|ustivc ct l lus :igou:cusc qui it ctc
c:t:c:isc cc |ou: lcs ccii:itio:s cc l :tu:c ct cc l o:tcc cc l`cvlutio: ct
ccs co::ccs co:tcxtucllcs o:t ctc co:iiccs c`cui:c:ts cxc:ts ccs ,s :tici
:ts, sous l ci:cctio: co:|oi:tc cc lcu:s gouvc::cuc:ts, ou: :co:c:c ccs
:coccutio:s couuu:cs touc|:t l`ctio: ccs ouvoi:s u|lics Dcs ciio:ts ct
ccs :cssou:ccs co:sicc:|lcs o:t ctc cclo,cs ou: o|tc:i: u:c g::cc ltitucc
cultu:cllc ct li:guistiquc c:s lc utc:icl c`cvlutio: l: illcu:s, lc co:t:lc cc
l qulitc c: utic:c cc t:cuctio:, c`cc|:tillo::gc ct cc collcctc ccs co::ccs
:co:c ux :o:ucs lcs lus st:ictcs o:scquc:cc cc ccttc :oc|c, lcs :csultts
cu llA sc cisti:guc:t : u: :ivcu clcvc cc vlicitc ct cc ii|ilitc ct uclio:c:t
g::ccuc:t :ot:c cou:c|c:sio: cu :c:ccuc:t ccs s,stcucs ccuctiis c:s lcs
,s lcs lus ccvclocs cu uo:cc
lc llA sùic su: u: uocclc c,:uiquc c`:c:tissgc tout u lo:g cc
l vic c:s lc cc:c cuqucl cc :ouvcllcs co::iss:ccs ct tituccs :cccssi:cs
ou: s`ctc: l`cvolutio: ccs situtio:s so:t cquiscs cc u:ic:c co:ti:uc
tout u lo:g cu c,clc cc vic lc llA sc co:cc:t:c su: cc co:t lcs |cu:cs
cc 1. :s u:o:t |csoi: c:s lcu: vic iutu:c ct so: :oos cst c`cvluc:
cc quìls vo:t ouvoi: ii:c g:cc cc quìls o:t :is l`cvlutio: ti:c
l su|st:cc cc so: i:io:utio: cu cc:oui:tcu: couuu: ccs :og:uucs
scoli:cs :tio:ux, uis :c s`, c:to::c s lc llA ucsu:c l iois lcs
co::iss:ccs ccs clcvcs ct lcu: ccitc :cilcc|i: su: ccs co::iss:ccs, su:
lcu: cxc:ic:cc, ct lcs liquc: ccs qucstio:s ct situtio:s cu uo:cc :ccl
Ai:si, ou: cou:c:c:c ccs :ccouu:ctio:s c:ctc:c scic:tiiiquc su: l
sccu:itc ccs liuc:ts, lcs cultcs coivc:t :o: sculcuc:t voi: cquis cc:ti:cs
co::iss:ccs io:cuc:tlcs co:cc:::t l couositio: ccs liuc:ts, uis ussi
`t:c c|lcs cc lcs cxloitc: |o: cscic:t lc tc:uc littc:tic iit :cic:c:cc
u:c co:cctio: lus l:gc ccs co::iss:ccs ct ccs couctc:ccs
lc l|- v/c a cvaltc|
aar tcllc nct|c lc
ctrc ac I5 ar or/
|ca|c a |clcvc| lc
acj/ ac la v/c |ccllc
-vc. la/ac ac lt
cn/rcr/ cxc|/ lC/|
c/ lc ay a|//./ar/
at l|- or/ .or,t ac
c/tac /r/c|ra//oralc
.a|a./c|/cc a| tr
r/vcat clcvc ac
val/a//c .
.v/ar/ a cvaltc| .c
tc lc clcvc vor/
otvo/| ja/|c q|a.c a
lct| a.t/ cr lc./t|c
cr na//cna//tc c/
./cr.c
lc l|oq|annc /r/c|ra//oral ac lC/| ot| lc t/v/ ac a.t/ ac clcvc cHArI1RI 1
1.
l:qurc !.!
l,s :tici:ts cu llA
Allcug:c
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
o:cc
D:cu:|
lsg:c
lttsD:is
li:l:cc
l::cc
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
l:l:cc
lsl:cc
ltlic
o:
luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:o:vcgc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
l,sls
lolog:c
lo:tugl
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
ko,uucD:i
uccc
uissc
l:csil
lccc:tio: cc kussic
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
Al|:ic
A:gc:ti:c
lulg:ic
|ili
|i:c
lo:glo:g
;kcgio: cui:ist:tivc sccilc cc,
l:co:csic
ls:cl
litu:ic
\cccoi:c
lc:ou
kouu:ic
I|l:cc
kcu|liquc slovquc
Iu:quic
l,s cc l'Dl qui :ticic:o:t
l'cvlutio: :ti: cc !00!
l,s cc l'Dl
:tici:t llA !000
l,s :o:ucu|:cs cc
l'Dl :tici:t
llA !000
l,s c:s lcsqucls
l'cvlutio: sc:
c|cvcc c: !00!
1o
lc :cuic: c,clc c`cvlutio: cu llA ctc :clisc c: !000 c:s !! ,s ;co:t
! ,s \cu|:cs cc l`Dl, sous l io:uc c`c:cuvcs cc:itcs uxqucllcs lcs
clcvcs o:t :co:cu c:s lcu:s ccolcs c: co:citio:s cc tcst cui:ist:ccs cc io:
i:ccc:c:tc I:cizc ut:cs ,s sc liv:c:o:t l uùc cvlutio: c: !00! ;voi:
l iigu:c 11, llA !000 cvluc t:ois coui:cs cc couctc:ccs, svoi: l
lcctu:c, lcs ut|cutiqucs ct lcs scic:ccs, vcc l lcctu:c ;ou l cou:c|c:
sio: cc l`cc:it, couuc coui:c u|cu: D:c otio: i:tc::tio:lc suivic :
!. ,s c:uis cò|tc:i: ccs co::ccs su: lcs ttituccs ccs clcvcs : :o:t
l`:c:tissgc ct l io: co:t ils gc:c:t cct :c:tissgc l`cvlutio: sc:
:cctcc tous lcs t:ois :s c: uctt:t l`ccc:t su: l cultu:c ut|cutiquc c:
!00!, l cultu:c scic:tiiiquc c: !00o ct :ouvcu su: l cou:c|c:sio: cc
l`cc:it c: !00-
c :o:t :csc:tc l s,:t|csc ccs :csultts cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA,
:otuuc:t c: tc:ucs cc :c:titio: ccs :ivcux cc couctc:cc c:s c|quc
,s, ct :o: sculcuc:t c: tc:ucs cc c:io:u:ccs uo,c::cs l: illcu:s, il
:l,sc civc:s ictcu:s ssocics ux ciiic:c:ts :ivcux cc couctc:cc su: l |sc
cì:io:utio:s co:tcxtucllcs :cltivcs ux clcvcs, lcu: ct|lisscuc:t c`c:sci
g:cuc:t ct lcu: s,stcuc ccuctii lcs t:vux :cliscs c:s lc cc:c cu llA
c:ucttc:t cc uctt:c u |ou: lcs uocclcs cc couctc:cc cc ciiic:c:ts ,s
ct cc lcs ct,c: : ccs i:io:utio:s su: lcs c:ctc:istiqucs ct lcs cxc:ic:ccs
ccs clcvcs, cc qui co:t:i|uc g::ccuc:t uclio:c: l cou:c|c:sio: ccs
ictcu:s qui ivo:isc:t l :cussitc c:s l`c:scig:cuc:t lcs oi:ts ciccssous
so:t |o:ccs c:s l suitc cu :csc:t c|it:c
l`:oc|c cotcc c:s lc llA ,
cc quc lc llA ucsu:c, glo|lcuc:t ct c:s c|quc coui:c cc littc:tic,
i:si quc lcs uct|occs c`cvlutio: utilisccs ,
lì:tc::cttio: ccs :csultts cu llA ct s co:t:i|utio: l cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`ccuctio: ct cc l`:c:tissgc tout u lo:g cc l vic, co:uc ou: `t:c
cxloitcc : lcs olitiqucs cc c|quc ,s ,
couuc:t lc llA ctc cl|o:c ,
l st:uctu:c cu :o:t
l|- 2JJJ a t|/ot/ o|/c
t| la .on|c/cr/or ac
lc.|// lc .y.lc l|- 2JJ
nc//|a la..cr/ t| la .tl/t|c
na//cna//tc l|- 2JJ6
t| la .tl/t|c ./cr//j/tc c/
a/r/ ac t//c
c |ao|/ |ccr/c la
yr//cc ac |ctl/a/ at
.y.lc acvalta//or
l|- 2JJJ
l:cc:c 11 rIsA 2000 - une vaiuation des ives de 1s ans, normaiise
i`cheion internationai
1o:lle Jes ecnont:llons
l: !000, lus cu qu:t cù: uillio: c`clcvcs :c:csc:t:t :cs cc 1 uillio:s c`clcvcs gcs cc
1. :s scol:iscs c:s lcs ccolcs ccs !! ,s :tici:ts, o:t ctc souuis ccttc cvlutio:, qui sc:
:cliscc c:s 1! ut:cs ,s c: !00!
1
contenn
lc c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000 couv:c t:ois coui:cs, svoi: l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, l
cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct l cultu:c scic:tiiiquc
llA !000 ctucic c|cz lcs |cu:cs l ccitc c`cxloitc: lcu:s co::iss:ccs ct couctc:ccs
ou: :clcvc: lcs cciis cc l vic :ccllc ll :` s ou: o||cctii cc ccii:i: lc ccg:c cc uit:isc cù:
:og:uuc c`c:scig:cuc:t co::c
l`ccc:t ctc uis c:s c|quc coui:c su: l uit:isc ccs :occssus, su: l cou:c|c:sio: ccs
co:ccts ct su: l ccitc cc ii:c icc civc:scs situtio:s
!. ,s cu llA !000 o:t cglcuc:t :ticic u:c otio: i:tc::tio:lc qui co:sistit :ccucilli:
ccs i:io:utio:s su: lcs ttituccs ccs clcvcs icc lcu: :c:tissgc
metnoJes
lc c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000 ctc cui:ist:c sous l io:uc c`c:cuvcs ic:c:,o: cù:c
cu:cc cc ccux |cu:cs
lcs i:st:uuc:ts cu llA !000 co:tc:ic:t l iois ccs itcus c|oix uultilc ct ccs qucstio:s
ou: lcsqucllcs lcs clcvcs ccvic:t co:st:ui:c lcu:s :o:cs :co:scs lcs itcus ctic:t :cg:oucs
c:s ccs u:itcs |sccs su: ccs situtio:s cc l vic :ccllc
D:c |ttc:ic cìtcus :c:csc:t:t sct |cu:cs cc tcst ctc :c:cc Diiic:c:tcs cou|i:iso:s
cìtcus o:t ctc cui:ist:ccs ciiic:c:ts clcvcs
lcs clcvcs o:t : illcu:s ssc !0 ui:utcs :co:c:c u: qucstio::i:c co:tcxtucl ct,
tit:c còtio: i:tc::tio:lc, o:t coulctc ccs qucstio::i:cs su: lcs :tiqucs c`ctucc ct
c`:c:tissgc ct su: l iuili:itc vcc lì:io:utiquc
lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t o:t cglcuc:t :culi u: qucstio::i:c co:cc:::t lcu: ct|lisscuc:t
Kesnltots
l:oiil cc co::iss:ccs ct cc couctc:ccs ccs clcvcs gcs cc 1. :s
l:cictcu:s co:tcxtucls ssoci:t lcs :csultts ux c:ctc:istiqucs ccs clcvcs ct ccs ct|lisscuc:ts
c`c:scig:cuc:t
lsc cc co::iss:ccs cxloitc: c:s l :cc|c:c|c ct l`:l,sc ccs olitiqucs
G:cc ux co::ccs :ovc::t ccs c,clcs co:sccutiis cu llA, ccs i:cictcu:s cc tc:c:cc uo:
t::t l`cvolutio: ccs :csultts u iil cc tcus sc:o:t iou::is
cycles Jèvolnot:on ven:r
lc llA sc ou:suiv: : c,clcs cc t:ois :s l`ccc:t sc: uis su: l cultu:c ut|cutiquc c:
!00! ct su: l cultu:c scic:tiiiquc c: !00o l`cvlutio: ccs couctc:ccs t::svc:slcs sc: :o
g:cssivcuc:t i:tcg:cc c:s lc llA, couuc:cc: : lì:t:ocuctio: c: !00! cù:c couos:tc
ccsti:cc cvluc: lcs couctc:ccs c: :csolutio: cc :o|lcucs
1
,APPROCHEDU0)3!
lc llA ctucic u: l:gc cvc:til cc co::iss:ccs ct cc couctc:ccs cquiscs
: lcs |cu:cs cc 1. :s c:s lcs :i:ciux ,s i:cust:iliscs ll ctc co:u
c:s lc :cscct ccs :i:cics suiv:ts
so: o:ic:ttio: olitiquc lc cc:c co:cctucl ct lcs uct|occs cc coutc
:c:cu cc l`cvlutio: o:t ctc c|oisis ou: c:uctt:c ux gouvc::cuc:ts cc
ti:c: ccs c:scig:cuc:ts olitiqucs ccs :csultts ,
s :isc c: co:sicc:tio: :ovt:icc :o: sculcuc:t ccs couctc:ccs c: lcctu:c
;cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it,, uis ussi cc l cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct cc l
cultu:c scic:tiiiquc ,
s ioclistio: su: u:c u:iicsttio: ccs co::iss:ccs ct couctc:ccs sous
u:c io:uc qui cst c:ti:c:tc ou: l vic cc tous lcs |ou:s ,
s g::cc couvc:tu:c gcog:|iquc +. ,s :ticic:t l`cvlutio:, cc qui
:c:csc:tc u: tic:s cc l oultio: uo:cilc ,
s c:iocicitc, i:si qu`c: ttcstc l cccisio: cc :cctc: l`cvlutio: tous lcs
t:ois :s ,
so: :i:cic cc coll|o:tio: lc :og:uuc cst ci:igc co:|oi:tcuc:t : lcs
gouvc::cuc:ts ccs ,s :tici:ts ct |c:ciicic cc l`cxc:tisc scic:tiiiquc
cù: co:so:tiuu i:tc::tio:l co:stituc ccs lus cui:c:ts i:stituts scciliscs
c:s l`cvlutio:
Au t:vc:s cu llA, lcs ,s \cu|:cs cc l`Dl t:villc:t ui: c:s l ui:
ou: uclio:c: lcs i:cictcu:s cou:tiis ccs :csultts ccs s,stcucs ccuctiis
l`Dl u|lic c|quc ::cc u:c sc:ic cì:cictcu:s c:s r.o.1 o. !.1o.o.c
;voi: :otuuc:t Dl, !001, cs i:cictcu:s co::c:t ccs i:io:utio:s
su: lc voluuc cc :cssou:ccs |uui:cs ct ii::cic:cs i:vcstics c:s l`ccuctio:,
su: l`cvolutio: ct lc uocc cc io:ctio::cuc:t ccs s,stcucs c`ccuctio: ct
c`:c:tissgc, ct su: lc :c:ccuc:t i:civicucl, socil ct cco:ouiquc cc ccs
i:vcstisscuc:ts Dcs i:cictcu:s :cgulic:s ct ii|lcs cc ccs ..o!o cc l`ccuctio:
c:s lcs ciiic:c:ts ,s, c: :ticulic: lcs i:cictcu:s :cltiis ux co::iss:ccs
ct ux couctc:ccs, iisic:t c:ucllcuc:t cciut l: ciict, c: l`|sc:cc cc tcls
i:cictcu:s, lcs ccciccu:s, lcs co:t:i|u|lcs, lcs c:scig::ts ct lcs :c:ts ctic:t
c:s lì:ccitc cc |ugc: cc l :cussitc :cltivc ou cc l`ciiiccitc cou:cc cc
lcu:s s,stcucs ccuctiis
o:scic:tc cc ccttc lcu:c, l`Dl t:villc c: coll|o:tio: vcc lcs ltts
\cu|:cs ou: ucsu:c: ci:cctcuc:t lcs couctc:ccs t:vc:s ccs c:qu`tcs
cou:tivcs i:tc::tio:lcs l`l:qu`tc i:tc::tio:lc su: l littc:tic ccs
cultcs ;lllA,, qui ctc :cliscc co:|oi:tcuc:t : ttistiquc :c ct
l`Dl c:t:c 1--+ ct 1--, iou::i u: cc:c c`cvlutio: cou:tivc
co:cc:::t lcs cultcs lc llA , |outc :csc:t ccs ucsu:cs ccs couctc:ccs
utilcs c:s l vic c|cz lcs |cu:cs c: gc scoli:c
lc l|- c/ lc j|t// atrc
va/c /r///a//vc .or.c|/cc
cr/|c ay v/ar/ a
ancl/o|c| lc ol///tc
cat.a//vc
.cr .onlc/ar/ lc
/|ava/l ac lC/| cr
na//c|c a/ra/.a/ct|
/r/c|ra//oratx t|
lcat.a//or a| trc
cvalta//or /r/cr/vc c/
ot/crtc ac |ctl/a/
1-
lou: c:uctt:c quc lcs :csultts soic:t cou:|lcs cù: ,s lùt:c, lc
llA coit cvluc: ccs oultio:s ci|lcs cou:|lcs l: vc:tu ccs ciiic:c:ccs
o|sc:vccs c:t:c ,s ;c: cc qui co:cc::c l :tu:c ct l o:tcc cc l`c:scig:cuc:t
:c:iui:c ct cc l uc:icultu:c, l`gc cc l scol:itc o|ligtoi:c ct lcs st:uctu:cs
ccs s,stcucs ccuctiis,, il :`cst s ossi|lc cc ccii:i: ccs ::ccs c`ctucc
:ccllcuc:t cou:|lcs l`cc|clo: i:tc::tio:l l vlicitc ccs cou:iso:s
i:tc::tio:lcs cu :c:ccuc:t scoli:c ssc co:c : l`lictio: cù: c:itc:c
c`gc ou: icc:tiiic: lcs oultio:s co:cc::ccs lc llA visc lcs clcvcs qui o:t
cc 1. :s ct ! uois 1o :s ct ! uois u uouc:t cc l`cvlutio:, qucls quc soic:t
l`::cc c`ctucc, lc t,c c`ct|lisscuc:t i:cquc:tc ct lc uocc cc scol:istio:
; tcus lci: ou tcus :ticl,, uis cxclut lcs |cu:cs cc 1. :s qui :c so:t
s i:sc:its c:s u: ct|lisscuc:t c`c:scig:cuc:t D:s l suitc cc cc :o:t,
lcs |cu:cs cc 1. :s sc: l`cx:cssio: utiliscc ou: ii:c :cic:c:cc ccttc
oultio: A l`cxcctio: cu l:csil, cu luxcu|ou:g ct cc l lolog:c, u uoi:s
-. cc ccttc oultio: ci|lc ctc couvc:tc : lcs cc|:tillo:s sclcctio::cs
ou: lc llA D:s l u|o:itc ccs ,s :tici:ts, l oultio: couvc:tc
ccssc - ;voi: l`::cxc A! ou: cc lus ulcs i:io:utio:s su: l ccii:itio:
cc l oultio: llA ct l couvc:tu:c ccs cc|:tillo:s, cttc couvc:tu:c clcvcc
co:t:i|uc l cou:|ilitc ccs :csultts cc l`c:qu`tc
c :o:t c:uct co:c cc ti:c: ccs co:clusio:s su: lcs co::iss:ccs ct
couctc:ccs ccs i:civicus :cs l uùc ::cc qui o:t i:cquc:tc l`ccolc |usqu`
l`gc cc 1. :s uis qui o:t vccu ccs cxc:ic:ccs ciiic:c:tcs c: utic:c
c`c:scig:cuc:t, t:t lì:tc:icu: qu` l`cxtc:icu: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts l`cvc:til
ccs ::ccs c`ctucc cc ccs clcvcs v:ic c: io:ctio: cc l olitiquc :tiqucc
: lcs ,s c: utic:c c`c:t:cc c:s lc s,stcuc scoli:c ct cc :ouotio: cc
l`c:scig:cuc:t l: out:c, c:s cc:ti:s ,s, lcs clcvcs co:stitu:t l oultio:
ci|lc cu llA :c:csc:tc:t ciiic:c:ts s,stcucs ou iilic:cs c`c:scig:cuc:t
,OBJETDESMESURESDU0)3!
lcs cxc:ts i:tc::tio:ux ccs ,s \cu|:cs cc l`Dl o:t ccii:i lcs t:ois
coui:cs cc couctc:cc l lcctu:c, lcs ut|cutiqucs ct lcs scic:ccs
cu c,clc llA !000 ct o:t :c:c u: cc:c c`cvlutio: ou: c|cu: c`cux
;Dl, 1---o, lc co:cct cc littc:tic ctc cotc ou: soulig:c: quc lc
llA o:tc su: l`cvlutio: cù: cvc:til cc couctc:ccs qui s`ctc:c |ic: u
ccl cc l :otio: |isto:iquc c`l||ctistio: l littc:tic cst ucsu:cc couuc
u: co:ti:uuu ct :o: couuc u:c vlcu: :csc:tc ou |sc:tc c|cz u: i:civicu ll
cut sc :cvclc: :cccssi:c ou |ucicicux cc ccii:i: u: oi:t cu co:ti:uuu c: cc
cuqucl lcs :ivcux cc couctc:cc sc:ic:t |ugcs i:suiiis:ts, uis l v:i|ilitc
qui soustc:c cc co:ti:uuu cst iuo:t:tc D:c c:so::c cultivcc ossccc
cc :ou|:cuscs couctc:ccs ct il :`cxistc s cc liuitc :ccisc c:t:c u:c
c:so::c cu cultivcc ct u:c c:so::c citc v:iuc:t cultivcc
l`cquisitio: cc ccs co::iss:ccs ct couctc:ccs cst u: :occssus qui s`ctc:c
tout u lo:g cc l vic ct qui cst uis c: ouv:c :o: sculcuc:t l`ccolc ou
c:c:t l`:c:tissgc oiiicicl, uis cglcuc:t u t:vc:s cì:tc:ctio:s vcc
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svoi: u:c iois cultcs lls coivc:t ossccc: cc soliccs co::iss:ccs io:cuc:
tlcs c: lcctu:c, c: ut|cutiqucs ct c: scic:ccs lls coivc:t ussi cou:c:c:c
ccs :occssus clcuc:ti:cs ct ccs :i:cics io:cuc:tux ct lcs liquc: vcc
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c:s ccs t:ois coui:cs ct uctt:c lcu:s cquis c: :tiquc c:s lc uo:cc :ccl
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situtio:s cc l vic :ccllc ct qui ccc:cc:t cù:c cou:c|c:sio: :oio:cic
cc co:ccts io:cuc:tux
ut:c l`cvlutio: ccs couctc:ccs liccs ux t:ois coui:cs u|cu:s, lc llA
tc:tc :og:cssivcuc:t cc ucsu:c: lcs couctc:ccs uccl ccs liuitcs ccs
ciiic:c:tcs ciscili:cs lc c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000 s`cst co:cc:t:c su:
l uotivtio: ccs clcvcs ct su: cùt:cs sccts cc lcu:s ttituccs icc
l`:c:tissgc, l iuili:itc vcc lì:io:utiquc ct, sous l :u|:iquc i:titulcc
:c:tissgc uto:cgulc , su: cc:ti:s sccts ccs st:tcgics uiscs c: ouv:c
: lcs clcvcs ou: gc:c: ct suiv:c lcu: :o:c :c:tissgc D:s lcs c,clcs
c`cvlutio: suiv:ts, cùt:cs couctc:ccs t::svc:slcs , tcllcs quc ccllcs
:cltivcs l :csolutio: cc :o|lcucs ct ux tcc|:ologics cc lì:io:utio:,
sc:o:t ctuciccs cc u:ic:c lus :oio:cic
D:s qucllc ucsu:c lc llA til :cussi cvluc: lcs couctc:ccs utilcs c:s l vic
l :co:sc ccttc qucstio: cut sc io:cc: :o: sculcuc:t su: u: |ugcuc:t su||cctii
cc cc qui cut `t:c ccii:i couuc iuo:t:t c:s l vic, uis ussi su: lcs clcuc:ts
qui c:ucttc:t cc ti:c: u cli: si ccux qui ossccc:t u: :ivcu cc couctc:ccs clcvc
c: tc:ucs cc ucsu:cs cu llA o:t ciicctivcuc:t cc io:tcs c|:ccs cc :cussi: c:s l
vic lic: quc l`vc:i: ccs clcvcs :tici:t u llA soit c:co:c i:co::u, l`l:qu`tc
i:tc::tio:lc su: l littc:tic ccs cultcs ;lllA, ccuo:t:c quc l littc:tic ccs cultcs,
c`cstci:c lcs couctc:ccs c: lcctu:c, l cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:tiiiquc cc
ccuxci, cst ct:oitcuc:t licc l :cussitc su: lc u:c|c cu t:vil ct ux :cvc:us, |ic:
lus quc :c l`cst lc :ivcu c`ctuccs ;voi: l`c:cc:c 1!,
la.t////or ac .c
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t//l/c| lct|
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la v/c |ccllc
l:cc:c 1! un niveau suprieur de iittratie amiiore-t-ii ies perspectives dèmpioi :
l`l:qu`tc i:tc::tio:lc su: l littc:tic ccs cultcs ;lllA, o|sc:vc quc ccux qui ossccc:t u:
:ivcu suc:icu: cc littc:tic so:t lus susccti|lcs cc t:ouvc: u: culoi ct cc gg:c: ccs sli:cs
uo,c:s lus clcvcs quc ccux co:t lc :ivcu cc littc:tic cst i:ic:icu: ;Dl ct ttistiquc :c,
!000, lstcc siulcuc:t :cc quìls o:t ccs cilucs lus clcvcs i c`ctit lc cs, l`lllA ;ct lc
llA, cvluc:i;c:,t tout u lus ccs couctc:ccs c:uctt:t c`voi: cccs u: ucillcu: :ivcu
c`c:scig:cuc:t ct, :t:t, cc ucillcu:s culois l`lllA c:uis cc co:sttc: quc lcs cultcs
,:t coulctc lù:c u lùt:c io:uc c`c:scig:cuc:t tc:tii:c i::c|issic:t c: uo,c::c u: ou
ccux lic:s cc lus quc ccux qui :`ctic:t s ::ivcs u tc:uc cc lcu:s ctuccs scco:ci:cs uis
quc lcs !! ,s :tici:ts coutic:t u: :ou|:c sig:iiictii c`cultcs qui cou|i:ic:t u: :ivcu
!1
0
10
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0 .0 100 1.0 !00 !.0 !00 !.0 +00 +.0 .00
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l:qurc !.2
:ivcu c'ccuctio:, littc:tic, ct :o||ilitc c'o|tc:i: u: culoi cc cc:c |utcuc:t quliiic
t.c/o/.!.. 1'c/... o .!c. 1. .o1.. |oo.. oo!... .!c !. ..oo 1'.1o.o.c . !'oo.o.c
1. ..o!o . !...o.., ../!. 1. o,, ..|.!!. iit+ 1. .. o..,
co!o.c o.. 1. 2o o + o, :vv.:vv
l:o||ilitc 100
:ivcu c'ccuctio: co::cso:c:t l'c:scig:cuc:t tc:tii:c
:ivcu c'ccuctio: co::cso:c:t l'c:scig:cuc:t scco:ci:c cu ccuxicuc c,clc
:ivcu c'ccuctio: i:ic:icu: l'c:scig:cuc:t scco:ci:c cu ccuxicuc c,clc
cc littc:ticcc cultu:c clcvc ct u: :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t lus |s, ou i:vc:scuc:t llus iuo:t:t
c:co:c, lc :ivcu cc littc:tic cst u: ictcu: qui co:t:i|uc :cvoi: lc ccg:c cc :cussitc iutu:c ccs
cultcs su: lc u:c|c cc l`culoi, /.. oo1.!o cc cc quc lc scul :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t cut lissc:
:csgc:
lou: illust:c: cc oi:t, l iigu:c 1! i:ciquc l :o||ilitc quò:t lcs |cu:cs còccuc: u: ostc
|utcuc:t quliiic c: io:ctio: cc ciiic:c:tcs cou|i:iso:s cc :ivcu cc littc:tic ct c`c:scig:cuc:t
lcs cc:ts c:t:c lcs lig:cs uo:t:c:t lcs ciicts cù:c |ussc ccs :ivcux c`c:scig:cuc:t, ct lcs
cou:|cs, l`ciict u: :ivcu co::c c`c:scig:cuc:t cù: :ivcu suc:icu: cc littc:tic Ai:si,
u:c c:so::c gcc cc !o !. :s t:vill:t c:s lc scctcu: couuc:cil voit scs c|:ccs cc t:ouvc:
u: culoi |utcuc:t quliiic c:ctc:c i:tcllcctucl uguc:tc: :iccuc:t u iu: ct ucsu:c quc
so: :ivcu cc littc:tic s`cc:oit c co:stt suggc:c quc l`ciict i:ccc:c:t cc l littc:tic su: l
:cussitc su: lc u:c|c cu t:vil cst cou:|lc l`ciict i:ccc:c:t cu :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t
ttci:t D:c c:so::c osscc:t ccs quliiictio:s uo,c::cs ;ciluc c`c:scig:cuc:t scco:ci:c
suc:icu:, ccux c|:ccs su: ci:q còccuc: u: ostc cc |ut :ivcu si so: :ivcu cc littc:tic cst
cgl !00 ;l :tic i:ic:icu:c cc l`cc|cllc,, uis qut:c c|:ccs su: ci:q si so: :ivcu cc littc:tic
cst cgl +00 ;l :tic suc:icu:c cc l`cc|cllc, l:vc:scuc:t, u:c c:so::c osscc:t u: :ivcu
uo,c: cc littc:tic ;!00, ccux c|:ccs su: ci:q còccuc: u: tcl ostc si cllc ccusc u: :ivcu
c`c:scig:cuc:t lus |s ;ciluc cc l`c:scig:cuc:t scco:ci:c i:ic:icu:, s:s lus, ct lus cc
qut:c c|:ccs su: ci:q si cllc iiic|c u: :ivcu c`ctuccs lus clcvc ;ciluc cc l`c:scig:cuc:t
tc:tii:c,
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!!
lcs coui:cs couvc:ts : lc llA so:t ccii:is c: io:ctio: ccs sccts
suiv:ts
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c:s c|quc coui:c ;l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc ccs co:ccts scic:tiiiqucs ou
lcs civc:s t,cs c`cc:its lcu: so:t iuilic:s, : cxculc, ,
lcs processns qui coivc:t `t:c ccoulis ;l :cstitutio: cì:io:utio:s iigu::t
c:s u: tcxtc, : cxculc, ,
lcs contextes c:s lcsqucls lcs co::iss:ccs ct lcs couctc:ccs so:t li
quccs ;: cxculc l :isc cc cccisio:s : :o:t l vic c:so::cllc ou l
cou:c|c:sio: ccs iii:cs i:tc::tio:lcs,
lc utc:icl c`cvlutio: cu llA cst co:u ou: ucsu:c: lcs couctc:ccs c:s
c|cu: ccs t:ois coui:cs Ioutciois, il , licu cc sig:lc: quc c|quc c,clc
c`cvlutio: uct l`ccc:t su: u: coui:c :ticulic: ii: c`c: :oio:ci:
l cou:c|c:sio: u iil cu tcus lc c,clc llA !000 s`cst co:cc:t:c su: l
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it uqucl ccux tic:s cu tcus cc tcst ctc ccvolu c
:o:t t:itc c: co:scquc:cc cssc:ticllcuc:t ccs :csultts cu c,clc llA !000
c:s cc coui:c ct sc liuitc u:c :l,sc succi:ctc ccs couctc:ccs liccs ux
ccux ut:cs coui:cs lc llA sc co:cc:t:c: su: l cultu:c ut|cutiquc c:
!00! ct su: l cultu:c scic:tiiiquc c: !00o
,ACOMPRHENSIONDELCRITDANSLE0)3!
D:s lc llA, cou:c:c:c l`cc:it, c`cst cou:c:c:c ct utilisc: ccs tcxtcs cc:its,
uis ussi :cilcc|i: lcu: :oos cttc ccitc ccv:it c:uctt:c c|cu:
cc :clisc: scs o||cctiis, cc ccvcloc: scs co::iss:ccs ct so: otc:ticl ct cc
:c:c:c u:c :t ctivc c:s l socictc c co:cct v co:c uccl cu siulc
cccocgc ct cc l cou:c|c:sio: littc:lc cì:io:utio:s cc:itcs ll suosc l
cou:c|c:sio: ct l :cilcxio: ll o:tc su: l ccitc cc lì:civicu c`cxloitc:
lì:io:utio: vc|iculcc : l`cc:it ou: ttci:c:c ccs o||cctiis c:so::cls ct
l ccitc ccs socictcs uocc::cs qui c: cccoulc, c`cstci:c cùtilisc: l`cc:it
ou: io:ctio::c: ciiicccuc:t lcs 1+0 itcus qui o:t ctc cui:ist:cs lòcc
sio: cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000 o:t t:it ux couctc:ccs c: lcctu:c co:t
lcs |cu:cs cc 1. :s u:o:t |csoi: l`vc:i: Dcs cxculcs cìtcus utiliscs ou:
cvluc: l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it so:t :csc:tcs c:s lc c|it:c ! ct su: lc
sitc l:tc::ct cc llA .oc..1c.
lcs lcctcu:s :cgissc:t cc civc:scs u:ic:cs icc u: tcxtc co::c ucsu:c
quìls c|c:c|c:t cxloitc: ct cou:c:c:c cc quìls lisc:t c :occssus c,:
uiquc :csc:tc ccs ciuc:sio:s uultilcs, co:t t:ois o:t ctc c|oisics ou: co:s
t:ui:c lcs cvlutio:s cu llA
l jorme Jn moter:el Je lectnre, svoi: lc t,c cc tcxtc li:c D:s
lc ssc, cc :ou|:cuscs cvlutio:s o:t ctc |sccs su: ccs tcxtcs c: :osc
o:g:iscs c: |:scs ct c: :g:|cs, c`cstci:c ccs tcxtcs co:ti:us
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c:t:c lcs civc:scs io:ucs cc tcxtc co:ti:u, :otuuc:t lcs tcxtcs o..o.,
lcs tcxtcs 1..... ct lcs tcxtcs o.o.o. lc llA cou:c:c c: out:c
ccs tcxtcs :o: co:ti:us, qui :csc:tc:t lì:io:utio: sous cùt:cs io:ucs,
:otuuc:t lcs !.., lcs c.o!o..., lcs .o|.o. ct lcs 1.o.o. lc c|oix
cù: l:gc cvc:til cc tcxtcs cst uotivc : lc iit quc lcs clcvcs :c:co:t:c:t,
l`ccolc c`|o:c, uis tout u lo:g cc lcu: vic cultc, u:c g::cc civc:sitc
c`cc:its qui :cquic:c:t ccs tcc|:iqucs ciiic:c:tcs c: utic:c cc t:itcuc:t
cc lì:io:utio: l lcctu:c c:io:u:tc sc cisti:guc : l soulcssc, c`cst
ci:c l ccitc c`:ic: u: t,c cc tcxtc co::c ct lcs tcc|:iqucs qui
co:vic::c:t lc uicux ou: , loclisc: lcs i:io:utio:s :cc|c:c|ccs ,
lc type Je tcne Je lectnre lc t,c cc tc|c cst cctc:ui:c, cù:c :t,
: lcs tituccs cog:itivcs sollicitccs ou: `t:c u: lcctcu: ciiiccc ct, cùt:c
:t, : lcs c:ctc:istiqucs ccs qucstio:s osccs c:s lcs c:cuvcs c`cvlu
tio: llA lc llA :ivilcgic lc :i:cic cc l lcctu:c ou: :c:c:c ,
ct :o: lì:vc:sc c :c so:t co:c s lcs couctc:ccs lcs lus clcuc:ti:cs
c: lcctu:c qui o:t ctc cvluccs, l`|,ot|csc :ctc:uc cct cg:c ct:t quc lcs
clcvcs cc 1. :s lcs o:t ou: l lu:t cc| cquiscs ll lutt ctc ccu:cc
ux clcvcs cc uo:t:c: lcu: ccitc cc .co.. u:c i:io:utio:, cc .c..1..
glo|lcuc:t lcs tcxtcs :csc:tcs, cc lcs ......., cc ..!..|.. su: lcu: co:tc:u
ct lcu: io:uc c: iis:t i:tc:vc:i: lcu: :o:c co::iss:cc cu uo:cc ct
c`.o!o.. ct cò.o... lcu: oi:t cc vuc ,
c:ii:, l`nt:l:sot:on ponr loqnelle le texte o ete conn, svoi: lc co:tcxtc
ou l situtio: c:s lcqucl il sì:sc:it Ai:si, u: :ou:, u:c lctt:c c:so::cllc
ou u:c |iog:|ic so:t ccsti:cs u: usgc ... ct lcs cocuuc:ts ou vis
oiiicicls, u: usgc o/!.. lcs uoccs c`culoi ct lcs :o:ts so:t :ccigcs
ou: `t:c lus ccs ii:s .c..c.!!. ct lcs u:ucls ct iic|cs cc t:vil,
ccs ii:s .c!o...
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lc llA ucsu:c l ccitc ccs clcvcs c`:l,sc:, cc :iso::c: ct cc couuu:iquc:
ccs icccs cc io: ciiiccc c: sc|:t osc:, io:uulc: ct :csouc:c ccs :o|lcucs
ut|cutiqucs c:s u:c g::cc civc:sitc cc co:tcxtcs l cultu:c ut|cutiquc
cst ccii:ic couuc l`titucc cù: i:civicu icc:tiiic: ct cou:c:c:c lcs
civc:s :lcs |oucs : lcs ut|cutiqucs, o:tc: ccs |ugcuc:ts io:ccs lcu:
:oos ct s`, c:ggc:, c: io:ctio: ccs cxigc:ccs cc s vic :csc:tc ct iutu:c,
cc s vic :oicssio::cllc, cc s vic socilc vcc so: c:tou:gc ct scs :oc|cs,
c: t:t quc cito,c: co:st:uctii, iuliquc ct :cilcc|i A lì:st: cc l ccii:itio:
cc l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, ccllc cc l cultu:c ut|cutiquc :c:voic
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cc sc c:to::c: ccs oc:tio:s ucc:iqucs l cultu:c ut|cutiquc
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so:t c:visgccs c:s lcs :og:uucs c`c:scig:cuc:t lc tc:uc s`c:ggc:
|l c/ acnarac atx clcvc
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:c:voic cglcuc:t l icultc cc :c:c:c ositio:, c`:ccic: lcs c|oscs
cx:iuccs sous u:c io:uc ut|cutiquc ;sc io:gc: u:c oi:io: :oos ccs
ccc:scs gouvc::cuc:tlcs, ctc, l cultu:c ut|cutiquc iuliquc ussi l
ccitc c`c:o:cc: ct cc :csouc:c ccs :o|lcucs ut|cutiqucs qui sì:sc:ivc:t
c:s u: l:gc cvc:til cc situtio:s i:si quù:c cc:ti:c :ccilcctio: ou: lcs
ut|cutiqucs, qui ccc:c souvc:t cc t:its cc c:ctc:c tcls quc l co:ii:cc
c: soi ct l cu:iositc
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utiquc, t:ois g::ccs ciuc:sio:s o:t ctc ccii:ics ou: `t:c utilisccs lo:s cu
c,clc llA !000
lc contenn Jes motnemot:qnes lc co:tc:u :c:voic cssc:ticllcuc:t ccs
c:scu|lcs co|c:c:ts cc co:ccts ut|cutiqucs u|cu:s qui :issc:t
c:s ccs situtio:s ct ccs co:tcxtcs ut|c:tiqucs l:ui ccs co:ccts, cito:s
l qu:titc, l`cscc ct lcs io:ucs, lcs v:itio:s ct lcs :cltio:s, ou c:co:c
lì:cc:titucc lc c|oix cc ccs t|cucs :c sig:iiic s quc ccs |::c|cs lus
scciiiqucs ccs :og:uucs c`c:scig:cuc:t, tcllcs quc lcs :ou|:cs, l`lgc|:c
ct l gcouct:ic, o:t ctc ig:o:ccs lcs tc|cs c|oisics lòccsio: cu c,clc
c`cvlutio: llA !000 suosc:t l`ssiuiltio: : lcs clcvcs cù: c:scu|lc
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utiqucs co:stituic:t u: coui:c ui:cu: c:s lc c,clc llA !000,
so: c|u c`lictio: cst ccucu:c :ccuit culcs ccux icccs u|cu:cs o:t
ctc :ctc:ucs !. o..o.c . !. ..!o.c ct !.o.. . !. c.. c c|oix
ctc cictc : lc souci cc :c:c:c c: co:sicc:tio: cc :ou|:cux sccts ccs
:og:uucs c`c:scig:cuc:t, s:s cco:cc: u:c iuo:t:cc cxccssivc ux
couctc:ccs :cltivcs ux :ou|:cs ,
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io:ctio: ccs ciiic:c:ts t,cs cc couctc:ccs :cquis : lcs ut|cutiqucs,
:cg:oucs c:s t:ois c:scu|lcs cc couctc:ccs lc :cuic: c:scu|lc
;...c1o..c, co:cc::c ccs clculs siulcs ou ccs ccii:itio:s quc lò: :c:co:t:c
||itucllcuc:t c:s lcs cvlutio:s ut|cutiqucs t:citio::cllcs lc ccuxicuc
;!.., :cccssitc ccs uiscs c: :cltio: cìcccs ct cc :occcu:cs ut|cutiqucs
ou: :csouc:c, c:s u:c cc:ti:c ucsu:c, ccs :o|lcucs siulcs ct iuilic:s
l:ii:, lc cc::ic: c:scu|lc cc couctc:ccs ;..!..c, o:tc su: lc :iso::cuc:t
ut|cutiquc, su: l gc:c:listio: ct su: l cou:c|c:sio: c: :oio:ccu:
ct il cxigc ccs clcvcs quìls soic:t c|lcs cc :occcc: u:c :l,sc lcu:
c:uctt:t cìcc:tiiic: lcs clcuc:ts ut|cutiqucs cù:c situtio: ct cc osc:
lcs :o|lcucs ,
lcs s:tnot:ons Jons lesqnelles les motnemot:qnes sont nt:l:sees Dcs tc|cs
ut|c:tiqucs , |sccs su: ccs situtio:s qui, quoiquc :iois iictivcs, :c:c
sc:tc:t lcs t,cs cc :o|lcucs :c:co:t:cs c:s l vic :ccllc, so:t utilisccs
ou: ucsu:c: l cultu:c ut|cutiquc ccs clcvcs l cist:cc qui sc:c
lc /a./c ac
na//cna//tc at
l|-.
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tr |a/orrcncr/
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lcs clcvcs cc ccs situtio:s cst v:i|lc ccuis lcs situtio:s iicct:t ci:cctcuc:t
lcs clcvcs ;cctc:ui:c: si u: c|t cst |ucicicux, : cxculc, |usquùx :o|lcucs
scic:tiiiqucs cò:c:c lus gc:c:l lcs situtio:s so:t clssccs c: io:ctio: cc lcu:
:oxiuitc : :o:t ux clcvcs c:s ci:q ctcgo:ics .. ...., .. .c!o..., .oo.!
. c., .c!!..... !c.o!. . c.... ct, c:ii:, c1. 1. !o .....
,ACULTURESCIENTIFIQUEDANSLE0)3!
l cultu:c scic:tiiiquc t:it l ccitc c`cotc: u:c c:scc scic:tiiiquc c:s u:
uo:cc ou l scic:cc ct l tcc|:ologic :cg:c:t c: uit:c lllc iuliquc l cou:c|c:
sio: ccs co:ccts scic:tiiiqucs i:si quc l ccitc c`liquc: u:c c:scctivc scic:
tiiiquc D:s lc llA, l cultu:c scic:tiiiquc cst ccii:ic couuc l ccitc cùtilisc:
ccs co::iss:ccs scic:tiiiqucs, cìcc:tiiic: lcs qucstio:s ct cc ti:c: ccs co:clusio:s
io:cccs su: ccs iits, c: vuc cc cou:c:c:c lc uo:cc :tu:cl ct cc :c:c:c ccs
cccisio:s so: :oos, i:si quc cc cou:c:c:c lcs c|:gcuc:ts qui , so:t o:tcs
: l`ctivitc |uui:c
l cultu:c scic:tiiiquc cst co:sicc:cc couuc u: cquis io:cuc:tl cc l`c:scig:c
uc:t ou: tous lcs clcvcs cc 1. :s, quìls ou:suivc:t ou :o: ccs ctuccs c:
l utic:c ultc:icu:cuc:t l c:scc scic:tiiiquc :`cst s l`:gc ccs scic:tiiiqucs,
tous lcs cito,c:s so:t co:cc::cs l cccisio: cì:clu:c l cultu:c scic:tiiiquc c:s
lcs couctc:ccs gc:c:lcs utilcs c:s l vic cst uotivcc : lìuo:t:cc c:oiss:tc
ccs qucstio:s scic:tiiiqucs ct tcc|:ologiqucs l ccii:itio: cc l cultu:c scic:tiiiquc
cotcc c:s lc llA :c sig:iiic s quc lcs cultcs cc ccui: u:o:t |csoi:
cìuo:t:tcs co::iss:ccs scic:tiiiqucs l`cssc:ticl cst c``t:c c: ucsu:c c`cotc:
u:c c:scc scic:tiiiquc l`cg:c ccs iits :c:co:t:cs D:s llA !000, l`cvlutio:
ctit :ticulcc utou: cc t:ois ciuc:sio:s cc l cultu:c scic:tiiiquc
lcs concepts sc:ent:j:qnes lcs clcvcs coivc:t :c|c:cc: u: cc:ti: :ou|:c
cc co:ccts u|cu:s ou: cou:c:c:c cc:ti:s |c:ouc:cs cu uo:cc
:tu:cl ct lcs c|:gcuc:ts qui , so:t o:tcs : l`ctivitc |uui:c ll s`git
cc g::ccs :otio:s i:tcg:ccs qui co:t:i|uc:t cxliquc: cc:ti:s sccts
cc l`c:vi:o::cuc:t |,siquc lcs qucstio:s osccs lòccsio: cu c,clc
c`cvlutio: :cu:issc:t ccs co:ccts ti:cs cc l |,siquc, l c|iuic, l |iologic
ct lcs scic:ccs :tu:cllcs ct stilcs lcs co:ccts |o:ccs so:t lus scciii
qucuc:t lics u:c sc:ic cc t|cucs, tcls quc l |iocivc:sitc, lcs io:ccs ct lc
uouvcuc:t ct lc c|:gcuc:t |,siologiquc ,
lcs processns sc:ent:j:qnes lc llA ucsu:c l ccitc .!c... l cou:c
|c:sio: ct lcs co::iss:ccs scic:tiiiqucs, c`cstci:c l ccitc ccs clcvcs
co:sttc:, i:tc::ctc: ct utilisc: lcs iits i:q :occssus o:t ctc ctucics
l cctcctio: cc o..c scic:tiiiqucs, lìcc:tiiictio: c`.!.. .c/o, l`ct
|lisscuc:t cc .c.!o.c, l .co..o.c cc ccs co:clusio:s ct l u:iicst
tio: cc l .c..|..c ccs co:ccts scic:tiiiqucs ,
lcs s:tnot:ons sc:ent:j:qnes ct lcs c|us c`lictio: lc co:tcxtc cc l
cultu:c scic:tiiiquc, tcllc qu`cllc cst ccii:ic c:s lc llA, sc :o:tc cv:
tgc l vic quoticic::c quùx sllcs cc clssc ct ux l|o:toi:cs ouuc
lc l|- acj/r// la .tl/t|c
./cr//j/tc .onnc la
.aa.//c aaao/c| trc
crcc ./cr//j/tc.
.cr .or/ac|ar/ tcllc
ao// c/|c laaraqc ac
/ot c/ ror ctlcncr/
atrc cl//c
lc /a./c ac ./cr.c at
l|- tocr/ tc lc
clcvc a/cr/ a|c/crac
lc .or.c/ ./cr//j/tc
joraancr/atx.
.cr nor/|ar/ t/l
or/ a/c a .or/a/c|
a /r/c||c/c| c/ a t//l/c|
lc ja//.
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oi la ./cr.c ct/
al/tc|
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t|cucs qui o:t u:c i:iluc:cc su: l vic ccs i:civicus c: gc:c:l i:si quc su:
ccs situtio:s lus c:so::cllcs lcs qucstio:s osccs lòccsio: cu c,clc
c`cvlutio: llA !000 so:t clssccs c:s t:ois g::cs coui:cs c`lictio:
cc l scic:cc lcs scic:ccs cc l vic ct l s:tc, lcs scic:ccs cc l Ic::c ct cc
l`c:vi:o::cuc:t, ct lcs scic:ccs c:s l tcc|:ologic
,ESMTHODESDVALUATIONETDECOLLECTEDEDONNESDU0)3!
lc llA !000 ctc soig:cuscuc:t cl|o:c : u: :cscu i:tc::tio:l
cì:stitutio:s ct c`cui:c:ts cxc:ts c:s lc |ut cc sc:vi: lcs o||cctiis cxoscs
ciccssus Ious lcs clcvcs o:t :is :t, c:s lcu: ct|lisscuc:t c`c:scig:c
uc:t, u:c sc:cc c`cvlutio: cc:itc cù:c cu:cc cc ccux |cu:cs lls o:t :
illcu:s co:sc:c u:c ccui|cu:c :co:c:c u: qucstio::i:c c:so::cl lcs
c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t o:t ctc i:vitcs couuu:iquc: ccs i:io:utio:s su: lcu:
ct|lisscuc:t c: :co:c:t u: qucstio::i:c cc !0 ui:utcs
lcs cvlutio:s ccs clcvcs :cosc:t su: lcs uùcs :i:cics c:s lcs t:ois
coui:cs ll c: i: cc uùc ou: tous lcs c,clcs c`cvlutio: succcssiis, uis l
qu:titc cc utc:icl cc tcst co:sc:cc c|cu: ccs coui:cs v:ic: c: io:c
tio: ccs c,clcs l uisc c: ouv:c cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000 cssc:ticl
lcuc:t |sc su: l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it s`cst cc:oulcc couuc suit ;il ,
licu cc sc :co:tc: u roc. ..|.o. ti:+ 2 ou: cv:tgc cc cctils
cct cg:c,
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llA !000 o:t ctc cui:ist:cs sous l io:uc c`c:cuvcs cc:itcs Divc:s
io:uts cìtcus o:t ctc utiliscs D:s cc:ti:s cs, lcs clcvcs o:t ctc i:vitcs
co:sultc: ccs tcxtcs ct ccs cig:uucs, uis :co:c:c u:c sc:ic cc
qucstio:s lcs co:cc:::t l lu:t ccs itcus o:t ctc co:us cc u:ic:c
ucsu:c: l ccitc ccs clcvcs :cilcc|i: ctivcuc:t u coui:c co:cc::c
Dcs cxculcs cìtcus so:t :csc:tcs ux c|it:cs ! ct ! ,
nne convertnre exnonst:ve Jn Jomo:ne concerne Dcs tcsts c`cvlutio:
cc ccux |cu:cs c|cu:, uis co:stitucs cc ciiic:c:tcs cou|i:iso:s cìtcus,
o:t ctc cui:ist:cs ux clcvcs D:c |ttc:ic cìtcus co::cso:c:t sct
|cu:cs cc tcst ctc :c:cc ii: cc couv:i: tous lcs coui:cs c`cvlutio:
lcs civc:scs cou|i:iso:s cìtcus o:t ctc :cg:ouccs c:s :cui c::cts cc
tcsts ciiic:c:ts ll ctc cccicc cc ii:c iigu:c: lcs uùcs itcus c:s lusicu:s
c::cts cc tcst ou: ii:c c: so:tc quù: :ou|:c :c:csc:ttii c`clcvcs
:co:cc:t c|quc itcu D: c::ct cc tcst ctc :cuis c|quc clcvc ,
nne cooperot:on entre tons les poys port:c:ponts en vne Je Jevelopper
nn moter:el Jèvolnot:on vol:J:te tronsnot:onole u: l |sc ccs
scciiictio:s ccs tcsts ct ccs cc:cs c`cvlutio: :ouvcs u :ivcu i:tc:
:tio:l, lcs ,s o:t cl|o:c ccs itcus cc tcst qui o:t ctc :cviscs :
ccs sccilistcs ccs ciscili:cs co:cc::ccs ct : ccs cxc:ts c: utic:c
lc clcvc at l|- or/
|/ a|/ a trc car.c
acvalta//or atrc at|cc
ac actx /ct|c c/ .onnc
lc ./cj ac/abl/cncr/
or/ |corat a tr
tc//orra/|c
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/a./c.
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va|/c
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la val/a//c ac //cn atr
ay a lat/|c.
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c`cvlutio: Dùt:cs itcus o:t ctc ccvclocs ou: ii:c c: so:tc quc tous
lcs sccts ccs cc:cs c`cvlutio: soic:t :is c: co:sicc:tio: lcs itcus
o:t c:suitc iit lò||ct cù: cssi ilotc co:t lcs :csultts o:t ctc :l,scs
ct l |ttc:ic cìtcus :cviscs c:suitc ctc vliccc : u: cssi cc tc::i:
l:ii:, ou: g::ti: lcu: vlicitc c:t:c tous lcs ,s, toutcs lcs l:gucs ct
toutcs lcs cultu:cs, lcs ,s :tici:ts o:t cvluc l`lic|ilitc cultu:cllc
ccs itcus, lcu: c:ti:c:cc : :o:t ux co:tc:us ccs :og:uucs scoli
:cs ct cùt:cs co:tc:us, i:si quc l`ccqutio: cc lcu: ccg:c cc ciiiicultc ,
Jes proceJnres stonJorJ:sees ponr lo preporot:on et lo m:se en onvre
Je lèvolnot:on lc llA cst u:c i:ititivc s:s :ccccc:t qui visc g::ti:
l cou:|ilitc ccs :csultts c:t:c ,s, cultu:cs ct l:gucs cttc i:ititivc
sc cisti:guc :o: sculcuc:t : lc c:ctc:c cx|ustii cc l`cvlutio: cc l
oultio: ccs |cu:cs cc 1. :s cc c|quc ,s, uis cglcuc:t : l
coll|o:tio: cù: l:gc :cl c`cxc:ts issus cc tous lcs ,s :tici:ts,
: l`lictio: cc :occcu:cs :o:ulisccs ou: l :c:tio: ct l uisc
c: ouv:c cc l`cvlutio: ct : lc co:t:lc st:ict cc l qulitc tout u lo:g
cu :occssus lcs i:st:uuc:ts c`cvlutio: o:t ctc :c:cs l iois c:
:glis ct c: i::is, uis t:cuits c:s lcs l:gucs ccs ,s :tici:ts Dcs
:occcu:cs cc t:cuctio: ct cc vc:iiictio: st:ictcs c: g::tissic:t lì:tcg:itc
ct l`cquivlc:cc li:guistiqucs D:s lcs ,s qui :c so:t :i :glo|o:cs :i
i::co|o:cs, ccux t:cuctio:s i:ccc:c:tcs ccs i:st:uuc:ts c`cvlutio:
o:t ctc :ocuitcs lc lus souvc:t :ti: ccs ccux vc:sio:s sou:ccs ct
c:suitc co:ciliccs ll co:vic:t cc co:sultc: lcs ::cxcs A! A ou: cv:tgc
cì:io:utio:s su: lcs :o:ucs ct :occcu:cs liquccs c:s lc llA
Dcs sc:ics cc tcxtcs o:t ctc utiliscs ou: :occcc: l`cvlutio: cc l
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, ct c|quc tcxtc souuis ux clcvcs ctit ccoug:c
cù:c sc:ic cc qucstio:s Qu::tcci:q ou: cc:t ccs tc|cs :cccssitic:t u:c
:co:sc co:st:uitc lcs clcvcs ctic:t clcs iou::i: u:c :co:sc |:cvc
:ti: cù:c guuc cc :co:scs ossi|lcs ou cl|o:c: u:c :co:sc co:st:uitc
lus lo:guc, cc qui lissit u:c cc:ti:c ltitucc ux :co:scs civc:gc:tcs,
c:so::cllcs, voi:c cx:iu:t ccs oi:ts cc vuc ooscs c cc::ic: t,c
cìtcu souvc:t cxigc ccs clcvcs quìls co:i:o:tc:t ccs i:io:utio:s ou ccs
icccs co:tc:ucs c:s lc stiuulus lcu:s :o:cs oi:io:s ou cxc:ic:cc D:s
cc cs, l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc lcu: :co:sc ctit ccct|lc ccc:c uoi:s cc
l ositio: cotcc : l`clcvc quc cc s ccitc utilisc: cc quìl lu lo:squìl
|ustiiic ou ct,c s ositio: l ossi|ilitc c`tt:i|uc: u: c:ccit :ticl ou: lcs
:co:scs :ticllcuc:t co::cctcs ou uoi:s cl|o:ccs ctc :cvuc, ct tous lcs
itcus cc cc t,c o:t ctc coccs u:ucllcuc:t Qu::tcci:q ou: cc:t
ccs itcus ctic:t ccs qucstio:s c|oix uultilc, ou: lcsqucllcs lcs clcvcs
vic:t ii:c u: c|oix c:t:c qut:c ou ci:q ossi|ilitcs ou u:c sc:ic cc c|oix
c: c:tou::t u: uot ou u:c |:sc |:cvc ;: cxculc oo. ou :c, ou:
c|quc oi:t cc l qucstio: lcs cix ou: cc:t cìtcus :cst:ts cxigcic:t ccs
clcvcs quìls co:st:uisc:t lcu: :o:c :co:sc c:s u:c iou:c|cttc liuitcc cc
:co:scs ccct|lcs
.c/ at|c| tc
lcvalta//or c ac|otlc
ac nar/c|c ct/valcr/c
aar /ot lc ay
l|ctc la no///c ac
/a./c ac lc./t|c
acla/cr/ trc |corc
.or/|t//c.
!
l cultu:c ut|cutiquc ctc cvlucc : lc |iis cc tcsts cou:c::t civc:s
t,cs cc qucstio:s A lì:st: cc l`cvlutio: cc l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it,
il , vit u:c sc:ic cù:itcs, ct c|cu:c c`c:t:c cllcs cxosit u:c situtio:
ou u: :o|lcuc su: lcsqucls lusicu:s qucstio:s ou tc|cs ctic:t :oosccs
ux clcvcs Diiic:c:tcs cou|i:iso:s cc cig:uucs ct cc tcxtcs cc:its o:t
ctc utilisccs ou: i:t:ocui:c lcs u:itcs Dcux tic:s c:vi:o: ccs itcus o:t
ctc io:uulcs cc u:ic:c c:uctt:c u:c co::cctio: s:s u|igutc cc l
:co:sc ;co::cctc ou i:co::cctc, lcs clcvcs ccuo:t:ic:t lcu:s couctc:ccs
c: :co:c:t co::cctcuc:t ccs :o|lcucs ct c: iis:t :cuvc cc cou:c
|c:sio: cu :i:cic ut|cutiquc sous|cc:t l tc|c lou: lcs itcus lus
coulcxcs, lcs clcvcs ouvic:t o|tc:i: u: c:ccit coulct ou u: c:ccit :ticl
l cultu:c scic:tiiiquc ctc cvlucc sclo: u: :occcc siuili:c l cultu:c
ut|cutiquc, : lc |iis cù:c sc:ic cù:itcs co:t lcs qucstio:s co:cc::ic:t
l situtio: scic:tiiiquc :ccllc :csc:tcc c:s c|quc u:itc Dcux tic:s c:vi:o:
ccs itcus o:t ctc io:uulcs cc u:ic:c c:uctt:c u:c co::cctio: s:s u|i
gutc cc l :co:sc ;co::cctc ou i:co::cctc, lou: lcs itcus lus coulcxcs, lcs
clcvcs ouvic:t o|tc:i: u: c:ccit coulct ou u: c:ccit :ticl
lcs qucstio::i:cs co:tcxtucls cu llA o:t c:uis cc :ccucilli: ccs co::ccs
iuo:t:tcs ou: lì:tc::cttio: ct l`:l,sc ccs :csultts lcs qucstio::i:cs
o:tic:t su: lcs c:ctc:istiqucs ccs clcvcs, :otuuc:t lcu: scxc ct lcu: uilicu
cco:ouiquc ct socil, ct co:tc:ic:t ccs qucstio:s su: lcs ctivitcs :tiquccs
l`ccolc ct l uiso: A tit:c còtio: i:tc::tio:lc, lcs clcvcs o:t cglcuc:t
:co:cu ccs qucstio:s su: lcu:s ttituccs l`cg:c cc l`:c:tissgc, cc lcu:
iuili:itc vcc lì:io:utiquc ct, sous lì:titulc :c:tissgc uto:cgulc ,
cc cc:ti:s sccts ccs st:tcgics utilisccs ou: gc:c: ct co:t:lc: lcu: :o:c
:c:tissgc lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t ccs ccolcs co:t lcs clcvcs o:t ctc
souuis l`cvlutio: o:t cglcuc:t :co:cu ccs qucstio:s co:cc:::t lcs
c:ctc:istiqucs cc lcu: ct|lisscuc:t ;tcllcs quc l g::ccu: ct lcs :cssou:ccs,
ct lc uocc cò:g:istio: cc l`:c:tissgc
)NTERPRTATIONDESRSULTATSDUCYCLEDVALUATION0)3!
i lcs :csultts o|tc:us : u: ,s co::c c:s lc cc:c cu llA so:t suc:icu:s
ccux cù: ut:c ,s, ccl :c sig:iiic s ou: ut:t quc lcs ct|lisscuc:ts
c`c:scig:cuc:t cu :cuic: so:t lus c:io:u:ts l: ciict, l`:c:tissgc
couuc:cc |ic: v:t l scol:istio: ct sc ou:suit c:s civc:s c:vi:o::cuc:ts
i:stitutio::cls ct cxt:scoli:cs l: :cv:c|c, lò: cut c: co:clu:c vcc :iso:
quc, c:s cc ,s, lìuct cuuulc cc toutcs lcs cxc:ic:ccs c`:c:tissgc
vccucs c:t:c l ctitc c:i:cc ct l`gc cc 1. :s, l`ccolc ct c: cc|o:s cc l`ccolc,
gc:c:c ccs :csultts lus ivo:|lcs c:s lcs coui:cs cvlucs : lc llA
ouuc lcs lcctcu:s cu :csc:t :o:t :c u:quc:o:t s cc lc co:sttc:, lcs
:csultts cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000 co:ii:uc:t ct ct,c:t ui:ts cg:cs
lcs :csultts c`c:qu`tcs i:tc::tio:lcs :tc:icu:cs, tcllcs quc l I:oisicuc ctucc
i:tc::tio:lc su: lcs ut|cutiqucs ct lcs scic:ccs ;Il\,, :cliscc c: 1--. :
lÀssocitio: i:tc::tio:lc ou: l`cvlutio: cu :c:ccuc:t scoli:c ;llA, vcc
./ara/ tc la nao|//c
ac /a./c cr
na//cna//tc.
.c/ cr ./cr.c c/a/cr/
jo|ntlcc ac nar/c|c a
c|nc//|c trc .o||c.//or
tr/votc ac la |corc
.o||c./c ot /r.o||c./c'
lc tc//orra/|c
clcvc or/ c|n/
ac |c.tc/ll/| ac aorrcc
t| lc n/l/ct ac clcvc
c/ lc a.//v//c |a//tcc
lc clcvc or/ cqalcncr/
|corat a ac tc//or
t| la nar/c|c aor/ /l
a|crrcr/
lc |ctl/a/ at l|-
|cjlc/cr/ ror ctlcncr/
lc a.t/ .ola/|c na/
.or///tcr/ tr c/a/ ac
l/ctx ac la|cr//aqc
at cr la|qc.
.c/ a/jjc|cr/ aor. a
.c|/a/r cqa|a ac |ctl/a/
acvalta//or aavar/aqc
axcc t| lc |oq|annc
acrc/qrcncr/
!-
lcs clcvcs cc !
c
+
c
::cc, cc
c
c
::ccs ct cc cc::ic:c ::cc scco:ci:c lllc
ctc :cco:cuitc c: 1--- vcc lcs clcvcs cc
c
::cc A cùt:cs cg:cs c: :cv:c|c,
lcs :csultts civc:gc:t cc ccux o|tc:us lòccsio: c`c:qu`tcs :tc:icu:cs su:
lcs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs cs ciiic:c:ccs :c so:t guc:c su::c::tcs lcs
i:st:uuc:ts c`cvlutio: cc Il\ o:t ctc cl|o:cs su: |sc cù:c :l,sc cu
:og:uuc c`c:scig:cuc:t visc : c|cu: ccs ,s :tici:ts ct cc c:s
lc |ut cc :ccouv:i: u:c utic:c cc:t:lc ct couuu:c ux :og:uucs cc l
u|o:itc ccs ,s :tici:ts , lcs i:st:uuc:ts c`cvlutio: cu llA, tcls quìls
so:t ccc:its lus |ut, couv:ic:t u: cvc:til cc couctc:ccs ct cc co::iss:ccs
qui, c:s lcu:s coui:cs :cscctiis, o:t ctc |ugccs cssc:ticllcs : :o:t l
ccitc cù: i:civicu :ticic: lci:cuc:t l socictc uocc::c, voi:c ,
co:t:i|uc: l:ii:, il , licu cc g:cc: l`cs:it quc l oultio: ci|lc cu llA,
co:stitucc c`clcvcs gcs cc 1. :s, :c co::cso:c s ccllc cc l`ctucc Il\,
ccii:ic : :o:t l`::cc c`ctuccs
,EXPLOITATIONDU0)3!DESFINSPOLITIQUES
lc llA iou::it u:c l:gc cvlutio: cu :c:ccuc:t cou:c cc l`:c:tissgc
vc:s l ii: cc l scol:itc o|ligtoi:c cllcci cut l iois o:ic:tc: lcs cccisio:s
olitiqucs ct lìiccttio: ccs :cssou:ccs, c: cllc c:uct cc cc::c: lcs ictcu:s
qui co:t:i|uc:t u ccvclocuc:t ccs co::iss:ccs ct ccs couctc:ccs, i:si
quc l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc ccs ictcu:s so:t couuu:s ux ciiic:c:ts ,s
lc llA iou::it u:c cou:iso: i:tc::tio:lc cu :c:ccuc:t ccs s,stcucs
ccuctiis c: tc:ucs cc :o|ustcs ucsu:cs cc couctc:ccs utilcs c:s l vic
cultc cc tous lcs |ou:s ucsu:cs co:t l vlicitc s`ctc:c toutcs lcs cultu:cs
lcs cvlutio:s qui sc |o::c:t cstiuc: l uit:isc ccs utic:cs i:sc:itcs
c:s lcs :og:uucs c`c:scig:cuc:t cuvc:t iou::i: ccs i:cictio:s qu:t
l`ciiicic:cc .... ccs s,stcucs scoli:cs lllcs :c :cvclc:t s l`ciiiccitc vcc
lqucllc lcs ccolcs :c:c:t lcs clcvcs l vic quìls uc:c:o:t :cs voi:
tc:ui:c lcu:s ctuccs
lcs i:io:utio:s :sscu|lccs c:s lc cc:c cu llA c:ucttc:t : illcu:s ux
ccciccu:s c`:l,sc: c: :oio:ccu: lcs ictcu:s ssocics l :cussitc scoli:c, s:s sc
liuitc: l cou:iso: cc :csultts isolcs cc lcu: co:tcxtc lcs ccciccu:s cuvc:t
: cxculc sc ii:c u:c iccc cc lìuo:t:cc cc l`cc:t cc couctc:cc c:t:c clcvcs
issus cc uilicux ivo:iscs ct uoi:s ivo:iscs c:s lcu: :o:c ,s, c: cou:iso:
u uùc cc:t c:s cùt:cs ,s lc llA sc c:c|c cglcuc:t su: lcs c:ctc
:istiqucs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t, :otuuc:t lc uocc cò:g:istio:
cc l`:c:tissgc, ct cxliquc c: quoi ccs c:ctc:istiqucs co:citio::c:t lc :ivcu
cc couctc:cc ccs clcvcs lcs co::ccs :ccucillics cuvc:t `t:c cxloitccs ou:
icc:tiiic: lcs ttituccs ccs clcvcs qui scu|lc:t co:t:i|uc: lc lus l`:c:tissgc lc
llA :oosc co:c ui:ts cg:cs u:c :ouvcllc u:ic:c c`c:visgc: lc :c:ccuc:t
scoli:c, su: l |sc ccs cxc:ic:ccs ccs clcvcs c:s lc uo:cc, lutt quc c:s lc
co:tcxtc cultu:cl scciiiquc cù: scul ,s l: illcu:s, s ciuc:sio: i:tc::tio:lc
c:uct ux ccciccu:s cì:ii:uc: ou cc co:ii:uc: ccs |,ot|cscs co:cc:::t l
qulitc cu :c:ccuc:t scoli:c c:s lcu: ,s
lc l|- c|nc/ ac .c|rc|
lc ja./ct| t/ .or/|/btcr/
at acvclocncr/ ac
.orra/ar.c c/ ac
.onc/cr.c
|l cjjo|.c ac .ona|c|
lcjj/.a.//c avc. latcllc
lc a/jjc|cr/ y/cnc
cat.a//j |ca|cr/ lc
clcvc a la v/c
|l /acr//j/c c/ .ona|c
lc ja./ct| /ra/v/atcl
jan/l/atx c/ .ola/|c
ao./c a la |ct//c
.ola/|c.
!0
A l luuic:c ccs :csultts cu llA, lcs ccciccu:s ct lcs c:scig::ts cisosc:t
cù: outil ou: icc:tiiic: lcs oi:ts ii|lcs ct lcs oi:ts io:ts cc lcu: s,stcuc lc
iit quc lcs :csultts ccs clcvcs soic:t c: uo,c::c sscz clcvcs c:s cc:ti:s ,s
ct quc l`cc:t c:t:c lcs clcvcs ii|lcs ct io:ts , soit uoccstc ;c|it:c !,
suggc:c quc ccs :ivcux cc couctc:cc clcvcs :c vo:t s io:ccuc:t cc
i: vcc cc g::ccs cis:itcs uo,c::cs cc :csultt Dc uùc, lc iit quc
lì:iluc:cc cc l :cltio: c:t:c lc uilicu socil ct lcs :csultts cc l`:c:tissgc
v:ic io:tcuc:t cù: ,s lùt:c ;c|it:c , co::c c:sc: quc lcs ccolcs
ct lcs s,stcucs scoli:cs cuvc:t ttc:uc: ccttc i:iluc:cc ll :`cst s i:cvit|lc
quc lcs clcvcs cc uilicux sociux uoi:s ivo:iscs o|tic::c:t cc ict:cs :csultts
lcs ccolcs ct lcs ccciccu:s olitiqucs o:t cc toutc cvicc:cc u: :lc |ouc:
c:s l luttc co:t:c lcs uuvis :csultts scoli:cs
l:ii:, lc llA :c:c coutc ccs couctc:ccs ccs clcvcs co:io:ucuc:t u:
clc:c:ic: ct|li, cc qui c:uct ux gouvc::cuc:ts cc suiv:c i:tc:vllc
:cgulic: l`cvolutio: cc lcu:s s,stcucs ccuctiis c: tc:ucs cc :csultts ct
c`cvluc: lcs olitiqucs :tio:lcs l luuic:c ccs :csultts cùt:cs ,s lcs
:csultts cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000, qui io:t lò||ct cu :csc:t :o:t,
iou::issc:t lcs co::ccs cc cc:t lcs gouvc::cuc:ts ou::o:t sc :c:c:c
coutc ccs :og:cs :cliscs c: !00!, !00o, !00-, ctc
l:llclcuc:t cc :o:t i:itil i:tc::tio:l, l lu:t ccs ,s :tici
:ts u|lic:t ccs :o:ts :tio:ux c:s lcsqucls lcs :csultts so:t :l,scs
ct lccs c: :cg:c cc lcu:s iulictio:s olitiqucs su: lc l: cco:ouiquc,
socil ct ccuctii l`cc|cllc :tio:lc l: out:c, ccs :o:ts t|cutiqucs
i:tc::tio:ux lus cctillcs so:t c: cou:s c`cl|o:tio:, sc io:c:t su: lcs
:csultts cu llA !000 ou: cxui:c: ccs qucstio:s scciiiqucs ct lcs iulic
tio:s olitiqucs cc ccllcsci cs :o:ts t|cutiqucs sc co:cc:t:c:o:t tout
:ticulic:cuc:t su: lcs qucstio:s touc|:t l`cquitc , lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c
scxcs c:s lcs c:io:u:ccs, lcs ttituccs ct l uotivtio: ccs clcvcs , lcs
|csoi:s scciiiqucs ccs lus vul:c:|lcs i:si quc ccs clcvcs lcs lus io:ts , lc
:lc cc l`c:ggcuc:t ct cc l uotivtio: c: t:t quc :ccu:scu: cc l c:io:
u:cc ct ccs ccsti:tio:s iutu:cs , l :tu:c, lc ccvclocuc:t ct lìuct ccs
couctc:ccs citcs cc littc:tic , c:ii:, su: lcs ciiic:c:ts sccts ccs st:tcgics
c`:c:tissgc ct lìugc cc soi
,EDVELOPPEMENTDU0)3!nUNEINITIATIVECONCERTE
lc llA cst lc i:uit cù:c vstc i:ititivc co:cc:tcc quc lcs ,s \cu|:cs cc
l`Dl o:t c:t:c:isc c:s lc |ut cc iou::i: u: :ouvcu uocc c`cvlutio:
ccs cquis ccs clcvcs, su: u:c |sc :ccu::c:tc lcs cvlutio:s o:t ctc co:ucs
co:|oi:tcuc:t, uis :ouvccs : lcs ,s :tici:ts, v:t c``t:c uiscs c:
ouv:c : ccs o:g:istio:s :tio:lcs lc co:cou:s o:tc : lcs c:scig::ts
ct c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:ts :tici:ts c:s u: cs:it co:st:uctii s`cst vc:c u:
ictcu: :iuo:cil ou: l :cussitc cu llA c:s c|cu:c ccs ctcs cc so:
ccvclocuc:t ct cc s uisc c: ouv:c
.c|nc//ar/ a/r/ atx
ay ac c cr./c| t|
lct| y/cnc cat.a//j a
la ltn/c|c ac |ctl/a/
ob/crt aar aat/|c
ay
lc .a|a./c|c c|/oa/tc
at l|- c|nc//|a atx
ay ac t/v|c lcvolt//or
ac lct| y/cnc
cat.a//j cr /c|nc ac
|ctl/a/
lc l|- c/ lc j|t// atrc
.ooc|a//or cjj/.a.c
cr/|c o|qar/a//or
ra//oralc cxc|/ aar
lc na//c|c cvaltcc c/
|corablc ac
y/cnc cat.a//j.
!1
lc o:scil ccs ,s :tici:ts, qui :c:csc:tc tous lcs ,s :tici:ts ux
:ivcux olitiqucs lcs lus clcvcs, iixc lcs :o:ucs ct :io:itcs olitiqucs
co:cc:::t lc ccvclocuc:t ccs i:cictcu:s, l co:cctio: ccs i:st:uuc:ts
c`cvlutio: ct l :csc:ttio: ccs :csultts Dcs cxc:ts ccs ,s :tici:ts
cooc:c:t u sci: cc g:oucs cc t:vil ou: ct|li: u: lic: c:t:c lcs o||cctiis
c`ctio: olitiquc cu :og:uuc ct lcs ucillcu:cs couctc:ccs i:tc::tio:lcs
ciso:i|lcs c:s lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio: l: coll|o::t ux t:vux cc
ccs g:oucs c`cxc:ts, lcs ,s o:t vcillc cc quc lcs i:st:uuc:ts c`cvlutio:
utiliscs lòccsio: cu llA soic:t vliccs su: lc l: i:tc::tio:l ct :c::c:t
c: coutc lc co:tcxtc cultu:cl ct ccuctii ccs ciiic:c:ts ,s cc l`Dl, quc
lc otc:ticl ccs ucsu:cs quc :ocui:o:t lcs i:st:uuc:ts c`cvlutio: soit clcvc
ct, c:ii:, quc ccs cc::ic:s ucttc:t l`ccc:t su: lùt|c:ticitc ct l vlicitc ccs
co::ccs su: lc l: ccuctii
lcs ,s :tici:ts o:t uis c: ouv:c lc llA l`cc|clo: :tio:l :
lì:tc:uccii:c ccs ci:cctcu:s :tio:ux cc :o|ct, c:s lc :cscct ccs :occ
cu:cs tcc|:iqucs ct cui:ist:tivcs couuu:cs lcs ci:cctcu:s cc :o|ct o:t
cu |ouc: u: :lc cc :cuic: l: c:s lc ccvclocuc:t ct l vlictio: ccs
i:st:uuc:ts c`cvlutio: i:tc::tio:ux ct sc so:t ssu:cs quc l`cui:ist:tio:
cu llA :co:cc ux :o:ucs cc qulitc lcs lus clcvccs lls o:t cglcuc:t
co:t:i|uc u co:t:lc ct l`cvlutio: ccs :csultts cc l`c:qu`tc, i:si quc ccs
:l,scs ct ccs :o:ts
l :cso:s|ilitc cc l co:cctio: ct cc l uisc c: ouv:c cu c,clc c`cvlutio:
llA !000 c:s lc :cscct cu cc:c ccii:i : lc o:scil ccs ,s :tici:ts
ctc co:iicc u: co:so:tiuu i:tc::tio:l ci:igc : lÀust:li: ou:cil io:
lcuctio:l kcsc:c| ;Alk, l:ui lcs ut:cs ucu|:cs cu co:so:tiuu iigu
:ic:t lc :tio:l l:stitutc io: lcuctio:l \csu:cuc:t ux l,sls ;lI,,
l`lcuctio: Icsti:g c:vicc ;lI, ct Wcstt ;lttsD:is, ct lc :tio:l l:stitutc
io: lcuctio:l lolic, kcsc:c| u o: ;:llk,
lc cc:ct:it cc l`Dl ctit :cso:s|lc cc l gcstio: glo|lc cu :og:uuc
ll suivi l uisc c: ouv:c cc cc cc::ic: u |ou: lc |ou:, ssu:c lc scc:ct:it
cu o:scil ccs ,s :tici:ts, stiuulc l :cc|c:c|c cc co:sc:sus c:t:c lcs
,s :tici:ts ct sc:vi cì:tc:locutcu: c:t:c lc o:scil ccs ,s :tici:ts
ct lc co:so:tiuu i:tc::tio:l
lc llA cst ii::cc co:|oi:tcuc:t : tous lcs ,s :tici:ts
3TRUCTUREDURAPPORT
lcs cnop:tres 2 et 1 ccc:ivc:t lc :ivcu cc couctc:cc ccs clcvcs c:s lcs
t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio: cu llA lc cnop:tre o ou:suit ccttc ccsc:itio:
: u:c :csc:ttio: cu :oiil ccs clcvcs c: t:t qu`:c::ts cc 1. :s ct
ctucic lcu: uotivtio:, lcu: c:ggcuc:t, lcu:s st:tcgics c`:c:tissgc ct
lcu: co:cctio: cc lcu:s :o:cs ccitcs ll i:clut cglcuc:t u:c ccsc:itio:
cc l iuili:itc ccs clcvcs vcc lì:io:utiquc
./l a c/c a/|/qc
.oro/r/cncr/ a| lc
qotvc|rcncr/ t| la
bac aobc.//j .onntr
aa.//or ol///tc.
.c/ a c/c qc|c a| lC/|
c |ao|/ c cr./c
t..c/vcncr/ t| lc
r/vcat ac .onc/cr.c
ac clcvc.
!!
lc cnop:tre ctucic lcs ciiic:c:ccs cc :ivcu cc couctc:cc liccs u scxc c:s
lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio: cs ciiic:c:ccs so:t :l,sccs ou: l`c:scu|lc
ccs clcvcs gcs cc 1. :s i:si quc ou: cc:ti:s sousg:oucs c`clcvcs
lcs cnop:tres o et situc:t lc :ivcu cc couctc:cc : :o:t u uilicu ccs
clcvcs ct lcu: c:vi:o::cuc:t c`:c:tissgc c:s lc sc:s l:gc lc c|it:c o
sc co:cc:t:c su: l ccsc:itio: cu uilicu iuilil ccs clcvcs :otuuc:t lcs
sccts cultu:cls, cco:ouiqucs ct sociux ct sc ou:suit c:s lc c|it:c :
l`:l,sc cc l v:itio: cc l`c:vi:o::cuc:t c`:c:tissgc ct cc lò:g:istio:
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts sclo: lcs ,s lc c|it:c ctucic cglcuc:t lcs :cssou:ccs
|uui:cs ct ii::cic:cs i:vcstics c:s l`ccuctio: ct :l,sc cc:ti:cs c:ctc
:istiqucs ccs s,stcucs ccuctiis :tio:ux
l:ii:, lc cnop:tre ccvcloc ccs :csultts ct |o:cc u: cc:ti: :ou|:c cc
qucstio:s co:cc:::t l :tu:c ccs :cltio:s c:t:c lcs :csultts scoli:cs ct lc uilicu
socil l`:l,sc ccs :cltio:s siuult:ccs c:t:c lusicu:s v:i|lcs ciiic:c:tcs,
c:s u: vstc cvc:til cc cc:cs scoli:cs ct c:s civc:s ,s, ct :otuuc:t lcs
ictcu:s iuiliux ct scoli:cs, c:uct c`:ccic: lìuct, isolc ou :o:, cc
ccs ictcu:s ct cc ucsu:c: lìuo:t:cc :cltivc ccs :cssou:ccs scoli:cs ct ccs
olitiqucs ct :tiqucs scoli:cs c:s lcs ciiic:c:ts t,cs cc s,stcuc scoli:c lcs
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iicctc:t cglcuc:t lc ccg:c cc ciiiicultc
lc ccg:c cc ciiiicultc ccc:c cu t,c cc :cilcxio:
ccu:ccc lcs tc|cs lcs lus icilcs cxigc:t cu
lcctcu: cc uctt:c l'cc:it c: :cltio: vcc s :o:c
cxc:ic:cc c: t:ouv:t u:c cxlictio: ou c:
ct|liss:t ccs lic:s sscz siulcs , lcs tc|cs lus
coulcxcs cllc:t u:c |,ot|csc ou u:c
cvlutio: l ciiiicultc v:ic sclo: lc c:ctc:c
iuilic: ou :o: ccs co::iss:ccs cxtc:icu:cs
uxqucllcs lc lcctcu: ccv: ii:c cl , l
coulcxitc cu tcxtc, lc :ivcu :cquis cc
cou:c|c:sio: cu tcxtc , l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc
lc lcctcu: cst cxlicitcuc:t o:ic:tc vc:s lcs ictcu:s
c:ti:c:ts, l iois c:s l tc|c ct c:s lc tcxtc
loclisc: u:c ou lusicu:s i:io:utio:s cisti:ctcs
cxlicitcuc:t uc:tio::ccs c:s lc tcxtc c:
:'liqu:t qu'u: scul c:itc:c
lcc:tiiic: lc t|cuc :i:cil ou l'i:tc:tio: cc
l'utcu: c:s u: tcxtc su: u: su|ct iuilic: lo:squc
l'i:io:utio: :cquisc cst uisc c: cvicc:cc c:s
lc tcxtc
lt|li: u:c :cltio: siulc c:t:c l'i:io:utio:
cu tcxtc ct ccs co::iss:ccs iuilic:cs cc l vic
cou::tc
loclisc: ct cvc:tucllcuc:t o:co::c: ou
cou|i:c: cc uultilcs i:guc:ts c'i:io:utio:
:iitcuc:t cissiuulcs c:s lc tcxtc, co:t
cc:ti:s cuvc:t sc situc: l'cxtc:icu: cu co:s
cu tcxtc l: cxt:i:c lcs i:io:utio:s c:ti:c:tcs
ou: l tc|c ccouli: I:itc: ccs i:io:utio:s
co:t:cictoi:cs io:t lusi|lcs ctou t:cs iouillccs
oit ccggc: lc sc:s c'u: l:ggc :u:cc, soit
ii:c :cuvc c'u:c cou:c|c:sio: cx|ustivc ct
:oio:cic cu tcxtc
l:occcc: ccs cvlutio:s c:itiqucs ct cl|o:c:
ccs |,ot|cscs c: iis:t cl ccs co::iss:ccs
sccilisccs I:itc: ccs :otio:s i:ttc:cucs ct
:ccou:i: u:c cou:c|c:sio: :oio:cic cc
tcxtcs lo:gs ou coulcxcs
loclisc: u: ou lusicu:s clcuc:ts c'i:io:utio:,
co:t c|cu: cut ccvoi: :co:c:c lusicu:s
c:itc:cs I:itc: ccs i:io:utio:s co:t:cictoi:cs
lcc:tiiic: l'iccc uit:cssc c'u: tcxtc, cou:c:c:c
ccs :cltio:s, co:stituc: ou liquc: ccs
ctcgo:ics clcuc:ti:cs, ou ccggc: cu sc:s c'u:c
:tic liuitcc cu tcxtc lo:squc l'i:io:utio: :'cst
s uisc c: cvicc:cc ct qu'il cst iit cl ccs
i:ic:c:ccs cc |s :ivcu
li:c u:c cou:iso: ou ct|li: ccs lic:s c:t:c
lc tcxtc ct ccs co::iss:ccs cxtc:icu:cs, ou
cxliquc: u:c c:ctc:istiquc cu tcxtc c: sc
io:c:t su: l'cxc:ic:cc ct ccs ttituccs
c:so::cllcs
loclisc: ccs i:guc:ts c'i:io:utio: ct, c:s
cc:ti:s cs, :cco::it:c l :cltio: c:t:c ccs
i:guc:ts, co:t c|cu: cut ccvoi: :co:c:c
lusicu:s c:itc:cs I:itc: ccs i:io:utio:s
co:t:cictoi:cs uiscs c: cvicc:cc
l:tcg:c: lusicu:s :tics c'u: tcxtc ou: c:
icc:tiiic: l'iccc uit:cssc, cou:c:c:c u:c
:cltio: ou i:ic:c: lc sc:s c'u: uot ou c'u:c
|:sc ou:c:, co:t:stc: ou clssc: :
ctcgo:ics c: tc::t coutc cc :ou|:cux
c:itc:cs I:itc: ccs i:io:utio:s co:t:cictoi:cs
lt|li: ccs co::cxio:s ou ii:c ccs cou:iso:s,
ou cvluc: u:c c:ctc:istiquc c'u: tcxtc li:c
:cuvc c'u:c cou:c|c:sio: cctillcc cu tcxtc
: :o:t ccs co::iss:ccs iuilic:cs cc l
vic cou::tc, ou :ccou:i: ccs co::iss:ccs
uoi:s cccssi|lcs
loclisc: ct cvc:tucllcuc:t o:co::c: ou
cou|i:c: cc uultilcs i:guc:ts c'i:io:utio:
cissiuulcs c:s lc tcxtc, co:t c|cu: cut ccvoi:
:co:c:c lusicu:s c:itc:cs, ct cc c:s u: tcxtc
co:t lc co:tcxtc ou l io:uc :c so:t s iuilic:s
l: cxt:i:c lcs i:io:utio:s c:ti:c:tcs ou: l
tc|c ccouli:
utilisc: u:c i:ic:c:cc tcxtucllc cc |ut :ivcu
ou: :c|c:cc: lc tcxtc ct liquc: ccs
ctcgo:ics u: co:tcxtc cu iuilic: Dcggc:
lc sc:s c'u:c scctio: cu tcxtc tout c: co:sicc::t
lc tcxtc c:s so: c:scu|lc I:itc: ccs u|igutcs,
ccs :otio:s i:ttc:cucs ct ccs icccs io:uulccs
sous lcu: io:uc :cgtivc
kccou:i: ccs co::iss:ccs io:ucllcs ou cu
coui:c u|lic ou: io:uulc: ccs |,ot|cscs
u su|ct c'u: tcxtc li:c :cuvc c'u:c
cou:c|c:sio: :ccisc cc tcxtcs lo:gs ou
coulcxcs
Niveau
.
+
!
!
1
!-
sc cisti:guic:t s,stcutiqucuc:t ccs tc|cs co::cso:c:t ccs :ivcux
i:ic:icu:s ou suc:icu:s l ciiiicultc suoscc ccs tc|cs :cscctivcs c:suitc
ctc vliccc cui:iqucuc:t su: |sc ccs c:io:u:ccs :clisccs : lcs clcvcs
ccs ,s :tici:ts
lcs tc|cs cui:ist:ccs lo:s cc l`cvlutio: cc l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cu
c,clc llA !000 v:ic:t g::ccuc:t c: io:ctio: cu t,c cc tcxtc, cc situtio:
ct c`cxigc:cc ;voi: lc c|it:c 1, i:si qu`c: io:ctio: cu ccg:c cc ciiiicultc
l iigu:c !! uo:t:c ccs cxculcs cìtcus :ovc::t cc t:ois ccs !o u:itcs
co:tc::t ccs tc|cs qui o:t ctc cui:ist:ccs lo:s cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000
ct i:ciquc lcs couctc:ccs c: lcctu:c qui , so:t ssociccs ct quc lcs clcvcs
coivc:t uctt:c c: ouv:c ux civc:s :ivcux ccs t:ois cc|cllcs cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it lcs ccsc:itio:s cxliquc:t lcs couctc:ccs cvluccs : c|quc
itcu ct c:ucttc:t cc cc::c: l guuc cc :occssus ccu:ccs ux clcvcs
ct lcs couctc:ccs quìls coivc:t cxloitc: ux civc:s cc|clo:s ccs cc|cllcs
cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it u: |cu lus coulct c`cxculcs cc tc|cs so:t
ciso:i|lcs su: .oc..1c.
ll :csso:t l lcctu:c uùc suc:iicicllc cc l iigu:c !! quc lcs tc|cs
co::cso:c:t u :ivcu i:ic:icu: ccs cc|cllcs :cquic:c:t ccs couctc:ccs t:cs
ciiic:c:tcs cc ccllcs situccs u :ivcu suc:icu: ccs cc|cllcs, couuc :cvu
l`:l,sc lus :oio:cic cc l guuc ccs tc|cs ssociccs ux civc:s :ivcux
ccs cc|cllcs cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it c:uct cc cc::c: u: g:ouc o:co::c
cc st:tcgics ct cc couctc:ccs c: utic:c c`cl|o:tio: cc co::iss:ccs
Ai:si, toutcs lcs tc|cs cc l`cc|cllc kct:ouvc: cc lì:io:utio: ccu:cc:t
ux clcvcs cc loclisc: ccs i:io:utio:s qui iigu:c:t c:s u: tcxtc ou c:s
u: ut:c t,c c`cc:it lcs tc|cs lcs lus siulcs cc ccttc cc|cllc i:vitc:t lcs
clcvcs loclisc: su: |sc cù: c:itc:c u:iquc ccs i:io:utio:s cxlicitcuc:t
uc:tio::ccs c:s u: tcxtc qui co:tic:t cu ou s cùt:cs i:io:utio:s
lc /a./c //tcc at
ba ac /|o/ c./cllc
ac .on|c/cr/or ac
lc.|// oll/.//cr/
lt//l/a//or a/|c./c c/
l///c|alc at /cx/c
l:cc:c !1 comment iire ia igure 2.2
Iout couuc lcs clcvcs cuvc:t sc voi: tt:i|uc: u: sco:c cc c:io:u:cc su: c|cu:c ccs cc|cllcs
llA, lcs tc|cs cuvc:t `t:c loclisccs su: ccs cc|cllcs c: io:ctio: cc lcu: ciiiicultc lcs :csultts
so:t tt:i|ucs ux clcvcs c: io:ctio: cc lcu:s c:io:u:ccs ux c:cuvcs c`cvlutio:, lo:s quc l
ciiiicultc ccs tc|cs cst cccuitc ccs c:io:u:ccs uxqucllcs cllcs co::c:t licu c:s tous lcs ,s
A tit:c c`cxculc, cito:s l qucstio: 1! cc lù:itc cc lcctu:c c.o.. :csc:tcc l iigu:c !! lc
ccg:c cc ciiiicultc t|co:iquc cc ccttc qucstio: ou il cst ccu:cc ux clcvcs cc cou:c: ccs oi:io:s
cx:iuccs c:s ccux tcxtcs cou:ts lcu:s :o:cs oi:ts cc vuc ct ttituccs, co::cso:c u: sco:c
cc +1 oi:ts : ttc:c ccs clcvcs co:t lc sco:c co::cso:c +1 oi:ts su: l`cc|cllc quìls uissc:t
uc:c: |ic: toutc tc|c co:t l ciiiicultc :`cst s suc:icu:c cc oi:t cc l`cc|cllc cl :c sig:iiic
s ou: ut:t quc tous lcs clcvcs ,:t o|tc:u u: sco:c cgl ou suc:icu: +1 oi:ts :co:c:o:t
co::cctcuc:t ccttc qucstio:, :i quc tous ccux co:t lc sco:c cst i:ic:icu: +1 oi:ts , :co:c:o:t
+0
ul, :i uùc quc tous lcs clcvcs co:t lc sco:c cst cgl +1 :co:c:o:t co::cctcuc:t tous lcs itcus
sc situ:t u: oi:t i:ic:icu: su: l`cc|cllc ct i:co::cctcuc:t tous lcs itcus cù:c ciiiicultc t|co:iquc
suc:icu:c l ciiiicultc ccs tc|cs cst ct|lic cc so:tc quc lcs clcvcs sc situ:t u uùc :ivcu su:
l`cc|cllc quc l ciiiicultc cù: itcu co::c o:t u:c :o||ilitc co::uc
!
c`, :co:c:c co::cctcuc:t lcs
clcvcs co:t lc sco:c cst suc:icu:i:ic:icu: +1 oi:ts o:t cv:tgcuoi:s cc c|:ccs cc :co:c:c
co::cctcuc:t lìtcu citc c: cxculc ;ct ux ut:cs itcus siuili:cs,
lcs :co:scs ccs clcvcs cc:ti:cs qucstio:s :co:sc ouvc:tc cuvc:t `t:c :ticllcuc:t co::cctcs,
cc qui co::cso:c u: :csultt i:ic:icu: su: l`cc|cllc cc couctc:cc quc cclui cù:c :co:sc tout
iit co::cctc
GK+III1I
c |ous cc :gc c: vo,:t quc lc uu: cc l'ccolc
ctc :ctto,c ct :cci:t ou: l qut:icuc iois
co:sccutivc ou: ciicc: ccs g:iiiti l
c:ctivitc cst cui:|lc, uis lcs gc:s ccv:ic:t
t:ouvc: lc uo,c: cc s'cx:iuc: s:s i:iligc:
ccs couts sulcuc:ti:cs l socictc
lou:quoi tc:czvous tc::i: l :cuttio: ccs
|cu:cs c: cig::t ccs g:iiiti l ou c'cst
i:tc:cit lcs :tistcs :oicssio::cls
:'cc:oc|c:t ou:t:t s lcu:s t|lcux c:s
l :uc : lls c|c:c|c:t lutt o|tc:i: ccs
su|vc:tio:s ct sc io:t co::it:c t:vc:s ccs
cxositio:s lcglcs
A uo: sc:s, lcs |tiuc:ts, lcs lissccs ct lcs
|:cs u|lics so:t cuxuùcs cc| ccs ouv:cs
c':t 'cst v:iuc:t ito,|lc cc gc|c: ccttc
:c|itcctu:c : ccs g:iiiti ct, cc lus, l
uct|occ utiliscc cct:uit l couc|c c'ozo:c
V:iuc:t, |c :c cou:c:cs s ou:quoi ccs
:tistcs c:iui:cls :c::c:t t:t cc ci:c, lo:s
quc lcu:s ouv:cs c':t so:t, c|quc iois,
siulcuc:t tccs cc l vuc
lclg
: :' s :c:c:c coutc cc scs gouts :ot:c
socictc cst c:v|ic : l couuu:ictio: ct l
u|licitc logos c'c:t:c:iscs, :ous cc |outiqucs
luuc:scs iiic|cs s'iuos:t :tout c:s lcs :ucs
o:tcllcs ccct|lcs ui, ou: l lu:t lcs
g:iiiti so:tils ccct|lcs c:ti:s cisc:t quc
oui, c'ut:cs cisc:t quc :o:
Qui ic lc :ix ccs g:iiiti Qui, c: ii: cc coutc,
ic lc :ix cc l u|licitc lo::c qucstio: lc
co:souutcu:
lcs gc:s qui o:t lcc ccs ::cux u|liciti:cs
vous o:tils ccu:cc l c:uissio: :o: lcs
utcu:s ccs g:iiiti ccv:ic:tils lc ii:c, c:s cc
cs :'cstcc s siulcuc:t u:c qucstio: cc
couuu:ictio: vot:c :o:c :ou, lcs :ous cc
|:ccs ct cc g::ccs ouv:cs c':t c:s l :uc
lc:scz ux v`tcuc:ts :,u:cs ct c::cux qui
o:t iit lcu: :itio: c:s lcs ugsi:s il ,
quclqucs ::ccs lt ux cquicuc:ts cc s|i lcs
uotiis ct lcs to:s o:t souvc:t ctc cu:u:tcs tout
c:oit ccs uu:s cc |cto: ilcu:is ll cst sscz uus:t
cc co:sttc: quc ccs uotiis ct ccs to:s so:t ccctcs
ct cui:cs, uis quc lcs g:iiiti cu uùc st,lc so:t
co:sicc:cs couuc |oui:|lcs
lcs tcus so:t cu:s ou: l':t
o|i
l:qurc 2.2
lxculcs c'itcus cc lcctu:c cui:ist:cs c:s llA
t. 1.o !... c .. 1.o.. o. i... . .c.... !. .o.. (1. ..o.. co 1. .....c .o... .!!.o!..
o. !. o. . 1o 1oo.. .1.c.) r.....co o .. !... co. ..c1.. oo o..c o.o.
+1
.
+
!
!
1
o!o
..!
+0
+0
!!.
00
.
+
!
!
1
.
+
!
!
1
NIVIAu
Retrouver de
iìnormation
Interprter
ie tete
NIVIAu
Richir sur ie
contenu du tete
NIVIAu
OU$TtON 11
cr+tti1i
lc |ut cc ccs ccux lctt:cs cst
A D'cxliquc: cc quc so:t lcs g:iiiti
l Dc :csc:tc: u:c oi:io: su:
lcs g:iiiti
Dc ccuo:t:c: l oul:itc
ccs g:iiiti
D Dc ii:c svoi: ux gc:s cc quc
ccl coutc c'ciicc: lcs g:iiiti
OU$TtON 14
cr+tti1i
: cut :lc: cc cc quc cit u:c lctt:c
;so: co:tc:u,
: cut :lc: cc l io: co:t u:c lctt:c
cst cc:itc ;so: st,lc,
l: iis:t |st:ctio: cc vot:c :o:c oi:io:,
qui cc:it l ucillcu:c lctt:c, c':cs vous
ustiiicz vot:c :co:sc c: vous :cic::t l
io: co:t l lctt:c c|oisic cst cc:itc ;ou l
io: co:t so:t cc:itcs lcs ccux lctt:cs,
cc1. : ;+!1,
l Dc :csc:tc: u:c oi:io: su:
lcs g:iiiti
cc1. : ;.1,
kco:scs qui cxliquc:t l'oi:io:
c: iis:t :cic:c:cc u st,lc ou l
io:uc c'u:c ccs lctt:cs, ou ccs
ccux c :cic:c:t ccs c:itc:cs tcls
quc l qulitc cu st,lc, l
st:uctu:tio: ccs :guuc:ts, lcu:
io:cc, lc to: ou lc :cgist:c utiliscs,
lcs st:tcgics uiscs c: ouv:c ou:
c:succ: lc lcctcu: Dcs
cx:cssio:s couuc ucillcu:s
:guuc:ts coivc:t `t:c |ustiiiccs
c.. o.|. 1.o1. oo .!..
1'.o!o.. !'|o/.!.. 1. oo.o. 1.
!... . .co.o 1.o .co. ..
.o.o 1. .o.. t. .!.. 1c..
'oo,.. o. .. o'.! o. .c...o
o /c ,!. 1'....o..
c.. o.|. 1.o1. oo .!.. 1.
.co... !. ... .c. 1o !.
1.o .co. .. o.. !.o. .c.. c.
1. o. . o.o1. o 1.o1. oo.
oo .!.. 1. o... ..o. 1'o.
.c..|..c 1'../!. 1'oo c.
o. 1. 1.o !...
c.. o.|. 1.o1. oo .!..
1'.1..... .. o. !. 1.o !... c
. .co . .co.o !'.1..
....o!. 1o .|o.o. 1'.!!.
OU$TtON 12
cr+tti1i
lou:quoi o|ic cvoquctcllc l
u|licitc
cc1. : ;.+!,
kco:scs qui icc:tiiic:t l
cou:iso: iitc c:t:c lcs g:iiiti ct
l u|licitc ct qui so:t couti|lcs
vcc l'iccc quc l u|licitc cst u:c
io:uc lcglc cc g:iiiti
ou
kco:scs qui uc:tio::c:t lc iit quc
l :cic:c:cc l u|licitc cst u:c
st:tcgic ou: ccic:c:c lcs g:iiiti
OU$TtON 13
cr+tti1i
Avcc lqucllc ccs ccux lctt:cs
`tcsvous c'cco:c ustiiicz vot:c
:co:sc c: utilis:t vos :o:cs uots
ou: cvoquc: cc qui cst cit c:s l
lctt:c c|oisic, ou c:s lcs ccux lctt:cs
cc1. : ;+1,
kco:scs qui cxliquc:t l'vis cc l'clcvc
c: sc :cic::t u co:tc:u c'u:c lctt:c,
ou ccs ccux l :co:sc iit :cic:c:cc
l ositio: gc:c:lc cc l'utcu:
visvis ccs g:iiiti ;c'cstci:c, ou:
ou co:t:c,, ou u: cctil cc so:
:guuc:ttio: l'i:tc::cttio: cu
oi:t cc vuc cc l'utcu: coit `t:c
lusi|lc l'cxlictio: cut voi: l
io:uc c'u:c :|:sc c'u:c :tic
cu tcxtc, uis :c cut s `t:c l coic
littc:lc c'u: ssgc c:tic: ou :csquc
c:tic:, s:s uociiictio: ucu:c
c.. o.|. .c.. o ..... o !..
...c.! ... !. 1.o |.c..
.c.. 1o !. ..
cuils, |scs su: lk ~ 0o! ;voi: c:cc:c !1, :co... llADl, !001
A
u
c
c
s
s
o
u
s

c
u

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i
v
c
u

1
A
u
c
c
s
s
o
u
s

c
u

:
i
v
c
u

1
A
u
c
c
s
s
o
u
s

c
u

:
i
v
c
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1
+!
1O1UL+1ION +c1I1L
lc cig:uuc c: :|:c ciccssous :csc:tc l st:uctu:c cc l oultio: ctivc c'u: ,s, c'cstci:c s
oultio: c: gc cc t:villc: l: 1--., l oultio: totlc cc cc ,s ctit c'c:vi:o: !+ uillio:s
c'||it:ts
Ia structure de ia popuiation active au 11 mars 199s ;x 1 000,
1
l:qurc 2.2 (u:'c)
1 lc :ou|:c cc c:so::cs cst cx:iuc c: uillic:s ;x 1 000,
! l oultio: c: gc cc t:villc: cst ccii:ic couuc l'c:scu|lc ccs c:so::cs gccs cc 1. o. :s
! lcs c:so::cs qui :c so:t s su: lc u:c|c cu t:vil so:t ccllcs qui :c so:t s ctivcuc:t l :cc|c:c|c c'u: culoi ou :c so:t s
ciso:i|lcs ou: t:villc:
:c. 1. .o1o..c l tc:ui:ologic utiliscc c:s lc g:|iquc co::cso:c ux tc:ucs st:c:cs utiliscs : l'Dl Vcuillcz utilisc:, si ossi|lc,
lcs tc:ucs utiliscs c:s vot:c l:ggc
:co... D \illc:, tc. o i.cc.., lA lu|lictio:s, lox -+.!, :cwu:|ct, Auc|l:c, :ouvcllcZcl:cc, o+
u.!... !. .c.o.c o. !o co!o.c o... 1'o o, co. ..c1.. oo o..c o.o.
loultio: c: gc
cc t:villc:
!
!o.o.
:c so:t s su:
lc u:c|c cu t:vil
!
-+-- !.
o:t su: lc u:c|c
cu t:vil
10o. o+!
Icus lci:
1!!1 +
Actiis occucs
1.+ -!.
|ucu:s
1!1 .
Icus :ticl
!+1! !1o
A l :cc|c:c|c
c'u: culoi
tcus lci:
101o -!
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c'u: culoi
tcus lci:
!11 -!!
A l :cc|c:c|c
c'u: culoi
tcus :ticl
!o. !0
A l :cc|c:c|c
c'u: culoi
tcus lci:
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NIVIAu
Retrouver de
iìnormation
Richir sur ie
contenu du tete
NIVIAu
Interprter
ie tete
NIVIAu
cc1. 2 ;!,
. |o::cs :co:scs ;cscs coc|ccs,
c.. o.|. ..o... 1. .!.. o'.! oo!,.
. o. .c...c1.. !o..o. .o 1.... oo
.o.c... 1. !o co!o.c o... o!c. o.
...o. .!.. 1'.c.o.c . .co.
1o !o c. 1. /o 1. o. . . c 1c. o
..1.o.. ../!.
OU$TtON 16
totut+1io: +c1ii
ou|ic: cc c:so::cs c: gc cc
t:villc: :c so:t s su: lc u:c|c
cu t:vil
;i:ciquc: lc :ou|:c cc
c:so::cs, :o: lc ou:cc:tgc,
cc1. 2 ;o!1,
kco:scs uo:t::t quc l'clcvc
i:tcg:c l iois lc c|iii:c co::c :
lc cig:uuc c: :|:c lI l uc:tio:
x 1 000 iou::ic : lc tit:c ct
l :otc cc |s cc gc
;:co:sc -+- -00,
lcs :co:scs :oc|ccs c:t:c
-+- 000 ct -.0 000 ;c: uots ou c:
c|iii:cs, cuvc:t ussi `t:c ccctccs
Accctc: cglcuc:t lcs :co:scs
-00 000 ou u: uillio: si cllcs
so:t ccoug:ccs c'u:c i:cictio:
su: lcu: c:ctc:c :oxiutii
c.. o.|. ..o... o. !'.!.. !c.o!..
!o 1c.. o...o. .c..... 1o o
1.o.o. . o./.. . .... o oo..
.!.. 1'.c.o.c .c.o 1o
o. c. 1. /o 1. o.
cc1. : ;+,
D lcs c:so::cs su: lc u:c|c cu
t:vil ct ccllcs qui :c so:t s su: lc
u:c|c cu t:vil
OU$TtON 1S
totut+1io: +c1ii
Qucls so:t lcs ccux g:oucs :i:ciux c:t:c lcsqucls
sc :c:tit l oultio: c: gc cc t:villc:
A lcs t:villcu:s ct lcs c|ucu:s
l lcs c:so::cs c: gc cc t:villc: ct ccllcs
qui :c so:t s c: gc cc t:villc:
lcs t:villcu:s tcus lci: ct lcs
t:villcu:s tcus :ticl
D lcs c:so::cs su: lc u:c|c cu t:vil ct
ccllcs qui :c so:t s su: lc u:c|c cu t:vil
c.. o.|. 1.o1. oo .!.. 1. .c..1..
!o ..!o.c ..o ... !. .c.o.c
..... 1o o 1.o.o. . o./..
c.. o.|. ..o... o. !'.!.. !c.o!..
!o 1c.. o...o. .c..... 1o o
1.o.o. . o./.. + .. ..oo,
!'.!.. 1'.c.o.c .c.o 1o
!o c. 1. /o 1. o. '. o o.!..
cc1. : ;+.,
kco:scs uo:t::t quc lc c|iii:c
co::c : lc cig:uuc c: :|:c
ctc loclisc, uis quc l uc:tio:
x 1 000 iou::ic : lc tit:c
ct l :otc cc |s cc gc :' s ctc
i:tcg:cc ;:co:sc -+--, c: c|iii:c
ou c: uots,
Accctc: lcs :co:scs
:oxiutivcs cu t,c cc ccllcs
illust:ccs ou: lc cocc !
cc1. : ;+!,
! ou + :co:scs co::cctcs
c.. o.|. ..o... 1. .!.. o'.! oo!,.
. o. .c...c1.. !o..o. .o 1....
oo .o.c... 1. !o co!o.c o... o!c.
o. ...o. .!.. 1'.c.o.c . .co.
1o !o c. 1. /o 1. o. . . c 1c.
o ..1.o.. ../!.
OU$TtON 19
totut+1io: +c1ii
l'i:io:utio: su: l oultio: ctivc
cst :csc:tcc sous io:uc cc
cig:uuc c: :|:c, uis cllc u:it
u `t:c :csc:tcc cc |ic: c'ut:cs
u:ic:cs, : cxculc u:c
ccsc:itio: cc:itc, u: cig:uuc c:
cucu|c:t , u: g:|iquc ou u:
t|lcu
lc cig:uuc c: :|:c
v:iscu|l|lcuc:t ctc c|oisi :cc
qu'il cst :ticulic:cuc:t utilc ou:
:csc:tc:
A l'cvolutio: c:s lc tcus
l l tillc cc l oultio: totlc
cu ,s
lcs ctcgo:ics u sci: cc
c|quc g:ouc
D l tillc cc c|cu: ccs g:oucs
cc1. : ;+o,
lcs ctcgo:ics u sci: cc
c|quc g:ouc
c.. o.|. 1.o1. oo .!..
1'.o!o.. !. .o.o.....o. 1'o
1.o.o. . o./.. o. 1. ...co..
o. o .o.o.. . o.c.... co.
c... 1. .o.c... o !'.....o. 1.
.co.
OU$TtON 18
totut+1io: +c1ii
uoscz quc ccs i:io:utio:s su: l
st:uctu:c cc l oultio: ctivc soic:t
:csc:tccs c|quc ::cc c:s u:
cig:uuc couuc cclui cc cct cxc:cicc
lc t|lcu ciccssous :csc:tc qut:c
co::ccs iigu::t c:s lc cig:uuc
lcuto: s'ttc:c:c cc quc ccs
co::ccs c|:gc:t c'u:c ::cc
l'ut:c kco:ccz c: c:tou::t
|:gc:o:t ou :c c|:gc:o:t
s ou: c|cu:c ccs qut:c
co::ccs
cc1. : ;++.,
! :co:scs co::cctcs
c.. o.|. ..o... 1. .!.. o'.!
. /o. o. !o c.. . !. .c.o
1'o 1.o.o. . o./.. o. !o
co!o.c o... co. 1..o.. ...
1. o..o/!. . 1. 1c..
.o.o..!!.
OU$TtON 1
totut+1io: +c1ii
A qucllc ctcgo:ic cu cig:uuc c: :|:c
:tic::c:t lcs c:so::cs suiv:tcs, ou: ut:t
qu'il , it u:c ctcgo:ic qui co:vic::c
l:ciqucz vot:c :co:sc c: iis:t u:c c:oix c:s
l csc :o:icc cu t|lcu
l :cuic:c c:oix ctc iitc vot:c lcc, tit:c
c'cxculc ;csc :ougc,
:c so:t s
su: lc u:c|c
cu t:vil
u: lc u:c|c
cu t:vil
ctiis occucs
u: lc u:c|c
cu t:vil
c|ucu:s
:'cst cou:is
c:s ucu:c
ctcgo:ic
u: sc:vcu: ui
tcus, gc cc !. :s
u:c icuuc c'iii:cs
cc +! :s qui t:villc
o0 | : scui:c
u: ctuci:t lci:
tcus, gc cc !1 :s
u: |ouuc, gc cc
! :s, qui cccc so:
couuc:cc :cccuuc:t
ct qui c|c:c|ccut:vil
u:c icuuc cc .. :s
qui :' |uis t:villc
:i voulu t:villc: c:
cc|o:s cc so: uc:gc
u:c g::cuc:c gcc cc
0:s qui t:villcc:co:c
quclqucs |cu:cs : |ou:
su: lc st:cquc l iuillc
tic:t u u:c|c
Donnes du diagramme Rponses
lcs i:titulcs cc c|quc ccllulc :c c|:gc:o:t
;cx so:t su: lc u:c|c cu t:vil , s
lcs ou:cc:tgcs ;cx o+,! , |:gc:o:t
lcs c|iii:cs ;cx !o.o,. , |:gc:o:t
lcs :otcs u |s cu cig:uuc :c c|:gc:o:t
c: :|:c s
A
u
c
c
s
s
o
u
s

c
u

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v
c
u

1
A
u
c
c
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c
c
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++
,ESARMESSCIENTIFIQUESDELAPOLICE
r.....co o !'o...!. co. ..c1.. oo o..c
:ci:c cc ccs c|cvcux ct
quclqucs ccllulcs cu s:g cu
suscct l: ciict, c:s lc :o,u
cc c|cu:c ccs ccllulcs cc :ot:c
co:s, o: t:ouvc l'AD: Dc quoi
s'gitil ct AD: :csscu|lc
u: collic: to:scc, io:uc cc
ccux ::gccs cc c:lcs
kc:csc:tczvous ccs sc:ics cc
lusicu:s uillic:s cc c:lcs
colo:ccs ;io:u:t c|quc iois
u: gc:c, cs cscccs cc c:lcs
so:t cc qut:c coulcu:s
ciiic:c:tcs ct so:t c:iilccs c:s
u: o:c:c |ic: :ccis lt l'o:c:c
cst cxctcuc:t lc uùc c:s
toutcs lcs ccllulcs cu co:s c'u:
i:civicu, ccllcs cc l :ci:c ccs
c|cvcux couuc ccllcs cu g:os
o:tcil, ccllcs cu ioic couuc
ccllcs cc l'cstouc ou cu s:g
\is c'u:c c:so::c l'ut:c,
l'o:c:c ccs c:lcs v:ic Vu lc
:ou|:c cc c:lcs qui so:t i:si
c:iilccs, il , t:cs cu cc c|:cc
quc ccux c:so::cs ossccc:t
lc uùc AD:, l'cxcctio: ccs
v:is |uucux u:iquc ou:
c|quc i:civicu, l'AD: cst co:c
|ic: u:c so:tc cc c:tc c'icc:titc
gc:ctiquc
lcs gc:cticic:s vo:t co:c
cou:c: l c:tc c'icc:titc
gc:ctiquc cu suscct ;t:ouvcc
g:cc so: s:g, ct ccllc cc l
c:so::c ux c|cvcux :oux 'il
s'git cc l uùc c:tc
gc:ctiquc, o: su: quc lc
'NQUOI
l'AD: cst io:uc c'u:
g::c :ou|:c cc gc:cs,
cuxuùcs co:stitucs cc
uillic:s cc c:lcs
l'c:scu|lc ccs gc:cs
:c:csc:tc l c:tc c'icc:titc
gc:ctiquc c'u:c c:so::c
\ic:oscoc c:s
u: l|o:toi:c
cc l olicc
suscct |ic: :oc|c l victiuc
qu'il cit :c |uis voi: :c:co:t:cc
seuiement un iment de
preuve
D:s lcs cs c'g:cssio:s scxucllcs,
cc ucu:t:cs, cc vols ou c'ut:cs
iii:cs c:co:c, l olicc iit cc
lus c: lus souvc:t ii:c ccs
:l,scs gc:ctiqucs lou:quoi
lou: tc:tc: cc t:ouvc: ccs :cuvcs
c'u: co:tct c:t:c ccux
c:so::cs, c:t:c ccux o||cts, ou
u:c c:so::c ct u: o||ct
Ao:tc: l :cuvc c'u: tcl co:tct
cst souvc:t |ic: utilc ou:
l'c:qu`tc \is cc :'cst s
:cccssi:cuc:t l :cuvc c'u:
c:iuc ll s'git |ustc c'u: clcuc:t
cc :cuvc :ui |cucou c'ut:cs
clcuc:ts
+. ..o.!!.
.OUSSOMMES
CONSTITUSDEMILLIARDS
DECELLULES
|quc `t:c viv:t cst co:tituc
c'u:c qu:titc cc ccllulcs u:c
ccllulc cst v:iuc:t cc ctitc
tillc : cut ussi ci:c qu'cllc
cst uic:oscoiquc c: o: :c
cut l voi: qu'vcc u:
uic:oscoc qui l g:ossit
lusicu:s iois |quc ccllulc
cst co:stitucc c'u:c
ucu|::c cxtc:icu:c ct c'u:
:o,u c:s lcqucl sc t:ouvc
l'AD:
u: lcs licux cu c:iuc, lcs
c:qu`tcu:s o:t :clcvc tous lcs
i:ciccs ossi|lcs ct iugi:|lcs
iils cc tissus, c|cvcux, t:ccs cc
coigts, ucgots cc cig:cttc
lcs quclqucs c|cvcux t:ouvcs
su: l vcstc cc l victiuc so:t
:oux lt ils :csscu|lc:t
ct::gcuc:t ccux cu suscct
i l'o: ouvit ccuo:t:c: quc
ccs c|cvcux so:t |ic: lcs sic:s,
o: u:it l :cuvc qu'il |ic:
:c:co:t:c l victiuc
chaque individu est unique
Dcs sccilistcs sc ucttc:t
l'ouv:gc lls cxui:c:t quclqucs
ccllulcs qui sc t:ouvc:t l
Un menrtre o ete
comm:s, mo:s le
snspect n:e tont. Il
ojj:rme ne pos
connotre lo v:ct:me.
Il J:t ne l'ovo:r
omo:s vne, omo:s
opprocnee, omo:s
toncnee... Lo pol:ce
et le nqe sont
convo:ncns qn':l ne
J:t pos lo ver:te.
mo:s comment le
pronver '
#OMMENTTROUVER
CETTECARTEDgIDENTIT
GNTIQUE
lc gc:cticic: :c:c lcs
quclqucs ccllulcs qui sc
t:ouvc:t l |sc ccs
c|cvcux t:ouvcs su: l
victiuc ou c:s l slivc
:cstcc su: u: ucgot cc
cig:cttc ll lcs lo:gc c:s
u: :ocuit qui cct:uit tout
cc qui c:tou:c l'AD: cc
ccs ccllulcs ll iit l uùc
c|osc vcc ccs ccllulcs cu
s:g cu suscct l'AD:
su|it lo:s u:c :c:tio:
sccilc ou: l':l,sc, uis
il cst lcc su: u: gcl
:ticulic: : iit c:suitc
ssc: u: cou::t
clcct:iquc c:s cc gcl
A:cs quclqucs |cu:cs, o:
o|tic:t ccs |:ccs
scu|l|lcs u:c so:tc cc
cocc|::c ;couuc cclui
qui iigu:c su: tous lcs
:ocuits quc l'o: c|ctc,,
visi|lc sous u:c luc
sccilc : cou:c lo:s
lc cocc|::c cc l'AD: cu
suscct ct cclui ccs c|cvcux
t:ouvcs su: l victiuc
l:qurc 2.2 (u:'c)
+.
.
+
!
!
1
.
+
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1
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+
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Interprter
ie tete
NIVIAu
:co... llADl, !001 cuils, |scs su: lk ~ 0o! ;voi: c:cc:c !1,
NIVIAu
Retrouver de
iìnormation
Richir sur ie
contenu du tete
NIVIAu
c.. o.|. 1.o1. oo .!.. 1'.....
!'.c.o.c .c.o 1. 1.... o.o.o|.
1. o,c o .1..... !'.1.. ....o!. 1'o o...!.
1'o oo... .....o. co. !. .o.
OU$TtON 22
ti: +rMi: :cii:1itiui: i t+ totici
lou: cxliquc: l st:uctu:c cc l'AD:,
l'utcu: :lc c'u: collic: cc c:lcs
ouuc:t ccs collic:s cc c:lcs v:ic:t
ils c'u: i:civicu u: ut:c
A lls v:ic:t c: lo:gucu:
l l'o:c:c ccs c:lcs cst ciiic:c:t
lc :ou|:c cc collic:s cst ciiic:c:t
D l coulcu: ccs c:lcs cst ciiic:c:tc
cc1. : ;.1.,
l l'o:c:c ccs c:lcs cst ciiic:c:t
OU$TtON 2S
l cc::ic:c |:sc cc l'i:t:ocuctio: ;ii: cu
:cuic: c:cc:c g:is, cst \is couuc:t lc
:ouvc:
D':cs l':ticlc, couuc:t lcs c:qu`tcu:s
cssic:tils cc t:ouvc: u:c :co:sc ccttc
qucstio:
A l: i:tc::ogc:t ccs tcuoi:s
l l: iis:t ccs :l,scs gc:ctiqucs
l: i:tc::ogc:t io:c lc suscct
D l: ctuci:t cc :ouvcu tous lcs :csultts
cc l'c:qu`tc
cc1. : ;+0!,
l l: iis:t ccs :l,scs gc:ctiqucs
c.. o.|. ..o... 1. .!.. o'.! !c.o!..
o. .c.o.c 1o !'o...!. 1'o oo...
.....o. co. !. .o. . .cco o.
.o.o!... oo .c.o.c .c.o1..c...
.c.. 1o !. ..
OU$TtON 23
A quoi sc:t l'c:cc:c co:t lc tit:c cst
ouuc:t t:ouvc: ccttc c:tc c'icc:titc
gc:ctiquc
ll sc:t cxliquc:
A c qu'cst l'AD:
l c qu'cst u: cocc|::c
ouuc:t o: :l,sc ccs ccllulcs ou:
t:ouvc: l st:uctu:c cc l'AD:
D ouuc:t o: cut :ouvc: qu'u: c:iuc
ctc couuis
cc1. : ;.1,
ouuc:t o: :l,sc ccs ccllulcs ou:
t:ouvc: l st:uctu:c cc l'AD:
OU$TtON 24
Qucl cst lc |ut :i:cil cc l'utcu:
A Alc:tc:
l Auusc:
l:io:uc:
D o:vi:c:c
cc1. : ;+0o,
l:io:uc:
c.. o.|. 1.o1. oo .!.. 1'.1..... !.
/o ....o! 1. !'oo.o. 1'o o...!. 1'o
oo... .....o. co. !. .o.
c.. o.|. 1.o1. oo .!.. 1'.1..... .. o.
..o. 1. o,c o.c.... o o.o.o|.
.!o.... .1.... 1o o o...!. 1'o oo...
.....o. co. !. .o. . ...o
!'.c.o.c .c.o 1. !o..o. |.o. .
.c.o.c .c.o1..c... c .cc..
A
u
c
c
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c
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l: co:t:stc, lcs tc|cs lcs lus ciiiicilcs cc ccttc cc|cllc lcu: ccu:cc:t cc
loclisc: ct cc clssc: cc :ou|:cux i:guc:ts cì:io:utio: :oio:ccuc:t
c:iouis c:s lc tcxtc, :iois su: |sc cc c:itc:cs uultilcs ll cst i:cquc:t quc lc
tcxtc co:tic::c cùt:cs i:io:utio:s qui :tgc:t cc:ti:cs ccs c:ctc:isti
qucs ccs i:io:utio:s ccu:cccs c:s l qucstio: Dc uùc, lcs tc|cs situccs
u :ivcu i:ic:icu: cc l`cc|cllc cì:tc::cttio: ct cc l`cc|cllc cc :cilcxio:
ciiic:c:t cc ccllcs ssociccs u :ivcu suc:icu: cc ccs cc|cllcs lusicu:s
cg:cs lc :occssus sollicitc ou: , :co:c:c co::cctcuc:t, l ucsu:c c:s
lqucllc lcs st:tcgics cc lcctu:c :cquiscs ou: io:uulc: u:c :co:sc co::cctc
so:t sig:lccs c:s l qucstio: ou c:s lcs co:sig:cs, l coulcxitc cu tcxtc ct
so: c:ctc:c iuilic: ou :o: ct lc :ou|:c cì:io:utio:s co:cu::c:tcs ou cc
cist:ctcu:s :csc:ts c:s lc tcxtc
lc cc:c co:cctucl ccii:iss:t l`cvlutio: cc l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cu
llA cst cxosc c:s M.o... !. .co.o.. . .c.... 1. .!.. u co.oo
.o1.. 1.o!oo.c ;Dl, 1---o,
0OURCENTAGEDLVESCHAQUENIVEAUDECOMPTENCEDELCHELLE
DECOMPRHENSIONDELCRIT
lou: ccc:i:c lcs couctc:ccs ccs clcvcs c: io:ctio: ccs ci:q :ivcux cc couctc:cc
c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, o: cut soit i:ciquc: l :oo:tio: c`clcvcs qui
ttcig:c:t u: cc:ti: :ivcu, soit cctc:ui:c: lc ou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs situcs oo ..o
u: :ivcu ;couuc ux t|lcux !1c,, c`cstci:c lc :ivcu cc couctc:cc
lc lus clcvc quìls so:t c|lcs c`ttci:c:c : il :`cst guc:c i:st:uctii cc svoi:
quc lcs clcvcs situcs :cciscuc:t u :ivcu ! so:t 10 ou: cc:t c:s u: ,s ct
!0 ou: cc:t c:s u: ut:c, si l :oo:tio: c`clcvcs sc situ:t ux ut:cs :ivcux
cst i:co::uc l: :cv:c|c, il cst utilc cc co::it:c l :oo:tio: c`clcvcs ,:t
oo ..o ttci:t u: :ivcu :ticulic: c: cllc :c:csc:tc l :oo:tio: c`clcvcs
c|lcs cc ii:c icc cc:ti:cs cxigc:ccs cc l vic quoticic::c ct :oicssio::cllc
Ioutciois, lus v:t c:s lc :csc:t :o:t ct illcu:s, lcs tt:i|uts cc g:oucs
c`clcvcs co:t lcs c:io:u:ccs co::cso:cc:t u: :ivcu co::c cuvc:t `t:c
utilcs ii: c`:c|c:cc: lcs liuitcs cc lcu: couctc:cc
l iigu:c !! :csc:tc lc :oiil glo|l cc couctc:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc
cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ;voi: cglcuc:t lc t|lcu !1, l lo:gucu: ccs
|::cs i:ciquc lc ou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs ou: c|quc :ivcu cc couctc:cc
Niveau de comptence 5 resoltat soperieor a 2' points}
lcs clcvcs ,:t ttci:t lc :ivcu cc couctc:cc . su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc l
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it so:t c|lcs cc uc:c: |ic: ccs tc|cs cc lcctu:c
coulcxcs, :otuuc:t t:itc: ccs i:io:utio:s ciiiicilcs t:ouvc: c:s ccs
tcxtcs qui :c so:t s iuilic:s, cou:c:c:c cc u:ic:c :oio:cic ccs tcxtcs
cc cc t,c ct c: ccggc: lcs i:io:utio:s c:ti:c:tcs ou: l tc|c ccouli:,
:occcc: ccs cvlutio:s c:itiqucs ct cl|o:c: ccs |,ot|cscs, ii:c cl
ccs co::iss:ccs sccilisccs ct :ccou:i: ccs :otio:s qui cuvc:t `t:c
i:ttc:cucs l iigu:c !1 iou::it u:c ccsc:itio: lus cctillcc
lc /a./c a/jj/./lc at
/at/ ac lc./cllc cx/qcr/
trc t//l/a//or lt
.onlcxc at /cx/c c/
ac /acc t/ y or/
cx|/ncc
lc |ctl/a/ ot| trc
otla//or ctvcr/ c/|c
cx|/nc cr ot|.cr/aqc
aclcvc c //tar/ a
tr r/vcat aorrc ot
cr ot|.cr/aqc aclcvc
ayar/ at no/r a//c/r/
.c r/vcat
lc clcvc ayar/ a//c/r/
lc r/vcat 5 or/ .aablc
ac ncrc| a b/cr ac
/a./c ac lc./t|c
.onlcxc.
+
lcs clcvcs situcs u :ivcu lc lus clcvc cc l`cc|cllc cc couctc:cc llA
c::ic|i:o:t v:iscu|l|lcuc:t lc :csc:voi: cc tlc:ts cc lcu: ,s l :oo:tio:
ctucllc c`clcvcs cc :ivcu cut ussi i:iluc: su: lùlcu: cc l co:t:i|utio:
ccs ,s l ci:ic:c cc t:villcu:s i:tcllcctucls cc clssc i:tc::tio:lc qui
sc:vi:o:t l`cco:ouic uo:cilc l cou:iso: ccs :oo:tio:s c`clcvcs ,:t
ttci:t lc :ivcu lc lus clcvc cc couctc:cc cst co:c c:ti:c:tc c: soi
D:s l zo:c cou|i:cc cc l`Dl, 10 ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs i:tc::ogcs lo:s cu
c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000 o:t ttci:t lc :ivcu . lls so:t lus cc 1. ou: cc:t
c: Aust:lic, u :c, c: li:l:cc, c: :ouvcllcZcl:cc ct u ko,uucu:i,
1! ou: cc:t u uoi:s c: lclgiquc, ux lttsu:is ct c: l:l:cc, uis . ou: cc:t
.oll/.//ar/ ac
.onc/cr.c t/ or/
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c.oron/c bacc t|
lc avo/|
lc r/vcat 5 |c|ccr/c lt
ac I5 ac clcvc aar
.c|/a/r ay c/ no/r ac
5 aar aat/|c
17
2B
2B
1B
7
2
1B
7
3
33
29
10
1B
B
3
30
27
14
19
2
25
17
9
5
1B
25
2
19
9
3
1
24
27
20
9
4
11
2
30
20
9
3
12
2
2
17
11
B
9
25
30
22
10
4
9
25
31
22
11
4
11
24
2B
20
11
B
24
31
22
11
4
12
21
27
21
12
B
22
29
23
12
9
21
2B
21
13
7
4
21
33
2
12
4
7
20
31
25
11
5
19
31
2
14
5
9
19
27
22
13
10
19
2B
24
15
9
5
1B
29
25
1
7
5
17
2B
2
1
9
4
17
27
25
17
10
2
11
25
27
21
14
1
19
30
2B
1
5
19
30
23
15
B
3
13
27
29
1B
9
4
14
25
2
1B
13
1
3
13
2B
33
23
1B
32
29
14
5
2
1
31
39
19
5
100
0
o0
+0
!0
0
!0
+0
o0
0
100
l:qurc 2.3
lou:cc:tgc c'clcvcs c|quc :ivcu cc couctc:cc su: l'cc|cllc cou|i:cc
cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l'cc:it
lou:cc:tgc c'clcvcs
:co... lsc cc co::ccs llA cc l'Dl, !001 I|lcu !1
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Au :ivcu + Au :ivcu . Au :ivcu ! Au :ivcu ! Au :ivcu 1 Auccssous cu :ivcu 1

+
ou uoi:s u l:csil, c: lsg:c, c:s l lccc:tio: cc kussic, c: G:ccc, c:
lctto:ic, u luxcu|ou:g, u \cxiquc ct u lo:tugl ;t|lcu !1,
ll co:vic:t cc g:cc: :csc:t l`cs:it lc iit quc l :oo:tio: c`clcvcs ,:t
ttci:t lc :ivcu . ccc:c :o: sculcuc:t cc l c:io:u:cc glo|lc ccs ,s
c:s lc coui:c cc l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, uis cglcuc:t cc l v:itio:
qui cxistc c:s lcs ,s uùcs c:t:c lcs clcvcs lcs lus ii|lcs ct lcs lus
io:ts i l tc:c:cc gc:c:lc ccs ,s qui coutc:t u: :ou|:c lus clcvc
c`clcvcs u :ivcu . cst c`voi: u:c :oo:tio: lus ii|lc c`clcvcs u :ivcu 1
ou c: cc, cc :`cst s tou|ou:s lc cs c: li:l:cc, ils so:t 1 ou: cc:t
ttci:c:c lc :ivcu . ct uoi:s cc ! ou: cc:t sous lc :ivcu 1 l: lclgiquc ct
ux lttsu:is, : co:t:c, l :oo:tio: c`clcvcs ,:t ttci:t lc :ivcu . cst
clcvcc uis l :oo:tio: c`clcvcs sc situ:t uccssous cu :ivcu 1 l`cst cglc
uc:t ;:cscctivcuc:t ct o ou: cc:t, l: co:t:stc, c: o:cc, u: ,s qui
iiic|c ccs c:io:u:ccs t:cs clcvccs c:s lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio: llA
!000, uoi:s cc o ou: cc:t ttcig:c:t lc :ivcu . ct uoi:s cc 1 ou: cc:t so:t
situcs sous lc :ivcu 1
l`:l,sc ccs t:ois couos:tcs cc l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc
l`cc:it c:uct cò|sc:vc: u:c v:itio: lus g::cc c:co:c, c: :ticulic:
c:s lcs ,s ou l :oo:tio: c`clcvcs u :ivcu . cc l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc
cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cst suc:icu:c l uo,c::c l: li:l:cc, :
cxculc, ils so:t !o ou: cc:t ttci:c:c lc :ivcu . cc l`cc|cllc kct:ouvc:
cc lì:io:utio: ;t|lcu !1|,, uis 1+ ou: cc:t sculcuc:t :vc:i:
u :ivcu . cc l`cc|cllc kcilcc|i: su: lc co:tc:u cu tcxtc ;t|lcu !1c,
;uo,c::c cc l`Dl 11 ou: cc:t, u:c tc:c:cc siuili:c, quoiquc uoi:s
:o:o:ccc, cst o|sc:vcc c: Aust:lic, c: lclgiquc ct c: uccc l: co:t:stc, lc
:c ct lc ko,uucu:i iiic|c:t ccs ou:cc:tgcs lus clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc
kcilcc|i: su: lc co:tc:u cu tcxtc quc su: lcs cc|cllcs kct:ouvc: cc
lì:io:utio: ct Dcvcloc: u:c i:tc::cttio: , cc qui i:ciquc quc lc
:ivcu glo|l clcvc cc ccs ,s s`cxliquc c: :tic : lcs |o:s :csultts ccs
clcvcs c:s lcs tc|cs qui lcu: ccu:cc:t cc s`c:ggc: c:s ccs cvlutio:s
c:itiqucs, cùtilisc: ccs |,ot|cscs ct cc uctt:c lcs tcxtcs c: :cltio: vcc lcu:s
icccs, lcu:s co::iss:ccs ct lcu:s cxc:ic:ccs ;t|lcux !1|, c ct c,
+
l:ui lcs ,s qui :csc:tc:t l lus ii|lc :oo:tio: c`clcvcs u :ivcu . cc l`cc|cllc
cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, iigu:c l G:ccc qui coutc + ou: cc:t sculcuc:t
c`clcvcs u :ivcu . ccs cc|cllcs kct:ouvc: cc lì:io:utio: ct Dcvcloc: u:c
i:tc::cttio: , uis qui iiic|c u:c :oo:tio: t:ois iois lus clcvcc c`clcvcs, soit
1! ou: cc:t ;uo,c::c cc l`Dl 11 ou: cc:t,, u :ivcu . cc l`cc|cllc kcilcc|i:
su: lc co:tc:u cu tcxtc ;t|lcux !1| ct !1c,
Niveau de comptence 4 resoltat conpris entre ''3 et 2' points}
lcs clcvcs ,:t ttci:t lc :ivcu + su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc l cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it so:t c|lcs c`ciicctuc: ccs tc|cs ciiiicilcs cc lcctu:c, :otuuc:t
loclisc: ccs i:io:utio:s c:iouics c:s u: tcxtc, ccggc: cu sc:s cc :u:ccs cc
l:ggc ct cvluc: u: tcxtc cc u:ic:c c:itiquc ;voi: l iigu:c !1 ou: u:c ccs
lc ay oi bcat.ot
aclcvc a//c/qrcr/ lc
r/vcat 5 rc or/ a
/otot| .ctx t/
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ot|.cr/aqc lc lt
ja/blc aclcvc ct
c|jo|nar/
lc ot|.cr/aqc aclcvc
a//c/qrar/ lc r/vcat 5
va|/c clor lc a/jjc|cr/
ac./ ac .on|c/cr/or
ac lc.|//
lc /a./c ac r/vcat +
|c/cr/ .onlcxc c/
a/jj/./lc c/ crv/|or tr
//c| ac /ot lc clcvc
a||/vcr/ a y |cora|c
.o||c./cncr/.
+-
c:itio: lus cctillcc, D:s l zo:c cou|i:cc cc l`Dl, !1 ou: cc:t ccs
clcvcs ttcig:c:t lc :ivcu + ct lus ;cc ou:cc:tgc c:glo|c lcs clcvcs situcs
ux :ivcux + ct ., ;t|lcu !1, lls so:t .0 ou: cc:t c: li:l:cc ct +0 ou:
cc:t ou lus c: Aust:lic, u :c, c: l:l:cc, c: :ouvcllcZcl:cc ct u
ko,uucu:i ttci:c:c u uoi:s lc :ivcu + D:s tous lcs ,s cc l`Dl,
l`cxcctio: cu luxcu|ou:g ct cu \cxiquc, u: clcvc su: ci:q u uoi:s ttci:t
u ui:iuuu lc :ivcu + Au l:csil, ,s ou lcs c:io:u:ccs so:t lcs lus ii|lcs
c: lcctu:c, sculs + ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs :vic::c:t u uoi:s u :ivcu +
Au :ivcu +, lcs ciiic:c:ccs cc c:io:u:cc su: lcs t:ois cc|cllcs cc l
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it tc:cc:t `t:c uoi:s u:quccs quù :ivcu . Au
l:csil toutciois, l :oo:tio: c`clcvcs situcs u :ivcu + cc l`cc|cllc kcilcc|i:
su: lc co:tc:u cu tcxtc cst lus cc ccux iois suc:icu:c ccllc ccs clcvcs ,:t
ttci:t cc :ivcu su: l`cc|cllc kct:ouvc: cc lì:io:utio: , :cscctivcuc:t
ou: cc:t ct ! ou: cc:t ;t|lcux !1|c, l: lsg:c, c: G:ccc, u
\cxiquc ct u lo:tugl, cct cc:t cst cc o ou: cc:t ct lus l situtio: i:vc:sc
sò|sc:vc c: lclgiquc, li:l:cc, l::cc ct licc|stc:stci:
Niveau de comptence 3 resoltat conpris entre +3! et ''2 points}
lcs clcvcs ,:t ttci:t lc :ivcu ! su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc
l`cc:it so:t c|lcs c`ciicctuc: ccs tc|cs cc lcctu:c cù:c coulcxitc uocc:cc,
:otuuc:t loclisc: cc uultilcs i:guc:ts cì:io:utio:, ct|li: ccs lic:s c:t:c
ciiic:c:tcs :tics cc tcxtc ct uctt:c l`cc:it c: :cltio: vcc ccs co::iss:ccs
iuilic:cs cc l vic cou::tc ;voi: l iigu:c !1 ou: u:c ccsc:itio: lus cctillcc,
D:s l zo:c cou|i:cc cc l`Dl, o0 ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs ttcig:c:t u uoi:s lc
:ivcu ! ;c`cstci:c lcs clcvcs situcs u :ivcu !, + ou ., cc l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc
cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ;t|lcu !1, D:s - su: ! ,s cc l`Dl,
c:t:c ccux tic:s ct 0 ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs gcs cc 1. :s ttcig:c:t u uoi:s
lc :ivcu !
c uocclc cc couctc:cc cstil siuili:c c:s tous lcs ,s lou: :co:c:c ccttc
qucstio:, il iut sc c:c|c: su: lcs :csultts ccs :cui ,s c:s lcsqucls c:t:c ccux
tic:s ct :tiqucuc:t lcs t:ois qu:ts ccs clcvcs ttcig:c:t u uoi:s lc :ivcu !,
svoi: c:s lò:c:c l li:l:cc, l o:cc, lc :c, lc o:, l`l:l:cc, l :ouvcllc
Zcl:cc, lÀust:lic, lc ko,uucu:i ct l uccc Qucls so:t lcs :csultts cc ccs ,s
cùt:cs cg:cs D:s u: ccs ,s, l li:l:cc, u:c :oo:tio: :cltivcuc:t clcvcc
c`clcvcs :csc:tc c`cxccllc:tcs couctc:ccs ;1 ou: cc:t ttcig:c:t lc :ivcu .,
lo:s quc l uo,c::c cc l`Dl cst cc 10 ou: cc:t, . lcs clcvcs so:t :cltivcuc:t
:ou|:cux ccssc: lc :ivcu ui:iuuu ;sculs ou: cc:t c: li:l:cc sc situc:t
u :ivcu 1 ou c: cc, l li:l:cc iiic|c co:c c`cxccllc:ts :csultts su: l`cc|cllc
cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it
D:s ci:q ut:cs ,s, lÀust:lic, lc :c, l`l:l:cc, l :ouvcllcZcl:cc ct
lc ko,uucu:i, l :oo:tio: c`clcvcs u :ivcu uxiuuu cst clcvcc ;c:t:c
1+ ct 1- ou: cc:t,, uis lc ou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs situcs u :ivcu 1 ou c:
cc cst lus clcvc qu`c: li:l:cc, c:t:c 10 ct 1+ ou: cc:t ;l uo,c::c cc
.avc. ac a/jjc|cr.c
no/r |oror.cc cr/|c
lc c|jo|nar.c |cal/cc
ot| lc /|o/ ac./ ac
lc./t|c
1|o/ clcvc t| ./r
or/ .aablc acjjc./tc|
ac /a./c noac|cncr/
.onlcxc vo/|c ta/|c
t| ./r cr |/rlarac.
.na/ lc ay aor/
la nao|//c ac clcvc
a//c/qrcr/ at no/r lc
r/vcat a/jjc|cr/ cr/|c
ctx a aat/|c cqa|a
c|/a/r ay t/ .on/cr/
ac ronb|ctx clcvc jo|/
cr lc./t|c or/ cqalcncr/
bcat.ot ac /c/|c lc./ct|.
.0
l`Dl cst 1 ou: cc:t, cs ,s :cussissc:t uc:c: lcs clcvcs u :ivcu
cc couctc:cc lc lus clcvc, uis sc uo:t:c:t uoi:s ciiicccs ou: :ccui:c
l :oo:tio: c`clcvcs lus ii|lcs l: :ouvcllcZcl:cc, lcs clcvcs situcs
u :ivcu . so:t lus :ou|:cux quc :tout illcu:s ;1- ou: cc:t,, uis lcs
c:io:u:ccs cù: :ou|:c :cltivcuc:t clcvc c`clcvcs sc situc:t u :ivcu 1
ou c: c: cc ;1+ ou: cc:t,
lcs :csultts cc l o:cc uo:t:c:t quc lò||cctii cc ui:iuisc: lcs cis:itcs
c:s lcs couctc:ccs c: lcctu:c u: :ivcu :cltivcuc:t clcvc cst :clis|lc
. ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs ttcig:c:t u uoi:s lc :ivcu !, lo:s quc sculs o ou:
cc:t so:t situcs u :ivcu 1 ou c: cc A lì:st: cc l o:cc, lc o: iiic|c
u:c :oo:tio: clcvcc c`clcvcs ,:t u uoi:s ttci:t lc :ivcu ! l: :cv:c|c,
lcs clcvcs so:t :cltivcuc:t cu :ou|:cux ttci:c:c lc :ivcu uxiuuu
ou :c s ccssc: lc :ivcu ui:iuuu l:ii:, c: uccc, ccux tic:s ccs
clcvcs ttcig:c:t u uoi:s lc :ivcu !, uis lcs :oo:tio:s c`clcvcs u :ivcu
uxiuuu ct ui:iuuu so:t lus :oc|cs cc l uo,c::c
Niveau de comptence 2 resoltat entre +U3 et +3U points}
lcs clcvcs ,:t ttci:t lc :ivcu ! so:t c|lcs c`ciicctuc: ccs tc|cs cc
lcctu:c clcuc:ti:cs, :otuuc:t loclisc: ccs i:io:utio:s ci:cctcs, ct|li:
civc:s t,cs cì:ic:c:ccs cù: ccg:c liuitc, cccouv:i: lc sc:s cù: ssgc |ic:
ccii:i cc tcxtc ct utilisc: ccs co::iss:ccs ciiic:c:tcs ou: lc cou:c:c:c
;voi: l iigu:c !1 ou: u:c ccsc:itio: lus cctillcc, D:s l zo:c cou|i:cc
cc l`Dl, ! ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs o:t u uoi:s ttci:t lc :ivcu ! cc l`cc|cllc
cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it D:s c|quc ,s cc l`Dl, l uoitic
u uoi:s ccs clcvcs ttci:t ou ccssc lc :ivcu ! ;t|lcu !1,
l: lsg:c, sculs + ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs :vic::c:t u :ivcu ., uis + ou:
cc:t ttcig:c:t u uoi:s lc :ivcu !, u:c :oo:tio: suc:icu:c l uo,c::c
;t|lcu !1, lc co:t:stc c:t:c lcs c:io:u:ccs cc l`lsg:c ct cc l :ouvcllc
Zcl:cc cst i:tc:css:t lc ou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs ,:t ttci:t lc :ivcu ! u
uoi:s cst siuili:c c:s lcs ccux ,s ;+ ct o ou: cc:t :cscctivcuc:t,, uis
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Beigique
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Itaiie
suisse
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rortugai
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Iuembourg
Royaume-uni
Austraiie
Nouveiie-Ziande
core
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Iriande
canada
Ispagne
Norvge
Iiniande
sude
Isiande
Brsii
Iettonie
Idration de Russie
Itats-unis
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:ccuit l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts cc !1 1- ou: cc:t cc l v:itio:
uo,c::c c:t:c clcvcs cc l`Dl ;voi: lc t|lcu !+,
l: Aut:ic|c, l :isc c: co:sicc:tio: ccs ciiic:c:tcs iilic:cs vc:s lcsqucllcs
lcs clcvcs so:t o:ic:tcs c:s six t,cs c`ct|lisscuc:ts ciiic:c:ts :ccuit l
v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts cc o ou: cc:t l: lclgiquc, cllc ssc cc o
!. ou: cc:t si o: :c:c c: co:sicc:tio: lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c couuu:utcs
li:guistiqucs ct c:t:c t,cs c`ct|lisscuc:ts l :isc c: co:sicc:tio: ccs
ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c t,cs c`ct|lisscuc:ts ct t,cs cc :og:uucs c`c:scig:cuc:t
:ccuit l v:itio: c:t:c clcvcs cc . 10 ou: cc:t c: Allcug:c, cc !0
- ou: cc:t c: o:cc, cc 1 1- ou: cc:t c: lo:g:ic ct cc o 1+ ou:
cc:t c: lolog:c
l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts ssc cc .+ !1 ou: cc:t c: G:ccc ct cc
.! ou: cc:t c: kcu|liquc tc|cquc si o: :c:c c: co:sicc:tio: lcs
ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c lcs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t gc:c:l ct :oicssio::cl
ct lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c lcs :og:uucs c`c:scig:cuc:t scco:ci:c i:ic:icu:
ct suc:icu:
l: l:l:cc, l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts ssc cc 1 ou: cc:t si
o: :c:c c: co:sicc:tio: lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c t,cs c`ct|lisscuc:t, c:t:c
ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t :o:ul ct sccil i:si qu`c:t:c zo:cs :u:lcs
ct u:|i:cs
ies niveau dènseignement c:s quclqucs ,s, cc:ti:s clcvcs cc 1. :s i:cquc:tc:t ccs
ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t scco:ci:c suc:icu:, lo:s quc cùt:cs so:t c:co:c i:sc:its c:s
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t scco:ci:c i:ic:icu:, cc qui ccc:c cu uois cc :iss:cc
ccs clcvcs ou ccs :tiqucs cc :ouotio: c: vigucu: D:s cùt:cs ,s, lus cù: :ivcu
c`c:scig:cuc:t so:t :cg:oucs c:s u: uùc ct|lisscuc:t cci iuliquc quc l v:itio: c:s
lcs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs iuut|lc ux ciiic:c:ccs cc :og:uuc c:t:c :ivcux scco:ci:c
i:ic:icu: ct scco:ci:c suc:icu: cst i:clusc c:s l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts c:s lc :cuic:
cs ct c:s l v:itio: c:t:c clcvcs u sci: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c:s lc scco:c cs ,
caractristiques socio-conomiques lcs c:ctc:istiqucs sociocco:ouiqucs ccs couuu:utcs
quc lcs ct|lisscuc:ts ccssc:vc:t v:ic:t souvc:t, uùc si lùlcu: cc l v:itio: ciiic:c
g::ccuc:t sclo: lcs ,s l v:itio: sociocco:ouiquc ccs ciicctiis ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cut
iicctc: l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs i:sc:its
rc a|//c ac la
va|/a//or cr/|c
c/abl/cncr/ c/
/nt/ablc a ac ja./ct|
qcoq|a//tc ot
/r///t//orrcl ot at
|cq|otcncr/ aclcvc
a| a///tac.
o-
l :isc c: co:sicc:tio: ccs ciiic:c:ts :ivcux ct t,cs cc :og:uucs
c`c:scig:cuc:t :ccuit l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts cc .1 !! ou: cc:t
c: ltlic ;t.... : :o:t ux ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t tcc|:iquc ct
:oicssio::cl, ct cc +! 1o ou: cc:t u \cxiquc
Au :c, l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts ssc cc 1 1o ou: cc:t si o:
:c:c c: co:sicc:tio: lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c lcs :ovi:ccs
l: lsl:cc, l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts ssc cc o ou: cc:t si o:
:c:c c: co:sicc:tio: l tillc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ct lc ccg:c cù:|:istio:
l: :ouvcllcZcl:cc, l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts ssc cc !0 ou:
cc:t :cs l :isc c: co:sicc:tio: ccs c:ctc:istiqucs sociocco:ouiqucs
ccs oultio:s c`clcvcs ;, cou:is lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc uo,c: ct l
:oo:tio: c`clcvcs uo:is ct occ:iqucs,
l :isc c: co:sicc:tio: ccs clcvcs lloc|to:cs :ccuit l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lis
scuc:ts cc 1! 1! ou: cc:t c: :o:vcgc ct cc - o ou: cc:t c: uccc
l: lsg:c, l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts ssc cc 1o 10 ou: cc:t si o:
:c:c c: co:sicc:tio: lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts u|lics ct :ivcs
l: uissc, l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts ssc cc +- ! ou: cc:t :cs
l :isc c: co:sicc:tio: ccs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c t,cs cc :og:uuc, c:t:c
:ivcux c`c:scig:cuc:t ct c:t:c lcs couuu:utcs li:guistiqucs c:s lcsqucllcs
lcs ct|lisscuc:ts so:t iul:tcs
Au ko,uucD:i, l :isc c: co:sicc:tio: ccs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts
gc:cs : lcs uto:itcs loclcs ct ccux gc:cs : cùt:cs i:st:ccs couuc lcs
ouvoi:s o:g:istcu:s uto:oucs ct lcs io:ctio:s co:icssio::cllcs, c:t:c lcs
ct|lisscuc:ts uixtcs ct :o: uixtcs ct c:t:c lcs :cgio:s :ccuit l v:itio:
c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts cc !! 1. ou: cc:t
llus gc:c:lcuc:t, ccs c|iii:cs suggc:c:t ussi quc lc :cg:oucuc:t c:s cc:ti:s
ct|lisscuc:ts ccs clcvcs :csc:t:t ccs c:ctc:istiqucs sociocco:ouiqucs
scciiiqucs cst lus u:quc c:s lcs s,stcucs ccuctiis qui :csc:tc:t ciiic:c:ts
t,cs c`ct|lisscuc:t quc lo:squc lcs :og:uucs c`c:scig:cuc:t :c v:ic:t s
sig:iiictivcuc:t cù: ct|lisscuc:t lùt:c Ai:si, c: Allcug:c, c: Aut:ic|c,
c: lclgiquc, c: ltlic, ux l,sls ct c: kcu|liquc tc|cquc, l v:itio: c:t:c
ct|lisscuc:ts ssocicc l i:cquc:ttio: cc ciiic:c:ts t,cs c`ct|lisscuc:t cst
gg:vcc : ccs ciiic:c:ccs cc uilicu socil ct iuilil cttc situtio: cut `t:c
:ovoqucc : ccs |c:ouc:cs cc sclcctio: ou cùtosclcctio: lcs clcvcs issus
cc uilicux sociux uoi:s ivo:iscs o:t tc:c:cc `t:c ci:igcs ou sò:ic:tc:
cuxuùcs vc:s ccs ctuccs uoi:s cxigc:tcs, ou c:co:c :c:o:cc: :c:c:c
:t ux :occcu:cs cc sclcctio: cu s,stcuc ccuctii
l`:l,sc lus :oio:cic qui cst :csc:tcc u c|it:c suggc:c quc lìuct su:
l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs cu uilicu socil cc l`c:scu|lc ccs ciicctiis cù:c ccolc
tc:c `t:c lus io:t quc cclui cu uilicu socil cc l`clcvc i:civicucl lcs clcvcs issus
cù: uilicu sociocco:ouiquc uoi:s ivo:isc qui i:cquc:tc:t ccs ct|lisscuc:ts
co:t lc uilicu sociocco:ouiquc gc:c:l cst lutt clcvc o:t tc:c:cc `t:c |ic:
lus c:io:u:ts quc sìls ctic:t i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cù: uilicu
.c/ ct/ aqq|avc|
tara lc clcvc /t
ac n/l/ctx |/v/lcq/c c
|cq|otcr/ t|/ot/ la oi
a/jjc|cr/ /yc
ac/abl/cncr/
acrc/qrcncr/
c.oraa/|c .ocx//cr/.
.c/ar/ aorrc tc lc
|ctl/a/ atr clcvc or/ ror
ctlcncr/ ao./c a or
|o|c n/l/ct o./al na/
aar trc lt jo|/c nct|c a
.clt/ ac c .ora/./lc
0
sociocco:ouiquc glo|l i:ic:icu: l uo,c::c lì:vc:sc cst v:i ou: lcs clcvcs
issus cc uilicux :ivilcgics qui i:cquc:tc:t ccs ct|lisscuc:ts uoi:s ivo:iscs
c co:stt :` :ic: c`cto:::t, uis lò!.o. cc l ciiic:c:cc cst i::tc Ai:si
quc l`cxliquc lc c|it:c , l ciiic:c:cc c:s lcs :csultts :cvus cù: clcvc
co::c i:cquc:t:t ccux ct|lisscuc:ts ciiic:c:ts qui so:t sc:cs : 10 oi:ts,
: cxculc, su: lì:cicc cu sttut sociocco:ouiquc cc lcu:s clcvcs ;tcl quìl
cst ccii:i : lì:cicc llA, sc:it suc:icu:c l ciiic:c:cc c:t:c ccux clcvcs
sc:cs : lc uùc cc:t cc 10 oi:ts ct i:sc:its c:s lc uùc ct|lisscuc:t
c co:stt suggc:c quc l ciiic:c:citio: i:stitutio::cllc :tiqucc c:s lcs
s,stcucs ccuctiis, qui cst souvc:t gg:vcc : lc uilicu socil cc l oultio:
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ct : lcs :cic:c:ccs utosclcctivcs ccs :c:ts ctou cc lcu:s
clcvcs, cut voi: u: iuct u|cu: su: l :cussitc i:civicucllc ccs clcvcs
#ONCLUSIONS
ll :csso:t ccs :csultts cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000 quc lcs co::iss:ccs ct
couctc:ccs ccs clcvcs c: lcctu:c v:ic:t g::ccuc:t sclo: lcs ,s l`cc:t c:t:c
lcs c:io:u:ccs uo,c::cs lcs lus ct lcs uoi:s clcvccs su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it :c:csc:tc 1!+ oi:ts, soit 1 :ivcu cc couctc:cc
lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c ,s :c :c:csc:tc:t ccc:c:t quù:c :tic i:iiuc cc l
v:itio: glo|lc c:s lcs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs l: ciict, lcs ciiic:c:ccs cc
c:io:u:cc c:t:c clcvcs u sci: cù: ,s so:t c: uo,c::c :csquc cix iois
lus clcvccs quc lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c uo,c::cs :tio:lcs l:c:c:c c: c|:gc u:
cvc:til ussi vstc cc |c:ciicii:cs ct :ccui:c l`cc:t c:t:c lcs c:io:u:ccs ccs
clcvcs co:stituc:t co:c ccs cciis u|cu:s ou: tous lcs ,s
A 1. :s, lcs clcvcs so:t c: uo,c::c 10 ou: cc:t ttci:c:c lc :ivcu cc
couctc:cc lc lus clcvc cu llA, :ouv:t i:si quìls so:t c|lcs cc uc:c:
|ic: ccs tc|cs cc lcctu:c coulcxcs, cc uo:t:c: quìls o:t cou:is lcs tcxtcs c:s
lcs uoi:c:cs cctils ct c:u lìuo:t:cc :cltivc cc lcu:s couos:tcs, quìls
cuvc:t cvluc: lcs i:io:utio:s cc u:ic:c c:itiquc ct cl|o:c: ccs |,ot|cscs
su: l |sc cc co::iss:ccs scciiiqucs A lùt:c cxt:cuitc cc l`cc|cllc, ils so:t
c: uo,c::c o ou: cc:t :c s ttci:c:c lc :cuic: :ivcu cc couctc:cc cs
clcvcs :c cuvc:t uctt:c cou:uuc:t c: ouv:c lcs co::iss:ccs ct couctc:ccs
lcs lus clcuc:ti:cs quc lc llA c|c:c|c cvluc: lls cuvc:t gc:c:lcuc:t
li:c c:s l`ccctio: tcc|:iquc cu tc:uc uis c:ouvc:t cc sc:icuscs ciiiicultcs
lo:squìl s`git cùtilisc: l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it couuc u: outil ou: cquc:i:
ct uclio:c: ccs co::iss:ccs ct ccs couctc:ccs c:s cùt:cs coui:cs lic:
quc l :oo:tio: cc ccs clcvcs uissc `t:c i:ic:icu:c ! ou: cc:t c:s t:ois
,s ct :c ccssc: 1+ ou: cc:t quc c:s ccux ,s cc l`Dl, l`cxistc:cc
cù:c ui:o:itc :ccuitc uis sig:iiictivc c`clcvcs qui :ò:t s cquis u tc:uc
cc l scol:itc o|ligtoi:c lcs couctc:ccs clcuc:ti:cs c: lcctu:c co:t ils u:o:t
|csoi: ou: ou:suiv:c lcu: :c:tissgc coit `t:c :isc c: co:sicc:tio: : lcs
ccciccu:s qui sou|itc:t quc l`:c:tissgc tout u lo:g cc l vic soit u:c :clitc
ou: tous c co:stt cst cùt:t lus l:u:t quc sc uultilic:t lcs i:ciccs
sc:icux uo:t::t quc l io:utio: co:ti:uc :cs l`ccolc tc:c ccc:tuc: lutt
lc c|jo|nar.c cr
va|/cr/ jo|/cncr/ atr
ay a lat/|c na/
aavar/aqc a l/r/c|/ct|
ac ay
lc l|- nc/ cr ltn/c|c
lc.a|/ .or/ac|ablc t/
ca|c lc IJ aclcvc
.aablc aa..onl/| ac
/a./c ac lc./t|c
o////tcc ac 6
/r.aablc acjjc./tc|
ncnc lc /a./c lc lt
/nlc.
1
qu` ttc:uc: lcs ciiic:c:ccs cc couctc:cc cccoul:t cù:c :cussitc i:cglc
l`c:scig:cuc:t i:itil
i o: |outc ccs clcvcs ccux qui :`ttcig:c:t s lc :ivcu 1 ou co:t lcs c:io:u:ccs
:c ccssc:t s lc :ivcu 1 c`cstci:c ccux qui so:t c|lcs cc uc:c: |ic:
lcs tc|cs cc lcctu:c lcs lus clcuc:ti:cs, :otuuc:t loclisc: u: i:guc:t u:iquc
cì:io:utio:, icc:tiiic: lc t|cuc :i:cil cù: tcxtc ou ct|li: u:c co::cltio:
siulc vcc ccs co::iss:ccs cou::tcs , lcs clcvcs ii|lcs :c:csc:tc:t u:c
:oo:tio: cc 1 ou: cc:t c: uo,c::c c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl lcs :c:ts, lcs
c:scig::ts ct lcs ccciccu:s ccs ,s ou l :oo:tio: c`clcvcs situcs u :ivcu 1 ou
c: cc cst iuo:t:tc coivc:t :cco::it:c quù: :ou|:c sig:iiictii c`clcvcs :c
|c:ciicic:t s suiiisuuc:t ccs ossi|ilitcs c`c:scig:cuc:t ct quìls :isquc:t
u cou:s cc l suitc cc lcu: :cou:s scoli:c ct uccl cc :c s ouvoi: cquc:i:
lcs co::iss:ccs ct couctc:ccs :cccssi:cs D:s ccs ,s tcls quc lc l:csil ou lc
\cxiquc, co:t lcs :cvc:us :tio:ux so:t :cltivcuc:t uoccstcs ct ou lcs ccc:scs
co:sc:ccs ux ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t : clcvc gc cc 1. :s ou uoi:s
:c:csc:tc:t c:vi:o: u: qu:t cc l uo,c::c cc l`Dl ;t|lcu !o,, :ououvoi:
l`c:scig:cuc:t cc ccux qui c: o:t lc lus |csoi: cst u: ccii co:sicc:|lc ouvc:t,
lcs olitiqucs scciiiqucs xccs su: cct o||cctii o:t ctc i:t:ocuitcs :cccuuc:t
Ioutciois, u:c iuo:t:tc v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs :ìuliquc
s io:ccuc:t quù:c io:tc :oo:tio: c`clcvcs sc situc u: ii|lc :ivcu cc
couctc:cc c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it D:s cc:ti:s ,s ou l c:io:u:cc
uo,c::c cst clcvcc, tcls quc lÀust:lic, l :ouvcllcZcl:cc ct lc ko,uucD:i,
lc !.
c
cc:tilc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l
`
cc:it co::cso:c
u ccuxicuc :ivcu cc couctc:cc ;c:vi:o: +. oi:ts,, cc qui i:ciquc quc lcs
clcvcs situcs c:s lc !.
c
cc:tilc o|tic::c:t u: :csultt uo,c: |o::`tc : :o:t
ux :o:ucs cc cou:iso: i:tc::tio:lcs Ioutciois, l io:tc v:itio: cc
c:io:u:cc o|sc:vcc c:s ccs ,s suggc:c quc lcs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs situcs
c:s lc !.
c
cc:tilc ou::ic:t `t:c :cttcuc:t i:ic:icu:cs ux scuils co::cso:c:t
ux ttc:tcs :tio:lcs ccs ,s c: qucstio:
D:s qucllc ucsu:c lcs ciiic:c:ccs o|sc:vccs c:s lc llA !000 c:s lcs c:io:
u:ccs ccs clcvcs :cilctc:tcllcs l :c:titio: i::cc ccs ccitcs ccs clcvcs, cc
qui iuliquc:it quc lc ccii qui sc osc ux s,stcucs ccuctiis :c ou::it `t:c
:clcvc ci:cctcuc:t : u:c :co:ic:ttio: cc l olitiquc cc l`c:scig:cuc:t ll
:csso:t cc l`:l,sc cxoscc c:s cc c|it:c :o: sculcuc:t quc lùlcu: ccs
cis:itcs cc c:io:u:cc c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it v:ic g::ccuc:t sclo:
lcs ,s, uis ussi quù:c c:io:u:cc :tio:lc clcvcc :c v s io:ccuc:t
cc i: vcc ccs cis:itcs iuo:t:tcs cc c:io:u:cc lic: quc ccs ictcu:s
co:tcxtucls lus gc:c:ux coivc:t `t:c :is c: co:sicc:tio: lo:squò: cou:c
cc tcllcs cis:itcs c:t:c ,s, l olitiquc uc:cc : lcs uto:itcs cut otc:
ticllcuc:t co:t:i|uc: oii:i: ccs oo:tu:itcs cglcs ct ccs cquis cquit|lcs
tous lcs clcvcs lc llA uo:t:c quc lcs ,s sc cisti:guc:t lcs u:s ccs ut:cs
:o: sculcuc:t : lcu: c:io:u:cc uo,c::c, uis ussi : lcu: ccitc
cou|lc: l`cc:t c:t:c lcs clcvcs lcs lus ii|lcs ct lcs clcvcs lcs lus io:ts
.a/r/ tc lc I2
.aablc ac ra..onl/|
tc lc /a./c lc lt
clcncr/a/|c t/ ocr/
tr acj/ atx ol///tc
t|/ot/ aar lc ay
oi /l or/ lc lt
ronb|ctx
/cnc aar lc ay oi
lc clcvc ja/blc or/
acz |a|c cr /c|nc
ac .ona|a/or
/r/c|ra//oralc /l
ctvcr/ c/|c ronb|ctx a
|c/c| cr ac,a ac ct/l
ra//oratx
lc ay t/ |ct/cr/ a
|cal/c| trc c|jo|nar.c
noycrrc clcvcc /ot/ cr
.or/crar/ la va|/a//or
cr/|c clcvc nc//cr/ lc
at/|c ay at acj/.
!
ct ui:iuisc: cc:ti:s ccs o|stclcs co:tcxtucls qui :uisc:t u:c :c:titio:
cquit|lc ccs :csultts cc l`:c:tissgc c co:stt ccs iulictio:s ci:cctcs
ou: lcs olitiqucs ccuctivcs
Dc :ou|:cux ictcu:s i:iluc:cc:t l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs
lcs cis:itcs t:ouvc:t lcu: o:igi:c c:s lc uilicu sociocco:ouiquc ccs clcvcs
ct ccs ct|lisscuc:ts, c:s lc voluuc cc :cssou:ccs |uui:cs ct ii::cic:cs
uis l cisositio: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts, c:s lcs ciiic:c:ccs cc :og:uucs
c`c:scig:cuc:t ou c:co:c c:s l u:ic:c co:t l`c:scig:cuc:t cst o:g:isc ct
cisc:sc lcs :oc|cs c|oisics : lcs ,s ou: ii:c icc ccttc |ctc:ogc
:citc v:ic:t, lì:st: cìllcu:s ccs cuscs cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc
ccs clcvcs c:ti:s ,s :ivilcgic:t lcs s,stcucs ccuctiis :o: sclcctiis, qui
visc:t oii:i: tous lcs clcvcs lcs uùcs oo:tu:itcs c`:c:tissgc ct qui
cxigc:t ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cc :c:c:c c: c|:gc l`c:scu|lc ccs clcvcs c:s
toutc lcu: civc:sitc Dùt:cs ,s :cgissc:t cxlicitcuc:t l`|ctc:ogc:citc
ccs clcvcs c: :c:tiss:t ccuxci : g:oucs c: io:ctio: cc lcu: :ivcux cc
c:io:u:cc :cs u: :occssus cc sclcctio: c:s ou c:t:c lcs ct|lisscuc:ts,
c:s lc |ut cc :co:c:c u uicux ux |csoi:s scciiiqucs ccs clcvcs
Qucl cst lìuct cc ccs olitiqucs ct cc ccs :tiqucs su: l c:io:u:cc
ccs clcvcs ll cst ciiiicilc cò:tc: ccs :co:scs cli:cs, c: lcs :tiqucs
cc ciiic:c:citio: so:t souvc:t liquccs cc u:ic:c i:io:ucllc u sci:
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ct ciiiicilcs cou:c: c:t:c ,s lcs :csultts cu c,clc
c`cvlutio: llA !000 uo:t:c:t :c:uoi:s quc t:t l v:itio: glo|lc cc l
c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs quc l :oo:tio: :cltivc cc ccttc v:itio: iuut|lc
ux ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts o:t tc:c:cc `t:c lus iuo:t:tcs c:s
lcs ,s ou u:c cisti:ctio: cxlicitc cst ct|lic c:t:c lcs t,cs cc :og:uucs
ct c`ct|lisscuc:ts ccs lcs :cuic:cs ctcs cc l scol:istio: lcs co::ccs
io:t cglcuc:t c:sc: quc lcs ciicts cu :cg:oucuc:t socil so:t lus u:qucs
c:s lcs ,s ou lcs t,cs c`ct|lisscuc:t so:t ciiic:c:cics quc c:s ccux ou lc
:og:uuc c`c:scig:cuc:t :c v:ic s sig:iiictivcuc:t cù: ct|lisscuc:t
lùt:c lc c|it:c cxliquc ccs :csultts cc u:ic:c lus :oio:cic ct
sc c:c|c su: quclqucsu:s ccs lcvic:s olitiqucs qui scu|lc:t, c:s cc:ti:s
,s, ui:iuisc: l :cltio: c:t:c lc uilicu socil ct lcs c:io:u:ccs ct, :t:t,
co:t:i|uc: g::ti: l`cglitc ccs c|:ccs c: utic:c c`:c:tissgc
D:s ccs ,s tcls quc lÀust:lic, l :o:vcgc ct l :ouvcllcZcl:cc, ou l
v:itio: ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it cst co:sicc:|lc u sci: ccs ccolcs, ccs :cio:ucs uiscs c: ouv:c
c:s lcs ct|lisscuc:ts ct vis:t stiuulc: lcs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs lcs lus
ii|lcs o:t cv:tgc cc c|:ccs cc co:t:i|uc: ciiicccuc:t :clcvc: lcs c:io:
u:ccs glo|lcs ccs clcvcs quc ccs :cio:ucs xccs su: l :ouotio: cc cc:ti:s
ct|lisscuc:ts l:vc:scuc:t, c:s lcs ,s ou lcs c:io:u:ccs v:ic:t io:tcuc:t
cù: ct|lisscuc:t lùt:c, couuc c`cst lc cs c: Allcug:c, c: Aut:ic|c,
c: lclgiquc, c: lo:g:ic ct c: lolog:c, ccs :cio:ucs vis:t :c|ussc: lcs
c:io:u:ccs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts co:t lc :ivcu cst lc uoi:s clcvc sc:o:t v:iscu
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.OTES
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.00 ct l`cc:t t,c, 100 , lcs co::ccs so:t o:cc:ccs cc io: :c:c:c cquivlc:tcs lcs co:t:i|utio:s cc c|quc ,s
! l :otio: cc littc:tic ou cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it utiliscc c:s lc llA cst |ic: lus vstc quc l :otio: |isto:iquc cc
svoi: li:c ct cc:i:c l ccii:itio: cc l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cu llA ccssc cc loi: lìccc quc l lcctu:c co:sistc c: u:
cccocgc cc l`cc:it ct s cou:c|c:sio: u sc:s littc:l cu tc:uc l: co:scquc:t, l`cvlutio: llA :c s`cst s ttc|cc
ucsu:c: cc t,c cc littc:tic tcc|:iquc lcs clcvcs qui :`ttcig:c:t s lc :ivcu 1 cuvc:t :iitcuc:t `t:c c|lcs cc
li:c u sc:s tcc|:iquc cu tc:uc
! l: co:scquc:cc cu iit quc tous lcs clcvcs ,:t ttci:t u: cc:ti: :ivcu, , cou:is ccux qui sc situc:t l`cxt:cuitc |ssc
cc cc :ivcu, so:t cc:scs :co:c:c co::cctcuc:t l uoitic u uoi:s ccs itcus co::cso:c:t cc :ivcu, ct coutc tc:u
cc l l:gcu: iixc ccs :ivcux cc couctc:cc, u: clcvc sc situ:t :ìuo:tc qucl oi:t cc l`cc|cllc cst suosc voi:
o! ou: cc:t cc c|:ccs cc :co:c:c co::cctcuc:t u: itcu co:t l ciiiicultc co::cso:c cc uùc oi:t su: l`cc|cllc
: iit :iois :cic:c:cc l vlcu: cc l :o||ilitc cc :co:sc ;lk, ~ 0o!
+ lou: co:ii:uc: quc ccs ciiic:c:ccs so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivcs, l :o||ilitc :cltivc qu`vic:t lcs ,s còccuc:
c|cu:c ccs ositio:s cu clsscuc:t su: c|quc cc|cllc ctc cctc:ui:cc :ti: ccs sco:cs uo,c:s ccs ,s, cc lcu:s
c::cu:s t,cs ct cc l cov:i:cc c:t:c lcs cc|cllcs cc c:io:u:cc cc ccux coui:cs c :occcc c:uct cc :cci:c vcc
u:c :o||ilitc cc -. ou: cc:t si u: ,s sc ccu:quc cù: coui:c : :o:t lùt:c cc u:ic:c sttistiqucuc:t
sig:iiictivc c: sc ositio:::t lus |ut ou lus |s c:s u: coui:c quc c:s lùt:c ;ou sìl :c ccvit s :csc:tc: cc
ciiic:c:ccs sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivcs c:t:c lcs ccux coui:cs, Voi: lc roc. ..|.o. ti:+ 2 ou: cv:tgc cc
cctils su: l uct|ocologic
. Voi: lc roc. ..|.o. ti:+ 2 ou: lcs co::ccs
o lcs itcus c|oix uultilc o:t ctc cxclus cc l cou:iso: :cc quc ccs clcvcs ou::ic:t , :co:c:c co::cctcuc:t c:
c|oisiss:t l :co:sc u |s:c
l: Allcug:c, 11! ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs so:t lloc|to:cs ;c::cu: t,c 0.-, , .1 ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs so:t lloc|to:cs ct
sc situc:t u :ivcu 1 ou c: cc ;c::cu: t,c 0.1, , ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs so:t :cs c: Allcug:c ;c::cu: t,c 0.-, ,
1++ ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs so:t :cs c: Allcug:c ct sc situc:t u :ivcu 1 ou c: cc ;c::cu: t,c 0!, , u luxcu|ou:g,
1o ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs so:t lloc|to:cs ;c::cu: t,c 0o+, , 11. ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs so:t lloc|to:cs ct sc situc:t u
:ivcu 1 ou c: cc ;c::cu: t,c 0.., , 1. ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs so:t :cs u luxcu|ou:g ;c::cu: t,c 0o+, , !!! ou:
cc:t ccs clcvcs so:t :cs u luxcu|ou:g ct sc situc:t u :ivcu 1 ou c: cc ;c::cu: t,c 0o!,
l c:io:u:cc cc l lolog:c cst susccti|lc c``t:c lcgc:cuc:t su:cstiucc c: :iso: cc l`cxclusio: cc o ou: cc:t
c`clcvcs gcs cc 1. :s i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t :iui:c l: co:scquc:t, l c:io:u:cc cc l
lolog:c su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cut voi: ctc su:cstiucc cc ccux ositio:s u clsscuc:t l
c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ux l,sls :` u `t:c clculcc cc u:ic:c :ccisc, c: :iso: cù: tux i:suiiis:t cc :co:scs
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ll cut toutciois `t:c iii:uc vcc cc:titucc quc lcs l,sls sc situc:t c:t:c l !
c
ct l 1+
c
lcc cu
clsscuc:t ccs ,s cc l`Dl su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ;voi: l`::cxc A! ou: cv:tgc
cì:io:utio:s cct cg:c,
- l :o||ilitc :cltivc qu`vic:t lcs ,s còccuc: c|cu: ccs ositio:s cu clsscuc:t su: c|quc cc|cllc ctc cctc:ui:cc
:ti: ccs sco:cs uo,c:s ccs ,s, cc lcu:s c::cu:s t,cs ct cc l cov:i:cc c:t:c lcs cc|cllcs cc c:io:u:cc cc ccux
coui:cs c :occcc c:uct cc :cci:c vcc u:c :o||ilitc cc -. ou: cc:t si u: ,s sc ccu:quc: cù: coui:c :
:o:t lùt:c cc u:ic:c sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivc c: sc ositio:::t lus |ut ou lus |s c:s u: coui:c quc c:s
lùt:c ;ou sìl :c ccv:it s :csc:tc: cc ciiic:c:ccs sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivcs c:t:c lcs ccux coui:cs, Voi: lc roc.
..|.o. ti:+ 2 ou: cv:tgc cc cctils su: l uct|ocologic
10 lcs uct|occs c`cc|:tillo::gc utilisccs u o: io:t quc l v:itio: c:t:c clsscs lì:tc:icu: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cst
cou:isc c:s l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts ou: lc o:
11 D:s l iigu:c !o ct lc t|lcu !+, l v:itio: cst cx:iucc : l v:i:cc sttistiquc, qui cst lc c::c cc l`cc:t t,c uqucl
il ctc iit :cic:c:cc :cccccuuc:t c:s cc c|it:c `cst l v:i:cc sttistiquc qui cst utiliscc ou: ccttc cou:iso:
+
lutt quc l`cc:t t,c ii: quìl soit ossi|lc cc cccouosc: lcs ciiic:c:tcs couos:tcs cc l v:itio: ccs c:io:u:ccs
ccs clcvcs lou: ccs :iso:s cxosccs c:s lc roc. ..|.o. ti:+ 2, l souuc ccs couos:tcs cc l v:i:cc c:t:c
ct|lisscuc:ts ct u sci: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cut, ou: cc:ti:s ,s, ciiic:c: lcgc:cuc:t cu c::c cc l`cc:t t,c iigu::t
c:s lc t|lcu !! l uo,c::c ctc clculcc ou: lcs ,s cc l`Dl i:co:o:cs u t|lcu !+
1
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OLLL ^COLl LL ll^ ^-1-lL !l LN LL!lLkL
ClLZ LL LLL\L lL !5 ^N
lkOllL lL lLklOk!^NCL lL LLL\L
LN CLL1LkL !^1lL!^1lOLL
L1 ClLN1lllOLL
cHArI1RI 1 tcl a.t/ lc l|- a-/-/l n/ cr ltn/c|c ./cz lc clcvc ac I5 ar ` l|ol ac c|jo|nar.c ac clcvc cr .tl/t|c na//cna//tc c/ ./cr//tc
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)NTRODUCTION
lcs :og:uucs c`c:scig:cuc:t ccs ut|cutiqucs ct ccs scic:ccs cisc:scs
c:c:t l lus g::cc :tic cu sicclc cc::ic: visic:t cssc:ticllcuc:t co::c:
u:c oig:cc cc ut|cuticic:s, cc scic:tiiiqucs ct cì:gc:icu:s lcs |scs cc
lcu: io:utio: :oicssio::cllc cc:c:t, lìuo:t:cc g::ciss:tc cu :lc
ccs scic:ccs, ccs ut|cutiqucs ct ccs tcc|:ologics c:s l vic uocc::c
c|:gc l co::c Dcso:uis, l`c:ouisscuc:t c:so::cl, l`culoi ct l :ti
citio: ctivc c:s l socictc iuosc:t cc lus c: lus tous lcs cultcs, ct
s u:iqucuc:t ccux qui si:c:t u:c c::ic:c scic:tiiiquc, cc ossccc: u:c
cultu:c ut|cutiquc, scic:tiiiquc ct tcc|:ologiquc
l cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:tiiiquc cst citlc ou: cou:c:c:c lcs qucs
tio:s cò:c:c c:vi:o::cuc:tl, uccicl ct cco:ouiquc ct ut:cs uxqucllcs
lcs socictcs uocc::cs so:t co:i:o:tccs, socictcs qui ccc:cc:t l:gcuc:t cc
l`cvolutio: tcc|:ologiquc ct scic:tiiiquc l: out:c, lcs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs
lcs lus io:ts c:s lcs utic:cs ut|cutiqucs ct scic:tiiiqucs cuvc:t
i:iluc: su: lc :lc quc lcu: ,s |ouc: l`vc:i: c:s lc scctcu: ccs tcc|:ologics
cc oi:tc ct su: lc l: cc s couctitivitc i:tc::tio:lc c: gc:c:l l:vc:sc
uc:t, lc u:quc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:tiiiquc cut voi: cc lou:ccs
co:scquc:ccs su: lcs c:scctivcs c`culoi ct cc :cvc:u ccs i:civicus ct su:
lcu: ccitc cc :c:c:c u:c :t ctivc l socictc
`cst ou:quoi t:t lcs ccciccu:s quc lcs c:scig::ts cco:cc:t u: si g::c :ix
l`c:scig:cuc:t ccs ut|cutiqucs ct ccs scic:ccs l`cxccllc:cc cst cc :igucu:
c:s lcs s,stcucs ccuctiis ou: ii:c icc l ccu:cc cc:uc cc couctc:ccs
ut|cutiqucs ct scic:tiiiqucs A l luuic:c cc cc qui :ccccc, il cst citl
cc svoi: c:s qucllc ucsu:c lcs ,s :cussissc:t i:culquc: ccs couctc:ccs
io:cuc:tlcs ux |cu:cs cultcs `cst l :iso: ou: lqucllc lcs co::iss:ccs
ct svoi:ii:c ut|cutiqucs ct scic:tiiiqucs io:t :tic i:tcg::tc cu co:cct
cc cultu:c cu llA lcs :csultts cu llA so:t lus c:ti:c:ts ou: lcs
socictcs i:cust:icllcs ccvcloccs, c: l`cvlutio: cst |scc su: l :otio: cc l
cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:tiiiquc ccii:ic u c|it:c 1 ct :c o:tc s,
co:t:i:cuc:t cùt:cs ctuccs, su: l sculc :l,sc cu cc:oui:tcu: couuu:
ccs :og:uucs c`c:scig:cuc:t cc c|quc ,s
c c|it:c ssc c: :cvuc lcs :csultts cc l`cvlutio: cc l cultu:c ut|c
utiquc ct scic:tiiiquc cu llA ct cxui:c l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc ccuxci
co:cicc:t vcc lcs :csultts c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it :csc:tcs u c|it:c !,
ou sìls s`c: cc:tc:t c c|it:c
ccii:it lcs c:itc:cs c:uctt:t cc qu:tiiic: lcs c:io:u:ccs c: cultu:c ut|c
utiquc ct scic:tiiiquc ct :csc:tc ccs cxculcs cc tc|cs cc civc:s ccg:cs cc
ciiiicultc cui:ist:ccs lòccsio: cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000 ,
:csuuc lcs c:io:u:ccs cc c|quc ,s su: l |sc ccs :csultts uo,c:s ccs
clcvcs ct :csc:tc l :c:titio: ccs :csultts c:s lcs oultio:s c`clcvcs ,
- |ccr/ /ot lc
aatl/c ao/vcr/ t//l/c|
lc na//cna//tc c/ lc
./cr.c a ctlcncr/
lc cl//c.
.ot| otvo/|
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la o./c/c
lc l|- c/ta/c lc
.orra/ar.c c/
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na//cna//tc c/ cr
./cr.c tc lc clcvc
ot||or/ cxlo//c| aar
lct| v/c aaatl/c
tcl a.t/ lc l|- a-/-/l n/ cr ltn/c|c ./cz lc clcvc ac I5 ar ` l|ol ac c|jo|nar.c ac clcvc cr .tl/t|c na//cna//tc c/ ./cr//tc cHArI1RI 1
cou:c l v:itio: ccs c:io:u:ccs c:t:c l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, l

cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct l cultu:c scic:tiiiquc
lc c|it:c + coulctc lc :oiil cc couctc:cc : u:c :l,sc cc cc:ti:s ccs
cquis :o: cog:itiis ccs clcvcs scol:iscs cc 1. :s cs cquis o:tc:t su: l
uotivtio: ccs clcvcs, lcu: c:ggcuc:t, lcu:s st:tcgics c`:c:tissgc ct lcu:
co:ii:cc c: lcu:s :o:cs ccitcs
lc c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000 cssc:ticllcuc:t o:tc su: l cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it `cst l :iso: ou: lqucllc l`cvlutio: cc l cultu:c ut|cuti
quc ct scic:tiiiquc cst lus succi:ctc ct quc l`:l,sc ccs :csultts :`cst s
ussi oi:tuc quc l` ctc ccllc cc l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cttc :l,sc
sc: :oio:cic lo:s cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !00!, qui sc co:cc:t:c:
c: :io:itc su: l cultu:c ut|cutiquc, ct cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !00o
qui o:tc: su:tout su: l cultu:c scic:tiiiquc lcs cc:cs co:cctucls qui
soustc:cc:t lcs cvlutio:s llA cc l cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:tiiiquc
so:t cxoscs c:s M.o... !. .co.o.. . .c.... 1. .!.. u co.oo
.o1.. 1.o!oo.c ;Dl, 1---o,
0ERFORMANCEDESLVESENCULTUREMATHMATIQUE
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lo:s cu c,clc llA !000, u:c sculc cc|cllc ctc utiliscc ou: cvluc: l cultu:c
ut|cutiquc A lì:st: cc l`cc|cllc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, l`cc|cllc cc
cultu:c ut|cutiquc s`:ticulc utou: cù: :csultt uo,c: cc .00 oi:ts ct cù:
cc:t t,c cc 100 oi:ts, ou lc :csultt c`c:vi:o: ccux tic:s ccs clcvcs cc l`c:scu|lc
ccs ,s cc l`Dl sc situc c:t:c +00 ct o00 oi:ts
1
cttc cc|cllc c:uct c`cvluc:
l ccitc ccs clcvcs icc:tiiic: ct i:tc::ctc: ccs :o|lcucs ut|cutiqucs qui
sc osc:t c:s lcu: vic, t::sosc: ccs :o|lcucs c:s u: co:tcxtc ut|cutiquc,
liquc: ccs :occcu:cs ct ccs co::iss:ccs ut|cutiqucs ou: :csouc:c ccs
:o|lcucs c:s lcu: co:tcxtc ut|cutiquc, i:tc::ctc: lcs :csultts o|tc:us c:
io:ctio: ccs :o|lcucs o:igi:ux, :cilcc|i: ux uct|occs utilisccs ct io:uulc: ct
couuu:iquc: lcs solutio:s
lcs c:itc:cs qui cctc:ui:c:t lc :ivcu cc ciiiicultc ccs tc|cs so:t :otuuc:t
!. c/.. . !o .c!... 1. .o. 1. .o... co 1. .o!.o! c!!..... o. !. o.|. lcs
tc|cs cui:ist:ccs vo:t ccs :o|lcucs u:c sculc ctc, qui ccu:cc:t ux
clcvcs cc sc :clc: ccs iits ut|cutiqucs clcuc:ti:cs ct cc lcs :c:ocui:c
ou cc sc liv:c: ccs oc:tio:s siulcs cc clcul, ux :o|lcucs ux ctcs
uultilcs, qui io:t cl ccs co::iss:ccs ut|cutiqucs :oio:cics ct
ccs svoi:ii:c coulcxcs c: utic:c cc :isc cc cccisio:, cc t:itcuc:t cc
lì:io:utio:, cc :csolutio: cc :o|lcucs ct cc uocclistio: ,
!. ..... . o.... 1. .. . ..!o.c . 1...o.c lcs tc|cs lcs lus siulcs
ccu:cc:t ux clcvcs c`liquc: u:c sculc tcc|:iquc ou :c:csc:ttio: u:
i:guc:t u:iquc cì:io:utio:, t:cis quc lcs tc|cs lus coulcxcs lcu:
la .tl/t|c na//cna//tc
c/ cvaltcc t| trc
c./cllc tr/tc.
.t| latcllc la
a/jj/.tl/c ac /a./c c/
ac/c|n/rcc a| la
.onlcx//c ac c/ac ac
/|a//cncr/ tcllc
oll/.//cr/.
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iuosc:t c`ct|li: ccs :cltio:s c:t:c lus cù: clcuc:t cì:io:utio: ct cc lcs
i:tcg:c:, : lc |iis cc lùtilistio: cù: cvc:til cc :c:csc:ttio:s, còutils ou
cc co::iss:ccs ut|cutiqucs u cou:s cù: cc:ti: :ou|:c c`ctcs ,
!. ..... . o.... 1. .....o.c, 1. c1.!.o.c, 1.....o.c . 1.
..!..c cs cxigc:ccs vo:t cc lìcc:tiiictio: ct cc l`lictio: cù:c
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sio: cc l`cc:it, il :` s ctc c:t:c:is cc cctc:ui:c: ccs :ivcux cc couctc:cc
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ccs :o|lcucs c: tc:ucs ut|cutiqucs, cuvc:t t:itc: ccs i:io:utio:s lus
coulcxcs ct uc:c: |ic: u: :occssus cout:t u: cc:ti: :ou|:c c`ctcs
A cc :ivcu, lcs clcvcs so:t c|lcs cìcc:tiiic: ct c`liquc: lcs co::iss:ccs
ct lcs i:st:uuc:ts c:ti:c:ts ;souvc:t c:s ccs :o|lcucs co:t lc co:tcxtc
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ou: cxliquc: ou couuu:iquc: lcu:s :csultts
lcs clcvcs co:t lc :csultt cst cc lò:c:c cc .0 oi:ts so:t c|lcs
cì:tc::ctc:, cc uctt:c c: :cltio: ct cì:tcg:c: ciiic:c:tcs :c:csc:ttio:s
cù: :o|lcuc ou civc:s i:guc:ts cì:io:utio:, cùtilisc: ct c`ctc: u:
uocclc co::c, souvc:t c:s ccs :o|lcucs qui cou:c::c:t ccs clcuc:ts
lgc|:iqucs ou cùt:cs :c:csc:ttio:s s,u|oliqucs ctou cc vc:iiic: ou
c`c:ouvc: ccs :oositio:s ou ccs uocclcs co::cs lls liquc:t gc:c:lc
uc:t ccs st:tcgics, ccs :oositio:s ou ccs uocclcs co::cs ;c: :cco::iss:t
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ucttc:t c: ouv:c ccs co::iss:ccs ut|cutiqucs c:ti:c:tcs ou: :csouc:c
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lcs clcvcs situcs u |s cc l`cc|cllc, c`cstci:c ccux qui o:t o|tc:u u: :csultt
cc lò:c:c cc !0 oi:ts, :c so:t gc:c:lcuc:t c|lcs quc c`ccouli: u:c
sculc ctc co:sist:t :c:ocui:c ccs :occssus ou ccs iits ut|cutiqucs
clcuc:ti:cs ou cxloitc: ccs couctc:ccs cc clcul siulc lls so:t c: ucsu:c
cc loclisc: ccs i:io:utio:s ci:cctcs c:s u: tcxtc ou c:s u: cig:uuc qui
.c/ a| lc acq|c ac
crcc na//cna//tc
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cst visi|lc lì:tc::cttio: ct lc :iso::cuc:t ssc:t : lìcc:tiiictio: cù:
clcuc:t u:iquc ct iuilic: cu :o|lcuc lc :occssus cc :csolutio: iuliquc
cglcuc:t l`lictio: cù:c :occcu:c cc :outi:c c: u:c sculc ctc
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u: :csultt cc o!. oi:ts ct !. ou: cc:t ttci:c:c u: :csultt cc .1 oi:ts
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ccs tc|cs cxt:itcs cc ccux ccs 1o u:itcs cui:ist:ccs ou: cvluc: l cultu:c
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lcs clcvcs ctic:t co:i:o:tcs u: scc::io |,ot|ctiquc o:t:t su: l l:ttio: c:
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co::cctcuc:t, ils o:t cu cou:c:c:c l iois lcs cx:cssio:s lgc|:iqucs utilisccs ou:
ccc:i:c lc uocclc ct lcs :cltio:s io:ctio::cllcs sous|cc:tcs, cc u:ic:c ouvoi:
icc:tiiic: ct cxliquc: l gc:c:listio: cc ccs :cltio:s c:s u: co:tcxtc :o: iuilic:
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su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc, ils ccvic:t :oosc: l :co:sc co::cctc i:si
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utou: cu vc:gc:
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OU$TtON 3
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lxliqucz couuc:t vous vcz
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cc1. 2 ;.+,
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OU$TtON 2
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ll cxistc ccux cx:cssio:s quc
vous ouvcz utilisc: ou: clculc:
lc :ou|:c cc ouuic:s ct lc
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OU$TtON 8
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OU$TtON S
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:c:titio: t:cs i:cglc ccs :csultts ct u: :csultt uo,c: qui sc situc uccssus
cc l uo,c::c cc l`Dl,
l: utic:c cc :c:titio: ccs c:io:u:ccs, l tc:c:cc cst siuili:c su:
l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct l`cc|cllc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it
Ai:si, lÀllcug:c, l lclgiquc, lcs lttsD:is, l G:ccc, l lo:g:ic, l
:ouvcllcZcl:cc, l lolog:c ct l uissc ccusc:t u: cc:t :cltivcuc:t
iuo:t:t c:t:c lcs .
c
ct !.
c
cc:tilcs cou:is c:t:c 1!. ct 1+- oi:ts su:
l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc ;voi: t|lcu !1,, co:t:i:cuc:t l o:cc,
.b/cr tat no/r IJ
ac clcvc ac ./atc
ay atj actx
a//c/qrcr/ lc |ctl/a/
noycr at ay t/
ajj/./c la c|jo|nar.c
noycrrc la lt clcvcc
|l c/ j|aar/ tc lc
a/a|//c lc no/r
jo|/c c |c/|otvcr/ aar
ac ay aor/ la
c|jo|nar.c c/ lt/o/
clcvcc.
.alo| tc .c|/a/r ay
ayar/ trc c|jo|nar.c
noycrrc lt ja/blc
|ccr/cr/ ac c.a|/
lt la|qc
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l li:l:cc, l`l:l:cc, l`lsl:cc ct u o: ou lcs cis:itcs so:t :cltivc
uc:t ii|lcs ct :c:csc:tc:t uoi:s cc 11! oi:ts c:t:c lcs .
c
ct !.
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lo:s quc l ciiic:c:cc c:t:c lcs .
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ct !.
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cc:tilcs su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c
ut|cutiquc cst cc 1!1 oi:ts, cc qui cst c: ccssous cc l`cc:t i:tc:qu:tilc
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c,clc llA !000 o:t ctc :ics cc couuu:iquc: lcs :otcs quìls o:t o|tc:ucs
c: ut|cutiqucs lo:s cc lcu: cc::ic: |ullcti: ct cì:ciquc: couuc:t ccs
:otcs sc:ic:t i:tc::ctccs : l`ct|lisscuc:t cttc i:io:utio: c:uis cc
cctc:ui:c: si cllcs ctic:t suc:icu:cs, cglcs ou i:ic:icu:cs u scuil c`cc|cccc
:cussitc iixc : l`ct|lisscuc:t ou l`c:scig::t l cou:iso: cc ccs co::ccs
vcc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc cu llA
oii:c u: cc:c cc :cic:c:cc qui c:uct cì:tc::ctc: lcs :csultts llA c:s lcu:
co:tcxtc :tio:l ;t|lcu !!, lcs co::ccs :cvclc:t quc lcs ,s iiic|:t u:c
c:io:u:cc :cltivcuc:t clcvcc ux cvlutio:s cu llA :ò:t s :cccssi:cuc:t
u:c :oo:tio: cou:tivcuc:t ii|lc c`clcvcs :c:co:t::t lcs ttc:tcs cc lcu:s
c:scig::ts l: co:t:stc, c:s cc:ti:s ,s ou l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c cst
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sc uo:t:c: l |utcu: cc cc quc lcu:s c:scig::ts ttc:cc:t c`cux lc iit
quc lcs :csultts i:tc::tio:ux cc:otc:t ccs ciiic:c:ccs sig:iiictivcs c:t:c
c:io:u:ccs uo,c::cs ccs ciiic:c:ts ,s tc:c suggc:c: quc lcs ,s c:s
lcsqucls lcs scuils c`ttc:tcs so:t iixcs sscz |s ct qui :clisc:t ccs :csultts
uo,c:s lutt ii|lcs ou::ic:t :clcvc: lcs ccux
0ERFORMANCEENCULTUREMATHMATIQUEETENCOMPRHENSION
DELCRIT
ll :c co:vic:t s cc ii:c u:c cou:iso: ci:cctc c:t:c lcs vlcu:s :cscctivcs ccs
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;lcs :csultts uo,c:s su: lcs cc|cllcs cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ct cc cultu:c
ut|cutiquc c:t:c :c:t|cscs :c so:t i:ciqucs qu` tit:c cc :cic:c:cc,
cc:c:t, il cst ossi|lc cc cctc:ui:c: lcs oi:ts io:ts :cltiis ccs ,s c:s
lcs ccux coui:cs su: l |sc cc lcu: ositio:s :cltivcs c:s lc clsscuc:t ccs
cc|cllcs cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ct cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc
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ll , licu
cc g:cc: l`cs:it quc cc :c so:t s lcs c:io:u:ccs cù: ,s lùt:c
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ccs ,s
A lù:c cc ccttc cou:iso:, lcs clcvcs cc o:cc ;.!., .+,, cu D:cu:|
;+-, .1+,, cc l lccc:tio: cc kussic ;+o!, +,, cc lo:g:ic ;+0, +,,
cu o: ;.!!, ..,, cc lctto:ic ;+., +o!,, cu licc|tc:stci: ;+!, .1+, ct
cc uissc ;+-+, .!-, :clisc:t ccs :csultts uo,c:s :cltivcuc:t ucillcu:s c:
cultu:c ut|cutiquc qu`c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it
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c|jo|nar.c cr
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li:l:cc ;.+o, .!o,, l G:ccc ;++, ++,, l`l:l:cc ;.!, .0!,, l`ltlic ;+,
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:cltivcuc:t ucillcu:cs c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it
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ccux cc|cllcs c`cvlutio:
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A lì:st: cc l cultu:c ut|cutiquc, l c:io:u:cc c: cultu:c scic:tiiiquc ctc
cvlucc lìcc cù:c cc|cllc u:iquc lo:s cu c,clc llA !000, :ticulcc utou: cù:
:csultt uo,c: cc .00 oi:ts ct u: cc:t t,c cc 100 oi:ts, ou lc :csultt c`c:vi:o:
ccux tic:s ccs clcvcs cc l`c:scu|lc ccs ,s cc l`Dl sc situc c:t:c +00 ct o00
oi:ts cttc cc|cllc c:uct cc ucsu:c: l ccitc ccs clcvcs utilisc: ccs co::is
s:ccs scic:tiiiqucs ;l uit:isc cc co:ccts scic:tiiiqucs,, :cco::it:c ccs qucstio:s
scic:tiiiqucs ct icc:tiiic: lò||ct cc :cc|c:c|cs scic:tiiiqucs ;l cou:c|c:sio: cc
l :tu:c cù:c i:vcstigtio: scic:tiiiquc,, uctt:c ccs co::ccs scic:tiiiqucs c: :
o:t vcc ccs t|cscs ct ccs co:clusio:s ;l`cxloittio: cc :cuvcs scic:tiiiqucs, ct
couuu:iquc: ccs sccts scic:tiiiqucs
lcs c:itc:cs qui ccii:issc:t l ciiiicultc c:oiss:tc ccs tc|cs su: l`cc|cllc
c`cvlutio: cc l cultu:c scic:tiiiquc so:t :otuuc:t l coulcxitc ccs co:ccts
|o:ccs, lc voluuc cc co::ccs :oosccs, lc :occssus cc :iso::cuc:t :cquis
ct lc ccg:c cc :ccisio: iuosc c: utic:c cc couuu:ictio: lc ccg:c cc
ciiiicultc ccc:c cglcuc:t cu co:tcxtc ccs i:io:utio:s, cu io:ut ct cc
l :csc:ttio: ccs qucstio:s lcs tc|cs cui:ist:ccs lo:s cu c,clc llA io:t
cl cc:ti:cs co::iss:ccs scic:tiiiqucs ;: o:c:c c:oiss:t cc ciiiicultc,
lcs co::iss:ccs ou iits scic:tiiiqucs siulcs ou cou::ts , l`lictio: cc
co:ccts ct cc qucstio:s scic:tiiiqucs ou u:c co::iss:cc cc |sc cu :i:cic
cc l :cc|c:c|c , lùtilistio: cc co:ccts scic:tiiiqucs cl|o:cs , lc :occssus cc
:iso::cuc:t , l co::iss:cc cc uocclcs co:cctucls siulcs ou l`:l,sc ccs
:cuvcs ou: cxc:iuc:tc: ccs :oc|cs ltc::tivcs
Au souuct cc l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c scic:tiiiquc ;soit u: :csultt cc lò:c:c cc
o-0 oi:ts,, lcs clcvcs so:t gc:c:lcuc:t c|lcs cc c:cc: ou cùtilisc: ccs
uocclcs co:cctucls ou: ii:c ccs :cvisio:s ou co::c: ccs cxlictio:s ,
c`:l,sc: ccs :cc|c:c|cs scic:tiiiqucs, : cxculc, ou: cou:c:c:c l
u:ic:c co:t u:c cxc:ic:cc cst co:uc ou icc:tiiic: l :tu:c cc cc qui cst
tcstc , cc cou:c: ccs co::ccs ou: cvluc: ccs oi:ts cc vuc ltc::tiis ou
ccs c:scctivcs ciiic:c:tcs , ct, c:ii:, cc couuu:iquc: ccs :guuc:ts ctou
ccs ccsc:itio:s scic:tiiiqucs cc u:ic:c :ccisc ct cctillcc
lcs clcvcs qui o|tic::c:t u: :csultt cc lò:c:c cc ..0 oi:ts so:t c|lcs
cùtilisc: ccs co:ccts scic:tiiiqucs ou: ii:c ccs :cvisio:s ou iou::i: ccs
cxlictio:s , cc :cco::it:c ccs qucstio:s qui cuvc:t `t:c :csolucs :
ccs :cc|c:c|cs scic:tiiiqucs ctou cc :cc:c: ccs cctils iuliqucs : u:c
.alo| tc lc .or/|a/|c
c/ v|a/ ot| aat/|c
la .tl/t|c ./cr//j/tc
nct|c la .aa.//c ac
clcvc a t//l/c| lc
.orra/ar.c
./cr//j/tc c/ abo|ac|
lc |oblcnc ac nar/c|c
./cr//j/tc.
.la a/jj/.tl/c ac /a./c
c/ar/ ac/c|n/rcc a| la
.onlcx//c ac .or.c/
la tar///c ac aorrcc
jot|r/c c/ lc |o.ct
ac |a/orrcncr/ |ct/
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a/jj/./lc oll/.//cr/ ac
.onc/cr.c
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.onlcxc.
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rcr jor/ a no/r acl a
tr |a/orrcncr/
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:cc|c:c|c scic:tiiiquc , ct cc sclcctio::c: lcs i:io:utio:s c:ti:c:tcs :ui
ccs co::ccs ou: c: ti:c: ou cvluc: ccs co:clusio:s
lc |s cc l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c scic:tiiiquc co::cso:c u: :csultt cc lò:c:c
cc +00 oi:ts A cc :ivcu, lcs clcvcs so:t c|lcs cc sc :cucuo:c: ccs
co::iss:ccs ictucllcs scic:tiiiqucs siulcs ;: cxculc, ccs :ous, ccs
iits, cc l tc:ui:ologic ct ccs :cglcs siulcs, ct cùtilisc: ccs co::iss:ccs
scic:tiiiqucs cou::tcs ou: ti:c: ou cvluc: ccs co:clusio:s
lc cc:c co:cctucl ccii:iss:t l`cvlutio: cc l cultu:c scic:tiiiquc cu llA
cst cxosc c:s M.o... !. .co.o.. . .c.... 1. .!.. u co.oo .o1..
1.o!oo.c ;Dl, 1---o,
D:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, c: uo,c::c, lcs . ou: cc:t c`clcvcs ,:t :clisc lcs
ucillcu:cs c:io:u:ccs l`cvlutio: llA o:t o|tc:u u: :csultt cc o. oi:ts,
lo:s quìls ctic:t 10 ou: cc:t :clisc: u: :csultt cc o! oi:ts ct !. ou: cc:t
ttci:c:c .! oi:ts A l`cxt:cuitc i:ic:icu:c, lus cc t:ois qu:ts o:t ttci:t u:
:csultt cù uoi:s +!1 oi:ts, lus cc -0 ou: cc:t o:t o|tc:u u: :csultt cc
!o oi:ts ct lus cc -. ou: cc:t o:t ttci:t !!! oi:ts ;t|lcu !!,
lcs tc|cs utilisccs : lc llA ou: cvluc: l cultu:c scic:tiiiquc v:ic:t
g::ccuc:t l iigu:c !+ ccc:it lcs tc|cs ssociccs lù:c ccs 1! u:itcs
cui:ist:ccs ux clcvcs lo:s cu c,clc llA !000 ct cxliquc lcs c:itc:cs liqucs
ou: cocc: lcs :co:scs ccs clcvcs ;u: |cu lus coulct cc tc|cs cst ciso:i|lc
su: .oc..1c., lù:itc citcc c: cxculc iit :cic:c:cc ccs :cc|c:c|cs
su: lcs cuscs cc l iicv:c uc:c:lc quc cuuclwcis c:t:c:iscs :cc quìl
ctit i:c : lc tux cc uo:tlitc cxcctio::cllcuc:t clcvc :ovoquc : ccttc
iicctio: c:s u: sc:vicc cò|stct:iquc cttc qucstio: couuc:cc : :csc:tc:
lcs :cc|c:c|cs ux clcvcs sous l io:uc cù: g:|iquc, uis lcu: suggc:c quc l
iicv:c uc:c:lc ou::it `t:c :ovoqucc : ccs i:iluc:ccs cxt:tc::cst:cs ou :
ccs ctst:o|cs :tu:cllcs, ccs icccs :c:cucs l`coquc cc cuuclwcis, qui
tc:tc cc co:vi:c:c scs collcgucs c`c:visgc: ccs cxlictio:s lus :tio::cllcs
lcs clcvcs so:t i:vitcs css,c: cc sc uctt:c c:s l cu cc cuuclwcis ct
utilisc: lcs co::ccs quc ccluici :ccucillics ou: ct,c: l t|csc quc lcs
t:cu|lcuc:ts cc tc::c co:stituc:t u:c cusc iu:o||lc cc ccttc iicv:c lc
g:|iquc uo:t:c u:c v:itio: cu tux cc uo:tlitc u iil cu tcus, l :cuic:c
sllc cò|stct:iquc iiic|:t s,stcutiqucuc:t u: tux suc:icu: l scco:cc
sllc i lcs t:cu|lcuc:ts cc tc::c ctic:t l cusc cc l iicv:c uc:c:lc, lc
tux cc uo:tlitc ccv:it `t:c siuili:c c:s lcs ccux utc::itcs lc g:|iquc
suggc:c quc c`cst u: clcuc:t lic ux ccux sc:viccs qui cxliquc l ciiic:c:cc
l iigu:c !+ :csc:tc u:c :tic ccs c:itc:cs liqucs ou: cocc: lcs :co:scs
ccs clcvcs ccttc qucstio:
lou: o|tc:i: lc c:ccit totl ssocic l qucstio: 1 cc ccttc u:itc, lcs clcvcs
coivc:t ii:c :cic:c:cc lìccc quc lc tux cc uo:tlitc :cstc:it siuili:c c:s
lcs ccux utc::itcs si l iicv:c ctit cuscc : ccs t:cu|lcuc:ts cc tc::c lc
c:ccit totl cc ccttc qucstio: s`clcvc ooo oi:ts su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c scic:
tiiiquc lcs clcvcs co:t lc :csultt ttci:t ooo oi:ts coivc:t t|co:iqucuc:t `t:c
.c/ lc lt ja./lc
acnaracr/ atx clcvc
ac c |cncno|c| c/
at//l/c| ac
.orra/ar.c ja./tcllc
./cr//j/tc /nlc
lc clcvc or/ a|
cxcnlc c/c n/ cr
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cxc|/ncr/al attcl jt/
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ctlc trc n/ro|//c aclcvc a t
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ac /rjc|cr.c.
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cc :ou|:cuscs c:so::cs , c:o,ic:t, , cou:is ccs sv:ts : Ioutciois, cuuclwcis svit qu'il ctit cu :o||lc quc
l iicv:c uissc `t:c :ovoqucc : u:c i:iluc:cc cxt:tc::cst:c ou u: t:cu|lcuc:t cc tc::c ll uis c: v:t lcs co::ccs
qu'il vit :ccucillics ;voi: g:|iquc, ct s'c: cst sc:vi ou: tc:tc: cc co:vi:c:c scs co:i:c:cs
OUKN+L DL xLmmLL1LIx - 1LX1L 2
D:c :tic ccs :cc|c:c|cs uc:ccs c:s cct |itl co:cc::it l cisscctio: lc co:s c'u:c c:so::c ccccccc ctit ouvc:t
c:s lc |ut cc cccouv:i: l cusc cu ccccs cuuclwcis :o:tc quc lcs ctuci:ts qui t:villic:t c:s l l:cuic:c sllc
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cxui:c: lcs icuucs qui vc:ic:t |ustc c'ccouc|c: lls :c :c:ic:t s v:iuc:t l ci:c cc sc lvc: :cs lcs cisscctio:s
c:ti:s ctic:t uùc iic:s qu'o: uissc :cc:c:, lcu: occu:, qu'ils vic:t t:villc l uo:guc, c: ccl ccuo:t:it
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uùcs s,utucs quc ccux ccs uc:cs cuo:tccs : l iicv:c uc:c:lc cl co:: cuuclwcis u:c :ouvcllc iccc
Nombre de dcs dus ia ivre puerpraie pour 100 accouchements
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jour:+t i :iMMitPii:
\cttczvous l lcc cc
cuuclwcis l: vous io:c:t su:
lcs co::ccs :ccucillics :
cuuclwcis, co::cz u:c :iso:
cc c:sc: quc l iicv:c uc:c:lc
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OU$TtON 4
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:co... lsc cc co::ccs llA cc l'Dl, !001 I|lcu !!
-
lcs clcvcs cÀut:ic|c ;.0, .1-,, cc o:cc ;.!., ..!,, cc lo:g:ic ;+0,
+-o,, cu o: ;.!!, ..0,, cc kcu|liquc tc|cquc ;+-!, .11, ct cu ko,uuc
D:i ;.!!, .!!, :clisc:t ccs :csultts uo,c:s :cltivcuc:t ucillcu:s c:
cultu:c scic:tiiiquc qu`c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it
l lclgiquc ;.0, +-o,, lc :c ;.!+, .!-,, lc D:cu:| ;+-, +1,, l
li:l:cc ;.+o, .!,, l`l:l:cc ;.!, .1!,, l`lsl:cc ;.0, +-o, ct l`ltlic ;+,
+, :clisc:t ccs c:io:u:ccs :cltivcuc:t ucillcu:cs c: cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it qu`c: cultu:c scic:tiiiquc
lcs ositio:s :cltivcs ccs ut:cs ,s u clsscuc:t so:t cssc:ticllcuc:t lcs
uùcs su: lcs ccux cc|cllcs c`cvlutio:
l c:io:u:cc v:ic g::ccuc:t sclo: lcs ,s, ct cc :ticulic:cuc:t su:
l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc 1o- oi:ts ;lus cù: cc:t t,c ct ccui,
sc:c:t lcs ccux ,s iiic|:t lcs :csultts uo,c:s lc lus clcvc ct lc lus ii|lc
su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc, t:cis quc 101 oi:ts sc:c:t lc scco:c
cc l`v:tcc::ic: ,s u uùc clsscuc:t ;t|lcu !1, l v:itio: c:t:c
,s cc l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c cst quclquc cu lus :ccuitc c: cultu:c scic:
tiiiquc ct l lus ii|lc c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it
c |c:ouc:c ou::it
s`cxliquc: : lc iit quc l`:c:tissgc ccs ut|cutiqucs ct ccs scic:ccs
cst lus ct:oitcuc:t lic ux s,stcucs c`c:scig:cuc:t, cc qui iuliquc quc lcs
ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c lcs s,stcucs ccuctiis so:t susccti|lcs c`voi: u: iuct lus
iuo:t:t c:s ccs coui:cs qu`c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it
$PENSESENDUCATIONETPERFORMANCESDESLVESENCULTURE
MATHMATIQUEETSCIENTIFIQUE
D:s toutc cou:iso: cu :c:ccuc:t ccs s,stcucs ccuctiis, il iuo:tc cc :c:
c:c c: co:sicc:tio: l situtio: cco:ouiquc ccs ,s ct lc voluuc cc :cssou:ccs
quìls cuvc:t co:sc:c: l`c:scig:cuc:t c:ti:s ,s co::issc:t u:c :osc
:itc :cltivc qui lcs uto:isc iicctc: u: |ucgct lus iuo:t:t l`c:scig:cuc:t,
t:cis quc cùt:cs coivc:t coutc: vcc u: :cvc:u :tio:l sscz ii|lc
l iigu:c ! uo:t:c l :cltio: c:t:c lc :ocuit i:tc:icu: |:ut ;lll, co::igc :
||it:t ct l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c ccs clcvcs cc c|quc ,s lou: :clisc: ccttc
cou:iso:, u:c uo,c::c ccs :csultts uo,c:s cc c|quc ,s ctc clculcc
ou: lcs t:ois coui:cs cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct
cultu:c scic:tiiiquc lcs vlcu:s ccs lll co::cso:cc:t u lll : ||it:t cc
! 000 :ix cou::ts co::igc c: io:ctio: ccs ciiic:c:ccs cc ouvoi: c`c|t c:t:c
lcs ,s cc l`Dl ;t|lcu !o, lou: lcs !! ,s cc l`Dl co:t lcs co::ccs
cou:|lcs iigu:c:t c:s toutcs lcs colo::cs cu t|lcu !o
-
, l iigu:c couo:tc
cglcuc:t u:c c:oitc cc tc:c:cc qui :csuuc l :cltio: c:t:c lc lll : ||it:t
ct l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c ccs clcvcs c:s lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio: ll ,
licu cc g:cc: l`cs:it quc lc :ou|:c cc ,s qui c:t:c:t c:s ccttc cou:iso:
cst :cltivcuc:t :cst:ci:t ct quc, : co:scquc:t, l c:oitc cc tc:c:cc cst io:tc
uc:t iicctcc : lcs ,s i:clus c:s ccttc cou:iso:
.c/ |a|c or/ lc
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. .....o. . !. tii o. |o/.o . 1c!!o. iu, .c... o !'o.1. 1. o... 1. coc.. 1'o.|o (tt+)
lll : ||it:t ;coll:s lD, co:vc:tis l'icc ccs llA,
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. 1c!!o. iu, .c.... o !'o.1. 1. o... 1. coc.. 1'o.|o (tt+)
:c. l c:oitc cc tc:c:cc :c tic:t s coutc ccs ,s :o:ucu|:cs cc l'Dl
:co... lsc cc co::ccs llA cc l'Dl, !001 I|lcu !o
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l,s cc l'Dl l,s :o:ucu|:cs cc l'Dl
l,s cc l'Dl l,s :o:ucu|:cs cc l'Dl
100
lc :ugc cc oi:ts suggc:c quc lcs ,s co:t lc :cvc:u :tio:l cst clcvc o:t
tc:c:cc :clisc: cc ucillcu:cs c:io:u:ccs su: lcs cc|cllcs cou|i:ccs cc
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:tiiiquc quc lcs ,s
co:t lc :cvc:u :tio:l cst lus uoccstc l: :clitc, ccttc :cltio: i:ciquc quc
! ou: cc:t ccs cc:ts c:t:c :csultts uo,c:s ccs ,s so:t :cvisi|lcs su: l
|sc cc lcu: lll : ||it:t
10
lcs ,s qui so:t sscz :oc|cs cc l c:oitc cc tc:c:cc sc situc:t l ou l v:i|lc

cxlictivc lll : ||it:t lcs u:it lccs `cst :otuuc:t lc cs cc lÀut:ic|c, cc
l lclgiquc, cc l`lsg:c, cc l l::cc ct cc l`l:l:cc l`l:l:cc :clisc : cxculc
cc ucillcu:cs c:io:u:ccs quc l`lsg:c c:s lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio:, ct
cc c:s u:c ucsu:c quc lissc :cvoi: l ciiic:c:cc c:t:c lcs lll : ||it:t cc ccs
ccux ,s, couuc lc uo:t:c l iigu:c ! lcs ,s qui sc situc:t uccssus cc l
c:oitc cc tc:c:cc o:t :clisc ccs :csultts uo,c:s ux cvlutio:s llA qui so:t
lus clcvcs quc lc lissit :cvoi: lcu: lll : ||it:t ;: :o:t u g:ouc cc ,s
:ticulic: su: l |sc cuqucl l co::cltio: ctc cstiucc, l:ii:, lcs ,s qui sc situc:t
uccssous cc l lig:c cc tc:c:cc iiic|c:t ccs c:io:u:ccs uoi:s clcvccs quc :c
lc lissit :cvoi: l v:i|lc cxlictivc lll : ||it:t
ll cst cvicc:t quc l`cxistc:cc cù:c co::cltio: :c sig:iiic s :cccssi:cuc:t
quìl cxistc u:c :cltio: cc cusc ciict c:t:c lcs ccux v:i|lcs, ct il cst
ciicctivcuc:t io:t :o||lc quc cc :ou|:cux ut:cs ictcu:s i:tc:vic::c:t
cc:c:t, l iigu:c ! i:ciquc quc lcs ,s co:t lc :cvc:u :tio:l cst lus
clcvc so:t v:tgcs c:s u:c cc:ti:c ucsu:c ll cst :ccouu:cc cc :c:c:c
cct clcuc:t c: coutc lo:s cc lì:tc::cttio: ccs c:io:u:ccs :clisccs :
lcs ,s co:t lc :cvc:u :tio:l cst cou:tivcuc:t lus uoccstc
lc lll : ||it:t cst u:c v:i|lc qui c:uct c`cstiuc: l ccitc cù: ,s
ii::cc: so: c:scig:cuc:t, uis s cc qu:tiiic: ci:cctcuc:t lcs :cssou:ccs
ii::cic:cs :ccllcuc:t i:vcstics c:s l`ccuctio: l iigu:c !| cou:c lc |ucgct
uo,c: : clcvc ccuis lc cc|ut cc l`c:scig:cuc:t :iui:c |usqu` l`gc cc
1. :s ct l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c ccs clcvcs ou: lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio:
lou: cstiuc: cc |ucgct, lcs ccc:scs u:iti:cs u|liqucs ct :ivccs cc 1-- u
tit:c ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c|quc :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t so:t uultiliccs : l
cu:cc t|co:iquc ccs ctuccs c|cu: cc ccs :ivcux |usqu` l`gc cc 1. :s
11
lcs
ccc:scs so:t cx:iuccs c: coll:s lD co:vc:tis lìcc ccs :itcs cc ouvoi:
c`c|t ;Dl, !001,
l iigu:c uo:t:c l`cxistc:cc cù:c :cltio: ositivc c:t:c lcs ccc:scs u:iti:cs
ct l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c ccs ,s ou: lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio:
;t|lcu !o, l :og:cssio: ccs ccc:scs u:iti:cs u tit:c ccs ct|lisscuc:ts
c`c:scig:cuc:t v cc i: vcc ccllc cc l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c cù: ,s cs
co::ccs suggc:c:t c: ciict quc 1 ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: c:t:c ,s cc l c:
io:u:cc uo,c::c so:t cxlic|lcs : lcs ccc:scs u:iti:cs c: ccuctio:
1!
l`cc:t : :o:t l lig:c cc tc:c:cc i:ciquc quc ccs ccc:scs u:iti:cs

uocc:ccs :c vo:t s io:ccuc:t cc i: vcc ccs sc:viccs ccuctiis uoi:s
c:io:u:ts lcs :csultts cc l o:cc ct cu o: so:t siuili:cs c: uo,c::c
lc ay t/ |ccr/cr/ tr
|cvcrt a| /ab//ar/ clcvc
/cracr/ cr noycrrc
a |cal/c| ac nc/llct|c
c|jo|nar.c.
.na/ .c|/a/r ay
ajj/./cr/ ac
c|jo|nar.c no/r ot
lt clcvcc tc rc lc
la/a// |cvo/| lct|
|cvcrt ra//oral.
..c t/ aorrc a crc|
tc lc |cvcrt ra//oral
a tr l/cr avc. la
c|jo|nar.c ar c/|c tr
ja./ct| ac/c|n/rar/
lc accrc a| clcvc
|c|ccr/cr/ tr at/|c
ja./ct|.
.t/ cxl/tc tr
/x/cnc ac la va|/a//or
cr/|c ay
la|qcr/ c/ /no|/ar/.
101
ou: lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio: lo:s quc lcs ccc:scs cc l o:cc
s`clcvc:t !0 ++ coll:s lD : clcvc, ct ccllcs cu o:, .! !.. coll:s lD
;uo:t:ts co:vc:tis lìcc ccs llA, Dc uùc, l`l:l:cc sc clssc :cttcuc:t
uicux quc lÀllcug:c c:s lcs t:ois coui:cs, lo:s quc scs ccc:scs u:iti:cs
so:t i:ic:icu:cs cù: qu:t ccllcs cc lÀllcug:c
l cou:iso: suggc:c : illcu:s quc, |ic: quc lcs ccc:scs u tit:c ccs
ct|lisscuc:ts co:citio::c:t l qulitc cc l`c:scig:cuc:t, cllcs :c suiiisc:t s
ou: g::ti: u: :ivcu clcvc cc c:io:u:cc l:ui lcs ,s qui o|tic::c:t
ccs :csultts i:ic:icu:s cc quc lcs ccc:scs : clcvc lissc:t suosc:, cito:s
lc D:cu:|, lcs lttsD:is, l G:ccc, l`ltlic, lc \cxiquc ct lc lo:tugl
#ONCLUSIONS
D:s u: uo:cc cc lus c: lus lcc sous lc sig:c cc l tcc|:ologic, tous lcs
cultcs, ct s u:iqucuc:t ccux qui sc ccsti:c:t u:c c::ic:c scic:tiiiquc,
coivc:t `t:c cultivcs c: scic:ccs ct c: ut|cutiqucs lcs cc:ts :o:o:ccs cc
c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:tiiiquc quc l`:l,sc
cxoscc c:s cc c|it:c :cvclc i:ciquc:t toutciois quc cc |ut cst loi: c``t:c
ttci:t ct quc lcs ,s coivc:t :c:c:c c: c|:gc u: t:cs l:gc cvc:til cc |csoi:s
cc lcu:s clcvcs ccux qui :clisc:t ccs c:io:u:ccs cxcctio::cllcuc:t |utcs,
uis ussi lcs lus ii|lcs
l:llclcuc:t, :ot:c :l,sc uo:t:c quc ccs cis:itcs iuo:t:tcs c:s lcs
c:io:u:ccs :c so:t s :cccssi:cuc:t lc lot ccs ,s qui ttcig:c:t u:
:ivcu clcvc cc c:io:u:cc glo|lc, couuc c`ctit cglcuc:t lc cs c:s
l`cvlutio: cc l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ll cst i::t cc co:sttc: quc six
ccs |uit ,s qui :csc:tc:t l v:itio: i:tc::c l lus ii|lc su: l`cc|cllc cc
cultu:c ut|cutiquc iiic|c:t tous ccs :csultts qui, cu oi:t cc vuc sttisti
quc, so:t sig:iiictivcuc:t suc:icu:s l uo,c::c cc l`Dl
lic: quc l v:itio: c:s l c:io:u:cc soit :cttcuc:t lus iuo:t:tc lì:tc:icu:
ccs ,s qu`c:t:c lcs ,s, il , licu cc :c s :cgligc: lcs cc:ts sig:iiictiis o|sc:vcs
c:s l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c c:t:c lcs ,s l: ut|cutiqucs ct c: scic:ccs su:
tout, ccs ciiic:c:ccs cuvc:t soulcvc: ccs qucstio:s qu:t l couctitivitc ccs ,s,
c:s l ucsu:c ou cllcs co::c:t u:c iccc cc cc quc sc: l c::ic:c :oicssio::cllc ccs
clcvcs l: out:c, lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:s lcs c:io:u:ccs :cltivcs ccs ,s ou: lcs t:ois
coui:cs c`cvlutio: ou::ic:t i:ciquc: quc ccs ictcu:s s,stcuiqucs sig:iiictiis
o:t u: iuct su: lcs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs
l cou:iso: c:t:c lcs ccc:scs : clcvc ct lcs c:io:u:ccs uo,c::cs ccs
clcvcs :c cut `t:c i:tc::ctcc couuc u:c :cltio: cc cusc ciict : o|sc:vc
:c:uoi:s u:c ssocitio: ositivc c:t:c lcs ccux v:i|lcs l: illcu:s, |ic:
quc lcs ccc:scs u tit:c ccs ct|lisscuc:ts soic:t :cccssi:cs ct co:citio::c:t
l qulitc cc l`c:scig:cuc:t, l`:l,sc cou:tivc i:ciquc qu`cllcs :c suiiisc:t
s ou: g::ti: u: :ivcu cc c:io:u:cc clcvc l: ciict, cùt:cs ictcu:s
|ouc:t u: :lc :iuo:cil, :otuuc:t l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc lcs :cssou:ccs
so:t i:vcstics ciiicccuc:t c:s l`c:scig:cuc:t
.na/ rc/ a ltr/tc
ja./ct| t/ .on/c
lc bt/ tc /ot o/cr/
.tl//vc cr
na//cna//tc c/ cr
./cr.c c/ lo/r ac/|c
a//c/r/.
.na/ .c|/a/r ay
all/cr/ trc c|jo|nar.c
noycrrc clcvcc c/ ac
ja/blc a/a|//c
lc a/jjc|cr.c cr/|c
ay ot||a/cr/ a
lavcr/| .ora///orrc|
lct| .onc////v//c
|cc.//vc
lc accrc cr cat.a//or
lt clcvcc or/ ao./cc
a trc c|jo|nar.c lt
clcvcc na/ rc la
qa|ar//cr/ a
10!
Notes
1 Dù: oi:t cc vuc tcc|:iquc, lc :csultt uo,c: co::cso:c:t l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ccs ,s cc l`Dl ctc |xc
.00 ct l`cc:t t,c, 100 , lcs co::ccs so:t o:cc:ccs cc io: :c:c:c cquivlc:tcs lcs co:t:i|utio:s cc c|quc ,s
! l c:io:u:cc cc l lolog:c cst susccti|lc c``t:c lcgc:cuc:t su:cstiucc c: :iso: cc l`cxclusio: cc o ou: cc:t
c`clcvcs gcs cc 1. :s i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t :iui:c ll cst cu :o||lc quc ccttc cxclusio:
iicctc s ositio: u clsscuc:t su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc ;voi: l`::cxc A! ou: cv:tgc cì:io:utio:s
cct cg:c,
! l c:io:u:cc ccs l,sls :` u `t:c clculcc cc u:ic:c :ccisc, c: :iso: cù: tux i:sui|s:t cc :co:scs ccs
ct|lisscuc:ts ll cut toutciois `t:c i|:uc vcc cc:titucc quc lcs l,sls sc situc:t c:t:c l 1
:c
ct l +
c
lcc cu clsscuc:t
ccs ,s cc l`Dl su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc `cst l :iso: ou: lqucllc lcs l,sls :`:issc:t s su:
l |gu:c !! ;voi: l`::cxc A! ou: cv:tgc cì:io:utio:s cct cg:c,
+ l: Allcug:c, c: Aust:lic, c: Aut:ic|c, u :c, u D:cu:|, ux lttsD:is, c: li:l:cc, c: G:ccc, c: lsl:cc,
u licc|tc:stci:, u \cxiquc, c: :o:vcgc, c: :ouvcllcZcl:cc, ux l,sls, u lo:tugl, c: kcu|liquc tc|cquc, u
ko,uucD:i, c: uccc ct c: uissc, c:t:c u:c uoitic ct t:ois qu:ts ccs clcvcs sc so:t sc:vis cù:c clcult:icc lo:s cc
l`cvlutio: llA l: lclgiquc, c: lsg:c, c:s l lccc:tio: cc kussic, c: l::cc, c: lo:g:ic, c: ltlic ct c: lctto:ic,
c:t:c u: tic:s ct l uoitic ccs clcvcs o:t utilisc u:c clcult:icc D:c utilistio: c:co:c uoi:s i:tc:sivc cc clcult:iccs
ctc :o:tcc c: lolog:c ;!1 ou: cc:t,, c: l:l:cc ;! ou: cc:t,, u luxcu|ou:g ; ou: cc:t, ct u l:csil ;o ou:
cc:t, Au o:, lcs clcvcs :ò:t s utilisc cc clcult:iccs cu tout, ct il :`, s cì:io:utio:s cc su|ct ou: l o:cc
lxcctc u l:csil ct c: G:ccc, lcs clcvcs qui o:t utilisc ccs clcult:iccs lo:s cc l`cvlutio: o:t tc:c:cc :clisc: ccs
c:io:u:ccs suc:icu:cs ccllcs ccs clcvcs qui :c s`c: so:t s sc:vis Ioutciois, lcs cc:ts cc c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc
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Quels acquis le PISA a-t-il mis en lumire chez les lves de 15 ans ? Profl de performance des lves en culture mathmatique et scientifque CHAPITRE 3
103
corrlation. La corrlation entre les performances des lves et le PIB par habitant peut galement tre calcule sparment
pour les trois domaines dvaluation. Elle slve 0.59 en comprhension de lcrit, 0.55 en culture mathmatique et
0.39 en culture scientifque.
11. Les dpenses cumulatives dun pays donn sont estimes comme suit : si n(0), n(1), n(2) sont le nombre thorique dannes
pendant lesquelles un lve frquentera les niveaux denseignement pr-primaire, primaire, 1
er
cycle du secondaire et
2
e
cycle du secondaire, entre lge de 6 et de 15 ans ; si E(0), E(1), E(2), E(3) reprsentent les dpenses annuelles par
lve aux niveaux denseignement primaire, 1
er
cycle du secondaire et 2
e
cycle du secondaire, respectivement, exprimes
en dollars U ; on obtient ensuite les dpenses cumules en multipliant les dpenses annuelles (E) par la dure thorique
de scolarisation (n) chaque niveau denseignement (i) laide de la formule suivante :
Les estimations de la dure thorique des tudes n(i) se fondent sur la Classifcation internationale type de lducation
(CITE) (OCDE, 1997).
12. Pour la relation globale, la corrlation est de 0.42. Lorsquon considre les relations sparment, la corrlation est de 0.44
sur lchelle combine de comprhension de lcrit, 0.47 sur lchelle de culture mathmatique et de 0.29 sur lchelle de
culture scientifque.
CE = n(i)* E(i)
2
i=0
+
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10
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10
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voi:c u:c u|o:itc c:s cc:ti:s cs, iiic|c:t ccs ttituccs :cgtivcs visvis cc
l`ccolc ct :csc:tc:t u: u:quc c`c:ggcuc:t so: cg:c ll :`cst guc:c co:ccv|lc
quc lcs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t uissc:t o|tc:i: ccs :csultts otiuux si lcu:s
clcvcs :c so:t s |ic: cisoscs l`cg:c cc l`ccolc lic: quc ccl :c:csc:tc u: ccii
co:sicc:|lc : :o:t l co|o:tc c`gc cvlucc : lc llA, lcs :csultts cu c,clc
c`cvlutio: llA !000 i:ciquc:t co:c quc lcs olitiqucs ct :tiqucs ccuctivcs
ccv:ic:t `t:c suiiisuuc:t xccs su: l c:ctio: cù: c:vi:o::cuc:t c`:c:tis
sgc c:ggc:t ou: tous lcs clcvcs
l: illcu:s, cc u:quc c`c:ggcuc:t cst :o: sculcuc:t ssocic u: ict:c
:c:ccuc:t, uis il :c:voic cglcuc:t u: ut:c |c:ouc:c lcs clcvcs qui so:t
ul cisoscs c:vc:s l`ccolc :isquc:t cglcuc:t l`vc:i: cc s`c:ggc: uoi:s
quc lcs ut:cs c:s ccs ctivitcs c`:c:tissgc lì:tc:icu: ou l`cxtc:icu: ccs
ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t
3TRATGIESDAPPRENTISSAGE
Matrise du processus dàpprentissage
lcs clcvcs :c t:itc:t s ssivcuc:t lcs i:io:utio:s quìls :coivc:t lls :ticic:t
ctivcuc:t u :occssus c`:c:tissgc c: co:st:uis:t cu sc:s quìls io::c:t
:ti: cc lcu:s :o:cs cquis ct lcu:s :ouvcllcs cxc:ic:ccs lcs clcvcs qui
o:t l icultc cc uit:isc: lcu: :o:c :c:tissgc so:t c|lcs cc sc iixc: ccs
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ou: o:ic:tc: lcu: :c:tissgc ct c|oisi: lcs st:tcgics qui co:vic::c:t lc uicux l
tc|c quìls coivc:t uc:c: |ic: Alo:s quc lc ccvclocuc:t cc ccs couctc:ccs
ct cc ccs ttituccs :` s tou|ou:s ctc u:c :io:itc cxlicitc cc l`c:scig:cuc:t,
u|ou:c`|ui, cllcs so:t cc lus c: lus co:sicc:ccs couuc u: o||cctii iuo:t:t cc
l scol:istio: A cc tit:c, cllcs coivc:t cglcuc:t `t:c co:sicc:ccs couuc u: ccs
:csultts iuo:t:ts cu :occssus c`:c:tissgc
laralyc rc c|nc/ a
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1!0
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, :vc:i:, il :c suiiit s c``t:c c|lc cc ucuo:isc: cc :ouvcllcs i:io:u
tio:s ll iut ussi ouvoi: ct|li: ccs :cltio:s c:t:c lcs :ouvcllcs :otio:s ct
lcs co::iss:ccs cxist:tcs ct cctc:ui:c: couuc:t utilisc: lcs cquis c:s lc
uo:cc :ccl lcs clcvcs :cussissc:t uicux o:g:isc: lcu: :o:c :c:tissgc
sìls cou:c::c:t |ic: lcs st:tcgics c`:c:tissgc lcs :c::ts c:io:
u:ts o:t l icultc c`cxloitc: u: :sc:l cc st:tcgics ciiicccs |o: cscic:t
ct vcc toutc l soulcssc :cquisc l: :cv:c|c, il :it souvc:t quc ccux
qui c:ouvc:t ccs ciiiicultcs sc liv:c: sculs l`:c:tissgc :ò:t s cccs
ccs st:tcgics ciiicccs lcu: c:uctt:t cc icilitc: ct cc co:t:lc: lcu: :c:
tissgc ou :c :cussissc:t s c|oisi: u:c st:tcgic c: ccqutio: vcc l tc|c
quìls coivc:t ccouli:
lo:s cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA, lcs clcvcs o:t ctc i:tc::ogcs su: lc :occssus
c`:c:tissgc D: i:cicc ccs st:tcgics cùto:cgultio: cc l`:c:tissgc
ctc cl|o:c su: l |sc ccs :co:scs ccs clcvcs ccs qucstio:s co:cc:::t
l i:cquc:cc cc cc:ti:cs :oc|cs qu:c ils ctucic:t c couuc:cc :
cctc:ui:c: cxctcuc:t cc quc |ì |csoi: c`:c:c:c , `cssic cc :cc:c:
lcs :otio:s quc |c :ì s c:co:c |ic: cou:iscs , Qu:c |c :c cou:c:cs s
quclquc c|osc, |c c|c:c|c ccs i:io:utio:s coulcuc:ti:cs , c uò|ligc
vc:iiic: quc |ì :ctc:u cc quc |ì :is ct c u`ssu:c cc |ic: :ctc:i: lcs
clcuc:ts lcs lus iuo:t:ts D: i:cicc couositc ctc cl|o:c c: tt:i|u:t l
vlcu: 0 u sco:c uo,c: cc l`c:scu|lc ccs ,s ct l vlcu: 1 l`cc:t t,c ;voi:
l`::cxc A1 ou: l ccii:itio: cc lì:cicc ct lcs :cic:c:ccs u cc:c co:cctucl
cc ccluici, lcs vlcu:s ositivcs cc cct i:cicc i:ciquc:t quc lcs clcvcs utilisc:t
ccs st:tcgics lus souvc:t quc l uo,c::c cc l`Dl
l iigu:c +. cou:c lcs ,s su: l |sc ccs :co:scs ccs clcvcs cc 1. :s ux
qucstio:s o:t:t su: l`lictio: cc st:tcgics cùto:cgultio: c:s l`:c:tissgc
lc sco:c uo,c: lì:cicc ccs st:tcgics cùto:cgultio: v:ic io:tcuc:t c`cst
c: Allcug:c, c: Aut:ic|c, c: lo:g:ic, c: ltlic, u lo:tugl ct c: kcu|liquc
tc|cquc quc lcs clcvcs :o:tc:t lc lus souvc:t quìls :ccou:c:t ccs st:tcgics
cùto:cgultio: lcs clcvcs :cco::issc:t lcs liquc: lc lus ::cuc:t c: o:cc,
c: li:l:cc, c: lsl:cc ct c: :o:vcgc ;t|lcu +.,
lc :ccou:s ccs st:tcgics cùto:cgultio: cc toutc cvicc:cc u:c i:iluc:cc
Au sci: cc c|quc ,s, lc sco:c :clisc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c
|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cu llA : lcs clcvcs qui cccl:c:t lcs liquc: souvc:t
cst suc:icu: u sco:c quò|tic::c:t ccux qui :c lcs liquc:t s souvc:t
uùc sìl :c cut `t:c ct|li quc lcs st:tcgics c`:c:tissgc .oo.
lùclio:tio: cc l c:io:u:cc l`ssocitio: cst lus u:qucc c: Aust:lic,
c: :ouvcllcZcl:cc ct u lo:tugl, ou lcs clcvcs clsscs c:s lc qu:tilc
suc:icu: sclo: lì:cicc cc st:tcgics c`:c:tissgc so:t c: uo,c::c sc:cs
cù: :ivcu cc couctc:cc coulct ccs clcvcs cu qu:tilc i:ic:icu: l:
:o:t l uo,c::c cc l`Dl, .! oi:ts sc:c:t lcs qu:tilcs i:ic:icu:
ct suc:icu: l: tc:ucs :cltiis, u:c ciiic:c:cc cù:c u:itc lì:cicc co:
.cr ./o//ar/ lc
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:ticulic:cs ccs tc|cs quìls o:t ccouli: lcs ct|lisscuc:ts ou::ic:t
ccvoi: sc :coccuc: lus cxlicitcuc:t ccs st:tcgics g:cc uxqucllcs lcs
clcvcs cuvc:t gc:c: ct uit:isc: lcu: :c:tissgc ii: cc lcs icc: tous
cl|o:c: ccs st:tcgics ciiicccs, :o: sculcuc:t lùi cc lcu: :c:tissgc
scoli:c uis ussi ou: lcu: o:tc: lcs i:st:uuc:ts co:t ils u:o:t |csoi:
ou: gc:c: lcu: :c:tissgc lus t:c c:s l vic
Mmorisation et Iaboration
lcs st:tcgics cc ucuo:istio: ;li:c ccs :otio:s voix |utc lusicu:s
:c:iscs ct :c:c:c lcs tc:ucs clcs, : cxculc, so:t iuo:t:tcs ou: cc
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sc:ttio:s uot ou: uot ccs co::iss:ccs lllcs co:cuisc:t souvc:t lcs
clcvcs ucuo:isc: cc :ouvcllcs i:io:utio:s :cs u: t:itcuc:t ui:iuc i
lò||cctii cc l`:c::t cst c``t:c c|lc cc :ct:ouvc: lcs i:io:utio:s tcllcs
qu`cllcs so:t :csc:tccs, l ucuo:istio: cst u:c st:tcgic :o:icc cc:
c:t, cc : cou: uc:c ::cuc:t su: l voic cc l cou:c|c:sio: l: ciict,
lcs :c::ts coivc:t i:tcg:c: lcs :ouvcllcs :otio:s c:s lcu:s cquis ou:
lcs cou:c:c:c lcs st:tcgics c`cl|o:tio: ;cccouv:i: c: quoi lcs :ouvcllcs
:otio:s so:t liccs ccs co::iss:ccs cquiscs c:s cùt:cs co:tcxtcs ct sc
ccu:cc: couuc:t liquc: ccs :ouvcllcs :otio:s c:s cùt:cs co:tcxtcs,
: cxculc, cuvc:t `t:c utilisccs cct ciict
ll ctc ccu:cc ux clcvcs cc :co:c:c ccs qucstio:s scciiiqucs su:
lcu: utilistio: cc st:tcgics cc ucuo:istio: ct c`cl|o:tio: u: |sc
cc lcu:s :co:scs, u: i:cicc ctc cl|o:c ou: c|cu:c cc ccs st:tcgics
c`:c:tissgc lì:cicc cc ucuo:istio: cst cccuit ccs :co:scs ccs clcvcs
ccs qucstio:s co:cc:::t l i:cquc:cc cc ccs :oc|cs lo:squìls ctucic:t
`cssic cc ucuo:isc: tout cc qui coit `t:c vu , c ucuo:isc tout cc
qui cst :ouvcu, cc u:ic:c svoi: lc :ccitc: ct c u`c:t:i:c c: uc
:cct:t lc su|ct lusicu:s iois cc suitc lì:cicc c`cl|o:tio: cst cccuit ccs
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lo:squìls ctucic:t `cssic cc uicux cou:c:c:c lc co:tc:u c: lc uctt:t
c: :cltio: vcc cc quc |c sis cc| , `cssic cc ii:c lc lic: c:t:c lcs
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ccii:itio: cc lì:cicc ct lcs :cic:c:ccs u cc:c co:cctucl cc ccluici, lcs
i:ciccs so:t co:us cc so:tc quc l vlcu: uo,c::c ccs ,s soit cglc 0
ct l`cc:t t,c 1
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A
B
Qu:tilc suc:icu:
Qu:tilc suc:icu:
Qu:tilc suc:icu:
Qu:tilc suc:icu: I:oisicuc qu:tilc
I:oisicuc qu:tilc
I:oisicuc qu:tilc
I:oisicuc qu:tilc Dcuxicuc qu:tilc
Dcuxicuc qu:tilc
Dcuxicuc qu:tilc
Dcuxicuc qu:tilc Qu:tilc i:ic:icu:
Qu:tilc i:ic:icu:
Qu:tilc i:ic:icu:
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1!!
lùtilistio: i:cquc:tc cc st:tcgics c`cl|o:tio: tc:c:cc `t:c licc l
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l`v:tgc :c:t lic l`lictio: cc ccs st:tcgics v:ic g::ccuc:t lc
qu:tilc suc:icu: ccs clcvcs cst sc:c cc o1 oi:ts ;soit :cs cù: :ivcu cc
couctc:cc, cu qu:tilc i:ic:icu: u lo:tugl, cc o0 oi:ts c: o:cc ct cc
.1 oi:ts c: Allcug:c, uis cc uoi:s cc !. oi:ts c: lclgiquc ;ouuu:utc
ilu:cc,, ux lttsD:is, c: l:l:cc, c: ltlic, c: :ouvcllcZcl:cc ct ux
l,sls
1+
;voi: t|lcu +,
l`:l,sc cc l :cltio: o|sc:vcc c:t:c lùtilistio: ccs st:tcgics cc ucuo:istio: ct
lcs c:io:u:ccs :clisccs : lcs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it :ocuit ccs :csultts uitigcs lcs clcvcs cu qu:tilc suc:icu: cc lì:cicc
:clisc:t ccs c:io:u:ccs suc:icu:cs ccllcs ccs clcvcs cu qu:tilc i:ic:icu:
c:s 11 ,s, ci:q ,s :csc:tc:t l`ciict i:vc:sc ct, c:s lcs ,s :cst:ts, lcs
cc:ts :c so:t s sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictiis ;t|lcu +o,
l`c:scu|lc cc ccs co::ccs i:ciquc quc lcs st:tcgics c`cl|o:tio: so:t lus
ct:oitcuc:t liccs ux c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs lllcs cuvc:t co:c sc :cvclc:
lus iuo:t:tcs quc lcs st:tcgics lus ci:cctcs cc ucuo:istio: uxqucllcs
lcs clcvcs :ccou:c:t :iois cc u:ic:c lus i:tuitivc A l luuic:c cc ccs :csul
tts, il cst cli: quc lcs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t ccv:ic:t icc: lcs clcvcs
cou:c:c:c ct ccvcloc: lcs st:tcgics qui lcu: c:uctt:o:t cùclio:c:
lcu: :c:tissgc, couuc c:s lc cs ccs st:tcgics cùto:cgultio: cttc
ssist:cc o:tc: scs i:uits c:c:t l scol:istio:, uis cllc sc: :o||lc
uc:t c:co:c lus |c:ciiquc ux clcvcs ultc:icu:cuc:t, l`gc cultc, lo:squìls
:tiquc:o:t l`:c:tissgc s:s c:cc:cuc:t ou :csquc lci c:co:c, o: :c
cut ti:c: cc co:clusio:s qu` l luuic:c cu co:tcxtc cultu:cl ct ccuctii :cs
cctii ccs ,s co:cc::cs
Apprentissage comptitif et en coIIaboration
A l`gc cultc, l`:c:tissgc sì:sc:it lc lus souvc:t c:s ccs ci:co:st:ccs
c:s lcsqucllcs lcs i:civicus coll|o:c:t ct ccc:cc:t lcs u:s ccs ut:cs
Du::t l scol:istio:, c: :ticulic: ux :ivcux scco:ci:c ct tc:tii:c, il sc
cc:oulc i:cqucuuc:t c:s lìsolcuc:t, c:s lc co:tcxtc cc l :c:tio: u:c
cvlutio: couctitivc lic: quc ccs ccux io:ucs c`:c:tissgc uissc:t `t:c
co:ilictucllcs, cllcs cuvc:t toutcs ccux co:cui:c ccs c:io:u:ccs clcvccs
lcs :csultts cu c,clc llA !000 i:ciquc:t quc ccs ccux t,cs c`:c:tissgc
cuvc:t uclio:c: g::ccuc:t l`ciiiccitc cc l`:c:tissgc ou: ut:t quìls
soic:t c:visgcs sous l`:glc cc l coulcuc:t:itc
l`:c:tissgc couctitii ct l`:c:tissgc c: coll|o:tio: io:t lò||ct cc
ccux i:ciccs cisti:cts lì:cicc c`:c:tissgc c: coll|o:tio: ctc cccuit
ccs :cctio:s ccs clcvcs ux :oositio:s ìuc t:villc: vcc cùt:cs
clcvcs , ìuc icc: cùt:cs c:so::cs ii:c cu |o: t:vil c: g:ouc ,
lt//l/a//or ac /|a/cq/c
aclabo|a//or a /craar.c
a c/|c l/cc a la
c|jo|nar.c a| trc
|cla//or o///vc.
.na/ lc |ctl/a/ or/
lt n///qc ot| lc
/|a/cq/c ac
ncno|/a//or
lc c/abl/cncr/
acrc/qrcncr/ acv|a/cr/
a/ac| lc clcvc a
.on|cra|c c/ a
acvcloc| ac /|a/cq/c
aat/o|cqtla//or ac lct|
a|cr//aqc
la|cr//aqc
.onc////j c/
la|cr//aqc cr
.ollabo|a//or ctvcr/
c/|c .onlcncr/a/|c
1!+
`:c:cs lc lus qu:c |c t:villc vcc cùt:cs clcvcs ct c iis u:
ucillcu: t:vil qu:c |c t:villc vcc cùt:cs clcvcs lì:cicc c`:c:tis
sgc couctitii ctc cccuit ccs :cctio:s ccs clcvcs ux :oositio:s ìuc
css,c: c``t:c ucillcu: quc lcs ut:cs , c vouc:is `t:c lc ucillcu: c: qucl
quc c|osc , c t:villc |ic: qu:c |`cssic c``t:c ucillcu: quc lcs ut:cs
ct `:c:cs lus vitc qu:c |`cssic cc ii:c uicux quc lcs ut:cs ll iut
:otc: ici quc lcs clcvcs vic:t l ossi|ilitc cc co::c: ccs :co:scs iii:utivcs
ou :cgtivcs cisti:ctcs ux ccux sc:ics cc qucstio:s lì:cicc ctc cl|o:c c:
tt:i|u:t l vlcu: 0 u sco:c uo,c: cc l`c:scu|lc ccs ,s ct l vlcu: 1
l`cc:t t,c ;voi: l`::cxc A1 ou: l ccii:itio: cc lì:cicc ct lcs :cic:c:ccs u
cc:c co:cctucl cc ccluici,
lcs vlcu:s uo,c::cs cc ccs i:ciccs so:t :csc:tccs l iigu:c + ct ccs
co::ccs coulcuc:ti:cs c:s lcs t|lcux + ct +- lcs :co:scs ccs clcvcs
cu D:cu:|, ccs lttsD:is, cc l :ouvcllcZcl:cc ct cu lo:tugl co::c:t
licu ccs vlcu:s clcvccs sclo: lì:cicc c`:c:tissgc c: coll|o:tio: l:
co:t:stc, lcs clcvcs cc o:cc so:t cxlicitcuc:t :cgtiis u su|ct cc l`:c:
tissgc c: coll|o:tio: ct cc l`:c:tissgc couctitii, quoiquc lcu: ositio:
soit uoi:s t::c|cc : :o:t l`:c:tissgc couctitii
l co::cltio: c:t:c ccs ccux io:ucs c`:c:tissgc ct l c:io:u:cc su:
l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it tc:c:cc `t:c ositivc,
quoiquc l :cltio: soit lus u:iicstc ou: l`:c:tissgc couctitii quc ou:
l`:c:tissgc c: coll|o:tio: l: uo,c::c, !! oi:ts su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc
cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it sc:c:t lcs clcvcs ccs qu:tilcs suc:icu: ct
i:ic:icu: lì:cicc cc l`:c:tissgc c: coll|o:tio: c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl
;vcc u: cc:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictii c:s !0 ,s su: !., l: :o:t
l`:c:tissgc couctitii, l`cc:t uo,c: s`clcvc !! oi:ts ;ct cst sttistiquc
uc:t sig:iiictii c:s !0 ,s,
lcs clcvcs qui :cic:c:t l`:c:tissgc c: coll|o:tio: tc:cc:t :clisc: cc
ucillcu:cs c:io:u:ccs quc ccux qui :c lui vouc:t ucu:c s,ut|ic ll c: v
cc uùc ou: ccux qui :ivilcgic:t l`:c:tissgc couctitii Auccl cc ccl,
il , u:c tc:c:cc gc:c:lc ou: ccux qui iuc:t l`:c:tissgc cooc:tii
:ccic: ussi l`:c:tissgc couctitii ct cut`t:c o:tils u:c |o::c ciso
sitio: qu:t l`:c:tissgc c: gc:c:l cttc tc:c:cc co::c c:sc: quc
lcs :c::ts ctiis :ccou:c:t ux ccux st:tcgics sclo: lcs ci:co:st:ccs ct
:c sc co:tc:tc:t s cù:c sculc st:tcgic qui :isquc cìllcu:s cc :``t:c s l
ucillcu:c ou: ii:c icc l situtio: Dcs :cc|c:c|cs coulcuc:ti:cs so:t
:cccssi:cs ou: ouvoi: :l,sc: ccs sccts lus c: cctil
,INFORMATIQUEAUSERVICEDELAPPRENTISSAGE
lcs cco:ouics ccs ,s cc l`Dl ccc:cc:t cc lus c: lus ccs co::is
s:ccs ct couctc:ccs cc l ui:còuv:c c: i:io:utiquc lcs clcvcs qui
so:t cu ou s iuili:iscs vcc lcs o:ci:tcu:s ct lì:io:utiquc :isquc:t
c`c:ouvc: ccs ciiiicultcs ou: c:t:c: su: lc u:c|c cu t:vil uocc::c
/ar lt/ct| ay lc
clcvc jor/ c/a/ ac
|a//tc |clcvar/ ac
la|cr//aqc cr
.ollabo|a//or a/r/ tc
ac la|cr//aqc
.onc////j.
.c/ la .o||cla//or cr/|c
.c actx jo|nc
aa|cr//aqc c/ la
c|jo|nar.c /cra a c/|c
o///vc.
.aorrar/ a crc| tc
lc a|crar/ a.//j
|c.ot|cr/ atx actx
/|a/cq/c clor lc
./|.or/ar.c
-tot|a/t/ lc
.orra/ar.c c/ .onc/cr.c
cr /rjo|na//tc or/
/ra/crablc
1!.
A lòccsio: cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000, t:ois sccts c:ti:c:ts c:s
lc co:tcxtc cc l iuili:itc ccs |cu:cs cc 1. :s vcc lì:io:utiquc o:t
ctc ctucics lì:tc:`t ccs clcvcs ou: lì:io:utiquc, lcu: co:cctio: cc lcu:
ccitc sc sc:vi: cù: o:ci:tcu: ct lcu: :tiquc cc lì:io:utiquc cttc
c:qu`tc ctc cui:ist:cc u tit:c còtio: i:tc::tio:lc ct !0 ccs !! ,s
:tici:t u llA , o:t :is :t
1.
l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs 1o ,s cc l`Dl qui o:t iit lò||ct cc ccttc ctucc,
o. ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs cisc:t sc sc:vi: cù: o:ci:tcu: :cc quc ccl lcs
i:tc:cssc |cucou cttc :oo:tio: :c ccscc:c sous l |::c ccs .0 ou: cc:t
c:s ucu: ,s ;voi: .oc..1c. ou: lcs co::ccs, lls so:t c: uo,c::c
o0 ou: cc:t co:sicc:c: quc t:villc: su: o:ci:tcu: cst t:cs iuo:t:t
l iigu:c + cou:c lcs ,s c: io:ctio: cù: i:cicc qui :csuuc lcs civc:scs
qucstio:s o:t:t su: lì:tc:`t ou: lì:io:utiquc lì:cicc ctc cl|o:c c:
tt:i|u:t l vlcu: 0 u sco:c uo,c: cc l`c:scu|lc ccs ,s ct l vlcu: 1
l`cc:t t,c ;voi: l`::cxc A1 ou: l ccii:itio: cc lì:cicc ct lcs :cic:c:ccs u
100 0.0 0 0.0 100 100 0.0 0 0.0 100
l:qurc =.?
A:c:tissgc c: coll|o:tio: ct couctitii
:co... lsc cc co::ccs llA cc l'Dl, !001 I|lcux + ct +-
i1... 1'o...o. . .c!!o/c.o.c i1... 1'o...o. .c...
Brsii
Iettonie
Iiechtenstein
Idration de Russie
rortugai
Danemark
Itats-unis
Nouveiie-Ziande
Iriande
Meique
Itaiie
Norvge
Austraiie
Iiniande
suisse
Rpubiique tchque
Autriche
Beigique ;ou ilu:cc,
Aiiemagne
sude
Isiande
Hongrie
Iuembourg
core
lnfrieur
a Ia moyenne
OCDE
Suprieur
a Ia moyenne
OCDE
lnfrieur
a Ia moyenne
OCDE
Suprieur
a Ia moyenne
OCDE
la nao|//c ac clcvc
/cno/qrc atr /r/c|c/
ot| l/rjo|na//tc
1!o
cc:c co:cctucl cc ccluici, lcs vlcu:s ositivcs cc lì:cicc i:ciquc:t quc
lcs clcvcs :cgissc:t souvc:t cc u:ic:c ositivc ux :oositio:s suiv:tcs
I:villc: su: o:ci:tcu: cst t:cs iuo:t:t ou: uoi , ouc: ou t:villc:
su: o:ci:tcu: cst t:cs g:c|lc , c uc sc:s cc lò:ci:tcu: :cc quc ccl
uì:tc:cssc |cucou ct Qu:c |c t:villc su: o:ci:tcu:, |c :c vois s lc
tcus ssc: l iigu:c uo:t:c lcs :csultts uo,c:s sclo: lì:cicc cì:tc:`t
ou: lì:io:utiquc
`cst c: Allcug:c, ux lttsD:is, u luxcu|ou:g ct u \cxiquc quc lcs
clcvcs u:iicstc:t lc lus g::c i:tc:`t ou: lì:io:utiquc l`cc:t c:t:c ccs
,s ct lc D:cu:| ct l :ouvcllcZcl:cc, lcs ccux ,s ou lì:tc:`t ou:
lì:io:utiquc cst lc lus ii|lc, :c:csc:tc lus cc l uoitic cù: cc:t t,c
;t|lcu +10,
D:s l lu:t ccs ,s, lcs g:o:s sì:tc:cssc:t |cucou lus quc lcs iillcs
lì:io:utiquc lcs lttsD:is io:t cxcctio: l :cglc, c: t:t lcs iillcs quc lcs
g:o:s , u:iicstc:t u: g::c i:tc:`t ou: lì:io:utiquc ;t|lcu +10,
.avc. ac a/jjc|cr.c
cr/|c ay.
100 0.0 000 0.0 100
lnfrieur
a Ia moyenne
OCDE
Suprieur
a Ia moyenne
OCDE
l:qurc =.J
l:tc:`t ou: l'i:io:utiquc
:co... lsc cc co::ccs llA cc l'Dl, !001 I|lcu +10
Itats-unis
Meique
sude
Hongrie
canada
Austraiie
Nouveiie-Ziande
Iettonie
Iiechtenstein
Idration de Russie
Rpubiique tchque
Danemark
Iiniande
Aiiemagne
Iriande
Iuembourg
suisse
Brsii
i1... 1'... co. !'.c.o.o.
.c/ cr/|c lc cxc
1!
lì:tc:`t ou: lì:io:utiquc cut `t:c u:c co:citio: .. oo c cc lùtilis
tio: ciiiccc cò:ci:tcu:s, uis l iuili:itc vcc lì:io:utiquc cst cglcuc:t
i:cisc:s|lc ou: quc ccttc utilistio: o:tc scs i:uits l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs
,s cc l`Dl, o- ou: cc:t ccs ,s sc cisc:t tout iit lìsc ou
lìsc ou: :ccigc: u: t:vil su: o:ci:tcu:, t:cis quc .. ou: cc:t sc cccl
:c:t tout iit lìsc ou lìsc ou: ssc: u: tcst su: o:ci:tcu: ;voi:
.oc..1c. ou: lcs co::ccs,
l iigu:c +- cou:c lcs ,s c: io:ctio: cù: i:cicc qui :csuuc lcs civc:scs
qucstio:s o:t:t su: lìs:cc ct c:cctio: ccs ccitcs c: i:io:utiquc
lì:cicc ctc cl|o:c c: tt:i|u:t l vlcu: 0 u sco:c uo,c: cc l`c:scu|lc
ccs ,s ct l vlcu: 1 l`cc:t t,c ;voi: l`::cxc A1 ou: l ccii:itio: cc lì:
cicc ct lcs :cic:c:ccs u cc:c co:cctucl cc ccluici, lcs vlcu:s ositivcs cc
lì:cicc i:ciquc:t quc souvc:t lcs clcvcs sc cccl:c:t c: cco:c vcc l :oosi
tio: suiv:tc I:villc: su: o:ci:tcu: cst t:cs iuo:t:t ou: uoi , quìls
cisc:t sc sc:ti: lìsc ou: :ccigc: u: t:vil su: o:ci:tcu: ct ssc: u: tcst
su: o:ci:tcu: ct quìls tic::c:t c: |o::c cstiuc lcu: ccitc sc sc:vi: cù:
o:ci:tcu: : cou:iso: vcc lcs ut:cs |cu:cs cc 1. :s ;t|lcu +11,
la nao|//c ac clcvc c
a// a la/c ot| /|ava/llc|
t| lo|a/ra/ct|
i1... 1. .c.o.. . c. . 1. .oo... ..,o. . .c.o.o.
100 0.0 000 0.0 100
lnfrieur
a Ia moyenne
OCDE
Suprieur
a Ia moyenne
OCDE
l:qurc =.9
o:ii:cc c: soi ct ccitc c:uc c: i:io:utiquc
Itats-unis
Meique
sude
Hongrie
canada
Austraiie
Nouveiie-Ziande
Iettonie
Brsii
Idration de Russie
Rpubiique tchque
Danemark
Iiniande
Aiiemagne
Iriande
Iuembourg
suisse
Iiechtenstein
Norvge
1!
lcs clcvcs qui sc situc:t u: oi:t lus clcvc su: lì:cicc cc lì:tc:`t ou:
lì:io:utiquc o:t tc:c:cc :clisc: cc ucillcu:cs c:io:u:ccs su: l`cc|cllc
cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cc:c:t, lì:tc::cttio: cc ccttc
:cltio: coit ii:c lò||ct cc l lus g::cc :ucc:cc c: :o: sculcuc:t lcs
co::ccs su: lc sc:s cc ccttc :cltio: io:t cciut, uis ussi :cc quc ccs ictcu:s
tic:s cuvc:t i:tc:vc:i: : cxculc, ccs clcvcs issus cù: uilicu lus :osc:c
ou cisos:t cc cv:tgc còutils cicctiqucs l uiso: ou l`ccolc o:t lus
iscuc:t cccs ux o:ci:tcu:s ct so:t co:c lus i:tc:csscs : lì:io:utiquc
l: quoi lùtilistio: cù: o:ci:tcu: tcllc u: :o:t vcc l`ccolc l: uo,c::c,
c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, o0 ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs cc 1. :s sc sc:vc:t cù:
o:ci:tcu: l uiso: :csquc c|quc |ou: ou u uoi:s quclqucs iois : scui:c
c c|iii:c v:ic cc !1 ou: cc:t u \cxiquc, +! ou: cc:t c: lo:g:ic ct +. ou:
cc:t c: kcu|liquc tc|cquc lus cc 0 ou: cc:t c: Aust:lic, u :c, c:
:o:vcgc ct c: uccc ;voi: .oc..1c. ou: lcs co::ccs, lc ou:cc:tgc
c`clcvcs qui sc sc:vc:t cù: o:ci:tcu: l`ccolc :csquc c|quc |ou: ou u
uoi:s quclqucs iois : scui:c cst |ic: i:ic:icu:, cc lò:c:c cc !o ou: cc:t
c: uo,c::c c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl lls so:t cc 1. ou: cc:t c: Allcug:c
.. ou: cc:t u uoi:s u D:cu:|, c: lo:g:ic ct u ko,uucD:i
l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, u: qu:t ccs clcvcs sc sc:vc:t cù: o:ci
:tcu: c|quc |ou: ou: ccccc: l:tc::ct ct u: ut:c qu:t, quclqucs iois :
scui:c u uoi:s
1o
`cst u :c ct c: uccc quc lùtilistio: c`l:tc::ct cst
l lus i:cquc:tc +o ct + ou: cc:t c`clcvcs sc sc:vc:t cù: o:ci:tcu: :csquc
c|quc |ou: ou: ccccc: l:tc::ct l: uo,c::c, +! ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs utili
sc:t u: o:ci:tcu: :csquc c|quc |ou: ou quclqucs iois : scui:c u uoi:s
ou: ccs couuu:ictio:s clcct:o:iqucs, t:cis quc !0 ou: cc:t s`c: sc:vc:t
ou: :c:c:c ccs utic:cs scoli:cs ;voi: .oc..1c. ou: lcs co::ccs,
lic: quc lì:tcg:tio: cc lì:io:utiquc c:s lc :occssus c`c:scig:cuc:t ct
c`:c:tissgc soit :og:cssivc ;lclg:uu ct A:cc:so:, 1---,, lcs :csultts cu
c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000 uo:t:c:t quc lòutil i:io:utiquc i:tc:cssc cc|
lcs |cu:cs cc 1. :s ct quc :ou|:cux so:t ccux qui sc sc:vc:t cou:uuc:t
cù: o:ci:tcu: s:s l uoi:c:c ciiiicultc
#ONCLUSIONS
Au|ou:c`|ui, tous s`cco:cc:t :cco::it:c quc l`:c:tissgc tout u lo:g cc
l vic cst u: |csoi: uqucl l olitiquc ccuctivc co:tcuo:i:c coit :co:c:c
cc lus c: lus c |csoi: soulcvc ccs qucstio:s iuo:t:tcs qui o:t t:it :o:
sculcuc:t ux occsio:s ct ossi|ilitcs c`:c:c:c c: tout tcus, uis cglc
uc:t u ccvclocuc:t ccs ccitcs c:so::cllcs qui so:t i:cisc:s|lcs ou:
c:uctt:c ux i:civicus cc ti:c: :ti cc ccs ossi|ilitcs
Dcvcloc: l :ccisositio: vouloi: :c:c:c ct l ccitc cc lc ii:c ciiic
ccuc:t so:t ccs o||cctiis iuo:t:ts cc l scol:istio: cs ccux sccts so:t
cìllcu:s cc lus c: lus cxlicitcs c:s lcs olitiqucs :tio:lcs c: utic:c
l/r/c|c/ ot|
l/rjo|na//tc c/ ao./c
a ac nc/llct|c
c|jo|nar.c cr
na/ /l aq// atrc
|cla//or .onlcxc
la nao|//c ac clcvc c
c|/ |cqtl/c|cncr/ atr
o|a/ra/ct| a la na/or c/
a lc.olc.
.c/ aar .c|/a/r ay
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c`c:scig:cuc:t lcs clcvcs qui, u so:ti: cc l`ccolc, o:t u: cc:ti: sc:s cc
lùto:ouic, i:cisc:s|lc ou: sc iixc: ccs o||cctiis c: utic:c c`:c:tis
sgc, ct o:t lìu:cssio: quìls so:t c: ucsu:c cc lcs ttci:c:c so:t susccti|lcs
c`:c:c:c tout u lo:g cc lcu: vic l uotivtio: ct l`c:ggcuc:t cuvc:t
ussi iicctc: l qulitc cc vic ccs clcvcs c:c:t lcu: colcscc:cc ct lcu: :cus
sitc c:s lcu:s ctuccs ultc:icu:cs ou c:s lcu: c::ic:c :oicssio::cllc
lcs :csultts cu llA uo:t:c:t quc lcs clcvcs qui so:t lcs lus susccti|lcs cc
ucuo:isc: ccs i:io:utio:s :ò|tic::c:t s tou|ou:s lcs ucillcu:s :csultts,
uis quc ccux qui t:itc:t lì:io:utio: ct utilisc:t ccs st:tcgics c`cl|o:tio:
:cussissc:t uicux l:ii:, lc llA :c co::c ucu:c i:cictio: qu:t l suc:io
:itc cvc:tucllc soit cc l`:c:tissgc c: coll|o:tio:, soit cc l`:c:tissgc
couctitii lcs :csultts suggc:c:t ccc:c:t quc lcs ccux st:tcgics cuvc:t
sc coulctc: ou: co:t:i|uc: :clcvc: lc :ivcu cc c:io:u:cc :otuuc:t,
ct:t co::c quc lc :ccou:s l`:c:tissgc c: coll|o:tio: ccc:c c: g::cc
:tic cc l u:ic:c co:t lcs ossi|ilitcs c`:c:tissgc so:t o:g:isccs u sci:
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts scoli:cs, ccs :csultts so:t cciii:ts t:t ou: lcs olitiqucs
quc ou: l :tiquc ccuctivcs
Ioutciois, il :`cst guc:c stisiis:t cc co:sttc: qu`c: ccit ccs i:vcstisscuc:ts
co:sicc:|lcs co:sc:tis : tous lcs ,s c:s l`c:scig:cuc:t, u:c ui:o:itc
sig:iiictivc c`clcvcs iiic|c:t ccs ttituccs :cgtivcs visvis cc l`ccolc ct
:csc:tc:t u: u:quc c`c:ggcuc:t so: cg:c, |ic: quc ccl uissc `t:c
iuut|lc c: :tic l`gc cc l oultio: cvlucc c u:quc c`c:ggcuc:t
cst :o: sculcuc:t ssocic u: ict:c :c:ccuc:t, uis il :c:voic ussi u: ut:c
|c:ouc:c lcs clcvcs qui so:t ul cisoscs c:vc:s l`ccolc :isquc:t cglcuc:t
l`vc:i: cc s`c:ggc: uoi:s quc lcs ut:cs c:s ccs ctivitcs c`:c:tissgc,
quc cc soit lì:tc:icu: ou l`cxtc:icu: cu cc:c scoli:c
lc cc|t su: l :tu:c :ccisc ccs :cltio:s c:t:c lcs v:i|lcs :csc:tccs c:s
cc c|it:c :cv`t u:c cc:ti:c iuo:t:cc su: lc l: t|co:iquc uis s o:tcc
:tiquc cst liuitcc l`ciiiccitc ccs st:tcgics c`:c:tissgc, ccs c:io:u:ccs
clcvccs ct lcs ttituccs ositivcs vo:t cc i: lcs clcvcs iuc:t lcs c|oscs quìls
io:t |ic: ct io:t |ic: lcs c|oscs quìls iuc:t lcs ct|lisscuc:ts ct lcs s,stcucs
c`c:scig:cuc:t coivc:t vcillc: l iois l c:io:u:cc ct l stisictio: ct :c
cuvc:t :c:c:c lc :isquc cc :ivilcgic: lù:c ccs ccux, co:vi:cus quc lùt:c
suiv: l co:|o:ctio: cc ccs ccux sccts c:uct cc |ctc: lcs |scs cù: c:ggc
uc:t :ocuctii l`cg:c cc l`:c:tissgc ou: l vic
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.OTES
1 l:ui lcs !. ,s :tici:t lòtio: i:tc::tio:lc su: lcs ttituccs ccs clcvcs : :o:t l`:c:tissgc ct lcu:
co:ii:cc c: lcu:s :o:cs ccitcs, il , vit !0 ,s \cu|:cs cc l`Dl l uo,c::c cc l`Dl iit cxclusivcuc:t
:cic:c:cc ccs ,s lcs co::ccs :cltivcs l lclgiquc io:t u:iqucuc:t :cic:c:cc l ouuu:utc ilu:cc
! lcs cc|cllcs couo:tic:t lcs ctcgo:ics cc :co:sc s c`cco:c , s tout iit c`cco:c , lutt c`cco:c ct
c`cco:c
! D:s tous lcs ,s sui lc \cxiquc, l`cc:t cc c:io:u:cc c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it qui sc:c lcs clcvcs ccs qu:tilcs
suc:icu: ct i:ic:icu: cc lì:cicc cì:tc:`t ou: l lcctu:c cst sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictii cc:c:t, l :cltio: c:t:c
qu:tilcs co:sccutiis :`cst s ussi u:iicstc, tcl oi:t quò: o|sc:vc ccs i:vc:sio:s c:t:c qu:tilcs c:s cc:ti:s ,s
+ cttc cstiutio: cst o|tc:uc :ti: ccs cociiicic:ts cc :cg:cssio: :o: :o:uliscs cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su:
l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it : :o:t lì:cicc llA cc lì:tc:`t ou: l lcctu:c cs cociiicic:ts
i:ciquc:t l`cc:t cc c:io:u:cc c: lcctu:c ssocic u:c :og:cssio: cù:c u:itc ;c`cstci:c u: cc:t t,c, cc lì:cicc
llA cc lì:tc:`t ou: l lcctu:c l :cltio: cst sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivc c:s tous lcs ,s lou: lcs ,s cc l`Dl,
ccttc :cltio: cxliquc 10 ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: glo|lc ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs ;voi: ::cxc A!,
. cttc cc|cllc ct lcs ut:cs cc|cllcs uxqucllcs iit :cic:c:cc cc :g:|c couo:tic:t lcs ctcgo:ics cc :co:sc s
c`cco:c , s tout iit c`cco:c , lutt c`cco:c ct c`cco:c
o D:s tous lcs ,s sui u licc|tc:stci:, u luxcu|ou:g, u \cxiquc ct c: uissc, l`cc:t cc c:io:u:cc c: cultu:c
ut|cutiquc qui sc:c lcs clcvcs ccs qu:tilcs suc:icu: ct i:ic:icu: cc lì:cicc cì:tc:`t ou: lcs ut|cutiqucs cst
sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictii cc:c:t, l :cltio: c:t:c qu:tilcs co:sccutiis :`cst s ussi u:iicstc, tcl oi:t quò:
o|sc:vc ccs i:vc:sio:s c:t:c qu:tilcs c:s cc:ti:s ,s
ll s`git ccs clcvcs qui ctic:t c`cco:c ou tout iit c`cco:c vcc lìii:utio: c :c lis quc ou: t:ouvc: lcs i:io:utio:s
co:t |ì |csoi: su: u:c cc|cllc co:t lcs ctcgo:ics cc :co:sc ctic:t s cu tout c`cco:c , s c`cco:c , c`cco:c
ct tout iit c`cco:c
lcs ctcgo:ics cc :co:sc su: ccttc cc|cllc ctic:t s cu tout c`cco:c , s c`cco:c , c`cco:c ct tout iit
c`cco:c
- D:s tous lcs ,s, l`cc:t cc c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it qui sc:c lcs clcvcs ccs
qu:tilcs suc:icu: ct i:ic:icu: cc lì:cicc c`c:ggcuc:t ou: l lcctu:c cst sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictii cc:c:t, l
:cltio: c:t:c qu:tilcs co:sccutiis :`cst s ussi u:iicstc, tcl oi:t quò: o|sc:vc ccs i:vc:sio:s c:t:c qu:tilcs c:s
cc:ti:s ,s lcs cociiicic:ts cc :cg:cssio: :o: :o:uliscs so:t cux ussi sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictiis c:s tous lcs ,s
10 lcs ctcgo:ics cc :co:sc su: ccttc cc|cllc ctic:t |c :c lis s ou: uo: lisi: , |c lis uoi:s cù:c ccui|cu:c :
|ou: , c:t:c u:c ccui|cu:c ct u:c |cu:c : |ou: , 1 ! |cu:cs : |ou: ct lus cc ccux |cu:cs : |ou:
11 lcs ctcgo:ics cc :co:sc su: ccttc cc|cllc ctic:t s cu tout c`cco:c , s c`cco:c , c`cco:c ct tout iit
c`cco:c
1! lcs ctcgo:ics cc :co:sc su: ccttc cc|cllc ctic:t s cu tout c`cco:c , s c`cco:c , c`cco:c ct tout iit
c`cco:c
1! lou: lcs ,s cc l`Dl, ccttc :cltio: cxliquc c: uo,c::c +o ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: glo|lc ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs
1+ l: lclgiquc ;ouuu:utc ilu:cc,, ux lttsD:is ct ux l,sls, lcs cc:ts :c so:t s sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictiis
1. l:ui lcs !0 ,s :tici:t lòtio: i:tc::tio:lc su: l iuili:itc vcc lì:io:utiquc, il , vit 1o ,s \cu|:cs cc
l`Dl l uo,c::c cc l`Dl iit cxclusivcuc:t :cic:c:cc ccs ,s
1o lcs ctcgo:ics cc :co:sc su: lcs cc|cllcs uxqucllcs ccttc scctio: iit :cic:c:cc ctic:t :csquc c|quc |ou: , lusicu:s
iois : scui:c , c:t:c u:c iois : scui:c ct u:c iois : uois , uoi:s cù:c iois : uois ct |uis
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sc cou|lc: vcc cc lus c: lus cc succcs lcs icuucs lus |cu:cs o:t |cucou
lus cc c|:ccs cò|tc:i: u: ciluc c`c:scig:cuc:t tc:tii:c quc lcs icuucs
il , t:c:tc :s D:s 1 ccs !- ,s cc l`Dl ou: lcsqucls lcs co::ccs so:t
cou:|lcs, lcs icuucs cc !. !+ :s so:t ccux iois lus :ou|:cuscs quc ccllcs
cc .. o+ :s voi: ttci:t lc :ivcu tc:tii:c Au|ou:c`|ui, lc tux cò|tc:tio:
cc cilucs u:ivc:siti:cs ccs icuucs cst cgl ou suc:icu: cclui ccs |ouucs
c:s 1 ccs !. ,s cc l`Dl ou: lcsqucls ccs co::ccs cou:|lcs so:t
ciso:i|lcs ;Dl, !001,
lo:cc cst ou:t:t cc co:sttc: quc lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c lcs scxcs :cstc:t u:quccs
c:s l`c:scig:cuc:t tc:tii:c, c: :ticulic: c:s cc:ti:cs utic:cs D:s lcs ,s
cc l`Dl, uoi:s cc !1 ou: cc:t c: uo,c::c ccs tituli:cs cc cilucs tc:tii:cs
c: ut|cutiqucs ct c: i:io:utiquc so:t ccs icuucs l: Aut:ic|c, c: lo:g:ic,
c: lsl:cc, c: :o:vcgc, ux l,sls, c: kcu|liquc tc|cquc ct c: uissc, cllcs
so:t c:t:c 1! ct 1- ou: cc:t l`cc:t c:s lcs tux cò|tc:tio: cc cilucs cst
sc:si|lc, quoiquc uoi:s u:quc, c: scic:ccs :tu:cllcs ct |,siqucs ;Dl, !001,
clo: lcs co:clusio:s c`cvlutio:s i:tc::tio:lcs :tc:icu:cs, lcs ciiic:c:ccs cc
c:io:u:cc c:t:c lcs scxcs c: ut|cutiqucs ct c: scic:ccs so:t :cltivcuc:t
ii|lcs c:s lcs :cuic:s :ivcux c`c:scig:cuc:t, uis cllcs so:t :cttcuc:t lus
:o:o:cccs ct :oio:ccs c:s lcs :ivcux suc:icu:s, ct lcgc:cuc:t c: ivcu: cu
scxc usculi: ;voi: l`c:cc:c .1,
l: lc ssc, cc so:t lcs :csultts i:suiiis:ts cu scxc icui:i: qui i:quictic:t
l qusitotlitc cc ccux qui sc :coccuic:t ccs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c lcs scxcs
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g:o:s c:s ui:ts coui:cs cc l`c:scig:cuc:t, o: o|sc:vc cc :ou|:cux cs
ou lcs c:io:u:ccs t:o ii|lcs cu scxc usculi: so:t ccvc:ucs lcu: tou: u:
su|ct cc :coccutio: lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c scxcs l`cg:c ccs c:io:u:ccs
ccs clcvcs uc:itc:t toutc l`ttc:tio: ccs olitiqucs
c c|it:c co:clut l ccsc:itio: cu :oiil cc couctc:ccs c:tucc c:s lcs
c|it:cs :ccccc:ts c: sì:tc:css:t ux ciiic:c:ccs cc c:io:u:cc c:t:c lcs
scxcs c:s lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio: ll ctc:c : illcu:s ccttc :l,sc
lì:tc:`t ou: lcs utic:cs c:scig:ccs, l uotivtio: ct lìugc cc soi
lcs c|it:cs suiv:ts cu :csc:t :o:t situc:t l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs :
:o:t lcu: uilicu ct lcu: c:vi:o::cuc:t c`:c:tissgc, sc c:c|c:t su:
lcs :cssou:ccs |uui:cs ct ii::cic:cs co:sc:ccs : lcs ,s l`c:scig:cuc:t
ct su: cc:ti:cs c:ctc:istiqucs ccs s,stcucs ccuctiis ct, c:ii:, ctucic:t l
:tu:c cc l :cltio: c:t:c lc :c:ccuc:t scoli:c ct lc uilicu iuilil
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$IFFRENCESENTRELESSEXESENCOMPRHENSIONDELCRITETEN
CULTUREMATHMATIQUEETSCIENTIFIQUE
l iigu:c .1 uo:t:c lcs ciiic:c:ccs cc c:io:u:cc uo,c::c c:s lcs t:ois
coui:cs c`cvlutio: cu llA l cou:iso: ccs c:io:u:ccs c:t:c lcs scxcs
usculi: ct icui:i: cst |scc su: l uùc cc|cllc quc ccllc utiliscc ou: cou:c:
l c:io:u:cc ccs ,s ;c|it:cs ! ct !, u: ccttc cc|cllc, :cs ccs ccux tic:s
ccs |cu:cs cc 1. :s c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl sc situc:t c:s u:c lgc cc 100
oi:ts utou: cu sco:c uo,c: Quclquc .0 oi:ts ;u: :ivcu cc couctc:cc
:c:csc:tc 0 oi:ts, sc:c:t lcs ci:q ,s qui sc situc:t lc lus |s su: l`cc|cllc
cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ccs ci:q ,s qui sc situc:t u souuct c:
io:ctio: cc lcu: c:io:u:cc uo,c::c lcs :csc:vcs cuiscs c:s lcs c|it:cs !
ct ! s`liquc:t cglcuc:t ici il co:vic:t cc g:cc: :csc:t l`cs:it lc iit
quc lcs ciiic:c:ccs cc sco:c uo,c: c:t:c lcs scxcs usculi: ct icui:i: cuvc:t
usquc: u:c v:itio: sig:iiictivc c:t:c lcs scxcs qui cst iuut|lc ux ciiic:c:ts
:og:uucs c`c:scig:cuc:t, ct|lisscuc:ts ct t,cs c`clcvcs
lcs :csultts cu llA !000 uo:t:c:t quc l tc:c:cc :c v:ic guc:c c:t:c
lcs ,s c: utic:c cc ciiic:c:ccs liccs u scxc D:s tous lcs ,s, lc scxc icui
:i: ttci:t gc:c:lcuc:t ccs :ivcux suc:icu:s cc couctc:cc c: cou:c
|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ccux cu scxc usculi: Dcs ciiic:c:ccs sttistiqucuc:t
sig:iiictivcs, s,stcutiqucuc:t ivo:|lcs u scxc usculi:, sò|sc:vc:t c:
l:cc:c .1 Ies carts de perormances en mathmatiques
et en sciences entre ies sees voiuent avec i`ge
l: 1--+ ct 1--., l I:oisicuc ctucc i:tc::tio:lc su: lcs ut|cutiqucs ct lcs scic:ccs ;Il\,
cc l`llA :cvclc quc lcs c:io:u:ccs c: ut|cutiqucs ccs clcvcs cc +
c
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cc ciiic:c:ccs sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivcs c:t:c lcs scxcs quc c:s t:ois ccs 1o ,s :tici:ts
cc l`Dl ;l o:cc, lc o: ct lcs l,sls, ct quc ccs ciiic:c:ccs ctic:t toutcs ivo:|lcs u
scxc usculi: l: co:t:stc, l uùc ctucc co:sttc ccs ciiic:c:ccs sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivcs
toutcs c: ivcu: cu scxc usculi: c: clssc cc
c
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l`Dl l:ii:, c:s l cc::ic:c ::cc cc l`c:scig:cuc:t scco:ci:c suc:icu:, lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c
scxcs o|sc:vccs c:s lcs c:io:u:ccs l`cvlutio: Il\ ctic:t iuo:t:tcs ct sttistiqucuc:t
sig:iiictivcs c:s tous lcs ,s :tici:ts cc l`Dl, cxcctc lcs lttsD:is ct l lo:g:ic, ct
toutcs ivo:|lcs u scxc usculi: D:c tc:c:cc :loguc s`cst ccggcc ou: lcs scic:ccs ;lcto:
. o!, 1--o , \ullis . o!, 1--,
l cou:iso: ccs sco:cs c:t:c ccux :ivcux c`c:scig:cuc:t :c c:uct s cc :c:c:c coutc
cc l :og:cssio: cù: g:ouc scciiiquc c`clcvcs, c: lusicu:s g:oucs c`clcvcs o:t :ticic
l`cvlutio: Ioutciois, ccs co:clusio:s i:ciquc:t quc c:s cc :ou|:cux ,s cc l`Dl, lcs
ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c lcs scxcs c: ut|cutiqucs ct c: scic:ccs s`ccc:tuc:t c:s lcs :ivcux suc:icu:s
c`c:scig:cuc:t
A l`c:co:t:c cc ccttc tc:c:cc gc:c:lc, Il\ cglcuc:t ccuo:t:c quc cc:ti:s ,s so:t :vc:us
liuitc: l`gg:vtio: ccs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c lcs scxcs u iil ccs ::ccs c`ctucc ;Dl, 1--o ct 1--,
/ar /ot lc ay lc
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c/ lc cxc na.tl/r cr
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lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c scxcs so:t uoi:s u:quccs ct il :`, s cc co|c:c:cc c:s
lc sc:s ccs cc:ts c:s !+ ,s cc l`Dl, ucu:c ciiic:c:cc sttistiqucuc:t
sig:iiictivc :`cst c::cgist:cc c:s lcs c:io:u:ccs c: scic:ccs ;t|lcu .1,
l suc:io:itc cu scxc icui:i: c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cst gc:c:liscc
ct co:sicc:|lc c:s tous lcs ,s l`cc:t :c:csc:tc c: uo,c::c !! oi:ts,
soit :cs cc l uoitic cù: :ivcu cc couctc:cc l: cou:iso: vcc l
ciiic:c:cc cc sco:c uo,c: c:t:c ,s, il cst gc:c:lcuc:t tout ussi iuo:
t:t l`cc:t c: ut|cutiqucs :c:csc:tc c:vi:o: u: tic:s cc ccttc vlcu:, soit
o0 +0 !0 0 !0 +0 o0 +0 !0 0 !0 +0 o0 +0 !0 0 !0 +0
1 11 -30
-17
-4
-43
-40
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-37
-37
-37
-3
-35
-34
-33
-32
-32
-30
-30
-29
-2B
-27
-2
-2
-25
-25
-24
-20
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27
1
-3
11
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B
12
7
7
5
15
12
10
7
14
B
13
10
15
27
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15
19
1B
11
27
0
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-7
-5
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1
-7
0
3
-3
-2
-2
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7
-7
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-7
12
4
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1
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19
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cneIIe de cuIture
scientifique
cneIIe de cuIture
matnmatique
cneIIe combine de
comprnension de I'crit
core
Iiniande
Norvge
Itaiie
Grce
roiogne
Austraiie
canada
suisse
rays-Bas
Itats-unis
Autriche
Danemark
Ispagne
Brsii
Nouveiie-Ziande
Isiande
Rpubiique tchque
sude
Aiiemagne
Beigique
Hongrie
]apon
Iriande
Iuembourg
Royaume-uni
rortugai
Meique
Irance
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PERFORMANCES
CHEZLESFEMMES
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PERFORMANCES
CHEZLESHOMMES
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PERFORMANCES
CHEZLESHOMMES
-EILLEURES
PERFORMANCES
CHEZLESFEMMES
-EILLEURES
PERFORMANCES
CHEZLESFEMMES
Iettonie
Idration de Russie
-EILLEURES
PERFORMANCES
CHEZLESHOMMES
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vstc ou cc cc:ti:cs olitiqucs ct :tiqucs ccuctivcs Quc ccttc cvolutio: soit
l co:scquc:cc cc olitiqucs ccuctivcs ou :o:, cllc i:ciquc quc lcs ,s :c io:t
s tous :cuvc cc l uùc ciiiccitc ou: :ccui:c lcs cc:ts c:t:c lcs scxcs
ct quc lc uocclc qui vcut quc lcs icuucs soic:t ucillcu:cs c: lcctu:c ct lcs
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D:cu:|, c: lsg:c, u \cxiquc ct u lo:tugl lus cc ccux iois cct cc:t
c: li:l:cc ct c: lctto:ic , c: cultu:c ut|cutiquc cc 1. ,s :c :csc:
t:t s cc ciiic:c:ccs sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivcs u: cc:t cc ! oi:ts
c: Aut:ic|c, u l:csil ct c: o:cc, co::c c:sc: quc ccuxci :c so:t s
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c`:c:tissgc c:t:c |ouucs ct icuucs cs cc:ts cuvc:t `t:c :ccuits
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ux ccux scxcs cc ti:c: :oiit cc lcu: :c:tissgc c:s l uùc ucsu:c cl
cut `t:c lc :csultt ci:cct c`ciio:ts ccuctiis scciiiqucs ou `t:c cu co:tcxtc
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l`l:l:cc, lc o: ct lc ko,uucD:i iiic|c:t u: sco:c uo,c: :cltivcuc:t
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cc ii|lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c lcs scxcs ;t|lcu .1,
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c: li:l:cc, l ciiic:c:cc :c :csicc s c:s lc iit quc lcs c:io:u:ccs ccs
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cst :cttcuc:t suc:icu: u sco:c uo,c: cc tous lcs clcvcs cu llA ct suc:icu:
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lc sco:c ccs clcvcs cc scxc icui:i: , cst cxcctio::cl lus cc 1 oi:ts lcs
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ou: lcs c:io:u:ccs clcvccs cu scxc icui:i:
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cc scxc icui:i: cst :ticulic:cuc:t clcvc su: l`cc|cllc kcilcc|i: su: lc
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J'aime parIer de Iivres avec

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Je ne Iis que pour trouver Ies
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Je ne Iis que si j'y suis obIig]e)
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lcs scxcs, lcs clcvcs cc scxc icui:i: cisc:t liquc: ccs st:tcgics cùto:cgu
ltio: lus souvc:t quc ccux cu scxc usculi: ;t|lcu +., c co:stt suggc:c
quc lcs clcvcs cc scxc icui:i: so:t lus susccti|lcs c`cotc: u:c c:scctivc
cùtocvlutio: c:c:t lc :occssus c`:c:tissgc D:s tous lcs ,s ou
:csquc, il sc:it |ucicicux cc io:uc: lcs clcvcs cc scxc icui:i: ux st:tcgics
c`cl|o:tio: ct cìcc: ccux cc scxc usculi: c:s l l:iiictio:, lò:g:is
tio: ct l st:uctu:tio: cc lcu:s ctivitcs c`:c:tissgc
l:ii:, cc :ou|:cuscs o|sc:vtio:s i:ciquc:t quc lìccc quc lcs i:civicus o:t
c`cuxuùcs cst ct:oitcuc:t licc l :cussitc cc l`:c:tissgc lcs :c::ts
c:io:u:ts so:t co:ii:ts c:s lcu:s ccitcs ct so:t c:succs quù: i:vcs
tisscuc:t c:s l`:c:tissgc cut ii:c l ciiic:c:cc l: :cv:c|c, lcs clcvcs
qui coutc:t cc lcu: ccitc c`:c:c:c cc quìls cstiuc:t iuo:t:t :isquc:t
c`cc|ouc:, :o: sculcuc:t c:c:t lcu:s ctuccs, uis ussi l`gc cultc `cst
ou:quoi lc c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000 ctucic lìccc quc lcs clcvcs sc io:t
c`cuxuùcs c: lcctu:c ct c: ut|cutiquc cs ccux sccts so:t cx:iucs
: ccs i:ciccs qui :csuuc:t lcs :co:scs ccs clcvcs ccs qucstio:s o:t:t su:
lìugc cc soi cs qucstio:s o:t ctc sclcctio::ccs c:s ccs co:st:ucts utiliscs
c:s ccs ctuccs :tc:icu:cs ;voi: cglcuc:t l`::cxc A1, lcs i:ciccs so:t co:us
c: so:tc quc ccux tic:s cc l oultio: ccs clcvcs cc l`Dl soic:t situcs c:t:c
1 ct 1, l uo,c::c ct:t iixcc 0
lc clcvc ac actx cxc c
a///rqtcr/ at r/vcat ac
/|a/cq/c aa|cr//aqc.
lc clcvc ac cxc jcn/r/r
|/v/lcq/cr/ lc /|a/cq/c
ac ncno|/a//or alo| tc
lc cxc na.tl/r |c.ot|/
aavar/aqc atx /|a/cq/c
aclabo|a//or
lc clcvc ac cxc
jcn/r/r or/ cr.l/rc
a at/o-cvaltc| lct|
|o.ct
aa|cr//aqc
lc clcvc lt .orj/ar/
aar lct| .aa.//c
|ct/cr/ n/ctx.
1+.
0 0+ 0 0+ 0
o00
..0
.00
+.0
+00
!.0
l:qurc 5.?|
kcltio: c:t:c l'iugc cc soi : :o:t l lcctu:c ct l c:io:u:cc
su: l'cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l'cc:it, sclo: lc scxc
:co... lsc cc co::ccs llA cc l'Dl, !001 I|lcu .+
l:cicc c'iugc cc soi : :o:t l lcctu:c
FaibIe image de soi pour Ia Iecture Haute image de soi pour Ia Iecture
louucs lcuucs
0 0+ 0 0+ 0
o00
..0
.00
+.0
+00
!.0
l:qurc 5.?
kcltio: c:t:c l'iugc cc soi : :o:t ux ut|cutiqucs ct l c:io:u:cc
su: l'cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc, sclo: lc scxc
:co... lsc cc co::ccs llA cc l'Dl, !001 I|lcu .+|
cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc
l:cicc c'iugc cc soi : :o:t ux ut|cutiqucs
Haute image de soi
pour Ies matnmatiques
louucs lcuucs
FaibIe image de soi
pour Ies matnmatiques
1+o
l iigu:c . uo:t:c l :cltio: c:t:c lìccc quc lcs i:civicus sc io:t c`cux
uùcs c: lcctu:c ct lcs :csultts su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc
l lcctu:c lcs oi:ts :c:csc:tc:t l ositio: uo,c::c ccs clcvcs usculi:s
ct icui:i:s c:s lcs ,s :tici:ts D:s tous lcs ,s, sui c: o:cc, lcs
clcvcs cc scxc icui:i: cccl:c:t lus souvc:t o|tc:i: cc |o::cs :otcs c:s lcs
utic:cs li:guistiqucs ct :c:c:c :iccuc:t c:s toutcs lcs utic:cs lcs
ciiic:c:ccs so:t :ticulic:cuc:t u:quccs c: Allcug:c, ux lttsD:is, c:
li:l:cc ct c: ltlic ;t|lcu .+, l: ut|cutiqucs ;iigu:c .|,, lcs clcvcs
cc scxc usculi: o:t tc:c:cc voi: u:c lus |utc iugc c`cuxuùcs,
su:tout c: Allcug:c, c: :o:vcgc ct c: uissc ;t|lcu .+|, cs ciiic:c:ccs
c:t:c lcs scxcs so:t ct:oitcuc:t liccs ux ciiic:c:ccs cc c:io:u:cc c: lcctu:c
ct c: ut|cutiqucs o|sc:vccs c:t:c lcs scxcs lìugc cc soi cst ssocicc cc
u:ic:c ositivc ux c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs, uis l co::cltio: cst lus io:tc
c: ut|cutiqucs qu`c: lcctu:c
l:ui ccs qucstio:s, :ou|:cuscs so:t ccllcs qui suscitc:t u:c :l,sc lus
:oio:cic ct cllcs ic:o:t lò||ct cù: :o:t t|cutiquc c: cou:s cc :ccc
tio: cc:c:t, il c: :csso:t quc lcs cc:ts cc c:io:u:ccs c:t:c lcs scxcs
coivc:t `t:c ctucics ct :l,scs l luuic:c ccs ||ituccs, ccs ttituccs ct cc
lìugc cc soi ccs |cu:cs clcvcs ccs ccux scxcs
#ONCLUSIONS
lcs ccciccu:s olitiqucs o:t cco:cc u:c :io:itc soutc:uc ux qucstio:s
:cltivcs l`cglitc ccs scxcs, vcc u:c ttc:tio: :ticulic:c ux coui:cs c:s
lcsqucls lc scxc icui:i: ctit ccivo:isc lcs :csultts cu c,clc c`cvlutio:
llA !000 uo:t:c:t quc, si cc :ou|:cux ,s voic:t lcu:s ciio:ts cou:o::cs
cc succcs, il cxistc u: :o|lcuc c:oiss:t c|cz lcs clcvcs cc scxc usculi:,
:otuuc:t c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it l: ut|cutiqucs, lc scxc icui:i:
iiic|c tou|ou:s u: :ct:c uo,c: c:s cc :ou|:cux ,s, |ic: quc l`v:tgc
uo,c: cu scxc usculi: c: ut|cutiqucs soit cu, c:s lcs ,s ou il c:sistc,
ux :ivcux cc c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs cc scxc usculi: sc situ:t u souuct
cc l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc
l:llclcuc:t, o: o|sc:vc u:c v:itio: sig:iiictivc ccs cc:ts c:t:c lcs scxcs
cù: ,s lùt:c lcs co::ccs c: :ovc::cc ccs ,s c:s lcsqucls lc
scxc icui:i: :`cst lus ccivo:isc co::c:t c:sc: quc ccs olitiqucs ct ccs
:tiqucs ccuctivcs ciiicccs cuvc:t c:ciquc: ccs ciiic:c:ccs qui o:t lo:g
tcus ctc i:tc::ctccs couuc ccs ciiic:c:ccs c:s lc st,lc c`:c:tissgc,
voi:c c:s lcs ccitcs, ccs scxcs usculi: ct icui:i: l: ciict, lcs :csultts
cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000 uo:t:c:t quc cc:ti:s ,s liquc:t ccs
olitiqucs qui oii:c:t ux ccux scxcs l ossi|ilitc cc |c:ciicic: cù: c:sci
g:cuc:t cc g::cc qulitc lcs cc:ts c:sist:ts c:s cùt:cs ,s i:si
quc lc :ccul c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it c::cgist:c : lc scxc usculi:
co:stituc:t cùt:cs :coccutio:s sc:icuscs qui uc:itc:t cc iigu:c:
l`gc:c ccs olitiqucs
.c/ lc a/jjc|cr.c cr/|c
lc cxc cr na//c|c
a/naqc ac o/ or/
c/|o//cncr/ l/cc atx
a/jjc|cr.c ac
c|jo|nar.c cr lc./t|c c/
cr na//cna//tc.
./l y a la na//c|c
a trc aralyc lt
a|ojora/c
|/cr tc lc cxc jcn/r/r
|c/c acjavo|/c ot
.c|/a/r ac./ /l cx//c
tr |oblcnc .|o/ar/
./cz lc clcvc ac cxc
na.tl/r.
..c|/a/r ay or/
acnor/|c tc ac
ol///tc c/ ac
|a//tc cat.a//vc
cjj/.a.c ctvcr/
c|aa/tc| lc a/jjc|cr.c
cr/|c lc cxc
1+
l`:l,sc :cvclc : illcu:s quc lcs socictcs ct lcs ct|lisscuc:ts :c :cussissc:t
s tous c:s l uùc ucsu:c :ououvoi: l uotivtio: ct ccvcloc:
lì:tc:`t ou: l`:c:tissgc ccs ciiic:c:tcs utic:cs c|cz lcs clcvcs ccs ccux
scxcs l :cltio: ct:oitc c:t:c lì:tc:`t ou: lcs utic:cs ct lcs c:io:u:ccs
scoli:cs suggc:c c: out:c quc l ciiic:c:citio: ccs ||ituccs ct i:tc:`ts
:cscctiis ccs ccux scxcs cst lou:cc cc co:scquc:ccs ou: l`:c:tissgc, ct
coit `t:c :isc c: coutc : l olitiquc ccuctivc
Au cou:s cc ccs cc::ic:cs cccc::ics, lcs s,stcucs c`c:scig:cuc:t o:t i::c|i ccs
s iuo:t:ts su: l voic cc l :ccuctio: ccs ciiic:c:ccs cc :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t
c:t:c |ouucs ct icuucs ;Dl, !001,, uis il :cstc |cucou ii:c A 1. :s,
cc :ou|:cux clcvcs co:sicc:c:t l t::sitio: c:t:c l`ccolc ct lc uo:cc cu t:vil
couuc u: scct iuo:t:t cc lcu: vic iutu:c lcu: c:io:u:cc scoli:c, lcu:
uotivtio: ct lcu:s ttituccs l`cg:c cc ccs utic:cs cuvc:t voi: u:c i:iluc:cc
sig:iiictivc su: l suitc cc lcu:s :cou:s scoli:c ct :oicssio::cl cs :cou:s
co:citio::c:o:t lcu: tou: :o: sculcuc:t lcu:s c::ic:cs i:civicucllcs ct lcu:s
ttc:tcs sl:ilcs, uis ussi, c:s u: cc:c lus vstc, l`ciiiccitc vcc lqucllc
so:t ccvcloccs ct cxloitccs lcs :cssou:ccs |uui:cs c:s lcs cco:ouics ct lcs
socictcs cc l`Dl uscitc: l`c:ggcuc:t ccs clcvcs cc scxc usculi: l`cg:c cc
l lcctu:c ct stiuulc: lì:tc:`t ccs clcvcs cc scxc icui:i: ou: lcs ut|cutiqucs
so:t ut:t cò||cctiis olitiqucs qui coivc:t ccvc:i: :io:iti:cs ou: :vc:i:
u:c ucillcu:c cglitc c:t:c lcs scxcs c: tc:ucs c`cquis scoli:cs
.OTE
1 cs :og:uucs so:t clsscs u :ivcu !A c:s l lssiiictio: i:tc::tio:lc t,c cc l`ccuctio:
/c c.a|/ cr/|c lc cxc
c|//cr/ aar la
nar/c|c ac |onotvo/|
la no//va//or c/ ac
acvcloc| l/r/c|c/ ot|
.c|/a/rc na//c|c
t.//c| lcrqaqcncr/
ac clcvc ac cxc
na.tl/r a lcqa|a ac
la lc./t|c c/ l/r/c|c/ ac
clcvc ac cxc jcn/r/r
ot| lc na//cna//tc
c/ tr obc.//j ccr//cl
ot| tc /ot lc clcvc
|cal/cr/ lc/rcncr/ lct|
o/cr//cl
o
c|o...
!lLlLL l^!lLl^L
L1 lLklOk!^NCL lL LLL\L
cHArI1RI o //l/ct jan/l/al c/ c|jo|nar.c ac clcvc
1.0
)NTRODUCTION
lcs clcvcs so:t issus cc uilicux iuiliux, sociocco:ouiqucs ct cultu:cls
t:cs ciiic:c:ts l: :iso: cc ccs cis:itcs, lcs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t
coivc:t tout uctt:c c: ouv:c ou: oii:i: ccs ossi|ilitcs ctccs ct g::ti:
l`cglitc ccs c|:ccs tous lcu:s clcvcs l civc:sitc ccs uilicux ct ccs
i:tc:`ts ccs clcvcs cut c::ic|i: l`c:vi:o::cuc:t c`:c:tissgc l:llclc
uc:t, l`|ctc:ogc:citc ccs :ivcux c`titucc ct lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:s l`ctt cc
:c:tio: ccs clcvcs couliquc:t lcs cciis quc lcs ct|lisscuc:ts coivc:t
:clcvc: ou: stisii:c lcs |csoi:s c`clcvcs issus cc uilicux sociocco:ouiqucs
t:cs civc:s
lìcc:tiiictio: ccs c:ctc:istiqucs ccs clcvcs qui so:t lcs lus susccti|lcs
cò|tc:i: cc ict:cs :csultts cut icc: lc co:s c:scig::t ct lcs ccciccu:s
cctc:ui:c: c:s qucls coui:cs l`ctio: u|liquc coit sc co:cc:t:c:, tout
couuc lìcc:tiiictio: ccs :ticul:itcs ccs clcvcs |:ill:ts cut co:t:i|uc:
ccii:i: ccs o:ic:ttio:s olitiqucs vis:t cc:oit:c lc :ivcu cc c:io:u:cc
ìl cut `t:c ccuo:t:c quc cc:ti:s ,s :c:co:t:c:t uoi:s cc ciiiicultcs quc
cùt:cs ou: stisii:c lcs |csoi:s ccs ccux g:oucs, ccl co::c:it c:sc:
quìl cst :clis|lc cùclio:c: l iois l qulitc ct l`cglitc
c c|it:c ctucic l :cltio: c:t:c l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c: lcctu:c, c: ut|c
utiqucs ct c: scic:ccs ct lusicu:s sccts cc lcu: uilicu iuilil, co:t lc :ivcu
c`c:scig:cuc:t, l :oicssio: ct lc citl cultu:cl ct cco:ouiquc cc lcu:s :c:ts,
lcu: ,s cò:igi:c ct l l:guc quìls :lc:t l uiso: ;voi: c:cc:c o1,
lc c/abl/cncr/
ao/vcr/ |cra|c cr
./a|qc ac crjar/ /t
ac n/l/ctx /|c a/vc|.
.c/ ctvcr/ c/|c a/ac
a a.t///c| ac .c//c
/a./c lt cjj/.a.cncr/
cr cxan/rar/ lc l/cr
cr/|c lc n/l/ct jan/l/al
c/ la c|jo|nar.c ac
clcvc
l:cc:c o1 Interprtation des indices rIsA
lcs i:ciccs cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000 so:t |scs su: lcs cccl:tio:s ccs clcvcs ct ccs
c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t :oos cc l`c:vi:o::cuc:t c`:c:tissgc, lò:g:istio: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts
c`c:scig:cuc:t ct lc co:tcxtc cco:ouiquc ct socil c:s lcqucl sì:sc:it l`c:scig:cuc:t lls so:t cccuits
ccs :co:scs co::ccs : lcs clcvcs ct lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cuxuùcs, ct :o: cò|sc:vtio:s
cxtc::cs l: co:scquc:cc, ils so:t susccti|lcs c``t:c |iiscs : ccs ciiic:c:ccs i:tc:cultu:cllcs c:s lc
couo:tcuc:t cc :co:sc ou : lòo:tu:itc socilc cc cc:ti:cs :co:scs
llusicu:s i:ciccs :csuuc:t lcs :co:scs ccs clcvcs ct ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t ux qucstio:s , iic:c:tcs
cs qucstio:s o:t ctc sclcctio::ccs c:s ccs .c.o. lus iuo:t:ts su: l |sc cc co:sicc:tio:s
t|co:iqucs ct cc :cc|c:c|cs :tc:icu:cs
1

lcs cou:iso:s :csc:tccs c:s cc c|it:c o:t t:it l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc
cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, sui uc:tio: co:t:i:c
lcs cqutio:s st:uctu:cllcs o:t ctc uocclisccs ou: co:ii:uc: lcs ciuc:sio:s t|co:iqucs :cvucs ccs
i:ciccs ct vlicc: lcu: cou:|ilitc c:t:c ,s A cct ciict, u: uocclc sc:c ctc :c:c ou: c|quc
,s i:si quù: uocclc collcctii ou: l`c:scu|lc ccs ,s cc l`Dl
//l/ct jan/l/al c/ c|jo|nar.c ac clcvc cHArI1RI o
1.1
3TATUTPROFESSIONNEL
ìl cst clcvc, lc sttut :oicssio::cl ccs :c:ts cut i:iluc:cc: lcs si:tio:s
:oicssio::cllcs ccs clcvcs ct, : l, lcu: c:ggcuc:t l`cg:c cc l`:c:tissgc
qui ccvic:t lo:s ou: cux u: uo,c: cc cou|lc: lcu:s ttc:tcs ll cut cglc
uc:t c:uctt:c c`cl:gi: lc c|u ccs o:ic:ttio:s :oicssio::cllcs co:t lcs
c:i:ts o:t co::iss:cc
lc llA cc::c cct scct cu uilicu iuilil ccs clcvcs g:cc ux i:io:utio:s
:ccucillics su: l :oicssio: ccs :c:ts ct su: lcs ctivitcs qui , so:t ssociccs
: lc |iis cù:c uct|occ qui g::tit l cou:|ilitc i:tc::tio:lc ct
scct cst :c:csc:tc sous l io:uc cc l`.1... c..c..cc.o. 1. oo .c.
.c.! ;G:zc|oou . o!, 1--!, qui ucsu:c lcs tt:i|uts ccs :oicssio:s ct
co:vc:tit lc :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t ccs i:civicus c: :cvc:us lcs vlcu:s cc
lì:cicc so:t cou:iscs c:t:c 0 ct -0 lus lcs vlcu:s so:t clcvccs, lus cllcs
cc:otc:t u: sttut :oicssio::cl clcvc c|cz lcs :c:ts cù: clcvc D:s lcs ,s
cc l`Dl, l vlcu: uo,c::c cc lì:cicc cst cc +- ct so: cc:t t,c, cc 1o
;voi: l`c:cc:c o!,
la |ojc/or ac a|cr/
c/ trc nct|c at /a/t/
o./o-c.oron/tc t/
ct/ /rjltcr.c| lc
a/|a//or c/ lc
a////tac ac clcvc
l:cc:c o! comment iire ia igure o.1
lì:cicc sociocco:ouiquc i:tc::tio:l llA cc sttut :oicssio::cl clssc lcs clcvcs c: io:ctio:
cc l :oicssio: cc lcu:s :c:ts, sclo: lc :lc ci:cct quc |ouc l :oicssio: c:s lòtiuistio: cu
:cvc:u l oultio: cc c|quc ,s cst :c:tic c: qu:tilcs, c: io:ctio: ccs vlcu:s :tio:lcs
cc cct i:cicc lcs couctc:ccs :cquiscs ou: stisii:c ux cxigc:ccs ssociccs u:c :oicssio:
co:stituc:t lc :i:cil c:itc:c ou: cisti:guc: lcs ciiic:c:ts :ivcux cc sttut :oicssio::cl
l iigu:c o1 cou:c, ou: c|quc ,s, l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c ccs clcvcs situcs c:s lcs
qu:tilcs suc:icu: ct i:ic:icu: l lo:gucu: ccs ciiic:c:tcs lig:cs uo:t:c l`cc:t c:t:c lc sttut
:oicssio::cl lc lus clcvc ct lc uoi:s clcvc c:s c|quc ,s ll , licu cc soulig:c: quc lc sttut
:oicssio::cl uo,c: cc c|quc qu:tilc v:ic sclo: lcs ,s cc l`Dl cc:c:t, c:s tous lcs
,s sui qut:c, l uo,c::c cu qu:tilc i:ic:icu: :c v:ic s cc lus cc . oi:ts su: lcs -0 oi:ts
cc cct i:cicc l v:itio: cst lcgc:cuc:t lus :o:o:ccc c:s lc qu:tilc suc:icu:
l:ui lcs scctcu:s c:ctc:istiqucs ccs vlcu:s cì:cicc cou:iscs c:t:c 1o ct !. oi:ts, cito:s
lcs ctitcs cxloittio:s g:icolcs, l uctllu:gic, l ucc:iquc, lcs txis, lc t::so:t :outic: ct
l :cstu:tio: lcs :oicssio:s lcs lus cou:uuc:t ssociccs ccs vlcu:s cì:cicc cou:iscs
c:t:c !. ct .! oi:ts so:t l cout|ilitc |ou::lic:c, l vc:tc, l gcstio: cc ctitcs c:t:c:iscs ct
cc:ti:cs :oicssio:s c:s lc scctcu: cc l s:tc llus lcs cxigc:ccs :oicssio::cllcs so:t g::ccs,
lus lc sttut :oicssio::cl uguc:tc l:ui lcs :oicssio:s co::cso:c:t ccs vlcu:s cou:iscs
c:t:c .+ ct 0 oi:ts, cito:s l uc:ctiquc, l`c:scig:cuc:t, lì:gc:ic:ic ct l cout|ilitc ccs
c:t:c:iscs l:ii:, lcs vlcu:s cou:iscs c:t:c 1 ct -0 oi:ts, c`cstci:c lc qu:tilc suc:icu:
i:tc::tio:l cc lì:cicc, :c:voic:t ccs :oicssio:s tcllcs quc l ucccci:c, l`c:scig:cuc:t
u:ivc:siti:c ou lc c:oit
1.!
!00
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5
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4
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4
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3
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B
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2
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3
5
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4
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B
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4
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2
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B
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B
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lc ,s c: t`tc cu clsscuc:t cc c:io:u:cc cu llA, t:cis quc lc sco:c ccs
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sociocco:ouiquc cc sttut :oicssio::cl ;t|lcux o1c, cttc cou:iso:
co:ii:uc quc lìuo:t:cc :cltivc cu sttut sociocco:ouiquc v:ic sclo:
lcs ,s
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situcs c:s lc qu:tilc suc:icu: cc lì:cicc cc :ic|cssc iiic|c:t c: cou:c|c:
sio: cc l`cc:it u: sco:c suc:icu: cc !+ oi:ts cclui ccs clcvcs cu qu:tilc
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sui t:ois,
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lcs qu:tilcs suc:icu: ct i:ic:icu: cc :ic|cssc , :c:csc:tc . oi:ts ;l`cc:t
uo,c: cst cc !+ oi:ts ou: l`c:scu|lc cc l`Dl, l: cùt:cs tc:ucs,
lcs clcvcs cc cc ,s o:t u uoi:s ccux iois lus cc c|:ccs c``t:c clsscs
c:s lc qu:tilc i:ic:icu: cc c:io:u:cc c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it sìls
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litc cù: ccsv:tgc cst co:ii:ucc, il iut s`, ttquc: Ioutc l qucstio: cst cc
cctc:ui:c: couuc:t ivo:isc: lc soutic: iuilil ux clcvcs s:s quc ccl :c
ccu:cc lus cc tcus quc :`c: cisosc:t lcs :c:ts qui clcvc:t sculs lcu:s
c:i:ts lìiccttio: st:tcgiquc cu tcus ciso:i|lc ux ctivitcs otc:ticllc
uc:t lcs lus |c:ciiqucs cst u:c otio: ciiiccc lo:squc lc tcus cst liuitc
lcs ccciccu:s coivc:t icc:tiiic: lcs io:ucs c`c:ggcuc:t :c:tl quìl iut
c:cou:gc:, quc cc soit c:s l olitiquc gc:c:lc cc l`c:scig:cuc:t ou c:s lcs
ct|lisscuc:ts qui c:t:c:t c: i:tc:ctio: vcc lcs :c:ts
lc clcvc /t ac
jan/llc noroa|cr/alc
|cal/cr/ ac
c|jo|nar.c /rjc|/ct|c
a .cllc ac at/|c clcvc
aar .c|/a/r ay.
.c/ .c/ c.a|/ c/ lc
lt na|tc aar lc
ay oi lc jan/llc
noroa|cr/alc or/ lc
lt ronb|ctc.
.na/ lt/ct| ja./ct|
ajjc./cr/ .c//c |cla//or
jo|/ .onlcxc
1oo
,IEUDENAISSANCEETLANGUEPARLELAMAISON
lcs uig:tio:s cù: ,s lùt:c so:t cc lus c: lus cou::tcs llusicu:s
ictcu:s cxliquc:t ccttc gc:c:listio: lcs cc|:gcs i:tc::tio:ux sc ccvclo
c:t, lcs gc:s so:t tti:cs : ccs culois lus :cuu:c:tcu:s ou siulcuc:t
ciiic:c:ts c:s cùt:cs ,s ct lcs :ciugics iiluc:t c:s cc:ti:s ,s, c|sscs
cc c|cz cux : lcs t:ou|lcs olitiqucs ou l co:|o:ctu:c cco:ouiquc lo:squc
lcs :c:ts cuig:c:t, qucllc qu`c: soit l :iso:, lcu:s c:i:ts c: gc scoli:c sc
:ct:ouvc:t c:s u: :ouvcl c:vi:o::cuc:t c:s lcqucl ils sc sc:tc:t ciiic:c:ts
cc:ti:s cg:cs ct co:t l l:guc lcu: cst :iois i:co::uc ll cst t:cs ulisc
cc cou:c: lc co:tcxtc cc lìuuig:tio: c:t:c ,s D:c :l,sc cou:tivc
cut toutciois c:uctt:c cìcc:tiiic: ccs c:ctc:istiqucs qui cxliquc:t ou:quoi
cc:ti:s ,s :cussissc:t uicux quc cùt:cs ii:c icc ccs cis:itcs
lou: ouvoi: ctucic: lcs ciicts cu sttut cìuuig::t ct cc l l:guc su: l c:io:
u:cc c:s lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio:, il ctc ccu:cc ux clcvcs cì:ciquc:
si cuxuùcs ct lcu:s ccux :c:ts ctic:t :cs c:s lc ,s cc l`cvlutio:, ou c:s
u: ut:c ,s, ct cìcc:tiiic: l l:guc l lus souvc:t :lcc l uiso:
ll co:vic:t cc g:cc: :csc:tcs l`cs:it lcs liuitcs ccs co::ccs :ccucillics lo:s
cu c,clc c`cvlutio: l: ciict, il :` s ctc ccu:cc ux clcvcs cì:ciquc:
ccuis cou|ic: cc tcus ils vivic:t c:s lc ,s lo:squc l`cvlutio: cu licu i
:ou|:c c`c:t:c cux o:t ccs :c:ts lloc|to:cs, ils so:t souvc:t :cs c:s lc ,s
ou l`cvlutio: cu licu ct uit:isc:t cc:ti:cuc:t l l:guc cu tcst Dùt:cs c:
:cv:c|c cuvc:t :``t:c ::ivcs quc ccuis cu cc tcus c:s lc ,s cu tcst ct
:`c: `t:c qu` lcu: ccuxicuc ::cc c`ctuccs c:s lcu: :ouvcu ,s
1!
Dc uùc,
:ic: :c c:uct cc cctc:ui:c: c:s qucllc ucsu:c l l:guc utc::cllc cc l`clcvc
ciiic:c cc l l:guc cu tcst l: ciict, o: cut :iso::|lcuc:t s`ttc:c:c cc quù:
clcvc co:t lcs :c:ts so:t :cs c: :ouvcllcZcl:cc ct viv:t ctucllcuc:t c:
Aust:lic ou ux lttsD:is soit uoi:s iicctc quc si scs :c:ts ctic:t :cs c:s
u: ,s ou l l:guc :`cst s u:c l:guc :glosxo::c Qucls quc soic:t lcs
ciio:ts cclo,cs : lcs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t c:s lcs ,s c`cotio:, lcs
ciiic:c:ccs li:guistiqucs cuvc:t co::c: licu u:c |issc cu sco:c c: cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it c:s u:c ccuxicuc l:guc ;ou c: cultu:c ut|cutiquc ou scic:tiiiquc,,
c: :ticulic: c|cz ccux co:t lìuuig:tio: cst :ccc:tc
I:ois ctcgo:ics c`clcvcs so:t cou:ccs ou: ucsu:c: l`ciict cu licu cc :is
s:cc su: l c:io:u:cc ;voi: iigu:c o.,
lcs clcvcs qui so:t :cs c:s lc ,s ou cu licu l`cvlutio: ct co:t lù: ccs
:c:ts u uoi:s cst :c c:s cc ,s ;quliiics còoc.|c. ci:cs, ,
lcs clcvcs qui so:t :cs c:s lc ,s ou cu licu l`cvlutio:, uis co:t lcs
:c:ts so:t :cs l`ct::gc: ;ccsig:cs ci:cs : l`cx:cssio: clcvcs cc
...... ...o.c , ,
lcs clcvcs qui, couuc lcu:s :c:ts, so:t :cs c:s u: ,s ut:c quc cclui ou
cu licu l`cvlutio: ;quliiics cò!!c.|c. ci:cs,
r jltx .|o/ar/ ac
n/q|a//or ct/ aorrc|
l/ct a ac |oblcnc
cat.a//j.
.at/ lc l|- a-/-/l
acnarac atx clcvc ac
|cora|c a ac tc//or t|
lct| o|/q/rc c/ t| la larqtc
t/l a|lcr/ a la na/or
c tc//or ror/ a
/o/alcncr/ |/ cr
.or/ac|a//or la a/vc|//c
ac .or/cx/c aor/
ctvcr/ |clcvc| lc
crjar/ ac jan/llc
a/nn/q|c
c//c aralyc .ona|c
.lc clcvc at/o.//orc .
.lc clcvc ac
|cn/c|c qcrc|a//or .
.c/ lc clcvc allo.//orc
1o
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l:qurc c.5
licu cc :iss:cc, l:guc :lcc l uiso: ct c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs
tco...o. 1'.!.. o!!c.|c. . 1. ...... ...o.c (..|.!!. 1. oo.|.) .
..c.o.. 1. .!.. o!!c.|c., 1. ...... ...o.c . ooc.|c. o.
!'..|.!!. .c/... 1. .c..|..c 1. !'.... (..|.!!. 1. 1.c..)
lou:cc:tgc c'clcvcs :cs
l'ct::gc: ct co:t lcs :c:ts
so:t :cs l'ct::gc: ; clcvcs
lloc|to:cs ,
lou:cc:tgc c'clcvcs :cs c:s
lc ,s cc l'cvlutio: ct co:t
lcs :c:ts so:t :cs
l'ct::gc: ; clcvcs cc
:cuic:c gc:c:tio: ,
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lc:io:u:cc uo,c::c su:
l'cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc
cou:c|c:sio: cc l'cc:it ccs
clcvcs :cs l'ct::gc: ct co:t
lcs :c:ts so:t cglcuc:t
:cs l'ct::gc: ; clcvcs
lloc|to:cs ,
clcvcs :cs c:s lc ,s cc
l'cvlutio: co:t lcs :c:ts
so:t :cs l'ct::gc: ; clcvcs
cc :cuic:c gc:c:tio: ,
clcvcs :cs c:s lc ,s cc
l'cvlutio: co:t u uoi:s u:
ccs ccux :c:ts cst :c c:s
lc uùc ,s ; clcvcs
utoc|to:cs ,
cneIIe de gaucne
cneIIe de droite
cneIIe de gaucne
cneIIe de droite
:co... lsc cc co::ccs llA cc l'Dl, !001 I|lcu o10
tco...o. 1'.!.. o. o.!. !. !o co. o. !oo. oo.. o. !o !oo.
1o ., o. oo.. !oo. o.co!. co o 1.o!... o.co! o !o o.c
(..|.!!. 1. oo.|.) . ..c.o.. 1. .!.. o. !'..|.!!. .c/...
1. .c..|..c 1. !'.... (..|.!!. 1. 1.c..)
lou:cc:tgc c'clcvcs qui
:lc:t lc lus souvc:t l
uiso: u:c l:guc ut:c quc
l l:guc cu tcst, u:c ut:c
l:guc :tio:lc ou u:
cilcctc :tio:l
clcvcs qui ne parient pas
ie pius souvent l uiso:
u:c l:guc ut:c quc l
l:guc cu tcst, u:c ut:c
l:guc :tio:lc ou u:
cilcctc :tio:l
clcvcs qui parient ie pius
souvent l uiso: l
l:guc cu tcst, u:c ut:c
l:guc :tio:lc ou u:
cilcctc :tio:l
1o
lou: cc :ou|:cux clcvcs lloc|to:cs, l l:guc cu tcst cst u:c scco:cc
l:guc c:ti:s c`c:t:c cux :ò:t :o||lcuc:t s cvoluc lo:gtcus c:s
lc s,stcuc ccuctii cu ,s c:s lcqucl ils o:t ctc souuis l`cvlutio: lcs
clcvcs cc l :cuic:c gc:c:tio: vivc:t :o||lcuc:t c:s ccs iuillcs co:t
l l:guc, ou l l:guc l lus souvc:t :lcc l uiso:, :`cst s l l:guc
c`c:scig:cuc:t Qucl quc soit lc licu cc :iss:cc ccs clcvcs, lcs cquis ccs
clcvcs :tc::t l ccuxicuc ct l t:oisicuc ctcgo:ics coivc:t tt ou
t:c co::cso:c:c ux o||cctiis cc co::iss:ccs ct cc couctc:ccs iixcs ou:
lcs clcvcs utoc|to:cs
l cou:iso: ccs sco:cs c: lcctu:c ccs clcvcs cc l :cuic:c gc:c:tio: vcc
ccux ccs clcvcs utoc|to:cs c:s lcs 1+ ,s c:s lcsqucls ccs ccux ctcgo:ics
:c:csc:tc:t u uoi:s ! ou: cc:t cc l oultio: c`clcvcs cu c,clc llA !000
:cvclc l :csc:cc cc ciiic:c:ccs c: ivcu: ccs utoc|to:cs :cltivcuc:t
iuo:t:tcs ct sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivcs c:s cix ,s l`cc:t cc c:io:
u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cst cou:is c:t:c
!1 ct +1 oi:ts ux lttsD:is, c: l::cc, c: :ouvcllcZcl:cc ct c: uccc ct
c:t:c .! ct o! oi:ts c: Aut:ic|c, u licc|tc:stci: ct c: uissc ll :c:csc:tc
lus cc 0 oi:ts, soit u: :ivcu cc couctc:cc c:vi:o:, c: Allcug:c, u
luxcu|ou:g ct ux l,sls ct ttci:t 11! oi:ts c: lclgiquc ;t|lcu o10,
l :cltio: c:t:c lc licu cc :iss:cc ct l c:io:u:cc cst siuili:c c: cultu:c
ut|cutiquc ct c: cultu:c scic:tiiiquc
cs cc:ts so:t t:ou|l:ts, c: lcs clcvcs cc ccs ccux ctcgo:ics so:t :cs c:s lc
,s ou l`cvlutio: cu licu ct o:t, sclo: toutc v:iscu|l:cc, suivi lc uùc
:og:uuc c`c:scig:cuc:t oiic:t : lc s,stcuc ccuctii cc cc ,s tous
lcs clcvcs Qucllcs quc soic:t lcs siuilituccs susccti|lcs c``t:c o|sc:vccs c:s
l` |isto:iquc scoli:c ccs clcvcs cc ccs ccux ctcgo:ics, lc iit c``t:c u:
clcvc cc l :cuic:c gc:c:tio: co:ic:c u: ccsv:tgc :cltii c:s ccs ,s
lcs :coccutio:s l`cg:c cc ccs cis:itcs so:t :ticulic:cuc:t |ustiiiccs
c:s lcs ,s ou lcs cc:ts cc c:io:u:cc so:t iuo:t:ts ct ou l :oo:tio:
c`clcvcs cc l :cuic:c gc:c:tio: cst :cltivcuc:t clcvcc ito:s l lclgiquc
; ou: cc:t,, l l::cc ;10 ou: cc:t, lc luxcu|ou:g ;1 ou: cc:t, ct l
uissc ;- ou: cc:t,
l: toutc logiquc, lcs clcvcs lloc|to:cs so:t c:co:c lus cist:ccs : lcs clcvcs
utoc|to:cs quc :c lc so:t ccux cc l :cuic:c gc:c:tio: l: uo,c::c, su: 10
ccs 1o ,s cou:cs, lcs utoc|to:cs su:ssc:t lcs lloc|to:cs cc 1 oi:ts
c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, soit tout u: :ivcu cc couctc:cc l`cc:t cst
cou:is c:t:c 10! ct 11! oi:ts u licc|tc:stci:, u luxcu|ou:g ct c: uissc
ct c:t:c o0 ct 100 oi:ts c: Allcug:c, c: Aut:ic|c, c: lclgiquc, u D:cu:|,
c: G:ccc, c: :o:vcgc, ux l,sls ct c: uccc lcs cc:ts sttistiqucuc:t
sig:iiictiis lcs lus ii|lcs so:t c::cgist:cs u :c ;! oi:ts,, ux ltts
D:is ;+. oi:ts, ct c: :ouvcllcZcl:cc ;!0 oi:ts, l: :ouvcllcZcl:cc,
l`cc:t cst :tiqucuc:t icc:tiquc cclui o|sc:vc c:t:c lcs clcvcs lloc|to:cs
ct ccux cc l :cuic:c gc:c:tio:
la larqtc c/ trc
tc//or .|t./alc ot| ac
ronb|ctx clcvc rc ot
aor/ lc a|cr/ or/
rc a lc/|arqc|
/ar la lta|/ ac ay
oi la otla//or
a/nn/q|ar/ c/
/no|/ar/c lc clcvc ac
|cn/c|c qcrc|a//or
ob//crrcr/ ac |ctl/a/
cr lc./t|c /rjc|/ct| a
.ctx ac clcvc
at/o.//orc.
.ncnc /l or/
ctx-ncnc rc aar
lc ay - .c t/ c/
|co..tar/
lc clcvc rc a
lc/|arqc| or/ cr.o|c
lt lo/r ac||/c|c na/
a ac acq|c a/jjc|cr/
clor lc ay
1o-
ll cst i:tc:css:t cc sc c:c|c: su: lc cs cc lÀust:lic ct cu :c, ccux ,s
qui :c suivc:t s ccttc tc:c:cc gc:c:lc l: Aust:lic, :i lc licu cc :iss:cc
ccs clcvcs, :i cclui cc lcu:s :c:ts :c scu|lc c: uo,c::c i:iluc:cc: l c:
io:u:cc c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, c: cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct c: cultu:c
scic:tiiiquc, ulg:c l :oo:tio: iuo:t:tc c`clcvcs lloc|to:cs ;1! ou:
cc:t cc l oultio: c`clcvcs, ct cc :cuic:c gc:c:tio: ;11 ou: cc:t,
ll c: v cc uùc u :c ou lcs t:ois ctcgo:ics c`clcvcs o|tic::c:t ccs
sco:cs suc:icu:s l uo,c::c cc l`Dl c:s ccux ccs t:ois coui:cs
c`cvlutio:
ll cst logiquc cc suosc: quc lcs clcvcs qui :lc:t lc lus souvc:t l l:guc cu
tcst, u:c ut:c l:guc :tio:lc ou u: cilcctc :tio:l l uiso: ; ctcgo:ic
li:guistiquc u|o:iti:c , o|tic::c:t cc ucillcu:s :csultts c:s lcs coui:cs
c`cvlutio: cu llA quc ccux qui :lc:t gc:c:lcuc:t u:c ut:c l:guc vcc
lcu:s :c:ts ct lcu:s i:c:cs ct sou:s ; ctcgo:ic li:guistiquc ui:o:iti:c ,
1+

D:s l`c:scu|lc, lcs :csultts co:ii:uc:t ccttc |,ot|csc D:s lcs ,s cc
l`Dl, l`cc:t uo,c: c:t:c lcs ccux ctcgo:ics s`clcvc oo oi:ts c:
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ct c: cultu:c scic:tiiiquc, ct +- oi:ts c: cultu:c
ut|cutiquc ;t|lcu o11,
l`:l,sc cou:cc uo:t:c qu`c: Allcug:c, c: lclgiquc, u D:cu:|, u
luxcu|ou:g ct c: uissc, lcs clcvcs cc 1. :s qui :c :lc:t s l l:guc cu tcst
ou cùt:cs l:gucs ou cilcctcs :tio:ux l uiso: so:t ccux iois ct ccuic lus
susccti|lcs cc iigu:c: c:s lc qu:tilc i:ic:icu: cc c:io:u:cc c: lcctu:c quc
ccux qui :lc:t lc lus souvc:t l l:guc cu tcst l uiso: l: Aut:ic|c, ux
lttsD:is, c: l::cc, c: G:ccc, c: :ouvcllcZcl:cc, ux l,sls ct c: uccc,
lcs clcvcs :tc::t l ctcgo:ic li:guistiquc ui:o:iti:c o:t lus cc ccux iois
lus cc c|:ccs quc ccux cc l ctcgo:ic li:guistiquc u|o:iti:c cc sc situc: c:s
lc qu:tilc i:ic:icu: cc c:io:u:cc c:s lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio:
lcs cc:ts c:t:c lcs sco:cs o|tc:us : lcs clcvcs ccs ccux ctcgo:ics c:
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it iicctc:t cc toutc cvicc:cc l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c
ccs ,s c: lcctu:c A tit:c c`cxculc, cito:s lc cs cc lÀllcug:c si cllc
:vc:it uc:c: lc sco:c uo,c: ccs clcvcs cc l ctcgo:ic li:guistiquc
ui:o:iti:c u :ivcu cc cclui ccs clcvcs cc l ctcgo:ic li:guistiquc u|o:iti:c,
so: sco:c uo,c: sc:it suc:icu: l uo,c::c cc l`Dl ;.00 oi:ts, c:
cultu:c ut|cutiquc, ct :o: i:ic:icu: cc 10 oi:ts
#ONCLUSIONS
l olitiquc cc l`c:scig:cuc:t coit voi: ou: u|itio: cc g::ti: l`cglitc
ccs c|:ccs tous lcs clcvcs c: vuc cc lcu: c:uctt:c cc co::c: lcu: lci:c
ucsu:c l :clistio: cc ccttc u|itio: cut cc:tcs `t:c co:t::icc : lìuct
iuo:t:t quc cuvc:t voi: su: l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs cc:ti:s ictcu:s lics
u uilicu iuilil \is l v:itio: co:sicc:|lc cc cct iuct sclo: lcs ,s
uto:isc u: cc:ti: otiuisuc, c:s l ucsu:c ou cllc suggc:c quc l`cglitc ccs
c|:ccs :`cst s u: o||cctii i::clis|lc c: utic:c c`c:scig:cuc:t
tcltc ay c
acna|tcr/ a|
labcr.c ac /cllc
a/jjc|cr.c
|l rc/ a t||crar/
tc lc clcvc t/ rc
a|lcr/ a la larqtc
nao|//a/|c a la na/or
|cal/cr/ ac no/r
borrc c|jo|nar.c
tc .ctx t/ la a|lcr/
.c/ or/ rc//cncr/ lt
ac ./ar.c ac c //tc|
aar lc ta|//lc /rjc|/ct|
ac clcvc ac ./atc
ay t| lc./cllc ac
c|jo|nar.c.
..c t/ ct/ avo/| tr
/na./ /qr/j/.a//j t| lc
c|jo|nar.c noycrrc
atr ay cr
la va|/a//or cr/|c ay
aar l/na./ at n/l/ct
jan/l/al t| la
c|jo|nar.c ac clcvc
c|nc/ acc|c| |cat/|c
.c/ cjjc/
10
lcs v:i|lcs liccs u uilicu iuilil qui o:t ctc ctuciccs c:s cc c|it:c
so:t co::clccs, tout couuc lc so:t lcu:s ciicts o:sicc:ccs sc:cuc:t, cllcs
suggc:c:t toutciois ccs o:ic:ttio:s olitiqucs c:visgc|lcs
ll cxistc u:c :cltio: :ticulic:cuc:t ct:oitc c:t:c lc sttut :oicssio::cl
ccs :c:ts ct l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ct c:
cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:tiiiquc ìl cst clcvc, lc sttut :oicssio::cl
ccs :c:ts cut i:iluc:cc: lcs si:tio:s :oicssio::cllcs ccs clcvcs ct, :
l, lcu: c:ggcuc:t l`cg:c cc l`:c:tissgc qui ccvic:t lo:s ou: cux
u: uo,c: cc cou|lc: ccs si:tio:s :oicssio::cllcs u|iticuscs ll cut
cglcuc:t c:uctt:c c`cl:gi: lc c|u ccs o:ic:ttio:s :oicssio::cllcs
co:t lcs c:i:ts o:t co::iss:cc i lcs s,stcucs c`c:scig:cuc:t o:t ii:c
icc ux sccts lus iuuccits cu :c:ccuc:t scoli:c, ils coivc:t ussi
s`ttc|c: ccvcloc: ccs co::iss:ccs ct si:tio:s :oicssio::cllcs
lc :lc ccs |ic:s ct ccs ctivitcs lics l cultu:c clssiquc cst coulcxc,
uis il scu|lc quc ossccc: u: t:iuoi:c cultu:cl cu uùc t,c quc cclui
su: lcqucl lcs :og:uucs c`c:scig:cuc:t ct lcs c:cuvcs c`cvlutio: so:t
|scs i:iluc:cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs l osscssio: cc |ic:s cultu:cls cst
souvc:t ssocicc ux ut:cs ictcu:s cu uilicu iuilil, uis so: iuct cst lus
iuo:t:t si cllc cst co:sicc:cc sc:cuc:t lc t:iuoi:c cultu:cl u: iuct
lus clcvc c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it qu`c: cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:
tiiiquc c co:stt soulig:c l u:ic:c co:t l`cccs l littc:tu:c ct cùt:cs
|ic:s cultu:cls l uiso: co:ic:c u: v:tgc c: tc:ucs c`:c:tissgc
lc :ivcu cc io:utio: ccs :c:ts ct lcs uocclcs cc couuu:ictio: socilc ct
cultu:cllc c:t:c :c:ts ct c:i:ts, c: :ticulic: :oos cc su|cts co:cc:::t
lc :c:ccuc:t scoli:c ct l`:c:tissgc, so:t ct:oitcuc:t lics l:scu|lc, ccs
ccux ictcu:s cuvc:t co:ic:c: u: v:tgc ccuctii iuo:t:t ux clcvcs ll
:csso:t ccs :csultts cu llA quc l :cussitc scoli:c cut `t:c i:iluc:ccc :
lcs uocclcs cc couuu:ictio: c:t:c :c:ts ct c:i:ts c co:stt suggc:c
quìl sc:it |ucicicux cò:ic:tc: l`ctio: u|liquc vc:s lc soutic: ux :c:ts,
c: :ticulic: ccux co:t lc :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t cst lus ii|lc, c: vuc cc
ivo:isc: lcu:s i:tc:ctio:s vcc lcu:s c:i:ts ct l`ct|lisscuc:t i:cquc:tc :
ccuxci cc u:ic:c uclio:c: l`:c:tissgc ccs clcvcs
l :ic|cssc iuililc, qui ccc:c c: gc:c:l cc l :oicssio: ccs :c:ts, cst
cglcuc:t ssocicc u:c c:io:u:cc lus clcvcc, uis so: i:iluc:cc cst
uoi:s u:qucc quc ccllc ccs ut:cs ictcu:s ctucics c:s cc c|it:c
l:ii:, tous lcs ,s cc l`Dl co::issc:t u:c iuuig:tio: cc:uc lcs
iuuig:cs :tiquc:t ou: l lu:t u:c l:guc ciiic:c:tc cc l l:guc
c:s lqucllc lcu:s c:i:ts io:t lcu:s ctuccs lc ccsv:tgc ccuctii qui
u:quc lcs clcvcs issus cù:c ui:o:itc ct|:iquc ctou lcs c:i:ts cìuui
g::ts v:ic co:sicc:|lcuc:t sclo: lcs ci:co:st:ccs quìls o:t co::ucs c:s
lcu: ,s cò:igi:c lc ccsv:tgc ccuctii quìls vic:t su|i: c:s lcu:
,s cò:igi:c cut `t:c ccc:tuc c:s lcu: ,s c`cotio:, uùc si lcu:
la |ojc/or ac a|cr/
c/ c/|o//cncr/ .o||clcc a
la c|jo|nar.c.
./ot/ .onnc lc or/ lc
b/cr c/ lc a.//v//c l/c a
la .tl/t|c .la/tc
lc r/vcat ac jo|na//or
ac a|cr/ c/ la tal//c
ac la .onntr/.a//or
t/l cr/|c//crrcr/ avc.
lct| crjar/ or/
cqalcncr/ trc /rjltcr.c
o///vc.
.alo| tc l/rjltcr.c
ac la |/./cc jan/l/alc
c/ no/r na|tcc
lc acavar/aqc t/
na|tcr/ lc /nn/q|ar/
or/ at/ .onlcxc
tc va|/c na/
/l jat/ y |caq/|
11
c:io:u:cc scoli:c uguc:tc c: tc:ucs |solus c ou::it `t:c u:c
otio: olitiquc |ucicicusc quc còii:i: ccs clcvcs u:c icc i:tc:sivc ct
ci|lcc c: l:guc ou: lcs iuili:isc: u uicux vcc l l:guc c`c:scig:c
uc:t cs clcvcs cuvc:t `t:c ccivo:iscs su: lc l: ccuctii :cc quìls
cccouv:c:t u: :ouvcl c:vi:o::cuc:t c`:c:tissgc ou :cc quìls coivc:t
:c:c:c u:c :ouvcllc l:guc c:s u: c:vi:o::cuc:t iuilil qui :c lcu:
icilitc s io:ccuc:t l tc|c Qucllc quc soit lò:igi:c cc cc ccsv:tgc, il
iut v:iscu|l|lcuc:t lcu: cco:cc: u:c ttc:tio: :ticulic:c
lcs co:clusio:s ti:ccs cc l`c:scu|lc cc ccs :csultts :cv`tc:t u:c cc:ti:c
iuo:t:cc ou: lcs ccciccu:s lcs couctc:ccs c: lcctu:c co:stituc:t lù:
ccs io:ccuc:ts cc l`:c:tissgc tout u lo:g cc l vic ct uclio:c:t lcs
c:scctivcs c`culoi ct cc :cvc:u A l luuic:c cc ccs co:sicc:tio:s,
l :og:cssio: i:tc:gc:c:tio::cllc cu sttut sociocco:ouiquc cut `t:c
:cst:ci:tc c:s lcs ,s qui coutc:t u:c :oo:tio: co:sicc:|lc cc lcctcu:s
lus ii|lcs c so:t ccs clcvcs ii|lcs qui o:t v:iscu|l|lcuc:t lc uoi:s
cc c|:ccs cc |c:ciicic: cc c:scctivcs c`culoi :oucttcuscs, ggcs cc
uo|ilitc cco:ouiquc lc c|it:c ou:suit l`:l,sc c:tucc ici : l`ctucc
ccs i:tc:ctio:s c:t:c lcs civc:s ictcu:s co:tcxtucls ct lìcc:tiiictio: ccs
lcvic:s olitiqucs utiliscs c:s lcs ciiic:c:ts ,s ou: uclio:c: l c:io:u:cc
uo,c::c ct ttc:uc: lìuct cu uilicu iuilil su: lc :c:ccuc:t ccs clcvcs
lc acavar/aqc l/c
at n/l/ct jan/l/al
.or//rtc|or/ a c
|cc|.t/c| t| lt/ct|
qcrc|a//or /
lc y/cnc cat.a//j
rc |crrcr/ a ac
nct|c v/ar/ a |cat/|c
lct| cjjc/
1!
.OTES
1 lou: ccs i:io:utio:s cctillccs su: l co:st:uctio: ccs i:ciccs, voi: l`::cxc A1
! lcs ciiic:c:ccs so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivcs c:s tous lcs ,s
! l: tc:ucs st:c:ciscs, l`cc:oisscuc:t cù:c u:itc cc l vlcu: cc lì:cicc cc :ic|cssc co::c licu u:c uguc:ttio: cu
sco:c cc !0, !+ ct 1 oi:ts :cscctivcuc:t su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ;voi: t|lcu o!, ct su: lcs
cc|cllcs cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct cc cultu:c scic:tiiiquc ;voi: .oc..1c. ou: lcs co::ccs,
+ l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, lì:cicc cxliquc !o ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: cc c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc
. l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, lì:cicc cxliquc ! ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: cc c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc
o cs ciiic:c:ccs so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivcs c:s lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio: ct c:s tous lcs ,s
l: utic:c cc couuu:ictio: cultu:cllc, lcs ciiic:c:ccs so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivcs c:s tous lcs ,s lllcs lc so:t
cglcuc:t c: utic:c cc couuu:ictio: socilc c:s tous lcs ,s, sui c: ltlic lì:cicc cc couuu:ictio: cultu:cllc
cxliquc . ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it lì:cicc cc
couuu:ictio: socilc cxliquc !! ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it
ll cxistc u: ut:c uo,c: cc ucsu:c: lìuo:t:cc cc l couuu:ictio: cultu:cllc ct socilc, svoi: ctucic: s co:t:i|utio:
:cltivc ux ciiic:c:ccs cc c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it D:s tous lcs ,s cc l`Dl,
u:c :og:cssio: cù:c u:itc cc lì:cicc cc couuu:ictio: cultu:cllc co::c licu u:c uguc:ttio: cc !1 oi:ts cu sco:c
uo,c: c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it l: :cv:c|c, u:c :og:cssio: cù:c u:itc lì:cicc cc couuu:ictio: socilc :c
gc:c:c quù:c uguc:ttio: cc 10 oi:ts cu sco:c c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it
- cs ciiic:c:ccs so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivcs c:s lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio: ct c:s tous lcs ,s, sui c: lolog:c
ct u lo:tugl ou: l cultu:c ut|cutiquc
10 D:s l`:l,sc qui suit, lcs clcvcs viv:t c:s ccs iuillcs uo:o:c:tlcs so:t cou:cs ccux qui vivc:t c:s tous lcs
ut:cs t,cs cc iuillc, :otuuc:t lcs iuillcs :uclci:cs ;c`cstci:c u:c iuillc t:citio::cllc, couoscc cu c:c ct cc
l uc:c,, lcs iuillcs uixtcs ;u:c iuillc couoscc cc l uc:c ct cù: ut:c |ouuc, cu c:c ct cù:c ut:c icuuc, ou
cc ccux tutcu:s, ct tous lcs ut:cs c:vi:o::cuc:ts iuiliux ossi|lcs ;: cxculc, l :isc c: c|:gc ccs clcvcs : lcu:s
g::cs:c:ts ou : lcu:s i:c:cs ct sou:s,
11 cs ciiic:c:ccs so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivcs c:s 1+ ,s
1! Au ko,uucD:i, lcs clcvcs issus cc iuillcs uo:o:c:tlcs o:t u: :c:ccuc:t i:ic:icu: ccux qui vivc:t c:s cùt:cs
st:uctu:cs iuililcs, uis lc sco:c ccs ccux ctcgo:ics c`clcvcs cst suc:icu: u sco:c uo,c: cc l`Dl su: l`cc|cllc
cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ll :`c: v s cc uùc ux lttsD:is
1! lcs clcvcs i:c|lcs cc li:c ou cc :lc: l l:guc cu tcst :cc quìls vic:t suivi uoi:s cù:c ::cc c`ctuccs c:s l
l:guc cu tcst, o:t ctc cxclus cc l`cvlutio: ;voi: l`::cxc A!,
1+ lou: :co:c:c l qucstio: Qucllc l:guc :lczvous lc lus souvc:t l uiso: , lcs clcvcs vic:t lc c|oix c:t:c
lcs otio:s l l:guc cu tcst , cùt:cs l:gucs :tio:lcs oiiicicllcs , cùt:cs l:gucs ou cilcctcs :tio:ux ct
cùt:cs l:gucs cttc :l,sc cou:c lcs clcvcs cc l cc::ic:c ctcgo:ic ;c`cstci:c ccux qui o:t :co:cu cùt:cs
l:gucs , ccux qui :tic::c:t ux t:ois :cuic:cs ctcgo:ics c:s lcs ,s ou ! ou: cc:t u uoi:s ccs clcvcs o:t
c|oisi lòtio: cùt:cs l:gucs
1
c|o...
LLN\lkONNL!LN1 l^llkLN1l^GL
L1 LOkG^Nl^1lON
lL LLNLlGNL!LN1
cHArI1RI 1 lcrv/|orrcncr/ aa|cr//aqc c/ lo|qar/a//or ac lcrc/qrcncr/
1+
)NTRODUCTION
lc voluuc cc co::iss:ccs ct couctc:ccs cquiscs : lcs clcvcs ccc:c c:s
u:c g::cc ucsu:c cc l qulitc cc lcu: cccs ux civc:scs io:ucs c`:c:tis
sgc, t:t l`ccolc qu` l uiso: c c|it:c ou:suit lìcc:tiiictio: ccs ic
tcu:s qui co:t:i|uc:t l :cussitc scoli:c ll sc co:cc:t:c su: l`c:vi:o::cuc:t
c`:c:tissgc quc lcs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t ct lcs iuillcs oii:c:t
ux clcvcs cc 1. :s ct cou:c ccs sccts cc l gcstio: ct cu ii::ccuc:t ccs
ct|lisscuc:ts
#LIMATAUSEINDELTABLISSEMENTETDELACLASSE
Soutien des enseignants
l littc:tu:c su: l`ciiicic:cc scoli:c suggc:c quìl cst :oiit|lc ou: lcs clcvcs
;c: :ticulic: ccux co:t lc :c:ccuc:t cst ii|lc, c`voi: ccs c:scig::ts qui
u:iicstc:t lcu: i:tc:`t ou: lcs :og:cs cc lcu:s clcvcs, lcu: sou|it cc tous
lcs voi: ttci:c:c u: :ivcu cc c:io:u:cc ccct|lc ct lcu: volo:tc cc lcs
c ./a//|c cxan/rc la
ra/t|c ac la .o||cla//or
cr/|c lcrv/|orrcncr/
.ola/|c c/ la |ct//c
ac clcvc
l:cc:c 1 Interprtation des indices rIsA
D: cc:ti: :ou|:c cì:ciccs :csuuc:t lcs :co:scs ccs clcvcs ou ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t u:c
sc:ic cc qucstio: co::cxcs cs qucstio:s o:t ctc sclcctio::ccs c:s ccs co:st:ucts lus ctc:cus
su: |sc cc co:sicc:tio:s t|co:iqucs ct cc :cc|c:c|cs :tc:icu:cs
1
Voi: l`::cxc A1 ou: ccs
i:io:utio:s cctillccs su: l co:cctio: cc ccs i:ciccs
lcs i:ciccs cu c,clc llA !000 so:t |scs su: lcs :co:scs ccs clcvcs ct ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t
ccs qucstio:s o:t:t su: l`c:vi:o::cuc:t c`:c:tissgc, lò:g:istio: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ct lc
co:tcxtc cco:ouiquc ct socil c:s lcqucl sì:sc:it l`:c:tissgc lls so:t cccuits ccs cccl:tio:s
cu::t ccs clcvcs ct ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cuxuùcs, ct :o: cò|sc:vtio:s cxtc::cs lls
so:t susccti|lcs c``t:c i:iluc:ccs : ccs ciiic:c:ccs i:tc:cultu:cllcs c:s lc couo:tcuc:t cc
:co:sc ou : lòo:tu:itc socilc cc cc:ti:cs :co:scs
ll co:vic:t, lo:s cc lì:tc::cttio: ccs c|iii:cs, cc g:cc: l`cs:it lc iit quc lcs co::ccs :ccucillics u:cs
ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t so:t liuitccs cc:ti:s cg:c D:s l lu:t ccs ,s, 1.0 c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t
sculcuc:t o:t :co:cu u qucstio::i:c l: illcu:s, sìl cst v:i quc lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t so:t lcs uicux
lccs ou: iou::i: ccs i:io:utio:s u su|ct cc lcu: ct|lisscuc:t, l gc:c:listio: u cc:t cù:c sou:cc
cì:io:utio: u:iquc ou: c|quc ct|lisscuc:t ;v:t c`ct|li: ccs co::cso:c:ccs vcc lcs :co:scs ccs
clcvcs, cst u: :occcc cctou::c c :occssus cst cùt:t lus |iisc quc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c:s
c|quc coui:c c`cvlutio: ccc:c cù:c uultitucc cc ictcu:s, :otuuc:t cc l`c:scig:cuc:t :cu u
cou:s ccs ::ccs :ccccc:tcs ct s u:iqucuc:t c:c:t l c:iocc cì:tc:ctio: vcc lcu:s c:scig::ts
ctucls Ioutciois, lcs co::ccs :ccucillics g:cc u qucstio::i:c ct|lisscuc:t so:t cciii:tcs lusicu:s
cg:cs, c:s l ucsu:c ou cllcs :cvclc:t l`:oc|c cotcc : lcs uto:itcs :tio:lcs ct i:i::tio:lcs
ou: ttci:c:c lcu:s o||cctiis c: utic:c c`c:scig:cuc:t
lcs :co:scs ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:ts qui iigu:c:t c:s cc :o:t o:t ctc o:cc:ccs cc u:ic:c
cc qu`cllcs soic:t :c:csc:ttivcs cu :ou|:c c`clcvcs gcs cc 1. :s i:sc:its c:s l`ct|lisscuc:t
lcs cou:iso:s :csc:tccs c:s cc c|it:c o:tc:t su: l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc
cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, sui uc:tio: co:t:i:c
lc clcvc bcrcj/./cr/ ac
l/r/c|c/ tc lc crc/qrar/
o|/cr/ a lct| |oq|c c/ ac
la/ac t/l lct| ao|/cr/
lcrv/|orrcncr/ aa|cr//aqc c/ lo|qar/a//or ac lcrc/qrcncr/ cHArI1RI 1
1.
icc: , :vc:i: lcs clcvcs o:t ctc :ics cì:ciquc: l i:cquc:cc lqucllc
lcu: :oicsscu: cc l:guc cu tcst sì:tc:cssc ux :og:cs cc c|quc clcvc ,
co::c ux clcvcs lòccsio: c`cx:iuc: lcu:s oi:io:s , icc lcs clcvcs c:s
lcu: t:vil ct co:ti:uc cxliquc: |usqu` cc quc lcs clcvcs ic:t cou:is
lcu:s :co:scs c:ucttc:t cc cctc:ui:c: si ccs :tiqucs so:t cou:uuc:t
liquccs c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl ct c:s qucllc ucsu:c cllcs co:t:i|uc:t
uclio:c: lcs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs
D: i:cicc couositc cc soutic: ccs c:scig::ts ctc cl|o:c :ti: ccs :co:scs ux
qucstio:s c:uuc:ccs ciccssus ct ccs qucstio:s co::cxcs lcs vlcu:s suc:icu:cs
l uo,c::c cc l`Dl ;cglc zc:o, cc:otc:t u: soutic: ccs c:scig::ts suc:icu:
l uo,c::c ;cu uoi:s c:s lcs cou:s cc l:guc cu tcst,, t:cis quc lcs vlcu:s
:cgtivcs i:ciquc:t u: soutic: ccs c:scig::ts i:ic:icu: l uo,c::c
!
c so:t lcs clcvcs cÀust:lic, cu l:csil, cu :c, ccs lttsD:is, cc l

:ouvcllcZcl:cc, cu lo:tugl ct cu ko,uucD:i qui so:t lcs lus :ou|:cux
cstiuc: ositii lc soutic: ccs c:scig::ts l: co:t:stc, c: Allcug:c, c:
Aut:ic|c, c: lclgiquc, c: o:cc, c: l::cc, c: ltlic, u o:, c: lctto:ic,
u luxcu|ou:g, c: lolog:c ct c: kcu|liquc tc|cquc, lcs clcvcs cccl:c:t
|c:ciicic: cù: soutic: i:ic:icu: l uo,c::c cc l :t cc lcu: :oicsscu: cc
l:guc cu tcst ;t|lcu 1,
Ai:si, c: Aust:lic, u :c, u D:cu:|, c: lsl:cc, c: :ouvcllcZcl:cc, u
lo:tugl, u ko,uucD:i ct c: uccc, c:t:c ccux tic:s ct t:ois qu:ts ccs clcvcs
cccl:c:t quc lcu: :oicsscu: cc l:guc cu tcst co:ti:uc cxliquc: |usqu` cc quc
lcs clcvcs ic:t cou:is l lu:t ccs cou:s, voi:c c|quc cou:s l:vc:scuc:t,
c: o:cc, u o:, c: lolog:c ct c: kcu|liquc tc|cquc, uoi:s cc l uoitic c`c:t:c
cux cc sc:tiuc:t Dc uùc, c: Aust:lic, u :c, u D:cu:|, c: lo:g:ic,
c: lsl:cc, c: :ouvcllcZcl:cc, u lo:tugl, u ko,uucD:i ct c: uccc, ccux
tic:s ccs clcvcs, voi:c cv:tgc, cstiuc:t quc lcu:s :oicsscu:s c: l:guc cu tcst
sì:vcstissc:t |cucou ou: icc: lcs clcvcs l lu:t ccs cou:s ou c|quc
cou:s, lo:s quìls so:t uoi:s cù:c uoitic u:iicstc: ccttc iu:cssio: c: o:cc,
c: l::cc, u o:, u luxcu|ou:g ct c: lolog:c ;voi: .oc..1c. ou: ccs
co::ccs, lcs co::ccs ciso:i|lcs :c c:ucttc:t s cc cctc:ui:c: c:s qucllc ucsu:c
ccs :csultts :cilctc:t cc vc:it|lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:s lcs :tiqucs ct lcs ttituccs t:t
c:t:c lcs ,s quù sci: cc ccuxci ou u:iqucuc:t ccs ciiic:c:ccs c:s lcs coutcs
:c:cus su||cctiis ccs clcvcs cc c|quc ,s \lg:c ccttc :csc:vc, cc:ti:cs ciiic:c:ccs
:cvclccs : l cou:iso: ccs :csultts c:t:c civc:s ,s so:t tcllcuc:t iuo:t:tcs
qu`cllcs uc:itc:t quc lò: s`, ::`tc
l :cltio: c:t:c lc soutic: ccs c:scig::ts ct l c:io:u:cc cst coulcxc
Ai:si, c:s l ucsu:c ou lcs c:scig::ts cotc:t cv:tgc cc :tiqucs xccs
su: lc soutic: c:s ccs clsscs i:cquc:tccs cssc:ticllcuc:t : ccs clcvcs uoi:s
io:ts , o: cut suosc: quc l co::cltio: c:t:c soutic: ct c:io:u:cc sc:
:cgtivc l:llclcuc:t, si lc soutic: cst ciiiccc, il cst logiquc cc suosc: quc
lc :c:ccuc:t sc: ucillcu: c:s lcs clsscs qui |c:ciicic:t cù: lus g::c sou
tic: quc c:s lcs ut:cs
rc q|arac nao|//c ac
clcvc c cr/ ot/crtc
aar .c|/a/r ay trc
n/ro|//c aar aat/|c
la |cla//or cr/|c lc
ot//cr ac crc/qrar/
c/ la c|jo|nar.c ac
clcvc c/ .onlcxc.
1o
Ai:si quc lc lissc:t suosc: ccs o|sc:vtio:s, l :cltio: cst uitigcc ct gc:c:
lcuc:t cu u:qucc
!
Ioutciois, c:s l lu:t ccs ,s ou l vlcu: cc lì:cicc
cc soutic: ccs c:scig::ts cst o....o.. l uo,c::c cc l`Dl, l co::cltio:
c:t:c lc soutic: ccs c:scig::ts ct l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c: cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it tc:c `t:c ositivc ct sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivc ;iigu:c 1,
D:s lcs ,s ou lc soutic: cst i:ic:icu: l uo,c::c cc l`Dl, lusicu:s
tc:c:ccs so:t o|sc:vccs Ai:si, c: o:cc, u o:, c: lctto:ic ct c: lolog:c,
ou l vlcu: cc lì:cicc cc soutic: ccs c:scig::ts cst i:ic:icu:c l uo,c::c, lcs
clcvcs qui cccl:c:t |c:ciicic: cù: g::c soutic: cc l :t cc lcu: :oicsscu:
o|tic::c:t ccs sco:cs lus clcvcs c:s lcs coui:cs c`cvlutio: cu llA l:
co:t:stc, c: Allcug:c, c: lclgiquc, c: ltlic, u luxcu|ou:g ct c: kcu|liquc
tc|cquc, ou l vlcu: cc lì:cicc cst cglcuc:t i:ic:icu:c l uo,c::c, lcs clcvcs
qui cisc:t |oui: cù: g::c soutic: cc l :t cc lcu: :oicsscu: o:t tc:c:cc
voi: cc uoi:s |o:s :csultts D:s ccs ,s, .1 ou: cc:t u uoi:s ccs clcvcs
cccl:c:t quc lcu: :oicsscu: cc l:guc cu tcst :c sì:tc:cssc |uis ux
:og:cs cc c|quc clcvc ou s`, i:tc:cssc :iois ;: oositio: l
lu:t ccs cou:s ct c|quc cou:s ,, ! ou: cc:t u uoi:s ccs clcvcs
iii:uc:t quìl :c lcu: co::c |uis lòccsio: c`cx:iuc: lcu:s oi:io:s
ou :iois sculcuc:t ct . ou: cc:t u uoi:s ccs clcvcs :ctc:cc:t quìl
:c lcs icc |uis c:s lcu: :c:tissgc ou :iois sculcuc:t ;voi:
.oc..1c. ou: ccs co::ccs c|iii:ccs cct cg:c,
Dc :ou|:cux ictcu:s co:t:i|uc:t io::c: ccs uocclcs Dc :ouvcllcs
:cc|c:c|cs coivc:t `t:c uc:ccs ou: ctucic: l`c:scu|lc cc ccs ictcu:s D:s
lcs ,s ou lc soutic: ccs c:scig::ts cst i:ic:icu: l uo,c::c ct ou l
:cltio: c:t:c cc ictcu: ct l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs cst :cgtivc, il cst ossi|lc
l:qurc ?.!
outic: ccs c:scig::ts ct c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs
cc...!o.c ... !.1... 1. co.. 1. ...o . ..c.o.. o. !..|.!!. .c/... 1. .c..|..c 1. !....
l:cicc uo,c: cc soutic:
ccs c:scig::ts
suprieur l uo,c::c
cc l`Dl ;00,
l:cicc uo,c: cc soutic:
ccs c:scig::ts
inrieur l uo,c::c
cc l`Dl ;00,
o::cltio: positive c:t:c
lì:cicc cc soutic: ccs c:sci
g::ts ct l c:io:u:cc ccs
clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc
cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it
Aust:lic, l:csil, :c,
D:cu:|, lttsD:is,
lccc:tio: cc kussic,
li:l:cc, lsl:cc,
:ouvcllcZcl:cc,
ko,uucD:i, uccc
o:cc, o:, lctto:ic,
:o:vcgc, lolog:c
ls cc co::cltio:
sttistiqucuc:t
sig:iiictivc
lsg:c, G:ccc,
lo:g:ic, l:l:cc,
\cxiquc, lo:tugl
Aut:ic|c,
l::cc, l,sls,
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
o::cltio: ngative c:t:c
lì:cicc cc soutic: ccs c:scig::ts
ct l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs
su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it
licc|tc:stci:,
uissc
Allcug:c, lclgiquc,
ltlic, luxcu|ou:g
.na/ aar la lta|/ ac
ay oi l/ra/.c ac ot//cr
c/ clcvc la .o||cla//or ac
.clt/-./ avc. la c|jo|nar.c
/cra a c/|c ct na|tcc
/ar lc ay oi lc
ot//cr c/ qlobalcncr/
no/ra|c lc |ctl/a/
or/ lt .or/|a/c.
.ct/-c/|c a|.c tc lc
ot//cr ac crc/qrar/ a
/craar.c a c l/n//c| atx
clcvc lc no/r c|jo|nar/
1
100 . .0 !. 0
l:qurc ?.2
lc cliut c':c:tissgc lc oi:t cc vuc ccs c|cis c'ct|lisscuc:t
r.o...c 1. co...o. c,. 1'.!.. .... 1o 1. ..c!. 1c !. .|. 1'.o/!... c 1..!o.. o.
!'o...o. 1. .!.. . . 1o o. ...o.. .o.. o. !. o..o. o.o
Ieves qui intimident ou

brutaIisent d'autres Ieves
Consommation d'aIcooI ou
de drogues iIIgaIes
Manque de respect des
Ieves envers Ies enseignants
Ieves qui secnent Ies cours
Ieves qui perturbent Ies cours
Absentisme des Ieves
14 ]0.5)
9 ]0.4)
24 ]0.)
33 ]0.)
42 ]0.7)
4B ]0.7)
quc ccttc ttitucc cc soutic: soit uoi:s :c:cc c:s l cultu:c :oicssio::cllc ccs
c:scig::ts quc c:s cùt:cs ,s ll cst :o||lc : illcu:s quc lcs c:scig::ts
liuitc:t lcu:s ciio:ts c: l utic:c ux clsscs ou ux clcvcs qui :c:co:t:c:t lcs lus
g::ccs ciiiicultcs u cut`t:c iutil ttci:c:c u:c ussc c:itiquc cc soutic:
ccs c:scig::ts c:s u: ct|lisscuc:t ou: quc lcs ciicts c: soic:t suiiisuuc:t
sc:si|lcs ou: i:iluc:cc: ositivcuc:t l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs
Facteurs troubIant Ie cIimat de I`tabIissement et imputabIes aux Ieves
Dcs qucstio:s c:uctt:t cìcc:tiiic: ct cc cou:c: lcs ictcu:s qui t:ou|lc:t
lc cliut c`:c:tissgc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts, tcls quìls so:t c:us : lcs
clcvcs ct lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t, o:t ctc i:cluscs c:s lcs qucstio::i:cs
clcvc ct ct|lisscuc:t cu llA lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t o:t ctc :ics
cì:ciquc: c:s qucllc ucsu:c l`:c:tissgc ccs clcvcs ctit g`:c : ccs
ictcu:s tcls l`|sc:tcisuc ccs clcvcs, l co:souutio: c`lcool ou cc c:ogucs
illcglcs ou l c:tu:|tio: ccs cou:s : ccs clcvcs Qu:t ux clcvcs, il lcu:
ctc ccu:cc qucllc i:cquc:cc ccs situtio:s c:tu:|:t lcs cou:s cc l:guc
cu tcst sc :ocuisic:t lls o:t ctc :ics cì:ciquc: l i:cquc:cc ccs situtio:s
l|- a cxan/rc aar
tcllc nct|c
la|cr//aqc c/ qcrc
a| ac .ono|/cncr/
tqc /r.orvcrar/
a| lc ./cj
ac/abl/cncr/
1
suiv:tcs lcs clcvcs :c cuvc:t s |ic: t:villc: , ll , cu |:uit ct cc
l`gittio: ct Au cc|ut cu cou:s, lus cc ci:q ui:utcs sc ssc:t s:s quò:
:c issc :ic: ll co:vic:t toutciois cc ii:c :cuvc cc :ucc:cc lo:s cc lì:
tc::cttio: cc ccs :csultts l: ciict, lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t ccs civc:s ,s
:`liquc:t s tous lcs uùcs c:itc:cs lo:squìls quliiic:t lc cliut c`
:c:tissgc cc lcu: ct|lisscuc:t Ai:si, il sc cut quc c:s lcs ,s ou l`|sc:
tcisuc cst gc:c:lcuc:t ii|lc ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t co:sicc:c:t quc uùc
u: tux uoccstc c`|sc:tcisuc t:ou|lc g:vcuc:t l ciscili:c , oi:io: quc :c
:tgc:t s :cccssi:cuc:t lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:ts situcs c:s ccs ,s ou
l`|sc:tcisuc cst lus iuo:t:t
D:s l`c:scu|lc ccs ,s cc l`Dl, lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cstiuc:t quc
l`|sc:tcisuc ccs clcvcs cst lò|stclc lc lus i:cquc:t l`:c:tissgc + ou:
cc:t c`c:t:c cux c: uo,c::c |ugc:t quc l`|sc:tcisuc g`:c |cucou ou c:s
u:c cc:ti:c ucsu:c l`:c:tissgc ccs clcvcs cc 1. :s ;voi: l iigu:c ! ct
.oc..1c., lc ccuxicuc ictcu: co:t lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t iii:uc:t quìl
g`:c l`:c:tissgc cst lc iit ccs clcvcs qui c:tu:|c:t lcs cou:s ;+! ou: cc:t
ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t,, suivi : ccs clcvcs qui scc|c:t lcs cou:s ;!! ou:
cc:t, ct cu u:quc cc :cscct ccs clcvcs c:vc:s lcs c:scig::ts ;!+ ou: cc:t,
Quto:zc ou: cc:t c`c:t:c cux cstiuc:t quc l`:c:tissgc ccs |cu:cs cc 1. :s cst
g`:c |cucou ou c:s u:c cc:ti:c ucsu:c : lcs clcvcs qui i:tiuicc:t ou
|:utlisc:t cùt:cs clcvcs
l c:tc cc tcus u cc|ut cu cou:s cst lc :o|lcuc cc ciscili:c lc lus
souvc:t citc : lcs clcvcs l: uo,c::c, +0 ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs iii:uc:t quc,
c:s l lu:t ccs cou:s ou c:s c|quc cou:s cc l l:guc cu tcst, u cc|ut
cu cou:s, ci:q ui:utcs sc ssc:t s:s quò: :c issc :ic: ct !. ou: cc:t,
quìls :c couuc:cc:t t:villc: quc |ic: :cs lc cc|ut ccs cou:s ;voi: l
iigu:c ! ct .oc..1c., Dc uùc, :ui lcs ,s cc l`Dl, u: tic:s
ccs clcvcs cccl:c:t quc lc :oicsscu: coit ttc:c:c u: lo:g uouc:t v:t
quc lcs clcvcs sc cluc:t ct quc il , cu |:uit ct cc l`gittio: cu::t l
lu:t ccs cou:s ou c|quc cou:s cc l l:guc cu tcst Ai:si, u D:cu:|,
c: lsl:cc, u o:, u \cxiquc, c: lolog:c, u ko,uucD:i ct c: uissc,
uoi:s cù: clcvc su: ci:q cccl:c quc lcs clcvcs :`ccoutc:t s cc quc cit lc
:oicsscu: , co:t:c u: clcvc su: t:ois c: o:cc ct c: ltlic
cs uo,c::cs c:ucttc:t cc ccggc: u:c tc:c:cc gc:c:lc, qui s`liquc
l`c:scu|lc cc l`Dl ll iut ccc:c:t soulig:c: qu`cllcs usquc:t u:c v:i
tio: co:sicc:|lc c:t:c ct u sci: ccs ,s cc l`Dl Dcs i:ciccs couositcs
o:t ctc co:us su: l |sc ccs :co:scs ccs clcvcs ct ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:ts
ou: cctc:ui:c: lùlcu: ccs ciiic:c:ccs sclo: lcs ,s lcs vlcu:s o....o..
zc:o cc lì:cicc :csuu:t lcs c:cctio:s ccs clcvcs cc:otc:t u: cliut ositii
cu s,stcuc c`c:scig:cuc:t lcs vlcu:s o....o.. zc:o cc lì:cicc :csuu:t
lcs c:cctio:s : lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t i:ciquc:t quc ccuxci cstiuc:t quc
lc cliut cc ciscili:c cst ositii, c`cstci:c quc, : :o:t l uo,c::c
cc l`Dl, l`:c:tissgc cst uoi:s g`:c : lcs civc:s ictcu:s uxqucls il
/a/ lc ./cna va|/cr/
clor lc ay .onnc
la//c/cr/ actx /ra/.c
la c|.c//or at .l/na/
aa|cr//aqc a| lc
clcvc c/ a| lc ./cj
ac/abl/cncr/
l|c atrc no///c acr/|c
ctx or/ |co..tc a|
lcjjc/ ac labcr/c/nc
c/ ac la c|/t|ba//or
ac .ot|.
./ara/ tc lc clcvc
c ot./cr/ t|/ot/ ac la
c|/c ac /cn avar/ tc
lc .ot| rc .onncr.c
|ccllcncr/
1-
cst iit :cic:c:cc l: illcu:s, lcs vlcu:s .....o.. zc:o :cilctc:t lòi:io:
quc lc cliut c`:c:tissgc ;ou: lì:cicc |sc su: lcs c:cctio:s ccs c|cis
c`ct|lisscuc:t, ct cc ciscili:c ;ou: lì:cicc |sc su: lcs c:cctio:s ccs
clcvcs, so:t uoi:s |o:s quc l uo,c::c, :cscctivcuc:t
`cst c: lccc:tio: cc kussic ct c: G:ccc quc lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cstiuc:t
`t:c co:i:o:tcs ux :o|lcucs cc ciscili:c lcs lus g:vcs lls tt:i|uc:t ccs
:o|lcucs l`|sc:tcisuc ct u iit quc lcs clcvcs c:tu:|c:t lcs cou:s
ct scc|c:t lcs cou:s Ai:si, c: lccc:tio: cc kussic, ou: u:c :oo:tio: cc
c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t :c:csc:t:t . ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs cc 1. :s cc cc ,s,
l`:c:tissgc cst g`:c |cucou ou c:s u:c cc:ti:c ucsu:c : lcs
clcvcs qui scc|c:t lcs cou:s ;voi: .oc..1c. ou: ccs co::ccs,
`cst c: o:cc, u D:cu:|, u o: ct c: kcu|liquc tc|cquc quc lcs c|cis
c`ct|lisscuc:t cstiuc:t voi: lc uoi:s cc :o|lcucs cc ciscili:c ;t|lcu !,
uis, uùc c:s ccs ,s qui sc ccu:quc:t ivo:|lcuc:t ccs ut:cs cct
cg:c, lcs :co:scs ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t :c c:ucttc:t s cc c:sc: quìl
:`, ucu: :o|lcuc
100 . .0 !. 0
l:qurc ?.3
lc cliut c':c:tissgc lc oi:t cc vuc ccs clcvcs
r.o...c 1. co...o. c,. 1'.!.. o. c 1..!o.. o. !. o..o. o.o 'o!.oo.. o .|oo. .co.
co o !o !oo. 1. .co.
Au dbut du cours, pIus de

cinq minutes se passent sans
qu'on ne fasse rien
lI y a du bruit et de I'agitation
Les Ieves ne commencent a
travaiIIer que bien apres Ie
dbut des cours
Les Ieves n'coutent pas ce
que dit Ie professeur
Les Ieves ne peuvent pas bien
travaiIIer
Le professeur doit attendre un
Iong moment avant que Ies
Ieves se caIment
40 ]0.2)
31 ]0.2)
2 ]0.1)
24 ]0.2)
20 ]0.1)
33 ]0.2)
lc lt |co..tc or/
aa|cnncr/ .ctx ac
C|c.c c/ ac |cac|a//or ac
|t/c.
.c/ lc no/r ot./ctx
or/ .ctx ac la o|cc
at /arcna|k at aor
c/ ac la |ctbl/tc
/./ctc.
:co... lsc cc co::ccs llA cc l`Dl, !001 Voi: .oc..1c. ou: lcs co::ccs
10
A tit:c c`cxculc, :c:o:s lc cs cc l o:cc ct cu o:, ccux ccs t:ois ,s
ou lcs :o|lcucs cc ciscili:c so:t :cltivcuc:t ::cs c:s l`c:scu|lc, i:si
quc lc uo:t:c l vlcu: cc lì:cicc qui :csuuc lcs c:cctio:s : lcs c|cis
c`ct|lisscuc:ts ccs ictcu:s t:ou|l:t lc cliut cc ciscili:c iuut|lcs ux
clcvcs Au o:, l`:c:tissgc ccucu:c ou:t:t g`:c c:s u:c cc:ti:c
ucsu:c ou |cucou : l`|sc:tcisuc sclo: !- ou: cc:t ccs c|cis
c`ct|lisscuc:t ;co:t:c + ou: cc:t c: uo,c::c c:s l`Dl,, : lcs clcvcs
qui scc|c:t lcs cou:s ou: 1 ou: cc:t c`c:t:c cux ;!! ou: cc:t c: uo,c::c
c:s l`Dl,, : lcs clcvcs qui u:quc:t cc :cscct c:vc:s lcs c:scig::ts
ou: !- ou: cc:t c`c:t:c cux ;!+ ou: cc:t c: uo,c::c c:s l`Dl, ct
: lcs clcvcs qui i:tiuicc:t ou |:utlisc:t cùt:cs clcvcs ou: . ou:
cc:t c`c:t:c cux ;1+ ou: cc:t c: uo,c::c c:s l`Dl, ;voi: l iigu:c !
ct .oc..1c., Dc uùc, c: o:cc, lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cstiuc:t
quc l`:c:tissgc cst g`:c c:s u:c cc:ti:c ucsu:c ou |cucou :
l`|sc:tcisuc ;!0 ou: cc:t c`c:t:c cux,, : lcs clcvcs qui c:tu:|c:t lcs
cou:s ;1 ou: cc:t,, : lcs clcvcs qui scc|c:t lcs cou:s ;1+ ou: cc:t, ct
: lcs clcvcs qui u:quc:t cc :cscct c:vc:s lcs c:scig::ts ;!- ou: cc:t,
cs o|sc:vtio:s i:ciquc:t quìl :cstc ossi|lc cùclio:c: lcs c|oscs uùc c:s
lcs ,s ou lcs :o|lcucs so:t lcs lus ::cs
l: lccc:tio: cc kussic, u o:, c: lctto:ic, u licc|tc:stci:, c: lolog:c
ct c: uissc, lcs clcvcs cccl:c:t :c viv:c quc ::cuc:t ccs situtio:s c:tu:|
t:iccs u cou:s ;t|lcu !, l: :cv:c|c, u l:csil, c: G:ccc ct c: :o:vcgc,
lcs clcvcs :ctc:cc:t quc lcu:s cou:s so:t i:cqucuuc:t c:tu:|cs : ccs
couo:tcuc:ts i::o:ics
Qucllcs so:t lcs siuilituccs c:t:c lcs c:cctio:s ccs clcvcs ct ccllcs ccs c|cis
c`ct|lisscuc:t ouuc :ous l`vo:s :ccisc u:v:t, lcs qucstio::i:cs
t:itc:t tous ccux cu cliut c`:c:tissgc, uis |o:cc:t cc |c:ouc:c sous
ccs :glcs ciiic:c:ts lls o:t toutciois ctc co:us cc u:ic:c uto:isc: l
cou:iso: i:ci:cctc ccs ccux c:scctivcs l`cg:c cu cliut c`:c:tis
sgc lou: cc ii:c, il suiiit cc cou:c: lcs :co:scs glo|lcs ccs u:s ct ccs
ut:cs ux ccux |cux cc qucstio:s cttc :l,sc uo:t:c quc c:s cc :ou|:cux
,s, il cxistc u:c g::cc co:vc:gc:cc cc vucs c:t:c lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t
ct lcs clcvcs l`cg:c ccs ictcu:s scciiiqucs ux clcvcs qui o:t u: iuct su:
lc cliut cc ciscili:c Ioutciois, il cst :otc: quc cc:ti:s ,s cc|c:t l
:cglc ;iigu:c +,
Qucllc cst l :cltio: c:t:c l c:cctio: cu cliut c`:c:tissgc ct l
c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs cttc qucstio: cst u cou: cc l`:l,sc lcs
t|lcux ! ct ! i:ciquc:t lcs sco:cs uo,c:s su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou
:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ccs clcvcs ccs qu:tilcs suc:icu: ct i:ic:icu: c: io:ctio:
ccs i:ciccs cc cliut c`:c:tissgc c:s c|quc ,s ;lc qu:tilc suc:icu:
co::cso:c:t u cliut c`:c:tissgc lc lus ivo:|lc, D:s cc :ou|:cux
,s, lcs ictcu:s t:ou|l:t lc cliut cc ciscili:c qui so:t iuut|lcs ux clcvcs,
tcls quìls so:t c:us : lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t, so:t ct:oitcuc:t lics l
.na/ /l |c/c o/blc
aancl/o|c| lc ./oc
ncnc aar lc ay oi
lc |oblcnc or/ lc
lt |a|c
- b/cr ac cqa|a lc
o/r/ ac vtc ac clcvc
t| lc .l/na/ ac
lc/abl/cncr/
|co/qrcr/ .ctx ac ./cj
ac/abl/cncr/
la c|jo|nar.c ac
clcvc c/ c/|o//cncr/
ao./cc at .l/na/
aa|cr//aqc
a|//.tl/c|cncr/ aa|c
lc ./cj
ac/abl/cncr/.
11
1.0 100 0.0 000 0.0 100 1.0
lnfrieur
a Ia moyenne
OCDE
Suprieur
a Ia moyenne
OCDE
l:qurc ?.=
lc cliut c':c:tissgc s,:t|csc
i1... 1o .!.o 1. 1...!.. . .1... 1. o..o. .co/!o .. .!.o . .oo/!. oo .!..
:c. lou: u:c ccii:itio: ccs i:ciccs, voi: l'::cxc A1
:co... lsc cc co::ccs llA cc l'Dl, !001 I|lcux ! ct !
l:cicc cu cliut cc ciscili:c,
sclo: lcs clcvcs
l:cicc ccs ictcu:s t:ou|l:t lc cliut cc ciscili:c ct
iuut|lcs ux clcvcs, sclo: lcs c|cis c'ct|lisscuc:ts
]apon
Idration de Russie
rays-Bas
1
Brsii
Iettonie
roiogne
suisse
Hongrie
core
Autriche
Meique
Rpubiique tchque
Iuembourg
Aiiemagne
Iriande
Itats-unis
Royaume-uni
rortugai
Isiande
Austraiie
Beigique
canada
Nouveiie-Ziande
Iiniande
Ispagne
sude
Danemark
Itaiie
Norvge
Grce
1!
c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs Ai:si, c: Allcug:c, c: lclgiquc, c: lo:g:ic, c: ltlic,
u o:, ux l,sls, c: lolog:c ct u ko,uucD:i, cct i:cicc cxliquc
c:t:c 1! ct !1 ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc c: cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it
+
D:s ccs ,s, l`cc:t cc c:io:u:cc c:t:c lcs qu:tilcs suc:icu:
ct i:ic:icu: cc lì:cicc cc c:cctio: : lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t ccs ictcu:s
t:ou|l:t lc cliut cc ciscili:c iuut|lcs ux clcvcs cst cou:is c:t:c 0
ct 11+ oi:ts l :cltio: c:t:c lc cliut cc ciscili:c tcl quìl cst c:u :
lcs clcvcs ct l c:io:u:cc c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it tc:c `t:c uoi:s
u:qucc, uis cllc cst u:iicstc c:s cc :ou|:cux ,s
.

lc uocc c`ctio: cc ccs :cltio:s ct lcs cvc:tucls ictcu:s co:tcxtucls ct
i:tc:uccii:cs susccti|lcs cì:iluc:cc: ccs :cltio:s so:tc:t cu cc:c cu
:csc:t :o:t i:itil lls coivc:t ii:c lò||ct cc :cc|c:c|cs ct c`:l,scs lus
oussccs
Facteurs troubIant Ie cIimat de discipIine et imputabIes aux enseignants
lo:s cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000, lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t o:t cglcuc:t
ctc :ics cc liv:c: lcu:s iu:cssio:s su: lcs ictcu:s t:ou|l:t lc cliut cc
ciscili:c qui so:t iuut|lcs ux c:scig::ts ll lcu: lus :ticulic:cuc:t
ctc ccu:cc cì:ciquc: c:s qucllc ucsu:c l`:c:tissgc ccs |cu:cs ctit g`:c
c:s lcu: ct|lisscuc:t : lc :ivcu t:o |s ccs ttc:tcs ccs c:scig::ts ,
: ccs :cltio:s uccioc:cs c:t:c clcvcs ct c:scig::ts , : l`|sc:tcisuc
ccs c:scig::ts , : l :csist:cc u c|:gcuc:t cu c:so::cl ct : lc
iit quc lcs c:scig::ts :c :c:co:t:c:t s lcs |csoi:s i:civicucls ccs clcvcs
ct quc lcs clcvcs :c so:t s c:cou:gcs co::c: l lci:c ucsu:c cc lcu:s
ccitcs lcs :co:scs ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t o:t ctc cou|i:ccs ou:
co:st:ui:c u: i:cicc couositc cc ictcu:s t:ou|l:t lc cliut cc ciscili:c ct
iuut|lcs ux c:scig::ts lcs vlcu:s ositivcs cc cct i:cicc i:ciquc:t quc
lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cstiuc:t quc ccs ictcu:s :c g`:c:t s l`:c:tis
sgc ccs clcvcs ou quìls lc t:ou|lc:t c:s u:c uoi:c:c ucsu:c : :o:t
l uo,c::c cc l`Dl A lì:vc:sc, lcs vlcu:s :cgtivcs uo:t:c:t quc lcs
c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cstiuc:t quc cc:ti:s couo:tcuc:ts ccs c:scig::ts
c:t:vc:t cv:tgc l`:c:tissgc quc c:s l uo,c::c ccs ,s cc l`Dl
l: cou:iso: ux ut:cs ,s, lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cc l lccc:tio: cc
kussic, cc G:ccc, cu luxcu|ou:g, cu \cxiquc ct ccs l,sls co:sicc:c:t
quc cc so:t ccs ictcu:s iuut|lcs ux c:scig::ts qui c:t:vc:t lc lus
l`:c:tissgc Dùt:c :t, c: o:cc, u D:cu:|, c: lo:g:ic, c: lsl:cc,
c: lctto:ic ct c: kcu|liquc tc|cquc, lc cliut cc ciscili:c cst lc uoi:s
t:ou|lc : ccs ictcu:s, sclo: lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t ;t|lcu +,
l: toutc logiquc, l :cltio: c:t:c l c:cctio: ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t ccs ictcu:s
t:ou|l:t lc cliut cc ciscili:c ct iuut|lcs ux c:scig::ts ct l c:io:u:cc c:
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it tc:c `t:c ositivc c:s l lu:t ccs ,s l: cùt:cs
tc:ucs, lus ccs ictcu:s so:t :coccu:ts, uoi:s l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c:
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cst |o::c lo:cc cst cc co:sttc: quc lìuo:t:cc cc ccttc
:cltio: :`cst guc:c :o:o:ccc, sui c:s quclqucs ::cs cs
o
;voi: t|lcu +,
.b/cr tc ac ronb|ctx
ja./ct| .or/cx/tcl c/
/r/c|nca/a/|c t/cr/
.or/|/btc| a .c//c |cla//or
lc l|- a cqalcncr/
cxan/rc / .c|/a/r
.ono|/cncr/ c/
a////tac ac crc/qrar/
c/a/cr/ c|,t .onnc
qcrar/ la|cr//aqc.
.c/ a .or.lt a trc
|cla//or /crtc avc. la
c|jo|nar.c ac clcvc
1!
ut:c ccs qucstio:s :cltivcs ux ictcu:s t:ou|l:t lc cliut cc ciscili:c ct
iuut|lcs ux c:scig::ts, il cglcuc:t ctc ccu:cc ux c|cis c`ct|lissc
uc:t cc liv:c: lcu: sc:tiuc:t su: lc uo:l ct l`c:ggcuc:t ccs c:scig::ts lls
o:t ctc :ics cì:ciquc: c:s qucllc ucsu:c ils ctic:t c`cco:c ou :o: vcc ccs
iii:utio:s tcllcs quc lcs c:scig::ts :c::c:t lcu: t:vil t:cs cou: ,
lcs c:scig::ts so:t iic:s cc cct ct|lisscuc:t ct lc uo:l cst t:cs |o: c:s
cct ct|lisscuc:t D: i:cicc cc uo:l ct c`c:ggcuc:t ccs c:scig::ts ctc
cl|o:c :ti: cc ccs :co:scs c:s l`Dl, l vlcu: uo,c::c cst iixcc
zc:o lcs vlcu:s suc:icu:cs i:ciquc:t ccs c:cctio:s lus ositivcs cu uo:l
ct cc l`c:ggcuc:t ccs c:scig::ts
`cst lÀut:ic|c qui iiic|c l vlcu: l lus clcvcc ou: cct i:cicc sclo: lcs
c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t, lc uo:l ccs c:scig::ts cst cxccllc:t A lùt:c cxt:ùc,
lcs vlcu:s lcs lus ii|lcs so:t c::cgist:ccs c: o:cc, c: ltlic, c: lolog:c ct
u lo:tugl D:s ccs ,s, lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cstiuc:t quc lc uo:l ct
l`c:ggcuc:t ccs c:scig::ts so:t :cltivcuc:t ii|lcs ;t|lcu .,
l :cltio: c:t:c lc uo:l ct l`c:ggcuc:t ccs c:scig::ts tcls quìls so:t
c:us : lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t ct lcs sco:cs ccs clcvcs c: cou:c
|c:sio: cc l`cc:it tc:c `t:c uoccstc, uis cllc cst lus u:iicstc c:s
cc:ti:s ,s quc c:s cùt:cs A tit:c c`cxculc, cito:s l lclgiquc, lc
o:, lc luxcu|ou:g ct l lolog:c, ou lì:cicc cc uo:l ct c`c:ggcuc:t ccs
or/ cqalcncr/ c/c
/r/c||oqc at tc/ at
no|al c/ ac lcrqaqcncr/
ac crc/qrar/.
100 . .0 !. 0
l:qurc ?.5
lctcu:s t:ou|l:t lc cliut cc ciscili:c ct iuut|lcs ux c:scig::ts
r.o...c 1. co...o. c,. 1'.!.. .... 1o 1. ..c!. 1c !. .|. 1'.o/!... ... o.
!'o...o. 1. .!.. . . 1o o. ...o.. .o.. co /.oo.co o. !. o..o. o.o
Le fait que Ies Ieves ne soient
pas encourags a donner Ia
pIeine mesure de Ieurs capacits
La rsistance au cnangement
du personneI
L'absentisme des
enseignants
Les enseignants qui ne
rpondent pas aux besoins
individueIs des Ieves
Des reIations mdiocres entre
Ieves et enseignants
2 ]0.7)
2 ]0.7)
1 ]0.5)
32 ]0.7)
13 ]0.5)
.c/ lao./a//or avc. la
c|jo|nar.c c |cvclc
noac/c b/cr tc lt
ajj/|ncc aar .c|/a/r ay
1+
c:scig::ts cxliquc c:t:c + ct ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc
c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, ct lÀust:lic, l o:cc, l`lsg:c, l lccc:tio:
cc kussic, l lo:g:ic ct lc ko,uucD:i, ou cct i:cicc cxliquc cc lus cc
! ou: cc:t cc l v:itio:
,APPRENTISSAGEENDEHORSDUCADRESCOLAIRE
lcs ccciccu:s ccsi:cux cùclio:c: lc :c:ccuc:t cc l`c:scig:cuc:t c|c:c|c:t
uguc:tc: l cu:cc ccs ctivitcs c`:c:tissgc ccs clcvcs ou uicux cxloitc:
lc tcus qui lcu: cst iu:ti lc tcus c`c:scig:cuc:t, c`cstci:c lc :ou|:c
c`|cu:cs quc l`clcvc co:sc:c l`:c:tissgc o:g:isc, ccc:c cc ictcu:s tcls
quc l tillc cc l clssc, lcs |o:i:cs cc t:vil ccs c:scig::ts ;:ou|:c c`|cu:cs
c`c:scig:cuc:t, ct lc :o:t clcvcsc:scig::t l`cquili|:c otiul c:t:c ccs
ictcu:s v:ic sclo: lcs utic:cs ct sclo: lcs :ivcux c`c:scig:cuc:t
lcs olitiqucs ct :tiqucs cotccs l`cg:c ccs ccvoi:s couicilc i:tc:vic::c:t
cglcuc:t c:s ccttc cqutio: lllcs cuvc:t voi: u:c g::cc i:iluc:cc su:
lc tcus quc lcs clcvcs co:sc:c:t l`:c:tissgc D:s cc :ou|:cux ,s
cc l`Dl, lcs ccvoi:s :c:csc:tc:t u:c :t u|cu:c cu tcus c`:c:
tissgc ccs clcvcs lo:s cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000, lcs clcvcs o:t ctc
:ics cì:ciquc: cou|ic: cc tcus ils co:sc:ic:t c|quc scui:c ii:c lcu:s
ccvoi:s ct ctucic: ou: lcs cou:s cc l:guc cu tcst, cc ut|cutiqucs ct cc
scic:ccs ;iigu:c o,
lcu:s :co:scs ccttc qucstio: o:t c:uis cc clculc: quc +o |cu:cs ctic:t c:
uo,c::c co:sc:ccs u:iqucuc:t ux t:ois utic:cs cvluccs c:s lc llA lc
tcus cc ccvoi: cst cou:is c:t:c !! |cu:cs ou uoi:s u o: ct c: uccc ct
. |cu:cs ou lus c: G:ccc ct c: lo:g:ic ;iigu:c o,
c c|iii:c cst cou:c:

u:c uo,c::c cc 1! |cu:cs cc cou:s : scui:c :cvucs u :og:uuc ou:
ccs su|cts ;Dl, !001, Dc lus, u:c :oo:tio: co:sicc:|lc c`clcvcs o:t
cccl:c suiv:c :iois ou :cgulic:cuc:t ccs cou:s coulcuc:ti:cs ou cc
:tt:gc c: cc|o:s cc lcu: ct|lisscuc:t c`c:scig:cuc:t c:s lc |ut cùclio:c:
lcu:s couctc:ccs l: uo,c::c c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, !. ou: cc:t ccs
clcvcs cccl:c:t voi: :iois ou :cgulic:cuc:t suivi ccs cou:s c: l:guc
cc l`cvlutio:, c: cùt:cs utic:cs ou ccs cou:s sulcuc:ti:cs c: cc|o:s
cc l`ccolc u cou:s ccs t:ois cc::ic:cs ::ccs l: o:cc ct u o:, ils so:t
:cscctivcuc:t 1 ct o+ ou: cc:t ;t|lcu ,
lcs ccvoi:s oii:c:t l`clcvc l ossi|ilitc cc co:sc:c: cv:tgc cc tcus
l`:c:tissgc lls ccv:ic:t `t:c ssocics cc u:ic:c ositivc u :c:ccuc:t
Ioutciois, lusicu:s ut:cs ictcu:s couliquc:t ccttc :cltio: Ai:si, lcs
c:scig::ts tc:cc:t co::c: cv:tgc cc ccvoi:s ;ou c: co::c: lus :cgulic
:cuc:t, ux clcvcs qui c: o:t lc lus |csoi: ou: uclio:c: lcu:s c:io:u:ccs
l: illcu:s, il cut illoi: lus cc tcus ux :c::ts lcs uoi:s :iccs
ou: ii:c lcu:s ccvoi:s l:ii:, lcs clcvcs qui cisc:t co:sc:c: :cltivcuc:t cu
cc tcus lcu:s ccvoi:s cuvc:t `t:c soit cc |o:s clcvcs qui ::ivc:t
tc:ui:c: lcu:s ccvoi:s :iccuc:t, soit ccs clcvcs ccuotivcs qui :c ssc:t
guc:c cc tcus sc liv:c: ccs ctivitcs scoli:cs l uiso:
lc /cn aa|cr//aqc
ao// c/|c t//l/c c/ |ca|//
cjj/.a.cncr/
lc acvo/| c/ lc at/|c
jo|nc aa|cr//aqc
cr ac/o| at .aa|c
.ola/|c otcr/ tr |olc
/no|/ar/.
.avc. lc acvo/|
|c|ccr/ar/ |c atr
//c| at /cn
aa|cr//aqc .ora.|c
atx aona/rc l|- a
lc.olc
lot| a/jjc|cr/c |a/or
lc clcvc t/ .ora.|cr/
lc lt ac /cn atx
acvo/| rc or/ a
/otot| lc clcvc lc
lt c|jo|nar/.
1.
100 0.0 000 0.0 100
5.B
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.4
5.0
4.9
5.0
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.5
4.
4.3
4.3
4.4
3.9
4.0
3.5
3.
3.3
3.5
2.9
4.4
4.1
m
m
m
7.0
l:qurc ?.c
Icus co:sc:c ux ccvoi:s
i1... 1o . .co... oo 1.c.. . !oo. 1o ., . o|.o.o. . . .....
:c. lou: u:c ccii:itio: cc l'i:cicc, voi: l'::cxc A1
:co... lsc cc co::ccs llA cc l'Dl, !001 I|lcu o
Estimation du nombre d'neures moyen consacres aux
devoirs pour Ies cours de Iangue du test, de
matnmatiques et de sciences
Grce
Iiechtenstein
rays-Bas
1
Hongrie
Royaume-uni
Ispagne
roiogne
Meique
Itaiie
Iriande
rortugai
Irance
canada
Nouveiie-Ziande
Austraiie
Danemark
Isiande
Aiiemagne
Itats-unis
Norvge
Beigique
core
suisse
Iuembourg
Iiniande
Rpubiique tchque
sude
Autriche
]apon
Idration de Russie
Iettonie
Brsii
lnfrieur
a Ia moyenne
OCDE
Suprieur
a Ia moyenne
OCDE
1o
lic: quc lcs iccttcs cc ccttc :cltio: soic:t :ou|:cuscs, l co::cltio: c:t:c lc
tcus co:sc:c ux ccvoi:s c:s lcs t:ois utic:cs ct l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs
tc:c `t:c s,stcutiqucuc:t ositivc lou: :occcc: l`:l,sc tcc|:iquc cc
ccttc co::cltio:, il cst :cic:|lc cc co:st:ui:c u: i:cicc, siuili:c ccux utiliscs
lus |ut c:s cc c|it:c, qui cou|i:c lcs :co:scs ccs clcvcs :oos cu tcus
co:sc:c ux ccvoi:s c:s lcs utic:cs iic:c:tcs ux t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio:
cu llA ct i:cicc cst :csc:tc c:s lc t|lcu o ct l iigu:c o
lì:cicc cc ccvoi: cxliquc c:t:c ct 1. ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: cc l
c:io:u:cc c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it c: Aust:lic, c: lclgiquc, c: lsg:c,
ux lttsD:is, c: lccc:tio: cc kussic, c: l::cc, c: G:ccc, c: lo:g:ic, c:
ltlic, c: lolog:c ct u ko,uucD:i
-
l co::cltio: tc:c `t:c lus u:qucc
c:s lcs ,s ou l vlcu: uo,c::c cc lì:cicc cst suc:icu:c 0! c co:stt
suggc:c quìl iut cut`t:c ttci:c:c u: cc:ti: voluuc cc ccvoi:s ou: quc ccs
ciicts ositiis soic:t :cssc:tis
c:ti:s :c:oc|c:t ux ccvoi:s c`ccc:tuc: lcs cis:itcs cc c:io:u:cc
suscitccs : ccs ictcu:s lics u uilicu iuilil cttc o||cctio: cst io:ccc
c:s cc:ti:s ,s, tcls quc l lclgiquc, l o:cc, l G:ccc, l lo:g:ic ct lc
ko,uucD:i, ou lì:cicc sociocco:ouiquc cc sttut :oicssio::cl cxliquc
! ou: cc:t ou lus cc l v:itio: cc lì:cicc cc ccvoi: l: :cv:c|c, c:s
cùt:cs ,s ;l`ltlic ct l lolog:c, : cxculc,, l :cltio: c:t:c lì:cicc
llA cc ccvoi: ct l c:io:u:cc c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cst ositivc l
:cltio: c:t:c cct i:cicc ct lì:cicc sociocco:ouiquc cc sttut :oicssio::cl ,
cst :tiqucuc:t i:cxist:tc c co:stt suggc:c quìl cst ossi|lc cc co::c:
ccs ccvoi:s cc u:ic:c iuliquc: tout ut:t lcs clcvcs issus cc uilicux socio
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des tabIissements
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L'inadquation de
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Le manque d'quipements
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I'enseignement
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Dfinir Ies poIitiques
d'vaIuation des Ieves
Dcider de I'admission des
Ieves dans I'tabIissement
Cnoisir Ies manueIs a utiIiser
Dterminer Ie contenu des
cours
Dcider queIs cours doivent
tre proposs
tabIir Ie budget de
I'tabIissement
Dterminer Ies augmentations
de saIaire des enseignants
Dterminer Ie saIaire initiaI
des enseignants
Congdier Ies enseignants
Engager Ies enseignants
1-!
D:cu:|, ux lttsD:is, c: lsl:cc, c: kcu|liquc tc|cquc, u ko,uuc
D:i, c: uccc ct c: uissc, c:t:c -! ct -- ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs so:t i:sc:its c:s
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts qui :ticic:t c:s u:c cc:ti:c ucsu:c l`c:ggcuc:t ccs
c:scig::ts ;uo,c::c cc l`Dl o1 ou: cc:t, D:s l lu:t ccs ,s,
lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cisc:t quc lcu: ct|lisscuc:t o:t lus cc ltitucc
ou: lc :cc:utcuc:t ccs c:scig::ts quc ou: lcs licc:cicuc:ts lcs cc:ts lcs
lus iuo:t:ts sò|sc:vc:t u :c ct u D:cu:| ;!1 ct +0 ou: cc:t
:cscctivcuc:t, l: lclgiquc, ux lttsD:is, c:s l lccc:tio: cc kussic,
c: lo:g:ic, c: lsl:cc, c: lctto:ic, c: :ouvcllcZcl:cc, ux l,sls ct c:
kcu|liquc tc|cquc, lus cc -. ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs so:t i:sc:its c:s ccs
ct|lisscuc:ts co:t lcs c|cis cisc:t voi: voix u c|it:c lo:squìl s`git cc
licc:cic: ccs c:scig::ts ;uo,c::c cc l`Dl .+ ou: cc:t,
lcs ,s sc cisti:guc:t cglcuc:t : lìuo:t:cc ccs :cso:s|ilitcs |ucgcti:cs
co:iiccs ux ct|lisscuc:ts `cst c: Allcug:c ct c: Aut:ic|c quc lcs ct|lis
scuc:ts i:tc:vic::c:t lc uoi:s c:s l :c:tio: cu |ucgct l: Aust:lic,
c: lclgiquc, ux lttsD:is, c: ltlic, u luxcu|ou:g, c: :ouvcllcZcl:cc,
ux l,sls ct u ko,uucD:i, lcs ct|lisscuc:ts |ouissc:t cù:c li|c:tc
:cltivcuc:t g::cc cct cg:c lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cc l lu:t ccs ,s
cccl:c:t :ticic: ctivcuc:t ux cccisio:s o:t:t su: lìiccttio: cu |ucgct
u sci: cc lcu: ct|lisscuc:t ;uo,c::c cc l`Dl -+ ou: cc:t,
D:s tous lcs ,s cc l`Dl, lcs clcvcs cc 1. :s so:t c: u|o:itc i:sc:its c:s
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts qui o:t u: cc:ti: ouvoi: c:s lc coui:c ccs cuissio:s
;uo,c::c cc l`Dl + ou: cc:t,
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so:t c: u|o:itc i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts qui i:tc:vic::c:t c:s lc
c|oix ccs cou:s ;uo,c::c cc l`Dl 1 ou: cc:t, l:ii:, l lu:t ccs
c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cccl:c:t quc l olitiquc c: utic:c cc ciscili:c ct
c`cuissio: ct lc c|oix ccs u:ucls scoli:cs iigu:c:t :ui lcs :cso:s|ilitcs
cc lcu: ct|lisscuc:t ;uo,c::c cc l`Dl utou: cc -0 ou: cc:t,
l :c:titio: ccs :cso:s|ilitcs c: utic:c cc :isc cc cccisio: iicctctcllc
l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs D:s cc coui:c, l co::cltio: c:t:c lcs civc:s
sccts cc lùto:ouic ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ct lc :c:ccuc:t ccs clcvcs cst
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lì:tc:icu: ccs ,s cst co:c t:cs liuitcc
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cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it tc:c `t:c suc:icu:c c:s lcs ,s
ou lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cccl:c:t quc lcu: ccolc |ouit cù:c lus g::cc
uto:ouic c:s lc c|oix ccs cou:s ;l co::cltio: c:t:c lcs sco:cs uo,c:s
ccs ,s c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ct l :oo:tio: :cscctivc c`ct|lissc
uc:ts i:tc:vc::t c:s lcs cccisio:s liccs u c|oix ccs cou:s cst cc 0.1,
D:c tc:c:cc siuili:c, quoiquc uoi:s :o:o:ccc, sò|sc:vc l`cg:c ccs
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1-!
ut:cs sccts cc lùto:ouic ccs ct|lisscuc:ts `cst lc cs :otuuc:t cc l
:cltio: c:t:c lc ccg:c cùto:ouic lisscc ux ct|lisscuc:ts c:s lìiccttio:
cu |ucgct ct l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ;co::cltio: u :ivcu ccs ,s 0!,
;t|lcu 11,
lc t|lcu 1! i:ciquc lc ou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs qui i:cquc:tc:t ccs ct|lissc
uc:ts c:s lcsqucls lcs c:scig::ts cctic::c:t u: ouvoi: cc cccisio: c:s lcs
utic:cs qui lcs co:cc::c:t D:s l lu:t ccs ,s, lcs :cso:s|ilitcs ccs
c:scig::ts o:tc:t, :ui l`c:scu|lc ccs qucstio:s osccs, su: lc c|oix ccs
u:ucls scoli:cs ;uo,c::c cc l`Dl 0 ou: cc:t,, su: lc co:tc:u ccs cou:s
;uo,c::c cc l`Dl .. ou: cc:t,, lcs olitiqucs c`cvlutio: ;uo,c::c cc
l`Dl . ou: cc:t, ct lcs olitiqucs cc ciscili:c ;uo,c::c cc l`Dl
+- ou: cc:t, k:cs so:t lcs ccolcs c:s lcsqucllcs lcs c:scig::ts so:t i:vcstis cu
ouvoi: cc cccisio: :i:cil co:cc:::t lcs olitiqucs sl:ilcs, l`c:ggcuc:t ct
lc licc:cicuc:t ccs c:scig::ts ct l :c:tio: cu |ucgct
ll :it u:c :ouvcllc iois quc lcs ,s ou lcs c:scig::ts :ticic:t ctivcuc:t
l gcstio: cc lcu: ct|lisscuc:t iiic|c:t u: sco:c uo,c: suc:icu: su: l`cc|cllc
cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it lcs co::cltio:s c:t:c l c:io:u:cc ccs
clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ct l :oo:tio: c`ct|lis
scuc:ts c:s lcsqucls lcs c:scig::ts so:t :i:cilcuc:t :cso:s|lcs cu c|oix ccs
cou:s ct cc lcu: co:tc:u s`clcvc:t :cscctivcuc:t 0+o ct 0.. ;t|lcu 1!,
ouuc c:s lcs ut:cs :l,scs cc ccttc :tu:c, ccs co::cltio:s :c cuvc:t
`t:c i:tc::ctccs c:s u: sc:s cusl, c: cc :ou|:cux ut:cs ictcu:s so:t
susccti|lcs cì:tc:vc:i: Ioutciois, ccs :csultts suggc:c:t quc lùto:ouic
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ct l :ticitio: ccs c:scig::ts u :occssus cc :isc cc
cccisio: tc:cc:t `t:c ssociccs, cu uoi:s u :ivcu i:tc::tio:l, cc u:ic:c
ositivc l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it
Secteur pubIic et secteur priv
l`c:scig:cuc:t scoli:c :clcvc cssc:ticllcuc:t cu scctcu: u|lic D:s ccux tic:s
ccs ,s cc l`Dl, l :t ccs io:cs :ivcs i:vcstis c:s l`c:scig:cuc:t :iui:c
ct scco:ci:c cst i:ic:icu:c 10 ou: cc:t l: ltlic, c: :o:vcgc, u lo:tugl ct
c: uccc, uoi:s cc ! ou: cc:t cu ii::ccuc:t cc l`c:scig:cuc:t :ovic:t cc
sou:ccs :ivccs ;Dl, !001, Ioutciois, l :t cu ii::ccuc:t :ivc uguc:tc
:og:cssivcuc:t o:scic:ts cc l uultilictio: ccs io:ucs ct ccs :og:uucs
c`c:scig:cuc:t ct cc l civc:siiictio: ccs :cstti:cs cc sc:viccs c`c:scig:cuc:t,
lcs gouvc::cuc:ts c:cc:t cc :ouvcux :tc::its c: vuc cc uo|ilisc: lcs :cssou:
ccs ct cc co:ccvoi: cc :ouvcllcs olitiqucs uto:is:t u:c :ticitio: lus ctivc ccs
ciiic:c:ts ctcu:s ct u: :tgc lus cquit|lc ccs couts ct |c:ciiccs
l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs !+ ,s cc l`Dl ou: lcsqucls ccs co::ccs so:t
ciso:i|lcs, o ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs cc 1. :s i:cquc:tc:t ccs ct|lisscuc:ts
gc:cs ct cssc:ticllcuc:t ii::ccs : lc scctcu: :ivc ;lcs ct|lisscuc:ts cits
:ivcs i:ccc:c:ts , ;t|lcu 1!, ll s`git ccs ct|lisscuc:ts co:t lcs
c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cccl:c:t quìls so:t co:t:lcs ct gc:cs : u: o:g:isuc
/ar la lta|/ ac ay
lc crc/qrar/ or/
la|qcncr/ |corablc
at ./o/x ac nartcl at
.or/crt ac .ot| ac
ol///tc acvalta//or c/
ac |cqlc ac a/./l/rc
/ar lc ay oi lc
crc/qrar/ a|//./cr/
aavar/aqc a la acj/r///or
at .or/crt ac .ot|
lc clcvc ob//crrcr/ ac
nc/llct| |ctl/a/.
.b/cr t/l rc o// a
o/blc a/rjc|c| tc
lat/oron/c //ntlc la
c|jo|nar.c ac clcvc
lc c./ct| |/vc otc
tr |olc |c/|c/r/ na/
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.ola|//c.
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ac clcvc /r.|// aar ac
c/abl/cncr/ |/r./alcncr/
j/rar.c c/ aan/r//|c a| lc
c./ct| |/vc.
1-+
:o: gouvc::cuc:tl ;u:c cglisc, u: s,:cict ou u:c c:t:c:isc couuc:cilc,
: cxculc, ou co:t lc ouvoi: o:g:istcu: cst cssc:ticllcuc:t co:stituc cc
ucu|:cs qui :ò:t s ctc sclcctio::cs : u: o:g:isuc u|lic lcu: ii::
ccuc:t :ovic:t ou: uoitic u uoi:s cc sou:ccs :ivccs, :otuuc:t lcs
c:oits cì:sc:itio: ccs clcvcs ,cs : lcs :c:ts, lcs co:s, lc ::i:gc, lcs
collcctcs cc io:cs o:g:isccs : lcs :c:ts ct cùt:cs sou:ccs cc ii::ccuc:t
:c :clcv:t s cu scctcu: u|lic
c uocclc c`c:scig:cuc:t :ivc :`cst liquc quc c:s quclqucs ,s
sculcuc:t l :oo:tio: c`clcvcs i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts :ivcs
i:ccc:c:ts :`cst suc:icu:c 10 ou: cc:t qu`c: o:cc ;!+ ou: cc:t,, u
o: ;!0 ou: cc:t, ct u \cxiquc ;1. ou: cc:t, ;t|lcu 1!, D:s cc
:ou|:cux ,s, lc ii::ccuc:t ccs ct|lisscuc:ts : lcs clcvcs ct lcu: iuillc
cst souvc:t co:sicc:c couuc u: o|stclc l`c:scig:cuc:t Ai:si, c:s - ccs
!+ ,s ou: lcsqucls ccs co::ccs so:t ciso:i|lcs, uoi:s cc 1 ou: cc:t ccs
clcvcs so:t i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts :ivcs i:ccc:c:ts cc l`ltt
l`c:scig:cuc:t :ivc lc uc:itc cc c:uctt:c l uo|ilistio: cù: lus
g::c cvc:til cc |illcu:s cc io:cs c:ti:s co:sicc:c:t c: out:c quìl oii:c
l ossi|ilitc cùclio:c: l :c:t|ilitc cc l`c:scig:cuc:t lcs ct|lisscuc:ts
su|vc:tio::cs : l`ltt :c so:t s :cccssi:cuc:t gc:cs : ccs i:st:ccs
u|liqucs lcs gouvc::cuc:ts cuvc:t c: ciict cco:cc: ccs io:cs ccs
ct|lisscuc:ts :ivcs ct u|lics : lc |iis cc civc:s ucc:isucs cc ii::
ccuc:t ;Dl, !001, lcs gouvc::cuc:ts cccicc:t :iois cc ii:c ccc:
c:c lc ii::ccuc:t ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t cu c|oix iit : lcs
:c:ts cì:sc:i:c lcu:s c:i:ts c:s tcl ou tcl t,c c`ct|lisscuc:t :cc
quìls sou|itc:t lcs c:cou:gc: o:g:isc: lcu:s :og:uucs c`c:scig:c
uc:t cù:c u:ic:c qui :co:cc uicux ux |csoi:s ct ux i:tc:`ts ccs cii
ic:c:ts clcvcs c: vuc cc :ccui:c lcs couts lics ux cc|ccs ct ux uuviscs
o:ic:ttio:s lc ii::ccuc:t u|lic ccs ct|lisscuc:ts |sc su: lc :ou|:c
cì:sc:its ou su: lc c:ccit c`|cu:cs co:stituc lù:c ccs :oc|cs cct cg:c,
tout couuc lòct:oi cc su|vc:tio:s ux clcvcs ct lcu: iuillc ;: lc |iis
cc |ou:scs, : cxculc, ccsti:ccs ii::cc: lcu:s ctuccs c:s ccs ct|lissc
uc:ts u|lics ou :ivcs
lcs ct|lisscuc:ts gc:cs : lc scctcu: :ivc uis cssc:ticllcuc:t ii::ccs : ccs
io:cs u|lics ;lcs ct|lisscuc:ts cits :ivcs ccc:c:ts , so:t lus cou::ts c:s
l`Dl quc lcs ct|lisscuc:ts ii::ccs : lc scctcu: :ivc l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs
!+ ,s cc l`Dl ou: lcsqucls ccs co::ccs cou:|lcs so:t ciso:i|lcs, 10 ou:
cc:t ccs clcvcs cc 1. :s i:cquc:tc:t ccs ct|lisscuc:ts :ivcs su|vc:tio::cs :
l`ltt l: l:l:cc ct ux l,sls, ils so:t c:t:c . ct . ou: cc:t
Qucllc cst l :cltio: c:t:c ccs cisositio:s i:stitutio::cllcs ct l c:io:u:cc ccs
clcvcs l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs 1 ,s ctucics c:s l cou:iso:, lcs clcvcs
qui i:cquc:tc:t ccs ct|lisscuc:ts :ivcs i:ccc:c:ts su:clssc:t :cttcuc:t c:
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, u :ivcu sttistiquc, ccux i:sc:its c:s lcs ct|lisscuc:ts
u|lics c:s cix ,s l`cc:t cc c:io:u:cc c:t:c lcs ciicctiis ccs ct|lisscuc:ts
.c/ actx ay oi .c//c
|oo|//or clcvc a
crv/|or tr //c| ac
clcvc
/a/ aat/|c jo|nc
acrc/qrcncr/ |/vc
or/ lt |caratc aar
lc ay ac lC/|.
.cr a|//.tl/c| lc
c/abl/cncr/ |/vc
tbvcr//orrc a| l|/a/
lc clcvc /r.|// aar
lc actx /yc
ac/abl/cncr/ |/vc
|cal/cr/ ac bcllc
c|jo|nar.c.
1-.
:ivcs su|vc:tio::cs : l`ltt ct lcs ct|lisscuc:ts u|lics s`clcvc c:vi:o: u: qu:t
c`cc:t t,c c: ivcu: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts :ivcs ;iigu:c -,
lo:s cc lì:tc::cttio: cc ccs c|iii:cs, il iuo:tc cc tc:i: coutc cu iit quc
l :c:titio: ccs clcvcs c:t:c lcs ct|lisscuc:ts u|lics ct :ivcs :c :clcvc
s cu |s:c Ai:si, lc u:quc cc :ic|cssc iuililc cut `t:c u: o|stclc
u|cu: ou: lcs clcvcs qui sou|itc:t `t:c cuis c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts :ivcs
qui :tiquc:t ccs c:oits cì:sc:itio: clcvcs \ùc lcs ct|lisscuc:ts :ivcs
su|vc:tio::cs : l`ltt qui :c ccu:cc:t s cc c:oits cì:sc:itio: cuvc:t
s`c:cssc: ccs g:oucs ci|lcs scciiiqucs ou liquc: ccs olitiqucs lus
:cst:ictivcs c: utic:c cc t::sic:t ou cc sclcctio:
l cou:iso: cu sttut sociocco:ouiquc ccs clcvcs i:sc:its c:s lcs civc:s
t,cs c`ct|lisscuc:t c:uct cc ii:c l :t ccs c|oscs c:s cc coui:c lc
t|lcu 1! i:ciquc lc ou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts
u|lics ct :ivcs, lcu: sco:c uo,c: ct l vlcu: uo,c::c cc lcu: i:cicc socio
cco:ouiquc i:tc::tio:l cc sttut :oicssio::cl
.na/ .c q|otc
aclcvc ot||a// rc a
c/|c |c|ccr/a//j.
.c/ laralyc at n/l/ct
o./al |cc.//j ac
clcvc.
10 . 0 . 10 1. 100 .0 0 .0 100
l:qurc ?.9
lc:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ct gcstio: :ivcc ct u|liquc
...... 1o !o ..c.o.. 1. .!.. o. !'..|.!!. .c/... 1. .c..|..c 1. !'.... . 1o !'.1... c..c
..cc.o. ...o.co! 1o oo .c..c.!, ... !. .o/!... 1'..... o/!.. . !. .o/!...
... o/..c. o. !'io
lcs ciiic:c:ccs sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivcs so:t i:ciquccs c: :oi: ct :ougc
:co... lsc cc co::ccs llA cc l'Dl, !001 I|lcu 1!
Diffrences dans I'indice socio-conomique
internationaI du statut professionneI
Diffrences des moyennes sur I'cneIIe combine
de comprnension de I'crit
rays-Bas
1
Iuembourg
Danemark
core
sude
Iiniande
Rp. tchque
rortugai
Hongrie
Norvge
Itats-unis
Ispagne
Autriche
suisse
Iriande
canada
Aiiemagne
Les tabIissements
pubIics ont
de meiIIeurs
rsuItats
Les
tabIissements
privs
subventionns
par I'tat ont
de meiIIeurs
rsuItats
Les
tabIissements
pubIics ont un
statut socio-
conomique
pIus Iev
Les
tabIissements
privs
subventionns
par I'tat ont un
statut socio-
conomique
pIus Iev
1-o
l vlcu: uo,c::c cc lì:cicc sociocco:ouiquc i:tc::tio:l cc sttut :oics
sio::cl ccs ciicctiis i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts :ivcs su|vc:tio::cs : l`ltt
ct ccs ct|lisscuc:ts u|lics :c v:ic quc lcgc:cuc:t c:s l lu:t ccs ,s
l`cc:t cst lus :o:o:cc c:t:c lcs ct|lisscuc:ts u|lics ct lcs ct|lisscuc:ts :ivcs
i:ccc:c:ts cc l`ltt, c: ivcu: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts :ivcs i:ccc:c:ts
#ONCLUSIONS
lcs olitiqucs ct :tiqucs liquccs : lcs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t
cuvc:t voi: u: iuct co:sicc:|lc su: l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs, u uùc
tit:c cìllcu:s quc lcs ictcu:s sociocco:ouiqucs l`ciiiccitc cc l`:c:
tissgc ccc:c cc l`cccs ccs clcvcs ccs io:ucs c`c:scig:cuc:t cc g::cc
qulitc cs olitiqucs ct :tiqucs cuvc:t gi: ci:cctcuc:t su: lcs :csultts,
uis cglcuc:t :ocui:c ccs ciicts i:ci:ccts qui ttc:uc:t l`ciict ccs ictcu:s
sociocco:ouiqucs ;voi: lcs c|it:cs o ct ,
i tous lcs ,s i:vcstissc:t ccs :cssou:ccs co:sicc:|lcs c:s l`c:scig:cuc:t,
lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cc cc:ti:s ,s cvoquc:t ou:t:t ccs lcu:cs c:s
l qulitc ccs :cssou:ccs |uui:cs ct ccuctivcs uiscs l cisositio: cc
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts D:s cc :ou|:cux ,s, ccs lcu:cs so:t ssociccs u:c
c:io:u:cc lus ii|lc ccs clcvcs
Ioutciois, il :`, s quc lcs ictcu:s utc:icls co:t lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t
cisc:t quìls g`:c:t l`:c:tissgc Ai:si, lc cliut cc ciscili:c co:t lcs :csul
tts cu llA uo:t:c:t quìl cst ct:oitcuc:t lic l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs
l:ui lcs ut:cs o|stclcs l`:c:tissgc lcs lus souvc:t sig:lcs : lcs c|cis
c`ct|lisscuc:t, cito:s l`|sc:tcisuc ccs clcvcs ct lcs clcvcs qui c:tu:|c:t
lcs cou:s , u:quc:t cc :cscct c:vc:s lcs c:scig::ts ct i:tiuicc:t
ou |:utlisc:t cùt:cs clcvcs lcs clcvcs icc:tiiic:t cùt:cs ictcu:s qui
co:t:i|uc:t cctc:io:c: lc cliut cc ciscili:c l c:tc cc tcus u cc|ut ccs
cou:s, lc |:uit ct l`gittio: c:c:t lcs cou:s ct l cissitio: ccs clcvcs qui
:`ccoutc:t s cc quc cit lc :oicsscu: `ttquc: ccs |c:ouc:cs :`cst
s quù:c qucstio: c`:gc:t
l`:c:tissgc :c sc liuitc s l sculc |ou::cc c`ccolc lcs ccvoi:s ct, c:s
cc:ti:s ,s, lcs cou:s c`c::ic|isscuc:t ou cc :tt:gc suivis l`cxtc:icu: cc
l`ct|lisscuc:t, :c:csc:tc:t souvc:t u:c :t co:sicc:|lc cu tcus quc lcs
clcvcs co:sc:c:t c:s l`c:scu|lc l`:c:tissgc ll cst ||itucl quc cc tcus
:c:csc:tc |usqu` lus cù: tic:s cu tcus c`c:scig:cuc:t o|ligtoi:c c:s lcs
t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio: cu llA lu cg:c lìuo:t:cc cu tcus ssc
:c:c:c, il cst iuc:tii cc vcillc: cc quc lcs clcvcs l`cxloitc:t u uicux ct
cc quc ccs io:ucs c`:c:tissgc ctccs soic:t co::cctcuc:t o:g:isccs
c:ti:s :c:oc|c:t ux ccvoi:s ct l`:c:tissgc c: cc|o:s cu cc:c scoli:c
c`ccc:tuc: lcs cis:itcs cc c:io:u:cc gc:c:ccs : ccs ictcu:s lics u
uilicu sociocco:ouiquc, ux :cssou:ccs ccuctivcs ciso:i|lcs ct u soutic:
iuilil Ioutciois, lcs cxc:ic:ccs cc lusicu:s ,s ou l co::cltio: c:t:c lcs
ccvoi:s ct l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs cst ositivc, lo:s quìl :c scu|lc s ,
la c|jo|nar.c ac
clcvc c/ ao./cc atx
.a|a./c|///tc ac
c/abl/cncr/ t/l
j|ctcr/cr/ c/ a lct|
n/l/ct jan/l/al
.nor/|c tc lc cjjc.//j
ac c/abl/cncr/ |/vc or/
lt otvcr/ /t ac n/l/ctx
|/v/lcq/c tc aar .ctx
tbvcr//orrc a| l|/a/
c|/a/r ./cj
ac/abl/cncr/ cvotcr/
l/rtjj/ar.c ac
|cot|.c .ola/|c.
.na/ lc .l/na/ t/
|cqrc aar
lc/abl/cncr/ c/ cr
.lac c/ bcat.ot lt
c/|o//cncr/ l/c a la
c|jo|nar.c ac clcvc.
.a/r/ tc lc /|ava/l
.ola/|c cjjc./tc cr
ac/o| ac
lc/abl/cncr/
1-
voi: cc :cltio: c:t:c lc uilicu iuilil ct l c:io:u:cc, i:ciquc:t quìl cst
ossi|lc c`ctc:c:c l`:c:tissgc uccl cu cc:c scoli:c s:s :cccssi:cuc:t
:c:c:c lus vul:c:|lcs c:co:c lcs clcvcs uoi:s ivo:iscs u cc:t
l:ii:, l gcstio: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t cut `t:c uclio:cc k:cs
so:t lcs ct|lisscuc:ts qui i:tc:vic::c:t c:s l iixtio: cu t:itcuc:t ou ccs
uguc:ttio:s sl:ilcs ccs c:scig::ts l: :cv:c|c, lcs ct|lisscuc:ts cc l
u|o:itc ccs ,s scu|lc:t |oui: cù:c lus g::cc li|c:tc c:s lc coui:c
cc l`c:ggcuc:t ct cu licc:cicuc:t ccs c:scig::ts ct cc l :c:tio: ct cc
l vc:tiltio: cc lcu: |ucgct lc ccg:c cùto:ouic ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ct ccs
c:scig::ts cst liuitc c:s cc :ou|:cux ,s lcs ,s ou lcs ct|lisscuc:ts
|c:ciicic:t cù:c lus g::cc uto:ouic tc:cc:t iiic|c: ccs sco:cs uo,c:s
suc:icu:s ccux ccs ut:cs ,s c co:stt suggc:c quc l`cc:oisscuc:t cc
lùto:ouic ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c:uct cùclio:c: lc :c:ccuc:t scoli:c
ll :`cst guc:c isc cc ucsu:c: lìuct :cltii ccs ictcu:s ctucics c:s cc c|it:c,
c: ils so:t tous i:tc:ccc:c:ts lc |uiticuc ct cc::ic: c|it:c :oosc u:c
:l,sc cc lìuo:t:cc :cltivc ccs :cssou:ccs, olitiqucs ct :tiqucs ccs ct|lissc
uc:ts c:s lcs ciiic:c:ts t,cs cc s,stcucs c`c:scig:cuc:t lcs :csultts cc ccttc
:l,sc suggc:c:t ccs o:ic:ttio:s olitiqucs susccti|lcs cùclio:c: l c:io:u:cc
uo,c::c ct c`ttc:uc: lìuct cu uilicu iuilil su: lc :c:ccuc:t ccs clcvcs
lat/oron/c ac
c/abl/cncr/ ct/
.or///tc| tr at/|c
ja./ct| ror rcql/qcablc
aar .c//c cta//or
lc ./a//|c - aorrc
trc nc/llct|c /acc
ac la ra/t|c ac la
|cla//or tc .c ja./ct|
cr/|c//crrcr/ cr/|c ctx
1-
.OTES
1 lcs cqutio:s st:uctu:cllcs o:t ctc uocclisccs ou: co:ii:uc: lcs ciuc:sio:s t|co:iqucs :cvucs ccs i:ciccs ct vlicc: lcu:
cou:|ilitc c:t:c ,s A cct ciict, u: uocclc sc:c ctc :c:c ou: c|quc ,s, i:si quù: uocclc collcctii ou:
l`c:scu|lc ccs ,s cc l`Dl
! ll , licu cc soulig:c: quc lcs clcvcs o:t ctc :ics cc liv:c: lcu: sc:tiuc:t :oos ccs ttituccs cù: g:ouc u:iquc
c`c:scig::ts u cou:s cù:c ::cc u:iquc c`ctuccs l: co:scquc:cc, il iut sc g:cc: cì:tc::ctc: ccs :csultts couuc
sìls c:ctc:isic:t tous lcs c:scig::ts quc lcs |cu:cs cc 1. :s o:t :c:co:t:cs u cou:s cc lcu: :cou:s scoli:c
! l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, lì:cicc cxliquc 0. ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: cc c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su:
l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ct :c ccssc 1 ou: cc:t quc c:s ,s ;voi: l`::cxc A!,
+ l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, lì:cicc cc c:cctio: : lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t ccs ictcu:s t:ou|l:t lc cliut
cc ciscili:c ct iuut|lcs ux clcvcs cxliquc . ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc
cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ;voi: l`::cxc A!,
. l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, lì:cicc cc c:cctio: cu cliut cc ciscili:c : lcs clcvcs cxliquc 1o ou: cc:t
cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ;voi: l`::cxc A!,
o l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, cct i:cicc cxliquc 1! ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su:
l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ;voi: l`::cxc A!,
l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, cct i:cicc cxliquc 1- ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su:
lcs clcvcs o:t i:ciquc lc tcus quìls co:sc:ic:t : scui:c ux ccvoi:s ct l`ctucc c:s lcs t:ois utic:cs c: c|oisiss:t
:ui lcs otio:s suiv:tcs s cc tcus cu tout , uoi:s cù:c |cu:c , c:t:c u:c ct t:ois |cu:cs ct t:ois |cu:cs
ou lus lc tcus totl co:sc:c : scui:c ux ccvoi:s ctc cstiuc c: tt:i|u:t u:c vlcu: ccs qut:c otio:s cc
zc:o ou: l :cuic:c qut:c ou: l cc::ic:c lcs clcvcs qui :ò:t s :co:cu l qucstio: ou: lù:c ccs t:ois utic:cs
o:t ctc cxclus cc ccttc cou:iso:
- l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, cct i:cicc cxliquc +. ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su:
10 l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, cct i:cicc cxliquc 1 ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su:
11 l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, cct i:cicc cxliquc 10 ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su:
1! l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, cct i:cicc cxliquc 1! ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su:
1! cs cc:ts so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictiis c:s 1+ ,s
1+ u: lc l: tcc|:iquc, cc ou:cc:tgc cst o|tc:u c: soust:,:t cu c|iii:c 100 lc ou:cc:tgc o:cc:c ccs c|cis
c`ct|lisscuc:t qui o:t :co:cu :c :clcvc s cc l :cso:s|ilitc cc l`ct|lisscuc:t l qucstio:
8
c|o...
LL kLLL1^1 lL ll^ .
OLLLOLL CONllLk^1lON
lOklkL lOLl1lOLL
cHArI1RI 8 lc |ctl/a/ at l|- tcltc .or/ac|a//or ao|a|c ol///tc
!00
IntroductIon : les Intluences l'IntrIeur et l'extrIeur
du cadre scolaIre
l c:io:u:cc scoli:c :`cst s cxclusivcuc:t i:iluc:ccc : cc qui licu
c:s l`ct|lisscuc:t c`c:scig:cuc:t lllc su|it cglcuc:t lìuct cc l iuillc
ct cc l`c:tou:gc cc l`clcvc i:si cc l couuu:utc u sci: cc lqucllc il
vit, uùc si, so: tou:, cct iuct :`cst s totlcuc:t i:ccc:c:t cu
cc:c scoli:c ll iut ctucic: ccs ictcu:s c:scu|lc ou: cou:c:c:c lcu:s
ciicts isolcs ct co:|ugucs ct icc:tiiic: lcs cuscs ct co:scquc:ccs ossi|lcs cu
:c:ccuc:t ii|lc ou clcvc ccs clcvcs
D:s lcs c|it:cs ! . cu :csc:t :o:t, :ous :ous souucs c:c|cs su:
l`ciiiccitc cc l`c:scig:cuc:t c:s ciiic:c:ts ,s D:s lcs c|it:cs o ct ,
:ous vo:s uis c: luuic:c lcs :cltio:s c:t:c lcs c:ctc:istiqucs ccs clcvcs ct
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t ct l c:io:u:cc scoli:c :ous llo:s
:csc:t ccvcloc: lcs :l,scs cc| cxosccs ct cxui:c: lcs :cltio:s c:t:c l
c:io:u:cc, lc uilicu iuilil ct lcs ct|lisscuc:ts l cou:iso: siuult:cc
cù: c:scu|lc cc v:i|lcs, :otuuc:t ccs sccts scciiiqucs ux clcvcs
ct ux ct|lisscuc:ts, c:s u: l:gc cvc:til cc cc:cs scoli:cs ct c:s cc
:ou|:cux ,s, c:uct c`cstiuc: lìuo:t:cc :cltivc ccs :cssou:ccs, ccs
olitiqucs ct ccs :tiqucs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c:s civc:s t,cs cc s,stcucs
ccuctiis lò||cctii ou:suivi cst cc iou::i: ccs i:cictio:s su: lcs o:ic:ttio:s
olitiqucs suiv:c ou: uclio:c: l iois lc :c:ccuc:t scoli:c uo,c: ct
l`cglitc ccs c|:ccs c:s lc coui:c cc l`c:scig:cuc:t
c c|it:c couuc:cc : l`:l,sc cc l :cltio: c:t:c l c:io:u:cc
i:civicucllc cc l`clcvc ct so: uilicu iuilil ll cst iuc:tii ou: lcs ccciccu:s
olitiqucs cc cou:c:c:c ccttc :cltio:, c: cllc :cvclc lcs ciiic:c:ccs cc
:c:ccuc:t o|sc:vccs c:t:c lcs clcvcs c: io:ctio: cc lcu: uilicu socil
ll ctucic c:suitc c:s qucllc ucsu:c lcs ciiic:c:ccs cc :c:ccuc:t c:t:c
ct|lisscuc:ts so:t ssociccs ccs ictcu:s sociocco:ouiqucs cttc :l,sc
cst iuo:t:tc ou: cvluc: lìuct ccs cc:cs i:stitutio::cls su: l :c:
titio: cu :c:ccuc:t cc l`c:scig:cuc:t ct, co:c, co:ccvoi: ccs :cio:ucs
olitiqucs
l:ii:, il icc:tiiic lcs !.... c!..o. ct lcs .o.o.....o. .c.. oo .o/!...
1..... qui so:t susccti|lcs cc co:t:i|uc: :c|ussc: lc :ivcu cc
c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ct o|tc:i: u:c :c:titio: lus u:iio:uc ccs c|:ccs
ct ccs :csultts cc l`c:scig:cuc:t
lcs :l,scs cxosccs c:s cc c|it:c sc |sc:t su: l c:io:u:cc ccs
clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it l c:io:u:cc
ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:tiiiquc cst u:iquc
uc:t :isc c: co:sicc:tio: lo:squc lcs :l,scs ct lcs co:clusio:s liv:ccs
c:s cc c|it:c ciiic:c:t sig:iiictivcuc:t c: io:ctio: ccs t:ois coui:cs
c`cvlutio:
/c ja./ct| /r/c|rc c/
cx/c|rc atx
c/abl/cncr/
/rjltcr.cr/ la
c|jo|nar.c c/ /l y a
l/ct ac .or/ac|c| .c
ja./ct| crcnblc.
..c tc .c ./a//|c
a//a./c a ja/|c.
.cr c/ta/ar/ aabo|a la
c|jo|nar.c /ra/v/atcllc
ac clcvc.
.t/ l/na./ at
n/l/ct ac clcvc t| lc
c/abl/cncr/.
.c/ ac tcllc nar/c|c
lc c/abl/cncr/
ctx-ncnc ctvcr/
ja/|c la a/jjc|cr.c.
lc |ctl/a/ at l|- tcltc .or/ac|a//or ao|a|c ol///tc cHArI1RI 8
!01
La relatIon entre le mIlIeu socIo-conomIque et la pertormance
des lves
vue dènsembIe
ouuc :ous l`vo:s i:ciquc u c|it:c o, lcs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs c:s
lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio: cu llA, svoi: l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it,
l cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct l cultu:c scic:tiiiquc, so:t ct:oitcuc:t liccs u
uilicu sociocco:ouiquc cc lcu: iuillc lcs clcvcs co:t lcs :c:ts occuc:t
ccs ostcs uoi:s :cstigicux ct :csc:tc:t u: :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t lus ii|lc
o:t tc:c:cc sc uo:t:c: uoi:s c:io:u:ts l`ccolc quc lcs clcvcs co:t lcs
:c:ts o:t u: :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t lus clcvc ct cxc:cc:t ccs :oicssio:s lus
:cstigicuscs l: souci cc cl:tc, lcs sccts sociux, cco:ouiqucs ct cultu:cls cu
uilicu iuilil qui o:t ctc ctucics sc:cuc:t u c|it:c o so:t :cg:oucs ou:
cc c|it:c c:s u: scul i:cicc clc i:cicc llA cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil
ct cultu:cl ou, lus siulcuc:t, uilicu sociocco:ouiquc ccs clcvcs
1
c ./a//|c c |cjc|c
a tr /ra/.c .ono//c
at n/l/ct c.oron/tc
.tl/t|cl c/ o./al
ac clcvc.
o00
.00
+00
!00
! 1 ! ! 1 0
00
!00
00
!
l:qurc J.!
kcltio: c:t:c l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ct lc co:tcxtc sociocco:ouiquc
ou: l'c:scu|lc cc l zo:c Dl
t..c.o.. 1. .!.. o. !'..|.!!. .c/... 1. .c..|..c 1. !'.... . .1... 1o oo ..cc.o.,
c..o! . .o!o..!-, . .o1.. c..c..cc.o. co. !'../!. 1. !o .c. oci
|quc oi:t :c:csc:tc ! 000 clcvcs cc l zo:c Dl
:co... lsc cc co::ccs llA cc l'Dl, !001 I|lcu 1
lc:io:u:cc su: l'cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l'cc:it ;uo,c::c su: l'cc|cllc llA,
l:cicc cu sttut cco:ouiquc,
socil ct cultu:cl ;cc:ts t,cs,
Gradient
socio-conomique
pour I'ensembIe
de Ia zone OCDE
Niveau 5
Niveau 4
Niveau 3
Niveau 2
Niveau 1
Au-dessous
du niveau 1
!0!
l iigu:c 1 ccc:it l :cltio: c:t:c l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ct lì:cicc cc
sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl ccs clcvcs c:s l`c:scu|lc cc l`Dl
!

cttc :cltio: cst ccsig:cc : l`clltio: g:cic:t sociocco:ouiquc l
iigu:c uo:t:c lc :ivcu cc c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it c: io:ctio: cc uilicux sociocco:ouiqucs ciiic:c:ts
l`ciiiccitc ccs s,stcucs c`c:scig:cuc:t ct lcs ictcu:s cco:ouiqucs, sociux
ct cultu:cls lus gc:c:ux i:iluc:cc:t ccttc :cltio: ;voi: c:cc:c 1,
ll cst utilc cc cou:c:c:c ccttc :cltio: v:t c`c:t:c:c:c:c l`:l,sc cc l`cglitc
ccs c|:ccs c: utic:c c`c:scig:cuc:t Acc:oit:c lc :ivcu cc c:io:u:cc ccs
clcvcs ct ttc:uc: lìuct cu uilicu sociocco:ouiquc su: lc :c:ccuc:t scoli:c
so:t ccs o||cctiis c:itiqucs ou: tous lcs s,stcucs ccuctiis ccs ,s cc l`Dl
l :cltio: c:t:c l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ct lcu: uilicu socil :cv`t cglcuc:t
u:c cc:ti:c iuo:t:cc ou: l olitiquc cc l`c:scig:cuc:t, c: cllc uo:t:c
c:s qucllc ucsu:c lcs |c:ciiccs cc l`c:scig:cuc:t so:t cquit|lcuc:t :c:tis
c:t:c lcs clcvcs issus cc uilicux sociocco:ouiqucs ciiic:c:ts
.c/ lc nc/ cr |cla//or
avc. la c|jo|nar.c
ac clcvc
on|cra|c .c//c
|cla//or c/ lc o/r/ ac
aca|/ atrc aralyc ac
la |ca|////or ac
./ar.c cr na//c|c
acrc/qrcncr/
l:cc:c 1 comment iire ia igure 8.1
c|oo. c. cc l iigu:c :c:csc:tc ! 000 clcvcs cc 1. :s cc l zo:c Dl ll situc lcu:
c:io:u:cc c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it : :o:t lcu: sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl
to. ....o! i:ciquc lcs sco:cs ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ;sco:c
uo,c: .00, ll cst :otc: quc l`cc:t t,c ctc iixc 100 lo:s cc l`cl|o:tio: cc l`cc|cllc llA
l: co:scquc:cc, ccux tic:s ccs c. so:t situcs c:t:c +00 ct o00 lcs ciiic:c:tcs zo:cs ou|:ccs
:c:csc:tc:t lcs ci:q :ivcux cc couctc:cc c: lcctu:c
to. |c...co! i:ciquc lcs vlcu:s cc lì:cicc llA cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl ct
i:cicc cst co:u cc so:tc quc l vlcu: uo,c::c soit cglc zc:o ct l`cc:t t,c, 1 Dcux tic:s ccs
clcvcs so:t co:c situcs c:t:c 1 ct 1
to !.. !o c... :c:csc:tc lc g:cic:t sociocco:ouiquc i:tc::tio:l, c`cstci:c cclui qui
:c:csc:tc lc uicux l :cltio: c:t:c c:io:u:cc c: lcctu:c ct sttut sociocco:ouiquc c:s lcs
,s cc l`Dl cttc lig:c :t cu oi:t sous lcqucl so:t situcs lcs . ou: cc:t c`clcvcs lcs lus
ccivo:iscs |usquù oi:t uccssus cuqucl so:t situcs lcs . ou: cc:t c`clcvcs lcs lus ivo:iscs
;c`cstci:c ccux co:t lì:cicc sociocco:ouiquc cst lc lus clcvc, lcs t:ois oi:ts :cc:cs su: l
lig:c :c:csc:tc:t lcs !.
c
, .0
c
ct .
c
cc:tilcs, c`cstci:c lcs oi:ts sous lcsqucls !., .0 ct . ou:
cc:t ccs clcvcs so:t situcs c: tc:ucs cc sttut sociocco:ouiquc
cttc iigu:c :`cst s co:uc ou: cou:c: lcs s,stcucs c`c:scig:cuc:t, uis ou: uctt:c c:
cvicc:cc u:c :cltio: c:s l zo:c Dl lou: ccttc :iso:, tous lcs clcvcs cc l`Dl so:t
:c:csc:tcs c:s l uùc :oo:tio: l: cùt:cs tc:ucs, lcs g::cs ,s qui coutc:t lus
c`clcvcs cc 1. :s, tcls quc lcs lttsD:is, lc o: ct lc \cxiquc, i:iluc:cc:t lus lc g:cic:t
i:tc::tio:l quc lcs ctits ,s, tcls quc l`lsl:cc ct lc luxcu|ou:g
!0!
l iigu:c 1 :cvclc lusicu:s tc:c:ccs
lcs clcvcs issus cc uilicux sociocco:ouiqucs lus ivo:iscs :csc:tc:t
gc:c:lcuc:t u: ucillcu: :c:ccuc:t, i:si quc lc uo:t:c lc uouvcuc:t
scc:c:t cu g:cic:t ,
l v:itio: cu sttut sociocco:ouiquc co::c licu u: cc:t cc c:io:u:cc
c: lcctu:c :cltivcuc:t siuili:c c:s toutc l :c:titio: l: cùt:cs tc:ucs,
l`ciict ositii u:gi:l cc l`v:tgc sociocco:ouiquc sulcuc:ti:c :cstc
i:c|:gc lo:squc cct v:tgc uguc:tc, i:si quc lc uo:t:c lc iit quc lc
g:cic:t sociocco:ouiquc cst :tiqucuc:t lt
!
,
lcs ciiic:c:ccs cc c:io:u:cc so:t lcgc:cuc:t lus :o:o:cccs ou: lcs
clcvcs co:t lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc cst lus ii|lc quc ou: ccux co:t
lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc cst lus clcvc lc g:|iquc :c:csc:tc cc
|c:ouc:c couuc suit l cisc:sio: vc:ticlc ccs oi:ts situcs c:s l :tic
c:oitc cu g:|iquc ;c`cstci:c l lgc ccs c:io:u:ccs c: lcctu:c ccs
clcvcs qui |c:ciicic:t cù: v:tgc sociocco:ouiquc, cst uoi:s iuo:t:tc
quc ccllc ccs oi:ts situcs c:s l :tic guc|c cu g:|iquc ;c`cstci:c l
lgc ccs c:io:u:ccs c: lcctu:c ccs clcvcs qui souii:c:t cù: ccsv:tgc
sociocco:ouiquc, ,
ll :`, s cc :o:t cc :og:cssio: icc:tiquc c:t:c l c:io:u:cc ccs
clcvcs ct lì:cicc cu sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl, i:si qu`c: ttcstc
lc iit quc cc :ou|:cux clcvcs ccivo:iscs situcs c:s l :tic guc|c cu
g:|iquc o|tic::c:t ccs :csultts :cttcuc:t suc:icu:s ux :cvisio:s |sccs
su: lc g:cic:t i:tc::tio:l
+

La variation de Iìmpact socio-conomique seIon Ies pays
D:s qucllc ucsu:c l :cltio: c:t:c l c:io:u:cc ct lc uilicu sociocco:ouiquc
ccs clcvcs v:ictcllc c:t:c lcs ,s lcs g:cic:ts sociocco:ouiqucs :tio:ux
c:ucttc:t cc :co:c:c ccttc qucstio: lls co:stituc:t u: cxccllc:t oi:t
cc cc:t ou: icc:tiiic: lcs ictcu:s qui co:t:i|uc:t uclio:c: l`cglitc
ccs c|:ccs c:s lcs s,stcucs c`c:scig:cuc:t lcs olitiqucs :tio:lcs c:
utic:c c`c:scig:cuc:t visc:t c: :i:cic cc:oit:c lcs :ivcux gc:c:ux cc
c:io:u:cc ct ttc:uc: lcs v:itio:s cc :c:ccuc:t c:t:c cist:icts, g:oucs
sociocco:ouiqucs ct scxcs Ioutc l qucstio: cst cc svoi: si ccs ccux o||cctiis
so:t couti|lcs ou, c: cùt:cs tc:ucs, sìl cst ossi|lc cc :c|ussc: lcs :ivcux
uo,c:s cc c:io:u:cc tout c: cou|l:t lcs cc:ts cc c:io:u:cc c:t:c lcs
clcvcs issus cc uilicux sociocco:ouiqucs ciiic:c:ts
l iigu:c ! uo:t:c l :cltio: c:t:c l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc
cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ct lì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil
ct cultu:cl c:s c|quc ,s lc g:cic:t cc c|quc ,s cst :c:csc:tc : u:c
lig:c g:is cli: l lig:c lus io:ccc :c:csc:tc lc g:cic:t cc l`c:scu|lc ccs
,s cc l`Dl
, cc| :csc:tc c:s l iigu:c 1

lc clcvc javo|/c
|cal/cr/ ac nc/llct|c
c|jo|nar.c.
.avc. ac |ctl/a/
|cla//vcncr/ /n/la/|c
atx a/jjc|cr/ r/vcatx
ac lavar/aqc
o./o-c.oron/tc.
.na/ lc n/l/ct
o./o-c.oron/tc
rc/ a ac/c|n/rar/
ot| la c|jo|nar.c
la tc//or .|t./alc c/
ac avo/| /l c/ o/blc
aall/c| trc c|jo|nar.c
noycrrc clcvcc c/
ac ja/blc a/a|//c
-t c/r ac ./atc ay
l/na./ at n/l/ct
o./o-c.oron/tc t|
la c|jo|nar.c ct/
c/|c cxan/rc.
!0+
lc ..oo, l .., l !co.o. ct l o.o1. ccs g:cic:ts ccc:ivc:t l :cltio:
c:t:c l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ct lì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct
cultu:cl c:s c|quc ,s cs g:cic:ts so:t :csc:tcs c:s l iigu:c ! ct
c:s lc t|lcu 1 , iic:c:t

lc ..oo c`cstci:c l |utcu: uo,c::c ccs lig:cs cc g:cic:t :c:csc:tccs
c:s l iigu:c ! cst i:ciquc c:s l colo::c ! cu t|lcu 1 lc :ivcu
co::cso:c u sco:c uo,c: c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ttci:t c:s c|quc ,s
: lcs clcvcs co:t lc uilicu socil, cco:ouiquc ct cultu:cl cst cgl u uilicu
sociocco:ouiquc uo,c: ccs ,s cc l`Dl ll co::c ccs i:cictio:s su:
lc :ivcu glo|l cc c:io:u:cc cu s,stcuc c`c:scig:cuc:t qui sc:it ttci:t
c:s c|quc ,s si lc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl cc l oultio:
c`clcvcs , ctit icc:tiquc u sttut uo,c: cc l`Dl lc :ivcu uo,c: cu
g:cic:t cst cc .0. oi:ts ou: lcs ,s cc l`Dl
l .. ccs g:cic:ts i:ciquc l :t ccs cc:ts cc c:io:u:cc c: lcctu:c qui

cst iuut|lc ux ictcu:s sociocco:ouiqucs ;colo::c ! cu t|lcu 1, llus
l c:tc cst :o:o:ccc, lus lìuct cu sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl
su: l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs cst iuo:t:t ct lus lcs i:cglitcs so:t g::ccs
A lì:vc:sc, uoi:s l c:tc cst u:qucc, uoi:s cct iuct cst iuo:t:t ct
uoi:s lcs i:cglitcs so:t g::ccs l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, lc
cociiicic:t cc c:tc cst cc +1, cc qui sig:iiic quc lc sco:c ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc
cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it uguc:tc c: uo,c::c cc +1 oi:ts
.cr jor.//or ac ta/|c
|o|/c/c ac q|aa/cr/
.la c|jo|nar.c
qlobalc .c/-a-a/|c lc
.o|c noycr .o||/qc cr
jor.//or at ayaqc
c.oron/tc at ay.
.lc.a|/ cr/|c lc
q|otc aclcvc lt ot
no/r javo|/c.
o00
.00
+00
!00
! 1 ! ! 1 0
l:qurc J.2
ou: c|quc ,s
c.o1.. c..c..cc.o. co. .|oo. o,
:c. lou: lìcc:tiiictio: cc c|quc ,s, voi: t|lcu 1 ct iigu:c !c
lc:io:u:cc su: l'cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc
l'cc:it ;uo,c::c su: l'cc|cllc llA,
l:cicc cu sttut
cco:ouiquc, socil ct
cultu:cl ;cc:ts t,cs,
Niveau 5
Niveau 4
Niveau 3
Niveau 2
Niveau 1
Au-dessous
du niveau 1
Gradient
socio-conomique
moyen
!0.
si l vlcu: cì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl uguc:tc cù:c
u:itc
l`cc:t t,c cc lì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl vut

u:c u:itc D:s u:c :c:titio: :o:ulc, ccux tic:s cc l oultio: sc situc:t
c:s u:c lgc cc vlcu:s co:t l liuitc suc:icu:c cst cglc l uo,c::c lus
u: cc:t t,c ct l liuitc i:ic:icu:c, l uo,c::c uoi:s u: cc:t t,c D:s
lc cs cc l :o:vcgc, : cxculc, lc g:cic:t co::cso:c u g:cic:t uo,c:
cc l`Dl ;+1 oi:ts, D:s cc ,s, lc sco:c uo,c: c: lcctu:c ccs clcvcs
co:t lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc cst i:ic:icu: cù:c u:itc l uo,c::c cst
cc +o+ oi:ts, soit +1 oi:ts cc uoi:s : :o:t u sco:c :tio:l uo,c:
;.0. oi:ts,, t:cis quc cclui ccs clcvcs co:t lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc cst
suc:icu: cù:c u:itc : :o:t l uo,c::c cst cc .+o, soit +1 oi:ts cc
lus : :o:t u sco:c :tio:l uo,c: c |c:ouc:c cut `t:c ccc:it
cù:c ut:c u:ic:c c: :o:vcgc, lcs sco:cs uo,c:s c: cou:c|c:sio: cc
l`cc:it ccs clcvcs qui sc situc:t c:s lc scxtilc lc uoi:s ivo:isc ct lc scxtilc
lc lus ivo:isc cc l oultio: cc l`Dl ciiic:c:t cc lus cc ! oi:ts,
soit lus cù: :ivcu cc couctc:cc ccs clcvcs qui so:t :ui lc sixicuc ccs
lus v:tgcs lÀllcug:c cst lc ,s ou l c:tc cu g:cic:t cst l lus
:o:o:ccc ;o0 oi:ts, l`cc:t c:t:c lc sco:c uo,c: c: lcctu:c ccs clcvcs
clsscs c:s lcs scxtilcs suc:icu: ct i:ic:icu: cu sttut sociocco:ouiquc
; l`cc|cllc i:tc::tio:lc, :c:csc:tc lus cc 1!0 oi:ts, soit :cs cc ccux
:ivcux cc couctc:cc
l !co.o. ccs lig:cs cc g:cic:t cst cctc:ui:cc : l lgc ccs vlcu:s cc
sttut sociocco:ouiquc ccs -0 ou: cc:t ucci:s ccs clcvcs ;c`cstci:c ccux
situcs c:t:c lc .
c
ct lc -.
c
cc:tilcs, cc c|quc ,s i:si quc : l c:tc ccs g:
cic:ts D:s l colo::c . cu t|lcu 1 iigu:c:t lcs lgcs cc vlcu:s cc lì:cicc
cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl : :o:t u g:cic:t ll s`git co:c
cù:c ucsu:c cc lùlcu: cc l cisc:sio: ccs clcvcs c: io:ctio: cu uilicu
sociocco:ouiquc llus lcs lig:cs cc g:cic:t so:t lo:gucs, lus l cisc:sio:
sociocco:ouiquc cc l oultio: cst g::cc c:s lc ,s co:cc::c
l o.o1. cc l :cltio: c:t:c l c:io:u:cc c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it
ct lc uilicu sociocco:ouiquc :c:voic lùlitucc cc l v:itio: cc l
c:io:u:cc i:civicucllc ccs clcvcs : :o:t l lig:c cc g:cic:t c
|c:ouc:c cst :c:csc:tc c:s l iigu:c 1 : l cisc:sio: ccs oi:ts
uccssus ct c: ccssous cc l lig:c, uis :`cst s :c:is c:s l iigu:c !
l colo::c + cu t|lcu 1 c|iii:c l v:i:cc cxliqucc cct i:cictcu:
sttistiquc cvluc l ug:itucc cc l :cltio: c: cctc:ui::t l :t cc l
v:itio: cu sco:c ccs clcvcs qui cut `t:c iuutcc l :cltio: :c:csc:tcc
: l lig:c cc g:cic:t i l vlcu: cc cct i:cictcu: cst ii|lc, l v:itio:
cc c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs :c cut `t:c ssocicc quc c:s u:c ii|lc ucsu:c
u uilicu sociocco:ouiquc ccs clcvcs, ct i:vc:scuc:t l: uo,c::c, c:s l
zo:c cc l`Dl, !0 ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs
su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cst iuut|lc u sttut
cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl cttc :t cc v:itio: s`ctc:c cù: ui:iuuu
cc . ou: cc:t c: lsl:cc u: uxiuuu cc !o ou: cc:t c: lo:g:ic
.lanlct| ac la
a/c|/or ac clcvc cr
jor.//or at n/l/ct o./o-
c.oron/tc.
.c/ aar tcllc nct|c
lc n/l/ct ac clcvc c/ l/c
a la c|jo|nar.c
!0o
l iigu:c ! ct lc t|lcu 1 ucttc:t lusicu:s |c:ouc:cs c: cvicc:cc
l: :cuic: licu, lc g:cic:t sociocco:ouiquc v:ic sclo: lcs ,s l iigu:c
uo:t:c :o: sculcuc:t lcs ,s qui :csc:tc:t u: :ivcu cc c:io:u:cc
ii|lc ou clcvc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, uis ussi
ccux qui iiic|c:t u:c v:itio: ii|lc ou clcvcc ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs
issus cc uilicux sociocco:ouiqucs ciiic:c:ts D:c uisc c: g:cc sìuosc
l`cg:c cc ccttc v:itio: i:si quc lc uo:t:c l`cxculc suiv:t qui cou:c
l situtio: cc ccux clcvcs lc :cuic: cst issu cù: uilicu uoi:s ivo:isc
c:s l oultio: i:tc::tio:lc, ci:q sixicucs ccs clcvcs :csc:tc:t u:
sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl suc:icu: u sic: lc scco:c cst issu
cù: uilicu :cltivcuc:t :ivilcgic c:s l oultio: i:tc::tio:lc, scul u:
clcvc su: six :csc:tc u: sttut sociocco:ouiquc suc:icu: u sic: l`cc:t
cc c:io:u:cc uo,c: c:t:c ccs ccux clcvcs v:ic cù: ,s lùt:c sclo: u:
cociiicic:t cgl t:ois cct cc:t :c:csc:tc +! oi:ts, soit 0o :ivcu
cc couctc:cc, u o: ct c: o:cc ct 1!0 oi:ts, soit 1 :ivcu cc
couctc:cc, c: Allcug:c ;lcs ccux cc:ts co::cso:cc:t u cou|lc cu
sco:c cu g:cic:t, soit u: cc:t t,c, l iigu:c uo:t:c ussi cli:cuc:t quc
ccs c:io:u:ccs clcvccs :c vo:t s io:ccuc:t cc i: vcc cc g::ccs
i:cglitcs l: ciict, cc:ti:s ccs ,s iiic|:t lcs lus |cllcs c:io:u:ccs
:csc:tc:t ccs g:cic:ts :cltivcuc:t cu :o:o:ccs
l: ccuxicuc licu, lcs lgcs ccs vlcu:s cc lì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil
ct cultu:cl :c:tics c: io:ctio: ccs lig:cs cc g:cic:t v:ic:t g::ccuc:t sclo:
lcs ,s uoi:s cc ! u:itcs cì:cicc sc:c:t lcs . ou: cc:t c`clcvcs issus ccs
uilicux lcs lus :ivilcgics ccs . ou: cc:t c`clcvcs issus ccs uilicux lcs lus
ccivo:iscs c: Aut:ic|c, u o:, c: kcu|liquc tc|cquc ct c: uccc ct cc:t
:c:csc:tc u uoi:s qut:c u:itcs u l:csil ct u \cxiquc lcs cciis quìuosc
l v:itio: cu uilicu socil ct cco:ouiquc ccs clcvcs ux s,stcucs c`c:scig:c
uc:t so:t co:c t:cs ciiic:c:ts cù: ,s lùt:c l: :o:t u o: ct l
uccc, lc l:csil ct lc \cxiquc u:o:t io:t ii:c ou: uclio:c: l`cglitc ccs
c|:ccs c:s lc coui:c cc l`c:scig:cuc:t
l: t:oisicuc licu, lcs g:cic:ts so:t :cltivcuc:t li:ci:cs c:s l lu:t
ccs ,s l: :cglc gc:c:lc, lùguc:ttio: cc l vlcu: cc lì:cicc cc sttut
cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl v cc i: vcc lùguc:ttio: cu :ivcu cc
c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it lou:t:t,
:ul :ù:it ctc su::is cc co:sttc: u:c c:tc lus :o:o:ccc ux vlcu:s
lus ii|lcs cc lì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl ct uoi:s
u:qucc ux vlcu:s lus clcvccs cc cct i:cicc
-
lcs g:cic:ts cc c:io:u:cc
su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it suivc:t ccttc tc:c:cc
c:s lusicu:s ,s Ioutciois, lùguc:ttio: cc l vlcu: cc lì:cicc cc sttut
cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl :c :ovoquc quù:c lcgc:c uociiictio: cc l
c:tc, :csquc i:ciscc::|lc c:s l iigu:c ! l: out:c c:s lcs ccux ,s ou
lì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl cst t:cs ii|lc u l:csil ct u
\cxiquc , lcs g:cic:ts suivc:t l tc:c:cc i:vc:sc l c:tc cst :cltivcuc:t
lc.a|/ ac c|jo|nar.c
cr/|c clcvc |/v/lcq/c c/
acavar/aqc va|/c atr
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ac ay a/jjc|c
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cnblablc t| /ot/c la
lorqtct| ac lc./cllc.
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cu u:qucc lo:squc lcs vlcu:s cì:cicc so:t ii|lcs, uis s`ccc:tuc ucsu:c
quc ccs vlcu:s uguc:tc:t lt ou:t:t, c:s ccs ccux ,s, l c:io:u:cc c:
lcctu:c ct lc sttut cco:ouiquc ct socil cù:c :oo:tio: :cltivcuc:t clcvcc
c`clcvcs so:t :cttcuc:t i:ic:icu:s ccux ccs . ou: cc:t c`clcvcs lcs lus
ii|lcs cc l lu:t ccs ,s cc l`Dl c co:stt ou::it i:ciquc: quìl
cxistc u: scuil cc sttut cco:ouiquc ct socil c: ccssous cuqucl lcs ciiic:c:ccs
sociocco:ouiqucs :ò:t guc:c cìuct su: l ccitc ccs clcvcs uc:c:
|ic: lcs tc|cs cui:ist:ccs c:s lc cc:c cu llA
l tc:c:cc l li:c:itc ccs g:cic:ts c:s l lgc cc vlcu:s cc lì:cicc cc
sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl c:s tous lcs ,s :c:voic u: |c:o
uc:c qui :cv`t u:c cc:ti:c iuo:t:cc ou: l`ctio: u|liquc l olitiquc
socilc cc :ou|:cux ,s visc cc:oit:c lcs :cssou:ccs ccs lus ccivo:iscs,
: lc |iis cc l iisclitc ou l uisc c: ouv:c cc :og:uucs sociux ccsti
:cs scciiiqucuc:t cc:ti:s g:oucs ci|lcs lcs :csultts cu llA i:ciquc:t
quìl cst ciiiicilc cc iixc: u: scuil cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl cu clcvc ,
sous lcqucl l c:io:u:cc |issc co:sicc:|lcuc:t Dc lus, si o: c:visgc lc
sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl couuc u: i:cictcu: i:ci:cct ccs ccci
sio:s ct ctcs ccs :c:ts vis:t c::ic|i: l`c:vi:o::cuc:t cc lcu:s c:i:ts
li:c vcc cux ou sì:tc:cssc: lcu:s ctivitcs scoli:cs, : cxculc , ccs
:csultts uo:t:c:t quìl :cstc u:c u:gc cùclio:tio: tous lcs :ivcux
cc l`cc|cllc sociocco:ouiquc lc iit quìl soit ulisc cc ciscc::c: cc scuil
:ìuliquc toutciois s quc lc soutic: ciiic:c:cic ux clcvcs :`cst s |ustiiic
Dc :ou|:cux ,s o:t :cussi ttc:uc: lcs ciiic:c:ccs cc c:io:u:cc c:t:c
lcs scxcs : lc |iis cc l ciiic:c:citio: cc lòii:c c`c:scig:cuc:t ct
cxculc uo:t:c quc ccs ciio:ts ci|lcs cuvc:t sc :cvclc: t:cs ciiicccs ou:
:ccui:c lcs cis:itcs
l:ii:, il :cstc cvoquc: l tc:c:cc l co:vc:gc:cc ccs g:cic:ts c: :csc:cc cc
vlcu:s clcvccs cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl lcs lig:cs cc l iigu:c !
so:t lus :oc|cs lcs u:cs ccs ut:cs c:s l :tic c:oitc quc c:s l :tic guc|c
cu g:|iquc Quoiquc uocc:cc, ccttc tc:c:cc
10
sig:iiic quc lcs ,s co:t lcs
sco:cs so:t clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it iiic|c:t c:
:cglc gc:c:lc ccs g:cic:ts lus u:iio:ucs lllc suggc:c cglcuc:t u:c v:itio:
uoi:c:c ccs c:io:u:ccs c: lcctu:c ccs clcvcs co:t lc sttut cco:ouiquc,
socil ct cultu:cl cst clcvc, c: cou:iso: vcc ccux co:t lc sttut cco:ouiquc,
socil ct cultu:cl cst ii|lc lìuct cc ciiic:c:tcs cxc:ic:ccs ccuctivcs su: l
c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs :isquc co:c c``t:c lus iuo:t:t ou: lcs clcvcs issus cc
uilicux sociocco:ouiqucs ccivo:iscs
l iigu:c ! uo:t:c cc u:ic:c t:cs sc|cutiquc quc t:t l :tu:c quc lùlcu:
cc l :cltio: c:t:c uilicu sociocco:ouiquc ct c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs v:ic:t
c:o:ucuc:t sclo: lcs ,s l`:l,sc lus :oio:cic cc ccs co::ccs :cvclc lusicu:s
tc:c:ccs lcs iigu:cs !c :cg:ouc:t lcs ,s c: io:ctio: ccs cou|i:iso:s cc
qulitc uo,c::c ;lcs c:io:u:ccs uo,c::cs ccs clcvcs c:s c|quc ,s, ct
c` cglitc ;ucsu:cc : lìuct cu sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl su: lcs
c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs, c`cstci:c l c:tc ccs g:cic:ts,
.c/ /l rcx//c a ac
ct/l |c./ ac
acavar/aqc o./al
ac/c|n/rar/ lc o/r/ oi
trc /r/c|vcr//or c|a//
lt cjj/.a.c
lc a/jjc|cr.c atr ay
a lat/|c or/ lt
/no|/ar/c cr/|c clcvc
acavar/aqc tcr/|c
clcvc avar/aqc
lc ay ctvcr/ c/|c
|cq|otc clor ac
.onb/ra/or ac
c|jo|nar.c noycrrc
c/ acqal//c
!0
o00
.00
+00
!00
! 1 ! ! 1 0
o00
.00
+00
!00
! 1 ! ! 1 0
o00
.00
+00
!00
! 1 ! ! 1 0
l:qurc J.3
ou: c|quc ,s
c.o1.. c..c..cc.o. co. .|oo. o,
l:cicc cu sttut
Niveau 5
Niveau 4
Niveau 3
Niveau 2
Niveau 1
Au-dessous
du niveau 1
A. Pays dont Ia performance moyenne est
significativement suprieure au niveau
statistique a Ia moyenne de I'OCDE
B. Pays dont Ia performance moyenne est
significativement infrieure au niveau
statistique a Ia moyenne de I'OCDE
C. Pays dont Ia performance moyenne se situe
significativement au-dessous de Ia moyenne
de I'OCDE
l:cicc cu sttut
Niveau 5
Niveau 4
Niveau 3
Niveau 2
Niveau 1
Au-dessous
du niveau 1
l:cicc cu sttut
Niveau 5
Niveau 4
Niveau 3
Niveau 2
Niveau 1
Au-dessous
du niveau 1
l'iuct cu co:tcxtc
sociocco:ouiquc su: l
c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs cst
i:ic:icu: l uo,c::c
l'iuct cu co:tcxtc
c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs :'cst
s sig:iiictivcuc:t
ciiic:c:t cc l'iuct uo,c:
ou: l'Dl
l'iuct cu co:tcxtc
c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs cst
suc:icu: l uo,c::c
Aut:ic|c
l:l:cc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:c
li:l:cc
lsl:cc
o:
o:cc
uccc
Aust:lic
lclgiquc
ko,uucD:i
l:csil
G:ccc
licc|tc:stci:
lolog:c
lo:tugl
ltlic
\cxiquc
lccc:tio: cc kussic
lsg:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
Allcug:c
lo:g:ic
luxcu|ou:g
D:cu:|
:o:vcgc
l::cc
uissc
lttsD:is
!0-
l iigu:c ! icc:tiiic lcs 1! ,s co:t l c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cst suc:icu:c l uo,c::c l:ui ccs ,s, six lc :c,
l o:cc, l li:l:cc, l`lsl:cc, lc o:
11
ct l uccc sc cisti:guc:t : l .o1.
oo!.. ct l .o1. .o!.. :cltivcs ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs issus cc g:oucs socio
cco:ouiqucs ciiic:c:ts
1!
;t|lcu 1, D:s lcs ,s cc ccttc ctcgo:ic, lc sco:c uo,c:
su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cst cc lò:c:c cc .!. oi:ts, soit u:
:ivcu :cttcuc:t suc:icu: l uo,c::c cc .00 cc l`Dl, uis lcu: c:tc uo,c::c
cst cc !0, cc qui cst :cttcuc:t i:ic:icu: l c:tc uo,c::c cc +1 cc l`Dl ll
:csso:t cc l`:l,sc cc ccs ,s quù: :ivcu :cltivcuc:t clcvc cc c:io:u:cc :`cst
s i:couti|lc vcc u:c cglitc :cltivc c:t:c g:oucs sociocco:ouiqucs ivo:iscs ct
ccivo:iscs D:s t:ois ut:cs ,s, svoi: lÀust:lic, l lclgiquc ct lc ko,uucD:i,
l c:io:u:cc cst cc g::cc qulitc, uis l`..o!.. ccs c:io:u:ccs c:t:c clcvcs ccs
ciiic:c:ts g:oucs sociocco:ouiqucs cst suc:icu:c l uo,c::c
1!
D:s lcs ut:cs ,s
cc l iigu:c lÀut:ic|c, l`l:l:cc ct l :ouvcllcZcl:cc l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c cst
suc:icu:c l uo,c::c cc l`Dl, uis il :`cxistc s cc ciiic:c:cc sttistiqucuc:t
sig:iiictivc c:t:c lcu:s g:cic:ts ct lc g:cic:t uo,c: cc l`Dl
l iigu:c !| icc:tiiic lcs ci:q ,s co:t lc sco:c :`cst s sig:iiictivcuc:t ciiic:c:t
cc l uo,c::c cc l`Dl l:ui ccs ,s, lcs lttsD:is, l l::cc ct l uissc
iiic|c:t u:c ..o!.. o....o.. o !o c,.. c:t:c lcs ciiic:c:ts g:oucs socio
cco:ouiqucs, lo:s quc lcs g:cic:ts sociocco:ouiqucs cu D:cu:| ct cc l
:o:vcgc :c ciiic:c:t s sig:iiictivcuc:t cu g:cic:t uo,c: cc l`Dl
l iigu:c !c icc:tiiic lcs 1! ,s co:t lc sco:c su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cst i:ic:icu: l uo,c::c Qut:c cc ccs ,s lÀllcug:c,
l lo:g:ic, lc luxcu|ou:g ct l kcu|liquc tc|cquc :csc:tc:t u:c ..o!..
o....o.. o !o c,.. ct u:c c:io:u:cc i:ic:icu:c l uo,c::c cttc :l,sc
co::c c:sc: quìls ou::ic:t :c|ussc: sc:si|lcuc:t lcu: c:io:u:cc uo,c::c
sìls :vc:ic:t ttc:uc: lìuct cu uilicu sociocco:ouiquc su: l c:io:u:cc
ccs clcvcs l:vc:scuc:t, c: lsg:c, c: lccc:tio: cc kussic, c: ltlic ct u \cxiquc,
l c:io:u:cc i:ic:icu:c l uo,c::c sc cou|i:c u:c cglitc suc:icu:c l
uo,c::c ccs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs issus cc g:oucs sociocco:ouiqucs ciiic:c:ts
D:s lcs ut:cs ,s quc uo:t:c ccttc iigu:c lc l:csil, l G:ccc, lc licc|tc:stci:,
l lolog:c ct lc lo:tugl l c:io:u:cc uo,c::c cst i:ic:icu:c l uo,c::c cc
l`Dl, uis il :`cxistc s cc ciiic:c:cc sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivc c:t:c lcu:
g:cic:t sociocco:ouiquc ct lc g:cic:t uo,c: cc l`Dl
lc co:tcxtc gc:c:l c:s lcqucl lcs s,stcucs c`c:scig:cuc:t so:t uis c: ouv:c ct,
su:tout, l :c:titio: ccs v:i|lcs cco:ouiqucs ct socilcs u sci: ccs ,s coivc:t
cc toutc cvicc:cc `t:c :is c: co:sicc:tio: ou: i:tc::ctc: ccs :cltio:s
Les divers aspects du miIieu socio-conomique
l`:l,sc cxoscc |usquìci sc |sc su: lì:cicc couositc cc sttut cco:ouiquc,
socil ct cultu:cl ll scu|lc toutciois utilc cc sc c:c|c: su: lcs iucts scciiiqucs
ccs civc:s clcuc:ts co:stitu:t lc uilicu ccs clcvcs su: l c:io:u:cc c:s lcs
coui:cs c`cvlutio: cu llA ou: cou:c:c:c lus :cciscuc:t lcs :iso:s ct
.lc ay t/ |ct/cr/
b/cr cr noycrrc
ctvcr/ |ccr/c| a/vc|
acq|c a/rcqal//c cr/|c
clcvc.
.lc ay aor/ la
c|jo|nar.c c/ noycrrc
ctvcr/ |ccr/c| tr c.a|/
/no|/ar/ cr/|c a/jjc|cr/
q|otc o./atx.
.c/ or ct/ obc|vc|
at/ ac jo|/c /rcqal//c
aar .c|/a/r ay aor/
lc c|jo|nar.c c
//tcr/ at-acot ac la
noycrrc
|l c/ cqalcncr/ o/blc
a/olc| l/na./ |cc.//j ac
a/vc| clcncr/ .or///tar/ lc
n/l/ct ac clcvc.
!10
lcs ci:co:st:ccs cc l v:itio: cc l :cltio: c:t:c uilicu sociocco:ouiquc ct
c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c:t:c lcs ,s `cst :cciscuc:t lò||cctii cc l`:l,sc qui
suit cttc :l,sc ctucic lcs couos:ts cc lì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct
cultu:cl ct lcs v:i|lcs , iic:c:t, tcllcs quc l st:uctu:c iuililc ct lò:igi:c ccs
clcvcs ;utoc|to:c ou lloc|to:c,
1+
l uct|occ l lus siulc ou: ucsu:c: lìuct cc ccs sccts cc u:ic:c

co|c:c:tc c:s l`c:scu|lc cc l`Dl co:sistc ctucic:, c:s c|quc ,s, u:
g:ouc vi:tucl cc 1 000 clcvcs co:t lc :oiil cst icc:tiquc cclui cù: g:ouc
co:stituc : u: cc|:tillo::gc lctoi:c c:s l zo:c Dl ;lc :ou|:c
c`clcvcs ct:t icc:tiquc c:s c|quc ,s,
.
l couositio: uo,c::c cc cc g:ouc cc 1 000 clcvcs cst l suiv:tc

.01 g:o:s ct +-- iillcs ;voi: .oc..1c., ,
1o! clcvcs issus cc iuillcs uo:o:c:tlcs ;t|lcu o-, ,
+1 clcvcs :cs c:s u: ut:c ,s quc cclui cc l`cvlutio: ;t|lcu o10, ,
.. clcvcs ou: lcsqucls l l:guc l lus souvc:t :lcc l uiso: cst
ciiic:c:tc cc ccllc cu tcst, cùt:cs l:gucs oiiicicllcs ou cùt:cs cilcctcs
:tio:ux ;t|lcu o11, ,
lc :ou|:c cc i:c:cs ct sou:s ccs clcvcs cu g:ouc cst cou:is c:t:c u: ct
ccux ;voi: .oc..1c., ,
lcs :c:ts ccs clcvcs cu g:ouc o:t c: uo,c::c suivi 1!! ::ccs c`ctuccs
;voi: l`::cxc A1, ,
u:c vlcu: uo,c::c cc +- lì:cicc sociocco:ouiquc cc sttut :oicssio::cl
cc cclui ccs ccux :c:ts ou: qui l vlcu: cc cct i:cicc cst l lus clcvcc
;voi: lc t|lcu o1, ct u:c vlcu: uo,c::c cc zc:o lì:cicc llA cu
t:iuoi:c cultu:cl ;voi: lc t|lcu o!,, c: :iso: cc l co:cctio: ciiic:c:tc
cc ccs i:ciccs ;voi: l`::cxc A1,
l`:l,sc suiv:tc ctucic l c:io:u:cc :cvuc cù: cc|:tillo: cc cc t,c
c:s c|quc ,s lllc couuc:cc : |ustc: lcs :csultts cu llA c: io:ctio:
cc l .cc..c cc l oultio: cu g:ouc c`clcvcs, u: ictcu: qui cxliquc
ccs ciiic:c:ccs cc c:io:u:cc lllc sc c:c|c c:suitc su: lìuct ccs
c:ctc:istiqucs scciiiqucs su: lc :csultt t|co:iquc ccs clcvcs lllc c:uct
c:s u:c cc:ti:c ucsu:c cìcc:tiiic: lcs cs c:s lcsqucls lcs :csultts i:ic:icu:s
ou suc:icu:s so:t cxliqucs : ccs ciiic:c:ccs cc c:io:u:cc :cltivc c:t:c
ccs clcvcs cc cc:ti:s g:oucs, lutt quc : l v:itio: cu :ou|:c c`clcvcs
:tc::t ccs g:oucs c:s c|quc ,s
lc t|lcu ! :csuuc lcs :csultts cc ccttc :l,sc l :cuic:c colo::c cu
t|lcu i:ciquc l c:io:u:cc :ccllc ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, tcllc qu`cllc iigu:c c:s lc c|it:c ! l ccuxicuc
colo::c cu t|lcu co::c, ou: c|quc ,s, u:c cstiutio: cc l c:io:
u:cc cù: g:ouc :c:csc:ttii tcl quc cclui ccc:it ciccssus l: uo,c::c,
c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl ;c:uuc:cs u |s cu t|lcu !,, lc sco:c |ustc su:
.cr c/ta/ar/ tr q|otc
aclcvc v/|/tcl avc. tr
|oj/l o./o-c.oron/tc
.o||coraar/ at |oj/l
/yc ac ./atc ay
la actx/cnc .olorrc
at /ablcat -2 at/c lc
.o|c noycr cr jor.//or
ac .a|a./c|///tc
o./o-c.oron/tc.
!11
l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cst cc .0. oi:ts Ioutciois,
lcs sco:cs |ustcs v:ic:t g::ccuc:t sclo: lcs ,s cc l`Dl cc +.0 oi:ts
u \cxiquc .+! oi:ts c: li:l:cc l: cùt:cs tc:ucs, l c:io:u:cc
uo,c::c v:ic sc:si|lcuc:t sclo: lcs ,s, uùc :cs u: |ustcuc:t c:
io:ctio: cù: cc:ti: :ou|:c cc v:i|lcs co:tcxtucllcs, co:t l osscssio: cc
cc:ti:s |ic:s coucstiqucs, lìuuig:tio:, ctc
lcs ut:cs colo::cs cu t|lcu ! uo:t:c:t l`ciict i:civicucl ccs c:ctc:isti
qucs cisti:ctcs cu uilicu sociocco:ouiquc su: l c:io:u:cc c: cou:c|c:
sio: cc l`cc:it
l colo::c ! cu t|lcu ! uo:t:c l ciiic:c:cc cc c:io:u:cc c:t:c lcs clcvcs
qui vivc:t c:s u:c iuillc uo:o:c:tlc ct ccux qui vivc:t c:s cùt:cs t,cs
cc iuillc ;voi: cglcuc:t lc t|lcu o-, lcs vlcu:s c: g:s i:ciquc:t quc
lcs :cltio:s so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivcs l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc
l`Dl, l`cc:t cc c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc
l`cc:it :c:csc:tc :cs cc 11 oi:ts ct cst ivo:|lc ux clcvcs viv:t c:s ccs
iuillcs :uclci:cs ;toutcs c|oscs ct:t cglcs : illcu:s, ll cst cou:is c:t:c
1+ ct 1 oi:ts ux lttsD:is, c: li:l:cc ct u ko,uucD:i ct c:t:c 11 ct
1! oi:ts c: o:cc, c: l::cc, c: l:l:cc ct c: uccc ll :`cst s sttistiqucuc:t
sig:iiictii c:s lcs ut:cs ,s, l`cxcctio: toutciois cc l`ltlic ; oi:ts,
D:s l lu:t ccs ,s, l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs qui so:t :cs l`ct::gc:
;voi: cglcuc:t lc t|lcu o10, tc:c:cc `t:c i:ic:icu:c ccllc ccs clcvcs
utoc|to:cs, uùc :cs :isc c: co:sicc:tio: cc tous lcs ut:cs ictcu:s,
couuc lì:ciquc l colo::c . cu t|lcu ! D:s l`c:scu|lc cc l`Dl,
l`cc:t :c:csc:tc c: uo,c::c !o oi:ts Ioutciois, il v:ic g::ccuc:t sclo: lcs
,s l: Aut:ic|c, u licc|tc:stci:, u \cxiquc ct c: uissc, il :c:csc:tc
lus cc .0 oi:ts, soit lus cc l uoitic cù: cc:t t,c cu sco:c su: l`cc|cllc
cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, t:cis quùx lttsD:is, c: lccc:tio:
cc kussic, u lo:tugl ct c: kcu|liquc tc|cquc, il :`cst s sttistiqucuc:t
sig:iiictii ;uoi:s cc 10 oi:ts,
o
lc :ivcu cc c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs lloc|to:cs
ccc:c :tu:cllcuc:t cc :ou|:cux ut:cs ictcu:s quc lcs sculcs c:ctc:istiqucs
co:tcxtucllcs ucsu:ccs : lc llA ct :l,sccs ici lcu:s :csultts so:t cglcuc:t
lics ux co:citio:s cc lcu: iuuig:tio: ct ux cxc:ic:ccs ccuctivcs vccucs c:s
lcu: ,s cò:igi:c, uis ussi l`ciiiccitc ccs :ouvcux s,stcucs c`c:scig:cuc:t
c:s lcsqucls ils so:t c:t:cs
l colo::c o cu t|lcu ! uo:t:c qu`c: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc
l`Dl, l`cc:oisscuc:t cù: cc:t t,c
cc l vlcu: cc lì:cicc socio

cco:ouiquc i:tc::tio:l cc sttut :oicssio::cl co::c licu u:c uguc:t
tio: cc ! oi:ts
c:vi:o: cu sco:c su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:

cc l`cc:it D:c :ouvcllc iois, ccttc uo,c::c occultc cc g::ccs cis:itcs sclo:
lcs ,s `cst c: Allcug:c quc lìuct cc l`cc:oisscuc:t cu sttut socio
cco:ouiquc cst lc lus iuo:t:t ;o oi:ts, l: :cv:c|c, il cst ii|lc ct
sttistiqucuc:t :o: sig:iiictii u l:csil, c: o:cc, u D:cu:|, c: li:l:cc,
c: G:ccc, c: l:l:cc, c: lsl:cc, c: :o:vcgc ct c: uccc
-
.c/ lc at/|c .olorrc

nor/|cr/ lcjjc/ /ra/v/atcl ac
./a.trc ac .c .a|a./c|///tc
lc ja// ac v/v|c aar trc
jan/llc noroa|cr/alc
ra tr /na./ a///r./
tc aar trc n/ro|//c
ac ay.
.c/|c rc a lc/|arqc|
a trc /rjltcr.c lt
|oror.cc b/cr tc
.c rc o// a lc .a
a|/ot/.
.avo/| tr a|cr/ aor/
lc /a/t/ |ojc/orrcl c/
clcvc ct/ avo/| tr cjjc/
.or/ac|ablc aar .c|/a/r
ay c/ rc//cncr/ no/ra|c
aar aat/|c.
!1!
l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, c|quc ::cc c`ctucc sulcuc:ti:c
ccs :c:ts ;voi: l`::cxc A1, co::c licu u:c :og:cssio: cc . oi:ts c:vi:o:
cu sco:c su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cttc uo,c::c cst
sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivc, lì:st: ccs uguc:ttio:s iic:c:tcs c:s l lu:t
ccs ,s ;voi: l colo::c cu t|lcu !, l: uo,c::c, u:c :og:cssio: cù:
oi:t ;soit u: cc:t t,c, cc l vlcu: ccs i:ciccs llA cc :cssou:ccs ccuctivcs
ct cc t:iuoi:c cultu:cl ;voi: lc t|lcu o!, :ovoquc u:c uguc:ttio: cc
:cscctivcuc:t 1! ct 1! oi:ts cu sco:c c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ;voi: lcs
colo::cs ct - cu t|lcu !, ouuc c`cst lc cs ou: lcs ut:cs v:i|lcs,
l`ciict cc c|cu: cc ccs ictcu:s v:ic sc:si|lcuc:t sclo: lcs ,s :tici:ts
D:s l`c:scu|lc, cc :ou|:cux sccts cu uilicu sociocco:ouiquc ucsu:cs
: lc llA o:t u: iuct iuo:t:t su: l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c:s lcs ,s
cc l`Dl, uis l :tu:c ct lùlcu: cc ccs :cltio:s v:ic:t co:sicc:|lc
uc:t sclo: lcs ,s ll :csso:t : illcu:s cc ccttc :l,sc quc lcs ciiic:c:ccs cc
c:io:u:cc c:t:c lcs clcvcs ccs civc:s ,s llA :c cis:issc:t s lo:squc
lcs cis:itcs liccs u uilicu iuilil ccs clcvcs so:t :iscs c: co:sicc:tio:
l`ccqutio: ccs :cctio:s olitiqucs cc tcllcs cis:itcs c:s lcs c:io:u:
ccs ccs clcvcs ccc:c :tu:cllcuc:t cc ictcu:s cco:ouiqucs ct sociux qui
so:t |o:s cc o:tcc cu co:s c:scig::t Ioutciois, l`:l,sc ccs g:cic:ts
c:uct cc c:ctc:isc: l c:io:u:cc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ct, co:c, cc ti:c:
ccs co:clusio:s c:ti:c:tcs ou: l olitiquc cc l`c:scig:cuc:t lc llA
:otuuc:t ou: u|itio: cìcc: lcs ,s ucsu:c: lcs c:io:u:ccs cc lcu:
s,stcuc c`c:scig:cuc:t : cut cou:c: lcs uo,c::cs, lcs :c:titio:s ct
lcs g:cic:ts sociocco:ouiqucs :tio:ux ccs ciiic:c:ts ,s, uis o: cut
ussi :occcc: ccs cou:iso:s lì:tc:icu: ccs ,s c:t:c lcs ltts, lcs
:ovi:ccs ou cùt:cs g:oucs c`clcvcs lcs ,s u:o:t cglcuc:t l ossi|ilitc
cc sc :c:c:c coutc cc l`cvolutio: cc ccs i:cictcu:s c:t:c lc c,clc c`cvlu
tio: llA !000 ct lcs c,clcs c`cvlutio: vc:i:
Le rle des tablIssements dans l'attnuatIon de l'Impact du
dsavantage socIo-conomIque
:ou|:cux so:t lcs ictcu:s lics lì:ic:io:itc sociocco:ouiquc uxqucls l olitiquc
cc l`c:scig:cuc:t :c cut s`ttquc: ci:cctcuc:t, cu uoi:s cou:t tc:uc A tit:c
c`cxculc, cito:s lc :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t ccs :c:ts, qui :c cut uguc:tc:
quc :og:cssivcuc:t, ou c:co:c l :ic|cssc iuililc, qui ccc:c cu ccvclocuc:t
socil ct cco:ouiquc lo:g tc:uc cu ,s, i:si quc cc l`c:g:c i:civicucllc
cl suscitc u:c qucstio: :iuo:cilc u:cs ccs olitiqucs c:s qucllc ucsu:c lcs
ct|lisscuc:ts ct lcu:s olitiqucs c`c:scig:cuc:t cuvc:tils ttc:uc: lìuct cc
lì:ic:io:itc sociocco:ouiquc su: l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs
lìcc:tiiictio: ccs olitiqucs susccti|lcs cùclio:c: l c:io:u:cc glo|lc
ccs clcvcs ct c`ttc:uc: lìuct cu uilicu sociocco:ouiquc su: lcu:
:c:ccuc:t c`cstci:c clcvc: lc :ivcu cc c:io:u:cc ct :ccui:c l c:tc cu
g:cic:t sociocco:ouiquc ccs ,s ssc : l`:l,sc cc l :c:titio: cu
.c/ lc ja// aavo/| ac
a|cr/ aor/ lc r/vcat ac
jo|na//or c/ lt clcvc
cxc|.c trc /rjltcr.c
|a//tcncr/ a|/ot/
lc n/l/ct a tr /na./ t/
va|/c .or/ac|ablcncr/.
.c/ lc l|- jot|r//
ac /r/|tncr/ q|a.c
atxtcl lc ay
ot||or/ ot|t/v|c
lc/tac ac .c /croncrc
lc acavar/aqc
t/ na|tc tr clcvc
rc c qonnc a
a/cncr/ na/
lc c/abl/cncr/
ctvcr/-/l cr
a//crtc| lcjjc/ `
|l c/ rc.ca/|c ac avo/|
/ lc a/a|//c c //tcr/
cr/|c lc c/abl/cncr/ ot
a l/r/c|/ct| ac .ctx-./
!1!
:ivcu cc c:io:u:cc c:t:c lcs ct|lisscuc:ts ct u sci: cc ccuxci lou: cc
ii:c, il suiiit cc cccouosc: lc g:cic:t cù: ,s c: g:cic:ts o. .o/!..
., qui ccc:ivc:t l :cltio: c:t:c l c:io:u:cc i:civicucllc ct lc uilicu
iuilil ccs clcvcs qui cvoluc:t c:s u: uùc c:vi:o::cuc:t scoli:c, ct c:
g:cic:ts cc cou:iso: ... .o/!..., qui ccc:ivc:t l :cltio: c:t:c l
c:io:u:cc uo,c::c ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ct lc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct
cultu:cl uo,c: cc lcu:s ciicctiis
D:s cc:ti:s ,s, o: o|sc:vc u:c scg:cgtio: sociocco:ouiquc sscz t::c|cc
ccs clcvcs, :ovoqucc :o: sculcuc:t : l scg:cgtio: cc :csicc:cc ct :
lcs ictcu:s cco:ouiqucs, uis ussi : cc:ti:cs c:ctc:istiqucs cu s,stcuc
c`c:scig:cuc:t l c:tc ccs g:cic:ts sociocco:ouiqucs tc:c , `t:c
iuo:t:tc ll cst ossi|lc quc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts :ivcs ou ccs iilic:cs ou
ct|lisscuc:ts sclcctiis u sci: cu s,stcuc c`c:scig:cuc:t u|lic co:t:i|uc:t
ccttc scg:cgtio: sociocco:ouiquc D:s ccs ,s, il iut sc c:c|c: su: lcs
ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts ou: icc:tiiic: ccs uo,c:s cùclio:c: l qulitc
ct l`cglitc ;c`cstci:c clcvc: lc :ivcu cc c:io:u:cc ct :ccui:c l c:tc cu
g:cic:t, l:ui lcs st:tcgics c:visgc|lcs, cito:s l :ccuctio: cc l scg:cgtio:
sociocco:ouiquc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts, lìiccttio: ciiic:c:cicc ccs :cssou:ccs
ux ct|lisscuc:ts ct ux :og:uucs c`c:scig:cuc:t ct l`cl|o:tio: cù:c
oii:c ciiic:c:cicc ct :o:icc c`c:scig:cuc:t, qucls quc soic:t lcs c:itc:cs
liqucs cct cg:c D:s ccs ,s, il cst iuc:tii cc cou:c:c:c l :cltio:
c:t:c lìiccttio: ccs :cssou:ccs u tit:c cc l`c:scig:cuc:t ct lc sttut socio
cco:ouiquc ccs ciicctiis ccs ct|lisscuc:ts
D:s cùt:cs ,s, l scg:cgtio: sociocco:ouiquc cst :cltivcuc:t ii|lc
c:t:c lcs ct|lisscuc:ts l: cùt:cs tc:ucs, lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc uo,c:
ccs ciicctiis ccs ct|lisscuc:ts :c v:ic guc:c l qulitc ;lc :ivcu cu g:cic:t,
ct l`cglitc ;l c:tc cu g:cic:t, , so:t cssc:ticllcuc:t i:iluc:cccs : l
:cltio: c:t:c l c:io:u:cc ct lc uilicu sociocco:ouiquc c:so::cl ccs
clcvcs u sci: cc c|quc ct|lisscuc:t D:s ccs ,s, c`cst :i:cilcuc:t c:s
lcs ct|lisscuc:ts quìl iut gi: ou: uclio:c: l iois l qulitc ct l`cglitc
kccui:c lùlcu: cc l scg:cgtio: sociocco:ouiquc c:t:c clcvcs u sci:
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cst u:c otio: c:visgc|lc, qui :cquic:t :o||lcuc:t u:c
ctucc su: lc :cg:oucuc:t : tituccs D:c ssist:cc lus ci:cctc ux clcvcs
ii|lcs cst cut`t:c cglcuc:t :cccssi:c D:s ccs ,s, il cst iuc:tii
cc cou:c:c:c l :cltio: c:t:c lìiccttio: ccs :cssou:ccs lì:tc:icu: ccs
ct|lisscuc:ts ct lcs c:ctc:istiqucs sociocco:ouiqucs cc lcu:s ciicctiis
D:s l scctio: qui suit, lc :lc quc l olitiquc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cut |ouc:
c:s ccttc cqutio: cst cxui:c cc u:ic:c lus :oio:cic l :cuic:c
:l,sc sc |sc su: l co:sicc:tio: cvoqucc u c|it:c ! :oos cc lùlcu:
cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts ct u sci: cc ccuxci ;voi:
lc t|lcu !+, lllc couuc:cc : cctc:ui:c: c:s qucllc ucsu:c ccs ccux
:ivcux cc v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts ct c:t:c clcvcs so:t iuut|lcs
ccs ictcu:s cò:c:c cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl ct u scxc l:suitc, cllc
lc ay oi la
cq|cqa//or o./alc cr/|c
c/abl/cncr/ c/ lt
/|ar./cc ot||a/cr/
crv/aqc| ac allo.a//or
ac |cot|.c c/ ac
|a//tc ac clc.//or
ot| ancl/o|c| lc
q|aa/cr/ o./atx
.alo| tc ac y/cnc
cat.a//j lt
/c/c|oqcrc ot||a/cr/
crv/aqc| ac
ancl/o|a//or a
l/r/c|/ct| ac
c/abl/cncr/
!1+
cxui:c si l :t cc v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts qui . o ssocicc ux
c:ctc:istiqucs ct u uilicu iuilil ccs clcvcs cst licc u uilicu sociocco:oui
quc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts, ccs ictcu:s :cltiis ccs c:ctc:istiqucs cu s,stcuc
ccuctii i:si quùx olitiqucs ct :tiqucs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts
MiIieu socio-conomique et variation de Ia performance entre
tabIissements
lc c|it:c ! uo:t:c quc l c:io:u:cc ccs |cu:cs cc 1. :s v:ic co:sicc:
|lcuc:t c:t:c lcs ct|lisscuc:ts c:s l lu:t ccs ,s l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs
,s cc l`Dl, !o ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: totlc cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs
su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cst iuut|lc l v:itio:
c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts ;t|lcu !+, ll cst iuc:tii cc cou:c:c:c ou:quoi, c:s
u: uùc ,s, cc:ti:s ct|lisscuc:ts ou s,stcucs c`c:scig:cuc:t iiic|c:t u:
ucillcu: :c:ccuc:t quc cùt:cs ou: :og:cssc: su: l voic cc lùclio:tio:
cc l`c:scig:cuc:t lou: cc ii:c, il iut :l,sc: l`ciict co:|uguc ccs ictcu:s
lics ux clcvcs ct ux ct|lisscuc:ts su: l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c:t:c lcs
ct|lisscuc:ts cc c|quc ,s ct lì:tc:icu: cc ccuxci
ll cst ossi|lc c`cstiuc: l :t iuut|lc u uilicu iuilil ccs clcvcs cc l
v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c:t:c ct c:s lcs ct|lisscuc:ts, tcllc
quc ucsu:cc : lcs ictcu:s co:tcxtucls :is c: co:sicc:tio: c:s l`:l,sc
cu t|lcu ! lc t|lcu ! :csc:tc lcs :csultts cc ccttc :l,sc A tit:c
c`cxculc, cito:s lc cs cc lÀust:lic ou 1o ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: lì:tc
:icu: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ct o+ ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts cst
iuut|lc ux ictcu:s iuiliux :ctc:us ux colo::cs ! ct - cu t|lcu !
cs c|iii:cs so:t t:cs ciiic:c:ts cc ccux c::cgist:cs c: lolog:c : cxculc lc
uilicu iuilil ccs clcvcs cst :cso:s|lc cc ! ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: c:s lcs
ct|lisscuc:ts ct cc 10 ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts
lou: cou:c: lcs ,s c: io:ctio: cc l :t cc v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts iuut|lc
u uilicu iuilil ccs clcvcs, il , licu cc tc:i: coutc cglcuc:t cc lùlitucc cc l
v:itio: glo|lc c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts ;voi: lc t|lcu !+, Ai:si, c`cst c: uccc quc lcs
ictcu:s lics u uilicu iuilil csc:t lc lus su: l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts ;! ou:
cc:t, voi: lc t|lcu !, :, l uccc :csc:tc l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts l
lus ii|lc cc tous lcs ,s, l`cxcctio: cc l`lsl:cc ;- ou: cc:t, voi: lc t|lcu !+,
l:vc:scuc:t, c: lolog:c, l :t cc v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts iuut|lc ux
ictcu:s lics u uilicu iuilil cst l lus ii|lc cc tous lcs ,s ;10 ou: cc:t, voi:
lc t|lcu !,, lo:s quc l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts , cst suc:icu:c ccllc
cc tous lcs ,s sui qut:c ;lÀllcug:c, lÀut:ic|c, l lo:g:ic ct l uissc, voi: lc
t|lcu !+, l: gc:c:l, lus g::cc cst l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts, lus ii|lc
c: cst l :t iuut|lc u uilicu iuilil ccs clcvcs
: o|sc:vc cglcuc:t ccs ciiic:c:ccs u:quccs c:t:c lcs ,s co:cc:::t l
v:itio: lì:tc:icu: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts iuut|lc u uilicu iuilil cs ou:
cc:tgcs so:t toutciois sc:si|lcuc:t i:ic:icu:s ccux c::cgist:cs l`cg:c cc
l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts l tc:c:cc gc:c:lc qui :csso:t cc l`:l,sc
cst i:vc:sc lus l v:itio: c:s lcs ct|lisscuc:ts cst g::cc ;t|lcu !+,,
- c/rc lt atr //c|
ac la va|/a//or aar la
c|jo|nar.c ac clcvc
c/ /nt/ablc atx
a/jjc|cr.c cr/|c
c/abl/cncr/
lc a/jjc|cr.c ac n/l/ct
cr/|c clcvc cxl/tcr/ la
va|/a//or cr/|c
c/abl/cncr/ c/ a
l/r/c|/ct| ac .ctx-./.
.na/ la oi lc a/a|//c
or/ jo|/c at c/r ac
c/abl/cncr/ .cla ct/
c/|c ai a ac a/jjc|cr.c
o./o-c.oron/tc
!1.
lus l :t qui c: cst iuut|lc ux ictcu:s lics u uilicu iuilil cst iuo:t:tc
;t|lcu !, Ai:si, lcs ictcu:s :cltiis u uilicu iuilil cxliquc:t c:vi:o:
!0 ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: u sci: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c: :o:vcgc ct c:
:ouvcllcZcl:cc, lcs ccux ,s qui iiic|c:t l v:itio: l lus iuo:t:tc u
sci: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts l:ui lcs ut:cs ,s, ccttc :t :`cst ussi iuo:t:tc
qu`c: li:l:cc ct u luxcu|ou:g ;!0 ou: cc:t, l: lolog:c, l :t iuut|lc
u uilicu iuilil cc l v:itio: u sci: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cst lus ii|lc quc
:tout illcu:s ;! ou: cc:t,, uis ccttc v:itio: cst ussi cllcuùc i:ic:icu:c
ccllc cc tous lcs ut:cs ,s, sui t:ois ;l o:cc, l lo:g:ic ct lc \cxiquc,
En quoi Ie statut sociaI des tabIissements infIuence-t-iI Iìmpact du
miIieu socio-conomique des Ieves 7
l`:l,sc cxoscc civ:t uo:t:c quù:c :t su|st:ticllc cc l v:itio:
c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts cc l c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c
|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cst iuut|lc u uilicu sociocco:ouiquc ccs clcvcs lc
uilicu sociocco:ouiquc cut voi: ccux t,cs cìuct cù:c :t, l`ciict cu
uilicu sociocco:ouiquc c:so::cl cc c|quc clcvc su: s c:io:u:cc i:civi
cucllc ct, cùt:c :t, l`ciict co:|uguc cu uilicu sociocco:ouiquc cc tous lcs
clcvcs i:sc:its c:s l`ct|lisscuc:t su: lc :c:ccuc:t ccs ciicctiis cttc :otio:
cìuct collcctii :cv`t u:c iuo:t:cc citlc ou: lcs ccciccu:s ccsi:cux cc
g::ti: l`cglitc ccs c|:ccs tous lcs clcvcs
l :c:titio: ccs ciicctiis c:t:c lcs ct|lisscuc:ts cù: cist:ict ou cù:c :cgio: ou
c:t:c lcs clsscs ct lcs iilic:cs u sci: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ccs iulictio:s sig:iiictivcs
ou: lcs co:citio:s c`c:scig:cuc:t ct c`:c:tissgc ct, c: co:scquc:cc, ou: lcs
ii:litcs cc l`c:scig:cuc:t ll :csso:t cù: cc:ti: :ou|:c c`ctuccs quc lcs ct|lis
scuc:ts qui |c:ciicic:t cù: sttut sociocco:ouiquc lus clcvc o:t tc:c:cc
:csc:tc: lusicu:s v:tgcs l: :cglc gc:c:lc, ils :coivc:t u: lus g::c soutic:
ccs :c:ts ct ils :c:co:t:c:t uoi:s cc :o|lcucs cc ciscili:c lcs :cltio:s c:t:c lcs
c:scig::ts ct lcs clcvcs , so:t ucillcu:cs, tout couuc lc uo:l cc lcu:s c:sci
g::ts, ct lc cliut qui , :cg:c c:cou:gc lcs clcvcs o|tc:i: cc ucillcu:s :csultts
!0

lc :,t|uc uqucl lcs :og:uucs c`c:scig:cuc:t so:t cisc:scs , cst gc:c:
lcuc:t lus soutc:u lcs c:scig::ts coucs ct uotivcs so:t lus susccti|lcs cc
sò:ic:tc: vc:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts |ouiss:t cù: sttut sociocco:ouiquc suc:icu: ct
uoi:s susccti|lcs cc c|:gc: c`ct|lisscuc:t ou c`|:co::c: lcu: :oicssio: lcs
i:tc:ctio:s vcc lcs i:s ;ccs clcvcs coucs t:villc:t c:scu|lc, cuvc:t cglcuc:t
:c:io:cc: lìuct co:tcxtucl lic u sttut sociocco:ouiquc :ivilcgic l:ui
lcs ut:cs ictcu:s, cito:s c:ii: l`ciict c`c:t:i:cuc:t, l`cuultio: c:t:c clcvcs ct
l voctio: cc cc:ti:s ct|lisscuc:ts ou :og:uucs :c:c: l`c:t:cc c:s
l`c:scig:cuc:t tc:tii:c
l iigu:c + :csc:tc u:c cstiutio: cc lìuct cu sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct
cultu:cl ct ccs ut:cs v:i|lcs co:tcxtucllcs cu t|lcu ! su: lcs couctc:ccs c:
lcctu:c ccs clcvcs, cù:c :t, i:civicucllcuc:t ct, cùt:c :t, collcctivcuc:t, ou:
l`c:scu|lc ccs ciicctiis cù: ct|lisscuc:t co::c cs c|iii:cs o:t ctc clculcs su:
l |sc cù: uocclc lusicu:s ccg:cs, cou:c::t lc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct
lcjjc/ ac a/jjc|cr.c
ac r/vcat o./al cr/|c
c/abl/cncr/ c/
|crjo|.c a| lc
avar/aqc .ollc.//j
/r/c|cr/ atx c.olc
n/ctx lo//c
/ar la lta|/ ac ay /l c/
nar/jc/cncr/ avar/aqctx ac
j|ctcr/c| trc c.olc aor/ lc
clcvc or/ /t atr n/l/ct
jan/l/al lt a/c.
!1o
cultu:cl, lc scxc, lò:igi:c ct|:iquc ct l st:uctu:c iuililc ccs clcvcs ct lc sttut
cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl uo,c: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts lcs |::cs cc l iigu:c +
:c:csc:tc:t lcs ciiic:c:ccs cc sco:c su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc
l`cc:it ssociccs u:c ciiic:c:cc cù: ccuicc:t t,c lì:cicc sociocco:ouiquc
i:civicucl ccs clcvcs ct lì:cicc sociocco:ouiquc uo,c: cc l`ct|lisscuc:t ;voi:
lc t|lcu + ou: lcs co::ccs,
D:s tous lcs ,s ou :csquc, il cst u:iicstcuc:t v:tgcux cc i:cquc:tc:
u: ct|lisscuc:t c`c:scig:cuc:t co:t lcs clcvcs so:t lutt issus cc uilicux
:ivilcgics cttc tc:c:cc s`liquc tous lcs clcvcs l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s
cc l`Dl, l`cc:oisscuc:t cù: ccuicc:t t,c cu sttut sociocco:ouiquc
ccs ciicctiis ccs ct|lisscuc:ts co::c licu u:c uguc:ttio: cu sco:c cc
!! oi:ts, soit :cs cc l uoitic cù: :ivcu cc couctc:cc su: l`cc|cllc
!1
lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc ccs ciicctiis
cc l`ct|lisscuc:t co:c u:c i:iluc:cc co:sicc:|lc su: l c:io:u:cc ccs
0
10
!0
!0
+0
.0
o0
0
0
.
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l`ciict cu sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl uo,c: ccs ciicctiis ccs ct|lissc
uc:ts ccssc cc loi: cclui cu uilicu sociocco:ouiquc c:so::cl l: l`|sc:cc
cc co::ccs llA su: lc :c:ccuc:t :tc:icu: ccs clcvcs, il :`cst s ossi|lc cc
cctc:ui:c: si lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cst ssocic ci:cctc
uc:t ou i:ci:cctcuc:t l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs, : lc |iis : cxculc ccs
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cc ccttc co::cltio: lo:s cc lì:tc::cttio: ccs :csultts, il co:vic:t cglcuc:t
cc g:cc: l`cs:it lc iit quc lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:s lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc
uo,c: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts so:t : :tu:c :cttcuc:t lus ii|lcs quc lcs cc:ts
cc sttut sociocco:ouiquc c:t:c clcvcs, ct:t co::c quc lcs ciicctiis cc c|quc
ct|lisscuc:t :c:csc:tc:t u:c lgc cc v:i|lcs sociocco:ouiqucs l lgc
t,iquc cc sttut sociocco:ouiquc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ctc |outcc c:s l
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ccs iuillcs co:t lc uilicu sociocco:ouiquc co::cso:c l uo,c::c cc lì:cicc
cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl lc :cuic: i:cquc:tc u: ct|lisscuc:t
situc c:s u: qu:tic: :cltivcuc:t isc ct co:t lcs ciicctiis :csc:tc:t u: sttut
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lc scco:c i:cquc:tc u: ct|lisscuc:t situc c:s u: qu:tic: lus ccivo:isc lc
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uo,c::c cù: qu:t c`cc:t t,c ll cst co:c issu cù:c iuillc lus iscc quc
ccllc cc scs co:ciscilcs l iigu:c + uo:t:c quc lc :cuic: clcvc cst :cttcuc:t
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.- oi:ts su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it c: Allcug:c ct
c: Aut:ic|c quc lc scco:c clcvc l: :cv:c|c, ccux clcvcs qui so:t issus cc
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ou: lùt:c i:ic:icu: cù: qu:t c`cc:t t,c l uo,c::c ;i:cicc c:so::cl,,
qui i:cquc:tc:t lc uùc ct|lisscuc:t ct co:t lc :oiil socil cst co:io:uc l
uo,c::c, sc:ic:t sc:cs : u: cc:t cc c:io:u:cc :cttcuc:t lus :ccuit
oi:ts c: Allcug:c ct + c: Aut:ic|c
l: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, l`ciict ssocic u:c uguc:ttio: cù: ccui
cc:t t,c ;u :ivcu cc l`clcvc, cu sttut sociocco:ouiquc cù: ct|lisscuc:t
cst c: uo,c::c lus iuo:t:t ou: lcs g:o:s quc ou: lcs iillcs ;! oi:ts
cc ciiic:c:cc,
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sccts cc l qulitc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ssocics ux ictcu:s c:uuc:cs ciccssus
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ciiic:c:ccs s,stcutiqucs c:s lcs :og:uucs c`c:scig:cuc:t, c:s l ucsu:c ou
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ciiic:c:cics c: tc:ucs cc :og:uucs lc so:t ussi c: tc:ucs cc
sttut cco:ouiquc ll cut ussi `t:c gc:c:c : ccs ictcu:s lics ux ut:cs clcvcs
\is :ic: :ì:ciquc quc cùt:cs ictcu:s :`c:t:c:t s c: lig:c cc coutc Ai:si,
il cst ossi|lc quc lcs :c:ts cc l`clcvc i:sc:it c:s l`ct|lisscuc:t uicux ::ti
cc l`cxculc ccvcloc ciccssus sì:vcstissc:t lus c:s so: :c:tissgc l
uiso:, uùc si lcu: sttut sociocco:ouiquc cst cou:|lc cclui ccs :c:ts
cc l`clcvc i:cquc:t:t l`ct|lisscuc:t lus ccivo:isc l: out:c, ct c`cst cut`t:c
lus iuo:t:t, il , licu cc :clc: quc l`|,ot|csc cxoscc ciccssus :tit cu
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:, c:s cc :ou|:cux s,stcucs c`c:scig:cuc:t, lc :cou:s scoli:c ccs clcvcs
ciiic:c c: tc:ucs cc t,c c`ct|lisscuc:t ou cc :og:uucs c`c:scig:cuc:t
c: io:ctio: cc lusicu:s ictcu:s, co:t lcu: titucc D:s lcs ccux ,s ctucics
lus |ut, svoi: lÀllcug:c ct lÀut:ic|c, lcs ciiic:c:ccs cc c:io:u:cc c:t:c
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lcs :og:uucs c`c:scig:cuc:t gc:c:l ct :oicssio::cl lò:ic:ttio: ccs
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luiuùc i:iluc:cc : lcu: uilicu sociocco:ouiquc l: co:scquc:cc, ccs co:stts,
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co:clu:c quc lc t::sic:t cù: g:ouc c`clcvcs cù: ct|lisscuc:t cc sttut socio
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gc:c:c:it io:ccuc:t u:c uguc:ttio: cc sco:c cou:|lc ccllc cstiucc
c:s l iigu:c + lcs ciicts co:tcxtucls cstiucs c:s ccttc iigu:c ccc:ivc:t
l :c:titio: cc l c:io:u:cc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts lls :c coivc:t s `t:c
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co:sicc:tio:s cxosccs civ:t cllc u: cc:ti: ccg:c cc cou:c|c:sio: cc
l :tu:c ccs ucc:isucs io:ucls ct i:io:ucls cc sclcctio: qui co:t:i|uc:t l
scg:cgtio: sociocco:ouiquc c:t:c lcs ct|lisscuc:ts ct cc::c: scs ciicts su:
l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs D:s cc:ti:s ,s, l scg:cgtio: sociocco:ouiquc
cst io:tcuc:t :c:cc : lc |iis cc l scg:cgtio: :csicc:ticllc c:s lcs g::ccs
villcs c: :iso: cc g::ccs cis:itcs cco:ouiqucs c:t:c lcs zo:cs u:|i:cs
ct :u:lcs D:s cùt:cs ,s, lcs s,stcucs ccuctiis so:t co:us cc tcllc
so:tc quìls o:ic:tc:t lcs clcvcs vc:s ccs iilic:cs qui sc c:ctc:isc:t : ccs
:og:uucs ct ccs :tiqucs c`c:scig:cuc:t cisti:cts l: co:scquc:cc, il
cst ossi|lc quc ccs clcvcs issus cc uilicux sociocco:ouiqucs ccivo:iscs
:c uissc:t co::c: lcu: lci:c ucsu:c, c: lò:ic:ttio: ccs clcvcs vc:s ccs
:og:uucs :ticulic:s sc co:io:c c:s ccs s,stcucs ccuctiis vcc lcu: uilicu
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l`c:scig:cuc:t Dù:c :t, l scg:cgtio: socilc ivo:isc lcs clcvcs :ivilcgics,
qui :c|ussc:o:t lcu: tou: l c:io:u:cc cc l`clitc ct, :o||lcuc:t, l
c:io:u:cc uo,c::c glo|lc Dùt:c :t, o: vu quc l scg:cgtio: ccs
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l iois l qulitc ct l`cglitc Ioutc l qucstio: cst cc svoi: qucllcs st:tcgics lcs
ut:cs ,s coivc:t cotc: ou: , ::ivc: I::sic:c: tous lcs clcvcs c:s ccs
ct|lisscuc:ts co:t lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc cst suc:icu: cst cviccuuc:t
iuossi|lc ll :cstc ccux solutio:s tc:tc: c`|oli: l scg:cgtio: sociocco:o
uiquc ou c: ttc:uc: lcs ciicts Qucllc quc soit lòtio: c|oisic, l`cssc:ticl cst
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tc:ucs cc qulitc tout c: :csc:v:t lcs v:tgcs quc l`|ctc:ogc:citc socilc
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Facteurs Iis aux tabIissements et susceptibIes dàccrotre Ie niveau
de performance et dàttnuer Iìmpact du miIieu
socio-conomique
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ou: ouvoi: ct|li: s:s lc uoi:c:c coutc ccs :cltio:s cc cusc ciict llA
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ccs ct|lisscuc:ts su: l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs
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ux ct|lisscuc:ts ct u uilicu iuilil lìuct su: l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs
cc t:ois g:oucs cc ictcu:s scciiiqucs ux ct|lisscuc:ts cst ctucic c:s lcs
t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio: ll s`git ccs :cssou:ccs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts, cc lcu:s
olitiqucs ct :tiqucs ct, c:ii:, ccs uct|occs c: clssc lcs cstiutio:s sc
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u:cc ccs clcvcs lo:squc lcs ,s cc l`Dl so:t :l,scs co:|oi:tcuc:t
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. !0 !. !. +0 0 .0 10 1. !0 +.
l:qurc J.5
liict uo,c: cu :o:t clcvcsc:scig::t su: l c:io:u:cc :cliscc : lcs clcvcs
su: l'cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l'cc:it, ou: tous lcs ,s cc l`Dl
ko:t clcvcsc:scig::t
Niveau 5
Niveau 4
Niveau 3
Niveau 2
Niveau 1
Au-dessous
du niveau 1
lc |ao|/ clcvc
crc/qrar/ c/ cqalcncr/
tr ja./ct| /no|/ar/.
!!1
lc uo:t:c l iigu:c, lcs ciicts lics u :o:t clcvcsc:scig::t :c so:t s li:ci:cs
l: cùt:cs tc:ucs, lìuct cu :o:t clcvcsc:scig::t cst ciiic:c:t sclo: quc cc
:ou|:c cst ii|lc ou clcvc
lcs ct|lisscuc:ts ou lò: coutc u: c:scig::t ou: 10 clcvcs o|tic::c:t ccs
sco:cs i:ic:icu:s cc . 10 oi:ts : :o:t l uo,c::c cc l`Dl c
|c:ouc:c cut `t:c iuutc u iit quìl s`git c`ct|lisscuc:ts ccsti:cs ccs
clcvcs :csc:t:t ccs |csoi:s scciux ou c`ct|lisscuc:ts :u:ux :cltivcuc:t
cu iuo:t:ts
lcs ciiic:c:ccs o|sc:vccs lo:squc lc :o:t clcvcsc:scig::t cst cou:is c:t:c
10 ct !. cc:otc:t u: iuct :cltivcuc:t :cst:ci:t cc ccttc v:i|lc Ioutciois,
lo:squc lc :o:t clcvcsc:scig::t ccssc l |::c ccs !., l c:io:u:cc
c:s lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio: cu llA ciui:uc cc u:ic:c co:st:tc,
tous ,s cc l`Dl co:io:cus ll , licu cc soulig:c: quc ccs :csultts, ct
lcs ut:cs qui iigu:c:t c:s lc t|lcu ., o:tc:t su: l`ciict c,. c:s c|quc
,s l: co:scquc:cc, ct |ic: quc l :cltio: c:t:c l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ct
lc :o:t clcvcsc:scig::t v:ic sclo: lcs ,s, lcs :csultts cc l iigu:c .
:c so:t lc scul co:olli:c cc quclqucs ct|lisscuc:ts t:cs cu c:io:u:ts c:s
cc ::cs ,s
!o
ll co:vic:t cglcuc:t cc :clc: l cisti:ctio: c:t:c l :otio: cc :o:t clcvcs

c:scig::t ct l :otio: cc tillc cc l clssc ouuc :ous l`vo:s i:ciquc ciccssus, lc
:o:t clcvcsc:scig::t cst |sc su: lc :ou|:c c`clcvcs i:sc:its c:s u: ct|lisscuc:t
ct lc :ou|:c c`c:scig::ts cquivlc:ts tcus lci: c:s cct ct|lisscuc:t D:s cc
:ou|:cux ,s, lc c:so::cl c:scig::t cou:c:c lc c|ci c`ct|lisscuc:t ct cùt:cs
t,cs cc c:so::cl, lcs |i|liot|cci:cs ou lcs :oicsscu:s c`c:scig:cuc:t sccil
lc :o:t clcvcsc:scig::t cst c:ti:c:t c: soi c:s l ucsu:c ou il qu:tiiic lcs
:cssou:ccs |uui:cs sollicitccs ci:cctcuc:t ou i:ci:cctcuc:t ou: cisc:sc: c|quc
clcvc u: c:scig:cuc:t cttc v:i|lc cst ct:oitcuc:t licc u |ucgct glo|l co:sc:c
l`ccuctio: cc c|quc clcvc l tillc cc l clssc co::cso:c u :ou|:c c`clcvcs qui
so:t ciicctivcuc:t i:sc:its c:s u:c clssc lcs c:qu`tcs :tio:lcs ct i:tc::tio:lcs
cuvc:t ciiiicilcuc:t ucsu:c: ccttc v:i|lc c:s l`c:scig:cuc:t scco:ci:c :cc quc
lcs clcvcs i:cquc:tc:t ccs clsscs ciiic:c:tcs sclo: lcs utic:cs ct quc l tillc cc c|quc
clssc v:ic c: io:ctio: cu :ou|:c c`clcvcs :csc:ts u:c ctc :ticulic:c
D:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, l :cltio: c:t:c l c:io:u:cc c: lcctu:c ct l
tillc cc l`ct|lisscuc:t :`cst s li:ci:c, lì:st: cìllcu:s cc l :cltio:
:ccccc:tc D: cc:oisscuc:t cc 100 clcvcs co::cso:c u:c uguc:ttio:
cu sco:c cc lò:c:c cc ! + oi:ts c:s lcs ct|lisscuc:ts cout:t |usqu`
1 000clcvcs Auccl cc 1 000 clcvcs, l :cltio: cst t:cs ii|lc
l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c:s lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio: cu llA cst
suc:icu:c c:s lcs ct|lisscuc:ts qui coutc:t u:c lus g::cc :oo:tio:
c`c:scig::ts scciliscs c:s lcs utic:cs quìls c:scig:c:t ;cstiutio: |scc
su: lcs :co:scs ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t l qucstio: o:t:t su: lc :ou|:c
c`c:scig::ts tituli:cs cù: ciluc c`c:scig:cuc:t tc:tii:c sso:ti cù:c
.na/ .c rc/ tc
lo|tc .c |ao|/ c/
tc|/ct| a 25 tc la
c|jo|nar.c |c.tlc
y/cna//tcncr/ ot|
./atc clcvc
tlcncr/a/|c a|
crc/qrar/
lc clcvc or/ lt
c|jo|nar/ aar ac
c/abl/cncr/ lt
q|ara .on/ar/
tta I JJJ clcvc.
.c/ oi aavar/aqc
acrc/qrar/ or/ |c,t
trc nc/llct|c jo|na//or
/r///alc lt c./al/cc
!!!
sccilistio: c:s u: ccs coui:cs c`cvlutio: cu llA, Ai:si, c: lcctu:c,
u:c :og:cssio: cc 10 oi:ts cc ou:cc:tgc cc l :oo:tio: c`c:scig::ts
tituli:cs cù: ciluc c`c:scig:cuc:t tc:tii:c vcc u:c sccilistio: c:s
u:c utic:c iic:c:tc co::cso:c u:c uguc:ttio: cc lò:c:c cc ! oi:ts
su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it
!
l: :cv:c|c, lc tux cc
:ticitio: couuu:iquc : lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t ccs c:scig::ts
ccs :og:uucs oiiicicls ccsti:cs uclio:c: lcu:s couctc:ccs cicctiqucs ou
lcu:s :tiqucs ccgogiqucs u cou:s ccs t:ois cc::ic:s uois :` s cìuct
sig:iiictii su: l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ll co:vic:t toutciois cc :cco::it:c
quc lc tux cc :ticitio: ccs :og:uucs cc io:utio: :oicssio::cllc
c:c:t u:c c:iocc cc t:ois uois cst u: i:cictcu: uoi:s i:st:uctii l`cg:c cc
l io:utio: co:ti:uc ccs c:scig::ts quc :c l`cst lc ciluc c`c:scig:cuc:t
tc:tii:c, qui co:stituc u:c :c:tio: ciiiccc
l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, t:ois sccts ccs olitiqucs ct :tiqucs
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts o:t u: iuct sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictii su: l c:io:
u:cc ccs clcvcs c:s lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio: ll s`git .) ccs ictcu:s
t:ou|l:t lc cliut cc l`ct|lisscuc:t qui so:t iuut|lcs ux c:scig::ts ;voi:
lc t|lcu +, , ..) cu uo:l ct cc l`c:ggcuc:t ccs c:scig::ts ;voi: lc
t|lcu ., , ...) cc lùto:ouic cc l`ct|lisscuc:t ;voi: lc t|lcu 11,, tcls
quìls so:t c:us : lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t D:c :og:cssio: cù:c u:itc
;soit u: cc:t t,c i:tc::tio:l, cc ccs i:ciccs co::c licu u:c uguc:ttio:
cu sco:c su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cc :cscctivcuc:t
o, ! ct . oi:ts ll , licu cc soulig:c: quc ccs ciicts so:t :cltivcuc:t ii|lcs,
cou:cs lùguc:ttio: cc 1 oi:ts :ovoqucc : l :og:cssio: cù:c
u:itc cc lì:cicc cùtilistio: ccs :cssou:ccs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts l: illcu:s,
lùto:ouic ccs c:scig::ts ct lc :ccou:s ux cvlutio:s io:ucllcs, tous ccux
cc:ivcs ccs :co:scs ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t ;voi: l`::cxc A1,, :ò:t s
:cvclc c`ciicts sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictiis qu:c o: co:sicc:c lcs ,s cc
l`Dl c:s lcu: c:scu|lc
Dc uùc, il cxistc u:c :cltio: ositivc ct sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivc c:t:c
t:ois sccts cc l :tiquc c: clssc ct l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c:s lcs
t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio: cu llA ll s`git .) ccs :cltio:s clcvcsc:sci
g::ts , ..) cu cliut cc ciscili:c c: clssc ;voi: cglcuc:t lc t|lcu !, ,
...) cc lì:cicc c` c:cou:gcuc:t
!
, tcls quìls so:t c:us : lcs clcvcs
c so:t lcs :cltio:s clcvcsc:scig::ts ct lc cliut cc ciscili:c c: clssc
qui o:t lc lus g::c iuct u:c ciiic:c:cc cù:c u:itc ;soit u: cc:t t,c
i:tc::tio:l, cc ccs i:ciccs co::c licu u:c ciiic:c:cc cc sco:c cc lò:c:c
cc :cscctivcuc:t 1 ct 10 oi:ts su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio:
cc l`cc:it l`c:cou:gcuc:t, qui cst ucsu:c su: l |sc ccs :co:scs ccs
clcvcs ccs qucstio:s o:t:t su: l :io:itc cco:ccc u :c:ccuc:t : lcs
c:scig::ts ct su: lcu:s cxigc:ccs l`cg:c ccs clcvcs, :`cst quc uocc:cuc:t
ssocic l c:io:u:cc c: lcctu:c l: uo,c::c c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl,
so: ciict su: l c:io:u:cc c: cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:tiiiquc :`cst s
sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictii
lc ol///tc c/
|a//tc ac
c/abl/cncr/ cxc|.cr/
cllc at/ trc /rjltcr.c
na/ cllc or/ lt
a/jj/./lc a a/.c|rc|
/c borrc |a//tc cr
.lac ro/anncr/ lc
|cla//or o///vc cr/|c
clcvc c/ crc/qrar/
a/r/ ttr bor .l/na/
ac a/./l/rc or/ tr
/na./ ro/ablc
!!!
D:s l`c:scu|lc, tous coui:cs c`cvlutio: co:io:cus, lì:iluc:cc cuuulcc
cc cc |cu cc v:i|lcs :cltivcs l`ct|lisscuc:t cxliquc c:vi:o: !1 ou: cc:t
cc l v:itio: c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts lì:tc:icu: ccs ,s ct !1 ou: cc:t cc l
v:itio: c:t:c ,s ;t|lcu ., lic: quìl s`gissc l cc :csultts :cci|lcs
ou: u:c ctucc i:tc::tio:lc uc:cc si g::cc cc|cllc, ccl sig:iiic quù:c
:t iuo:t:tc cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc ccucu:c i:cxliqucc : lcs
ictcu:s co:tcxtucls :o:cs ux ct|lisscuc:ts ct quc lc llA ctucics
l`:l,sc :ccccc:tc suggc:c quc l v:itio: cc c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs cst c:
:tic iuut|lc lcu: uilicu iuilil ct u sttut sociocco:ouiquc uo,c: ccs
ct|lisscuc:ts quìls i:cquc:tc:t l: uo,c::c, c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, lc
uilicu iuilil c:so::cl ccs clcvcs ct lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc uo,c: ccs
ct|lisscuc:ts cxliquc:t c:t:c 11 ct 1! ou: cc:t cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:
u:cc ccs clcvcs u sci: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c:s lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlu
tio: l: :cv:c|c, ccs ccux v:i|lcs so:t :cso:s|lcs cc oo, o! ct o! ou:
cc:t cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts :cscctivcuc:t c:
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, c: cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct c: cultu:c scic:tiiiquc
;voi: l ccuxicuc sc:ic cc colo::cs cu t|lcu ., l:ii:, u: tic:s c:vi:o: cc l
v:itio: c:t:c ,s ccs c:io:u:ccs c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ct c: cultu:c
ut|cutiquc cst iuut|lc ccs ccux v:i|lcs
l`c:cc:c ! cou:c lìuo:t:cc cc l`ciict cc lusicu:s ccs ictcu:s clcs
cvoqucs ciccssus su: lcs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs c:s lcs coui:cs c`cvlu
tio: cu llA
lc ja./ct| t/
|c.cacr/ .or/|/btcr/ a
cxl/tc| lc a/jjc|cr.c
cr/|c c/abl/cncr/.
.na/ lc n/l/ct o./o-
c.oron/tc cr cxl/tc
trc a|/ lt /no|/ar/c
cr.o|c
l:cc:c ! comparaison de ièet de divers acteurs
ll :`cst guc:c isc cc cou:c: lìuct ccs civc:s ictcu:s qui co:t:i|uc:t lùclio:tio: ccs
c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs, c: ccs ictcu:s so:t ucsu:cs sclo: ccs uct|occs ciiic:c:tcs :c:uoi:s, lc
uocclc liquc ici cou:c cc:ti:cs cc ccs v:i|lcs c:t:c cllcs c:s u:c c:scctivc cgliti:c
ct c:cc:c o:tc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, uis lcs :csultts co:cc:::t
l cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:tiiiquc so:t t:cs siuili:cs
ll cst ossi|lc cc cou:c: l`ciict cc t:ois v:i|lcs iuo:t:tcs qui cuvc:t `t:c ucsu:ccs cc
u:ic:c co|c:c:tc c:s lcs ,s lc :ou|:c c`clcvcs : ucu|:c cu co:s c:scig::t, lc :ou|:c
c`clcvcs : ct|lisscuc:t ct lc ou:cc:tgc c`c:scig::ts tituli:cs cù: ciluc cc :ivcu
u:ivc:siti:c sso:ti cù:c sccilistio: c:s l utic:c quìls c:scig:c:t lcs :l,scs c:ucttc:t
c`cstiuc: quc si lc sco:c uo,c: ccs clcvcs c:s u: ct|lisscuc:t co::c cst suc:icu: cc 10 oi:ts
cclui cù: ut:c, ccl co::cso:c c: uo,c::c
++ .!.. 1. c. o. ...o,
2. .!.. 1. !o 1o !.o/!...,
o. oo.o.c 1. 2. co. .. 1. !o .cc..c 1...o tituli:cs cù: ciluc cc :ivcu
u:ivc:siti:ctc:tii:c sso:ti cù:c sccilistio: c:s l utic:c quìls c:scig:c:t
!!+
cttc cstiutio: c:uct cc cou:c: qucllc cst lùlcu: cc l v:itio: cù: ictcu: ssocicc
u:c ciiic:c:cc cc c:io:u:cc co::cc
lc llA cglcuc:t ctucic u:c sc:ic cc ictcu:s qui so:t lus ciiiicilcs ucsu:c:, :ticulic:cuc:t
u :ivcu i:tc::tio:l lou: cc ii:c, ccs i:ciccs scciiiqucs o:t ctc cl|o:cs :ti: cc l
:c:titio: cc c|quc c:ctc:istiquc c:s lcs ct|lisscuc:ts ccs ,s cc l`Dl lutt quc ccs
c:ctc:istiqucs i:t:i:scqucs cc lò||ct ccs ucsu:cs l vlcu: uo,c::c cc cct i:cicc cst cglc
zc:o ct l`cc:t t,c, 1 lou: cct i:cicc, u:c o.. 1. 1...... ;u: cc:t t,c, cst ssocicc, c:
uo,c::c c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, u:c :og:cssio: cu sco:c ccs clcvcs cc
: c. lo:squc lcs clcvcs utilisc:t lus souvc:t lcs :cssou:ccs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ,
o c. lo:squc lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cccl:c:t quc lc cliut cc lcu: ct|lisscuc:t cst lutt
|o: ct:t co::c lcs ictcu:s lics ux c:scig::ts ,
c. lo:squc lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cccl:c:t quc l`ct|lisscuc:t |ouit cù:c lus g::cc
uto:ouic ,
: c. lo:squc lcs clcvcs cccl:c:t quc lcs :cltio:s clcvcsc:scig::ts so:t ucillcu:cs ,
: c. lo:squc lcs clcvcs cccl:c:t quc lc cliut cc ciscili:c cst ucillcu: ,
o. c. lo:squc lì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl uo,c: ccs clcvcs cst lus clcvc
lou: lcs co::ccs, voi: t|lcux . ct .
l u|cu:c :tic cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts cst
cxliqucc : lcs ictcu:s co:tcxtucls :cltiis u uilicu ct ux ct|lisscuc:ts
l: out:c, il cxistc |ic:su: u:c i:tc:ctio: c:t:c lcs ictcu:s lics ux ct|lissc
uc:ts ct ccux lics u uilicu sociocco:ouiquc lcs ciiic:c:ccs cc c:io:u:cc
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts so:t lc i:uit cc l cou|i:iso: ccs ciiic:c:ccs, cù:c :t,
c:t:c lcs ct|lisscuc:ts ct lcu:s :occssus ccuctiis ct, cùt:c :t, c:t:c lc
uilicu iuilil cc lcu:s ciicctiis : cstiuc quc 0 ou: cc:t c:vi:o: cc l
v:itio: o|sc:vcc c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts lì:tc:icu: ccs ,s cst iuut|lc l
cou|i:iso: ccs ictcu:s lics ux ct|lisscuc:ts ct u uilicu iuilil ccs clcvcs
;voi: l t:oisicuc sc:ic cc colo::cs cu t|lcu ., c co:stt vut ou:
lcs t:ois coui:cs c`cvlutio: cu llA cs ictcu:s cxliquc:t cglcuc:t
u:c :tic cc l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c:t:c ,s Au :ivcu
ccs ,s, l :t cc l v:itio: cc c:io:u:cc c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it,
c: cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct c: cultu:c scic:tiiiquc qui cst iuut|lc l`ciict
co:|uguc cc ccs ictcu:s cst :cscctivcuc:t cc +!, !! ct 1o ou: cc:t
!-
: co:sttc: quc l`ciict co:|uguc ccs ictcu:s lics ux ct|lisscuc:ts ct cc ccux qui
co:cc::c:t lc uilicu socil su: l v:itio: cc l c:io:u:cc :`cst s siulcuc:t
l souuc ccs i:iluc:ccs cc ccs ccux t,cs cc ictcu:s c |c:ouc:c s`cxliquc
: lc iit quc |o: :ou|:c ccs c:ctc:istiqucs cù: ct|lisscuc:t so:t ct:oitcuc:t
co::clccs ccllcs cu uilicu iuilil ccs clcvcs qui lc i:cquc:tc:t l: cùt:cs
tc:ucs, u:c :tic cc lìuct cu uilicu iuilil su: l c:io:u:cc scoli:c cst
.c1..c.. : lcs c:ctc:istiqucs cc l`ct|lisscuc:t o:sicc:o:s : cxculc
rc a|/ ac lavar/aqc tc
ct/ .orjc|c| lc n/l/ct o./o-
c.oron/tc |ov/cr/ ac la
j|ctcr/a//or a| lc clcvc lt
a/c ac/abl/cncr/ |ccr/ar/
aavar/aqc ac .a|a./c|///tc
ao./cc a la |ct//c .
!!.
l`cc:t t|co:iquc c:t:c lcs c:io:u:ccs c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cc ccux
ct|lisscuc:ts i:cquc:tcs : ccs clcvcs issus cc uilicux ciiic:c:ts suoso:s quù:
cc:t cù:c u:itc cc lì:cicc cu sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl lcs sc:c c:
uo,c::c : s`ttc:c, glo|lcuc:t ct c: uo,c::c c:s l zo:c cc l`Dl, cc quc
lcs clcvcs cc l`ct|lisscuc:t lc lus ivo:isc :clisc:t u:c c:io:u:cc suc:icu:c cc
o oi:ts ou lus D:c :tic cc cct cc:t cst l co:scquc:cc cc cc quc, c: uo,c::c,
lcs clcvcs issus cc uilicux lus ivo:iscs i:cquc:tc:t ccs ct|lisscuc:ts :csc:t:t
cv:tgc cc c:ctc:istiqucs ssociccs l :cussitc il s`git cc l :t co:citio::cc
cc cct ciict cllcci cxliquc 10 ccs o oi:ts c`cc:t l :tic :csicucllc cc l`ciict
cu uilicu iuilil ccllc qui :`cst s co::clcc ux v:i|lcs :cltivcs l`ct|lissc
uc:t cxliquc . oi:ts cttc ciiic:c:cc cc 10 oi:ts cut `t:c c:visgcc couuc
u: i:cicc cc l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc lcs s,stcucs ccuctiis tc:cc:t, c: uo,c::c,
:c:io:cc: l`v:tgc co:t |c:ciicic:t u cc:t lcs clcvcs issus cc uilicux ivo:iscs
l:vc:scuc:t, o: cut :c:c:c c: coutc l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc l co::cltio: c:t:c
lcs ictcu:s :o:cs c|quc ct|lisscuc:t ;cv:tgc cc :cssou:ccs, : cxculc,
ct lùguc:ttio: cu :ivcu cc c:io:u:cc cst v:iscu|l|lcuc:t cuc u uilicu
:ivilcgic co:t so:t issus lcs clcvcs qui i:cquc:tc:t lcs ucillcu:s ct|lisscuc:ts D:s
l lu:t ccs cs, lìuct isolc ccs ictcu:s :o:cs ux ct|lisscuc:ts sc :ccuit
lo:squc lc uilicu iuilil cst :is c: co:sicc:tio:, c: cc :ou|:cuscs c:ctc:istiqucs
liccs l qulitc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts so:t ssociccs lcu: sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct
cultu:cl Ai:si, c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl, l uoitic cc l`ciict gc:c:c : ccs ciiic:c:ccs
c:s lcs :cssou:ccs cc l`ct|lisscuc:t ct ccux tic:s cc l`ciict :ocuit : lc :o:t
clcvcsc:scig::t ct l tillc cc l`ct|lisscuc:t so:t c: uo,c::c ssocics u uilicu
iuilil l :cltio: cst lus ct:oitc c:co:c ou: lcs v:i|lcs liccs ux olitiqucs ct
:tiqucs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts A lùt:c cxt:ùc, lìuct ccs :cltio:s clcvcsc:sci
g::ts ct cu cliut cc ciscili:c cst c: g::cc :tic i:ccc:c:t cu uilicu iuilil
ll , licu cc soulig:c: quc ccs :csultts :ìuliquc:t s quc lcs ictcu:s
scoli:cs so:t uoi:s iuo:t:ts, c: il cst iuossi|lc cc lcs cissocic: totlcuc:t
ccs ictcu:s lics u uilicu iuilil o:sicc:o:s u:c |,ot|csc cxt:ùc c:s
lqucllc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts :csc:t:t ccs c:ctc:istiqucs sou|it|lcs sc:ic:t
cxclusivcuc:t i:cquc:tcs : ccs clcvcs issus cc uilicux ivo:iscs ct iiic|c
:ic:t ccs c:io:u:ccs suc:icu:cs l uo,c::c lc :c:ccuc:t suc:icu: cc
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts s`cxliquc c: :tic : lìuct ci:cct cu uilicu iuilil
ccs clcvcs ct c: :tic : lìuct cc l qulitc suc:icu:c cc l`ct|lisscuc:t
llus ccs ccux t,cs c`v:tgcs sc c|cvuc|c:t, lus il cst ciiiicilc cc ucsu:c:
l co:t:i|utio: cc c|cu: lùclio:tio: cc l c:io:u:cc
Dcux co:clusio:s cuvc:t `t:c ti:ccs cc l`:l,sc cxoscc ciccssus
c: :cuic: licu, il cxistc ccs i:tc:ctio:s c:t:c ccs ictcu:s scoli:cs iuo:t:ts
iicct:t l c:io:u:cc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ct ccs ,s, ct lc sttut socio
cco:ouiquc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts, cc:ivc cc lì:cicc uo,c: cc sttut cco:ouiquc,
socil ct cultu:cl cc l oultio: llA i:cquc:t:t ccs ct|lisscuc:ts l:
cùt:cs tc:ucs, u:c :tic cc l`..o!.. 1. ..o!o o|sc:vcc c:s l`:l,sc ccs
g:cic:ts sociocco:ouiqucs cst licc l`..o!.. 1. .|o.. ,
.c/ /rvc|cncr/ lc
c/abl/cncr/
|ccr/ar/ .c
.a|a./c|///tc |cal/cr/
ac nc/llct|c
c|jo|nar.c cr a|//c
a|.c tc lct| cjjc.//j
or/ lt a/c
lc ja// ac/|c o./alcncr/
acjavo|/c ct/ c/|c
|crjo|.c a| trc
/rcqal//c ac ./ar.c.
!!o
c: scco:c licu, ucu: ictcu:, :ui ccux ctucics : lc llA, :c cut
lui scul cxliquc: ou:quoi cc:ti:s ct|lisscuc:ts ou ,s o|tic::c:t cc
ucillcu:s :csultts quc lcs ut:cs l: iit, lcs |o::cs c:io:u:ccs so:t
iuut|lcs u:c u,:icc cc ictcu:s, co:t lcs :tiqucs c: clssc ct lcs
:cssou:ccs, lcs olitiqucs ct lcs :tiqucs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts
D:s l`:l,sc qui :ccccc, :ous vo:s ctucic lìuct cc cc:ti:s ictcu:s su:
l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c:s lcu: c:scu|lc, c`cstci:c tous ,s co:io:cus
l scctio: suiv:tc s`ttc|c ccc:i:c l :c:titio: cc ccs ictcu:s c:t:c lcs
,s \i:tc::t quc :ous co::isso:s lcs ictcu:s cssc:ticls c:s l`c:scu|lc
cc l`Dl, il cst |ucicicux cc svoi: lcsqucls :ccoui:c:t c:s qucls s,stcucs
ccuctiis lou: cc ii:c, il iut :o: sculcuc:t cctc:ui:c: si lcs ct|lisscuc:ts cù:
,s co::c ossccc:t cc:ti:cs c:ctc:istiqucs ositivcs ct, c:s lìii:utivc,
cvluc: lcu: iuo:t:cc, uis ussi cstiuc: lcu: co:cc:t:tio: c:s lcs ct|lis
scuc:ts co:t lcs ciicctiis so:t issus cc uilicux lus :ivilcgics lc t|lcu o
:csc:tc ccs cstiutio:s cc ccs ccux sccts lou: c|quc ,s, il i:ciquc l vlcu:,
cou:isc c:t:c 0 ct 10, cc c|cu:c ccs 10 v:i|lcs :o:cs ux ct|lisscuc:ts
ct cvluc l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc c|quc v:i|lc cst ssocicc u :oiil socio
cco:ouiquc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ;voi: c:cc:c !,
o:sicc:o:s tit:c c`cxculc l situtio: ccs lttsD:is l vlcu: cc lìuct
cu :o:t clcvcsc:scig::t su: l c:io:u:cc c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it
cst cglc 10, cc qui i:ciquc quc lc :o:t clcvcsc:scig::t cst c: uo,c::c
i:ic:icu: !. c:s lcs ct|lisscuc:ts cc cc ,s l vlcu: co::cso:c:t l
tillc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cst cc !o, cc qui sig:iiic quc cc ,s coutc cc t:cs
ctits ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t A l luuic:c ccs :csultts clculcs tous
,s co:io:cus, ccs ct|lisscuc:ts so:t susccti|lcs cìiic|c: u: :c:ccuc:t
i:ic:icu: cclui cùt:cs ct|lisscuc:ts cc tillc uocc:cc l vlcu: cc lì:cicc
o:t:t su: l io:utio: ccs c:scig::ts cst cc . l: uo,c::c, lcs ct|lissc
uc:ts ux lttsD:is culoic:t u:c :oo:tio: c`c:scig::ts quliiics ou: l
utic:c c:scig:cc suc:icu:c l uo,c::c ccs ,s cc l`Dl lcs vlcu:s ccs
sct ut:cs i:cictcu:s so:t toutcs suc:icu:cs l uo,c::c cc l`Dl ;qui cst
cc .0,, l`cxcctio: cu uo:l ccs c:scig::ts
ll , licu cc soulig:c: quc l`:l,sc qui :ccccc :`ctucic s lcs ciicts cc
ccs v:i|lcs su: l c:io:u:cc sc:cuc:t c:s c|quc ,s cc:c:t,
lc t|lcu . :csc:tc lcs :csultts c`:cs u: uocclc :loguc liquc
isolcuc:t ux co::ccs cc c|quc ,s, i:si quù:c s,:t|csc sttistiquc
;uctciict, ccs :csultts ou: l`c:scu|lc cc l`Dl cttc s,:t|csc ccs :csul
tts : ,s co::c licu ccs co:stttio:s lutt siuili:cs ccllcs :o:tccs
u t|lcu .
!1
lllc uct cglcuc:t c: luuic:c quc lcs ciicts cc |o: :ou|:c cc
v:i|lcs v:ic:t co:sicc:|lcuc:t cù: ,s lùt:c ct quc, c:s cc :ou|:cux
cs, ils s`cc:tc:t ccs tc:c:ccs gc:c:lcs
!!
cxosccs ciccssus Ai:si, c: G:ccc,
c: ltlic ct ux l,sls, lcs vlcu:s cc lì:cicc cu cliut cc ciscili:c so:t
:cltivcuc:t ii|lcs, uis il :it quc l`ciict cu cliut cc ciscili:c su: l
c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs cst co:sicc:|lc c: ltlic, lo:s quìl cst i:sig:iii:t
c: G:ccc ct ux l,sls ll cst ossi|lc quc cùt:cs ictcu:s i:tc:vic::c:t
.t/ c nar/jc/c ac
ja,or /c/c|oqcrc
/ar lc ay
lo..t||cr.c ac .c|/a/r
ja./ct| ac |ct//c ct/
c/|c tar//j/cc t| trc
c./cllc ac IJ o/r/.
.t| latcllc IJ
/ra/tc lc .ora///or
lc lt javo|ablc c/ J
lc .ora///or lc no/r
javo|ablc.
.na/ /l y a l/ct ac
ro/c| tc .c noycrrc
ctvcr/ o..tl/c| ac
jo|/c a/a|//c cr/|c
ay tar/ at o/a ac
a/jjc|cr/ ja./ct|
!!
c:s ccs ,s, cc tcllc so:tc quc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c:s lcsqucls lc cliut cc
ciscili:c cst uccioc:c uissc:t ulg:c tout :clisc: cc |cllcs c:io:u:ccs, cc
c: quoi ils s`cc:tc:t cc l tc:c:cc gc:c:lc
ut:c lcs vlcu:s ccs civc:s i:ciccs, lc t|lcu o c|iii:c l co::cltio: c:t:c
c|quc v:i|lc ct lì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl uo,c: u
:ivcu ccs ct|lisscuc:ts D:c co::cltio: ositivc i:ciquc quc lcs ct|lissc
uc:ts i:cquc:tcs : ccs clcvcs issus cc uilicux sociux :ivilcgics tc:cc:t
:cussi: uicux quc ccux i:cquc:tcs : ccs clcvcs issus cc uilicux sociux uoi:s
ivo:iscs ;voi: l`c:cc:c ! ou: cv:tgc cc cctils cct cg:c,
l:cc:c ! comment iire ie tabieau 8.o
lc t|lcu i:ciquc ou: c|quc v:i|lc scoli:c u:c vaieur dìndice cou:isc c:t:c 0 ct 10 lcs
:csultts lcs lus clcvcs so:t ositiis, c: cùt:cs tc:ucs, ils co::cso:cc:t u :ivcu i:tc::tio:l
ssocic u:c ucillcu:c c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs c:s lcs coui:cs c`cvlutio: cu llA lcs vlcu:s
suiv:tcs o:t ctc iixccs
lcs vlcu:s cì:cicc cc c|quc ,s co::cso:cc:t ux uo,c::cs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cu ,s lcs
vlcu:s cc co::cltio: cc c|quc ,s c:s lc t|lcu o i:ciquc:t l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc lcs
v:itio:s cc c|quc ictcu: so:t ssociccs cc u:ic:c ositivc ux ciiic:c:ccs o|sc:vccs c:s lcs
ciicctiis c`clcvcs : cxculc, l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc u: :ou|:c c`clcvcs : c:so::cl c:scig::t
lus ivo:|lc cst o|sc:vc c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts co:t lcs clcvcs so:t issus cc uilicux sociux
:ivilcgics D:c co::cltio: :cgtivc i:ciquc quc l :cltio: cst i:vc:sc D:c co::cltio: cc zc:o
i:ciquc quc ccs clcvcs issus cc uilicux sociux ciiic:c:ts o:t lcs uùcs c|:ccs cc i:cquc:tc: ccs
ct|lisscuc:ts co:t lcs co:citio:s so:t ivo:|lcs lùlcu: cc lìuct cut `t:c cou:cc l
uo,c::c cc l`Dl ou: cstiuc: so: iuo:t:cc :cltivc
Variabie Vaieur Vaieur dìndice
ko:t clcvcsc:scig::t l:ic:icu: !. 10
!0
l:t:c !. ct !. -
l:t:c !. ct !0

uc:icu: +. 0
Iillc cc l`ct|lisscuc:t l:t:c 1 000 ct ! .00 clcvcs 10
l:t:c -00 ct --- clcvcs -
l:t:c 00 ct -- clcvcs

\oi:s cc 100 clcvcs 10
lou:cc:tgc c`c:scig::ts l:t:c -0 ct 100 10
tituli:cs cù: ciluc cc :ivcu l:t:c 0 ct -0 -
u:ivc:siti:ctc:tii:c sso:ti
cù:c sccilistio: c:s l:t:c 0 ct 10 0
l utic:c cvlucc
Aut:cs v:i|lcs kccc|clo::ccs cc so:tc quc l vlcu: uo,c::c cst cglc .,
;cc|cllcs |sccs su: lcs cc:ts l`cc:t t,c ! ct quc lcs vlcu:s 0 ct 10 o:t ctc
t,cs i:tc::tio:ux, tt:i|uccs ux cxt:cuitcs
!!
llusicu:s co:clusio:s cuvc:t `t:c ti:ccs cc cc t|lcu
c:s tous lcs ,s cc l`Dl co:io:cus, lc :o:t clcvcsc:scig::t cst i:ic:icu:
ou cgl !. c:s l u|o:itc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts lcs :csultts cu llA :ì:ciquc:t
s cùclio:tio: su|st:ticllc cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs sous cc scuil l:
illcu:s, l vlcu: uo,c::c cc l tillc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cst cc +! su: 10, cc
qui cst :cttcuc:t i:ic:icu: u :ivcu t|co:iquc co::cso:c:t l c:io:u:cc
otiulc ccs clcvcs lcs :csultts uo:t:c:t quc l tillc uo,c::c ccs ct|lissc
uc:ts v:ic co:sicc:|lcuc:t c:s tous lcs ,s :tici:ts l: :cglc gc:c:lc, lcs
ciiic:c:ccs c:s lc :o:t clcvcsc:scig::t :c so:t s ct:oitcuc:t ssociccs u
uilicu sociocco:ouiquc ccs clcvcs u sci: ccs ,s ,
l vlcu: uo,c::c cc lì:cicc lic l io:utio: ccs c:scig::ts cst cc 1 su:
10, cc qui i:ciquc quc ccux tic:s c:vi:o: ccs c:scig::ts so:t tituli:cs cù:
ciluc cc :ivcu u:ivc:siti:c sso:ti cù:c sccilistio: c:s l utic:c
c:scig:cc `cst c: Allcug:c, c: lclgiquc ct u luxcu|ou:g quc l co::cl
tio: c:t:c l :oo:tio: c`c:scig::ts tituli:cs cù: ciluc u:ivc:siti:c
tc:tii:c vcc u:c sccilistio: c:s lc su|ct c:scig:c ct lc sttut socio
cco:ouiquc uo,c: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cst l lus ct:oitc ;c:t:c 0+ ct 0.,,
i:ciqu:t quc, c:s ccs ,s, lcs c:scig::ts scciliscs tc:cc:t `t:c c:ggcs
: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts co:t lc uilicu sociocco:ouiquc cst :ivilcgic ,
c:s l lu:t ccs cs, lc :ivcu cc :cssou:ccs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts :`cst s
ct:oitcuc:t ssocic u uilicu socil ccs clcvcs l: :cv:c|c, lì:vc:sc cst v:i
ou: lcu: utilistio: : lcs clcvcs l :cltio: c:t:c lì:cicc llA cùtilistio:
ccs :cssou:ccs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts : lcs clcvcs ct lc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil
ct cultu:cl ccs clcvcs cst lus io:tc quc toutcs lcs ut:cs :cltio:s ct|lics vcc
ccs v:i|lcs :o:cs ux ct|lisscuc:ts lllc suggc:c quc lcs clcvcs issus cc
uilicux uoi:s ivo:iscs tc:cc:t :c s utilisc: lcs :cssou:ccs ccs ct|lissc
uc:ts ussi :cgulic:cuc:t quc lcs clcvcs i:cquc:t:t ccs ct|lisscuc:ts co:t
lc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl cst lus clcvc ,
c:s cc:ti:s ,s, il cxistc u:c :cltio: ositivc c:t:c lcs ictcu:s t:ou|l:t lc
cliut cc l`ct|lisscuc:t iuut|lcs ux c:scig::ts, tcls quìls so:t c:us :
lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t, ct lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cttc
:cltio: cst :ticulic:cuc:t u:iicstc c: o:cc, c: lsg:c ct u ko,uucD:i
;l vlcu: cc l co::cltio: cst cou:isc c:t:c 0+1 ct 0., ll :`, quc cu cc
,s c:s lcsqucls o: o|sc:vc u:c :cltio: ositivc u:iicstc c:t:c lc uo:l ou
l`c:ggcuc:t ccs c:scig::ts ct lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts
l lolog:c sc ccu:quc : lc iit quc lc uo:l ct l`c:ggcuc:t ccs c:scig::ts
so:t co:sicc:cs couuc ii|lcs : lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t c: gc:c:l ;!,, c:
:ticulic: c:s lcs ct|lisscuc:ts co:t lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc cst cu clcvc
;vlcu: cc l co::cltio: 0.1, ,
lcs ct|lisscuc:ts co:t lcs ciicctiis :csc:tc:t u: sttut sociocco:ouiquc
:ivilcgic tc:cc:t iiic|c: u: cliut cc ciscili:c lus ivo:|lc ;tcl quìl cst
c:u : lcs clcvcs, cttc tc:c:cc cst :ticulic:cuc:t sc:si|lc c: lsg:c,
ux lttsD:is, c: ltlic, u o: ct u ko,uucD:i l`ltlic sc ccu:quc
lc |ao|/ clcvc
crc/qrar/ c //tcr/ lc
lt otvcr/ at-acot
at r/vcat a a|//|
attcl /l cxc|.cr/ trc
/rjltcr.c
/ar .c|/a/r ay lc
crc/qrar/ lt
tal/j/c or/ .or.cr/|c
aar lc c/abl/cncr/
j|ctcr/c a| ac clcvc
/t ac n/l/ctx
|/v/lcq/c
lc clcvc o./alcncr/
javo|/c ror/ a a..c
a lt ac |cot|.c na/
lc cxlo//cr/ aavar/aqc
/ar .c|/a/r .a lc
no|al ac crc/qrar/
rc/ a at/ bor aar
lc c.olc j|ctcr/cc a|
ac clcvc /t ac
n/l/ctx no/r javo|/c
lc .l/na/ ac a/./l/rc
ct/ c/|c c/|o//cncr/
ao./c at n/l/ct o./o-
c.oron/tc
!!-
:ui ccs ,s c:s l ucsu:c ou lcs clcvcs co:sicc:c:t gc:c:lcuc:t quc lc
cliut cc ciscili:c cst uccioc:c, su:tout c:s lcs ct|lisscuc:ts i:cquc:tcs
: ccs clcvcs co:t lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc cst ii|lc l: :cv:c|c, il
cxistc cùt:cs ,s ou lc cliut cc ciscili:c cst co:sicc:c couuc ucillcu:
: lcs clcvcs i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts uoi:s :ivilcgics `cst lc cs
u \cxiquc ct c: :ouvcllcZcl:cc ou l vlcu: cc l co::cltio: cst :cscc
tivcuc:t cc 0!! ct cc 0!o
ConclusIons
lc uilicu iuilil u: iuct su: l :cussitc scoli:c ct lc sttut socio
cco:ouiquc cut c: :c:io:cc: l`ciict lic: quc lcs :csultts cu llA uo:t:c:t
quù: uilicu sociocco:ouiquc ccivo:isc :c co::c s s,stcutiqucuc:t licu
cc ict:cs c:io:u:ccs, c`cst lù: ccs ictcu:s qui i:iluc:cc:t lc lus l
c:io:u:cc su: lcs cc|cllcs cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, cc cultu:c ut|cu
tiquc ct cc cultu:c scic:tiiiquc
c co:stt i:ciquc quc c`cst u: ccii olitiquc iuo:t:t quc cc c|c:c|c: oii:i:
l`cglitc ccs c|:ccs tous lcs clcvcs, qucl quc soit lcu: uilicu iuilil lcs
:csultts ccs :cc|c:c|cs uc:ccs l`cc|cllc :tio:lc so:t lutt cccou:gc:ts
lls uo:t:c:t quc lcs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t :c io:t guc:c l ciiic:c:cc
Quc cc soit :cc quc lcs iuillcs isccs so:t lus uùc cc :c:io:cc: l`ciict
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ou :cc quc lcs ct|lisscuc:ts so:t lus uùc cc io:uc:
ccs clcvcs lo:squìls so:t issus cc uilicux lus ivo:iscs, il :it souvc:t
quc lcs ct|lisscuc:ts :c:ocuisc:t lcs :ivilcgcs u licu còii:i: u:c ucillcu:c
cglitc ccs c|:ccs cc so:tc quc lcs :csultts cc l`c:scig:cuc:t soic:t :c:tis
cc u:ic:c lus u:iio:uc
lcs co::ccs i:tc::tio:lcs cu llA so:t lus c:cou:gc:tcs ìl cxistc c:s tous
lcs ,s u:c :cltio: ositivc u:iicstc c:t:c lc uilicu iuilil ct lcs :csultts cc
l`c:scig:cuc:t, cc:ti:s ,s :ouvc:t quc l qulitc c`c:scig:cuc:t ct l`cglitc
:c so:t s i:couti|lcs Ai:si, lc :c, l o:cc, l li:l:cc, l`lsl:cc, lc
o: ct l uccc iiic|c:t tous ccs :ivcux cc c:io:u:cc suc:icu:s l
uo,c::c su: l`cc|cllc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ct u: iuct i:ic:icu: l
uo,c::c cu sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl su: lc :c:ccuc:t ccs clcvcs
l:vc:scuc:t, c: Allcug:c, c: lo:g:ic, u luxcu|ou:g ct c: kcu|liquc
tc|cquc, l c:io:u:cc c: cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cst :cttcuc:t i:ic:icu:c
l uo,c::c uis lcs cis:itcs c:t:c clcvcs issus cc uilicux sociocco:ouiqucs
:ivilcgics ct ccivo:iscs so:t suc:icu:cs l uo,c::c
lù:c ccs co:clusio:s lcs lus cciii:tcs cu llA cst quc lc uilicu iuilil
ccs clcvcs :`cst :cso:s|lc quc cù:c :tic ccs cis:itcs sociocco:ouiqucs
:clcvccs c:s l`c:scig:cuc:t l :tic l uoi:s iuo:t:tc c:s l lu:t
ccs ,s l`ciict co:|uguc cu sttut sociocco:ouiquc ccs ciicctiis ccs ct|lis
scuc:ts cut cxc:cc: u:c i:iluc:cc :cci|lc su: l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs
ct, gc:c:lcuc:t, cct iuct su: lcs sco:cs t|co:iqucs ccs clcvcs cst suc:icu:
cclui cu uilicu iuilil c:so::cl ccs clcvcs
l|- nc/ cr ltn/c|c la
jo|/c /rjltcr.c tcxc|.c
lc n/l/ct jan/l/al.
.na/ / lc
c/abl/cncr/ rc
ctvcr/ la .oncrc|
tc aar trc .c|/a/rc
nct|c.
..c|/a/r ay all/cr/
ac c|jo|nar.c lt
/onoqcrc c/ tr r/vcat
ac tal//c clcvc
lc acj/ c .o|c lo|tc
l/na./ at /a/t/ o./o-
c.oron/tc ac cjjc.//j
atr c/abl/cncr/.
!!0
l`:l,sc ccs :csultts cu llA c:uct cc ti:c: u:c ut:c co:clusio: t:cs
i:st:uctivc lcs ciicts |c:ciiqucs ccs ictcu:s lics ux ct|lisscuc:ts so:t
:c:io:ccs : lc uilicu sociocco:ouiquc lcs ct|lisscuc:ts qui cisosc:t cc
lus cc :cssou:ccs ct qui liquc:t ccs olitiqucs ct ccs :tiqucs ssociccs
cc ucillcu:cs c:io:u:ccs c|cz lcs clcvcs tc:cc:t, ccs ccg:cs civc:s,
`t:c i:cquc:tcs : ccs clcvcs issus cc uilicux lus ivo:iscs l: Allcug:c,
c: lclgiquc ct u luxcu|ou:g, cc :ou|:cux c:scig::ts scciliscs t:villc:t
c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts lus :ivilcgics lc cliut cc ciscili:c ;tcl quìl cst
c:u : lcs clcvcs, scu|lc lus ivo:|lc c:s lcs ct|lisscuc:ts co:t lcs
ciicctiis :csc:tc:t u: sttut sociocco:ouiquc lus clcvc, tout :ticulic:c
uc:t c: lsg:c, ux lttsD:is, c: ltlic, u o: ct u ko,uucD:i l:ii:,
lcs clcvcs qui i:cquc:tc:t ccs ct|lisscuc:ts co:t lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc
cst lus ii|lc tc:cc:t utilisc: uoi:s :cgulic:cuc:t lcs :cssou:ccs cc lcu:
ct|lisscuc:t quc ccux i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts lus :ivilcgics
lc :csultt :ct cc cct ciict cst lc suiv:t c:s lcs ,s ou lò: o|sc:vc u:c g::cc
scg:cgtio: sociocco:ouiquc, lcs clcvcs issus cc uilicux sociocco:ouiqucs
ccivo:iscs iiic|c:t u: :c:ccuc:t i:ic:icu: c co:stt i:ciquc quù:c cc:ti:c
:t cc l`..o!.. 1. ..o!o ctucicc c:s l`:l,sc ccs g:cic:ts sociocco:ouiqucs
cst ssocicc l`..o!.. 1. .|o.. o:scquc:cc cc ccttc situtio:, l :csc:vc cc
tlc:ts :cstc i:cxloitcc ct lcs :cssou:ccs |uui:cs so:t glvucccs
D:s cc:ti:s ,s, lcs clcvcs so:t souuis u:c io:tc scg:cgtio: socio
cco:ouiquc, :o: sculcuc:t sous l`ciict cc l scg:cgtio: :csicc:ticllc ct cc
ictcu:s cco:ouiqucs, uis cglcuc:t cusc cc cc:ti:cs c:ctc:istiqucs ccs
s,stcucs ccuctiis lcs ccciccu:s cc ccs ,s ou::ic:t c:visgc: cc :ccui:c
lùlcu: cc l scg:cgtio: sociocco:ouiquc ou cìicctc: lcs :cssou:ccs sclo:
u: :cgiuc ciiic:c:cic ou: uocc:c: lìuct cu uilicu sociocco:ouiquc su:
lc :c:ccuc:t ccs clcvcs lou: ccs ,s, il cst s:s coutc :cccssi:c c`cxui:c:
l :cltio: c:t:c lìiccttio: ccs :cssou:ccs ux ct|lisscuc:ts ct lc sttut
sociocco:ouiquc ccs ciicctiis cc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts D:s cùt:cs ,s, l
scg:cgtio: sociocco:ouiquc cst :cltivcuc:t ii|lc, cc qui sig:iiic quc lc
sttut sociocco:ouiquc ccs ciicctiis ccs ct|lisscuc:ts tc:c `t:c siuili:c
D:s ccs ,s, lcs ccciccu:s ou::ic:t c:visgc: cc :c:c:c ccs ucsu:cs vis:t
uclio:c: lcs :cssou:ccs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ct :ccui:c l scg:cgtio: socio
cco:ouiquc u sci: cc ccuxci ou: ttc:uc: lìuct cu uilicu socil c qui
iuo:tc lc lus toutciois, c`cst l u:ic:c co:t ccs :cssou:ccs sc:o:t c: ii:
cc coutc cxloitccs l:ui lcs :oc|cs c:visgc|lcs, cito:s l`|olitio: cu
:cg:oucuc:t : tituccs ou c:co:c u:c ssist:cc lus suivic ux clcvcs co:t
lc :ivcu cc c:io:u:cc cst i:suiiis:t
D:s lcs ,s ou lìuct cu uilicu sociocco:ouiquc su: l c:io:u:cc ccs
clcvcs cst uocc:c, lc uc:itc cc ccttc :cussitc :`c: :cvic:t s u scul s,stcuc
ccuctii Dc uùc, c:s lcs ,s ou l c:tc cu g:cic:t cst iuo:t:tc, lcs
ct|lisscuc:ts :`c: o:tc:t s toutc l :cso:s|ilitc ll :csso:t ccs :l,scs
quc lcs cciis iuoscs ux s,stcucs ccuctiis : lcs cis:itcs c:s l :c:titio:
.c .ortqtc at ja//
tc lc clcvc |/v/lcq/c
or/ /craar.c a
j|ctcr/c| ac
c/abl/cncr/ t/
|ccr/cr/ aat/|c
avar/aqc.
..c t/ |crjo|.c
l/rcqal//c ac ./ar.c
l/na./ at n/l/ct
o./o-c.oron/tc ac
clcvc ot||a// c/|c |cat//
cr nc//ar/ cr la.c ac
olt//or ol///tc
lc acj/ /noc atx
y/cnc cat.a//j /nl/tcr/
ac cjjo|/ a/jjc|cr/ clor lc
ayaqc o./o-c.oron/tc
ra//oratx
!!1
ccs ictcu:s iuiliux u sci: cc l oultio: ccs clcvcs ciiic:c:t g::ccuc:t
sclo: lcs ,s Ai:si, l :c:titio: i:cglc cc l :ic|cssc iuililc tcllc qu`cllc
cst ucsu:cc : lc llA u l:csil, ux lttsD:is, u \cxiquc, c: lolog:c
ct u lo:tugl ;voi: lc c|it:c o, iuliquc ccs ciio:ts :cttcuc:t lus soutc:us
ou: g::ti: l`cglitc ccs c|:ccs qu`c: o:cc, c: li:l:cc ou u o:,
,s c:s lcsqucls l :c:titio: cc l :ic|cssc cst lus u:iio:uc :ou|:cux
so:t lcs ictcu:s lics lì:ic:io:itc sociocco:ouiquc quc l olitiquc cc
l`c:scig:cuc:t :c cut i:iluc:cc: ci:cctcuc:t, cu uoi:s cou:t tc:uc A tit:c
c`cxculc, cito:s lc :ivcu cc io:utio: ccs :c:ts, qui :c cut uguc:tc:
quc :og:cssivcuc:t, ou c:co:c l :ic|cssc iuililc, qui ccc:c cu ccvcloc
uc:t cco:ouiquc cu ,s lo:g tc:uc
lcs :csultts cu llA suggc:c:t toutciois quc l olitiquc cc l`ccolc ct lcs
ct|lisscuc:ts cuxuùcs cuvc:t co:t:i|uc: g::ccuc:t ttc:uc: lìuct
cc lì:ic:io:itc socilc su: l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ct icc:tiiic:t cc:ti:s
sccts ccs :tiqucs c: clssc, ccs :cssou:ccs ct olitiqucs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts
qui cuvc:t ii:c toutc l ciiic:c:cc lc ccg:c cùtilistio: ccs :cssou:ccs ccs
ct|lisscuc:ts : lcs clcvcs ct l :oo:tio: c`c:scig::ts scciliscs cuvc:t
u:iicstcuc:t i:iluc:cc: l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs lcs ictcu:s t:ou|l:t lc
cliut cc l`ct|lisscuc:t ct iuut|lcs ux c:scig::ts, lc uo:l ct l`c:g
gcuc:t cc ccuxci i:si quc lc ccg:c cùto:ouic ccs ct|lisscuc:ts tcls
quìls so:t c:us : lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t so:t cglcuc:t ccs ictcu:s
cccisiis l:ii:, l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs cst i:iluc:ccc : cc:ti:s sccts ccs
:tiqucs liquccs c: clssc, :otuuc:t lcs :cltio:s clcvcsc:scig::ts ct lc
cliut cc ciscili:c qui :cg:c c:s l clssc
ll :csso:t ccs :csultts cu llA quùcu: ictcu: :c cut lui scul cxliquc:
ou:quoi cc:ti:s ct|lisscuc:ts ou ,s o|tic::c:t cc ucillcu:s :csultts
quc cùt:cs l: iit, lcs |o::cs c:io:u:ccs so:t iuut|lcs u:c u,:icc
cc ictcu:s, co:t lcs :tiqucs c: clssc ct lcs :cssou:ccs ct olitiqucs ccs
ct|lisscuc:ts Dùt:cs :cc|c:c|cs coivc:t `t:c uc:ccs ou: cctc:ui:c:
couuc:t ccs ictcu:s io:ctio::c:t, c:t:c:t c: i:tc:ctio: vcc lc uilicu
iuilil ct i:iluc:cc:t lcs c:io:u:ccs ccs clcvcs
oucicux cùclio:c: l cou:c|c:sio: cc ccs lcvic:s, lc llA s`cst iixc lò||cctii
cc u|lic: c: !00! ct !00! u:c sc:ic cc :o:ts t|cutiqucs qui :l,sc:o:t
lìuct ccs ictcu:s lics ux ct|lisscuc:ts ct ux s,stcucs ccuctiis cc u:ic:c
lus :oio:cic ct tc:tc:o:t cc cctc:ui:c: cc io: lus cctillcc co.oc.
cc:ti:s ,s iiic|c:t cc ucillcu:s :csultts quc cùt:cs c: tc:ucs cc qulitc
ct c`cglitc c:s l`c:scig:cuc:t D:s l`ttc:tc cc ccs :o:ts, lc siulc iit
cc svoi: quc c:s cc:ti:s ,s, l lu:t ccs clcvcs :csc:tc:t cc| u: :ivcu
cc c:io:u:cc clcvc cst c: soi u: co:stt c:cou:gc:t, qui uo:t:c quc ccs
cciis u|iticux cuvc:t `t:c :clcvcs
lc l|- a /acr//j/c
.c|/a/r ja./ct| l/c atx
c/abl/cncr/ t/
ctvcr/ ja/|c la
a/jjc|cr.c
/ at.tr ja./ct| /olc
rc jot|r// ac olt//or
n/|a.lc.
.ac aralyc lt
a|ojora/c or/
a//cratc c/ v/c|or/ a
ja/|c la ltn/c|c t| lc
|cla//or ac .atc a cjjc/
!!!
.OTES
1 l ccii:itio: cc cct i:cicc iigu:c l`::cxc A1
! l: c:scu|lc cc l`Dl , o: c:tc:c tous lcs ,s cc l`Dl :tici:t u llA, l`cxcctio: ccs l,sls ;voi:
::cxc A!,
! l`ciict cu:vili:ci:c cst sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictii, uis il cst :cltivcuc:t ii|lc ct ciiiicilc ciscc::c: lòil :u c:s l
iigu:c 1
+ l: tc:ucs sttistiqucs, l v:i:cc cxliqucc : lì:cicc llA cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl ou: l zo:c cc
l`Dl s`clcvc !0 ou: cc:t, cc qui cst :cttcuc:t i:ic:icu: u ou:cc:tgc qui i:ciquc:it u:c :cltio: :iitc ;100
ou: cc:t,
. lc g:cic:t clculc ou: l`c:scu|lc cc l`Dl c:s l iigu:c 1 cst t:cs siuili:c ux g:cic:ts i:tc::cs uo,c:s ccs ,s
o lc t:itcuc:t ccs co::ccs u:qu:tcs cst cxliquc l`::cxc A1 lc ou:cc:tgc cc cs c:s lcsqucls ccs co::ccs su:
lì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl so:t u:qu:tcs cst i:ciquc c:s lc t|lcu 1
lc sco:c suc:icu: .00 sco:c uo,c: cc l`Dl su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it s`cxliquc
cssc:ticllcuc:t : lc iit quc lcs g::cs ,s, qui i:iluc:t cv:tgc su: l uo,c::c o:cc:cc cc l`Dl, :csc:tc:t c:
gc:c:l u: :c:ccuc:t suc:icu: l uo,c::c cc l`Dl lc iit quc cc:ti:cs ccs vlcu:s :cltivcs ux co::ccs socio
cco:ouiqucs soic:t u:qu:tcs co:t:i|uc cglcuc:t cc |c:ouc:c
l`:l,sc i:clut cglcuc:t lì:cicc c::c cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl ;X, ou: vc:iiic: l`cvc:tucllc occu::c:cc
c`ciicts :o: li:ci:cs c:s ccttc :cltio: lc cociiicic:t qui c: :csultc cst :cltivcuc:t ii|lc 1!1 l: ut|cutiqucs ct
c: scic:ccs, lcs g:cic:ts sociocco:ouiqucs ciiic:c:t lcgc:cuc:t Y ~ .0o+! +0. X +1+ X
!
c: ut|cutiqucs ct
Y ~ .0oo !.0 X 1! X
!
c: scic:ccs
- `cst lc cs ccs g:cic:ts cc :cvc:us ssocics cc :ou|:cux v:tgcs lics l s:tc, :otuuc:t l lo:gcvitc ;lousc . o!,
1--0 , \i:ows|, ct lu, 1--o , Woliso: . o!, 1--!, u:c iois quc lcs |csoi:s io:cuc:tux ccs i:civicus so:t stisiits,
lcs uguc:ttio:s sulcuc:ti:cs cu :cvc:u :c co:t:i|uc:t quc u:gi:lcuc:t lcu: s:tc
10 l: sttistiqucs, l co::cltio: c:t:c lcs :ivcux ct lcs c:tcs s`clcvc 0! ou: u: sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl
uo,c:
11 Au o:, lus cc .0 ou: cc:t ccs co::ccs su: l :oicssio: ct lc :ivcu cc io:utio: ccs :c:ts c`clcvcs so:t
u:qu:tcs lou: lcs clcvcs co:t lcs co::ccs so:t u:qu:tcs, lì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl ctc
iuutc su: l |sc ccs c|iii:cs ciso:i|lcs ou: lcs i:ciccs llA cc :ic|cssc iuililc, cc t:iuoi:c cultu:cl ct cc :cssou:ccs
ccuctivcs l uiso: l c:tc cu g:cic:t cc ccs clcvcs cst :tiqucuc:t icc:tiquc ccllc ccs clcvcs :oos ccsqucls
ccs co::ccs so:t ciso:i|lcs ou: lcs ci:q v:i|lcs, cc qui suggc:c quc ccttc :occcu:c cìuuttio: :` s i:t:ocuit cc
|iis iuo:t:t c:s lcs cstiutio:s
1! D:s ccs ,s, l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs cst suc:icu:c l uo,c::c cc l`Dl ct l c:tc cu g:cic:t cst uoi:s
:o:o:ccc quc ccllc cu g:cic:t uo,c: cc l`Dl lcs ccux cc:ts so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictiis
1! D:s ccs ,s, l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs cst suc:icu:c l uo,c::c cc l`Dl ct l c:tc cu g:cic:t cst lus :o:o:ccc
quc ccllc cu g:cic:t uo,c: cc l`Dl lcs ccux cc:ts so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictiis
1+ cs :l,scs sc |sc:t su: u:c :cg:cssio: ccs uoi:c:cs c::cs cc l c:io:u:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc l`cc:it c:
io:ctio: .) cc lì:cicc sociocco:ouiquc i:tc::tio:l cc sttut :oicssio::cl ;t|lcu o1, ct cu c::c cc cct i:cicc, ..) cu
:ou|:c c`::ccs c`ctuccs ccs :c:ts ;voi: l`::cxc A1,, ...) cc lì:cicc llA cc :cssou:ccs ccuctivcs l uiso: ;voi:
.oc..1c.,, .) cc lì:cicc llA cc t:iuoi:c cultu:cl l uiso: ;t|lcu o!,, ) cù:c v:i|lc iictivc i:ciqu:t lc
scxc ccs clcvcs, .) cc ccux v:i|lcs iictivcs i:ciqu:t si l`clcvc vit c:s u:c iuillc uo:o:c:tlc ou :uclci:c ou c:s
u: ut:c t,c cc iuillc ;voi: lc t|lcu o-,, ..) lc :ou|:c cc i:c:cs ct sou:s ;voi: .oc..1c.,, ...) cù:c v:i|lc
iictivc i:ciqu:t si l`clcvc cst :c c:s lc ,s ou il vit ;t|lcu o10, ct .) t:ois v:i|lcs iictivcs i:ciqu:t u: u:quc cc
!!!
co::ccs ou: lì:cicc sociocco:ouiquc i:tc::tio:l cc sttut :oicssio::cl, lc :ou|:c c`::ccs c`ctuccs ccs :c:ts ct
lc :ou|:c cc i:c:cs ct sou:s lì:cicc llA cc :ic|cssc iuililc ;t|lcu o!, ctc :is c: co:sicc:tio: c:s lcs :l,scs
:cliui:i:cs, uis il cst :u quc c:s l lu:t ccs ,s, ccttc v:i|lc ctit coli:ci:c : :o:t ux ut:cs ictcu:s
cou:c::t lì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl ll co:c ctc su:iuc ccs ut:cs :l,scs lcs :csultts
co:cc:::t lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c lcs scxcs so:t siuili:cs ccux :csc:tcs u c|it:c o lls :c so:t co:c s :c:is c:s lc
t|lcu ! lcs cociiicic:ts co:cc:::t lùt:c t,c cc iuillc tutcu: so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictiis c:s l lu:t
ccs cs, uis lcs :csultts , iic:c:ts :c so:t s :c:is c:s lc t|lcu !, c: ils co:cc::c:t u:c ctcgo:ic :cltivcuc:t
ii|lc
1. l zo:c c:glo|c tous lcs ,s cc l`Dl :tici:t u llA, l`cxcctio: ccs l,sls
1o D:s cc:ti:s ,s, l :oo:tio: c`clcvcs lloc|to:cs cst :ccuitc ll , cst t:cs ciiiicilc cc cctcctc: ccs ciiic:c:ccs
sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivcs cusc cc l tillc ccs cc|:tillo:s cu llA
1 l`cc:t t,c cc lì:cicc sociocco:ouiquc llA cc sttut :oicssio::cl :c:csc:tc c: uo,c::c 1o! oi:ts c:s l`c:scu|lc
cc l`Dl
1 ll cst :otc: quc ccttc vlcu: cst ciiic:c:tc cc ccllc qui iigu:c c:s lc t|lcu o1 l: ciict, lc t|lcu ! i:ciquc lìuct
cc lì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl su: l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs, :t:t cu :i:cic quc tous lcs ut:cs
ictcu:s cu t|lcu so:t u:iio:ucuc:t :c:tis c:s l`c:scu|lc cc l`Dl l: :cv:c|c, lc t|lcu o1 ucsu:c lìuct
cc lì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl su: l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs s:s tc:i: coutc c`cvc:tucllcs ciiic:c:ccs
suscitccs : cùt:cs ictcu:s
1- ll cst cùt:cs ,s ou: lcsqucls cct iuct :`cst s sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictii, :otuuc:t lcs lttsD:is, l lo:g:ic, l
lolog:c ct lc ko,uucD:i
!0 Voi: l:oo|ovc: . o!, 1- , lc:cc:so: . o!, 1- , kuu|c:gc: . o!, 1--! , |vit . o!, 1-. , uuuc:s . o!, 1- ,
Willus, 1-o
!1 lc c|oix cù: ccuicc:t t,c ou: lcs cou:iso:s suiv:tcs sc |ustiiic : lc iit quc ccttc vlcu: c:uct cc ccc:i:c
ccs ciiic:c:ccs :clistcs c:t:c ct|lisscuc:ts co:cc:::t lc sttut sociocco:ouiquc cc lcu:s ciicctiis l: uo,c::c, c:s
lcs ,s cc l`Dl, l ciiic:c:cc c:t:c lcs .
c
ct !.
c
cc:tilcs cc lì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl cc
l`ct|lisscuc:t :c:csc:tc 0! cc:t t,c u :ivcu ccs clcvcs D:s tous lcs ,s cc l`Dl sui u:, ccttc ciiic:c:cc cst
suc:icu:c 0. cc:t t,c cc lì:cicc sociocco:ouiquc ccs clcvcs
!! l lgc t,iquc co::cso:c l ciiic:c:cc c:t:c lcs .
c
ct !.
c
cc:tilcs ccs vlcu:s uo,c::cs cc lì:cicc llA cc sttut
cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl ccs ct|lisscuc:ts
!! lcs ciicts ssocics u:c uguc:ttio: cù: ccuicc:t t,c ;u :ivcu cc l`clcvc, cc lì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil
ct cultu:cl uo,c: cc l`ct|lisscuc:t :c:csc:tc:t :cscctivcuc:t ou: lcs g:o:s ct lcs iillcs !+1 ct !1 oi:ts c:
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, !+ ct !0. c: cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct !! ct !0 oi:ts c: cultu:c scic:tiiiquc
!+ l: ciluc cc :ivcu u:ivc:siti:c, o: c:tc:c tous lcs cilucs cu :ivcu .A cc l lssiiictio: i:tc::tio:lc t,c cc
l`ccuctio: ;lIl,
!. Dcs tc:ucs c::cs ct li:ci:cs o:t ctc utiliscs c:s lc uocclc ou: c:uctt:c u:c cvc:tucllc :cltio: :o: li:ci:c c:t:c lc
:o:t clcvcsc:scig::t ct l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs ll co:vic:t : illcu:s cc uc:tio::c: quì:itilcuc:t, l :cltio:
ctit t:o:qucc : l :csc:cc cù:c sc:ic c`ct|lisscuc:ts iiic|:t u: :o:t clcvcsc:scig::t t:cs clcvc D: tc:uc
scciiiquc ctc i:t:ocuit c:s lc uocclc ou: ucsu:c: l`ciict cu :o:t clcvcsc:scig::t c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:tsl
!o ll cxistc c:s cc:ti:s ,s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ou lò: coutc lus cc .0 clcvcs : c:scig::t cs ct|lisscuc:ts o:t ctc
t:itcs sc:cuc:t c:s l`:l,sc lls o:t ctc uoccliscs lìcc cù:c v:i|lc iictivc sc:cc lcs :csultts i:ciquc:t quc lc
sco:c uo,c: cc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cst :cttcuc:t i:ic:icu: l uo,c::c
cc l`Dl
! ll cst :otc: quc c:s cc :ou|:cux ,s, lc :ivcu cc io:utio: ccs c:scig::ts :c v:ic guc:c ll cst co:c t:cs :o||lc
quc l :cltio: soit ii|lc
!!+
! lcs v:i|lcs :cltivcs l`c:cou:gcuc:t : lcs c:scig::ts ct ux :cltio:s c:scig::tclcvcs c:t:ctc:ic:t u:c :cltio:
:o: li:ci:c vcc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs lou: :cuccic: ccl, lcs ucsu:cs c`c:cou:gcuc:t utilisccs c:s ccttc :l,sc
i:ciquc:t lcs cs cxt:ùcs ou lcs clcvcs o:t :co:cu |uis ccs itcus tcls quc lc :oicsscu: cit ux clcvcs quìls
ou::ic:t uicux ii:c Dc uùc, l ucsu:c ccs :cltio:s c:scig::tclcvcs lqucllc cc c|it:c iit :cic:c:cc :cilctc
l :oo:tio: c`clcvcs ,:t :co:cu s cu tout c`cco:c ux iii:utio:s cvoqu:t u:c :cltio: c:scig::tclcvcs
lutt ositivc
!- l :t cc l v:itio: c:t:c ,s cc l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c scic:tiiiquc iuut|lc l`ciict
co:|uguc cc ictcu:s lics ux ct|lisscuc:ts ct cu sttut sociocco:ouiquc ccs clcvcs cst i:ic:icu:c ccllc iuut|lc
u:iqucuc:t ux ictcu:s lics ux ct|lisscuc:ts D:s ccs uocclcs, l`ciict cu sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl uo,c:
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts v:ic sclo: lcs ,s lcs couos:ts cc l v:i:cc o:t ctc clculcs ou: u: clcvc co:t lc sttut
cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl cst uo,c: ct qui cst i:sc:it c:s u: ct|lisscuc:t co:t lc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct
cultu:cl uo,c: cst cgl zc:o ;c`cstci:c l uo,c::c ou: lcs clcvcs cc l`c:scu|lc cc l`Dl, l :ccuctio: cc l
v:i:cc :cs i:t:ocuctio: c:s lc uocclc cc lì:cicc cc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl uo,c: suggc:c l :csc:cc
cì:tc:ctio:s sig:iiictivcs c:t:c lcs :cssou:ccs ct lc sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl uo,c: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts
!0 Au :ivcu i:tc::tio:l, lìuct cu :o:t clcvcsc:scig::t su: l c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs sc st|ilisc u:c iois lc lio:c
cc !. clcvcs : c:scig::t cst ttci:t cttc vlcu: cst co:c co:sicc:cc couuc l ctcgo:ic l lus clcvcc cc cct i:cicc
!1 l`:l,sc s`ctc u: uocclc |ic::c|iquc ccux :ivcux c:s c|quc ,s lc uocclc cst scu|l|lc cclui utilisc ou: lc
t|lcu ., sui quc lcs ccux ucsu:cs cu :o:t clcvcsc:scig::t o:t ctc :culcccs : ccs v:i|lcs iictivcs i:ciqu:t
lcs ciicts cou:cs ccs :o:ts clcvcsc:scig::ts cc !0 !., cc !. !0 ct cc lus cc !0 clcvcs : c:scig::t cù:c :t
ct ccs :o:ts clcvcsc:scig::t i:ic:icu:s !0 cùt:c :t c :occcc c:uis cc ii:c u:c cou:iso: lus ci:cctc
ccs ciicts :o: li:ci:cs lì:tc:icu: cc c|quc ,s l: illcu:s, lc uocclc :ì:tcg:c s l tillc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts :cc
quc lcs ciicts v:ic:t co:sicc:|lcuc:t cù: ,s lùt:c ct :c so:t s sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictiis c:s l lu:t ccs
cs lcs :csultts cc l uct:l,sc co::c:t licu ccs co:stttio:s siuili:cs ccllcs qui vic:t ctc i:ic:ccs cu uocclc
sttistiquc t:ois :ivcux, si cc :`cst quc l`ciict c`c:cou:gcuc:t ctit uoi:c:c ct :`ctit s sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictii
!! lcs cociiicic:ts ccs :l,scs i:tc::cs ccs ,s v:ic:t io:tcuc:t, couuc lì:ciquc l tillc cc lcu:s cc:ts t,cs lcs
cociiicic:ts cuvc:t v:ic: cù: ,s lùt:c cusc cù:c v:itio: :ccllc ccs ciicts c:s c|cu: c`cux ou cusc cù:c
c::cu: cc ucsu:c ou c`cc|:tillo::gc D:s cc t,c c`:l,sc, l`c::cu: c`cc|:tillo::gc cut |ouc: u: :lc cc :cuic:
l: :cc quc l :ccisio: ccs cociiicic:ts ccs v:i|lcs liccs ux ct|lisscuc:ts ccc:c cssc:ticllcuc:t cu :ou|:c
c`ct|lisscuc:ts c:s l`cc|:tillo: c`ccolcs cc c|quc ,s, lutt quc cu :ou|:c c`clcvcs lc :ou|:c c`ct|lisscuc:ts
ou: ccttc :l,sc v:iit cc !+ ccolcs ou: lc luxcu|ou:g 1 111 ccolcs ou: lc :c, vcc u:c uo,c::c cc
quclquc !1+ ccolcs ou: l zo:c cc l`Dl c :o|lcuc iicctc :ticulic:cuc:t lcs cociiicic:ts ccs :o:ts clcvcs
c:scig::ts, uisquc c:s cc:ti:s cs ccs cociiicic:ts so:t ct|lis su: |sc ccs :csultts o|tc:us cù: t:cs ctit :ou|:c
c`ct|lisscuc:ts
2&2%.#%3
Audas, R. ct Wiiims, ].D. ;!000,, io.. o1 .c. co c :.|cc! + !...co.. ......, ko:t :c:c ou:
Dcvclocuc:t ccs kcssou:ccs luui:cs :c, :c
Baumert, ]., Heyn. s. ct Kiier, G. ;1--+,, o x..!.. t...o...i.o. ;ll,, l:stitut iu: cic lcgogi| cc:
:tu:wissc:sc|itc: : cc: D:ivc:sitt licl, licl
Baumert, ]., Gruehn, s., Heyn, s., Kiier, G. ct schnabei, K.u. ;1--,, i.!1o..!oo. o1 t,.|cc..o!. i..|!o .
jo.1o!.. (iiju) c|o.o.c io1 :, \xll:c|l:stitut iu: lilcu:gsio:sc|u:g, lc:li:
Beaton, A.I., Muiiis, I.V., Martin, M.G., Gonzaiez, I.]., Keiiy, D.I. ct smith, 1.A. ;1--o,, Mo|.o.. +.|.... .
|. M.11!. :.|cc! 1.o., c:tc: io: t|c tuc, oi Icsti:g, lvlutio: :c lcuctio:l lolic,, losto: ollcgc
Brookover, W.B., schveitzer, ].H., schneider, ].M., Beady, c.H., Iiood, r.K. ct Wisenbaker, ].M. ;1-,,
llcuc:t:, sc|ool socil cliutc :c sc|ool c|icvcuc:t , +....o i1o.o.co! r..o..| jco.o!, vol 1., !01!1
Iignor, D., 1ayior, c., Kirsch, I. ct ]amieson, ]. ;1--,, ..!c. c o :.o!. c. +.. |. t..! c cco.. to.!.o.., c
1oitt :o1., Illl kcsc:c| kco:t :o o0, lcuctio:l Icsti:g c:vicc, l:i:ccto:, :
Ganzeboom, H.B.G., De Graa, r. ct 1reiman, D.]. ;vcc De Ieeuv, ]., ;1--!,, A st:c:c i:tc::tio:l socio
cco:ouic i:ccx oi occutio:l sttus , :c..o! :..... r..o..|, vol !1;1,, 1.o
Ganzeboom, H.B.G., 1reiman, D.]. ct Donaid, ]. ;1--o,, l:tc::tio:ll, cou:|lc ucsu:cs oi occutio:l sttus
io: t|c 1- l:tc::tio:l t:c:c lssi|ctio: oi ccutio:s , :c..o! :..... r..o..|, vol !., !01!!-
Henderson, V., Mieszkovski, r. ct sauvageau, Y. ;1-,, lcc: g:ou ciiccts :c ccuctio:l :ocuctio: iu:ctio:s ,
jco.o! c to/!.. i.cc.., vol 10, -10o
House, ]., Kessier, R., Herzog, R., Mero, R.r., Kinney, A.M. ct Bresiov, M.]. ;1--0,, Agc, sociocco:ouic sttus,
:c |clt| , 1|. M.!!/o| oo...!,, vol o, !!+11
INsII-DrD ;1---,, io1. 1. !o o/.!.. 1. 1..!o.o.c 1. .!.. 1. : o 1o !. .o1.. 1. !c..o.c ti:+ 2, cocuuc:t i:tc::c,
DlDl:ll, l::cc
Marsh, H. W., shaveison, R.]. ct Byrne, B.M. ;1--!,, A uulticiuc:sio:l, |ic::c|icl sclico:cct , i: kl li| ct
I \ l:i:t|ut ;ci: u|,, :o1,. |. :.! :.!...... o..c |. !..o, ttc D:ivc:sit, oi :cw Yo:| l:css, Al|:,
Mirovsky, ]. ct Hu, r. ;1--o,, l|,sicl iui:uc:t :c t|c ciui:is|i:g ciiccts oi i:couc , :c..o! tc..., vol +;!,,
10!10-o
Muiiis, I.V., Martin, M.G., Beaton, A.I., Gonzaiez, I.]., Keiiy, D.I. ct smith, 1.A. ;1--,, Mo|.o.. o1 :.....
+.|.... . |. t.o! 1.o. c :..c1o., :.|cc!, c:tc: io: t|c tuc, oi Icsti:g, lvlutio: :c lcuctio:l lolic,, losto:
ollcgc
GcDI ;1--o,, r.o.1 o. !.1o.o.c t. .1..o.o. 1. !oci, l:is
GcDI ;1--,, r.o.1 o. !.1o.o.c t. .1..o.o. 1. !oci, l:is
GcDI ;1---o,, M.o... !. .co.o.. . .c.... 1. .!.. u co.oo .o1.. 1.o!oo.c, l:is
GcDI ;1---/,, :c..!oo.. 1. ,.. 1.1o.o.c co.1. 1o.!.o.c 1. !o ci1iv 1o !. o, 1. !oci, l:is
GcDI ;!001,, r.o.1 o. !.1o.o.c t. .1..o.o. 1. !oci, l:is
GcDI ct statistique canada ;1--.,, t...o.., ..cc.. . c.... r.o!o 1. !. t...... .o. ...o.co!. o. !o!|o/..o.c
1. o1o!., l:is ct ttw
GcDI ct statistique canada ;!000,, to !...o.. o !... 1. !.c.o.c, l:is ct ttw
Gvens, I. ct Barnes, ]. ;1--!,, t.o.. t....... :.o!., Alk, Victo:i, Aust:lic
reigrum, W.]. ct Anderson, R.I. ;1---,, ic1 o1 |. i... to.o1. c. t..!c t.o.. o c.!1.1. .1o.o.co! o..
c ..o.o.o.., co!, o1 .o...., l:tc::tio:l Associtio: io: t|c lvlutio: oi lcuctio:l Ac|icvcuc:t ;llA,, Austc:cu
klllkl:l
!!o
rintrich, r.R., smith, D.A.I., Garcia, 1. ct McKeachie, W.]. ;1--!,, kcli|ilit, :c :ccictivc vlicit, oi t|c uotivtcc
st:tcgics io: lc::i:g qucstio::i:c ;\lQ, , i1o.o.co! o1 t,.|c!c..o! M.oo..., vol .!, 011!
Rumberger, R. ct Wiiims, ].D. ;1--!,, I|c iuct oi :cil :c ct|:ic scg:cgtio: o: t|c c|icvcuc:t g i: liio::i
|ig| sc|ools , i1o.o.co! io!oo.c o1 tc!.., +o!,., vol 1+;+,, !!-o
shavit, Y. ct Wiiiiams, R.A. ;1-.,, A|ilit, g:oui:g :c co:tcxtul cctc:ui::ts oi ccuctio:l cxccttio:s i: ls:cl ,
+....o :c..c!c..o! r..., vol .0, o!!
summers, A.A. ct Woie, B.I. ;1-,, Do sc|ools u|c ciiic:c:cc , +....o i.cc.. r..., vol o, o!-o.!
Warm, 1.A. ;1-.,, Wcig|tcc uxiuuu li|cli|ooc cstiutio: oi |ilit, i: ltcu kcso:sc I|co:, wit| tcsts oi |:itc lc:gt| ,
Icc|:icl kco:t GlIk.0, D ost Gu:c l:stitutc, |l|ou it,
Wiiims, ].D. ;1-o,, ocil clss scg:cgtio: :c its :cltio:s|i to uils` cxui:tio: :csults i: cotl:c , +....o
:c..c!c..o! r..., vol .1, !!+!+1
Wiiims, ].D. ct chen, M. ;1--,, I|c ciiccts oi |ilit, g:oui:g o: t|c ct|:ic c|icvcuc:t g i: ls:cli clcuc:t:,
sc|ools , +....o jco.o! c i1o.o.c, vol -;!,, !!!.
Woison, M., Rove, G., Gentieman, ].I. ct 1omiak, M. ;1--!,, :cc: c::i:gs :c cct| A lo:gituci:l :l,sis oi
olcc: :ci: uc: , jco.o! c c..cc!c,, vol +;+,, 1o1-
A
+::iYi
C^lkL 1LClNlOLL
Annee A1 o:st:uctio: ccs i:ciccs ct ut:cs ucsu:cs
cc:ivccs :ti: ccs qucstio::i:cs clcvc
ct ct|lisscuc:t
Annee A2 V:itio: cxliqucc cc l c:io:u:cc
ccs clcvcs
Annee A1 loultio: ci|lc ct cc|:tillo:s cu llA
Annee A+ l::cu:s t,cs, tcsts cc sig:i|ctio: ct
cou:iso:s uultilcs
Annee As Assu::cc qulitc
Annee Ao Dcvclocuc:t ccs i:st:uuc:ts
c`cvlutio: cu llA
Annee A1 li|ilitc cc l co::cctio: ccs itcus
:co:sc ouvc:tc
A::lXl A1
!!
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DESQUESTIONNAIRESiLVESwETiTABLISSEMENTw
llusicu:s ciuc:sio:s cu llA io:t :cic:c:cc ccs i:ciccs qui :csuuc:t lcs :co:scs co::ccs : lcs clcvcs ou lcs :c:csc:t:ts
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ;gc:c:lcuc:t lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t, u:c sc:ic cc qucstio:s cs qucstio:s o:t ctc sclcctio::ccs c:s
ccs .c.o. lus iuo:t:ts su: l |sc cc co:sicc:tio:s t|co:iqucs ct cc :cc|c:c|cs :tc:icu:cs lcs cqutio:s st:uctu:cllcs
o:t ctc uocclisccs ou: co:|:uc: lcs ciuc:sio:s t|co:iqucs :cvucs ct vlicc: lcu: cou:|ilitc c:t:c ,s A cct ciict,
u: uocclc i:civicucl ctc :c:c ou: c|quc ,s, t:cis quù: uocclc collcctii ctc co:u ou: l`c:scu|lc ccs ,s cc
l`Dl
cttc scctio: cxliquc lcs i:ciccs cc:ivcs ccs qucstio::i:cs clcvc ct ct|lisscuc:t :csc:tcs c:s cc :o:t lc roc.
..|.o. ti:+ 2, qui sc: cccssi|lc su: l:tc::ct |: !001, ccc:it lcs ut:cs i:ciccs cu llA ct cctillc lcs uct|occs utilisccs
ui uc:tio: co:t:i:c, lo:squù: i:cicc sc |sc su: lcs :co:scs ccs clcvcs ccs qucstio:s uultilcs, il cst uis l`cc|cllc
c: utilis:t u:c cstiutio: o:cc:cc cc l :co:sc l lus v:iscu|l|lc sclo: u: uocclc cc :co:sc u:c qucstio: u:
scul :uct:c ;co::uc sous lc :ou c`cstiutcu: WAk\ ..|.1 o..o. ..c. c1.! ou uct|occ cu uocclc cc :co:sc
uo,c::c o:cc:cc, voi: W:u, 1-., cout:t lcs t:ois ctcs suiv:tcs
lcs :uct:cs cc qucstio: so:t cstiucs :ti: cc souscc|:tillo:s c`clcvcs cc tillc co:st:tc c:s c|quc ,s cc
l`Dl ,
lcs cstiutio:s so:t clculccs ou: tous lcs clcvcs ct ct|lisscuc:ts c: |x:t lcs :uct:cs cc qucstio: o|tc:us lo:s
cc l`ctc :ccccc:tc ,
c:|:, lcs i:ciccs so:t :o:uliscs ou: quc l vlcu: uo,c::c cì:cicc cc l oultio: ccs clcvcs cc l`Dl soit cglc
zc:o ct quc l`cc:t t,c soit cgl 1 ;o:cc:tio: cquivlc:tc ccs ,s lo:s cu :occssus cc :o:ulistio:,
ll , licu cc soulig:c: quc lcs vlcu:s :cgtivcs cù: i:cicc :ìuliquc:t s io:ccuc:t quc lcs clcvcs ou lcs c|cis
c`ct|lisscuc:t o:t :co:cu : l :cgtivc ux qucstio:s qui , so:t ssociccs cs vlcu:s sig:i|c:t u:iqucuc:t quù: g:ouc
cc c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t ou c`clcvcs ;ou tous lcs clcvcs ou c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t, collcctivcuc:t, c:s u: ,s, :co:cu
uoi:s ositivcuc:t quc :c lò:t iit, c: uo,c::c, tous lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t ou clcvcs cc l`Dl Dc uùc, lcs vlcu:s
ositivcs i:ciquc:t quù: g:ouc c`clcvcs ou cc c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t :co:cu lus ivo:|lcuc:t, ou lus ositivcuc:t, quc
:c lò:t iit c: uo,c::c lcs clcvcs ou lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t c:s lcs ,s cc l`Dl
D:s lcs ccsc:itio:s suiv:tcs, lcs tc:ucs |gu::t c:t:c lcs s,u|olcs ~ o:t ctc :culccs : u: cquivlc:t :o:ic c:s
lcs vc:sio:s :tio:lcs ccs qucstio::i:cs clcvc ct ct|lisscuc:t Ai:si, l`cx:cssio: ciluc cc :ivcu lIl .A~
ctc t:cuitc ux lttsD:is : lc|clo:`s Dcg:cc, ostg:cutc cc:ti|ctc :og:u, \stc:`s ccg:cc :og:u o: |:st
:oicssio:l ccg:cc :og:u Dc uùc, u luxcu|ou:g, l`cx:cssio: cou:s c: l:guc cc l`cvlutio:~ ctc t:cuitc
:cscctivcuc:t : cou:s c`llcu:c ct cou:s cc i::is sclo: quc l`ctuci:t :cccvit l vc:sio: llcu:cc ou i::isc
cu utc:icl c`cvlutio:
Voi: lc roc. ..|.o. ti:+ 2 u su|ct cc l ||ilitc ccs i:ciccs
#ARACTRISTIQUESETMILIEUFAMILIALDESLVES
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lcs clcvcs o:t ctc i:vitcs :co:c:c l qucstio: D`||itucc, qui vit vcc vous l uiso: lcs :co:scs o:t ctc
:cg:ouccs c: qut:c ctcgo:ics .) jom:lle monoporentole ;lcs clcvcs cccl:c:t viv:c vcc lù:c ccs c:so::cs suiv:tcs
uc:c, c:c, tut:icc ou tutcu:, , ..) jom:lle nncleo:re ;lcs clcvcs cccl:c:t viv:c vcc lcu:s c:c ct uc:c, , ...) jom:lle m:xte ;lcs
clcvcs cccl:c:t viv:c vcc lcu: c:c ct u:c ut:c icuuc ou lcu: uc:c ct u: ut:c |ouuc ou vcc ccux tutcu:s, , .) ontres
comI:no:sons
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lcs clcvcs o:t ctc :ics cì:ciquc: lc :ou|:c cc lcu:s i:c:cs ct sou:s lus |cu:cs, lus gcs ou cu uùc gc lcs :l,scs
cxosccs u c|it:c cuuulc:t lcs c|iii:cs :cltiis c|quc ctcgo:ic
A::lXl A1
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0AYSDORIGINE
lcs clcvcs o:t ctc :ics cì:ciquc: si lcu: c:c, lcu: uc:c ct cuxuùcs so:t :cs c:s lc ,s cvluc ou c:s u: ut:c ,s
lcs :co:scs o:t ctc :cg:ouccs c: t:ois ctcgo:ics .) lcs clcvcs ontocntones ;c`cstci:c lcs clcvcs :cs c:s lc ,s cc
l`cvlutio: ct co:t u: :c:t u uoi:s cst :c c:s cc ,s, , ..) lcs clcvcs cc l prem:re qenerot:on ;lcs clcvcs :cs c:s
lc ,s cc l`cvlutio:, uis co:t lcs :c:ts so:t :cs c:s u: ut:c ,s, , ...) lcs clcvcs ollocntones ;lcs clcvcs :cs c:s u:
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,ANGUEPARLELAMAISON
lcs clcvcs o:t ctc :ics cì:ciquc: si l l:guc quìls :lic:t lc lus souvc:t l uiso: cst l l:guc cc l`cvlutio:, u:c ut:c
l:guc :tio:lc oi|cicllc ou u: cilcctc :tio:l, ou u:c ut:c l:guc lcs :co:scs o:t ctc :cg:ouccs c: ccux ctcgo:ics
.) l l:guc l lus souvc:t :lcc l uiso: cst ciiic:c:tc cc l l:guc cc l`cvlutio:, cùt:cs l:gucs :tio:lcs oi|cicllcs ct
cùt:cs l:gucs ou cilcctcs :tio:ux , ..) l l:guc l lus souvc:t :lcc l uiso: cst l l:guc cc l`cvlutio:, u:c ut:c
l:guc :tio:lc oi|cicllc, ou c:co:c u: ut:c cilcctc :tio:l ou u:c ut:c l:guc :tio:lc
3TATUTCONOMIQUESOCIALETCULTUREL
lcs clcvcs o:t ctc :ics cc couuu:iquc: l :oicssio: cc lcu:s c:c ct uc:c ct cc c|oisi: :ui lcs otio:s suiv:tcs ou:
c|cu: ccs ccux :c:ts u: t:vil :cuu:c:c tcus lci: , u: t:vil :cuu:c:c tcus :ticl , :c t:villc s,
uis c|c:c|c u: culoi , ut:cs lcs :co:scs l qucstio: ouvc:tc o:t ctc coci|ccs co:io:ucuc:t l lssi|ctio:
i:tc::tio:lc t,c ccs :oicssio:s ;lIl 1--,
l`:nJ:ce soc:o-econom:qne :nternot:onol Je stotnt projess:onnel ;lll, cu llA ctc cc:ivc ccs :co:scs ccs clcvcs ux
qucstio:s o:t:t su: l :oicssio: ccs :c:ts ct i:cicc :cg:ouc lcs tt:i|uts ccs :oicssio:s qui c:ucttc:t cc co:vc:ti:
c: :cvc:u lc :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t ccs :c:ts ll ctc clculc su: l |sc cù:c |ic::c|istio: otiulc ccs g:oucs cc
:oicssio:s |: cc uxiuisc: l`ciict i:ci:cct cu :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t su: lcs :cvc:us : lì:tc:uccii:c cc l :oicssio:
ct cc ui:iuisc: l`ciict ci:cct cu :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t su: lc :cvc:u, |st:ctio: iitc cc l :oicssio: ;lc tout s:s :isc c:
co:sicc:tio: cc l`gc, ll co:vic:t cc sc :cic:c: lòuv:gc cc G:zc|oou . o! ;1--!, ou: cv:tgc cì:io:utio:s su: l
uct|ocologic utiliscc lì:cicc sociocco:ouiquc i:tc::tio:l cc sttut :oicssio::cl :ctc:u c:s lc llA cst |sc soit su: l
:oicssio: cu c:c, soit su: ccllc cc l uc:c, sclo: lqucllc lc sttut lc lus clcvc
lcs vlcu:s cc cct i:cicc so:t cou:iscs c:t:c 0 ct -0 lcs vlcu:s ii|lcs i:ciquc:t u: sttut sociocco:ouiquc i:ic:icu:, ct lcs
vlcu:s clcvccs, u: sttut sociocco:ouiquc suc:icu:
l`:nJ:ce Je stotnt econom:qne, soc:ol et cnltnrel Jn 1Ix+ ctc c:cc ou: cc::c: ccs sccts lics l situtio: iuililc ct u
uilicu ccs clcvcs, c: coulcuc:t u scul sttut :oicssio::cl ct i:cicc cst |sc su: ciiic:c:tcs v:i|lcs, svoi: l`l:cicc socio
cco:ouiquc i:tc::tio:l cc sttut :oicssio::cl ;lll, ;voi: lc t|lcu o1, , lc :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t lc lus clcvc ccs :c:ts cc
l`clcvc, co:vc:ti c: ::ccs c`ctuccs ;voi: lc t|lcu o ou: ccs co::ccs su: lc :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t ccs :c:ts , voi: lc t|lcu A11
ou: l co:vc:sio: ccs coci|cic:ts, , lì:cicc llA cc :ic|cssc iuililc ;voi: lc t|lcu o!, , lì:cicc llA cc :cssou:ccs ccuctivcs
l uiso: ct lì:cicc llA cc t:iuoi:c cultu:cl clssiquc l uiso: ;voi: lc t|lcu o!, l`lll cst l couos:tc :i:cilc ccs
ictcu:s c:uuc:cs ciccssus lì:cicc s`:ticulc utou: cù:c uo,c::c |xcc 0 ct cù: cc:t t,c |xc 1
l:ui ccs couos:tcs, lcs cvc:tucllcs co::ccs u:qu:tcs o:tc:t lc lus souvc:t su: l`l:cicc sociocco:ouiquc i:tc::tio:l cc
sttut :oicssio::cl ;lll,, su: lc :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t ccs :c:ts ou su: lcs ccux v:i|lcs `cst ou:quoi ccs :l,scs icto:icllcs
sc:ccs o:t ctc c:t:c:iscs ou: tous lcs clcvcs co:t lcs co::ccs so:t vliccs ou: .) lì:cicc sociocco:ouiquc i:tc::tio:l cc sttut
:oicssio::cl, lì:cicc cc :ic|cssc iuililc, lì:cicc cc :cssou:ccs ccuctivcs l uiso: ct lì:cicc cc t:iuoi:c cultu:cl clssiquc
l uiso: , ..) lc :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t ccs :c:ts, lì:cicc cc :ic|cssc iuililc, lì:cicc cc :cssou:ccs ccuctivcs l uiso: ct
lì:cicc cc t:iuoi:c cultu:cl l uiso: , ...) lì:cicc cc :ic|cssc iuililc, lì:cicc cc :cssou:ccs ccuctivcs l uiso: ct lì:cicc
cc t:iuoi:c cultu:cl l uiso: D: sco:c ctc tt:i|uc ux clcvcs c: io:ctio: cu voluuc cc co::ccs ciso:i|lcs ou: ut:t quc
t:ois v:i|lcs u uoi:s soic:t cocuuc:tccs l: l::cc, l ||ilitc ccs :co:scs c`clcvcs ux qucstio:s o:t:t su: l :oicssio: ct lc
:ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t ccs :c:ts suscitc c:co:c quclqucs qucstio:s ;voi: l:ll, 1---,
.IVEAUDENSEIGNEMENTDESPARENTS
lcs clcvcs o:t ctc :ics cc clssc: lc :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t uxiuuu cc lcu:s c:c ct uc:c c: io:ctio: ccs cilucs
:tio:ux lcu:s :co:scs o:t c:suitc ctc coci|ccs co:io:ucuc:t l lssi|ctio: i:tc::tio:lc t,c cc l`ccuctio: ;lIl,
1--, |: cc co:stituc: ccs ctcgo:ics cou:|lcs su: lc l: i:tc::tio:l c: utic:c cc :ivcu c`c:scig:cuc:t lcs clcvcs
A::lXl A1
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Niveau dènseignement des parents convertis en nombre dànnes d`tudes
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cycie une entre immdiate iènseignement (enseignement
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o:t c|oisi u:c ctcgo:ic :ui ccllcs :ctc:ucs ilcllc :` s i:cquc:tc l`ccolc , ilcllc u:iqucuc:t tc:ui:c lc :ivcu
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)NTRTDESPARENTS
lì:cicc llA cc commnn:cot:on cnltnrelle cst cc:ivc ccs :co:scs ccs clcvcs ccs qucstio:s co:cc:::t l i:cquc:cc
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ccoutc:t cc l uusiquc clssiquc vcc cux
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lì:cicc llA cc commnn:cot:on soc:ole cst cc:ivc ccs :co:scs ccs clcvcs ccs qucstio:s co:cc:::t l i:cquc:cc lqucllc
lcu:s :c:ts ;ou tutcu:s, ciscutc:t cc lcu:s :csultts scoli:cs vcc cux, :c::c:t lc :cs :i:cil ~ vcc cux utou: cù:c
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scui:c cs ccux i:ciccs o:t ctc clculcs :ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut
0ARTICIPATIONDESCOURSSUPPLMENTAIRES
lcs clcvcs o:t ctc :ics cì:ciquc: sìl lcu: cst ::ivc, :iois ou :cgulic:cuc:t, Je sn:vre Jes conrs spec:onx ou: uclio:c:
lcu:s :csultts l`cxtc:icu: cc lcu: ct|lisscuc:t c`c:scig:cuc:t u cou:s ccs t:ois ::ccs :ccccc:tcs lcs clcvcs o:t
ctc clsscs c:s ccux ctcgo:ics c: io:ctio: cc lcu:s :co:scs .) lcs clcvcs qui suivc:t ccs cou:s scciux c: l:guc cc
l`cvlutio:~ ou c: cùt:cs utic:cs, ccs cou:s c`c::ic|isscuc:t ou cùt:cs cou:s coulcuc:ti:cs c: cc|o:s cc l`ccolc ct
..) lcs clcvcs qui suivc:t ccs cou:s cc :tt:gc c: l:guc cc l`cvlutio:~ ou c: cùt:cs utic:cs, tou|ou:s c: cc|o:s cc
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ou u: co:cc:t cc uusiquc clssiquc, ou llc: voi: u:c iccc cc t|ct:c lcs clcvcs o:t :co:cu ccttc qucstio: c: c|oisiss:t
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0ATRIMOINEFAMILIAL
lì:cicc llA cc r:cnesse jom:l:ole cst cc:ivc ccs :co:scs ccs clcvcs ux qucstio:s o:t:t su: .) l :csc:cc c|cz cux cù:
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clcult:iccs
lì:cicc llA cc potr:mo:ne cnltnrel closs:qne jom:l:ol cst cc:ivc ccs :co:scs ccs clcvcs ux qucstio:s o:t:t su:
l :csc:cc c|cz cux cc littc:tu:c clssiquc ;cxculcs uc:tio::cs,, cc :ccucils cc ocsic ct còuv:cs c`:t ;cxculcs
uc:tio::cs,
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!TTITUDESETSTRATGIESDAPPRENTISSAGE
'OTDESLVESPOURLALECTURE
lì:cicc llA cc qot ponr lo lectnre cst cc:ivc cc l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc lcs clcvcs ctic:t c`cco:c ou :o: vcc lcs
:oositio:s suiv:tcs c :c lis quc si |`, suis o|ligc;c, , l lcctu:c cst u: cc ucs loisi:s ivo:is , ìuc :lc: cc liv:cs
vcc cùt:cs c:so::cs , `c:ouvc ccs cii|cultcs |:i: lcs liv:cs , c suis co:tc:t;c, qu:c |c :cois u: liv:c c: cccu ,
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t:ouvc: lcs i:io:utio:s co:t |ì |csoi: ct c :c cux s :cstc: ssis;c, t::quillcuc:t li:c lus cc quclqucs ui:utcs
lcs clcvcs o:t liv:c lcu: sc:tiuc:t su: ccs :oositio:s c: c|oisiss:t u:c otio: :ui lcs qut:c qui co:stituc:t l`cc|cllc cc
:co:sc s cu tout c`cco:c , s c`cco:c , c`cco:c ct tout iit c`cco:c ct i:cicc ctc clculc :ti: cc
l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut
)NTRTDESLVESPOURLALECTURE
lì:cicc llA c`:ntert ponr lo lectnre cst cc:ivc cc l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc lcs clcvcs ctic:t c`cco:c ou :o: vcc lcs
:oositio:s suiv:tcs ouuc li:c cst g:c|lc, |c :c vouc:is s u`c: ssc: , c lis c:c:t ucs loisi:s ct Qu:c
|c lis, il ::ivc quc ccl u`|so:|c totlcuc:t lcs clcvcs o:t liv:c lcu: sc:tiuc:t su: ccs :oositio:s c: c|oisiss:t u:c
otio: :ui lcs qut:c qui co:stituc:t l`cc|cllc cc :co:sc s c`cco:c , lutt s c`cco:c , lutt c`cco:c ct
A::lXl A1
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c`cco:c ct i:cicc ctc clculc :ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut Voi: luuc:t . o! ;1--, ou: cv:tgc
cì:io:utio:s su: lcs sccts co:cctucls qui soustc:cc:t lì:cicc
)NTRTDESLVESPOURLESMATHMATIQUES
lì:cicc llA c`:ntert ponr les motnemot:qnes cst cc:ivc cc l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc lcs clcvcs ctic:t c`cco:c ou :o:
vcc lcs :oositio:s suiv:tcs Qu:c |c iis ccs ut|cutiqucs, :iois ccl u`|so:|c totlcuc:t , lou: uoi,
c:so::cllcuc:t, lcs ut|cutiqucs coutc:t |cucou ct ouuc ii:c ccs ut|cutiqucs cst g:c|lc, |c :c vouc:is
s u`c: ssc: lcs clcvcs o:t liv:c lcu: sc:tiuc:t su: ccs :oositio:s c: c|oisiss:t u:c otio: :ui lcs qut:c qui
co:stituc:t l`cc|cllc cc :co:sc s c`cco:c , lutt s c`cco:c , lutt c`cco:c ct c`cco:c ct i:cicc
ctc clculc :ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut Voi: luuc:t . o! ;1--, ou: cv:tgc cì:io:utio:s su: lcs
sccts co:cctucls qui soustc:cc:t lì:cicc
3TRATGIESDECONTRLE
lì:cicc llA cc stroteq:es Je contrle cst cc:ivc cc l i:cquc:cc lqucllc lcs clcvcs utilisc:t lcs st:tcgics suiv:tcs lo:squìls
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quc |ì :is , `cssic cc :cc:c: lcs :otio:s quc |c :ì s c:co:c |ic: cou:iscs , c u`ssu:c cc |ic: :ctc:i: lcs clcuc:ts
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|uis , :iois , souvc:t ct :csquc tou|ou:s ct i:cicc ctc clculc :ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut
Voi: luuc:t . o! ;1--+, ou: cv:tgc cì:io:utio:s su: lcs sccts co:cctucls qui soustc:cc:t lì:cicc
-MORISATION
lì:cicc llA cc stroteq:es Je memor:sot:on cst cc:ivc cc l i:cquc:cc lqucllc lcs clcvcs utilisc:t lcs st:tcgics suiv:tcs lo:squìls
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cc u:ic:c svoi: lc :ccitc: ct c u`c:t:i:c c: uc :cct:t lc su|ct lusicu:s iois cc suitc lcs clcvcs o:t liv:c lcu: sc:tiuc:t
su: ccs :oositio:s c: c|oisiss:t u:c otio: :ui lcs qut:c qui co:stituc:t l`cc|cllc cc :co:sc :csquc |uis , :iois ,
souvc:t ct :csquc tou|ou:s ct i:cicc ctc clculc :ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut Voi: luuc:t . o! ;1--+, ct
li:t:ic| . o! ;1--!, ou: cv:tgc cì:io:utio:s su: lcs sccts co:cctucls qui soustc:cc:t lì:cicc
LABORATION
lì:cicc llA cc stroteq:es JèloIorot:on cst cc:ivc cc l i:cquc:cc lqucllc lcs clcvcs utilisc:t lcs st:tcgics suiv:tcs
lo:squìls ctucic:t `cssic cc ii:c lc lic: c:t:c lcs :ouvcllcs :otio:s ct cc quc |ì :is c:s cùt:cs utic:cs , `cssic
cc voi: couuc:t ccl ou::it sc:vi: c:s l vic , `cssic cc uicux cou:c:c:c lc co:tc:u c: lc uctt:t c: :cltio: vcc
cc quc |c sis cc| ct `cssic cc voi: couuc:t cc quc |`:c:cs sì:tcg:c c:s cc quc |c sis cc| lcs clcvcs o:t liv:c
lcu: sc:tiuc:t su: ccs :oositio:s c: c|oisiss:t u:c otio: :ui lcs qut:c qui co:stituc:t l`cc|cllc cc :co:sc :csquc
|uis , :iois , souvc:t ct :csquc tou|ou:s ct i:cicc ctc clculc :ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus
|ut Voi: luuc:t . o! ;1--+, ou: cv:tgc cì:io:utio:s su: lcs sccts co:cctucls qui soustc:cc:t lì:cicc
!PPRENTISSAGEENCOLLABORATIONETAPPRENTISSAGECOMPTITIF
lì:cicc llA còpprent:ssoqe en colloIorot:on cst cc:ivc cc l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc lcs clcvcs ctic:t c`cco:c ou :o: vcc
lcs :oositio:s suiv:tcs ìuc t:villc: vcc cùt:cs clcvcs , `:c:cs lus qu:c |c t:villc vcc cùt:cs clcvcs ,
c iis u: ucillcu: t:vil qu:c |c t:villc vcc cùt:cs clcvcs , ìuc icc: cùt:cs c:so::cs ii:c cu |o: t:vil c:
g:ouc ct `cst utilc, qu:c o: t:villc u: :o|ct, cc cou|i:c: lcs icccs cc c|cu: lcs clcvcs o:t liv:c lcu: sc:tiuc:t
su: ccs :oositio:s c: c|oisiss:t u:c otio: :ui lcs qut:c qui co:stituc:t l`cc|cllc cc :co:sc s c`cco:c , lutt
s c`cco:c , lutt c`cco:c ct c`cco:c ct i:cicc ctc clculc :ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut Voi:
wc:s ct l::cs ;1--!, ou: cv:tgc cì:io:utio:s su: lcs sccts co:cctucls qui soustc:cc:t lì:cicc
lì:cicc llA còpprent:ssoqe compet:t:j cst cc:ivc cc l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc lcs clcvcs ctic:t c`cco:c ou :o: vcc lcs :oositio:s
suiv:tcs ìuc css,c: c``t:c ucillcu: quc lcs ut:cs , c t:villc |ic: qu:c |`cssic c``t:c ucillcu: quc lcs ut:cs , c vouc:is
`t:c lc ucillcu: c: quclquc c|osc ct `:c:cs lus vitc qu:c |`cssic cc ii:c uicux quc lcs ut:cs lcs clcvcs o:t liv:c lcu:
sc:tiuc:t su: ccs :oositio:s c: c|oisiss:t u:c otio: :ui lcs qut:c qui co:stituc:t l`cc|cllc cc :co:sc s c`cco:c , lutt
s c`cco:c , lutt c`cco:c ct c`cco:c ct i:cicc ctc clculc :ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut Voi: wc:s
ct l::cs ;1--!, ou: cv:tgc cì:io:utio:s su: lcs sccts co:cctucls qui soustc:cc:t lì:cicc
A::lXl A1
!+!
)MAGEDESOIENLECTURE
lì:cicc llA c`:moqe Je so: en lectnre cst cc:ivc cc l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc lcs clcvcs ctic:t c`cco:c ou :o: vcc lcs
:oositio:s suiv:tcs c suis c:cu ux cou:s cc l:guc cc l`cvlutio:~ , `:c:cs :iccuc:t cc qui co:cc::c lcs
cou:s cc l:guc cc l`cvlutio:~ ct ì cc |o::cs :otcs c: l:guc cc l`cvlutio:~ lcs clcvcs o:t liv:c lcu: sc:tiuc:t
su: ccs :oositio:s c: c|oisiss:t u:c otio: :ui lcs qut:c qui co:stituc:t l`cc|cllc cc :co:sc s c`cco:c , lutt
s c`cco:c , lutt c`cco:c ct c`cco:c ct i:cicc ctc clculc :ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut Voi:
\:s| . o! ;1--!, ou: cv:tgc cì:io:utio:s su: lcs sccts co:cctucls qui soustc:cc:t lì:cicc
)MAGEDESOIENMATHMATIQUES
lì:cicc llA c`:moqe Je so: en motnemot:qnes cst cc:ivc cc l ucsu:c c:s lqucllc lcs clcvcs ctic:t c`cco:c ou :o:
vcc lcs :oositio:s suiv:tcs ì cc |o::cs :otcs c: ut|cutiqucs , lcs ut|cutiqucs so:t lù: cc ucs oi:ts
io:ts ct ì tou|ou:s ctc |o: c: ut|cutiqucs lcs clcvcs o:t liv:c lcu: sc:tiuc:t su: ccs :oositio:s c: c|oisiss:t u:c
otio: :ui lcs qut:c qui co:stituc:t l`cc|cllc cc :co:sc s c`cco:c , lutt s c`cco:c , lutt c`cco:c ct
c`cco:c ct i:cicc ctc clculc :ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut Voi: \:s| . o! ;1--!, ou: cv:tgc
cì:io:utio:s su: lcs sccts co:cctucls qui soustc:cc:t lì:cicc
)NTRTPOURLINFORMATIQUE
lì:cicc llA c`:ntert ponr l`:njormot:qne cst cc:ivc ccs :cctio:s ccs clcvcs ux :oositio:s I:villc: su: o:ci:tcu:
cst t:cs iuo:t:t ou: uoi , ouc: ou t:villc: su: o:ci:tcu: cst t:cs g:c|lc , c uc sc:s cc lò:ci:tcu: :cc quc
ccl uì:tc:cssc |cucou ct Qu:c |c t:villc su: o:ci:tcu:, |c :c vois s lc tcus ssc: D:c cc|cllc cc :co:sc
ccux otio:s ctc utiliscc oui ct :o: ct i:cicc ctc clculc :ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut Voi:
lig:o: . o! ;1--, ou: cv:tgc cì:io:utio:s su: lcs sccts co:cctucls qui soustc:cc:t lì:cicc
#ONFIANCEENSOIETCAPACITUTILISERLESORDINATEURS
lì:cicc llA cc cononce en so: et Je copoc:te nt:l:ser les orJ:notenrs cst cc:ivc ccs :co:scs ccs clcvcs ux qucstio:s
suiv:tcs Vous sc:tczvous lìsc ou: utilisc: u: o:ci:tcu: Vous sc:tczvous lìsc ou: :ccigc: u: t:vil su:
o:ci:tcu: , c:iczvous lìsc ou: ssc: u: tcst : o:ci:tcu: ct l: cou:iso: vcc lcs ut:cs |cu:cs cc 1. :s,
couuc:t |ugc:iczvous vot:c titucc vous sc:vi: cù: o:ci:tcu: lcs clcvcs o:t :co:cu ccs qucstio:s c: c|oisiss:t
u:c otio: :ui lcs qut:c qui co:stituc:t l`cc|cllc cc :co:sc tout iit lìsc , lìsc , s c:tic:cuc:t lìsc
ct s cu tout lìsc ou: lcs t:ois :cuic:cs qucstio:s ct cxccllc:tc , |o::c , uo,c::c ct uccioc:c ou:
l cc::ic:c qucstio: ct i:cicc ctc clculc :ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut Voi: lig:o: . o! ;1--, ou:
cv:tgc cì:io:utio:s su: lcs sccts co:cctucls qui soustc:cc:t lì:cicc
4EMPSCONSACRAUXDEVOIRS
lì:cicc llA cc temps consocre onx Jevo:rs cst cc:ivc ccs :co:scs ccs clcvcs u:c qucstio: o:t:t su: lc tcus quìls
co:sc:c:t : scui:c lcu:s ccvoi:s c: l:guc cc l`cvlutio:~, c: ut|cutiqucs ct c: scic:ccs lcs clcvcs o:t :co:cu
ccs qucstio:s c: c|oisiss:t u:c otio: :ui lcs qut:c qui co:stituc:t l`cc|cllc cc :co:sc s cc tcus cu tout , uoi:s
cù:c |cu:c : scui:c , c:t:c u:c ct t:ois |cu:cs : scui:c ct t:ois |cu:cs : scui:c ou lus ct i:cicc ctc
clculc :ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut
0OLITIQUESETPRATIQUESDESTABLISSEMENTSDENSEIGNEMENT
2ECOURSAUXVALUATIONSDESLVES
lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t o:t i:ciquc l i:cquc:cc lqucllc lcs |cu:cs cc 1. :s cc lcu: ct|lisscuc:t ctic:t cvlucs ct icc:ti|c
lcs i:st:uuc:ts utiliscs cct ciict lcs c:cuvcs st:c:cisccs, lcs c:cuvcs uiscs u oi:t : lcs c:scig::ts, lcs :ccitio:s
i:io:ucllcs iou::ics : lcs c:scig::ts, lcs cossic:s i:civicucls~ ccs clcvcs ou lcs t:vux:cc|c:c|csccvoi:s iits l uiso:
: lcs clcvcs lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t o:t :ccisc qucllc i:cquc:cc c|cu: cc ccs i:st:uuc:ts ctit utilisc c: c|oisiss:t u:c
otio: :ui lcs ci:q qui co:stituc:t l`cc|cllc cc :co:sc |uis , u:c iois : : , ccux iois : : , t:ois iois : :
ct qut:c iois : : ou lus lls o:t cglcuc:t i:ciquc si l`cvlutio: ccs clcvcs cc 1. :s sc:vit cou:c: lcs c:io:u:ccs
cc lcu: ct|lisscuc:t ccllcs cu cist:ict~ ou ux c:io:u:ccs :tio:lcs~, co:t:lc: lcs :og:cs cc l`ct|lisscuc:t c`::cc
c: ::cc ou o:tc: ccs |ugcuc:ts su: l`ci|ccitc ccs c:scig::ts
lì:cicc llA cc reconrs onx evolnot:ons jormelles cst cc:ivc cc cccl:tio:s ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t o:t:t su: l
i:cquc:cc cc l`cui:ist:tio: c`c:cuvcs st:c:cisccs ct su: l`cxloittio: cc ccs cvlutio:s ct i:cicc ctc clculc
A::lXl A1
!++
:ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut Dcs vlcu:s clcvccs cc cct i:cicc ccsig:c:t lcs ct|lisscuc:ts ou l`cvlutio:
st:c:ciscc cst l:gcuc:t utiliscc couuc i:st:uuc:t cc suivi
lì:cicc llA cc reconrs onx evolnot:ons :njormelles cst cc:ivc cc cccl:tio:s ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t o:t:t su: l
i:cquc:cc cc lùtilistio: ccs c:cuvcs uiscs u oi:t : lcs c:scig::ts, ccs :ccitio:s i:io:ucllcs iou::ics : lcs
c:scig::ts, ccs cossic:s i:civicucls~ ccs clcvcs ou ccs t:vux:cc|c:c|csccvoi:s iits l uiso: : lcs clcvcs, i:si quc
cc lcu:s cccl:tio:s su: l`cxloittio: cc ccs cvlutio:s ct i:cicc ctc clculc :ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus
|ut Dcs vlcu:s clcvccs cc cct i:cicc co::cso:cc:t ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ou l`cvlutio: i:io:ucllc cst l:gcuc:t utiliscc
couuc i:st:uuc:t cc suivi
!UTONOMIEDESTABLISSEMENTSETDESENSEIGNANTS
lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t o:t ctc :ics cì:ciquc: qui c:scig::ts, sousci:cctcu:sci:cctcu:s c|oi:ts:oviscu:s, c|ci
c`ct|lisscuc:t, co:scil cc ci:cctio: :ouuc ou clu, ou cc |utcs uto:itcs c|:gccs cc l`c:scig:cuc:t i:cou|ic:t
:i:cilcuc:t lcs :cso:s|ilitcs suiv:tcs c:ggc: lcs c:scig::ts, co:gccic: lcs c:scig::ts, cctc:ui:c: lc sli:c i:itil ccs
c:scig::ts, ct|li: lc |ucgct cc l`ct|lisscuc:t, cccicc: cc l vc:tiltio: cu |ucgct c:s l`ct|lisscuc:t, cc|:i: lc :cglcuc:t
i:tc:icu: ou: lcs clcvcs, cc|:i: lcs olitiqucs c`cvlutio: ccs clcvcs, cccicc: cc l`cuissio: ccs clcvcs c:s l`ct|lisscuc:t,
c|oisi: lcs u:ucls utilisc:, cctc:ui:c: lc co:tc:u ccs cou:s ct cccicc: qucls cou:s coivc:t `t:c :ooscs
lì:cicc llA còntonom:e Jes etoIl:ssements utilisc u c|it:c cst cc:ivc cu :ou|:c cc ctcgo:ics cc :cso:s|ilitc quc
lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cisc:t :``t:c s cu :csso:t ccs ct|lisscuc:ts l`cc|cllc c:suitc ctc i:vc:scc cc so:tc quc lcs vlcu:s
clcvccs cì:cicc i:ciquc:t u: ccg:c iuo:t:t cùto:ouic
lì:cicc llA còntonom:e Jes ense:qnonts utilisc u c|it:c cst cc:ivc cu :ou|:c cc ctcgo:ics cc :cso:s|ilitc quc lcs
c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t cisc:t i:cou|c: :i:cilcuc:t ux c:scig::ts
cs i:ciccs o:t ctc clculcs :ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut
&ORMATIONCONTINUEDUPERSONNEL
lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t o:t i:ciquc lc ou:cc:tgc ccs c:scig::ts qui o:t :ticic ccs proqrommes Je jormot:on
cont:nne l: io:utio: co:ti:uc, o: c:tc:c u: :og:uuc oi|cicl, ccsti:c uclio:c: lcs couctc:ccs ou lcs :tiqucs
ccgogiqucs ccs c:scig::ts c :og:uuc cut `t:c s:ctio::c : u:c cc:ti|ctio: :cco::uc ou :o: D:s lc cc:c cc
ccttc qucstio:, u: :og:uuc coit cu:c: u uoi:s u:c |ou::cc coulctc ct o:tc: su: l`c:scig:cuc:t ct l`ccuctio:
&ACTEURSTROUBLANTLECLIMATDELTABLISSEMENTETIMPUTABLESAUXENSEIGNANTSSELONLECHEFDTABLISSEMENT
lì:cicc llA ccs joctenrs tronIlont le cl:mot Je lètoIl:ssement et :mpntoIles onx ense:qnonts, selon le cnej
JètoIl:ssement cst cc:ivc ccs :co:scs ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t ux qucstio:s D:s vot:c ct|lisscuc:t, c:s qucllc
ucsu:c l`:c:tissgc ccs clcvcs cc 1. :s cstil g`:c : lc :ivcu t:o |s ccs ttc:tcs ccs c:scig::ts, : ccs :cltio:s
uccioc:cs c:t:c clcvcs ct c:scig::ts, : lcs c:scig::ts qui :c :c:co:t:c:t s lcs |csoi:s i:civicucls ccs clcvcs, :
l`|sc:tcisuc ccs c:scig::ts, : l :csist:cc u c|:gcuc:t cu c:so::cl, : u:c scvc:itc cxccssivc ccs c:scig::ts
l`cg:c ccs clcvcs ou : lc iit quc lcs clcvcs :c so:t s c:cou:gcs co::c: l lci:c ucsu:c cc lcu:s ccitcs lcs c|cis
c`ct|lisscuc:t o:t liv:c lcu: sc:tiuc:t su: ccs :oositio:s c: c|oisiss:t u:c otio: :ui lcs qut:c qui co:stituc:t l`cc|cllc
cc :co:sc s cu tout , t:cs cu , c:s u:c cc:ti:c ucsu:c ct |cucou ct i:cicc ctc clculc :ti: cc
l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut l`cc|cllc ctc i:vc:scc cc so:tc quc lcs vlcu:s cu clcvccs cc cct i:cicc cc:otc:t u:
ict:c cliut cc ciscili:c
-ORALETENGAGEMENTDESENSEIGNANTSSELONLECHEFDTABLISSEMENT
lì:cicc llA cu morol et Je lènqoqement Jes ense:qnonts selon le cnej JètoIl:ssement cst cc:ivc cc l ucsu:c c:s
lqucllc lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t ctic:t c`cco:c ou :o: vcc lcs :oositio:s suiv:tcs lc uo:l cst t:cs |o: c:s cct
ct|lisscuc:t , lcs c:scig::ts :c::c:t lcu: t:vil t:cs cou: , lcs c:scig::ts so:t |c:s cc cct ct|lisscuc:t
ct lcs c:scig::ts ttc|c:t |cucou cìuo:t:cc l :cussitc ccs clcvcs lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t o:t liv:c lcu:
sc:tiuc:t su: ccs :oositio:s c: c|oisiss:t u:c otio: :ui lcs qut:c qui co:stituc:t l`cc|cllc cc :co:sc s cu tout
c`cco:c , s c`cco:c , c`cco:c ct tout iit c`cco:c ct i:cicc ctc clculc :ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\
ccc:it lus |ut
A::lXl A1
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0NURIEDENSEIGNANTS
lì:cicc llA cc pennr:e Jènse:qnonts cst cc:ivc ccs :co:scs ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t l qucstio: D:s vot:c
ct|lisscuc:t, l`:c:tissgc ccs clcvcs cc 1. :s cstil g`:c : u:c c:u:ic ou u:c i:ccqutio: ccs c:scig::ts, c: gc:c:l,
ou c: l:guc cc l`cvlutio:~, ut|cutiqucs ou scic:ccs c: :ticulic: ct i:cicc ctc clculc :ti: cc l`cstiutcu:
WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut l`cc|cllc ccs otio:s cc :co:sc ctc i:vc:scc cc so:tc quc lcs vlcu:s cu clcvccs cc cct i:cicc
cc:otc:t u: :o|lcuc cc c:u:ic c`c:scig::ts
0RATIQUESPDAGOGIQUES
3OUTIENDESENSEIGNANTS
lì:cicc llA cc sont:en Jes ense:qnonts cst cc:ivc ccs :co:scs ccs clcvcs ux qucstio:s o:t:t su: l i:cquc:cc lqucllc
lc :oicsscu: sì:tc:cssc ux :og:cs cc c|quc clcvc , lc :oicsscu: co::c ux clcvcs lòccsio: c`cx:iuc: lcu:s
oi:io:s , lc :oicsscu: icc lcs clcvcs c:s lcu: t:vil , lc :oicsscu: co:ti:uc cxliquc: |usqu` cc quc lcs clcvcs ic:t
cou:is , lc :oicsscu: sì:vcstit |cucou ou: icc: lcs clcvcs ct lc :oicsscu: icc lcs clcvcs c:s lcu: :c:tissgc
lcs clcvcs o:t liv:c lcu: sc:tiuc:t su: ccs :oositio:s c: c|oisiss:t u:c otio: :ui lcs qut:c qui co:stituc:t l`cc|cllc cc
:co:sc |uis , :iois , l lu:t ccs cou:s ct c|quc cou:s ct i:cicc ctc clculc :ti: cc l`cstiutcu:
WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut ;W:u, 1-.,
#LIMATDEDISCIPLINE
lì:cicc llA cc cl:mot Je J:sc:pl:ne cst cc:ivc ccs :co:scs ccs clcvcs ux qucstio:s o:t:t su: l i:cquc:cc ccs situtio:s
suiv:tcs c:s lcs cou:s cc l:guc cc l`cvlutio:~ lc :oicsscu: coit ttc:c:c u: lo:g uouc:t v:t quc lcs clcvcs sc
cluc:t~ , lcs clcvcs :c cuvc:t s |ic: t:villc: , lcs clcvcs :`ccoutc:t s cc quc cit lc :oicsscu: , lcs clcvcs :c
couuc:cc:t t:villc: quc |ic: :cs lc cc|ut ccs cou:s , ll , cu |:uit ct cc l`gittio: ct Au cc|ut cu cou:s, lus cc
ci:q ui:utcs sc ssc:t s:s quò: :c issc :ic: lcs clcvcs o:t liv:c lcu: sc:tiuc:t su: ccs :oositio:s c: c|oisiss:t u:c otio:
:ui lcs qut:c qui co:stituc:t l`cc|cllc cc :co:sc |uis , :iois , l lu:t ccs cou:s ct c|quc cou:s
l`cc|cllc cc :co:sc ctc i:vc:scc cc so:tc quc lcs vlcu:s cu clcvccs cc cct i:cicc i:ciquc:t u: ict:c cliut cc ciscili:c
lì:cicc llA cc percept:on Jes cnejs JètoIl:ssements qnont onx joctenrs tronIlont le cl:mot Je lètoIl:ssement et
:mpntoIles onx elves :ovic:t ccs :o:ts ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:ts su: lc iit quc l`:c:tissgc ccs clcvcs cc 1. :s c:s
lcu: ct|lisscuc:t ctit c:tu:|c : lcs ictcu:s suiv:ts l`|sc:tcisuc ccs clcvcs , lcs clcvcs qui c:tu:|c:t lcs cou:s , lcs clcvcs
qui scc|c:t lcs cou:s , lcs clcvcs qui u:quc:t cc :cscct c:vc:s lcs c:scig::ts , l co:souutio: c`lcool ou cc c:ogucs illcglcs ,
lcs clcvcs qui i:tiuicc:t ou |:utlisc:t cùt:cs clcvcs lcs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t o:t liv:c lcu: sc:tiuc:t su: ccs :oositio:s c:
c|oisiss:t u:c otio: :ui lcs qut:c qui co:stituc:t l`cc|cllc cc :co:sc s cu tout , t:cs cu , c:s u:c cc:ti:c
ucsu:c ct |cucou l`cc|cllc cc :co:sc ctc i:vc:scc cc so:tc quc lcs vlcu:s cu clcvccs cc cct i:cicc i:ciquc:t u: ict:c
cliut cc ciscili:c cs ccux i:ciccs o:t ctc clculcs :ti: cc l`cstiutcu: WAk\ ccc:it lus |ut
%NCOURAGEMENT
lì:cicc llA cènconroqement cst cc:ivc ccs :co:scs ccs clcvcs l qucstio: o:t:t su: l i:cquc:cc ccs situtio:s suiv:tcs
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Inormation sur ia popuiation et ies chantiiions Indices de couverture
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:cvuc u :ivcu :tio:l qui |gu:c l colo::c ! co::cso:c l oultio: cuissi|lc ciui:ucc cu :ou|:c c`clcvcs
cxclus o ..c..
D:s l coionne +, |gu:c lc :ou|:c c`clcvcs i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts qui o:t ctc cxclus cc l oultio: ci|lc
:cvuc u :ivcu :tio:l
D:s l coionne s, |gu:c l oultio: ci|lc :cvuc u :ivcu :tio:l, cccuctio: iitc cu :ou|:c c`clcvcs i:sc:its c:s
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cxclus, soit lc :csultt cc l soust:ctio: cu c|iii:c cc l colo::c + cu c|iii:c cc l colo::c !
D:s l coionne o, |gu:c lc ou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cxclus, c`cstci:c lc :csultt cc l
civisio: cu c|iii:c cc l colo::c + : cclui cc l colo::c !
D:s l coionne 1, |gu:c lc nomIre Jèlves qn: ont port:c:pe on cycle 1Ix+ 2uuu. ll , licu cc :otc: quc cc c|iii:c
:c cou:c:c s lcs clcvcs cc 1. :s cvlucs c:s lc cc:c còtio:s :tio:lcs sulcuc:ti:cs cs otio:s :tio:lcs
:c:csc:tc:t u: totl cc ! 10. clcvcs cc 1. :s sulcuc:ti:cs ou: l`c:scu|lc ccs ,s
D:s l coionne 8, |gu:c lc nomIre ponJere Jèlves port:c:ponts, c`cstci:c lc :ou|:c c`clcvcs cc l oultio:
ci|lc cc|:ic u :ivcu :tio:l quc l`cc|:tillo: llA :c:csc:tc
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Ious lcs ,s sc so:t ciio:ccs cò|tc:i: u:c couvc:tu:c uxiulc cc l oultio: ci|lc cu llA c:s l`cc|:tillo:
c`ct|lisscuc:ts D:s u: :cuic: tcus, tous lcs clcvcs cuissi|lcs c`cstci:c lcs clcvcs cc 1. :s qucllc quc soit
lcu: ::cc c`ctuccs cc c|quc ct|lisscuc:t cc l`cc|:tillo: o:t ctc :cc:to:ics lcs clcvcs qui ccvic:t `t:c cxclus
cc l`cc|:tillo: o:t c`|o:c ctc i:clus c:s l cocuuc:ttio: c`cc|:tillo::gc, ct u:c listc co:::t lcs uotiis cc lcu:
cxclusio: c:suitc ctc ct|lic D:s l coionne 9, |gu:c lc :ou|:c cèlves exclns, c`cstci:c ccux qui :tic::c:t
lù:c ccs ctcgo:ics cc|:ics ciccssus D:s l coionne 10, |gu:c lc nomIre ponJere Jèlves exclns, c`cstci:c lc
:ou|:c c`clcvcs quc :c:csc:tc:t lcs clcvcs cxclus c:s l oultio: ci|lc cc|:ic u :ivcu :tio:l
D:s l coionne 11, |gu:c lc ponrcentoqe Jèlves exclns on se:n Jes etoIl:ssements, qui co::cso:c u :csultt cc l
civisio: cu :ou|:c o:cc:c c`clcvcs cxclus ;colo::c 10, : lc :ou|:c o:cc:c c`clcvcs cxclus ct :tici:ts ;souuc
ccs c|iii:cs cc l colo::c ct cc l colo::c 10,
D:s l coionne 12, |gu:c lc tonx qloIol Jèxclns:on, c`cstci:c lc ou:cc:tgc o:cc:c ccs cxclusio:s cc l
oultio: ci|lc :cvuc u :ivcu :tio:l soit c`ct|lisscuc:ts, soit c`clcvcs u sci: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c ou:cc:tgc
cst clculc couuc suit lc ou:cc:tgc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cxclus ;colo::c o, cst uultilic : 100 uoi:s lc ou:cc:tgc
c`clcvcs cxclus u sci: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ;colo::c 11,, uis uguc:tc cu ou:cc:tgc c`clcvcs cxclus u sci: ccs
ct|lisscuc:ts ;colo::c 11,
D:s l coionne 11, |gu:c l`:nJ:ce Je convertnre Je lo popnlot:on c:Ile prevne on n:veon not:onol por
lècnont:llon 1Ix+ ct i:cicc cst cx:iuc c: ou:cc:tgc cc l oultio: ci|lc :cvuc u :ivcu :tio:l qui o:t
ctc couvc:ts lc l:csil, lc luxcu|ou:g ct l lolog:c so:t lcs sculs ,s c:s lcsqucls lcs cc|:tillo:s llA :c:csc:tc:t
uoi:s cc -. ou: cc:t cc l oultio: quc lc llA sou|itc couv:i: l: roiogne, lc tux c`cxclusio: voisi:c lcs
10 ou: cc:t, co:t o ou: cc:t :c:csc:tc:t lcs clcvcs cc 1. :s i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t
:iui:c l c:io:u:cc cc l lolog:c cst susccti|lc c``t:c lcgc:cuc:t su:cstiucc, c:s l ucsu:c ou il cst :o||lc
quc lc sco:c o|tc:u : ccs clcvcs c:s lcs cvlutio:s llA u:it ctc i:ic:icu: cclui ccs clcvcs cc 1. :s i:cquc:t:t
ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c`c:scig:cuc:t scco:ci:c l: :iso: cc lìuct cc ccttc cxclusio:, l ositio: cc l lolog:c cst
susccti|lc c``t:c su:cstiucc cc ccux ositio:s c:s lc clsscuc:t su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it ct
cc t:ois ositio:s su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c scic:ti|quc lc clsscuc:t cc l lolog:c su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc
:`cst s :cuis c: cusc lc Iuembourg :csc:tc u: tux c`cxclusio: cc -1 ou: cc:t, c: g::cc :tic iuut|lc u
:ou|:c c`clcvcs co:t l l:guc c`c:scig:cuc:t :`cst s ccllc cc l`cvlutio: u luxcu|ou:g lcs cxclusio:s uto:isccs
sc :c:tissc:t couuc suit ! clcvcs :csc:t:t ccs |csoi:s scciux c: ccuctio:, !- clcvcs i:sc:its l`lcolc
cu:occ::c, !! clcvcs i:sc:its lÀuc:ic: l:tc::tio:l c|ool, +. clcvcs i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts qui :c
ccc:cc:t s cu ui:istc:c cc l`lcuctio: ct 1+ clcvcs i:sc:its c:s cc ctits ct|lisscuc:ts ll :`, s cì:cictio:s
quc lcs cxclusio:s u luxcu|ou:g c:t:i:c:t u:c su:cstiutio: cc s ositio: u clsscuc:t su: lcs cc|cllcs llA l:ui
lcs ,s tic:s cc l`Dl, u Brsii lc tux c`cxclusio: u :ivcu ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ttci:t 1 ou: cc:t, co:t l lus
g::cc :tic tic:t ux clcvcs cc 1. :s i:sc:its c: .
c
ct c: o
c
::ccs ct qui :`:tic::c:t s l oultio: ci|lc cu
llA ll :`, s cì:cictio:s quc lcs cxclusio:s u l:csil c:t:i:c:t u:c su:cstiutio: cc s ositio: u clsscuc:t su:
lcs cc|cllcs llA Voi: lc roc. ..|.o. ti:+ 2 ou: cv:tgc cì:io:utio:s cc su|ct
D:s l coionne 1+, |gu:c l`:nJ:ce Je convertnre Jes ennes Je 1 ons scolor:ses por lècnont:llon 1Ix+. lì:cicc
ucsu:c l :oo:tio: glo|lc cc l oultio: :tio:lc ccs clcvcs scol:iscs qui cst couvc:tc : l :oo:tio: c`clcvcs :o:
cxclus cc l`cc|:tillo: c`clcvcs ll tic:t coutc l iois ccs cxclusio:s c`ct|lisscuc:ts ct c`clcvcs lcs vlcu:s :oc|cs
cc 100 i:ciquc:t quc l`cc|:tillo: llA :c:csc:tc l`c:scu|lc cu s,stcuc c`c:scig:cuc:t tcl quìl cst cc|:i ou: lc c,clc
llA !000 ct i:cicc co::cso:c u :ou|:c o:cc:c c`clcvcs :tici:ts ;colo::c -, civisc : lc :ou|:c o:cc:c
c`clcvcs :tici:ts ct cxclus ;souuc ccs c|iii:cs cc l colo::c - ct cc l colo::c 11, ct uultilic : l oultio: ci|lc
cc|:ic u :ivcu :tio:l ;colo::c ., civiscc : l oultio: ci|lc :cvuc u :ivcu :tio:l ;iois 100,
0ROCDURESDCHANTILLONNAGEETTAUXDERPONSE
l`cxctitucc ccs :csultts cù:c c:qu`tc, qucllc qu`cllc soit, ccc:c cc l qulitc ccs co::ccs su: lcsqucllcs lcs cc|:tillo:s
:tio:ux so:t |scs ct cu :cscct ccs :occcu:cs c`cc|:tillo::gc A lòccsio: cu c,clc llA !000, ccs :o:ucs cc qulitc,
ccs :occcu:cs, ccs i:st:uuc:ts ct ccs ucc:isucs cc vc:i|ctio: o:t ctc uis u oi:t c: vuc cc g::ti: l cou:|ilitc ccs
co::ccs gc:c:ccs : lcs cc|:tillo:s :tio:ux ct l ||ilitc ccs cou:iso:s cc :csultts
lcs cc|:tillo:s cu llA o:t ou: l lu:t ctc co:us couuc ccs cc|:tillo:s st:ti|cs ccux ccg:cs ;lcs cc|:tillo:s
co:us ciiic:cuuc:t so:t :csc:tcs c:s lc roc. ..|.o. ti:+ 2, lc :cuic: ccg:c o:tc su: l`cc|:tillo::gc ccs
ct|lisscuc:ts quc i:cquc:tc:t lcs clcvcs cc 1. :s lcs ct|lisscuc:ts o:t ctc cc|:tillo::cs s,stcutiqucuc:t sclo: ccs
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:o||ilitcs :oo:tio::cllcs u:c ciuc:sio: qui cst io:ctio: cu :ou|:c cstiuc c`clcvcs ;cc 1. :s, i:sc:its D:s c|quc
,s, 1.0 ct|lisscuc:ts u uoi:s ;si lc ,s c: coutc u uoi:s ut:t, o:t ctc sclcctio::cs D:s cc :ou|:cux cs, u:
cc|:tillo: lus g::c ctc iuosc ux |:s c`:l,scs :tio:lcs Dcs ct|lisscuc:ts cc :culccuc:t o:t ctc icc:ti|cs c:s
l`|,ot|csc ou u: ct|lisscuc:t cc|:tillo::c c|oisi:it cc :c s :ticic: u c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000
l: Isiande, u Iiechtenstein ct u Iuembourg, tous lcs ct|lisscuc:ts ct tous lcs clcvcs cuissi|lcs o:t ctc
cc|:tillo::cs Ioutciois, lcs c:cuvcs c`cvlutio: cc l cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:ti|quc :ò:t s ctc cui:ist:ccs tous
lcs clcvcs ccs cc|:tillo:s llA l: co:scquc:cc, lcs cc|:tillo:s :c:csc:tc:t u: :ccc:scuc:t cx|ustii ou: l`cvlutio: cc
l cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, uis :ticl ou: l`cvlutio: cc l cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:ti|quc
lcs cxc:ts cu co:so:tiuu llA o:t co:t:lc lc :occssus cc sclcctio: ccs cc|:tillo:s c:s tous lcs ,s :tici:ts
lc scco:c ccg:c cu :occssus c`cc|:tillo::gc o:tc su: l sclcctio: ccs clcvcs c:s lcs ct|lisscuc:ts cc l`cc|:tillo: D:c
iois lcs ct|lisscuc:ts c|oisis, l listc ccs clcvcs lcs i:cquc:t:t ctc c:csscc D:s ccttc listc, !. clcvcs o:t ctc sclcctio::cs
vcc :o||ilitcs cglcs ;tous lcs clcvcs o:t ctc sclcctio::cs si l listc co:tc:it uoi:s cc !. clcvcs i:sc:its,
l: vc:tu ccs :o:ucs cc qulitc ccs co::ccs c:s lc llA, ccs tux cc :ticitio: ui:iuuu so:t iuoscs, t:t ou: lcs
ct|lisscuc:ts quc ou: lcs clcvcs cs :o:ucs o:t ctc cl|o:ccs ou: ui:iuisc: lcs |iis otc:ticls c:s lcs :co:scs D:s lcs
,s ou ccs :o:ucs so:t :cscctccs, l`cvc:tucl |iis :csult:t cc :o::co:sc cst cc:sc `t:c :cgligc|lc, c`cstci:c i:ic:icu:
u:c c::cu: t,c c`cc|:tillo::gc
D: tux cc :co:sc cc . ou: cc:t ui:iuuu ctc iuosc ou: lcs ct|lisscuc:ts :tc::t l :cuic:c sclcctio:
Ioutciois, lo:squc lc tux i:itil cc :co:sc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts sc situit c:t:c o. ct . ou: cc:t, lc :ccou:s ux ct|lisscuc:ts
cc :culccuc:t c:uis cò|tc:i: u: tux cc :co:sc ccct|lc cttc :occcu:c couo:tc lc :isquc cc |iis cc :co:sc
cc:us `cst ou:quoi lcs ,s :tici:ts o:t ctc c:cou:gcs co:vi:c:c lc lus g::c :ou|:c ossi|lc c`ct|lisscuc:ts
cc l`cc|:tillo: i:itil :ticic: l`cvlutio: lcs ct|lisscuc:ts co:t lc tux cc :ticitio: ccs clcvcs cst cou:is c:t:c
!. ct .0 ou: cc:t :c so:t s co:sicc:cs couuc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts :tici:ts, uis lcu:s :csultts o:t ctc i:clus c:s l
|sc cc co::ccs ct o:t ctc :is c: co:sicc:tio: c:s lcs civc:scs cstiutio:s lcs :csultts ccs ct|lisscuc:ts co:t lc tux cc
:ticitio: ccs clcvcs cst i:ic:icu: !. ou: cc:t o:t ctc cxclus cc l |sc cc co::ccs
lo:s cu c,clc c`cvlutio: llA !000, u: tux cc :ticitio: ui:iuuu cc 0 ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs ccs ct|lisscuc:ts
:tici:ts ;cc|:tillo: c`ccolcs i:itil ct ct|lisscuc:ts cc :culccuc:t, ctc iuosc c tux cc :ticitio: ui:iuuu
|xc ccvit `t:c :cscctc u :ivcu :tio:l, ct s :cccssi:cuc:t c:s c|quc ct|lisscuc:t :tici:t Dcs sc:ccs cc
:tt:gc o:t ctc iuosccs c:s lcs ct|lisscuc:ts ou u: :ou|:c i:sui|s:t c`clcvcs :ticic ux sc:ccs c`cvlutio:
i:itilcs lcs tux cc :ticitio: ccs clcvcs so:t clculcs ou: tous lcs ct|lisscuc:ts :tici:ts, quìls |gu:c:t :ui
l`cc|:tillo: ou quìls soic:t ccs ct|lisscuc:ts cc :culccuc:t, su: |sc ccs clcvcs qui o:t :ticic ux sc:ccs i:itilcs
ct ux cvc:tucllcs sc:ccs cc :tt:gc lcs clcvcs qui :ò:t s :ticic ux sc:ccs c`cvlutio: i:itilcs :c so:t s
co:sicc:cs couuc clcvcs :tici:ts, uis lcu:s :csultts o:t ctc i:clus c:s l |sc cc co::ccs i:tc::tio:lc ct o:t ctc
:is c: co:sicc:tio: c:s lcs sttistiqucs :csc:tccs c:s cc :o:t ou: ut:t quìls ic:t :ticic l ccuxicuc sc:cc
c`cvlutio: ou quìls ic:t u uoi:s i:ciquc l :oicssio: cc lcu: c:c ou uc:c
lc t|lcu A!! :csc:tc lcs tux cc :co:sc ccs clcvcs ct ccs ct|lisscuc:ts, v:t ct :cs lc :ccou:s ux ct|lisscuc:ts cc
:culccuc:t
l coionne 1 i:ciquc lc tonx ponJere Je port:c:pot:on Jes etoIl:ssements ovont le reconrs onx etoIl:ssements
Je remplocement c tux co::cso:c u :csultt cc l civisio: cu c|iii:c cc l colo::c ! : cclui cc l colo::c !
lcs lttsD:is, lcs l,sls ct lc ko,uucD:i :ò:t s ttci:t lc tux cc :co:sc iuosc : lc llA v:t lc :ccou:s
ux ct|lisscuc:ts cc :culccuc:t Aux Itats-unis ct u Royaume-uni, lc tux cc :co:sc i:itil cst i:ic:icu:
:cscctivcuc:t cc o ou: cc:t ct cc ! ou: cc:t cclui |xc cs ccux ,s o:t iou::i u co:so:tiuu llA ccs
:cuvcs cx|ustivcs qui o:t c:uis cc :occcc: u:c cvlutio: cc l c:io:u:cc :cvuc ccs ct|lisscuc:ts :o:
:tici:ts lc G:ouc ccs o:scillc:s tcc|:iqucs ;IAG, cu llA ct|li su: |sc cc ccs co::ccs quc lìuct cc ccs
ccvitio:s su: lcs :csultts c`cvlutio: sc:it i:sig:i|:t c:s ccs ,s l: co:scquc:cc, lcs :csultts cc ccs ccux ,s
so:t i:clus c:s toutcs lcs :l,scs lc tux cc :co:sc i:itil c::cgist:c ux rays-Bas s`clcvc ! ou: cc:t sculcuc:t
lou: ccttc :iso:, lc co:so:tiuu llA c:t:c:is ccs :l,scs sulcuc:ti:cs qui co:|:uc:t l ||ilitc sui|s:tc ccs
co::ccs cc cc ,s ct lc |ic:io:cc cc lcu: :isc c: co:sicc:tio: c:s cc:ti:cs :l,scs :cltio::cllcs \lg:c ccs
co:clusio:s, lc tux cc :co:sc c::cgist:c ux l,sls cst t:o ii|lc ou: quc lò: uissc i|:uc: vcc cc:titucc quc
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lcs :csultts cc cc ,s :c0ctc:t |cclcuc:t l oultio: :tio:lc, cu uoi:s c:s lc :cscct ccs c:itc:cs c`cxctitucc
ct cc :ccisio: liqucs : lc llA D:s lcs civc:scs |,ot|cscs cc |iis :cgligc|lcs uocc:cs suscitcs : lcs :o:
:co:scs, lcs l,sls sc clssc:t c:t:c l !
c
ct l 1+
c
lcc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it, c:t:c l
1
c:c
ct l +
c
lcc su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct c:t:c l !
c
ct l 1+
c
lcc su: l`cc|cllc cc cultu:c scic:ti|quc
;i:tc:vllc cc co:|:cc -. ou: cc:t, ll co:vic:t cc co:sultc: lc roc. ..|.o. ti:+ 2 ou: cc lus ulcs
i:io:utio:s cct cg:c l: co:scquc:cc, lcs sco:cs uo,c:s ccs l,sls :c cuvc:t `t:c cou:cs ccux cùt:cs
,s lcs co::ccs ccs l,sls so:t cxclucs ccs t|lcux qui o:tc:t su: l cou:iso: cc sco:cs uo,c:s culcs lcs
ciiic:c:ccs cc c:io:u:ccs :cltivcs c:t:c sousg:oucs coivc:t `t:c :iscs c: co:sicc:tio: c:s lcs t|lcux ou |gu:c
l c:io:u:cc cc sousg:oucs :cc:l:cis
D:s l coionne 2, |gu:c lc nomIre ponJere JètoIl:ssements port:c:ponts ovont le reconrs onx etoIl:ssements
Je remplocement ;o:cc:c c: io:ctio: ccs ciicctiis c`clcvcs,
D:s l coionne 1, |gu:c lc nomIre ponJere JètoIl:ssements ecnont:llonnes ovont le reconrs onx etoIl:ssements
Je remplocement ;c`cstci:c lcs ct|lisscuc:ts qui o:t ct qui :ò:t s :co:cu,
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
o:
o:cc
luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
l,sls
1
I|lc A!!
1au de rponse
Ichantiiion initiai - avant Ichantiiion inai - aprs Ichantiiion inai - ives dans ies tabiissements
rempiacement des tabiissements rempiacement des tabiissements aprs rempiacement des tabiissements
(1j (2j (1j (+j (sj (oj (1j (8j (9j (10j (11j
Nombre Nombre
1au pondr de d`tabiissements 1au pondr d`tabiissements 1au pondr Nombre Nombre
participation Nombre chantiiionns de participation Nombre chantiiionns de partici- dìves dìves
des tabiisse- d`tabiissements (rponses - des tabiisse- d`tabiissements (rponses - pation des Nombre chantiiionns Nombre chantiiionns
ments avant rpondant non-rponsesj ments aprs rpondant non-rponsesj ives aprs dìves (vaius dìves (vaius
rempiacement (pondr par (pondr par rempiacement (pondr par (pondr par rempiacement vaius et absentsj vaius et absentsj
(j ies eectisj ies eectisj (j ies eectisj ies eectisj (j (pondrj (pondrj (non pondrj (non pondrj
1 lc tux cc :co:sc cst t:o ii|lc ou: c:uctt:c u:c cou:iso: ;voi: ciccssus,
0-. 1- o!- !++ 1. -!o. !! oo !++ 1. +!+ 1o1 o0 1-1 .0 . 1.+ o 1!
--! o 0o! o o01 10000 o o01 o o01 -1o+ o. .o! 1 .+ + +. . 1o+
o-1! 1 +.! 11 !o ..! 100 !! 11 -11 -!!0 1o -. 1- o o+ 10!
-1 !!. 100 !1 1o. -!!1 !.. o++ !1 1o1 +- !o !!! !!. !o !- +o1 !! !o
-.!0 1!! !+. 1!- +!! --01 1! ..1 1!- +1 -!o 11. !1 1!+ !! . !+! . o-
!oo +! 0! .0 !!o -+o + o- .0 !1 -1o+ ! 11 +0 .o+ + !1! + .-!
-o! o! ! o. . 10000 o. . o. . -!0 . !0! o! !o + o+ . !!
-+oo 0+ -1 ++ .+ -.!! 0- +.+ ++ -! -11- o!+ !o o-. .!! + o. . 11.
-+1 . -! -!. !!! -+1 . -! -!. !!! .o. ooo -+ .1o + -! .
!-1 -! !+ 110 o!! -- 1!0 ... 1!0 .1 -o! 1!o -1- 1+1 +0+ + o! + 1-
-o !0- 1.! !11 -o- -o !0- 1.! !11 -o- -.!1 100 0 10. o- + ! . 111
-- + 01. + 0!0 -- + 01. + 0!0 0- ! !! ! ! ! !! ! !
..o .! 1o+ o! 1! .! .+ ! o! 1! ..- +! 0 +- 1! ! o + +!+
--0 ..0 -!! .o! o! 10000 .o! .. .o! .. -!0 +. ++o .10 -! + -+ . !o-
!0. 1 1o. .o 1 +!0 .!! -00. 1 !- 1!1 1 +!0 .!! -o!+ 1 !o !o 1 !1. +o! . !.o . +.0
10000 .- 01 .- 01 10000 .- 01 .- 01 -+ .! o .- +0 + -! . 0+.
-!0+ ! .! + 1+0 -!0+ ! .! + 1+0 -1- ! +!+ ! .0 ! +!+ ! .0
-!o- -. +. 1 0o! .!+ 10000 1 0o! .!+ 1 0o! .!+ -!-. -0! 100 -o1 !! + o00 + !
o. !- !! .0 o+. o! +! ++ .0 o+. !! !. o1o +0 !o- ! oo + 1o!
.-. +! !0 .0 !1 -!!. +o !o .0 !1 -! +0 -0 +. !1 + 1+ + oo.
-11 +!! o0! .+o +! !!1 +.. 0 .+ + 0 !-! o. ++ -0+ ! o!- + 1o-
-.! 1!0 .!1 1!o .0. -.! 1!0 .!1 1!o .0. o! ! !-. -. +-! + .1 . !!!
-.+1 +!! -00 +++ ! 10000 +++ ! +++ ! -1 !oo !01 !-- 100 o !1+ o o+
---o 100 .!+ 100 . ---o 100 .!+ 100 . -o ! -.o -+ !1! + +1o . 01
-11 - !0 - 1o! -.+ -! -o -!+ -.1! o. o o- 0! o 0+ o !-
o1! +00 ! o.+ 0-. !1+ .! !1- o.+ 0!! 0- +1- 1! .1 !. - !.0 11 !00
.o+! ! 01! 101 ! .o -o1 0!! ! .0! ooo ! ..- oo1 +-- 1 01 !!- ! 11- !-! ! 00 + !!0

-! ! +!. o0 ! +-0 --o ! +! - 1.! ! +- -+! 1. 1 +o! 000 1 o - + . . o1!
!!- !- !.+ !. o! .1 !1 .o0 !. o.o -0! !+ +0! !o -. ! -1. + !0.
10000 !! !! 10000 !! !! -oo! !1+ !!. !1+ !!.
-+ + ++. +1 + +- !!. --!- + +oo !!. + +- !!. -o!1 1 -0! !+ 1 - !oo o 01 o -1
!1! +- 01- 10 o- ...0 100 !! 10 o- +0! ! o.o o +o! ! .0! ! -.
r
A
Y
s

M
I
M
B
R
I
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D
I

I
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G
c
D
I
r
A
Y
s
N
G
N
-
M
I
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D
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A::lXl A!
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D:s l coionne +, |gu:c lc tonx ponJere Je port:c:pot:on Jes etoIl:ssements oprs le reconrs onx etoIl:ssements
Je remplocement, qui co::cso:c u :csultt cc l civisio: cu c|iii:c cc l colo::c . : cclui cc l colo::c o
D:s l coionne s, |gu:c lc nomIre ponJere JètoIl:ssements port:c:ponts oprs le reconrs onx etoIl:ssements Je
remplocement ;o:cc:c c: io:ctio: ccs ciicctiis c`clcvcs,
D:s l coionne o, |gu:c lc nomIre ponJere JètoIl:ssements ecnont:llonnes oprs le reconrs onx etoIl:ssements
Je remplocement ;c`cstci:c lcs ct|lisscuc:ts qui o:t ct qui :ò:t s :co:cu,
D:s l coionne 1, |gu:c lc tonx ponJere Je port:c:pot:on Jes elves oprs le reconrs onx etoIl:ssements Je
remplocement, qui co::cso:c u :csultt cc l civisio: cu c|iii:c cc l colo::c : cclui cc l colo::c -
D:s l coionne 8, |gu:c lc nomIre ponJere Jèlves evolnes
D:s l coionne 9, |gu:c lc nomIre ponJere Jèlves ecnont:llonnes ;c`cstci:c lc :ou|:c ccs clcvcs cvlucs ct ccs
clcvcs |sc:ts lc |ou: cc l`cvlutio:,
D:s l coionne 10, |gu:c lc nomIre non ponJere Jèlves evolnes
D:s l coionne 11, |gu:c lc nomIre non ponJere Jèlves ecnont:llonnes ;c`cstci:c lc :ou|:c ccs clcvcs
cvlucs ct ccs clcvcs |sc:ts lc |ou: cc l`cvlutio:,
A::lXl A+
!.
Annexe A4 : erreurs types, tests de sIgnItIcatIon et comparaIsons multIples
lcs co::ccs sttistiqucs :csc:tccs c:s cc :o:t co::cso:cc:t ccs ESTIMATIONS cc l c:io:u:cc :tio:lc su: |sc
c`cc|:tillo:s c`clcvcs lutt quc ccs vlcu:s qui u:ic:t u `t:c o|tc:ucs si c|quc clcvc cc c|quc ,s vit :co:cu
c|quc qucstio: l: co:scquc:t, il iuo:tc cc cisosc: cc ucsu:cs cc ccg:c cì:cc:titucc cc ccs cstiutio:s D:s
lc llA !000, c|quc cstiutio: cst ssocicc u: ccg:c cì:cc:titucc co::c sous io:uc cÈRREUR TYPE lc :ccou:s ux
INTERVALLES DE CONlANCE cst u: uo,c: cc ii:c ccs i:ic:c:ccs :cltivcs ux uo,c::cs ct :oo:tio:s cù:c oultio: qui
:c0ctc:t lì:cc:titucc ssocicc ux cstiutio:s io:cccs su: ccs cc|:tillo:s A :ti: cù:c co::cc sttistiquc o|tc:uc u
uo,c: cù: cc|:tillo:, c: suos:t u:c cist:i|utio: :o:ulc, il cst ossi|lc cì:ic:c: quc lc :csultt co::cso:c:t
l`cc|cllc cc l oultio: sc situc:it c:s lì:tc:vllc cc co:|:cc c:s -. :cctitio:s su: 100 cc l uùc ucsu:c, liqucc
ciiic:c:ts cc|:tillo:s ti:cs cc l uùc oultio:
I:cs souvc:t, lc lcctcu: sì:tc:cssc: :i:cilcuc:t ux cc:ts c:t:c ciiic:c:tcs vlcu:s u sci: cù: uùc ,s ;lc :c:ccuc:t
ccs clcvcs cc scxc icui:i: : :o:t cclui ccs clcvcs cc scxc usculi:, : cxculc, D:s lcs t|lcux ct cig:uucs
:csc:tcs c:s lc :o:t, lcs cc:ts so:t co:sicc:cs couuc STATISTIQUEMENTSIGNIlCATIFS :ti: cu uouc:t ou u: tcl cc:t
;ou u: cc:t c:co:c lus g::c, sc vc::it uoi:s cc . ou: cc:t cu tcus sìl :`, vit ciicctivcuc:t ucu:c ciiic:c:cc c:s
lcs vlcu:s cc oultio: co::cso:c:tcs Dc uùc, o: liuitc . ou: cc:t lc :isquc cc ii:c ctt cù: cc:t sttistiqucuc:t
sig:i|ctii c:s u: cs ou il :`, u:it, c: iit, ucu:c co::cltio: c:t:c ccux ucsu:cs
lic: quc l :o||ilitc cc voi: u:c ciiic:c:cc cccl:cc sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivc to:t soit ii|lc ;. ou: cc:t, c:s
c|quc cou:iso: siulc, l :o||ilitc cc couuctt:c cc t,c c`c::cu: s`cc:oit lo:squc lusicu:s cou:iso:s so:t
ciicctuccs siuult:cuc:t
ll cst ossi|lc cc :clisc: u: |ustcuc:t ou: :ccui:c . ou: cc:t l :o||ilitc uxiulc cc quli|c: to:t ccs ciiic:c:ccs cc
sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivcs c:s u uoi:s u:c cou:iso: :ui toutcs ccllcs qui sc:o:t iitcs ct |ustcuc:t, qui cst
|sc su: l uct|occ cc lo:ic::o:i, cc| ctc :clisc c:s lcs g:|iqucs cc cou:iso:s uultilcs :csc:tcs ux c|it:cs !
ct !, c: lcu: o||cctii cst cc cou:c: l c:io:u:cc cù: ,s ccllc cc tous lcs ut:cs ,s
lou: tous lcs ut:cs t|lcux ct g:|iqucs, lc lcctcu: cst i:vitc g:cc: l`cs:it qu`c: suos:t quìl :`, it s cc ciiic:c:ccs
:ccllcs ou: u:c ucsu:c co::cc, u:c COMPARAISON MULTIPLE llicc u: scuil cc sig:i|ctio: cc . ou: cc:t co:cui:it
co:sttc: ccs ciiic:c:ccs sig:i|ctivcs i:cxist:tcs j00. iois lc :ou|:c cc cou:iso:s ciicctuccs :c:iscs l: cxculc,
|ic: quc lcs tcsts cc sig:i|ctio: liqucs c:s lc llA ou: cctc:ui:c: lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c scxcs g::tissc:t u:c :o||ilitc
i:ic:icu:c . ou: cc:t cc co:sttc: to:t u:c ciiic:c:cc c:t:c scxcs, u:c cou:iso: qui i:ciquc:it ccs ciiic:c:ccs ou:
! ,s icc:ti|c:it c: uo,c::c 1+ cs ;00. iois !, cc ciiic:c:ccs sig:i|ctivcs c:t:c scxcs uùc sìl :`, vit ucu:c
ciiic:c:cc :ccllc c:s ucu: ,s c :i:cic s`liquc ux ut:cs co::ccs sttistiqucs ou: lcsqucls ccs tcsts cc sig:i|ctio:
o:t ctc ciicctucs c:s ccttc u|lictio:, couuc c`cst lc cs ou: lcs co::cltio:s ct lcs coci|cic:ts cc :cg:cssio:
A::lXl A.
!.
!NNEXE!ASSURANCEQUALIT
Dcs :occcu:cs c`ssu::cc qulitc o:t ctc uiscs c: ouv:c c:s tous lcs volcts cu llA
lou: ssu:c: u:c qulitc ct u:c cquivlc:cc li:guistiquc co:st:tc ccs i:st:uuc:ts c`cvlutio: cu llA, lcs ,s o:t :cu lcs
vc:sio:s sou:ccs cquivlc:tcs ccs i:st:uuc:ts c: :glis ct c: i::is lcs ,s co:t l l:guc c`cvlutio: :`ctit :i l`:glis
:i lc i::is o:t ctc :ics cc :c:c: ct cc colltio::c: ccux t:cuctio:s i:ccc:c:tcs :clisccs c: utilis:t lcs ccux vc:sio:s
sou:ccs Dcs co:sig:cs cc t:cuctio: :cciscs o:t ctc iuosccs, :ui lcsqucllcs |gu:ic:t :otuuc:t l ccsc:itio: ccs
c:ctc:istiqucs ucsu:ccs : c|quc itcu ct ccs i:st:uctio:s co:cc:::t lc :cc:utcuc:t ct l io:utio: ccs t:cuctcu:s lcs
i:st:uuc:ts cc c|quc ,s o:t ctc vc:i|cs : ccs cxc:ts cu co:so:tiuu llA ;co:t l l:guc utc::cllc ctit icc:tiquc l
l:guc c`c:scig:cuc:t cu ,s co:cc::c ct qui co::issic:t lc s,stcuc ccuctii, v:t lcu: cui:ist:tio: lo:s cc l`cssi cc
tc::i: ct cc l cug:c cc tcsts cc|:itivc Dcs cxc:ts :tio:ux o:t ctc i:vitcs t:cui:c lcs co:sig:cs cc co::cctio: ct lcs
souuctt:c ux |:s cc vc:i|ctio: ll co:vic:t cc co:sultc: lc 2APPORTTECHNIQUE0)3!ou: cv:tgc cì:io:utio:s su: lcs
:occcu:cs cc t:cuctio: cu llA
l`cvlutio: ctc uisc c: ouv:c c:s lc :cscct cc :occcu:cs :o:ulisccs lc co:so:tiuu llA :c:c ccs u:ucls
cx|ustiis cxliqu:t lc uocc cc uisc c: ouv:c cc l`cvlutio:, c:s lcsqucls |gu:ic:t :otuuc:t ccs i:st:uctio:s :cciscs
co:cc:::t l uissio: ccs oo:ci:tcu:s scoli:cs ct ccs sc:its lì:tc:tio: ccs Acui:ist:tcu:s cc tcst lc co:so:tiuu llA
vc:i|c l t:cuctio: ct l`cttio: cc ccs u:ucls c:s c|quc ,s
D:s lc |ut c`ct|li: l c:cci|ilitc cu llA c: t:t qu`ctucc vlicc ct :o: |iiscc ct cc :ououvoi: lù:iio:uitc ccs :occcu:cs
c`cui:ist:tio: ccs sc:ccs c`cvlutio:, lcs Acui:ist:tcu:s cc tcst ccs ,s :tici:ts o:t ctc :cc:utcs c: io:ctio: ccs
c:itc:cs suiv:ts il ctc EXIG quc lÀcui:ist:tcu: cc tcst :c soit c: ucu: cs lc :oicsscu: cc l:guc cc l`cvlutio:, cc
ut|cutiqucs ou cc scic:ccs c`clcvcs :tici:t ux sc:ccs quìl cui:ist:c:it c:s lc cc:c cu llA , il ctit RECOMMAND
quc lÀcui:ist:tcu: cc tcst :c soit s u: ucu|:c cu c:so::cl cù: ccs ct|lisscuc:ts c:s lcsqucls il cui:ist:c:it
l`cvlutio: llA , ct il ctc |ugc PRFRABLE quc lÀcui:ist:tcu: cc tcst :c soit u: ucu|:c cu c:so::cl cùcu: ct|lisscuc:t
iis:t :tic cc l`cc|:tillo: c`ccolcs sclcctio::c ou: lc llA lcs ,s :tici:ts o:t o:g:isc ccs sc:ccs cc io:utio:
ou: lcs Acui:ist:tcu:s cc tcst, uxqucllcs ccs cc::ic:s ccvic:t :ticic: c: c:so::c
lcs ,s :tici:ts :`ctic:t s uto:iscs uoci|c: lc sc:it cc l sc:cc c`cvlutio: ct lcs co:sig:cs ccc:itcs c:s lc
\:ucl cc lÀcui:ist:tcu: cc tcst s:s l`:o|tio: :cl|lc cu o:so:tiuu llA lcs ,s ctic:t tc:us cc s`ssu:c: quc
lÀcui:ist:tcu: cc tcst :c:c l sc:cc c`cvlutio: c: coll|o:tio: vcc lc oo:ci:tcu: scoli:c, , cou:is c: cc qui
co:cc::c lcs lo:uuli:cs cc uivi ccs clcvcs ct lìcc:ti|ctio: ccs clcvcs cxclus lls ccvic:t vcillc: cc quùcu: tcus
sulcuc:ti:c :c soit iu:ti ux clcvcs ou: lcs tcsts cog:itiis ;il ctc uto:isc cc lcu: co::c: lus cc tcus ou: coulctc:
lc qucstio::i:c clcvc , ct cc quùcu: i:st:uuc:t :c soit cui:ist:c v:t lcs ccux :tics cù:c |cu:c c|cu:c cc
l sc:cc cc tcsts cog:itiis lcs Acui:ist:tcu:s cc tcst ccvic:t :c:c:c coutc cu sttut cc :ticitio: ccs clcvcs su: lcs
lo:uuli:cs cc uivi ccs clcvcs ct coulctc: ccs lo:uuli:cs cc ko:t cc sc:cc c`cvlutio: Aucu: i:st:uuc:t cog:itii
:c ouvit `t:c |otocoic ou :`tc ccs tic:s : lÀcui:ist:tcu: cc tcst v:t l sc:cc c`cvlutio: l:|:, lcs ,s
:tici:ts ccvic:t s`ssu:c: quc lÀcui:ist:tcu: cc tcst :c:voic lc utc:icl u cc:t:c :tio:l iuuccitcuc:t :cs lcs
sc:ccs c`cvlutio:
lcs Di:cctcu:s :tio:ux cc :o|ct o:t ctc c:cou:gcs o:g:isc: u:c sc:cc cc :tt:gc lo:squc lus cc 1. ou: cc:t cc
l`cc|:tillo: i:itil cu llA :` s ctc c: ucsu:c c`ssistc: l sc:cc c`cvlutio: i:itilc
lcs \o:itcu:s cc o:t:lc cc Qulitc :cltii ux c:t:cs :tio:ux cu co:so:tiuu llA sc so:t :c:cus c:s tous lcs c:t:cs
:tio:ux ou: ctucic: lcs :occcu:cs cc collcctc cc co::ccs l:|:, lcs \o:itcu:s cc o:t:lc cc Qulitc :cltii ux ccolcs
cu co:so:tiuu llA o:t visitc u: cc|:tillo: cc !. ou: cc:t ccs ct|lisscuc:ts lo:s cc l`cvlutio: ll co:vic:t cc co:sultc:
lc 2APPORTTECHNIQUE0)3!ou: cv:tgc cì:io:utio:s co:cc:::t lcs oc:tio:s su: lc tc::i:
lc logicicl sccilcuc:t co:u ou: lc c,clc llA !000 icilitc l sisic ct lc :ctto,gc ccs co::ccs i:si quc l cctcctio:
ccs c::cu:s c:c:t l sisic ccs co::ccs Dcs scssio:s cc io:utio: o:t ctc o:g:isccs |: cc iuili:isc: lcs :cso:s|lcs
:tio:ux vcc ccs :occcu:cs
lc 2APPORTTECHNIQUE0)3!:csc:tc lcs :csultts ct lcs :occcu:cs c`ssu::cc qulitc cu c,clc llA
A::lXl Ao
!.-
Annexe Ao : dveloppement des Instruments d'valuatIon du PI5A
lc ccvclocuc:t ccs i:st:uuc:ts c`cvlutio: cu c,clc llA !000 s`cst cc:oulc c:s lc cc:c cù: :occssus i:tc:ctii c:t:c
lc co:so:tiuu llA, lcs ciiic:c:ts g:oucs c`cxc:ts, lcs gouvc::cuc:ts ccs ,s cc l`Dl ct lcs sccilistcs :tio:ux
l: co:cc:ttio: vcc lcs ,s :tici:ts, u: :cl c`cxc:ts i:tc::tio:ux ci:igc lcs t:vux cìcc:ti|ctio: cc l`cvc:til
ccs co::iss:ccs ct couctc:ccs qui, c:s lcs coui:cs c`cvlutio: :cscctiis, coivc:t `t:c co:sicc:ccs couuc ccs :ougcs
cssc:ticls cc l ccitc ccs i:civicus :ticic: lci:cuc:t l :cussitc cc l socictc co:tcuo:i:c, ct , co:t:i|uc:
ctivcuc:t D:c ccsc:itio: ccs coui:cs c`cvlutio: lc cc:c c`cvlutio: c:suitc sc:vi cc |sc cc t:vil ux ,s
:tici:ts ct ux ccvclocu:s cc tcst :oicssio::cls u iu: ct ucsu:c quìls cl|o:ic:t lc utc:icl c`cvlutio: l
:c:tio: cc cc cc:c c`cvlutio: cou:c:it :otuuc:t lcs ctcs suiv:tcs
l`cl|o:tio: cù:c cc|:itio: cc t:vil cu coui:c ct l ccsc:itio: ccs |,ot|cscs qui soustc:cc:t ccttc cc|:itio: ,
l cctc:ui:tio: cu uocc cò:g:istio: cu |cu cc tc|cs c: vuc cc :csc:tc: ux ccciccu:s ct ux c|c:c|cu:s l
c:io:u:cc ccs clcvcs cc 1. :s c:s c|quc coui:c c`cvlutio: ,
lìcc:ti|ctio: cù:c sc:ic cc c:ctc:istiqucs clcs :c:c:c c: co:sicc:tio: lo:s cc l`cl|o:tio: ccs tc|cs c`cvlutio:
ccs |:s i:tc::tio:lcs ,
lòc:tio:listio: cc l sc:ic cc c:ctc:istiqucs clcs utilisc: c:s cc ccvclocuc:t ccs tcsts, c:s lc :cscct cc
cc|:itio:s |sccs su: l littc:tu:c ct su: l`cxc:ic:cc lòccsio: cùt:cs cvlutio:s c`c:vc:gu:c ,
l vlictio: ccs v:i|lcs ct l`cvlutio: cc l co:t:i|utio: cc c|cu:c c`c:t:c cllcs l cou:c|c:sio: cc l cii|cultc
ccs tc|cs c:s lcs ,s :tici:ts ,
l :c:tio: cù: uocclc cì:tc::cttio: ccs :csultts
r.o...c 1. .. 1. !..o.. .!c !o .o.o.. 1o ..
Icxtcs co:ti:us
Icxtcs :o: co:ti:us
1otol
r.o...c 1. .. 1. !..o.. .!c !. .c..o 1. !..o..
Dcvcloc: u:c i:tc::cttio:
kcilcc|i: su: lc co:tc:u cu tcxtc
kct:ouvc: cc lì:io:utio:
1otol
r.o...c 1. .. 1. !..o.. .!c !. c.o 1. ..
A::o:ccs ct :cclucs
Icxtcs :guuc:ti:csc:susiis
G:|iqucscig:uucs
Icxtcs ccsc:itiis
Icxtcs i:io:utiis
lo:uuli:cs
Icxtcs i:|o:ctiis
:tcs
Icxtcs :::tiis
c|cus
I|lcux ct ut:iccs
1otol
r.o...c 1. .. 1. !..o.. .!c !o .oo.c
lccgogiquc
l:oicssio::cl
lc:so::cl
lu|lic
1otol
I|lcu Ao1
Rpartition des items seion ies dimensions du cadre d`vaiuation rIsA de comprhension de i`crit
Nombre Nombre Nombre
Nombre dìtems de questions de questions Nombre
dìtems choi rponse rponse de questions
Nombre choi muitipie construite construite rponse
dìtems
1
muitipie compiees erme ouverte courte
- +! ! ! !+
.! 1+ + 1! - 1!
1o1 o 1 o1 2u
0 +! ! . 1+ .
!- ! ! !! 1
+! 10 ! 10 o 1+
1o1 o 1 o1 2u
+ 1 !
1 1 !
1o ! ! !
1! 1 + 1
!1 1 1 - +
1 1 + 1 1
- ! 1 .
+ 1 1 !
1 !
. ! ! 1
1. ! 1 o ! !
1o1 o 1 o1 2u
!- !! + 1 +
!! + 1 + - +
!o 10 ! 10 !
.+ !0 ! !0 .
1o1 o 1 o1 2u
1 :cui ccs itcus o:t ctc cliui:cs :cs :l,sc
A::lXl Ao
!o0
lcs cc:cs co:cctucls o:t ctc :ouvcs cu oi:t cc vuc scic:ti|quc ct : lcs olitiqucs lls o:t c:suitc sc:vi cc |sc u
ccvclocuc:t ccs i:st:uuc:ts c`cvlutio: ;Dl, 1---o, cs cc:cs o:t co:stituc u: l:ggc couuu: ct lc io:ccuc:t
cù: co:sc:sus su: lcs o||cctiis c`cvlutio: cu llA ou: tous lcs ,s :tici:ts
l:suitc, lcs itcus c`cvlutio: o:t ctc ccvclocs cc u:ic:c t:cui:c lcs i:tc:tio:s ccs cc:cs co:cctucls lls o:t c:suitc
ctc cui:ist:cs c:s tous lcs ,s lo:s cc l`cssi cc tc::i: l:|:, u:c |ttc:ic cc|:itivc cìtcus ctc sclcctio::cc ou: lc c,clc
c`cvlutio: llA !000 lcs t|lcux Ao1Ao! uo:t:c:t l :c:titio: ccs itcus c`cvlutio: cu c,clc llA !000 sclo: lcs
ciiic:c:tcs ciuc:sio:s ccs cc:cs co:cctucls
: sc:uulcuscuc:t vcillc :c0ctc: l civc:sitc :tio:lc, cultu:cllc ct li:guistiquc ccs ,s cc l`Dl D:s l
lig:c cc cct o||cctii, lc o:so:tiuu llA i:tcg:c, out:c lcs itcus cl|o:cs : lc o:so:tiuu llA luiuùc, lc
utc:icl c`cvlutio: :ovc::t ccs ,s :tici:ts, ou: ut:t quc l`cquic uulti:tio:lc cc ccvclocu:s cc tcst cu
o:so:tiuu lìc:t |ugc :o:ic c: io:ctio: ccs c:itc:cs cxoscs c:s lcs cc:cs c`cvlutio: cu llA l: co:scquc:cc,
l |ttc:ic cìtcus cou:c:it ccs co:t:i|utio:s u utc:icl c`cvlutio: iitcs : lÀllcug:c, lÀust:lic, lÀut:ic|c, l
lclgiquc, l o:cc, lc D:cu:|, lcs lttsD:is, l lccc:tio: cc kussic, l li:l:cc, l l::cc, l G:ccc, l`l:l:cc, l`ltlic,
lc o:, l :o:vcgc, l :ouvcllcZcl:cc, l kcu|liquc tc|cquc, lc ko,uucD:i, l uccc ct l uissc l :t cìtcus
souuis : lcs ,s :tici:ts :c:csc:tc u: cu lus cc .0 ou: cc:t ccs itcus, t:t l`cssi cc tc::i: quc lo:s cc l
cug:c cc tcsts cc|:itivc
Quclquc !-0 u:itcs cout:t 1 1o- itcus o:t ctc :c:ccs ou co:t:i|uccs ou: l`cssi cc tc::i:, co:t 1.0 u:itcs cc lcctu:c
couo:t:t 1 itcus A lìssuc cu :cuic: :occssus cc co:sulttio:, l |ttc:ic cìtcus cc l`cssi cc tc::i: ctc :uc:cc
o- u:itcs cc lcctu:c, soit !+! itcus cc lcctu:c l:ui ccs u:itcs, !+ o:t ctc |sccs su: u: stiuulus :ovc::t cc co:t:i|utio:s
:tio:lcs, !o o:t ctc ccvcloccs : lc co:so:tiuu llA ct 1- o:t ctc ti:ccs cc l`l:qu`tc i:tc::tio:lc su: l littc:tic ccs
cultcs ;lllA,, :cc quc lcs ,s sou|itic:t voi: l ossi|ilitc cc cou:c: cc:ti:s :csultts cc l`lllA ccux cu llA
r.o...c 1. .. 1. o|.o.o. .!c !. .1.. o|.o.o. o.o..
:oiss:cc ct v:itio:
lscc ct io:ucs
1otol
r.o...c 1. .. 1. o|.o.o. .!c !. 1co.. 1. o|.o.o. ....
Algc|:c
lo:ctio:s
Gcouct:ic
\csu:cs
:ou|:cs
ttistiqucs
1otol
r.o...c 1. .. 1. o|.o.o. .!c !. .!o. 1. .c....
lssc 1
lssc !
lssc !
1otol
r.o...c 1. .. 1. o|.o.o. .!c !o .oo.c
lu|liquc
coli:c
l:oicssio::cllc
l:ivcc
cic:tiiiquc
1otol
I|lcu Ao!
Rpartition des items seion ies dimensions du cadre d`vaiuation rIsA de cuiture mathmatique
dìtems de questions de questions
Nombre choi rponse construite rponse construite
dìtems
1
muitipie erme ouverte
1 o - !
1+ . -
12 11 1 1
. + 1
. + 1
! .
! +
1 1
o 1 + 1
12 11 1 1
10 + o
!0 11 !
! 1 1
12 11 1 1
+ ! !
o ! ! 1
! 1 !
1! o o
! .
12 11 1 1
1 D: ccs itcus ctc cliui:c :cs :l,sc
A::lXl Ao
!o1
lcs ,s o:t ctucic tous lcs itcus :ctc:us ou: cctcctc: c`cvc:tucls |iis lics l cultu:c, u scxc, ctc, ou: cvluc: lcu:
c:ti:c:cc ou: lcs |cu:cs cc 1. :s lì:tc:icu: ct l`cxtc:icu: cu cc:c scoli:c ct ou: cctc:ui:c: lc ccg:c cc iuili:itc ct
cì:tc:`t cc c|quc itcu lcs ,s o:t ctc co:sultcs u:c :cuic:c iois :oos cc l |ttc:ic cìtcus c:s lc cc:c cu :occssus
cc ccvclocuc:t ccs i:st:uuc:ts c`cvlutio: cc l`cssi cc tc::i:, uis u:c scco:cc iois :cs l`cssi cc tc::i:, |: quìls
:ticic:t l sclcctio: cc|:itivc ccs itcus cui:ist:c: lo:s cc l cug:c cc tcsts cc|:itivc cttc scco:cc co:sulttio:
ctc coulctcc : u:c :l,sc cu utc:icl c`cvlutio: : u:c couuissio: i:tc::tio:lc c`cquitc cultu:cllc
A:cs l`cssi cc tc::i:, lòccsio: cuqucl tous lcs itcus o:t ctc tcstcs c:s tous lcs ,s :tici:ts, lcs ccvclocu:s cc
tcsts ct lcs g:oucs c`cxc:ts o:t :is lusicu:s sccts c: co:sicc:tio: ou: l sclcctio: ccs itcus cui:ist:c: l cug:c
cc tcsts cc|:itivc .) lcs :csultts cc l`cssi cc tc::i:, ..) lcs :csultts cc l`cxuc: ccs itcus : c|quc ,s ct ...) lcs qucstio:s
souuiscs u cou:s cu cocgc cc l`cssi cc tc::i: lcs ccvclocu:s cc tcst ct lcs g:oucs c`cxc:ts o:t sclcctio::c l |ttc:ic
cc|:itivc cìtcus c: octo|:c 1--- lcs ,s, :cs :cgocitio:, o:t :occcc l`cotio: olitiquc ct scic:ti|quc cc ccttc
|ttc:ic cìtcus cc|:itivc
l cug:c cc tcsts cc|:itivc cou:c:it ! u:itcs cc lcctu:c couosccs cc 1+1 itcus ;c|quc :tic cc qucstio: cout:t ou: u:
itcu, lcs stiuulus cc 1+ cc ccs u:itcs :ovc:ic:t cc co:t:i|utio:s :tio:lcs, 1! u:itcs cu:ic:t ci:cctcuc:t cu o:so:tiuu llA
ct lcs 10 u:itcs :cst:tcs o:t ctc ti:ccs cc l`l:qu`tc i:tc::tio:lc su: l littc:tic ccs cultcs l: illcu:s, 1o u:itcs cc ut|cutiqucs
;!! itcus, ct 1+ u:itcs cc scic:ccs ;!. itcus, o:t ctc cui:ist:ccs lo:s cc l cug:c cc tcsts cc|:itivc
r.o...c 1. .. 1. ..... .!c !. oc..o... .....o.
ouuu:iquc: ccs co:clusio:s vliccs
li:c :cuvc cc uit:isc ccs co:ccts
Ii:c:cvluc: ccs co:clusio:s
lcc:tiiic: lcs iitslcs co::ccs
kcco::it:c lcs qucstio:s
1otol
r.o...c 1. .. 1. ..... .!c !. .|o 1o!..o.c 1. !o .....
l tc::c ct l`c:vi:o::cuc:t
l vic ct l s:tc
l tcc|:ologic
1otol
r.o...c 1. .. 1. ..... .!c !. |.. .....o. o.o.
|:gcuc:ts tuos|c:iqucs
liocivc:sitc
|:gcuc:ts |,siqucsc|iuiqucs
l tc::c ct lù:ivc:s
lcos,stcucs
I::sio:utio:s cc l`c:c:gic
lo:uc ct io:ctio:
o:t:lc gc:ctiquc
|:gcuc:ts gcologiqucs
liologic |uui:c
|:gcuc:t |,siologiquc
t:uctu:cs ct :o:ictcs cc l utic:c
1otol
r.o...c 1. .. 1. ..... .!c !. .oo.c
Glo|lc
listo:iquc
lc:so::cllc
lu|liquc
1otol
I|lcu Ao!
Rpartition des items seion ies dimensions du cadre d`vaiuation rIsA de cuiture scientiique
Nombre dìtems de questions de questions Nombre
dìtems choi rponse rponse de questions
Nombre choi muitipie construite construite rponse
dìtems
1
muitipie compiees erme ouverte courte
! !
1. - 1 ! !
1 ! 1 !
. ! 1 !
. 1 ! 1
1 11 1 12 2
1! ! ! 1 o 1
1! o 1 . 1
- + + 1
1 11 1 12 2
. 1 1 !
1 1
1 1
. ! 1 1
! ! 1
+ ! !
! 1 !
! 1 1
1 1
! 1 !
1 1
o + !
1 11 1 12 2
1o + ! 1 1
+ ! !
+ ! !
! ! 1 1
1 11 1 12 2
1 D: ccs itcus ctc cliui:c :cs :l,sc
A::lXl Ao
!o!
i:q t,cs cìtcus o:t ctc utiliscs c:s lcs i:st:uuc:ts c`cvlutio: llA
:tems cno:x mnlt:ple c:s ccs itcus, il cst ccu:cc ux clcvcs c`c:tou:c: l lctt:c co::cso:c:t u:c ccs qut:c ou
ci:q otio:s qui lcu: so:t :oosccs cs otio:s so:t ccs :ou|:cs, ccs tc:ucs ou ccs |:scs lc uocc cc co::cctio:
cc ccs itcus cst cic|otouiquc ,
:tems cno:x mnlt:ple complexes c:s ccs itcus, lcs clcvcs coivc:t oc:c: u:c sc:ic cc c|oix, lc lus souvc:t |i:i:cs
lls :co:cc:t c: c:tou::t u: tc:uc ou u:c |:sc cou:tc ; oui ou :o: , : cxculc, lc uocc cc co::cctio:
cc ccs itcus cst cic|otouiquc ou: c|quc c|oix sc:c, cc qui oii:c l ossi|ilitc c`ssocic: l`c:scu|lc cc lìtcu u:
c:ccit totl ou :ticl ,
:tems jermes reponse constrn:te ccs itcus ccu:cc:t ux clcvcs cc co:st:ui:c u:c :co:sc lo:s quc l guuc ccs
:co:scs ccct|lcs cst liuitcc lc uocc cc co::cctio: cc l lu:t cc ccs itcus cst cic|otouiquc, vcc i:tcg:tio: cc
quclqucs itcus c:s lc :occssus cc cocgc : lcs co::cctcu:s ,
:tems reponse conrte lì:st: ccs itcus :co:sc ic:ucc co:st:uitc, ccs itcus ccu:cc:t ux clcvcs cc io:uulc:
cuxuùcs u:c :co:sc, uis c:s cc cs l guuc ccs :co:scs ossi|lcs cst ctc:cuc cs itcus so:t coccs : ccs
co::cctcu:s, cc quc c:uct u: uocc cc co::cctio: cic|otouiquc ou u: c:ccit :ticl ,
:tems onverts reponse constrn:te ccs itcus ccu:cc:t ux clcvcs cc co:st:ui:c u:c :co:sc lus cl|o:cc, cc qui
co::c licu u:c vstc guuc cc :co:scs i:civicucllcs civc:gc:tcs ct, :iois, ccs oi:ts cc vuc co:t:cictoi:cs lou:
, :co:c:c, lcs clcvcs coivc:t gc:c:lcuc:t uctt:c ccs i:io:utio:s ou ccs icccs co:tc:ucs c:s lc stiuulus c: :cltio:
vcc lcu:s cxc:ic:ccs ct lcu:s oi:ts cc vuc c:so::cls l qulitc ccs :co:scs ccc:c uoi:s cu oi:t cc vuc cotc
: lcs clcvcs quc cc lcu: ccitc utilisc: cc quìls o:t lu ou: |usti|c: ou cxliquc: lcu: oi:t cc vuc Ious ccs itcus
so:t coccs : ccs co::cctcu:s qui cuvc:t cco:cc: u: c:ccit :ticl ou: lcs :co:scs :ticllcuc:t co::cctcs ou uoi:s
cl|o:ccs
lc c,clc llA !000 ctc co:u ou: gc:c:c: ccs :csultts cc g:ouc c:s u: vstc cvc:til cc co:tc:us l`cvlutio: cc l
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it sc io:cc su: u: utc:icl :c:csc:t:t u: totl cc !0 ui:utcs cc tcus cc tcst, co:t +. ou: cc:t
o:t ctc co:sc:ccs ccs itcus :co:sc ouvc:tc l`cvlutio: cc l cultu:c ut|cutiquc ct scic:ti|quc :c:csc:tit qu:t
cllc u: tcus cc tcst cc o0 ui:utcs u totl, co:t !. ou: cc:t o:t ctc co:sc:ccs ccs itcus :co:sc ouvc:tc Ioutciois ,lcs
sc:ccs c`cvlutio: cu:ic:t 1!0 ui:utcs, cc qui co::cso:c u tcus cc tcst totl cc c|quc clcvc
lou: couv:i: lc vstc cvc:til cc co:tc:us sou|itc s:s ccssc: l liuitc cc tcus cc tcst |xcc 1!0 ui:utcs cu tcus
i:civicucl c`cvlutio:, ccs |locs cù:itcs o:t ctc couoscs, uis st:uctu:cs c: :cui c::cts cc tcst l: cou:c|c:sio: cc
l`cc:it, :cui |locs cù:itcs cc !0 ui:utcs o:t ctc utiliscs, co:t:c qut:c |locs cù:itcs cc 1. ui:utcs c|cu: ou: l cultu:c
ut|cutiquc ct scic:ti|quc lo:s cu c,clc llA !000, tous lcs clcvcs o:t :co:cu ccs itcus cc lcctu:c, ct u: cu lus cc l
uoitic c`c:t:c cux o:t :co:cu ccs itcus cc scic:ccs ct cc ut|cutiqucs
cttc st:uctu:c c`cvlutio: :csc:tc lusicu:s c:ctc:istiqucs l: :cuic: licu, lcs itcus cc lcctu:c o:t ctc :csc:tcs cc
u:ic:c cquili|:cc c: vuc c`cvitc: ccs ciicts cc co:tui:tio: c:t:c itcus ct cc g::ti: quc c|quc itcu it l uùc
iuo:t:cc c:s l`cvlutio: l: ccuxicuc licu, sct ccs :cui c::cts cc tcst o:t ctc couoscs cc io: couuc:cc: : lcs
itcus cc lcctu:c ct tous lcs c::cts co:tc:ic:t o0 ui:utcs cc tcst cc lcctu:c u uoi:s l: t:oisicuc licu, lòccsio: cu c,clc
c`cvlutio: llA !000, u: lic: ctc ct|li c:t:c lc llA ct l`lllA ccux |locs cù:itcs couoscs cxclusivcuc:t cìtcus ti:cs
cc l`lllA o:t ctc i:clus c:s six ccs :cui c::cts cc tcst l:|:, l st:uctu:c cc l`cvlutio: ctc co:uc cc u:ic:c cc quù:
cc|:tillo: :c:csc:ttii c`clcvcs :co:cc c|quc |loc cìtcus
lc roc. ..|.o. ti:+ 2 cxliquc lc ccvclocuc:t ccs i:st:uuc:ts c`cvlutio: ct l st:uctu:c cc l`cvlutio: cu llA
cc u:ic:c lus :oio:cic
A::lXl A
!o!
!NNEXE!FIABILITDELACORRECTIONDESITEMSRPONSEOUVERTE
lc :occssus cc co::cctio: ccs itcus :co:sc ouvc:tc cst iuo:t:t ou: g::ti: l qulitc ct l cou:|ilitc ccs :csultts
cu llA
Dcs ci:cctivcs cctillccs o:t c:uis cc g::ti: l`cxctitucc ct l co|c:c:cc cc l co::cctio: c:s tous lcs ,s Dcs u:ucls cc
co::cctio:, cu utc:icl cc io:utio: u :cc:utcuc:t ccs co::cctcu:s ct cu utc:icl cc io:utio: lì:tc:tio: ccs co::cctcu:s
:tio:ux o:t ctc :c:cs Av:t lcs io:utio:s :tio:lcs, lc co:so:tiuu llA o:g:isc ccs scssio:s cc io:utio: ccsti:ccs
:csc:tc: lc utc:icl ct io:uc: lcs coo:ci:tcu:s cc l co::cctio: ccs ,s :tici:ts qui o:t c:suitc ctc c|:gcs cc io:uc:
lcs co::cctcu:s :tio:ux
lc |ut cc l qucstio: ct lc uocc cc cocgc ccs :co:scs o:t ctc ccc:its c:s lcs guiccs cc co::cctio: co::cso:c:t c|quc
itcu :t cglcuc:t ctc i:clus c:s ccs guiccs u:c ccsc:itio: ccs c:ccits c:ccit coulct, c:ccit :ticl ou ucu: c:ccit
ssocics ux civc:scs ctcgo:ics cc :co:scs ossi|lcs lo:s cu c,clc llA !000, u: s,stcuc cc coci|ctio: ccux c|iii:cs ctc
utilisc ou: lcs itcus cc scic:ccs ct cc ut|cutiqucs, lc :cuic: c|iii:c co::cso:c:t u sco:c ct lc scco:c, ux ciiic:c:tcs
st:tcgics ou :oc|cs uiscs c: ouv:c : lcs clcvcs ou: :csouc:c lc :o|lcuc c scco:c c|iii:c c:uis cc c:cssc: ccs
:o|ls :tio:ux co:cc:::t lcs st:tcgics ct lcs viccs c:s lc :iso::cuc:t ccs clcvcs A tit:c illust:tii, ccs cxculcs :ccls cc
:co:scs c`clcvcs ;ti:cs cc l`cssi cc tc::i:, o:t ctc i:clus c:s lcs guiccs cc co::cctio:, ct l |usti|ctio: cc lcu: clssi|ctio:
c:s lù:c ou lùt:c ctcgo:ic cc :co:scs , ctit :cciscc
D:s c|quc ,s, u: souscc|:tillo: cc c::cts cc tcst ctc co::igc : qut:c co::cctcu:s ciiic:c:ts ct cxui:c : lc
co:so:tiuu llA lc co:so:tiuu :clisc u:c ctucc cc ||ilitc cu t:vil ccs co::cctcu:s |scc su: u: souscc|:tillo: cc
c::cts cc tcst ou: cvluc: cc u:ic:c lus :oio:cic c:s c|quc ,s l co|c:c:cc cu :occssus cc cocgc ct cstiuc:
lìuo:t:cc ccs ictcu:s cc v:itio: ssocics u :ccou:s ccs co::cctcu:s lcs sc:ics :tio:lcs cc co::cctio:s uultilcs o:t
iit lò||ct cù:c :l,sc c`|ouogc:citc co:t lcs :csultts o:t ctc cou:cs ccux cc l`cssi cc tc::i: ll co:vic:t cc co:sultc:
lc 2APPORTTECHNIQUE0)3!ou: cv:tgc cì:io:utio:s cct cg:c
l:|:, u:c ctucc cc ||ilitc cou:cc ctc cxccutcc c:t:c ,s su: l |sc cù: |cu :cst:ci:t cìtcus c:s lc |ut cc vc:i|c: si
l scvc:itc ccs sco:cs tt:i|ucs : lcs co::cctcu:s :tio:ux ouvit `t:c co:sicc:cc couuc cquivlc:tc cù: ,s lùt:c,
soit glo|lcuc:t soit ou: ccs itcus scci|qucs lo:s cc cc :occssus, lcs c::cts cc tcst o:igi:ux o:t ctc co::igcs cc
u:ic:c i:ccc:c:tc : u:c cquic uultili:guc sccilcuc:t io:ucc cct ciict lcs sco:cs o:t c:suitc ctc cou:cs ccux
tt:i|ucs : lcs co::cctcu:s :tio:ux c:s lcs ciiic:c:ts ,s lcs :csultts cc ccttc :l,sc o:t ct|li l g::cc co|c:c:cc
ccs sco:cs c:t:c ,s lì:cicc uo,c: cc co:io:uitc cc:ivc cc l`ctucc cc ||ilitc c:t:c ,s s`clcvc -! ou: cc:t ;su:
lcs +1 -o :co:scs c`clcvcs co::igccs : lcs vc:i|ctcu:s i:tc::tio:ux, :t ctc :is c: co:sicc:tio: ou: cstiuc: l
co:io:uitc lcs cs ou lc vc:i|ctcu: i:tc::tio:l ctit c`cco:c vcc u uoi:s t:ois ccs co::cctcu:s :tio:ux ct lcs cs ou lc
vc:i|ctcu: i:tc::tio:l :`ctit s c`cco:c vcc lcs co::cctcu:s :tio:ux, uis ou l`c|ucictio: uc:cc : lcs ccvclocu:s
cc tcsts cu co:so:tiuu llA co:clu quc lcs co::cctcu:s :tio:ux vic:t tt:i|uc lc sco:c co::cct culs |uit ,s o:t
c::cgist:c u: tux cc co:io:uitc i:ic:icu: -0 ou: cc:t l: uo,c::c, l scvc:itc ctit cxccssivc c:s 1 ou: cc:t ccs cs ;u:
uxiuuu cc !. ou: cc:t ctc o|sc:vc c: lctto:ic, ct i:sui|s:tc c:s !. ou: cc:t ccs cs ;u: uxiuuu cc -+ ou: cc:t
ctc c::cgist:c c: lctto:ic, lc 2APPORTTECHNIQUE0)3!ccc:it lc :occssus cc u:ic:c lus :oio:cic ct :csc:tc lcs
:csultts cc io: lus cctillcc
Annee B1 I|lcux cc co::ccs ccs c|it:cs
Annee B2 Diiic:c:ccs cc c:io:u:cc c:t:c
l ouuu:utc 0u:cc ct
l ouuu:utc i::isc cc lclgiquc
ct c:t:c lcs ciiic:c:ccs couuu:utcs
li:guistiqucs cc uissc
1^lLL^LX lL lONNLL
B
!..%8%
A::lXl l1
!oo
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
o:
o:cc
luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
I|lcu !1A
rourcentage dìves chaque niveau de comptence sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit
Niveau de comptence
Au-dessous du Niveau 1 Niveau 2 Niveau 1 Niveau + Niveau s
niveau 1 ;uoi:s ;cc !!. ;cc +0 ;cc +1 ;cc ..! ;lus cc
cc !!. oi:ts, +0 oi:ts, +0 oi:ts, ..! oi:ts, o!. oi:ts, o!. oi:ts,
Ir. t. Ir. t. Ir. t. Ir. t. Ir. t. Ir. t.
!! ;0., -1 ;0, 1-0 ;11, !. ;11, !.! ;0-, 1o ;1!,
++ ;0+, 10! ;0o, !1 ;0-, !-- ;1!, !+- ;10, ;0,
;10, 11! ;0, 1o ;0, !. ;0-, !o! ;0-, 1!0 ;0,
!+ ;0!, ! ;0!, 10 ;0+, !0 ;0., ! ;0o, 1o ;0.,
o1 ;0o, 11+ ;0, !+ ;1!, !0- ;11, 1- ;0, 0 ;0o,
.- ;0o, 1!0 ;0, !!. ;0-, !-. ;10, !!0 ;0-, 1 ;0.,
1 ;0., .! ;0+, 1+! ;0, ! ;0, !1o ;0-, 1. ;0-,
+! ;0o, 110 ;0, !!0 ;0, !0o ;10, !! ;0-, . ;0o,
-- ;0, 1! ;0o, !!! ;0, !o ;10, 1-+ ;10, ;0.,
;1!, 1. ;1+, !.- ;1+, !1 ;1, 1o ;1+, .0 ;0,
o- ;0, 1. ;1!, !.0 ;11, ! ;1!, 1. ;11, .1 ;0,
+0 ;0!, 10. ;0o, !!0 ;0, !0 ;0-, !!o ;11, -1 ;0,
!1 ;0., - ;0, 1- ;0-, !- ;11, !1 ;11, 1+! ;0,
.+ ;0-, 1!. ;0-, !.o ;10, !0o ;10, 1-. ;11, .! ;0.,
! ;0o, ! ;11, 10 ;1!, !!! ;1!, ! ;1, -- ;11,
0- ;0!, + ;0o, 1o ;0-, ! ;11, !11 ;1!, . ;0o,
1+! ;0, !0- ;0, !. ;1!, !+o ;11, 11! ;0., 1 ;0!,
1o1 ;1!, !1 ;1+, !0! ;11, 1 ;1!, o0 ;0, 0- ;0!,
+ ;0., - ;0., 1! ;0-, !+o ;11, !. ;11, 1 ;10,
o! ;0o, 11! ;0, 1-. ;0, !1 ;0, !! ;0-, 11! ;0,
;10, 1+o ;10, !+1 ;1+, !! ;1!, 1o ;1!, .- ;10,
-o ;10, 1o ;1!, !.! ;10, !. ;1!, 1o ;11, +! ;0.,
+1 ;0., 1!! ;0-, !. ;0, !! ;10, !11 ;0-, +! ;0.,
!! ;0+, -! ;0o, !0! ;0, !0+ ;10, !.o ;10, 11! ;0,
0 ;0, 1!! ;0-, !1+ ;10, !0 ;10, !10 ;10, -! ;10,
!o ;0+, -! ;0., 1-o ;0, !. ;0-, !++ ;0-, 1.o ;10,
o+ ;1!, 11. ;1!, !10 ;1!, !+ ;1!, !1. ;1+, 1!! ;1+,
o.2 u.o) 12.1 u.o) 21. u.o) 2.o u.o) 21. u.o) 9.o u.o)
o.u u.1) 11.9 u.2) 21. u.2) 2. u.2) 22.1 u.2) 9. u.1)
!!! ;1+, !!. ;1!, ! ;1!, 1!- ;11, !1 ;0., 0o ;0!,
1! ;1!, 1- ;1!, !o! ;11, !.! ;1!, 1! ;11, +1 ;0o,
o ;1., 1+. ;!1, !!! ;!-, !01 ;!+, 1-. ;!!, .1 ;1o,
-0 ;10, 1. ;11, !-! ;0, !o- ;11, 1!! ;10, !! ;0.,
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lclgiquc
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kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
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G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
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luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
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1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
! ;0+, ;0, 1! ;10, !+ ;10, !+ ;10, !0- ;1!,
.! ;0., 111 ;0, !!o ;0-, !-1 ;10, !!. ;0-, o ;0,
-1 ;10, 10! ;0o, 1.+ ;0, !!! ;0, !.! ;0-, 1 ;0,
!+ ;0!, + ;0!, 1. ;0., !o ;0o, !.. ;0o, 1+ ;0o,
-0 ;0, 1! ;0, !+. ;0, !1 ;0, 1o ;10, 0 ;0o,
o- ;0, 1!+ ;0o, !10 ;0, ! ;0, !1 ;0, 10! ;0,
!! ;0., .o ;0+, 1!- ;0-, !+! ;1!, !! ;0, !.. ;0-,
+- ;0o, 10. ;0-, 1-! ;0, !0 ;0-, !.! ;11, 1!! ;10,
10. ;0, 1!o ;0, !1 ;0-, !o ;11, 1-0 ;10, -! ;0.,
1.1 ;1o, 1- ;11, !.! ;1!, !+1 ;1!, 1!. ;10, +1 ;0o,
10! ;0-, 1. ;11, !!0 ;0-, !.! ;1!, 11 ;1!, ;0-,
o. ;0+, 1!0 ;0o, !1o ;0-, !+ ;1!, !10 ;0-, 10o ;0o,
+0 ;0., ;0, 1! ;0-, !1 ;10, !. ;0-, 1.! ;0,
o ;0, 1!+ ;0, !!+ ;0-, !1 ;0-, 1-! ;0-, + ;0o,
! ;0, ;10, 1! ;11, !- ;11, !o ;1!, 1+. ;1!,
1. ;0!, o! ;0o, 1o ;0-, !!+ ;10, !- ;10, 11o ;0,
1- ;0, !11 ;0-, !.+ ;0, !!! ;0-, 111 ;0, !+ ;0+,
!o1 ;1+, !.o ;1!, !.. ;10, 1. ;11, . ;0, 1! ;0!,
.o ;0., o ;0o, 1. ;0, !! ;1!, !.! ;11, !!! ;10,
+ ;0o, 10 ;0o, 1-. ;0-, !o ;1!, !!0 ;1!, 1!o ;0,
11. ;11, 1.1 ;10, !! ;1!, !+. ;11, 1! ;1!, 0 ;1!,
1!- ;1!, 1! ;11, !+! ;10, !+. ;1!, 1+ ;10, ++ ;0.,
o+ ;0o, 1!- ;10, !.o ;0, !0. ;10, 1-0 ;0-, + ;0+,
+- ;0+, 10! ;0, 1-- ;0-, !o ;0-, !!. ;0-, 1+o ;0,
;0, 1!. ;0, 1-! ;0-, !.- ;11, !1o ;0-, 1!1 ;11,
++ ;0+, -+ ;0o, 1o ;0, !o- ;0-, !+1 ;0-, 1o. ;0-,
! ;1+, 1!! ;11, !0 ;10, !.o ;1!, !0 ;1+, 1!o ;1+,
. u.o) 12.o u.1) 2u. u.1) 2o.1 u.o) 21.u u.o) 11.o u.o)
.1 u.2) 12.1 u.2) 2u. u.2) 2o.1 u.2) 21.2 u.2) 11.o u.2)
!1 ;1o, !0+ ;1!, !0. ;1!, -+ ;0o, !! ;0., 0+ ;0!,
11 ;1o, 1 ;1!, !!o ;11, !1o ;10, 1+1 ;11, .- ;0,
o ;1o, 1!o ;!1, 1-- ;!., !! ;!o, !1 ;!o, ;1o,
1++ ;1!, 1-+ ;0, !o0 ;0, !!- ;10, 1!+ ;0-, +- ;0o,
I|lcu !1B
rourcentage dìves chaque niveau de comptence sur i`cheiie de comprhension de i`crit Retrouver de iìnormation
Niveau de comptence
Ir. t. Ir. t. Ir. t. Ir. t. Ir.t. Ir. t.
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+0 ;0+, 10 ;0o, !1 ;10, !00 ;11, !! ;10, - ;0,
o! ;0, 11. ;0, 1 ;0, !.! ;0-, !. ;0-, 1!+ ;0,
!+ ;0!, ;0+, 1+ ;0+, !o ;0o, !o+ ;0., 1o+ ;0.,
.+ ;0o, 10 ;0o, !!! ;0-, !0! ;0, !1 ;0-, ;0,
o! ;0o, 1!o ;0, !!. ;0, ! ;0-, !0 ;10, ! ;0,
1- ;0., .1 ;0+, 1! ;0, !o0 ;0-, !- ;0-, !!o ;0-,
+0 ;0., 11. ;0, !1 ;0-, !0! ;10, !!+ ;11, -0 ;0,
-! ;0, 1!! ;0-, !!0 ;10, !o+ ;10, 1- ;0, -. ;0.,
oo ;11, 1o0 ;1+, !! ;1!, !01 ;1., 1o! ;1!, ! ;0o,
o0 ;0, 1.- ;1!, !o0 ;11, !-- ;1!, 1- ;11, +! ;0o,
!o ;0+, 101 ;0o, !11 ;0, !-! ;11, !++ ;10, 11 ;0o,
!. ;0., ! ;0, 1! ;0-, ! ;11, !o1 ;11, 1.! ;10,
+1 ;0, 1!1 ;0, !o- ;1!, !!! ;1!, 1 ;0-, + ;0+,
!+ ;0, - ;11, 1- ;1+, !+! ;1., !. ;1o, ! ;10,
0 ;0!, + ;0o, 1-. ;10, ! ;1+, !0. ;1!, . ;0o,
1! ;0o, 1-. ;0-, ! ;10, !+! ;0-, 1!! ;0o, !! ;0+,
1+. ;0-, !10 ;1., !!! ;1!, 1o ;1!, ++ ;0o, 0! ;01,
.! ;0., -- ;0, 1 ;0, !!- ;11, !!- ;0-, 1-. ;0-,
o! ;0., 11! ;0, !0! ;0, ! ;0, !!0 ;0-, 11. ;0,
. ;0-, 1+o ;0-, !+. ;1+, ! ;1!, 1 ;1!, o0 ;0-,
;0-, 1o- ;1!, !o- ;11, !- ;1!, 1oo ;11, +0 ;0.,
! ;0., 1!o ;0-, !o. ;0, !! ;11, !01 ;0, +1 ;0+,
!1 ;0!, -. ;0o, 1- ;0, !o ;10, !.+ ;10, 1! ;0,
o ;0o, 1!- ;0-, !!! ;0-, !+ ;11, !1+ ;10, -! ;11,
++ ;0., 110 ;0o, !11 ;0, !oo ;0, !!- ;0-, 1+0 ;0-,
o! ;1!, 11o ;11, !1 ;1!, !o. ;1!, !1! ;1., 1! ;1!,
. u.o) 12.o u.o) 22. u.o) 2.o u.o) 21.2 u.o) 9.1 u.o)
. u.1) 12.2 u.2) 22.1 u.2) 2.o u.1) 21. u.2) 9.9 u.1)
!1. ;1!, !!! ;1+, !1 ;1., 1!+ ;10, !! ;0., 0o ;0!,
111 ;1!, 1o ;1+, !! ;1!, !oo ;1!, 1!1 ;1!, !+ ;0o,
oo ;1, 1.! ;!, !!- ;!!, !- ;!0, 1- ;!!, +- ;1!,
0 ;0-, 10 ;0, !! ;0-, ! ;11, 1+! ;11, ! ;0o,
I|lcu !1C
rourcentage dìves chaque niveau de comptence sur i`cheiie de comprhension de i`crit Interprter ie tete
Niveau de comptence
:ivcu 1 ;uoi:s ;cc !!. ;cc +0 ;cc +1 ;cc ..! ;lus cc
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- ;1!, 11. ;0, 1. ;0, !o! ;10, !+! ;0, 10 ;0o,
!1 ;0!, oo ;0+, 1o! ;0+, !. ;0., !! ;0., 1-+ ;0.,
. ;0, 1!! ;0-, !+- ;0-, !! ;0, 1-0 ;10, ! ;0,
o! ;0o, 11 ;0, !1! ;0, !-0 ;10, !1- ;0, -- ;0,
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.- ;0, 1!. ;0, !!+ ;0, ! ;11, !10 ;10, o ;0o,
1!0 ;0, 1!. ;0, !0+ ;11, !+0 ;0-, 1- ;0, 10! ;0o,
- ;11, 1!! ;11, !1o ;11, !! ;11, 1- ;1!, 1!. ;11,
! ;0, 1.! ;1!, !!o ;1!, !- ;11, 1 ;1!, o! ;0,
+ ;0., 110 ;0o, !!1 ;0, !0- ;0-, !!1 ;0, 1 ;0.,
!+ ;0+, oo ;0, 1o ;10, !0! ;10, !-. ;10, 1+. ;0-,
0 ;0-, 1+! ;11, !+1 ;1!, !0 ;10, 1-1 ;0, o. ;0o,
!- ;0, - ;0-, 1oo ;11, !! ;11, !! ;1!, 1o! ;1+,
1! ;0!, .+ ;0., 1-0 ;10, !o ;1!, !-. ;1!, ! ;0,
10 ;0, 1- ;0, !.+ ;11, !!! ;0, 1!- ;0., !o ;0+,
1o0 ;0-, !0 ;10, !.o ;0-, !11 ;0, 11 ;0-, + ;0o,
+. ;0., . ;0o, 1. ;0-, !.+ ;1!, !.o ;10, 1. ;1!,
! ;0, 10 ;0, 1 ;0, !1 ;0-, !! ;10, 1!! ;0,
110 ;11, 1++ ;1!, !!o ;1, !o! ;1+, 11 ;1!, ;11,
-1 ;0-, 1.0 ;1!, !++ ;1!, !o! ;11, 1-0 ;11, o+ ;0,
!- ;0+, 110 ;0, !!1 ;11, !11 ;1!, !!o ;0-, + ;0o,
+! ;0+, 10! ;0o, !0 ;0, !0+ ;0, !+! ;0-, 101 ;0,
-- ;0-, 1!o ;0-, !1o ;11, !.! ;10, 1-1 ;0-, 10. ;11,
!o ;0!, ! ;0o, 1+ ;0, !o ;0, !o. ;0-, 1-o ;10,
o! ;11, 11! ;1!, !0o ;11, !! ;11, !!! ;1, 1!. ;1!,
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o. u.1) 11.o u.2) 2u. u.2) 2.o u.2) 22. u.2) 1u.9 u.2)
1 ;1!, !! ;11, !-! ;11, 1 ;10, o0 ;0, 1! ;0!,
1.o ;1., 1oo ;11, !!+ ;1o, !+1 ;1o, 1+! ;1!, o0 ;0-,
11- ;!0, 1o1 ;!1, !++ ;!!, !+ ;!, 10 ;!-, . ;1!,
11 ;11, 1-! ;10, !1 ;11, !+- ;0-, 1!! ;0, ! ;0.,
I|lcu !1D
rourcentage dìves chaque niveau de comptence sur i`cheiie de comprhension de i`crit Richir sur ie contenu du tete
Niveau de comptence
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cc ciiic:c:cc sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivc c:t:c lcs c:io:u:ccs uo,c::cs cc ccs ccux ,s
ig:i|ctivcuc:t suc:icu:c u :ivcu sttistiquc l uo,c::c cc l`Dl
ls cc ciiic:c:cc sttistiquc sig:i|ctivc : :o:t l uo,c::c cc l`Dl
ig:i|ctivcuc:t i:ic:icu:c u :ivcu sttistiquc l uo,c::c cc l`Dl
lc:io:u:cc uo,c::c sig:i|ctivcuc:t suc:icu:c u :ivcu sttistiquc ccllc cu ,s c: o:co::cc
ls cc ciiic:c:cc sttistiquc sig:i|ctivc : :o:t u ,s c: o:co::cc
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comparaisons muitipies de ia perormance moyenne sur i`cheiie de comprhension de i`crit Interprter ie tete
li:l:cc ... ;!-,
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Instructions
A::lXl l1
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comparaisons muitipies de ia perormance moyenne sur i`cheiie de comprhension de i`crit Richir sur ie contenu du tete
Moyenne
Ir. t.
:c .+! ;1o,
ko,uucD:i .!- ;!.,
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kc tc|cquc +. ;!o,
ltlic +! ;!1,
lo:g:ic +1 ;+!,
lo:tugl +0 ;+.,
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lolog:c + ;+,
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lctto:ic +. ;.-,
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A::lXl l1
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I|lcu !!A
Rpartition des perormances des ives sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit
centiies
Moyenne Icart type s
e
10
e
2s
e
1s
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90
e
9s
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Moyenne Ir. t. Ic. t. Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t.
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
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kcu|liquc tc|cquc
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l::cc
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lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
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luxcu|ou:g
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:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
.! ;!., 10! ;1o, !.+ ;+, !-+ ;++, +. ;++, o0! ;+o, o.o ;+!, o. ;+.,
.0 ;!+, -! ;1o, !+1 ;.+, !! ;+!, ++ ;!, .! ;!0, o!1 ;!!, o+ ;!,
.0 ;!o, 10 ;!+, !0 ;10!, !.+ ;-, +! ;oo, . ;!!, o!+ ;!., o.- ;!+,
.!+ ;1o, -. ;11, !1 ;!, +10 ;!+, +! ;!0, o00 ;1., o.! ;1-, o1 ;!,
+-! ;!+, -o ;1-, !!0 ;-, !o ;+-, +!! ;!, .. ;!-, o10 ;!!, o! ;!o,
+- ;!+, - ;1, !!o ;o!, !o ;.0, +!+ ;!!, .oo ;!, o1 ;!-, o+. ;!o,
.+o ;!o, - ;!o, !-0 ;., +!- ;.1, +-! ;!-, o0 ;!o, o.+ ;!, o1 ;!+,
.0. ;!, -! ;1, !++ ;o!, !1 ;.!, +++ ;+., .0 ;!+, o1- ;!-, o+. ;!,
++ ;!., 111 ;1-, !+ ;-+, !!. ;o!, +1 ;+o, .o! ;!1, o1- ;!, o.0 ;!!,
++ ;.0, - ;!, !0. ;!, !+! ;+, +0- ;+, .+! ;+., .-. ;.1, o!. ;o0,
+0 ;+0, -+ ;!1, !!0 ;.o, !.+ ;.., +1+ ;.!, .+- ;+., .- ;++, o!o ;..,
.0 ;1., -! ;1+, !+. ;.0, !! ;!o, ++ ;!1, .! ;!!, o!1 ;!., o+ ;!,
.! ;!!, -+ ;1, !o0 ;o!, +01 ;o+, +o ;+!, .-! ;!o, o+1 ;+0, oo- ;!+,
+ ;!-, -1 ;!, !!1 ;., !o ;., +!- ;+1, ..! ;!!, o01 ;!, o! ;!1,
.!! ;.!, o ;!0, !oo ;11+, +0 ;-, +1 ;0, .! ;++, o!. ;+o, o.0 ;+!,
.!. ;!+, 0 ;1o, +0! ;.!, +!! ;++, +1 ;!-, .+ ;!o, o0 ;!-, o!- ;!!,
++1 ;1o, 100 ;1., !o ;.1, !11 ;++, ! ;!, .1! ;!0, .o+ ;!, .-! ;!.,
+!! ;!!, o ;!1, !+ ;++, !11 ;!+, !o0 ;!o, +! ;+, .!. ;.., .o. ;o!,
.!- ;!, 10 ;!0, !! ;+, !! ;.!, +.- ;+1, o0o ;!0, oo1 ;++, o-! ;o1,
.0. ;!, 10+ ;1, !!0 ;.-, !o+ ;.., ++0 ;+., .- ;!, o!1 ;!1, oo0 ;+o,
+- ;+., 100 ;!1, !0+ ;, !+! ;o, +1+ ;., ..1 ;o0, o0! ;oo, o!1 ;o0,
+0 ;+., - ;1, !00 ;o!, !! ;o!, +0! ;o+, .+1 ;+., .-! ;+!, o!0 ;!-,
+-! ;!, . ;1!, !++ ;., !- ;.0, +!o ;+o, ..! ;!o, .- ;!o, o!0 ;!-,
.1o ;!!, -! ;1!, !.+ ;+., !-! ;+0, +.o ;!1, .1 ;!1, o!0 ;!-, o. ;!1,
+-+ ;+!, 10! ;!0, !1o ;.., !.. ;., +!o ;.., .o ;+, o!1 ;.., o.1 ;.!,
.!! ;!o, 100 ;1., !.! ;+-, !-1 ;+1, +. ;!, .-. ;!., o.1 ;+!, o! ;+-,
.0+ ;1, 10. ;!, !!0 ;11, !o! ;11+, +!o ;, . ;o, o!o ;o., oo- ;o,
o99 2.u) 1uu u.) 122 1.o) 1o1 1.1) o11 2.) o9 1.o) o22 2.u) o1 2.1)
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!-o ;!1, o ;1-, !.. ;.0, ! ;+., !!- ;!+, +.! ;!+, .0 ;+!, .!- ;..,
+. ;.!, 10! ;!!, !! ;-, !!! ;!, !-0 ;o-, .!0 ;.!, .o ;., o1 ;oo,
+! ;+1, -o ;!-, !10 ;1.-, !.0 ;11, +1- ;-+, ..1 ;., o01 ;1, o!o ;!,
+o! ;+!, -! ;1, !0o ;o-, !+0 ;.+, +00 ;.1, .!o ;+., .- ;++, o0 ;.!,
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A::lXl l1
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I|lcu !!B
Rpartition des perormances des ives sur i`cheiie de comprhension de i`crit Retrouver de iìnormation
centiies
e
10
e
2s
e
1s
e
90
e
9s
e
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
o:
o:cc
luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
.!o ;!, 10 ;1o, !.1 ;.!, !-! ;+, +o! ;.0, o1! ;!, o1 ;.0, 0+ ;..,
.0! ;!!, -o ;1., !!! ;.., !+ ;+o, ++0 ;!!, .1 ;!, o1- ;!1, o+ ;!+,
.1. ;!-, 1!0 ;!, !-! ;--, !+! ;., +! ;0, o0! ;!o, o.o ;!o, o. ;!0,
.!0 ;1, 10! ;1!, !.. ;+1, !- ;!-, +o! ;!!, o01 ;1, o. ;!+, o-0 ;!,
+1 ;!, 10 ;1-, !-+ ;+, !+! ;.o, +1. ;!1, ... ;!+, o1+ ;!-, o+ ;!.,
+- ;!, 10. ;1-, !1! ;., !.- ;.-, +!0 ;!, .! ;!-, o!o ;!!, o. ;+1,
..o ;!, 10! ;!1, ! ;o-, +!! ;+, +-! ;!, o! ;!0, o! ;!!, 1! ;!,
.1. ;!0, 101 ;!1, !!. ;, !o ;o+, ++- ;+, . ;!, o! ;+0, oo ;!,
+! ;!+, 11+ ;!0, !+ ;10., !!1 ;o!, +1. ;+1, .o! ;!-, o!1 ;!1, o.! ;!!,
+.0 ;.+, 10- ;!0, !.- ;11o, !0o ;-!, ! ;0, .! ;++, .. ;.0, o1 ;o!,
+ ;++, 10 ;!!, !-+ ;!, !!! ;o!, +0+ ;., ... ;+, o1! ;+-, o+. ;.,
.00 ;1o, 10! ;1!, !1- ;+o, !o! ;+!, +!! ;!, .! ;!, o! ;!-, o.- ;!o,
.!+ ;!!, 100 ;1, !+ ;!, !-! ;o., +o! ;++, .-o ;!!, o+ ;!!, o. ;!-,
+ ;!1, 10+ ;!0, !0- ;101, !.! ;., +!! ;+0, .o0 ;!-, o1 ;+0, o+- ;!,
.!o ;.., - ;!1, !.! ;1!!, !- ;10!, +o ;, .-! ;+., o++ ;+, o+ ;.!,
.!0 ;!., ! ;1o, !o ;.0, +!1 ;+!, +o ;!1, . ;!1, o!1 ;!+, o.. ;!.,
+!! ;1o, 10- ;1+, !++ ;.., !-0 ;+!, !o+ ;!0, .1! ;!., .o ;!o, .-- ;!!,
+0! ;!-, 101 ;!!, !!- ;+, !0 ;+., !!1 ;+!, +! ;.!, .!! ;o0, .0 ;!,
.!. ;!, 11o ;!1, !! ;oo, ! ;o!, +o0 ;+1, o1o ;!-, o ;!-, 0 ;o-,
.0. ;!-, 110 ;1-, !0 ;o, !.o ;o., +! ;+o, .! ;!, o! ;!!, oo ;+!,
+. ;.0, 11! ;!!, ! ;-o, !!+ ;o, +01 ;o0, .. ;o!, o1. ;1, o+ ;o,
+.. ;+-, 10 ;!!, !o ;1, !11 ;-, !! ;o!, .!+ ;+-, . ;+!, o!1 ;+,
+! ;!0, -! ;1!, !!0 ;.!, !o1 ;+-, +!+ ;+1, .+- ;!0, .- ;!, o!! ;!+,
.1o ;!+, 10+ ;1., !!. ;+o, ! ;+!, ++ ;!, .-1 ;!, o+. ;!, oo ;!+,
+- ;++, 11! ;!1, !-. ;!, !++ ;o+, +!! ;.., . ;+-, o!o ;.!, oo ;.,
.!! ;!., 10. ;1., !+! ;.-, !+ ;+., +.. ;!!, .- ;!0, o.o ;+!, o ;+.,
+-- ;+, 11! ;!, !0! ;1!0, !+ ;1!0, +! ;-!, . ;o+, o! ;o0, o! ;!,
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!o. ;!+, - ;!1, !0! ;o!, !!- ;.!, !00 ;.1, +! ;+!, +- ;!., .!+ ;oo,
+.1 ;., 11 ;!+, !.0 ;101, !-o ;., !! ;!, .!. ;o!, .-- ;., o!! ;o,
+-! ;+-, 10o ;+, !0! ;1o, !+. ;1!-, +!! ;10, .o ;, o!0 ;, o.! ;1+0,
+.1 ;+-, 10 ;!1, !o- ;1, !0- ;1, ! ;o0, .!o ;.!, . ;.o, o!+ ;o.,
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Rpartition des perormances des ives sur i`cheiie de comprhension de i`crit Interprter ie tete
centiies
e
10
e
2s
e
1s
e
90
e
9s
e
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
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kcu|liquc tc|cquc
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l::cc
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lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
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lo:tugl
lsg:c
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ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
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moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
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.0 ;!+, -! ;1o, !+ ;.!, !+ ;!o, ++ ;!!, .. ;!!, o!+ ;!-, o.0 ;!,
.1! ;!!, 10. ;!0, !!! ;o., !o! ;o!, ++0 ;.-, .-1 ;!+, o! ;!o, oo. ;!-,
.!! ;1o, -. ;10, !o ;!, +0o ;!, +o- ;!1, .-- ;1., o.1 ;!1, o! ;!!,
.00 ;!+, -o ;1o, !!1 ;, !+ ;+-, ++0 ;!+, .o ;!0, o1- ;!!, o+- ;+0,
+-+ ;!+, -- ;1, !!+ ;o-, !o! ;+., +!0 ;+1, .o! ;!o, o1 ;!, o+ ;!,
... ;!-, - ;!!, !-0 ;o+, +!- ;++, +-o ;!1, o!! ;!, o1 ;!, 01 ;!-,
.0o ;!, -! ;1, !+. ;.+, !1 ;.0, +++ ;+!, .1 ;!, o!1 ;!!, o+- ;+!,
+ ;!., 10- ;1, !-+ ;+, !+0 ;o0, +1 ;+!, .o+ ;!-, o!! ;!!, o.+ ;!-,
+. ;+., - ;!+, !!! ;+, !.o ;!, +1. ;o, .! ;++, . ;+!, o1. ;+-,
+0 ;!, -0 ;1-, !! ;o!, !.- ;+o, +1 ;.1, .+. ;+!, .-+ ;+., o!1 ;+-,
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ANNEXE B1
277
Australie
Autriche
Belgique
Canada
Rpublique tchque
Danemark
Finlande
France
Allemagne
Grce
Hongrie
Islande
Irlande
Italie
Japon
2
Core
Luxembourg
Mexique
Nouvelle-Zlande
Norvge
Pologne
Portugal
Espagne
Sude
Suisse
Royaume-Uni
tats-Unis
Moyenne de lOCDE
Brsil
Lettonie
Liechtenstein
Fdration de Russie
Australie
Autriche
Belgique
Canada
Rpublique tchque
Danemark
Finlande
France
Allemagne
Grce
Hongrie
Islande
Irlande
Italie
Japon
2
Core
Luxembourg
Mexique
Nouvelle-Zlande
Norvge
Pologne
Portugal
Espagne
Sude
Suisse
Royaume-Uni
tats-Unis
Moyenne de lOCDE
Brsil
Lettonie
Liechtenstein
Fdration de Russie
Tableau 2.4
Variation des performances des lves entre et au sein des tablissements sur lchelle combine de comprhension de lcrit
Variation exprime en pourcentage de la variation moyenne
de la performance des lves (PE) dans les pays de lOCDE

Variation totale

de la PE exprime
Variation explique par lindice Variation explique par lindice

en pourcentage de
socio-economique international socio-economique international

la variation moyen- Vatiation Vatiation
des lves des lves et des tablissements
ne de la PE totale de la PE totale de la Variation Variation Variation Variation
Variation totale dans les pays entre les PE au sein des entre les au sein des entre les au sein des
de la PE
1
de lOCDE tablissements tablissements tablissements tablissements tablissements tablissements
Variation exprime en pourcentage de la variation moyenne de la performance
des lves (PE) dans les pays de lOCDE
Variation explique par des facteurs
Variation totale
gographiques/systmiques/institu-
entre les tablis-
Variation explique par des facteurs tionnels et par lindice socio-conomique
sements exprime
gographiques/systmiques/institutionnels des lves et des tablissements
en pourcentage de
Variation entre les Variation au sein Variation entre les Variation au sein la variation totale
tablissements des tablissements tablissements des tablissements au sein du pays
3
1. La variation totale de la
performance des lves est
le carr de lcart type qui
fgure au tableau 2.3a. Cest
la variance statistique qui est
utilise pour cette compa-
raison plutt que lcart type
afin quil soit possible de
dcomposer les diffrentes
composantes de la variation
de la PE. Pour des raisons
exposes dans le Rapport
technique PISA 2000, la
somme des composantes
de la variance entre et au
sein des tablissements peut,
pour certains pays, diffrer
lgrement du carr de
lcart type fgurant dans le
tableau 2.3a.
2. Les mthodes dchantillon-
nage utilises au Japon font
que la variation entre classes
lintrieur des tablisse-
ments est comprise dans
la variation entre tablisse-
ments pour le Japon.
3. On utilise souvent la dno-
mination de corrlation
intraclasse ou corrlation
interne (rho) pour dsigner
cet indice.
1.8 0.1 15.0 7.0 18.8
60.4 0.0 61.6 0.5 60.0
50.7 0.0 61.9 1.9 59.9
1.1 0.0 8.4 5.1 17.6
44.5 0.0 46.8 1.8 53.4
m m m m 18.6
m m m m 12.3
m m m m m
65.2 0.0 66.9 2.3 59.8
33.3 0.0 40.1 0.4 50.4
52.5 0.0 58.7 0.1 67.2
0.9 0.0 2.3 5.0 7.6
9.7 0.0 12.7 5.5 17.8
27.6 0.0 30.1 0.5 54.0
m m m m 45.4
10.9 0.0 12.0 0.2 37.4
m m m m 30.8
26.5 0.0 35.3 0.1 53.4
12.9 0.0 14.8 11.0 16.2
0.5 3.8 5.2 10.1 10.9
53.0 0.0 55.9 1.1 63.2
m m m m 36.8
6.2 0.0 10.9 3.1 20.7
2.7 2.6 6.9 8.1 9.7
22.1 0.0 29.7 4.1 43.4
7.3 0.0 17.1 6.7 21.4
m m m m 29.6
24.5 0.3 29.6 3.7
5.3 0.0 21.7 2.1 43.1
m m m m 31.2
m m m m 43.9
16.6 0.0 21.0 2.3 37.1
10 357 111.6 20.9 90.6 8.3 6.7 14.2 6.9
8 649 93.2 68.6 45.7 10.4 0.4 42.6 0.3
11 455 123.5 76.0 50.9 11.0 1.8 44.2 1.9
8 955 96.5 17.1 80.1 4.6 5.0 7.8 5.1
9 278 100.0 51.9 45.3 8.8 1.8 34.4 1.8
9 614 103.6 19.6 85.9 10.2 8.0 11.6 8.1
7 994 86.2 10.7 76.5 1.5 4.6 1.7 4.6
m m m m m m m m
12 368 133.3 74.8 50.2 11.7 2.3 51.5 2.3
9 436 101.7 53.8 52.9 7.0 1.1 25.0 1.1
8 810 95.0 71.2 34.8 8.3 0.3 49.4 0.2
8 529 91.9 7.0 85.0 1.6 5.0 1.7 5.0
8 755 94.4 17.1 79.2 5.5 5.7 10.1 5.7
8 356 90.1 50.9 43.4 3.4 0.5 23.8 0.5

7 358 79.3 36.5 43.9 m m m m
4 833 52.1 19.7 33.0 1.0 0.2 7.1 0.2
10 088 108.7 33.4 74.9 11.1 8.3 26.7 8.2
7 370 79.4 42.9 37.4 5.2 0.1 25.7 0.1
11 701 126.1 20.1 103.9 7.3 10.9 11.6 11.0
10 743 115.8 12.6 102.4 3.7 8.7 4.9 8.7
9 958 107.3 67.0 38.9 6.3 1.1 42.4 1.1
9 436 101.7 37.5 64.3 10.6 4.6 23.8 4.6
7 181 77.4 15.9 60.9 5.4 3.0 9.1 3.1
8 495 91.6 8.9 83.0 4.5 6.9 5.8 6.9
10 408 112.2 48.7 63.7 12.7 4.0 24.3 3.9
10 098 108.9 22.4 82.3 9.6 8.4 16.0 8.7
10 979 118.3 35.1 83.6 12.0 5.6 25.5 5.8
9 277 100 36.2 65.1 7.3 4.2 21.6 4.2
7 427.0 80.1 35.8 47.1 6.5 1.9 19.7 2.1
10 434.6 112.5 35.1 77.5 4.9 4.4 16.7 4.5
m m m m m m m m
8 465.8 91.3 33.6 57.1 4.8 2.4 15.4 2.3
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ANNEXE B1
283
CHELLE DE CULTURE
SCIENTIFIQUE
Australie
Autriche
Belgique
Canada
Rpublique tchque
Danemark
Finlande
France
Allemagne
Grce
Hongrie
Islande
Irlande
Italie
Japon
3
Core
Luxembourg
Mexique
Nouvelle-Zlande
Norvge
Pologne
Portugal
Espagne
Sude
Suisse
Royaume-Uni
tats-Unis
Moyenne de lOCDE
Brsil
Lettonie
Liechtenstein
Fdration de Russie
CHELLE DE CULTURE
MATHMATIQUE
Australie
Autriche
Belgique
Canada
Rpublique tchque
Danemark
Finlande
France
Allemagne
Grce
Hongrie
Islande
Irlande
Italie
Japon
3
Core
Luxembourg
Mexique
Nouvelle-Zlande
Norvge
Pologne
Portugal
Espagne
Sude
Suisse
Royaume-Uni
tats-Unis
Moyenne de lOCDE
Brsil
Lettonie
Liechtenstein
Fdration de Russie
1. La variation totale de la performance des lves est le carr de lcart type qui fgure au tableau 3.2 pour la culture mathmatique et au tableau 3.4 pour la culture scientifque. Cest la
variance statistique qui est utilise pour cette comparaison plutt que lcart type afn quil soit possible de dcomposer les diffrentes composantes de la variation de la performance des
lves. Pour des raisons exposes dans le Rapport technique PISA 2000, la somme des composantes de la variance entre tablissements et au sein des tablissements peut, pour certains pays,
diffrer lgrement du carr de lcart type fgurant dans les tableaux 3.1 et 3.3.
2. Les mthodes dchantillonnage utilises au Japon font que la variation entre classes lintrieur des tablissements est comprise dans la variation entre tablissements pour le Japon.
3. On utilise souvent la dnomination de corrlation intraclasse ou corrlation interne (rho) pour dsigner cet indice.
8 107 93.9 16.2 76.3 7.4 6.0 10.4 6.4 17.5
8 545 99.0 58.6 53.4 8.4 0.2 29.4 0.3 52.3
11 268 130.5 71.6 59.4 13.7 2.7 38.5 2.7 54.7
7 152 82.9 14.3 68.2 2.9 3.7 4.5 3.8 17.3
9 276 107.5 45.9 59.2 9.3 2.1 25.8 2.1 43.7
7 500 86.9 15.4 70.8 7.9 5.5 8.9 5.7 17.8
6 451 74.7 6.1 68.5 1.0 5.7 1.0 5.7 8.1
m m m m m m m m m
11 731 135.9 65.4 74.0 9.9 0.9 29.5 0.9 46.9
9 592 111.1 60.1 53.6 14.2 0.5 45.2 0.5 52.9
7 159 82.9 4.5 78.0 1.1 4.2 1.1 4.1 5.4
6 982 80.9 9.4 73.1 3.9 4.3 6.1 4.5 11.4
8 174 94.7 40.5 55.1 3.3 0.2 15.0 0.2 42.4
7 110 82.4 32.1 50.9 2.7 0.7 13.6 0.7 38.7
7 559 87.6 43.7 44.3 m m m m 49.7
8 566 99.2 24.9 73.4 9.5 6.9 21.0 6.8 25.3
6 834 79.2 41.1 39.3 6.1 0.4 23.4 0.4 51.1
9 748 112.9 19.8 93.7 7.8 10.1 11.7 10.2 17.5
8 383 97.1 7.8 89.1 1.5 6.2 1.6 6.2 8.1
10 510 121.8 63.3 53.5 7.5 0.3 38.8 0.2 54.2
8 341 96.6 30.1 64.0 10.5 4.8 18.2 5.0 32.0
8 192 94.9 17.1 76.1 5.9 2.5 9.0 2.6 18.3
8 724 101.1 8.3 92.7 5.3 8.7 6.0 8.7 8.3
9 922 115.0 47.5 68.2 9.6 3.2 21.1 3.0 41.1
8 402 97.3 21.2 72.0 8.5 6.0 14.8 6.5 22.7
9 671 112.0 35.0 74.5 12.4 6.3 24.2 6.5 32.0
9 671 112.0 35.0 74.5 12.4 6.3 24.2 6.5 32.0

9 493 110.0 40.0 71.5 26.8 71.8 15.5 71.0 35.9
10 654 123.4 33.1 90.8 30.9 88.1 24.4 88.0 26.7
9 162 106.2 m m m m m m m
10 837 125.6 45.5 79.9 39.6 77.2 31.8 77.2 36.3
8 879 98.4 17.2 81.0 5.7 4.5 9.6 4.8 17.5
8 327 92.3 58.7 46.5 10.5 0.6 33.4 0.5 55.8
12 314 136.5 77.4 62.3 14.4 2.2 46.0 2.3 55.4
7 893 87.5 13.9 71.9 3.4 4.5 4.9 4.6 16.2
8 821 97.8 39.2 58.0 9.9 2.0 26.1 2.1 40.3
10 652 118.1 19.4 101.6 8.7 10.2 9.7 10.5 16.0
7 446 82.6 5.5 78.1 0.9 3.8 1.0 3.8 6.6
m m m m m m m m m
9 390 104.1 42.0 62.9 5.5 0.4 18.6 0.3 40.0
10 510 116.5 65.9 58.9 11.8 0.7 49.0 0.4 52.8
7 705 85.4 6.4 78.3 1.0 1.4 0.8 1.5 7.6
8 416 93.3 13.3 81.2 4.7 5.4 7.5 5.4 14.1
9 612 106.6 46.9 64.2 3.1 0.5 14.1 0.4 42.2
6 508 72.2 27.6 44.5 1.6 0.3 10.0 0.2 38.3
8 185 90.7 40.6 50.9 m m m m 44.4
9 281 102.9 28.0 73.4 6.9 4.6 21.6 4.5 27.6
5 940 65.9 26.8 38.8 5.0 0.0 15.5 -0.6 40.9
10 149 112.5 18.9 92.6 7.7 10.0 11.4 10.0 16.9
9 128 101.2 10.2 92.5 2.9 6.7 3.3 6.7 10.0
9 378 104.0 53.3 50.5 7.0 0.4 33.1 0.4 51.4
7 923 87.8 27.4 60.3 8.0 3.9 16.3 3.9 31.3
9 097 100.9 18.2 82.5 8.1 3.5 11.1 3.6 18.0
8 688 96.3 8.0 90.0 3.5 6.0 4.0 6.0 8.2
10 012 111.0 45.4 63.9 8.7 3.7 19.5 3.6 41.6
9 639 106.9 24.6 76.7 9.0 7.1 16.0 7.6 24.3
10 217 113.3 40.3 73.0 14.1 6.7 26.1 7.1 35.6
10 217 113.3 40.3 73.0 14.1 6.7 26.1 7.1 35.6

8 181 90.7 25.5 65.2 7.7 0.2 14.6 0.8 28.1
9 543 105.8 29.8 74.5 4.0 3.0 12.2 3.0 28.6
8 896 98.6 m m m m m m
9 825 108.9 33.2 75.3 4.0 2.0 10.9 1.9 30.6
Tableau 3.5
Rpartition des performances des lves entre et au sein des tablissements sur les chelles de culture mathmatique et scientifique
Variation exprime en pourcentage de la variation moyenne
Variation
de la performance des lves (PE) dans les pays de lOCDE
totale

Variation totale
Variation du statut profession- Variation du statut profession-
entre les

de la PE exprime
nel des lves explique par nel des lves et des tablis-
tablissements,

en pourcentage de
lindice socio-conomique sements explique par
exprime en

la variation moy- Variation Variation
international (ISEI) des lves lISEI des lves
pourcentage
Variation enne de la PE totale de totale de la Variation de Variation de la Variation de Variation de la de la variation
totale dans les pays la PE entre PE au sein des la PE entre les PE au sein des la PE entre les PE au sein des totale au
de la PE
1
de lOCDE tablissements tablissements tablissements tablissements tablissements tablissements sein du pays
2
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++ ;.0, +o1 ;+-, ++ ;.o, 1+ 00 ! !.o
+0 ;+0, +-o ;+!, + ;+0, 10 -00 !0 !
.! ;!!, .1! ;!!, .0! ;!, !. !00 !1 01.
+ ;!-, + ;!1, +. ;!-, !1 00 o0 !+
.!! ;.!, ..0 ;.., .. ;.., !+ .00 .! !..
.!. ;!+, ..! ;!, .+ ;!, 1. -00 !0 ++
+!! ;!!, +!! ;!!, ! ;!+, 100 11 !!-
.0. ;!, .00 ;!, +-- ;!, ! o00 o1 o
+- ;+., +! ;.1, +0 ;.., 100 1o 1.+
+0 ;+., +.- ;+0, +.+ ;+1, 1o .00 !o .!1
+-! ;!, +-1 ;!0, +o ;!1, 1 100 !o o--
.1o ;!!, .1! ;!., .10 ;!., !! 000 .! !o
+-+ ;+!, +-o ;++, .!- ;++, ! .00 o+ !oo
.!! ;!o, .!! ;!, .!- ;!., !! !00 +! -!
.0+ ;1, +-- ;!, +-! ;o, !! -00 o !1!
o99 2.u) u2 2.u) o9 2.1)
uu u.o) uu u.) uu u.)
!-o ;!1, !. ;!!, !!+ ;!, o +0 -!!1
+. ;.!, +o0 ;.o, +o! ;+., o 1o+ u
+! ;+1, +o ;1, .1+ ;0, !! !!. u
+o! ;+!, +o0 ;+, + ;.., o -!0 u
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lclgiquc ;ou 0,
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
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:o:vcgc
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lclgiquc ;ou 0,
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Indice dìntrt pour ia iecture et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
2SULTATSBASSSURLESRPONSESDESLVES
Indice dìntrt pour ia iecture
1
1ous ies ives Hommes Iemmes Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
quartiie Quartiie sup.
Indice Indice Indice Indice Indice Indice Indice
moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t.
rerormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit,
Variation du score sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension
par quartiies nationau de iìndice dìntrt pour ia iecture
2

de i`crit par unit de progression de iìndice
Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
quartiie Quartiie sup. de iìntrt pour ia iecture
2
Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Variation Ir. t.
1 Voi: l`::cxc A1 ou: u:c cc|:itio: cc lì:cicc
! Voi: l`::cxc A! ou: l v:itio: cxliqucc lcs u:itcs cc :og:cssio: c: c:ctc:cs g:s so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivcs lo:squc l ciiic:c:cc c:t:c lcs
qu:tilcs i:ic:icu: ct suc:icu: cst i:ciqucc c: g:s, cllc cst sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivc
! lc tux cc :co:sc cst t:o ii|lc ou: c:uctt:c u:c cou:iso: ;voi: ::cxc A!,
00! ;00!, 01o ;00!, 01! ;00!, 10! ;00!, 0!. ;001, 0!1 ;001, 100 ;00!,
00- ;00!, 0+1 ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 1++ ;001, 0++ ;001, 0!0 ;001, 1!1 ;00!,
0!! ;00!, 0.+ ;00!, 00 ;00!, 1o0 ;001, 0.. ;001, 001 ;001, 0o ;00!,
011 ;00!, 0!1 ;00!, 0+ ;00!, 1!- ;00!, 0! ;001, 0+! ;001, 1. ;001,
01- ;00!, 00 ;00!, 0+. ;00!, 11! ;00!, 01- ;001, 0.0 ;001, 1. ;001,
01- ;00!, 0!o ;00!, 0o1 ;00!, 11! ;001, 01 ;001, 0+ ;001, 1. ;001,
00o ;00!, 0! ;00!, 0!. ;00!, 1++ ;001, 0+! ;001, 0!+ ;001, 1! ;00!,
00o ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 1+! ;00!, 0+! ;001, 0!! ;001, 1+0 ;001,
00o ;00!, 0!o ;00!, 01+ ;00!, 1!0 ;00!, 0!. ;001, 01 ;001, 11+ ;00!,
00+ ;00!, 0!+ ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 1+0 ;001, 0!! ;001, 0! ;001, 1.+ ;001,
011 ;00!, 0!- ;00!, 01 ;00!, 1+! ;001, 0++ ;001, 0!! ;001, 1!! ;001,
0!1 ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 0!- ;00+, 1+ ;001, 0o! ;000, 011 ;001, 0-. ;00!,
00 ;00!, 0! ;00!, 01+ ;00!, 1!. ;00!, 0!- ;001, 0!0 ;001, 1!. ;00!,
01. ;001, 00+ ;00!, 0!. ;00!, 0o+ ;00!, 00. ;000, 0! ;000, 0-- ;001,
00 ;00!, 010 ;00!, 0!. ;00!, 11o ;00!, 0!. ;001, 0!! ;001, 1! ;00!,
001 ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 1! ;001, 0!o ;001, 0!! ;001, 1+o ;001,
0!! ;00!, 01+ ;00!, 0. ;00!, 100 ;001, 00. ;001, 0+- ;001, 1+o ;001,
00- ;001, 00 ;00!, 0!o ;00!, 0. ;00!, 010 ;000, 0!o ;000, 10 ;00!,
00+ ;00!, 0!- ;00!, 0!o ;00!, 1!+ ;00!, 0! ;001, 0!0 ;001, 1!- ;00!,
00! ;00!, 01o ;00+, 01- ;00!, 1!! ;00!, 0!- ;001, 0! ;001, 1!+ ;00!,
-u.u1 u.u1) -u.2u u.u2) u.19 u.u2) -1.2u u.u1) -u.11 u.uu) u.2o u.uu) 1.2 u.u1)
u.uu u.uu) -u.2o u.u1) u.2o u.u1) -1.21 u.uu) -u.11 u.uu) u.2 u.uu) 1.1u u.uu)
0!1 ;00!, 01! ;00!, 0+o ;00!, 00 ;00!, 00o ;001, 0+ ;001, 1!- ;00!,
0!! ;00!, 00+ ;00!, 0.0 ;00!, 0-1 ;00!, 01! ;001, 0+- ;001, 1+ ;001,
00 ;00., 0! ;00, 01. ;00, 1!! ;00+, 0! ;00!, 01 ;00!, 1!! ;00o,
01. ;00!, 00 ;00!, 0!. ;00!, 11. ;00!, 0!1 ;001, 0++ ;001, 1.1 ;001,
01 ;00+, 0.! ;00+, 01 ;00+, 1.! ;00!, 0.+ ;001, 01! ;001, 1! ;00!,
+9s ;+0, .0. ;+!, .+0 ;+, s88 ;+o, +1.1 ;!!,
+81 ;!1, +. ;!., .1+ ;!+, ss1 ;!., 28.s ;1+,
s1s ;+., .1o ;o1, .++ ;.!, s10 ;o0, 22.o ;!0.,
+11 ;!o, ++ ;!0, .1! ;!!, s+8 ;!1, 2o.1 ;1!-,
+12 ;!!, +- ;!+, .0! ;!o, ss1 ;!., 29.o ;1.,
s02 ;!, .! ;+o, .o+ ;!, s99 ;!!, 1o.1 ;11,
+o8 ;!, +1 ;!, .00 ;+!, ss2 ;!, 10.0 ;1o.,
+s1 ;!, +oo ;.+, +- ;.!, s29 ;++, 21.8 ;1..,
+1s ;!!, +-! ;!1, .1+ ;!+, so0 ;!!, 1s.1 ;1.,
+9s ;!, .0! ;+0, .!o ;+1, s80 ;!, 10.0 ;1+o,
+o1 ;+!, ++ ;+!, +-0 ;!., s2+ ;!!, 22.s ;1.1,
+91 ;!, .1- ;!!, .!o ;!., ss1 ;!o, 22.o ;1!,
+++ ;!0, +! ;!., +.1 ;!0, +90 ;!+, 11.0 ;1,
+!! ;+1, +!0 ;!-, +1 ;!, +!! ;.0, 8.8 ;!o1,
s0o ;!., .0- ;+., .!+ ;+, s91 ;+0, 1+.s ;10,
+11 ;.0, + ;+0, .1o ;!, so9 ;!!, 1+.s ;1.,
++2 ;+, +.+ ;o1, +! ;+, s11 ;+, 2o.1 ;1o1,
+19 ;!1, .01 ;!!, .!+ ;!!, so8 ;!, +1.8 ;!01,
+o+ ;+!, +- ;+o, +-- ;., s+8 ;.1, 11.s ;1-+,
+88 ;1, +-. ;o., .0 ;-, ss8 ;o-, 21.0 ;!!,
oo 1.2) o2 1.u) o9 1.o) 1 1.1) 21.o 1.1o)
oo u.) o 1.1) u 1.1) o9 u.9) 2.9 u.o1)
191 ;+!, !-. ;!., !-- ;+., +19 ;+!, 10.0 ;!11,
+29 ;oo, ++0 ;o., +o+ ;.!, s12 ;.o, 12.s ;!!1,
+s+ ;100, +o! ;-o, +-+ ;10!, s28 ;10, 29.s ;.1!,
++0 ;.1, +.! ;!., +o ;+, +98 ;.!, 20.+ ;11o,
s10 ;+, .1o ;+-, .!+ ;+, s12 ;+o, 22.8 ;1-!,
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lclgiquc ;ou 0,
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l:csil
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kcu|liquc tc|cquc
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li:l:cc
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lsl:cc
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Indice dìntrt pour ies mathmatiques et perormance sur i`cheiie de cuiture mathmatique, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
Indice dìntrt pour ies mathmatiques
1
e
quartiie 1
e
rerormance sur i`cheiie de cuiture mathmatique, par quartiies
nationau de iìndice dìntrt pour ies mathmatiques
2

Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
00+ ;00!, 01+ ;00!, 00 ;00!, 0-+ ;00!, 01 ;001, 0! ;001, 0-- ;00!,
0!! ;00!, 00! ;00!, 0+! ;00!, 1!. ;00!, 0+ ;001, 00! ;001, 0- ;00!,
011 ;00!, 00o ;00+, 01o ;00!, 1!1 ;00!, 0!! ;001, 011 ;001, 100 ;00!,
00 ;00!, 00. ;00!, 01 ;00!, 1!+ ;00!, 0!0 ;001, 01 ;001, 10- ;00!,
0+ ;00!, 0o! ;00+, 0!1 ;00+, 0- ;00!, 01 ;001, 0o ;001, 1-! ;00!,
00 ;00!, 00o ;00!, 01- ;00!, 1! ;00!, 0!. ;001, 01 ;001, 11 ;00!,
00 ;00!, 011 ;00+, 0!! ;00!, 1!! ;00!, 0!+ ;001, 01- ;001, 1!! ;00!,
00+ ;00!, 00! ;00+, 00o ;00!, 1!. ;00!, 0!o ;001, 01. ;001, 1! ;00!,
011 ;00!, 00- ;00!, 01! ;00!, 100 ;00!, 01 ;001, 0!! ;001, 1! ;00!,
001 ;00!, 00o ;00!, 00 ;00+, 1!1 ;00!, 0!1 ;001, 0!- ;001, 1! ;00!,
000 ;00!, 00! ;00+, 00! ;00+, 1!- ;00!, 0!- ;001, 0!- ;001, 1!1 ;00!,
0! ;00!, 0!. ;00., 0!- ;00., 1oo ;001, 0oo ;001, 001 ;001, 1! ;00!,
01 ;00!, 00. ;00!, 0!0 ;00+, 1+! ;00!, 0+ ;001, 00 ;001, 111 ;00!,
0!- ;00!, 0! ;00!, 0+0 ;00!, 0+ ;00!, 01 ;001, 0.! ;000, 1!! ;00!,
00- ;00!, 0!0 ;00+, 001 ;00!, 11. ;00!, 01 ;001, 0! ;001, 1!1 ;00!,
0! ;00!, 00+ ;00+, 0.1 ;00+, 1+ ;00!, 0o0 ;001, 00- ;001, 11! ;00!,
0!o ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 0!1 ;00!, 0-o ;00!, 001 ;001, 0.! ;001, 1+ ;00!,
0!1 ;00!, 00 ;00!, 0!+ ;00!, 1!+ ;00!, 0! ;001, 00+ ;001, 0. ;00!,
00! ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 0!o ;00!, 1!1 ;00!, 0!0 ;001, 0!+ ;001, 11 ;00!,
00 ;00!, 010 ;00., 00. ;00!, 11 ;00+, 01- ;001, 0!o ;001, 1!! ;00!,
u.u u.u1) u.1u u.u2) u.u1 u.u2) -1.1 u.u2) -u.22 u.u1) u.1u u.u1) 1.2 u.u1)
u.uu u.uu) u.u9 u.u1) -u.u9 u.u1) -1.22 u.u1) -u.2 u.uu) u.2 u.uu) 1.22 u.u1)
0o- ;00!, 0. ;00!, 0o. ;00!, 0! ;00!, 0! ;001, 0 ;001, 1-1 ;00!,
0+0 ;00+, 0+! ;00+, 0!- ;00+, 0o ;00!, 010 ;001, 0o ;001, 1o1 ;00!,
00! ;00, 0!! ;00, 0!o ;00-, 0-o ;00-, 0!+ ;00!, 01 ;001, 0-o ;00-,
01! ;00!, 011 ;00!, 01+ ;00!, 10. ;00!, 0!0 ;001, 0! ;001, 1! ;00!,
00! ;00!, 0!o ;00., 0!! ;00+, 1! ;00!, 0!1 ;001, 0!+ ;001, 1! ;00!,
s29 ;o1, .!. ;+, .!0 ;+, so0 ;.!, 1s.0 ;!10,
s10 ;+!, .1- ;++, .10 ;.0, s2o ;+, 1.8 ;!!,
s11 ;.1, .+o ;.-, .+. ;oo, so+ ;., 12.s ;!1!,
+91 ;++, +-. ;+., .0- ;+!, s21 ;+, 11.s ;!1!,
+9o ;!-, .0 ;!, .!1 ;+o, s+8 ;++, 11.1 ;10,
s08 ;!., .! ;!, .+1 ;!, s1s ;!+, 2s.0 ;1.,
+91 ;++, + ;+0, +-+ ;.0, s1+ ;+, 8.9 ;1-,
+11 ;.o, +! ;+, +-! ;.., s11 ;.-, 1+.0 ;!!!,
+99 ;+1, .0! ;+1, .!0 ;+1, s+9 ;+!, 22.9 ;!1o,
s01 ;!-, .00 ;++, +-- ;.1, s19 ;+o, 1.8 ;!0,
++1 ;+1, +.. ;.+, +.+ ;+., +1s ;.1, 9.1 ;!!-,
s01 ;+0, .! ;!o, .o+ ;+o, s8+ ;+1, 2o.1 ;1+,
+o. ;!-, +.+ ;+., +.1 ;+., +o. ;+., 0. ;!1.,
!. ;.!, !o ;+!, ! ;+., !-o ;.o, 9.s ;!0.,
s12 ;.0, .!- ;.0, .!+ ;.1, soo ;o1, 11.s ;!,
+1s ;+1, +-! ;+., .0! ;+, s++ ;+!, 22.o ;1o,
+11 ;+, +.1 ;.!, +.- ;.!, +1+ ;., 1s.s ;!1o,
+9s ;!!, .0- ;+!, .0 ;++, s1+ ;+o, 1o.0 ;!10,
.!. ;o., .!! ;o0, .!1 ;.., .+1 ;.o, o.9 ;!.+,
+91 ;-., +-! ;o!, +- ;10, s2s ;-, 12.0 ;!0-,
oo 1.9) o1 1.u) oo o.1) u9 o.) o.1 1.)
o9 1.2) o9o 1.2) u1 1.1) 2o 1.1) 1u. u.o1)
128 ;+-, !!+ ;.+, !+0 ;., 1s9 ;0, 11.+ ;!-.,
++2 ;o0, +o! ;-, +o. ;o+, +92 ;o1, 18.1 ;!1o,
.11 ;1!-, .11 ;1o-, .0o ;1.0, .!! ;1.!, o ;10!o,
+o0 ;o, +oo ;., +! ;!, s11 ;.!, 20.1 ;!.,
sss ;o1, ... ;o., .o- ;o+, s80 ;., -o ;!!,
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Variation du score sur i`cheiie de cuiture
mathmatique par unit de progression de iìndice
de iìntrt pour ies mathmatiques
2
A::lXl l1
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Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
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luxcu|ou:g
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:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
l,sls
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kcu|liquc tc|cquc
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lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
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moyenne Je lÒcDL
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Indice du got pour ia iecture et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
Indice du got pour ia iecture
1
e
quartiie 1
e
Variation du score sur i`cheiie combine
par quartiies nationau de iìndice de got pour ia iecture
2

de comprhension de i`crit par unit
Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
quartiie Quartiie sup. de progression de iìndice de got pour ia iecture
2
00 ;00!, 0!- ;00!, 01o ;00!, 1!o ;00!, 0!- ;001, 01. ;001, 1!1 ;00!,
00+ ;00!, 0+ ;00!, 0!. ;00!, 1+o ;00!, 0.. ;001, 0! ;001, 1. ;00!,
0!. ;00!, 0.! ;00!, 00+ ;00!, 1+! ;001, 0o1 ;001, 001 ;000, 10 ;00!,
000 ;001, 0!1 ;001, 0!0 ;00!, 1!1 ;001, 0! ;000, 0!o ;000, 1+0 ;001,
01 ;00!, 0!+ ;00!, 0.+ ;00!, 10! ;00!, 01- ;001, 0++ ;001, 1+ ;00!,
000 ;00!, 0!1 ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 11 ;001, 0!. ;001, 0!. ;001, 1!0 ;00!,
0!0 ;00!, 0! ;00!, 0o+ ;00!, 10 ;00!, 01o ;001, 0+o ;001, 1.o ;00!,
00o ;00!, 0!+ ;00!, 01- ;00!, 1!o ;001, 0!- ;001, 01 ;001, 1!+ ;00!,
00 ;00!, 0.0 ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 1.1 ;001, 0. ;001, 0!+ ;001, 1.0 ;00!,
001 ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 01- ;00!, 0 ;00!, 0!o ;000, 01. ;001, 0-! ;00!,
00 ;00!, 01. ;00!, 0!- ;00!, 0-1 ;001, 0!. ;000, 0!! ;001, 1!0 ;00!,
00! ;00!, 0!+ ;00!, 0! ;00!, 10- ;00!, 0!- ;001, 0!! ;001, 1!! ;00!,
00 ;00!, 0!o ;00!, 0!1 ;00!, 1!o ;001, 0+1 ;001, 01 ;001, 1!1 ;00!,
000 ;00!, 0! ;00!, 0!- ;00!, 11+ ;00!, 0!+ ;001, 0!! ;001, 1!. ;00!,
00- ;00!, 00 ;00!, 0!+ ;00+, 11o ;001, 0!! ;001, 0!- ;001, 1.+ ;00!,
00! ;00!, 00 ;00!, 01+ ;00+, 0- ;001, 0!1 ;000, 01 ;001, 11o ;00!,
010 ;00!, 0+! ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 1! ;00!, 0+. ;001, 01o ;001, 1!- ;00!,
0!- ;00!, 01! ;00!, 0+o ;00!, 0. ;00!, 00! ;000, 0++ ;001, 1!- ;00!,
001 ;00!, 0!1 ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 110 ;00!, 0!0 ;001, 0!1 ;001, 1!! ;00!,
0!! ;00!, 0.+ ;00!, 01! ;00!, 1! ;00!, 0.o ;001, 00! ;001, 10 ;00!,
001 ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 0- ;00!, 0!1 ;001, 01! ;001, 11! ;00!,
0!1 ;00!, 00! ;00!, 0o! ;00!, 0. ;00!, 001 ;001, 0.1 ;001, 1+- ;00!,
00+ ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 11 ;001, 0! ;000, 01o ;001, 1!! ;00!,
00o ;00!, 0!. ;00!, 0!+ ;00!, 1! ;001, 0+. ;001, 01- ;001, 1! ;00!,
00o ;00!, 0!- ;00!, 0.1 ;00!, 1! ;00!, 0! ;001, 0! ;001, 1o0 ;00!,
010 ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 01! ;00!, 1!! ;00!, 0!- ;000, 01! ;001, 110 ;00!,
01! ;00!, 0!+ ;00+, 00o ;00+, 1!0 ;00!, 0+! ;001, 00. ;001, 11o ;00!,
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u.uu u.uu) -u.2 u.u1) u.2 u.u1) -1.1o u.uu) -u.1 u.uu) u.21 u.uu) 1.29 u.uu)
01. ;00!, 01! ;00!, 0! ;00!, 0! ;001, 01- ;001, 0!1 ;001, 1!0 ;00!,
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00. ;001, 01! ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 0! ;001, 0!. ;000, 01 ;000, 10 ;001,
0! ;00!, 0.. ;00+, 00! ;00+, 1!o ;00!, 0o0 ;001, 00+ ;001, 0-. ;00!,
+19 ;!, +-o ;++, ..1 ;!, s91 ;+!, +1.8 ;!0o,
+o8 ;!!, +! ;!!, .1- ;!!, so0 ;!1, 29.1 ;1!.,
+81 ;!, +- ;+!, .1! ;+, so2 ;.!, 10.8 ;11,
+8o ;1-, .1+ ;!1, ..! ;!0, s90 ;1o, 1o.2 ;00,
+s9 ;!0, +o ;!, .1 ;!0, ss0 ;!0, 11.8 ;1+,
+s2 ;!, +o ;!+, .11 ;!+, sss ;!., +0.0 ;1o-,
+91 ;!!, .!o ;+., .oo ;!o, o0+ ;!., +0.0 ;11!,
+19 ;!!, +- ;!-, .1 ;+1, ss2 ;!-, 21.s ;1!-,
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+82 ;!-, .0. ;+0, .!o ;+1, s88 ;!!, +0.1 ;1o!,
+o1 ;+0, +o ;!!, +-1 ;+!, s12 ;!0, 28.0 ;1.,
+99 ;.!, .0- ;.-, .!o ;.-, so2 ;++, 21.8 ;1..,
+9+ ;!-, .1! ;!1, .!. ;!, ss8 ;!o, 2s.9 ;1!o,
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+11 ;.!, +0 ;!, +!0 ;+1, ++s ;+., 1+.o ;!.-,
+81 ;!1, .01 ;+., .+ ;++, s91 ;+!, +1.1 ;1-.,
+o1 ;.1, ++ ;!-, .1+ ;!-, s10 ;!1, +2.s ;!1!,
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+1o ;+o, ++- ;.-, +! ;+, s21 ;+., 11.s ;1!,
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+o9 ;!, +-o ;!!, .! ;!., s1o ;!!, 19.s ;1..,
++1 ;+!, +0 ;+, .0- ;+-, sso ;.1, 1+.8 ;1+,
+81 ;!, .0! ;!!, .!o ;!!, s81 ;!, +0.+ ;1..,
+1+ ;o!, +1 ;-, .1+ ;o, soo ;o!, 11.0 ;!!!,
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+22 ;o, +!- ;.., +o ;., s11 ;o+, +2.1 ;!!!,
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+11 ;+-, ++o ;+0, +0 ;+!, s0+ ;., 1+.9 ;11,
s01 ;!, .1! ;o0, .! ;.!, s12 ;+!, 21.o ;!1!,
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1emps par jour que ies ives consacrent ia iecture pour ie ioisir et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit
Iives dciarant Iives dciarant iire Iives dciarant iire Iives dciarant iire Iives dciarant
ne pas iire pour 10 minutes par jour entre 10 et o0 minutes entre 1 et 2 heures iire pius de 2 heures
ieur ioisir ou moins par jour par jour par jour
Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t.
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+11 ;11, + ;!., ! ;0, .! ;!0, 11 ;0, .!- ;+!, -0 ;0., .+0 ;.o, !1 ;0+, .!! ;-,
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!00 ;0, +! ;!+, !. ;0, .1- ;!-, !o ;0, .!! ;!1, 10o ;0., .!- ;+!, !+ ;0!, .1+ ;100,
+1o ;0-, +.- ;!0, !0 ;0, .1 ;!o, 10 ;0o, .!! ;!-, ;0+, .+! ;++, +o ;0!, .01 ;+,
!!0 ;0, +.- ;.-, !oo ;0, +o ;., !! ;0, .01 ;o!, !00 ;0, + ;+, ;0., +.+ ;0,
!o0 ;0-, ++ ;+!, !! ;0, +-+ ;+!, !+! ;0, .0+ ;.1, 1!+ ;0o, .01 ;o!, 1 ;0., +o ;o-,
!- ;0, +oo ;!-, !0 ;0, .1- ;!!, !!. ;0, .+! ;!., o- ;0+, .!- ;o1, !- ;0!, .! ;10,
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!0 ;11, +o1 ;!, !0! ;0o, +- ;!!, !!. ;0, .0- ;!o, 1!0 ;0, .0! ;+, ! ;0!, .0- ;-o,
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!0o ;0, .0! ;!, !-o ;0, .!- ;!1, !1- ;0, .!o ;!!, 1!0 ;0., .++ ;!., o0 ;0+, .!- ;.!,
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!o0 ;10, +! ;!, !0 ;0, .! ;!o, !10 ;0o, .+ ;!1, ;0., ..o ;+-, !+ ;0!, .!- ;,
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!-1 ;0, +. ;!0, !. ;0, .!! ;!1, !!- ;0, ..- ;!., -+ ;0., ..o ;.o, !- ;0!, .! ;-,
+0 ;1!, +- ;0, !1! ;11, .!0 ;!, 1o! ;0, .!1 ;+, 1 ;0o, .!- ;1!!, !- ;0., .11 ;10,
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Indice des stratgies dàutorguiation et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
Indice des stratgies dàutorguiation
1
e
quartiie 1
e
par quartiies nationau de iìndice des stratgies dàutorguiation
2

de comprhension de i`crit par unit de progression
Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
quartiie Quartiie sup. de iìndice des stratgies dàutorguiation
2
00! ;00!, 00. ;00!, 010 ;00!, 1!0 ;00!, 0!o ;001, 0!0 ;001, 1!+ ;00!,
0+0 ;00!, 0!1 ;00!, 0+ ;00!, 0! ;00!, 01! ;001, 0o+ ;001, 1.+ ;00!,
01+ ;00!, 00 ;00!, 0!1 ;00!, 0-o ;00!, 011 ;001, 0! ;001, 1!. ;00!,
0! ;00!, 011 ;00!, 0+! ;00!, 0+ ;001, 00! ;000, 0.0 ;001, 1+. ;00!,
0!! ;001, 0!+ ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 1!. ;00!, 0+ ;001, 000 ;001, 01 ;00!,
0+ ;00!, 0.! ;00!, 0+! ;00!, 1.+ ;00!, 01 ;001, 0!1 ;001, 0. ;00!,
0!+ ;00!, 01+ ;00+, 0!! ;00!, 0-+ ;00!, 00. ;001, 0+ ;000, 1+. ;00!,
0!1 ;00!, 00- ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 0-1 ;00!, 00. ;001, 0+. ;001, 1!+ ;00!,
0!. ;00!, 0!o ;00!, 0!+ ;00!, 1.! ;00!, 0o0 ;001, 00 ;001, 0- ;00!,
00 ;00!, 010 ;00+, 0!! ;00!, 1! ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0! ;001, 1!- ;00!,
0!! ;00!, 00. ;00+, 0+1 ;00!, 0-+ ;00!, 00+ ;001, 0+ ;000, 1+1 ;001,
0++ ;00!, 0+ ;00!, 0+1 ;00!, 1+ ;00!, 00 ;001, 01! ;001, 0- ;00!,
00. ;00!, 010 ;00!, 01- ;00!, 1!o ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0!! ;001, 1!+ ;00!,
01o ;00!, 00o ;00!, 0!. ;00!, 0- ;001, 01 ;001, 0!- ;001, 1+1 ;00!,
00 ;00!, 00! ;00!, 01 ;00!, 11! ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0!0 ;001, 1!! ;00!,
0. ;00!, 0.0 ;00!, 0oo ;00!, 1o ;00!, 01 ;001, 0! ;001, 0.+ ;00!,
01- ;00!, 00! ;00!, 0!+ ;00!, 0-0 ;00!, 01! ;001, 0!- ;001, 1+1 ;00!,
00! ;00!, 00+ ;00!, 00! ;00!, 10- ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0!- ;001, 11 ;00!,
011 ;00!, 000 ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 100 ;00!, 01. ;000, 0!. ;001, 1!o ;00!,
00 ;00!, 0!o ;00+, 00- ;00+, 1++ ;00!, 0+0 ;001, 0!+ ;001, 1!0 ;00!,
u.u1 u.u2) -u.12 u.u2) u.1o u.u2) -1.2o u.u2) -u.29 u.u1) u.29 u.uu) 1.2 u.u1)
u.uu u.u1) -u.u9 u.u1) u.u9 u.u1) -1.1 u.u1) -u.2 u.uu) u.2o u.uu) 1.19 u.u1)
0!! ;00!, 01! ;00+, 0!0 ;00!, 11. ;00!, 00! ;001, 0.1 ;001, 1.! ;00!,
01! ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 00! ;00!, 110 ;00!, 0!+ ;001, 01! ;001, 0. ;001,
01. ;00., 010 ;00, 0!1 ;00, 10o ;00, 01 ;00!, 0+1 ;00!, 1!- ;00,
00 ;00!, 000 ;00!, 01 ;00!, 100 ;00!, 01 ;001, 0!! ;000, 11- ;00!,
00 ;00!, 00- ;00!, 00. ;00!, 10- ;00!, 0!- ;001, 01- ;001, 0-0 ;00!,
+9+ ;+., .!. ;+o, .+0 ;+!, so+ ;., 21.8 ;!0o,
+8s ;+!, .0! ;!1, .1 ;!-, s11 ;!., 18.2 ;1-.,
s12 ;!, .+! ;+!, .+! ;.!, s+s ;.0, 11.+ ;!1.,
+o+ ;!1, +- ;!0, .1 ;!!, s12 ;!-, 2o.o ;1!o,
+81 ;!, +- ;!o, .0 ;!!, s1+ ;!!, 1+.9 ;1!,
s21 ;!, .+o ;!-, ..o ;!o, so2 ;!o, 1s.8 ;1o+,
+s9 ;+!, +-. ;+0, .0 ;!o, s19 ;!!, 22.+ ;10,
+so ;., +! ;++, +-. ;+!, +9o ;.o, 11.9 ;!-,
+90 ;!!, .0- ;!!, .1! ;!1, s2o ;!o, 11.o ;!0!,
+99 ;+!, .!. ;.1, .! ;+0, ss1 ;!, 18.o ;1o.,
+o1 ;.1, +. ;!, +-- ;!+, s0s ;!!, 11.s ;1,
+9o ;!+, .!1 ;!-, .!+ ;!1, s+8 ;!0, 20.2 ;1.+,
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19+ ;!+, +1. ;!-, +!! ;+!, ++9 ;+, 21.+ ;10,
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+9+ ;.!, .0. ;!., .!1 ;++, s18 ;+1, 11.1 ;!0.,
+19 ;.o, +o+ ;.0, +! ;++, s1s ;++, 1s.s ;!!0,
+91 ;!!, .1. ;!!, .! ;!-, s19 ;!0, 19.1 ;1.1,
+o9 ;+-, +-! ;+-, .0! ;+, s22 ;o1, 20.o ;!o!,
+11 ;+, .0. ;!, .! ;., s1+ ;!, 18.1 ;!.1,
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+10 ;o+, +o. ;o!, +o! ;o, +82 ;.o, 21.2 ;!+,
+o2 ;--, +- ;10-, + ;-, s20 ;-, 20.o ;.-0,
+11 ;.0, +o! ;+-, +o ;+, +8s ;+, 21.1 ;1!,
s11 ;.o, .+! ;+!, .+1 ;!, s1o ;+-, 9.+ ;!o1,
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Indice des stratgies de mmorisation et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
Indice des stratgies de mmorisation
1
e
quartiie 1
e
par quartiies nationau de iìndice des stratgies de mmorisation
2

Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
quartiie Quartiie sup. de iìndice des stratgies de mmorisation
2
01+ ;00!, 011 ;00!, 01 ;00!, 0-o ;00!, 010 ;001, 0!- ;001, 1!. ;00!,
00! ;00!, 01 ;00!, 011 ;00!, 1!0 ;00!, 0! ;001, 0!o ;001, 1!! ;00!,
00o ;00!, 001 ;00!, 01+ ;00!, 1!0 ;00!, 0!o ;001, 0!! ;001, 1! ;00!,
00o ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 00- ;00!, 1!1 ;00!, 0! ;001, 01- ;001, 11 ;00!,
00. ;001, 00 ;00!, 001 ;00!, 0- ;00!, 01+ ;001, 0!+ ;001, 0- ;001,
010 ;001, 01. ;00!, 00 ;00!, 10 ;001, 0!! ;000, 01o ;000, 0! ;00!,
00! ;00!, 011 ;00!, 01 ;00!, 1!1 ;00!, 0!o ;001, 0!0 ;001, 1! ;00!,
0- ;00!, 0. ;00!, 10! ;00!, 01! ;00!, 0. ;000, 10 ;001, !0+ ;00!,
0! ;00!, 0! ;00!, 0! ;00!, 1!- ;00!, 0.0 ;001, 001 ;001, 0- ;00!,
0! ;00!, 01+ ;00!, 0+0 ;00!, 0-o ;00!, 000 ;001, 0.+ ;001, 1.0 ;00!,
0o- ;00!, 0o- ;00!, 0o- ;00!, 1- ;00!, 101 ;001, 0+! ;001, 0+ ;001,
01. ;00!, 01 ;00!, 011 ;00!, 1!- ;00!, 0+0 ;001, 011 ;001, 0- ;00!,
00- ;00!, 0!- ;00!, 011 ;00!, 1.0 ;00!, 0!- ;001, 0!! ;001, 1!0 ;00!,
00o ;00!, 00 ;00!, 00+ ;00!, 10 ;00!, 0!o ;001, 0!- ;001, 1!0 ;00!,
0!+ ;00!, 01 ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 0! ;00!, 00. ;001, 0+o ;001, 1! ;00!,
0o0 ;00!, 0+ ;00!, 0! ;00!, 1-o ;00!, 0 ;001, 0!. ;001, 0.- ;00!,
00! ;00!, 00! ;00!, 00. ;00!, 10! ;00!, 0! ;001, 0!. ;001, 11- ;00!,
01 ;00!, 0!1 ;00!, 01! ;00!, 0-+ ;00!, 00- ;000, 0+! ;001, 1! ;00!,
00! ;00!, 010 ;00!, 00o ;00!, 10- ;00!, 0! ;001, 0!! ;000, 10 ;00!,
00- ;00!, 00! ;00+, 01- ;00!, 11. ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0!o ;001, 1!o ;00!,
u.uu u.u1) -u.u u.u2) u.u u.u2) -1.1 u.u1) -u.29 u.u1) u.2o u.uu) 1.21 u.u1)
u.uu u.uu) -u.u u.u1) u.uo u.u1) -1.1o u.u1) -u.2 u.uu) u.2o u.uu) 1.1o u.u1)
0!! ;00!, 01 ;00!, 0! ;00!, 10! ;00!, 000 ;001, 0.! ;001, 1!- ;00!,
01 ;001, 010 ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 01 ;00!, 00+ ;001, 0!- ;001, 10! ;00!,
00 ;00., 01o ;00, 001 ;00o, 11+ ;00o, 0! ;00!, 010 ;00!, 10 ;00,
0!o ;00!, 0!- ;00!, 0++ ;00!, 0o0 ;001, 01! ;001, 0.. ;000, 1! ;00!,
00! ;00!, 00+ ;00!, 001 ;00!, 101 ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0!0 ;001, 0-+ ;00!,
s1s ;+, .! ;++, .!. ;+-, s+s ;+-, 10.1 ;!!,
s29 ;!, .10 ;!, .0! ;!0, +9+ ;!-, -11.8 ;1.!,
s+1 ;1, .! ;+-, .!o ;+, s19 ;.!, -8.+ ;!+-,
s22 ;!, .00 ;!+, +- ;!-, +92 ;!1, -11.1 ;1+o,
+88 ;!, .0 ;!!, .00 ;!-, s02 ;!!, s.1 ;!+1,
s19 ;!, .++ ;!, ..! ;!-, ss+ ;+0, 1.1 ;!!+,
+-o ;+0, +-- ;!+, +-. ;!., +-! ;!!, 1+ ;1.,
+o0 ;o1, +0 ;.1, +- ;+o, +90 ;+-, 1s.s ;!+,
s1o ;!., .0o ;!!, .1! ;!0, s02 ;!1, !! ;!+0,
.!+ ;.0, .!o ;!-, .!- ;!, .!. ;!, o.0 ;1o,
s0s ;+!, +- ;!!, +1 ;!, +oo ;+-, -1s.+ ;1--,
s12 ;!., .! ;!+, .!- ;!, s10 ;!o, o.s ;1!0,
+.o ;!1, +.0 ;!!, +.! ;!., ++ ;!!, !o ;1..,
+! ;.0, +1. ;!-, +1- ;!., +! ;+, 10 ;1-,
s1o ;+., .!! ;+!, .+0 ;!o, s+9 ;+!, 12.9 ;!!o,
s1s ;+0, .1! ;+!, .10 ;!, s01 ;+., -2.o ;!00,
+. ;o+, +o ;.!, +o! ;.0, +o ;+, -1.2 ;!0,
s0s ;!+, .1 ;!!, .!+ ;!+, s2o ;!!, 8.1 ;1+-,
+-o ;.-, +- ;.+, .01 ;+o, .01 ;+-, !. ;!!!,
.0! ;-!, .1! ;+, .1+ ;0, .10 ;!, 1- ;!o!,
o9o 1.9) o9 1.2) o9 1.2) o9o 1.1) u. 1.21)
u1 1.1) u1 1.u) uo 1.u) u1 1.u) u. u.o)
180 ;!, +00 ;+!, +0 ;+0, +1+ ;+!, 12.8 ;1!,
++1 ;., +oo ;!, +o+ ;+-, +oo ;., 11.8 ;!!!,
+-0 ;10o, +-0 ;10, +o ;10!, +1 ;10, !. ;o!!,
++2 ;.o, +o+ ;+, +. ;++, +12 ;+., 1+.s ;!0+,
s1s ;.0, .!o ;+, .+0 ;+o, s18 ;.+, -o.0 ;!+-,
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lclgiquc ;ou 0,
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
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moyenne Je lÒcDL
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Indice des stratgies dìaboration et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
Indice des stratgies dìaboration
1
e
quartiie 1
e
par quartiies nationau de iìndice des stratgies dìaboration
2

Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
quartiie Quartiie sup. iìndice des stratgies dìaboration
2
00 ;00!, 01! ;00!, 00! ;00!, 11! ;00!, 01- ;001, 0!- ;001, 1!1 ;00!,
01o ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 00- ;00!, 11o ;00!, 01! ;001, 0+- ;001, 1++ ;00!,
01o ;00!, 00 ;00!, 0!o ;00!, 1++ ;00!, 0+ ;001, 01 ;001, 110 ;00!,
010 ;00!, 01! ;00!, 00 ;00!, 10- ;00!, 0!0 ;001, 0!- ;001, 1!0 ;00!,
01! ;00!, 00o ;00!, 01 ;00!, 1!+ ;00!, 0++ ;001, 01 ;001, 10! ;00!,
01. ;00!, 00- ;00!, 0!1 ;00!, 1!+ ;00!, 0+ ;001, 01o ;000, 0-+ ;00!,
00. ;00!, 00- ;00!, 001 ;00!, 11- ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0! ;001, 1!+ ;00!,
01. ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 010 ;00!, 10+ ;00!, 011 ;001, 0+- ;001, 1!o ;00!,
0!+ ;00!, 01- ;00!, 0!- ;00!, 1.+ ;00!, 0.+ ;001, 010 ;001, 10! ;00!,
00- ;00!, 01! ;00!, 00 ;00!, 1+ ;00!, 0!- ;001, 0! ;001, 1!+ ;00!,
011 ;00!, 00- ;00!, 01! ;00!, 1+- ;00!, 0+1 ;001, 0!- ;001, 11 ;00!,
00! ;00!, 00! ;00+, 00+ ;00+, 1! ;00!, 0! ;001, 0!0 ;001, 1!. ;00!,
01! ;00!, 01. ;00!, 00- ;00!, 1+0 ;00!, 0++ ;001, 0!1 ;001, 11+ ;00!,
0!! ;00!, 0!- ;00!, 0!o ;00!, 0. ;00!, 001 ;001, 0. ;001, 1. ;00!,
010 ;00!, 011 ;00!, 00- ;00!, 10. ;00!, 01o ;001, 0!- ;001, 1!! ;00!,
0!! ;00!, 01! ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 1++ ;00!, 0+- ;001, 01! ;001, 0-+ ;00!,
01 ;00!, 01. ;00!, 01 ;00!, 0 ;00!, 01+ ;001, 0+1 ;001, 1! ;00!,
001 ;00!, 01. ;00!, 01! ;00!, 11- ;00!, 0!0 ;001, 0!+ ;001, 1!0 ;00!,
00- ;00!, 010 ;00!, 00 ;00!, 10 ;00!, 01. ;001, 0+1 ;001, 11 ;00!,
001 ;00!, 00+ ;00+, 00o ;00!, 1! ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0!+ ;001, 1!! ;00!,
u.u u.u1) u.uo u.u2) u.uo u.u2) -1.21 u.u1) -u.2 u.uu) u.1 u.uu) 1.11 u.u1)
u.uu u.uu) u.uo u.u1) -u.u2 u.u1) -1.22 u.u1) -u.29 u.uu) u.11 u.uu) 1.2u u.uu)
0+ ;00!, 0+1 ;00!, 0.! ;00!, 0. ;00!, 0!. ;001, 00 ;001, 1o- ;00!,
00+ ;00!, 00o ;00!, 00! ;00!, 0- ;00!, 01o ;001, 0! ;001, 10+ ;00!,
000 ;00o, 011 ;00, 010 ;00-, 1!o ;00, 0! ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 1!0 ;00o,
01+ ;00!, 01- ;00!, 010 ;00!, 10 ;001, 01+ ;001, 0+. ;001, 1!+ ;001,
01- ;00!, 011 ;00!, 0! ;00!, 1!! ;00!, 0+ ;001, 01! ;001, 0-0 ;00!,
s11 ;++, .!! ;+!, .!! ;+o, ss1 ;.!, 11.0 ;1-o,
s01 ;!o, .00 ;!!, .0- ;!!, s2o ;!, 9.8 ;1++,
.!! ;oo, .!o ;+, .+0 ;+., .!+ ;o1, 0+ ;!!!,
+8s ;!+, +-1 ;!0, .0o ;!0, s29 ;!!, 18.2 ;1+!,
+82 ;!-, +-! ;+1, .1+ ;!1, s1+ ;!!, 11.o ;1oo,
s1s ;!-, .! ;!!, ..! ;!0, soo ;+o, 1s.+ ;11,
+1+ ;++, +o ;!+, +-- ;++, s2s ;!1, 20.1 ;1,
+oo ;., ++ ;., +-0 ;.+, +90 ;.0, 10.1 ;!-o,
+98 ;!., .01 ;!, .0 ;!+, s11 ;!o, 12.+ ;1-.,
s21 ;+., .! ;++, .! ;!, s19 ;+1, o.0 ;1o!,
+81 ;+1, +0 ;+!, + ;!-, s01 ;!o, o.+ ;11,
+92 ;!1, .1 ;!1, .! ;!., ss2 ;!1, 22.+ ;1!-,
++1 ;!!, ++- ;!!, +.o ;!!, +o1 ;!!, 8.8 ;1o-,
+1+ ;!, +1! ;!-, +!. ;++, +19 ;+, 10.9 ;1o,
s2s ;+, .!! ;++, .! ;!, s++ ;.!, 8.1 ;!+,
+90 ;+o, .0+ ;!., .1 ;+!, s29 ;+!, 1o.9 ;1,
++1 ;.., +o! ;+, +o ;.0, s02 ;.1, 2s.2 ;!!,
s0+ ;!0, .1! ;!!, .1 ;!-, s1o ;!1, 12.+ ;1!-,
+11 ;+, +-! ;++, .0o ;.+, s11 ;o1, 1s.2 ;!1-,
.00 ;o, .0. ;., .!0 ;o, .!1 ;1, 1.1 ;!.-,
o2 1.2) o9u 1.) u1 1.1) 11 1.o) .1 1.2o)
o 1.1) o9 u.9) u u.9) 21 1.1) 1u. u.oo)
182 ;+!, !-+ ;!+, +10 ;+1, +18 ;!-, 1s.9 ;10,
++1 ;o!, +.- ;o!, +o! ;o, +11 ;o0, 11.8 ;!1,
+11 ;-o, +. ;110, +o ;110, s0s ;10!, 12.1 ;++,
+s0 ;+, +.- ;.1, +o ;.!, +18 ;+!, 10.o ;1+-,
.!1 ;+!, .! ;+-, .!- ;+!, .!! ;.!, 1o ;!00,
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Indice dàpprentissage en coiiaboration et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
Indice dàpprentissage en coiiaboration
1
e
quartiie 1
e
par quartiies nationau de iìndice dàpprentissage en coiiaboration
2

Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
quartiie Quartiie sup. de iìndice dàpprentissage en coiiaboration
2
00+ ;001, 00! ;00!, 011 ;00!, 0o ;001, 01o ;001, 00- ;001, 0- ;00!,
010 ;00!, 0!o ;00!, 00+ ;00!, 11+ ;001, 0+. ;001, 011 ;001, 10 ;00!,
01. ;00!, 0!. ;00!, 00! ;00!, 0- ;001, 0! ;000, 00. ;000, 01 ;00!,
00o ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 010 ;00!, 10- ;00!, 0!. ;001, 01! ;001, 10- ;00!,
0.0 ;00!, 0+. ;00!, 0.o ;00!, 0o! ;001, 01- ;001, 0+ ;001, 10 ;00!,
00+ ;00!, 011 ;00!, 01 ;00!, 100 ;001, 0!! ;001, 0!! ;001, 11- ;00!,
0!1 ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 00- ;00!, 1!! ;00!, 0.! ;001, 00! ;001, 10. ;00!,
0!+ ;00!, 0+. ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 1!o ;00!, 00 ;001, 01 ;001, 0 ;00!,
0!- ;00!, 0! ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 1! ;00!, 0.! ;001, 010 ;001, 0. ;00!,
0!! ;00!, 001 ;00!, 0+! ;00!, 10- ;00!, 01 ;001, 0.0 ;001, 1o. ;00!,
0!0 ;00!, 00+ ;00+, 0+. ;00!, 10 ;00!, 01. ;001, 0.1 ;001, 1.! ;00!,
0. ;001, 01 ;00!, 0-0 ;00!, 1 ;00!, 11. ;000, 0o- ;001, 0!1 ;00!,
0+0 ;00!, 0. ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 1oo ;00!, 0. ;001, 01 ;001, 0- ;00!,
0!! ;00!, 01! ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 0- ;001, 011 ;001, 0!0 ;001, 1+ ;00!,
0!- ;00!, 01 ;00!, 0+0 ;00!, 0. ;00!, 00- ;001, 0.! ;001, 1. ;00!,
01 ;00!, 000 ;00!, 0!+ ;00!, 11o ;00!, 01 ;001, 0+ ;001, 1.+ ;00!,
0.- ;00!, 0+1 ;00!, 0o ;00!, 0o1 ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0o ;001, 1 ;00!,
0!1 ;001, 0!! ;00!, 01 ;00!, 10o ;00!, 0+! ;000, 00o ;000, 0! ;00!,
001 ;00!, 01. ;00!, 01! ;00!, 10! ;00!, 0!- ;001, 01 ;001, 11! ;00!,
0!. ;00!, 01! ;00., 0.. ;00!, 10 ;00+, 00 ;001, 0o+ ;001, 1- ;00!,
u.1u u.u2) -u.u u.u2) u.2o u.u2) -1.11 u.u2) -u.2o u.u1) u.12 u.u1) 1.o u.u2)
u.uu u.uu) -u.11 u.u1) u.1o u.u1) -1.u9 u.u1) -u.11 u.uu) u.2u u.uu) 1.22 u.u1)
0+ ;00!, 0!+ ;00!, 0. ;00!, 0! ;00!, 00 ;001, 0o ;001, 1o ;00!,
0!+ ;00+, 00 ;00+, 0!- ;00., 100 ;00!, 01+ ;001, 0.1 ;001, 1o0 ;00!,
001 ;00., 00- ;00, 00 ;00, 0-. ;00, 0!o ;00!, 01! ;00!, 101 ;00-,
0!! ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 01! ;00!, 1+1 ;00!, 0.. ;001, 00! ;001, 10! ;001,
01+ ;00!, 00! ;00!, 0!1 ;00!, 100 ;00!, 01 ;001, 0!- ;001, 1!o ;00!,
s21 ;.., .! ;+., .!- ;+-, s+1 ;+!, o.+ ;!.,
+8o ;+., .11 ;!!, .1 ;!0, s21 ;!., 12.2 ;!1-,
.!+ ;.-, .+. ;+!, .!o ;o!, .! ;o1, !o ;!1.,
+82 ;!, .0. ;!-, .1! ;!0, s11 ;!!, 12.9 ;1+,
+88 ;.0, .0. ;!!, .11 ;!!, s01 ;!., s.+ ;!.!,
s11 ;!!, .+o ;!., ... ;!, so1 ;+, 11.o ;1-,
+11 ;!-, .01 ;!o, .0! ;!., s08 ;!., 9.0 ;1,
+. ;+o, + ;.1, +-0 ;., +1 ;.1, 1! ;!o!,
+91 ;!!, .10 ;!, .1 ;!!, s21 ;!o, 11.1 ;1o!,
.!1 ;.1, .!o ;!, .!! ;+!, .!. ;+1, 1.1 ;1o1,
+18 ;.-, + ;+1, +-! ;!0, +92 ;!!, !- ;!!!,
s09 ;!+, .!. ;!0, .!+ ;!!, s12 ;!., 9.s ;1!+,
++s ;!!, +.0 ;!1, +o ;!!, +so ;!o, !! ;1.+,
+10 ;++, +!+ ;+0, +! ;!-, +11 ;+, 8.1 ;10,
s22 ;+., .!o ;!!, .+o ;+-, s18 ;+, o.1 ;!!1,
+19 ;.!, .1! ;+!, .!. ;!., s21 ;!., 11.o ;!0o,
++1 ;o-, +1 ;.., ++ ;+., +80 ;+, 11.1 ;!.!,
.1. ;!1, .!! ;!-, .1 ;!., .1 ;!+, !! ;1-!,
+11 ;., .0o ;.!, .0+ ;+, s0o ;++, 12.8 ;1-o,
+81 ;-o, .0- ;, .! ;.., s28 ;o1, 11.1 ;1-,
o 1.9) o9 1.1) u 2.) u 2.) . u.)
o 1.1) u 1.u) 11 1.u) 11 1.u) o. u.2)
190 ;+o, !-- ;+1, +1+ ;!o, +0o ;+!, o.1 ;1.-,
+12 ;o!, +o! ;o!, +o- ;.-, +81 ;o+, 11.0 ;!0.,
+ ;10-, +o ;11+, +- ;10, +-! ;--, !1 ;oo,
++1 ;++, +. ;+o, +! ;.0, +19 ;.1, 12.+ ;1!0,
s1o ;oo, .! ;o0, .!o ;!o, s+1 ;!, 8.0 ;!-0,
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Indice dàpprentissage comptiti et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
Indice dàpprentissage comptiti
1
e
quartiie 1
e
par quartiies nationau de iìndice dàpprentissage comptiti
2

Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
quartiie Quartiie sup. de iìndice dàpprentissage comptiti
2
010 ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 000 ;00!, 0! ;001, 0!0 ;001, 0! ;001, 11 ;00!,
01- ;00!, 01! ;00!, 0!. ;00!, 1!! ;00!, 0.1 ;001, 00+ ;001, 10! ;00!,
0! ;00!, 0!- ;00!, 0+ ;00!, 1!+ ;00!, 0o. ;001, 01 ;001, 0oo ;00!,
01+ ;00!, 01+ ;00!, 01+ ;00!, 0-+ ;001, 01 ;001, 0!. ;001, 1!! ;00!,
01- ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 00+ ;00!, 10- ;00!, 01. ;001, 0+! ;001, 1. ;00!,
0!. ;00!, 01! ;00!, 0!. ;00!, 1!. ;00!, 0.. ;000, 001 ;001, 0-! ;00!,
00 ;00!, 001 ;00!, 01+ ;00!, 11+ ;00!, 0! ;001, 01! ;001, 111 ;00!,
010 ;00!, 00 ;00!, 01! ;00!, 10. ;00!, 0!! ;000, 0!+ ;001, 1!! ;00!,
001 ;00!, 01! ;00!, 00- ;00!, 1!0 ;00!, 0!+ ;001, 0!o ;001, 1!+ ;00!,
01. ;00!, 0!. ;00!, 00o ;00!, 1!. ;00!, 0! ;001, 0+ ;001, 1oo ;00!,
001 ;00!, 00o ;00!, 00 ;00!, 1!! ;00!, 0!o ;001, 0!1 ;001, 1! ;00!,
01+ ;00!, 010 ;00!, 01- ;00!, 1!1 ;00!, 0.1 ;001, 00 ;001, 11- ;00!,
01 ;00!, 01o ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 1! ;00!, 0+- ;001, 00 ;001, 10 ;00!,
0.+ ;00!, 0.- ;00!, 0+- ;00!, 0+o ;001, 0!! ;000, 00 ;001, 10 ;00!,
0!- ;00!, 0+0 ;00!, 01 ;00!, 0-+ ;00!, 00 ;001, 0.! ;001, 1o! ;00!,
00! ;00!, 01! ;00!, 01- ;00!, 1! ;00!, 0+0 ;001, 0!+ ;001, 1+1 ;00!,
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0!o ;00!, 01+ ;00!, 0! ;00!, 1!+ ;00!, 0.! ;001, 00! ;000, 0o ;00!,
0! ;00!, 0!0 ;00+, 0!. ;00!, 10! ;00!, 00 ;001, 0.! ;001, 1o ;00!,
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01! ;00!, 00o ;00!, 0!1 ;00!, 10. ;00!, 0!0 ;001, 0+0 ;001, 1! ;00!,
0!. ;00!, 00 ;00+, 0+! ;00+, 1.. ;00!, 0o0 ;001, 00. ;001, 110 ;00!,
s1s ;+, .!! ;+., .!0 ;+!, ss9 ;.o, 21.1 ;!!,
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00- ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 0+1 ;00!, 11+ ;00!, 0+0 ;001, 00 ;001, 110 ;00!,
0!o ;00!, 00! ;00!, 0+ ;00!, 1! ;001, 0.. ;000, 011 ;000, 0-! ;00!,
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o 2.1) 1o 2.u) -29 1.o) uo 2.o) o91 2.1) 11 2.1) u2 2.) u1 2.u) u 2.u)
o u.) 1 u.) -12 u.9) uo 1.u) o9 u.9) 11 1.2) u1 u.9) u1 u.) u 1.u)
! ;!-, +0+ ;!+, -11 ;+0, !+- ;+, !!! ;+, 21 ;.o, !o ;+, !o ;!, 0 ;.o,
+!! ;.., +. ;.+, -s1 ;+!, +o ;.!, +o0 ;.o, o ;., ++- ;o+, +! ;., -21 ;.+,
+o ;!, .00 ;o, -11 ;11., .!1 ;11., .10 ;111, 12 ;1, ++ ;10-, +o ;-!, 1o ;+,
++! ;+., +1 ;+1, -18 ;!-, + ;., +- ;o!, ! ;+, +.! ;.+, +o ;.!, -1+ ;+.,
.1 ;+, .+ ;!, -10 ;., .o- ;+-, .. ;+o, 11 ;o!, .!- ;o!, .!- ;.1, 1 ;1,
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rerormance par see sur ies cheiies Retrouver de iìnormation , Interprter ie tete et Rnchir sur ie contenu du tete
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssRetrouver de i` inormation Interprter ie tete Rnchir sur ie contenu du tete
1
1
1
sssssss Di. entre ies Di. entre ies Di. entre ies
Moyenne Ir. t. Moyennes Ir. t. moyennes Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. moyennes Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. moyennes Ir. t.
Aust:lic
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lclgiquc
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kcu|liquc tc|cquc
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li:l:cc
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:o:vcgc
lolog:c
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lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
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.!! ;+!, ..1 ;.0, -28 ;., .11 ;+1, .+. ;+-, -1+ ;., .0 ;+0, .+ ;+, -+2 ;..,
+-. ;!!, .10 ;!o, -1o ;.+, +- ;!1, .!0 ;!, -21 ;.!, +-! ;!., .!! ;!, -19 ;..,
.0+ ;+, .!- ;.+, -2s ;oo, +- ;!-, .!- ;+, -11 ;o1, +. ;.!, .!! ;.!, -+1 ;o+,
.1- ;1-, .+! ;1, -2s ;1, .1 ;1, .+ ;1, -29 ;1o, .!1 ;1, .oo ;1, -+s ;1,
+o ;+, +-. ;!, -21 ;.+, +! ;+1, .1 ;!o, -1+ ;+o, +. ;+!, .11 ;!o, -s+ ;+,
+-1 ;!+, .0o ;!!, -1+ ;!., +. ;!1, .0o ;!-, -21 ;!+, +0 ;!!, .!! ;!!, -+1 ;!o,
.!+ ;!+, . ;!1, -++ ;!+, .!- ;!!, .- ;!!, -s1 ;!1, .01 ;!0, .o+ ;!1, -o1 ;!,
.0! ;!, .! ;!0, -21 ;!o, +-! ;!., .1- ;!, -21 ;!!, + ;!, .1. ;!-, -19 ;!-,
+1 ;!0, +- ;+0, -2o ;.!, +! ;!-, .0. ;!, -11 ;+, +.. ;!., .0! ;+!, -+8 ;..,
+!. ;o, +oo ;.0, -12 ;.o, +.- ;.., +-! ;+!, -11 ;+o, +o ;o, .!! ;.+, -s+ ;o1,
+o. ;o0, +-1 ;+, -2s ;o!, +oo ;.1, +-+ ;+1, -28 ;.+, +o0 ;., .0! ;+., -+1 ;.,
+. ;!+, .1 ;!!, -12 ;!!, +- ;!1, .!. ;!1, -18 ;!0, +o ;!0, .!- ;1-, -s+ ;!,
.1+ ;+!, .!o ;!o, -22 ;+, .1! ;+!, .+1 ;!o, -21 ;+, .1. ;+0, ..! ;!!, -11 ;+!,
++ ;., .0+ ;+0, -11 ;, +0 ;+o, .0- ;!!, -19 ;o+, +o0 ;.., .0 ;!, -+1 ;o,
.1! ;0, .!- ;., -21 ;o, .0. ;o!, .!0 ;.!, -2s ;o1, .0 ;!, ..1 ;.., -+2 ;0,
.! ;+1, .!! ;+!, o ;o-, .!1 ;!, .!0 ;!o, - ;.-, .1+ ;!, .+1 ;!., -21 ;.,
+!+ ;!o, +++ ;!., -20 ;+0, +!! ;!o, +o0 ;!!, -21 ;!-, +!! ;!0, +o+ ;!, -+0 ;+.,
!-o ;.0, +0 ;++, 1! ;.1, +10 ;!, +! ;!!, -11 ;!-, +! ;+-, +o! ;+., -1s ;.o,
.1o ;+, ... ;+1, -19 ;1, .0o ;+!, .+- ;!-, -+1 ;oo, .0! ;+!, ..- ;!-, -s1 ;o+,
+-0 ;!-, .!! ;!-, -12 ;+0, + ;!, .! ;!, -+0 ;!, +- ;+0, .!- ;!-, -o0 ;+1,
+o1 ;oo, +- ;o!, -28 ;, +o. ;.., .00 ;.., -1s ;oo, +.1 ;o+, .0+ ;., -s1 ;+,
++ ;.., +o+ ;.0, -1o ;+!, +o1 ;+, +. ;+!, -2+ ;!., +o1 ;.1, +- ;+., -1o ;!,
+ ;!, +-! ;!1, -1o ;!, +1 ;!!, .0! ;!, -21 ;!+, + ;!., .!o ;!-, -19 ;!.,
.01 ;!, .!! ;!-, -10 ;!!, .0. ;!., .+0 ;!., -1+ ;!, +o ;!, .!o ;!., -s1 ;!o,
+ ;.!, .10 ;+, -22 ;+, ++ ;+, .10 ;++, -2o ;+!, +o. ;.+, .11 ;.1, -+o ;+.,
.1. ;!1, .!+ ;!+, -19 ;++, .0! ;!-, .! ;!., -2+ ;+!, .!! ;!0, .. ;!+, -1s ;++,
+o ;, .1! ;o., -2o ;+., +-1 ;+, .1 ;o+, -21 ;+!, + ;+, .!+ ;o!, -1o ;+.,
o 2.o) u 2.1) -21 1.) o 2.1) 12 2.u) -2o 1.o) o1 2.1) 21 2.u) -ou 1.)
oo u.9) 1u u.) -2o 1.1) o u.) 1o u.) -29 u.9) ou u.) 2 u.) -o 1.u)
!o0 ;+!, !0 ;+0, 10 ;+., !-! ;!, +0 ;!., -1+ ;+1, +0+ ;+!, +!- ;!, -2s ;+!,
+! ;o1, ++ ;o0, -+o ;+-, +!+ ;.0, +. ;.0, -s1 ;!, +!! ;., +-! ;o1, -11 ;+,
++ ;!, .0+ ;, !0 ;1!!, ++ ;, +- ;o-, -21 ;11o, ++ ;-, +-! ;o, -+s ;1!!,
+!+ ;.., +o ;+, -1+ ;!, +.0 ;++, +o ;!-, -1o ;!1, +!1 ;+!, +0 ;+0, -+9 ;!,
.! ;.+, ..- ;++, -22 ;oo, .1- ;.0, ..1 ;+1, -12 ;o1, .0 ;+!, .+! ;!., -1s ;.+,
1 lcs ciiic:c:ccs ositivcs i:ciquc:t quc lcs clcvcs cc scxc usculi: :clisc:t cc ucillcu:cs c:io:u:ccs quc lcs clcvcs cc scxc icui:i: ct lcs ciiic:c:ccs
:cgtivcs quc lcs clcvcs cc scxc icui:i: :clisc:t cc ucillcu:cs c:io:u:ccs quc lcs clcvcs cc scxc usculi: lcs ciiic:c:ccs sttistiqucuc:t
sig:i|ctivcs so:t c: c:ctc:cs g:s
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lclgiquc
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kcu|liquc tc|cquc
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li:l:cc
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lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
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luxcu|ou:g
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:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
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uccc
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ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
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rourcentage dìves chaque niveau de comptence sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, seion ie see
Au-dessous rrobabiiit accrue pour ie
du niveau 1 Niveau 1 Niveau 2 Niveau 1 Niveau + Niveau s see mascuiin de raiiser
;uoi:s cc ;cc !!. ;cc +0 ;cc +1 ;cc ..! ;lus cc des perormances de
!!. oi:ts, +0 oi:ts, +0 oi:ts, ..! oi:ts, o!. oi:ts, o!. oi:ts, niveau 1 ou inrieures
1
HGMMIs Ir. t. Ir. t. Ir. t. Ir. t. Ir. t. Ir. t. Rapport Ir. t.
+ ;0, 11! ;10, !1! ;1, !o0 ;1, !!. ;1!, 1+! ;11, 1.1s ;0!0,
.- ;0, 11- ;10, !!! ;1+, !0! ;1o, !1- ;1o, o ;0-, 1.os ;01,
- ;1!, 1!1 ;10, 1 ;11, !. ;1!, !!0 ;11, -- ;0-, 1.o1 ;01-,
!! ;0!, -+ ;0+, !0+ ;0o, ! ;0, !.! ;0, 1!- ;0o, 2.0o ;01!,
-0 ;1!, 1+o ;11, !o- ;1., !o ;1, 1.o ;1!, .! ;0, 2.10 ;0!1,
o ;0, 1+! ;11, !!. ;11, !. ;1!, 1-. ;11, o ;0, 1.o9 ;01!,
!. ;0o, . ;0, 1- ;10, !1 ;11, !o. ;1!, 110 ;0-, 1.19 ;0.-,
o0 ;0-, 1!- ;1!, !!- ;1!, !- ;1!, !10 ;1!, o+ ;0, 1.18 ;01+,
1!o ;0-, 1!- ;0-, !+! ;1!, !o- ;1o, 1.o ;1+, o ;0, 1.+s ;01!,
1! ;1, 1! ;1o, !oo ;1., !.! ;!1, 1! ;1+, !o ;0, 1.82 ;01o,
-+ ;1!, 1- ;1o, !! ;1, !! ;1o, 1+- ;1+, !. ;0, 1.o+ ;01o,
. ;0o, 1++ ;0-, !++ ;1!, !-- ;1!, 1-! ;1., o+ ;10, 2.+0 ;0!!,
+0 ;0o, -. ;11, !1+ ;1., !-- ;1., !+1 ;1., 11! ;11, 1.o2 ;01-,
0 ;1+, 1oo ;1., !! ;1, !1 ;1o, 1.! ;1+, ! ;0o, 1.91 ;0!1,
++ ;11, -- ;1o, !0! ;1., !!o ;1, !.+ ;!1, . ;1!, 2.s1 ;0+!,
1! ;0+, o1 ;0-, 1-+ ;1+, !-! ;1+, !-o ;1-, ++ ;0, 1.98 ;0+1,
1o ;11, !!. ;1!, !oo ;1., !!- ;1!, -! ;0, 1! ;0., 1.1o ;00,
!00 ;1o, !-- ;1-, ! ;1+, 1o. ;1+, .0 ;0-, 0 ;0!, 1.28 ;00o,
! ;0-, 111 ;0-, 1-1 ;1., !o1 ;1, !!o ;1!, 1! ;1!, 2.1+ ;0!,
;10, 1++ ;1+, !10 ;1+, !o ;1!, !0! ;1!, 1 ;0, 2.11 ;01-,
1!! ;1., 11 ;1-, !!+ ;1, !o1 ;1-, 1o0 ;1, +1 ;0, 1.80 ;0!!,
1!! ;1+, 1-1 ;1+, !.- ;1., !+ ;1o, 1+! ;1!, ! ;0o, 1.+1 ;00-,
. ;0, 1+o ;1!, !! ;1!, !01 ;1!, 1 ;1., !o ;0, 1.11 ;01+,
+o ;0o, 1!! ;10, !!! ;10, !- ;1!, !! ;1o, + ;0, 2.11 ;0!1,
! ;0-, 1o+ ;1!, !! ;1+, !o! ;1+, 11 ;1!, ! ;0-, 1.s1 ;01!,
.0 ;0o, 10+ ;0, !1 ;1!, !+ ;1!, !!! ;11, 1!! ;11, 1.s8 ;01o,
-! ;1, 1! ;1o, !1 ;1!, !.. ;1o, 1 ;1o, 110 ;1o, 1.80 ;01!,
. u.) 1o.2 u.) 22.9 u.) 2. u.) 19.2 u.) . u.o) 1.o u.u)
.u u.2) 1o.2 u.2) 21.1 u.1) 2.9 u.1) 19.o u.2) .2 u.2) 1.1 u.u1)
!+ ;1-, !!1 ;1., !.. ;1o, 11- ;1+, ! ;0, 0+ ;0!, 1.1+ ;00+,
1+ ;!1, !!! ;1, !. ;1o, !1 ;1, -! ;11, !. ;0., 2.09 ;01.,
-- ;!o, 1! ;+1, !!+ ;!, !o ;+1, 10 ;!, !- ;1-, 1.+ ;0!.,
1!- ;1o, !!! ;1!, !-- ;10, !! ;1!, 100 ;0, !! ;0., 1.81 ;00-,
!0 ;0-, 10! ;1., 1 ;!1, !-- ;!1, !. ;!0, 10o ;1+, 2.11 ;0.0,
IIMMIs
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
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kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
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lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
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luxcu|ou:g
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:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
l,sls
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1 lcs vlcu:s sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivcs so:t c: c:ctc:cs g:s
1 ;0+, o ;0-, 1o. ;1!, !.! ;1., !! ;1+, !1o ;!0,
! ;0., ! ;0, !0! ;1!, !- ;1., !0 ;1+, 10- ;11,
.! ;10, - ;10, 1+o ;10, !o! ;11, !0+ ;1+, 1+. ;10,
1! ;0!, + ;0+, 1.! ;0o, !! ;0o, !0. ;0, !10 ;0,
!! ;0+, ! ;0, !!- ;1!, !!! ;1!, !! ;10, o ;0,
! ;0o, -o ;0-, !1o ;1!, !0o ;1., !+ ;1!, -o ;0-,
10 ;0o, !! ;0+, -1 ;0, !. ;1!, !o+ ;1., !.. ;1+,
!! ;0., ! ;0, !11 ;1!, !1+ ;1!, !o. ;1!, 10. ;0,
o ;11, 11! ;0-, !0! ;1!, !o- ;1!, !!. ;1!, 111 ;0,
+ ;10, 1!0 ;1o, !.0 ;!0, !11 ;1, 1- ;1, o+ ;0-,
+. ;0, 1!+ ;1o, !! ;1, !0. ;1o, !!! ;1o, o ;10,
1 ;0., o! ;0, 1-o ;10, !!1 ;1!, !+ ;1+, 11- ;0-,
!0 ;0., o! ;0-, 1+! ;10, !-o ;1!, !0+ ;1+, 1+ ;1!,
!. ;0o, 101 ;11, !!- ;1!, !!. ;1+, !+0 ;1, 0 ;0,
11 ;0+, +- ;0-, 1. ;1o, !+1 ;1o, !!1 ;!0, 1!1 ;1.,
0. ;0!, !! ;0o, 1o ;1o, !1 ;1o, !!1 ;!0, + ;10,
10. ;0, 1. ;10, !! ;1, !0 ;1., 1!. ;0, !! ;0+,
1!. ;1+, !o+ ;1., !!+ ;1o, !0 ;1., o- ;0-, 0- ;0!,
!0 ;0+, o! ;0o, 1.! ;11, !!! ;1!, !-! ;1o, !+0 ;1o,
!1 ;0o, ! ;0, 10 ;10, !-1 ;1+, ! ;1!, 1+ ;10,
.0 ;1!, 10- ;1!, !+ ;!0, !0+ ;1, !1! ;1, ;1!,
o- ;10, 1+! ;1o, !+ ;1!, !0! ;1+, 1-1 ;1+, + ;0,
!! ;0., -! ;10, !+1 ;1!, !. ;1, !! ;1!, +- ;0.,
1 ;0+, o0 ;0o, 11 ;11, !1! ;1+, ! ;1!, 1.1 ;11,
.. ;0, 10! ;10, 1-0 ;1!, !-- ;1!, !+1 ;1!, 11! ;1+,
!! ;0+, o ;0, 1! ;10, ! ;1!, !o ;1!, 1! ;1!,
! ;0, -. ;11, !0! ;1-, !-! ;1-, !+0 ;1o, 1!+ ;1o,
1.9 u.1) 9. u.o) 2u.o u.o) 29. u.o) 2o.o u.o) 11.1 u.)
1. u.1) 9.1 u.2) 2u.u u.2) 29.o u.1) 2.o u.1) 11.9 u.2)
1-! ;1+, !! ;1, !-- ;1, 1!- ;1., !+ ;0, 0 ;0!,
o ;11, 1!. ;1!, !o ;1., !- ;1+, 1! ;1o, . ;10,
.0 ;!!, 10 ;!!, !!0 ;+-, !!+ ;+, !1. ;!!, o+ ;!o,
.0 ;0, 1+ ;1+, !o ;1!, !11 ;1+, 1oo ;1+, +1 ;0o,
1+ ;0o, ++ ;1!, 1+ ;1!, !-! ;!!, !!! ;!!, 11 ;1.,
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Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
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kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
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luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
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ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
l,sls
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I|lcu .!B
rourcentage dìves obtenant un score inrieur +00 points et suprieur o00 points sur i`cheiie de cuiture mathmatique

rrobabiiit reiative pour ie see mas-
rourcentage dìves obtenant un score inrieur +00 points
culi: de raiiser des perormances
sur i`cheiie de cuiture mathmatique
inrieures +00 sur i`cheiie
1ous ies ives Hommes Iemmes de cuiture mathmatique
1
Ir. t. Ir. t. Ir. t. Rapport Ir. t.
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
o:
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luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
l,sls
!
1 lcs vlcu:s sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivcs so:t c: c:ctc:cs g:s

rrobabiiit reiative pour ie see mas-
rourcentage dìves obtenant un score suprieur o00 points
culi: de raiiser des perormances
sur i`cheiie de cuiture mathmatique
suprieures o00 sur i`cheiie
1ous ies ives Hommes Iemmes de cuiture mathmatique
1
Ir. t. Ir. t. Ir. t. Rapport Ir. t.
;0, ;10, ;1!, 0- ;01o,
11 ;0, - ;11, 1! ;11, 0.1o ;011,
1+ ;1!, 1. ;1+, 1! ;1, 11 ;01+,
o ;0+, o ;0o, o ;0+, 0-o ;00,
1o ;0-, 1. ;1., 1o ;1!, 0 ;011,
10 ;0-, - ;11, 10 ;1!, 0! ;010,
. ;0, . ;10, + ;0, 11+ ;0!+,
10 ;0-, 10 ;11, 11 ;11, 0-0 ;01!,
1- ;11, 1 ;1!, !1 ;1-, 0.8o ;00,
!! ;!!, !! ;!-, !! ;!!, 10+ ;00-,
1- ;1+, 1- ;1, !0 ;1-, 0 ;010,
;0, - ;0-, ;11, 10- ;01,
11 ;0-, 10 ;1!, 1! ;1!, 0+ ;01!,
!o ;1!, !. ;!1, !o ;1-, 100 ;01!,
. ;10, o ;1o, + ;10, 1+o ;0.0,
. ;0o, + ;0-, o ;11, 0o- ;01o,
! ;11, !o ;1., !0 ;1o, 0.8s ;00o,
.o ;1-, .+ ;!., .- ;!+, 0-+ ;00+,
- ;0, 10 ;1!, ;10, 1+1 ;0!,
1+ ;11, 1+ ;1+, 1! ;1!, 10. ;011,
!+ ;1, !o ;!o, !! ;!., 11. ;01o,
! ;1, !. ;!0, !0 ;!!, 0.8s ;00,
!0 ;1!, 1 ;1o, !1 ;1-, 0-. ;00-,
1! ;0-, 1! ;1!, 1! ;11, 0 ;00-,
10 ;0-, - ;10, 11 ;1!, 0-1 ;011,
;0, ;0, ;10, 10 ;01o,
1 ;!+, 1 ;!-, 1 ;!+, 10 ;01!,
1 u.) 1 u.9) 1 u.) u.99 u.uo)
1o u.1) 1 u.1) 1o u.o) u.9 u.u2)
. ;1o, 0 ;!+, - ;!1, 0.8o ;00!,
! ;1-, !o ;!+, ! ;!!, 0- ;00,
1! ;!0, 11 ;+!, 1+ ;!, 0 ;0!1,
!! ;1, !+ ;!1, !! ;1-, 10! ;00o,
+ ;10, + ;1!, + ;1!, 10! ;0!,
!! ;1o, !. ;1-, !1 ;!!, 11 ;01!,
1 ;1!, !! ;1, 1! ;1o, 1.11 ;0!+,
!+ ;11, ! ;1o, !1 ;1o, 1.1+ ;01!,
!! ;0o, !. ;0-, 1- ;0, 1.28 ;00.,
1. ;1!, 1 ;1, 1! ;1!, 1.ss ;01o,
1o ;0-, 1- ;1!, 1! ;1!, 1.os ;01,
!! ;10, !! ;1!, !1 ;1!, 10o ;00,
1 ;11, !1 ;1+, 1. ;1!, 1.1o ;01!,
1+ ;0, 1o ;1+, 1! ;0-, 1! ;01.,
;1!, - ;1, o ;11, 1+ ;0!,
1! ;1+, 1+ ;1-, 1! ;1o, 1!! ;01,
1o ;0-, 1o ;1!, 1o ;1!, 10- ;01!,
1! ;1!, 1+ ;1, - ;1!, 1.o1 ;0!0,
. ;0, o ;11, + ;0, 2.0o ;0+1,
!! ;!+, !o ;!+, ! ;!o, 1!+ ;01!,
! ;1., !! ;!+, !1 ;!!, 1.+o ;01-,
+ ;0., . ;0, ! ;0o, 2.2o ;0o0,
0 ;0!, 0 ;0!, 0 ;0!, 1! ;1!,
! ;1o, ! ;1-, ! ;!!, 0- ;00,
1+ ;11, 1o ;1, 11 ;11, 1.s+ ;01,
10 ;1o, 1! ;!!, ;1+, 1.oo ;0!0,
+ ;0o, o ;11, ! ;0, 2.01 ;0+,
- ;0, 1! ;1., . ;0, 2.o2 ;0!-,
1o ;0-, 1 ;1!, 1. ;1!, 10- ;010,
!. ;1, ! ;!1, !! ;!1, 1.21 ;010,
!! ;1!, !. ;1, !0 ;1, 1!0 ;01!,
1+ ;1, 1o ;!1, 1! ;1, 1! ;01.,
1 u.) 19 u.) 1o u.o) 1.11 u.uo)
1o u.2) 1 u.1) 1o u.1) 1.1o u.u1)
0 ;0!, 1 ;0!, 0 ;0!, o. ;oo1,
- ;0-, 10 ;1!, ;1!, 1.+1 ;01-,
1 ;!1, !1 ;+o, 1. ;+o, 1o+ ;0.o,
1! ;1+, 1! ;1+, 1! ;1, 11 ;01!,
! ;!1, +0 ;!o, !+ ;!, 10- ;00,
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Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
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luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
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ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
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lccc:tio: cc kussic
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I|lcu .!
1emps que ies ives consacrent par jour ia iecture pour ieur ioisir
Iives dciarant ne pas iire Iives dciarant iire Iives dciarant iire entre
pour ieur ioisir 10 minutes ou moins par jour 10 et o0 minutes par jour
Iemmes Hommes Iemmes Hommes Iemmes Hommes
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
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o:cc
luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
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ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
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1
Iives dciarant iire entre Iives dciarant iire pius
1 et 2 heures par jour de 2 heures par jour
Iemmes Hommes Iemmes Hommes
Ir. t. Ir. t. Ir. t. Ir. t.
!.+ ;1., +01 ;1, !1+ ;1!, !- ;1!, !+! ;11, 11 ;1!,
!0! ;10, .!- ;1+, !0. ;10, !o ;1!, !!! ;10, 1!. ;0,
!0o ;0, .!1 ;1+, !0 ;0-, !1 ;10, !. ;0-, 1+ ;0,
!!0 ;0., +!o ;0, !o ;0o, !0 ;0., !+o ;0o, 1o1 ;0.,
1.1 ;0, ! ;1+, !-1 ;10, !0+ ;1!, !1! ;10, 1-. ;0-,
1+ ;10, !. ;1!, !. ;1!, !+ ;1!, !- ;10, 1 ;0,
10! ;0o, !.! ;11, !! ;10, !10 ;0-, !!0 ;1!, !01 ;0,
!1! ;0-, !-. ;11, !0 ;10, !0 ;0-, !!+ ;1!, !!! ;10,
!-1 ;0-, .+. ;1!, !0! ;11, !! ;0-, !!0 ;0-, 1! ;0,
1-+ ;0-, !+o ;1+, !o ;10, !oo ;1!, !! ;10, !1 ;11,
1 ;10, !!! ;1!, !-0 ;1!, !o ;0-, !! ;11, !11 ;11,
!! ;10, !0 ;10, !+ ;11, !. ;11, !! ;11, 1o ;10,
!+. ;10, +!+ ;1+, !!0 ;10, !- ;0-, !! ;11, 10 ;0-,
!!! ;11, !0 ;1!, !+ ;0, !1 ;10, !.. ;10, 1-. ;0-,
.+- ;1., ..! ;1o, 1 ;0-, 1- ;11, 1.+ ;10, 1.. ;0-,
!- ;1+, !1! ;1!, !! ;1!, !1 ;0, !!. ;0-, !1. ;0-,
!. ;11, + ;1!, !o. ;10, !+o ;10, !++ ;1!, 1+o ;0-,
- ;0, 1+ ;11, +1 ;1!, +. ;1+, !-! ;10, !.1 ;10,
!!1 ;10, !o ;1!, !o ;11, !o. ;0-, !!! ;11, 1.! ;0,
!+ ;11, +.o ;1!, !- ;11, !0. ;11, !!o ;11, 1o ;10,
1o1 ;10, !!! ;1, !1o ;1!, !! ;1!, !10 ;1!, !o+ ;1!,
! ;0o, !-+ ;1!, !o1 ;10, +!+ ;1!, !!! ;1!, !01 ;10,
!!+ ;11, +1. ;1!, !!0 ;0-, !! ;11, !0. ;10, 1o ;0,
!0 ;1!, ++- ;1!, !!- ;11, ! ;11, !.1 ;0-, 11 ;0,
!1. ;11, +- ;1o, !.+ ;0-, !0o ;1!, ! ;10, 1!! ;0,
!!o ;0-, !. ;10, !o+ ;11, !+ ;10, !o! ;10, 1-. ;0,
!!0 ;1., .01 ;1, !.! ;1o, !o ;1!, 1 ;0-, 1!o ;11,
2. u.) o2.o u.o) 11.2 u.) 2.1 u.o) 21.o u.o) 1. u.1)
21.1 u.2) ou.2 u.1) 11. u.2) 1u.u u.2) 2o.1 u.2) 1.2 u.2)
1! ;0-, !1 ;1+, 1- ;1!, !.+ ;0-, !!+ ;1!, !01 ;1+,
-. ;0-, !o ;1o, !!+ ;1!, !0 ;1!, !+ ;1!, !+1 ;1,
!1. ;!-, +. ;!-, !!+ ;!o, !.0 ;!-, !! ;!., 10o ;!.,
1!- ;0, !.0 ;0-, !1 ;10, !o ;0, ! ;0-, !!- ;10,
!-! ;1, .1 ;!!, !o- ;1, !.- ;1o, !!! ;1+, 111 ;10,
1!- ;0-, -- ;0o, .1 ;0., !! ;0+,
1!+ ;0, .! ;0o, +. ;0o, 1. ;0!,
1!+ ;0o, .- ;0+, !+ ;0+, 1- ;0!,
11+ ;0!, ;0+, +! ;0!, ! ;0!,
1o- ;10, + ;0o, o ;0, !1 ;0+,
11 ;0, ! ;0, .+ ;0o, !+ ;0+,
!+- ;0-, 110 ;0, .. ;0., !o ;0!,
1!! ;0, o ;0, +! ;0., !. ;0!,
11o ;0, . ;0o, .- ;0+, !! ;0+,
!0 ;11, 1-! ;10, -. ;0, - ;0o,
1o. ;0-, 10! ;0, + ;0, ;0,
0 ;0o, . ;0., !o ;0., !0 ;0+,
1+o ;0, . ;0, .1 ;0o, !+ ;0+,
11 ;0-, - ;0o, +o ;0+, ! ;0+,
. ;0o, ;0, !+ ;0+, ! ;0+,
10 ;0, 1!0 ;0, +. ;0., 1 ;0o,
1.1 ;10, ;0, .o ;0o, !+ ;0.,
1.0 ;0-, - ;0, .1 ;0, ! ;0+,
1!+ ;0-, + ;0, +! ;0+, !0 ;0+,
101 ;0, .+ ;0., ! ;0+, 1o ;0!,
!1! ;0-, 11o ;0, -- ;0-, o0 ;0,
1- ;10, o! ;0, .. ;0o, 1 ;0!,
11. ;0o, .- ;0+, !o ;0!, !! ;0!,
10! ;0, + ;0o, ! ;0., !0 ;0+,
11o ;0, .1 ;0., ! ;0+, !! ;0!,
11! ;0, o ;0o, !. ;0+, !! ;0+,
-o ;0, o+ ;0, +. ;0o, !! ;0.,
12.2 u.1) .9 u.2) o. u.2) 1. u.2)
11. u.2) .1 u.1) .1 u.1) 1.o u.1)
!11 ;0-, 11o ;10, 1. ;0-, . ;0o,
!!- ;11, 1.! ;1!, . ;0, o0 ;0,
+ ;!0, 1- ;11, +0 ;1o, +0 ;1o,
!1! ;10, 1!+ ;0., 1.+ ;0o, 100 ;0,
;0-, !- ;0, ! ;0, !0 ;0+,
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Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
Allcug:c
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
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luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lo:tugl
uccc
uissc
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
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I|lcu .+A
Indice dìmage de soi en iecture, seion ie see, et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
Indice dìmage de soi en iecture
1
!
Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
Indice Indice Indice Indice Indice Indice
moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. Di. Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t.
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
Allcug:c
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
o:cc
luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lo:tugl
uccc
uissc
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
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par quartiies nationau de iìndice dìmage de soi en iecture
Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
Indice Ir. t. Indice Ir. t. Indice Ir. t. Indice Ir. t.
! lcs ciiic:c:ccs ositivcs i:ciquc:t quc lcs clcvcs cc scxc usculi: :clisc:t cc ucillcu:cs c:io:u:ccs quc lcs clcvcs
cu scxc icui:i: ct lcs ciiic:c:ccs :cgtivcs quc lcs clcvcs cc scxc icui:i: :clisc:t cc ucillcu:cs c:io:u:ccs quc lcs
clcvcs cu scxc usculi: lcs ciiic:c:ccs sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivcs so:t c: c:ctc:cs g:s
011 ;00!, 00o ;00!, -0.11 ;00!, 0-+ ;00!, 0!+ ;001, 000 ;001, 10o ;00!,
01. ;00!, 0!1 ;00!, -0.1s ;00., 1!! ;00!, 0! ;001, 0!. ;001, 1.0 ;001,
0!+ ;00!, 011 ;00!, -0.11 ;00!, 11! ;00!, 0! ;001, 00o ;000, 0! ;00!,
0+. ;00!, 00- ;00!, -0.1o ;00+, 1+! ;00!, 0o1 ;001, 00+ ;001, 10+ ;00!,
0!0 ;00!, 0.! ;00!, -0.12 ;00+, 0-1 ;00!, 001 ;001, 0oo ;001, 10 ;001,
0! ;00!, 01+ ;00!, -0.+2 ;00!, 11- ;001, 0+0 ;001, 01. ;001, 11- ;00!,
0!+ ;00!, 011 ;00!, -0.+s ;00!, 1!. ;00!, 0.0 ;001, 01! ;001, 1! ;00!,
0!0 ;00!, 00! ;00!, -0.12 ;00+, 1!+ ;00!, 0.o ;001, 010 ;001, 11+ ;00!,
01. ;00!, 00. ;00!, -0.20 ;00!, 1!o ;00!, 0!- ;001, 01o ;001, 1!- ;00!,
0!0 ;00+, 0!. ;00+, -0.1s ;00., 11! ;00!, 01o ;001, 0oo ;001, 11 ;001,
00 ;00!, 0.! ;00!, -0.++ ;00+, 11! ;00!, 010 ;001, 0o ;001, 1! ;001,
0!+ ;00!, 0!o ;00!, 00! ;00., 1!! ;001, 0o! ;001, 0!! ;001, 01 ;00!,
00o ;00!, 0!o ;00!, -0.21 ;00+, 11o ;00!, 0! ;001, 0+! ;001, 1o. ;001,
010 ;00!, 011 ;00!, -0.21 ;00!, 0 ;00!, 0! ;001, 011 ;001, 10o ;00!,
0!o ;00!, 00! ;00!, -0.29 ;00+, 1!- ;00!, 0+- ;001, 00 ;001, 1!. ;00!,
0!! ;00!, 01. ;00!, -0.18 ;00+, 1! ;00!, 0++ ;001, 01- ;001, 1!. ;00!,
0!! ;00!, 00 ;00!, -0.11 ;00!, 1!1 ;00!, 0+! ;001, 01 ;001, 1!0 ;00!,
011 ;00!, 01- ;00!, -0.10 ;00!, 0-+ ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0!1 ;001, 110 ;00!,
0!0 ;00!, 011 ;00!, -0.11 ;00!, 11! ;001, 0! ;001, 01! ;001, 11 ;00!,
00. ;00+, 0++ ;00+, -0.19 ;00+, 111 ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0o+ ;001, 1! ;001,
-u.u9 u.u2) u.2o u.u2) -u.11 u.u2) -1.11 u.u1) -u.11 u.uu) u.1 u.u1) 1.o1 u.u1)
-u.1o u.u1) u.1 u.u1) -u.29 u.u1) -1.1 u.uu) -u.1 u.uu) u.21 u.uu) 1.1u u.u1)
011 ;00!, 01 ;00!, -0.28 ;00!, 11! ;00!, 0!. ;001, 01 ;001, 1!! ;00!,
0!o ;00+, 01. ;00!, -0.s1 ;00+, 10 ;00!, 0!1 ;001, 0!+ ;001, 1+- ;00!,
00 ;00, 0!- ;00o, -0.11 ;010, 11. ;00+, 0+0 ;00!, 00. ;00!, 10 ;00,
0! ;00!, 01. ;00!, -0.s2 ;00!, 11+ ;001, 0!! ;001, 0!- ;001, 1.! ;001,
01! ;00+, 011 ;00+, -0.2s ;00., 111 ;00!, 0!! ;001, 01- ;001, 1!0 ;00!,
+-- ;+o, .1- ;+-, .! ;++, .! ;+.,
++ ;!, +-! ;+1, .1! ;!o, .+ ;!!,
.1+ ;oo, .!- ;.!, ..! ;++, .+ ;.1,
+ ;!, +-0 ;!!, .11 ;!1, .!o ;!1,
+.o ;!-, +-1 ;!., .10 ;!!, .+ ;!+,
.0- ;!1, .!1 ;!-, .o0 ;!!, .-! ;!o,
+ ;!, +o ;+0, .0! ;!o, .!+ ;!,
+. ;+1, +o+ ;.+, +-1 ;+, .!1 ;.0,
++ ;!!, +-. ;!+, .!! ;!!, ..1 ;!!,
.1! ;++, .! ;!, .!! ;+!, .+! ;+,
+.! ;.+, ++ ;!o, .01 ;!1, .1+ ;!,
+- ;!1, .1 ;!-, .!1 ;!!, ..! ;!+,
+1 ;!!, ++! ;!o, +1 ;!-, +-! ;!!,
+10 ;+-, +1. ;+, +!. ;+0, ++1 ;+!,
.1+ ;!-, .10 ;+1, .++ ;+, .! ;++,
+0 ;+, +-0 ;+., .!! ;!+, .o1 ;!-,
+!! ;.-, +.+ ;.!, +! ;+., .1! ;.0,
+1 ;!0, .0! ;!, .! ;!!, ..- ;!.,
+! ;+-, +! ;.o, .11 ;+o, .!+ ;.!,
+o- ;-0, +-o ;o!, .!o ;0, .. ;o!,
oo 1.o) oo 2.9) u 1.1) 11 1.u)
o1 1.u) o9u 1.1) 11 1.u) 19 1.u)
!-1 ;+!, !-! ;!, +01 ;!+, +!+ ;.1,
+!. ;o, ++1 ;o, +o ;.o, .1! ;.+,
+. ;10o, +! ;-, +-+ ;111, .1. ;o,
+!. ;.!, ++ ;+0, +1 ;+!, .0. ;.1,
.1. ;o, .!- ;.0, .! ;+o, .+- ;+!,
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kcu|liquc tc|cquc
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li:l:cc
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lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
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lo:tugl
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1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
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Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
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lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
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luxcu|ou:g
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:o:vcgc
lo:tugl
uccc
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lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
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rerormance sur i`cheiie de cuiture mathmatique,
par quartiies nationau de iìndice dìmage de soi en mathmatique
Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
Indice Ir. t. Indice Ir. t. Indice Ir. t. Indice Ir. t.
0! ;00!, 00+ ;00!, 0.21 ;00+, 0+ ;00!, 00 ;001, 0!- ;001, 11- ;00!,
00- ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 0.29 ;00+, 1!- ;00!, 0! ;001, 0!! ;001, 1!1 ;00!,
00- ;00!, 00- ;00!, 0.18 ;00+, 10+ ;00!, 0!o ;001, 0!! ;001, 10! ;00!,
00! ;00!, 0!+ ;00!, 0.2o ;00+, 1!- ;001, 0+1 ;001, 01o ;001, 10 ;00!,
0o ;00!, 0!- ;00!, 0.19 ;00+, 0 ;00!, 0!o ;001, 0-1 ;001, 1o ;001,
01. ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 0.1s ;00+, 1+1 ;001, 0+1 ;001, 0!1 ;001, 1!- ;00!,
0!+ ;00!, 01 ;00!, 0.+2 ;00+, 1!- ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0!+ ;001, 1!. ;00!,
0!. ;00+, 0! ;00!, 0.12 ;00., 1+- ;001, 0o ;001, 00- ;001, 10! ;00!,
011 ;00+, 00- ;00!, 0.20 ;00., 1!o ;001, 0!- ;001, 0! ;001, 1+1 ;00!,
00! ;00!, 011 ;00+, 0.09 ;00+, 1+0 ;001, 0+0 ;001, 0!o ;001, 1! ;00!,
01+ ;00+, 00+ ;00!, 0.11 ;00., 1!o ;001, 0!0 ;001, 0+! ;001, 1+. ;00!,
0+! ;00+, 0. ;00+, 0.1s ;00o, 1o! ;000, 10o ;001, 0!+ ;001, 0- ;00!,
011 ;00!, 01 ;00+, 0.28 ;00., 1!! ;00!, 0!+ ;001, 0!0 ;001, 1!. ;00!,
01 ;00!, 01! ;00!, 00. ;00!, 01 ;00!, 01. ;001, 0! ;001, 11. ;00!,
0!0 ;00+, 00+ ;00+, 0.2o ;00+, 1!1 ;00!, 01 ;001, 0.! ;001, 1.! ;001,
01 ;00+, 0!! ;00+, 0.s0 ;00o, 1+- ;001, 0+- ;001, 0! ;001, 1!o ;00!,
01+ ;00!, 0! ;00!, 0.11 ;00+, 1.0 ;001, 0o+ ;001, 01 ;001, 111 ;00!,
01! ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 0.1o ;00+, 11o ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0!0 ;001, 111 ;00!,
0!! ;00!, 01 ;00!, 0.s0 ;00+, 11! ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0!- ;001, 1!o ;00!,
0! ;00., 0!- ;00+, 00- ;00o, 0- ;00+, 00 ;001, 0o ;001, 1. ;001,
u.19 u.u2) u.uo u.u2) u.1 u.u1) -1.12 u.u2) -u.2u u.u1) u.o1 u.u1) 1.1o u.u1)
u.12 u.u1) -u.11 u.u1) u.2 u.u1) -1.2 u.u1) -u.1o u.uu) u.11 u.uu) 1.2 u.u1)
0!- ;00+, 00+ ;00+, 0.2s ;00., 10o ;00!, 01. ;001, 0+. ;001, 1! ;00!,
01+ ;00!, 00+ ;00+, 0.18 ;00., 1!0 ;00!, 01 ;00!, 0+! ;001, 11 ;00!,
0! ;00-, 011 ;00-, 0.19 ;01!, 0-! ;00, 0!! ;00!, 0!. ;00!, 11o ;00,
00+ ;00!, 00! ;00+, 001 ;00+, 1!! ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0+! ;001, 1!+ ;001,
0!- ;00., 0!o ;00., 0.os ;00, 1+0 ;00!, 0+! ;001, 0!+ ;001, 1!- ;00!,
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++ ;!+, +-. ;+0, .0- ;+o, .!! ;.0,
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+ ;1., .1- ;1!-, .0! ;1o1, ..+ ;1+,
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Indice dìmage de soi en mathmatique, seion ie see, et perormance sur i`cheiie de cuiture mathmatique, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
Indice dìmage de soi en mathmatique
1
!
Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
Indice Indice Indice Indice Indice Indice
moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. Di. Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t.
r
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cc scxc icui:i: ct lcs ciiic:c:ccs :cgtivcs quc lcs clcvcs cc scxc icui:i: :clisc:t cc ucillcu:cs c:io:u:ccs quc lcs
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Indice socio-conomique internationai de statut proessionnei (IsIIj et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension
de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
Indice socio-conomique internationai de statut proessionnei
1
1ous ies ives Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
Indice Indice Indice Indice Indice
moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t.

Variation du score sur rrobabiiit accrue pour ies ives du

i`cheiie combine de compr- quartiie in. de ia rpartition seion
par quartiies nationau de iìndice socio-conomique internationai
hension de i`crit par iÌsII de raiiser des perormances se
de statut proessionnei
+

1o.1 units de iìndice socio- situant dans ie quartiie in. de ia r-
Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
conomique internationai partition nationaie seion ies peror-

Indice Indice Indice Indice
+
mances en comprhension de i`crit
s
moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. Variation Ir. t. Rapport Ir. t.
! lc o: ctc cxclus cc ccttc cou:iso: cusc cù:c t:o io:tc :oo:tio: cc co::ccs u:qu:tcs
+ Voi: l`::cxc A! ou: l v:itio: cxliqucc lcs :og:cssio:s cù:itcs c: c:ctc:cs g:s so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivcs lo:squc lcs qu:tilcs i:ic:icu: ct
suc:icu: so:t i:ciqucs c: g:s, lcu: ciiic:c:cc cst sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivc 1o! u:itcs lì:cicc co::cso:cc:t u: cc:t t,c i:tc::tio:l
. lcs :tios sig:i|ctivcuc:t suc:icu:s 1 so:t c: c:ctc:cs g:s
.!! ;0., !11 ;0!, +o! ;01, .+ ;0!, !! ;0!,
+- ;0!, !!- ;0!, ++ ;01, .!! ;01, o-1 ;0!,
+-0 ;0+, !+ ;01, +!1 ;01, .!. ;01, 1 ;0!,
.! ;0!, !1! ;01, +1 ;01, .- ;01, !- ;01,
+! ;0!, !1! ;0!, +++ ;01, .1. ;00, oo1 ;0!,
+- ;0+, !-0 ;0!, ++0 ;01, .+- ;0!, 11 ;0!,
.00 ;0+, !- ;0!, +!+ ;01, ..1 ;01, 1 ;0!,
+! ;0+, ! ;0!, +11 ;0!, .!1 ;01, 1! ;0!,
+- ;0!, !00 ;0!, +!o ;01, .!. ;01, 0! ;0!,
+ ;0o, !.o ;0!, +0! ;0!, .!0 ;01, !! ;0+,
+-. ;0., !0+ ;0!, +!o ;01, .! ;01, 1. ;0!,
.! ;0!, !1+ ;0!, +! ;01, .o ;0!, ! ;0!,
++ ;0., !. ;0!, +! ;0!, .!! ;01, o-+ ;0!,
+1 ;0!, !. ;01, +0o ;01, .0! ;01, o- ;0+,
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++ ;0!, !.1 ;01, !. ;01, .0o ;01, oo1 ;0+,
+!. ;0, !++ ;01, !!! ;01, +o ;0!, oo. ;0.,
.!! ;0+, !0. ;0!, +1 ;01, . ;0!, !o ;0!,
.!- ;0+, !.o ;0!, +1 ;01, .-0 ;0!, !- ;0!,
+o0 ;0., !! ;0!, +00 ;01, +- ;01, o0 ;0+,
+!- ;0o, !o ;0!, !+. ;01, ++ ;01, o. ;0.,
+.0 ;0o, !o ;01, !o! ;01, +-o ;01, o! ;0.,
.0o ;0+, !0+ ;0!, ++1 ;01, .. ;01, !1 ;0!,
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.1! ;0!, !0 ;0!, +. ;01, .o- ;0!, 1 ;0!,
.!+ ;0, !0! ;0!, ++ ;0!, .-. ;0!, !. ;0!,
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+!- ;0o, !+o ;0!, !+. ;0!, +-o ;0!, o1 ;0+,
.0! ;0., ! ;01, +0+ ;0!, .. ;0!, +1 ;0!,
+. ;0-, !0 ;0o, +1 ;0+, .!1 ;0!, o! ;0-,
+-+ ;0., !00 ;0!, +0! ;01, .!+ ;0!, !- ;0!,
.0- ;0., !-. ;0!, +.! ;0!, .! ;0!, 1! ;0!,
+90 ;!, .!! ;+., .! ;+!, s1o ;.+, 11.1 ;!10, 1.9 ;01+,
+o1 ;!-, .00 ;!!, .!! ;!+, s+1 ;!., 1s.2 ;!0, 2.1 ;010,
+s1 ;o!, +- ;+., .! ;!!, so0 ;!+, 18.2 ;!!!, 2.+ ;01+,
s01 ;!!, .!- ;1-, .+. ;1-, s10 ;!0, 2s.1 ;0-, 1.9 ;00o,
++s ;!1, + ;!, +-- ;!., s+1 ;!-, +1.2 ;1o, 2.1 ;01!,
+os ;!!, +-0 ;!!, .11 ;!!, s+1 ;!o, 29.1 ;1-, 1.8 ;011,
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+o9 ;+!, +-o ;!!, .!0 ;!1, ss2 ;!o, 10.8 ;1-1, 2.2 ;01!,
+21 ;.+, +1 ;+0, .1! ;!+, s+1 ;!., +s.1 ;!10, 2.o ;01-,
++0 ;.o, +o0 ;!, +o ;.., s19 ;.., 28.1 ;!.1, 1.8 ;01o,
+1s ;+-, +o1 ;+., .0+ ;!, s11 ;.-, 19.2 ;!!, 2.2 ;01o,
+81 ;!1, +-o ;!!, .1! ;!!, s+0 ;!o, 19.1 ;1+., 1.s ;00-,
+91 ;+!, .!0 ;+!, .!. ;!, s10 ;!, 10.1 ;1-, 1.9 ;010,
+s1 ;+!, +1 ;!!, +-+ ;!o, s2s ;!-, 2o.+ ;1+, 1.8 ;01!,
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19+ ;+1, +! ;!+, +! ;!!, +91 ;!, 19.2 ;!0!, 2.s ;01.,
18s ;+1, +0 ;!, +!. ;+0, +11 ;.-, 11.8 ;!!, 1.9 ;01,
+89 ;+!, .!! ;!, .+- ;!+, s1+ ;+., 11.9 ;!1+, 2.0 ;01!,
+11 ;+1, +-+ ;!, .1+ ;!, s+1 ;+!, 29.1 ;!0!, 1.o ;00-,
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+11 ;+-, +.! ;+-, +. ;+!, s21 ;.0, 18.+ ;!1+, 2.0 ;01!,
+o1 ;!., +! ;!o, .0 ;!, s29 ;!0, 2o.s ;1o1, 1.9 ;011,
+8s ;!-, .0- ;!!, .!! ;!1, ss8 ;!!, 21.1 ;1.0, 1.8 ;010,
+1+ ;+!, +-! ;+o, .1! ;+!, s+9 ;.!, +0.2 ;!1, 2.1 ;01,
+81 ;!1, .1! ;!1, .+! ;!., s19 ;!o, 18.+ ;1o0, 2.1 ;011,
+oo ;., .0 ;.-, .! ;o1, sso ;.-, 11.s ;!1, 2.1 ;0!0,
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1o8 ;!-, ! ;!, +1! ;+0, +1s ;+., 2o.1 ;1-+, 1.9 ;01!,
+28 ;o+, ++- ;.0, +- ;o, +92 ;oo, 21.1 ;!!!, 1.8 ;01!,
+11 ;110, +-1 ;11-, +-. ;-1, s21 ;-!, 12.o ;.1., 2.1 ;0+0,
+29 ;.., +.0 ;!, +! ;+, s02 ;!-, 2o.s ;1o, 1.8 ;00-,
+9s ;.o, .!. ;.!, ... ;!o, soo ;++, 29.9 ;!+., 2.2 ;0!0,
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Aust:lic
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Indice socio-conomique internationai de statut proessionnei (IsIIj et perormance sur i`cheiie de cuiture mathmatique,
1
e
quartiie 1
e


rerormance sur i`cheiie combine de cuiture mathmatique,
i`cheiie de cuiture quartiie in. de ia rpartition seion
mathmatique par iÌ sII de raiiser des perormances se
+

Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e

+
mances en cuiture mathmatique
s
.!!! ;0o+, !0o. ;0!1, +o1- ;01., .oo ;0!!, !! ;0!!,
+-! ;0!., !!1 ;0!+, ++o ;010, .!!o ;00, o-11 ;0!,
+-0 ;0++, !!o ;01, +!.0 ;01o, .!.- ;01!, 1-. ;0!.,
.!-+ ;0!., !1++ ;01!, +!1 ;00-, .-0 ;010, !0! ;01o,
+!+ ;0!1, !1!- ;0!!, +++. ;01, .1.! ;00+, o.+ ;0!,
+-0 ;0+, !-!+ ;0!1, ++01 ;01, .+-o ;01, 0-- ;0!o,
+--- ;0+, !-+ ;0!!, +!1+ ;01, ..+0 ;01, 1- ;0!o,
+!- ;0.0, !! ;0!0, +1! ;0!+, .!1 ;00, 1!! ;0!1,
+-11 ;0!+, !--- ;0!0, +!o ;01., .!0 ;00, 0-- ;0!,
+!- ;0o!, !.. ;0!0, +0-+ ;0!0, .! ;01., !-1 ;0!-,
+-0 ;0+-, !0.0 ;0!., +!- ;01!, .!-- ;01, 1 ;0!o,
.!++ ;0!, !1+! ;0!., +0o ;01, .-! ;0!, !!- ;0!.,
+00 ;0.1, !.! ;0!0, +!+ ;0!0, .!+ ;00-, o!- ;0!+,
+o-+ ;0!-, !!! ;01, +0+1 ;01-, .0!+ ;00, o1 ;0++,
u u u u u u u u u u
+!- ;0.1, !oo. ;01., !o!1 ;01!, +o1+ ;01-, o!-o ;0+.,
++! ;0!., !+-- ;01-, !o-! ;0!0, .011 ;01, o..0 ;0+o,
+!! ;01, !+1 ;01, !!+ ;01., +1! ;0!1, oo!! ;0.+,
.!+0 ;0+., !0o! ;0!o, +o-0 ;01., .0! ;0!, +1! ;0!,
.!1 ;0+!, !.o. ;0!o, +01 ;01o, ..1 ;0!, !1 ;0!1,
+. ;0+o, !1. ;0!0, +00 ;01, +- ;01!, oo.! ;0.+,
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++ ;0oo, !o ;01, !.-o ;01., +-+ ;01., o!! ;0o!,
.0!0 ;0+, !--! ;01, +!o ;01o, ..o+ ;0!0, 1- ;0!,
+-o ;0o!, !-0+ ;0!!, +1-! ;010, .!. ;010, !0. ;0.1,
.1!! ;0!., !0. ;0!1, +.oo ;01, .o- ;0!!, 1. ;0!.,
.!!! ;01, !0+ ;0!!, +!o ;0!o, .-!! ;0!, !+ ;0!-,
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+-- ;0o1, !o ;01-, !--! ;0!0, .o ;0!, +!o ;0!.,
+oo- ;1!0, !+1 ;00, +0!1 ;0.+, .1!- ;0.!, o!- ;1!!,
+-0 ;0.+, !00! ;0!-, +01 ;01!, .+!. ;0!!, +!o ;0!!,
.0-1 ;0.+, !-+. ;0!, +.+o ;0!o, .1+ ;0!., 1o ;0!1,
+9s ;+!, .! ;+, .+. ;+o, s18 ;o1, 29.2 ;!!., 2.1 ;0!!,
+19 ;.0, .0- ;+1, .! ;+, s+9 ;+!, 11.1 ;!oo, 1.8 ;01.,
+11 ;o, .0 ;+, .+ ;+0, s1+ ;++, 18.1 ;!1, 2.1 ;01,
s09 ;!1, .! ;!!, .+1 ;!!, so1 ;!!, 21.2 ;10!, 1.8 ;00o,
+s+ ;+!, +-1 ;!o, .0 ;+0, s+s ;+!, +1.8 ;!!o, 2.1 ;01.,
+89 ;!, .0. ;!-, .!1 ;+!, ss1 ;+., 2+.8 ;!0+, 2.0 ;01,
s11 ;!o, .! ;!!, .+! ;!1, sos ;!, 19.1 ;1o1, 1.o ;010,
+8o ;+, .1! ;!-, .!0 ;!o, so0 ;!, 2o.9 ;!1, 2.0 ;01o,
+18 ;.!, +1 ;.., .1! ;+0, s+1 ;+!, 19.9 ;!+o, 2.o ;0!!,
+11 ;o., +!0 ;-, +.o ;oo, +99 ;, 10.s ;!!+, 1.1 ;01-,
+19 ;+, +o ;.!, .1! ;+., s+1 ;o-, +1.o ;!-., 2.2 ;01o,
+9o ;+, .11 ;+!, .1 ;+!, s+0 ;!, 1o.s ;!10, 1.s ;01!,
+12 ;+1, +- ;++, .1! ;+1, s1o ;++, 2s.9 ;!!!, 1.8 ;01!,
+11 ;.1, ++- ;++, +o ;+., +8o ;.0, 21.1 ;!+-, 1.o ;01!,
s21 ;+!, .+- ;!o, ..! ;+1, s11 ;+!, 21.9 ;!!0, 1.8 ;01+,
+08 ;.!, +!+ ;++, +0 ;+1, +9+ ;!, 11.2 ;!0+, 2.1 ;01,
1s+ ;+, !. ;+, !- ;.0, +11 ;.-, 10.0 ;!., 1.8 ;01-,
s00 ;.-, .!- ;+., ... ;+!, s8+ ;+, 11.0 ;!.o, 1.9 ;01!,
+1o ;.0, +. ;+., .0o ;++, s11 ;++, 2s.9 ;!+1, 1.s ;01!,
+18 ;0, +.- ;o., + ;o-, s2s ;o+, 1s.1 ;!-, 1.8 ;01,
+20 ;.!, ++1 ;+-, +o+ ;+, s01 ;+-, 11.9 ;!+0, 1.9 ;01,
++1 ;+, +o. ;+!, +-! ;!., s11 ;+, 21.o ;!!., 1.9 ;01!,
+1+ ;+!, +-- ;+., .1 ;!., sss ;!-, 10.o ;!00, 2.0 ;01.,
+18 ;+, .!1 ;.!, .+1 ;.-, s18 ;.!, 1+.0 ;!00, 2.1 ;01,
+88 ;!!, .!+ ;!., .+ ;+1, s18 ;+0, 1+.s ;1-+, 2.1 ;01+,
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+8o ;1+!, .1+ ;10, .!! ;1!., s+o ;1.0, 21.1 ;1, c c
+s1 ;+, +oo ;o+, + ;oo, s1s ;.0, 21.1 ;!!!, 1.1 ;01+,
s11 ;., .. ;o+, .! ;+o, s91 ;++, 21.2 ;!o!, 1.8 ;0!!,
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Indice socio-conomique internationai de statut proessionnei (IsIIj et perormance sur i`cheiie de cuiture scientique,
1
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quartiie 1
e


rerormance sur i`cheiie combine de cuiture scientique,
i`cheiie de cuiture quartiie in. de ia rpartition seion
scientique par iÌ sII de raiiser des perormances se
+

Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
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+
mances en cuiture scientique
s
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+-.! ;0!, !!-+ ;0!!, ++o- ;00, .!!+ ;00o, o-0o ;0!,
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.!+ ;0!., !1!! ;00, +1+ ;00, .-+ ;00, !-+ ;01!,
++o ;0!, !11- ;0!0, +++0 ;01!, .1.! ;00!, oo1+ ;0!,
+-.o ;0+-, !-01 ;01-, ++0! ;01!, .+. ;01., 10 ;0!,
.00. ;0+!, !-o. ;01, +!+0 ;01!, ..1+ ;01!, 1+ ;0!0,
+.0 ;0+o, !o- ;01, +10- ;01o, .!0 ;00o, 1!1 ;0!,
+o ;0!o, !00+ ;0!0, +!o+ ;01!, .!.! ;00o, 0!1 ;0!!,
+o! ;00, !... ;0!o, +0!! ;0!1, .!-- ;010, !!! ;0!,
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+.0 ;0!-, !.0- ;01+, !+o ;01+, .0.. ;01!, oo0o ;0!,
+!+0 ;0., !+!o ;01!, !!!! ;011, +o- ;01o, oo+o ;0+,
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.!-0 ;0+o, !..- ;0!., +1+ ;01!, .- ;01, !-+ ;0!!,
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+.10 ;0o, !o! ;011, !o!! ;01+, +-o! ;01!, o!0 ;0+-,
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+-1. ;0.+, !-!o ;01-, +!+- ;00-, .!!1 ;00o, 1-+ ;0!0,
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++0+ ;0oo, !+.o ;0!!, !+.0 ;01-, +-o0 ;01, o1! ;0!,
.001 ;00, !o ;01., +0+1 ;01-, .+o ;0!1, +0 ;0!,
+ ;11, !01 ;0o!, +1! ;0!, .!11 ;0!+, o!! ;0-!,
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+98 ;+-, .!! ;+, .!1 ;+o, s11 ;o!, 2o.2 ;!+1, 2.0 ;01o,
+19 ;+, .11 ;!., .!+ ;!, sso ;+1, 1+.1 ;!.-, 2.1 ;01+,
+++ ;-0, +o ;+o, .!+ ;!o, ss2 ;+1, +0.2 ;!, 2.+ ;01,
s01 ;!, .!+ ;!!, .! ;!1, so1 ;!+, 21.1 ;1!, 1.8 ;00,
+o8 ;+1, .0+ ;!, .1- ;+0, so1 ;!-, +1.1 ;!+1, 2.2 ;01+,
++s ;+., +! ;.1, +-! ;+1, s12 ;.!, 12.1 ;!.o, 1.8 ;01+,
s11 ;+!, .!o ;!, .+o ;++, sos ;+!, 18.+ ;!1, 1.1 ;011,
+o0 ;+., + ;.0, .1 ;+., sso ;+., 11.9 ;!!0, 2.0 ;01.,
+11 ;.+, +! ;.-, .1! ;!, s19 ;!-, +0.1 ;!.1, 2.1 ;01-,
+29 ;o0, ++! ;, + ;.o, +98 ;0, 2s.9 ;!0!, 1.1 ;01,
+++ ;oo, + ;.!, .1- ;+., ss+ ;.-, +1.1 ;!!+, 2.2 ;01o,
+81 ;++, ++ ;+!, +- ;!-, s19 ;+!, 11.s ;!!, 1! ;010,
+82 ;+, .0+ ;+-, .!! ;+., ss1 ;+., 28.9 ;!1., 1.1 ;01!,
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192 ;+1, +10 ;!, +!0 ;+., +o1 ;o+, 2s.8 ;!+-, 1.1 ;01+,
+90 ;.., .1 ;!o, .+o ;!-, s1s ;+1, 11.1 ;!+., 2.2 ;01,
+11 ;+., +- ;+, .0 ;+!, s1o ;++, 2s.1 ;!+o, 1.o ;011,
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+2o ;+., ++. ;.!, +. ;!-, s0+ ;.!, 12.+ ;!!0, 1.9 ;01,
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+8s ;!, +- ;+!, .1- ;+1, ss2 ;!, 2s.2 ;1!, 1.s ;01!,
++2 ;+, +. ;., .10 ;.0, ss+ ;.-, +0.2 ;!+., 2.s ;01o,
+92 ;+1, .!! ;!!, .+ ;+., s88 ;!-, 11.s ;!!, 2.2 ;01+,
+o+ ;+, +- ;o., .!1 ;o-, sss ;, 11.+ ;!!!, 2.2 ;01-,
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oo u.9) o9u u.9) 12 u.9) o1 1.1) 11.9 u.o9) 1.9 u.u1)
1+o ;.o, !o! ;.1, !-1 ;.1, +1+ ;o, 2s.1 ;!!1, 1.8 ;01+,
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+11 ;1+, +! ;1!, +-. ;1!!, s21 ;1.+, 1s.1 ;o-, c c
+11 ;.o, ++ ;.o, +o- ;.+, +99 ;.+, 2+.0 ;!!0, 1.o ;01!,
+9o ;!, .1- ;.-, ..+ ;.!, so+ ;., 29.2 ;!., 2.1 ;0!0,
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Indice de richesse amiiiaie et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
Indice de richesse
1
e
quartiie 1
e


i`cheiie combine de quartiie in. de ia rpartition seion
comprhension de i`crit iìndice de richesse de raiiser des
1

par unit de progres- perorm. se situant dans ie quartiie in.
Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
sion de iìndice de de ia rpartition nationaie seion ies

richesse
1
perorm. en comprhension de i`crit
+
0+! ;00!, 0o+ ;00!, 01. ;001, 0oo ;001, 1.! ;00!,
0!. ;00!, 00 ;00!, 000 ;000, 0+. ;001, 1!+ ;00!,
00- ;00!, 10! ;001, 0!. ;000, 011 ;000, 0-0 ;00!,
0+1 ;001, 0o ;001, 01. ;000, 0oo ;000, 1.1 ;001,
0o ;00!, 1-! ;001, 11! ;001, 0o1 ;001, 0!0 ;00!,
0+- ;00!, 0+o ;00!, 0!o ;001, 0! ;000, 1+o ;001,
0!! ;00!, 01 ;00!, 00! ;000, 0+ ;000, 110 ;001,
01. ;00!, 10 ;001, 0! ;001, 00 ;000, 0 ;001,
0!0 ;00!, 0. ;00!, 00 ;001, 0+! ;001, 1!0 ;00!,
0+. ;00!, 1+- ;00!, 0! ;001, 0!! ;001, 0o! ;00+,
0 ;00!, 1-o ;00!, 11o ;001, 0.- ;001, 0!. ;001,
0.! ;001, 0+. ;00!, 0!0 ;001, 0 ;001, 1.! ;001,
00. ;00!, 10! ;001, 0!1 ;001, 0!1 ;001, 111 ;00!,
01! ;00!, 0. ;00!, 01! ;001, 0!+ ;001, 11! ;00!,
01+ ;00!, 0-- ;001, 0!1 ;000, 00 ;000, 0o ;001,
0! ;00!, 11+ ;00!, 0+! ;001, 00! ;000, 0+- ;001,
0!! ;00!, 00 ;00!, 00. ;001, 0. ;001, 1+. ;00!,
1++ ;00o, !1 ;00!, 1-0 ;001, 11+ ;001, 010 ;00o,
0!! ;00!, 0 ;00!, 00o ;001, 0.0 ;001, 1!+ ;00!,
0.o ;00!, 0! ;00!, 0!+ ;001, 0 ;001, 1.0 ;001,
100 ;00!, !!! ;00!, 1!0 ;001, 0! ;001, 0!+ ;00!,
01! ;00!, 1! ;00!, 0+. ;001, 01- ;001, 11! ;00!,
01+ ;00!, 11o ;001, 0+! ;001, 00- ;001, 0-! ;00!,
0o. ;00!, 0! ;00!, 0+! ;000, 0-! ;001, 1o! ;00!,
00. ;00!, 0- ;001, 0!! ;001, 0! ;001, 11+ ;00+,
0+! ;00!, 0o1 ;00!, 01. ;001, 0oo ;000, 1.1 ;00!,
0o1 ;00o, 0o0 ;00!, 0!. ;001, 0-1 ;001, 10 ;00!,
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u.uu u.uu) -1.uo u.u1) -u.2o u.u1) u.2 u.u1) 1.uo u.u1)
1!- ;00+, !o- ;001, 1- ;001, 11! ;001, 00. ;00!,
1+o ;00!, !o! ;00!, 11 ;001, 11 ;001, 0!1 ;00!,
0!o ;00., 0! ;00., 00! ;001, 0.! ;00!, 1! ;00.,
1- ;00!, ! ;00!, !0+ ;001, 1.+ ;001, 00 ;00!,
01 ;00!, 0o- ;00!, 001 ;001, 0+0 ;001, 10! ;00!,
s10 ;+!, .!! ;+o, .! ;+, s++ ;.0, 1o.o ;!o+, 1.+ ;011,
+9s ;!-, .0 ;!+, .1+ ;!, s1+ ;!, 10.8 ;!!, 1.1 ;00,
+9+ ;.-, .0- ;+o, .1o ;!1, s1s ;!, 9.o ;!-, 1.1 ;00,
s1+ ;!+, .! ;!0, .+! ;1-, s+o ;!!, 11.8 ;11-, 1.+ ;00.,
+1s ;!-, +-1 ;!, +-- ;!0, s02 ;+0, 11.o ;!0!, 1.1 ;00,
+8s ;!, +-! ;!, .11 ;!o, s0o ;!, 12.1 ;!+!, 1.1 ;00,
s1s ;.o, .++ ;!-, ..1 ;!!, sso ;!, 12.2 ;+!0, 1.2 ;00,
+18 ;+., .01 ;!, .1+ ;!!, s28 ;!!, 2o.2 ;!.o, 1.o ;010,
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+so ;.-, +o- ;+, +-+ ;.0, s02 ;.1, 22.2 ;!0., 1.o ;01!,
s1s ;!1, .0 ;!!, .0 ;!1, s01 ;!1, -s.o ;!!!, 0- ;00o,
s11 ;+1, .!! ;+!, .!1 ;+!, s+1 ;+, 11.9 ;!+, 1.1 ;00,
+1o ;+0, + ;!o, + ;+, s00 ;!., 9.9 ;!0!, 1.2 ;00,
.!1 ;o, .!o ;.., .!o ;.1, .! ;.o, !- ;!1+, 11 ;00,
s09 ;+0, .!. ;!0, .!1 ;!-, s1+ ;!!, 1s.1 ;!-0, 1.o ;010,
+0s ;!, ++ ;!, +.. ;!!, +o+ ;!., 2s.0 ;1o, 1.9 ;01!,
192 ;+1, +0 ;+!, +!+ ;!., +o+ ;o-, 2+.+ ;!!, 1.o ;01.,
+91 ;+o, .!- ;+!, .+0 ;+1, ss2 ;+!, 21.8 ;!!-, 1.8 ;00-,
+-o ;+1, .1. ;+!, .11 ;.., .0+ ;+0, +! ;!-o, 1.2 ;00,
+o+ ;+, +! ;., +-0 ;., +88 ;o!, 8.8 ;!o!, 1.1 ;00-,
+12 ;+-, +. ;.1, +o ;+-, s01 ;.!, 29.8 ;!!-, 1.8 ;01!,
+12 ;!, +-1 ;+!, +-- ;!-, s12 ;!1, 11.2 ;1-, 1.s ;010,
s08 ;!, .1 ;!!, .!0 ;!!, s22 ;!+, 8.2 ;!10, 1.1 ;00,
+1o ;.., +- ;+!, .0! ;+o, s0+ ;o, 11.s ;!.!, 1.s ;010,
s08 ;!, .!0 ;!, .!1 ;!+, s+1 ;!, 1+.9 ;1-!, 1.1 ;00,
+ss ;+, .0! ;o!, .!. ;oo, s+0 ;o-, 12.0 ;!0o, 2.1 ;01+,
o2 2.) o9 1.) u9 1.9) 2u 2.2) 2.1 u.9) 1.o u.u1)
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110 ;!o, !. ;!, !-o ;+., +11 ;., 2s.2 ;!1., 1.o ;01!,
++- ;., +.. ;.+, +o ;!, +o. ;, 1.s ;!!, 1! ;011,
+o ;11-, + ;110, +-. ;11o, +-0 ;111, 1+.9 ;1, c c
++9 ;o1, +o0 ;++, +o+ ;+-, +11 ;!, 12.1 ;!o+, 1.+ ;00,
.!! ;.o, .!- ;+o, .!! ;.1, .!. ;+o, !- ;+!, 10 ;011,
! Voi: l`::cxc A! ou: l v:itio: cxliqucc lcs :og:cssio:s cù:itcs c: c:ctc:cs g:s so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivcs lo:squc lcs qu:tilcs i:ic:icu: ct
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Indice de patrimoine cuiturei amiiiai et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit,
Indice de patrimoine cuiturei amiiiai
1
e
quartiie 1
e

Variation du score sur i`cheiie

combine de comprhension

1

de i`crit par unit de pro-

Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
gression de iìndice de patri-

moine cuiturei amiiiai
1

moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. Variation Ir. t.
1 Voi: l`::cxc A1 ou: u:c cc|:itio: cc lì:cicc \x cst utilisc ou: ccsig:c: lcs ,s ou lus cc !. ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs
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00- ;00!, 1! ;00!, 0.0 ;001, 0! ;00!, \x
001 ;00!, 1!+ ;00!, 0!0 ;001, 0+1 ;00!, \x
0+1 ;00!, 1o. ;000, 0o ;001, 01. ;001, 0-! ;001,
01! ;001, 1!- ;001, 0.o ;000, 0!! ;001, \x
01 ;00!, 10o ;00!, 00 ;001, 0! ;00!, \x
011 ;00!, 1!1 ;00!, 0.. ;001, 0! ;001, \x
01! ;00!, 11 ;00!, 0!. ;001, 0. ;00!, \x
0!0 ;00!, 1o. ;000, 0o. ;001, 01! ;000, 100 ;001,
00! ;00!, 1!0 ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0!- ;001, \x
0!0 ;00!, 0-o ;00!, 00! ;001, 0o! ;00!, \x
0!! ;00!, 0+ ;00!, 01! ;000, 0-0 ;001, \x
0o ;001, 0++ ;00!, 0! ;00!, 11. ;000, \x
00 ;00!, 1!- ;00!, 0+! ;001, 0!o ;001, \x
0!+ ;00!, 0- ;00!, 01! ;000, 10 ;001, \x
0! ;00!, 1o! ;000, 0o! ;000, 00- ;000, 10- ;001,
0!+ ;00!, 10! ;00!, 00o ;001, 0. ;00!, \x
011 ;00!, 1.0 ;001, 0+ ;001, 0! ;001, \x
0. ;00!, 1o. ;000, 11. ;001, 0!- ;001, 0 ;00!,
0!! ;00!, 1.1 ;001, 0o! ;000, 010 ;001, \x
01+ ;00!, 1!1 ;00!, 0!. ;001, 0o ;00!, \x
01 ;00!, 10! ;00!, 000 ;001, 0o0 ;00!, \x
010 ;00!, 1++ ;001, 0! ;001, 0!. ;001, \x
01 ;00!, 11o ;00!, 00+ ;001, 0! ;00!, \x
00. ;00!, 11 ;00!, 0!+ ;001, 0. ;00!, \x
00 ;00!, 1! ;001, 0+! ;001, 0!1 ;001, \x
00 ;00!, 1.0 ;001, 0+! ;001, 0+ ;00!, \x
01! ;00+, 1+- ;00!, 0.1 ;001, 0!. ;00!, \x
-u.1u u.u1) -1.ou u.u1) -u.o u.u1) u.1 u.u1) 1.1u u.uu)
u.uu u.uu) -1.2 u.uu) -u.11 u.uu) u.o u.uu) 1.12 u.uu)
0+1 ;00!, 1o. ;000, 0o ;001, 00o ;001, 0 ;00!,
0.. ;00!, 0.! ;00!, 0++ ;00!, 11. ;000, \x
00! ;00., 1!+ ;00., 0! ;00+, 0! ;00+, \x
0++ ;00!, 0++ ;00!, 01! ;000, 0-. ;001, \x
0+. ;00!, 1o. ;000, 0o ;001, 0!1 ;00!, 0 ;00!,
+92 ;!, .11 ;+-, .+1 ;+!, s12 ;+., 12.10 ;!0-,
+8s ;+0, +-! ;!+, .1! ;!, s+2 ;!, 22.92 ;!0,
+oo ;.!, .0+ ;+!, .1 ;!, s+9 ;!!, 11.o1 ;11,
s08 ;!!, .!+ ;!0, .+! ;!!, so1 ;1, 22.8+ ;0-+,
+s1 ;!, +- ;!o, .0- ;!!, s22 ;!., 10.89 ;!o,
+oo ;+1, +-0 ;!-, .0o ;!, s1+ ;!!, 2s.98 ;1,
s1o ;++, .+! ;!1, .o! ;!!, sos ;!!, 21.s1 ;1o!,
+so ;+!, +- ;!., .!0 ;!0, s18 ;!!, 11.9+ ;1o,
++8 ;o, +o ;o1, +-1 ;+o, s12 ;+1, 11.9+ ;!!!,
+1s ;o, +0 ;+o, +- ;.o, s0s ;.., 12.08 ;!--,
+2o ;+, + ;., .0o ;+., s11 ;+!, +2.08 ;!.,
+8+ ;!, .11 ;!!, .!0 ;!+, s18 ;!!, 22.21 ;!+!,
s02 ;++, .1 ;+o, .!o ;!-, sso ;+0, 22.02 ;!1,
+so ;+0, +o ;+0, .0o ;!, s01 ;!!, 21.2o ;!0!,
+91 ;o, .!. ;+-, .! ;.0, s++ ;.!, 18.8o ;!00,
s02 ;!., .!+ ;!-, .!+ ;!1, s+1 ;!-, 1o.11 ;1o,
19s ;!, +!- ;!o, +.o ;!., +9s ;!-, 1o.11 ;1.,
+00 ;!!, +0. ;!!, +!! ;+0, +o+ ;.o, 21.28 ;!!1,
s0s ;!, .1- ;+1, .!. ;!-, s12 ;+-, 2+.2o ;!!,
+o+ ;+!, .01 ;+0, .!+ ;++, s19 ;!-, 29.10 ;!01,
+11 ;.., +-0 ;.., +-+ ;.+, s0o ;o, 10.28 ;!0!,
+2o ;.!, +.+ ;.0, +-. ;++, s08 ;.0, 11.o8 ;!0!,
+ss ;!, +-! ;!!, .10 ;!o, s1o ;!!, 2s.o0 ;1.,
+8+ ;!0, .0- ;!-, .!0 ;!, s+s ;!!, 2o.21 ;1+,
+os ;+!, +. ;+!, +-o ;., s1o ;., 2o.os ;!!!,
+89 ;!-, .0. ;!1, .+0 ;+!, soo ;+, 29.01 ;1-.,
+os ;o!, + ;10!, .1- ;, ss2 ;o, 12.19 ;!.-,
ooo 1.9) o9u 2.) 12 2.1) 1 2.u) 2.9o u.)
ooo u.9) o91 u.9) 11 u.) 1o u.) 2.u2 u.oo)
180 ;!, !o ;+1, +0. ;+1, +21 ;.1, 19.9+ ;!!!,
+21 ;oo, +o! ;o0, +! ;0, +1+ ;.-, 1+.11 ;!+0,
+s0 ;10, +! ;10!, +-! ;-, s20 ;10, 21.1+ ;o10,
++0 ;+, +oo ;.+, +! ;+, +1o ;!o, 2+.0o ;!!.,
s09 ;.!, .!o ;+o, .!. ;+!, so0 ;+!, 20.o1 ;1-1,
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Indice dàctivits en iien avec ia cuiture dite ciassique et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit,
Indice dàctivits cuitureiies
1
e
quartiie 1
e

Variation du score sur i`cheiie

combine de comprhension

1

de i`crit par unit de

Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
progression de iìndice

dàctivits cuitureiies
1

1 Voi: l`::cxc A1 ou: u:c cc|:itio: cc lì:cicc \i: cst utilisc ou: ccsig:c: lcs ,s ou lus cc !. ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs
ttcig:c:t l vlcu: l lus |ssc cc cct i:cicc ;1!,
! Voi: l`::cxc A! ou: l v:itio: cxliqucc lcs :og:cssio:s cù:itcs c: c:ctc:cs g:s so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivcs
lo:squc lcs qu:tilcs i:ic:icu: ct suc:icu: so:t i:ciqucs c: g:s, lcu: ciiic:c:cc cst sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivc
0!+ ;00!, \i: 0-- ;00!, 00. ;001, 0-+ ;00!,
01o ;00!, 1!o ;000, 01. ;000, 0o. ;001, 1+1 ;00!,
010 ;00!, \i: 0.0 ;00!, 0!o ;001, 11+ ;00!,
01! ;001, 1!1 ;001, 01. ;000, 0. ;000, 1! ;001,
0o0 ;00!, 0.- ;00!, 0+o ;001, 0-! ;001, 1o! ;001,
0!1 ;00!, 0o ;00!, 00- ;001, 0o+ ;001, 1!. ;00!,
01o ;00!, \i: 0. ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0-- ;00!,
0!o ;00!, \i: 10! ;00!, 00o ;001, 0-+ ;00!,
001 ;00!, \i: 0!. ;001, 0! ;001, 1!1 ;00!,
0!+ ;00!, 0! ;00!, 01 ;001, 0o ;001, 1!+ ;00!,
01 ;00!, 0.- ;00!, 0.o ;000, 110 ;001, 1 ;001,
0!1 ;00!, 0-- ;00!, 011 ;001, 0o! ;001, 1!+ ;001,
00! ;00!, \i: 01 ;000, 0! ;001, 10 ;00!,
00! ;00!, \i: 0!+ ;001, 0!! ;001, 1!1 ;001,
0! ;00!, \i: 1! ;000, 01 ;00!, 0!- ;00!,
00 ;00!, \i: 1! ;000, 0- ;00!, 0.+ ;00!,
01o ;00!, \i: 0+ ;00!, 01 ;001, 1!1 ;00!,
00 ;00+, \i: 0.+ ;00!, 0! ;001, 1!1 ;00!,
00 ;00!, \i: 0+0 ;00!, 0!! ;001, 11+ ;00!,
0!1 ;00!, \i: 0o- ;00!, 010 ;001, 101 ;00!,
0! ;00!, 11! ;001, 001 ;001, 0o- ;001, 1.! ;00!,
00- ;00!, 1!1 ;001, 01o ;000, 0+ ;001, 1!. ;00!,
00! ;00!, \i: 0! ;001, 0+0 ;001, 1!. ;00!,
01! ;00!, \i: 0.o ;00!, 0!! ;001, 111 ;00!,
00 ;00!, \i: 0!! ;001, 0+ ;001, 1!1 ;00!,
00+ ;00!, \i: 0+! ;001, 0!! ;001, 1!! ;00!,
0!0 ;00+, 111 ;00!, 00 ;001, 0o+ ;001, 1!o ;00!,
-u.u u.u1) -1.2u u.uu) -u.oo u.u1) u.2o u.u1) 1.12 u.u1)
u.uu u.uu) -1.1 u.uu) -u.1o u.uu) u.1o u.uu) 1.19 u.uu)
0!. ;00!, \i: 0 ;00!, 00- ;00!, 0- ;00!,
0.. ;00!, 0- ;00!, 0+0 ;001, 0-o ;001, 1o+ ;001,
00. ;00., 11! ;00+, 01o ;000, 0!0 ;00+, 11- ;00o,
011 ;00., \i: 0!1 ;001, 0.. ;001, 1+ ;00!,
0!o ;00!, \i: 0+ ;00!, 00 ;001, 100 ;00!,
s01 ;+!, .0 ;+!, .!+ ;++, s10 ;.!, 28.18 ;!o+,
+1s ;!+, .0+ ;!+, .1. ;!!, s+0 ;!-, 21.11 ;1o,
+os ;.., +-+ ;!-, .! ;!o, ss+ ;+-, 11.1o ;!!-,
s02 ;1-, .!. ;1-, .+ ;!0, so1 ;!1, 2o.2o ;0!,
+12 ;!., +-+ ;!+, .0+ ;!-, s1s ;!!, 2o.+9 ;1.,
+11 ;!o, +-1 ;!!, .0- ;+0, s2o ;+!, 2+.81 ;1!,
s10 ;+., .+0 ;!1, ... ;!, so+ ;+o, 1o.22 ;1!,
+19 ;!, +-1 ;!, .1. ;!+, s19 ;!., 2o.09 ;1-0,
+o0 ;+!, +o ;!!, +- ;!!, s1o ;!-, 11.08 ;!0!,
+o1 ;o!, + ;.o, +- ;o0, +81 ;o., -. ;!-0,
+s+ ;+-, +o. ;.+, +o ;+!, s18 ;.+, 2s.11 ;!!!,
+81 ;!+, +-- ;!-, .1 ;!!, s1+ ;!o, 22.2+ ;1.,
s09 ;+., .!. ;!., .!! ;!, s+1 ;+-, 1o.s1 ;!11,
+oo ;+!, +0 ;!, +-. ;!., s11 ;+!, 18.22 ;1,
s11 ;.+, .1! ;o., .!. ;.o, s+1 ;.1, 21.+1 ;!oo,
s21 ;!, .1- ;!1, .!+ ;!-, s11 ;!!, 8.+1 ;1o0,
+20 ;!!, +!1 ;!+, +.+ ;!., +1s ;+1, 22.o9 ;1-,
19+ ;!., +1! ;!, +!! ;!-, +s8 ;o!, 2o.1s ;!!!,
s11 ;+!, .!! ;+!, .!- ;+!, s+1 ;., 1o.02 ;!.+,
+82 ;+!, +- ;!, .1 ;!, s11 ;!-, 20.++ ;1-.,
++1 ;.-, +- ;+!, +- ;.-, s08 ;!, 22.00 ;!0,
++1 ;.!, +o0 ;.0, ++ ;.+, s0+ ;o!, 21.1+ ;!o1,
+s1 ;!, + ;!0, .0! ;!!, s29 ;!, 28.02 ;1.o,
+98 ;!1, .1! ;!, .!! ;!!, s18 ;!, 1s.22 ;1+,
+o9 ;+., +o ;+1, +-+ ;+, s1o ;o., 2+.+o ;!o+,
+9+ ;!-, .0- ;!, .! ;!+, so+ ;.0, 29.s+ ;!0+,
+o8 ;, +-o ;.-, .!! ;o, s18 ;, 28.os ;!+,
o1 2.2) o91 1.) 1u 2.1) 12 2.o) 19.11 1.21)
o u.) o91 u.) 1u u.9) 11 1.u) 1.21 u.o)
+00 ;++, !-+ ;!!, +0! ;+1, +0 ;.0, !! ;!1o,
++2 ;o0, +o! ;1, +o+ ;+, +12 ;o-, 11.so ;!-.,
+ss ;100, +0 ;10-, +! ;11., s22 ;10, 28.08 ;..!,
++1 ;o!, +.o ;+!, +o- ;+1, +90 ;+, 1o.18 ;1-!,
s0s ;!, .11 ;.o, .+. ;+!, s10 ;+o, 28.98 ;!1!,
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lclgiquc
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kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
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luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
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lccc:tio: cc kussic
l,sls
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Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
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lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
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Indice de communication sociaie avec ies parents et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
Indice de communication sociaie
1
e
quartiie 1
e

Variation du score sur

i`cheiie combine de

comprhension de i`crit

1

par unit de progression
Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
de iìndice de

communication sociaie
1
1 Voi: l`::cxc A1 ou: u:c cc|:itio: cc lì:cicc \x cst utilisc ou: ccsig:c: lcs ,s ou lus cc !. ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs ttcig:c:t l vlcu:
l lus clcvcc cc cct i:cicc ;1!0,
! Voi: l`::cxc A! ou: l v:itio: cxliqucc lcs :og:cssio:s cù:itcs c: c:ctc:cs g:s so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivcs lo:squc lcs qu:tilcs i:ic:icu:
ct suc:icu: so:t i:ciqucs c: g:s, lcu: ciiic:c:cc cst sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivc
0!1 ;00!, 1+- ;00!, 0o ;001, 01! ;001, 10. ;001,
0! ;001, 1! ;00!, 0o+ ;001, 00- ;001, 10! ;001,
01! ;00!, 1! ;00!, 0.+ ;000, 01o ;001, \x
0!0 ;001, 1!+ ;001, 0. ;000, 00. ;000, 11o ;000,
0! ;00!, 0-- ;00!, 00- ;001, 0-- ;00!, \x
0!0 ;00!, 0-! ;00!, 011 ;001, 0o! ;00!, \x
0!0 ;001, 110 ;001, 0.1 ;000, 00. ;001, 0o ;00!,
01o ;00!, 10! ;00!, 0!0 ;001, 0o ;00!, \x
0!+ ;00!, 1! ;001, 0. ;001, 00- ;001, 0-- ;001,
010 ;00!, 11! ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0.! ;00!, \x
0.+ ;00!, 0o- ;00!, 0+o ;00!, 1!0 ;000, \x
00- ;00!, 1!0 ;00!, 0.1 ;001, 01. ;001, \x
00. ;00!, 1!. ;00!, 0++ ;001, 0!0 ;00!, \x
0 ;00!, 0+! ;00!, 10- ;001, 1!0 ;000, \x
01- ;00!, 1+ ;00!, 0o. ;001, 01+ ;001, \x
01 ;00!, 1o1 ;00!, 0o. ;001, 0!+ ;00!, \x
01- ;00!, 1! ;00!, 0. ;001, 00! ;001, 11- ;000,
00. ;00!, 1+. ;00!, 0+ ;001, 0.+ ;00!, \x
0! ;00!, 1+ ;00!, 0o- ;001, 00- ;001, 11! ;001,
001 ;00!, 11 ;00!, 0!o ;001, 0!0 ;00!, \x
00+ ;00!, 1!o ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0.+ ;00!, \x
0! ;00!, 0-! ;00!, 00+ ;001, 1!0 ;000, \x
01- ;00!, 11! ;001, 01 ;001, 0o ;001, \x
00+ ;00!, 11+ ;001, 0+ ;001, 0! ;00!, \x
0!. ;00!, 1!. ;001, 0o0 ;001, 011 ;001, 0-. ;001,
001 ;00!, 1! ;00!, 0!o ;001, 0+o ;00!, \x
00o ;00!, 1++ ;00!, 0!o ;001, 0. ;00!, \x
u.u1 u.u1) -1.1u u.u1) -u.1o u.u1) u.1 u.u1) 1.1 u.uu)
u.uu u.uu) -1.2u u.uu) -u.1o u.uu) u.ou u.uu) 1.1 u.uu)
010 ;00!, 1.1 ;00!, 0!+ ;001, 10o ;001, \x
010 ;00!, 110 ;00!, 0!. ;001, 0. ;00!, \x
0!+ ;00., 1! ;00!, 00 ;00!, 01o ;00!, 0- ;00,
0+ ;00!, 0-0 ;00!, 0!- ;00!, 1!0 ;000, \x
0!- ;00!, 10 ;00+, 010 ;001, 11+ ;001, \x
s02 ;+o, .!o ;.0, .+. ;!-, s+s ;+, 11.+1 ;1-,
+91 ;++, .0+ ;!!, .!0 ;!+, s1+ ;!-, 10.98 ;1o.,
+92 ;.+, .1o ;!-, .!0 ;!, s11 ;!-, 10.+9 ;1--,
s1s ;!+, .!o ;!1, .+! ;!!, s+8 ;1, 11.80 ;0-+,
+81 ;!!, .0! ;!!, .0. ;!, s09 ;!1, 9.81 ;1+o,
+o9 ;++, .0. ;!o, .0 ;!0, s1o ;!!, 21.28 ;!!!,
s1s ;.1, ..1 ;!!, ..+ ;!+, s+9 ;!+, 1.+2 ;!!,
+8o ;+o, .11 ;!0, .1o ;!+, s11 ;!1, 12.+1 ;1-!,
+19 ;!, +- ;!, .0+ ;!!, +98 ;!., 1.9s ;11,
+s1 ;o, ++ ;.+, + ;+!, +80 ;., 9.o0 ;!1!,
+os ;.!, +- ;+, +-1 ;.., +88 ;+., 11.9o ;!!!,
+91 ;!+, .0- ;!!, .1o ;!!, s18 ;!!, 11.9o ;1.,
s1s ;+, .!o ;+!, .!. ;+0, s1o ;+1, 9.99 ;1,
+0 ;+o, + ;+, +-! ;!+, +-1 ;!+, 8.oo ;!o.,
+91 ;+, .!. ;.+, .!+ ;.1, s+o ;.0, 20.0s ;!!+,
+92 ;!+, .!+ ;!, .+0 ;!!, s+s ;!+, 18.2o ;1..,
+2+ ;+0, +.1 ;!o, +.- ;!+, ++o ;!1, 11.o+ ;!0!,
191 ;!, +!! ;!-, +!- ;+, ++0 ;+o, 1+.s+ ;1,
s11 ;+!, .!. ;!., .+. ;++, s+1 ;+!, 11.19 ;1-,
+80 ;++, .0- ;+1, .!o ;+0, s11 ;+!, 1o.+1 ;!!!,
+s1 ;o0, +- ;+., +-+ ;., +89 ;.!, 1+.1s ;!10,
++2 ;., +o ;.+, + ;+, +8s ;.1, 22.00 ;1o-,
+1s ;!, .00 ;!., +-- ;!+, s00 ;!1, 11.0s ;1!,
s0o ;!1, .!0 ;!., .!1 ;!!, s21 ;!o, s.+1 ;1!,
+11 ;o0, +- ;.1, .0 ;+, s0+ ;.0, 1+.o9 ;!!0,
s01 ;!o, .!- ;!+, .!! ;!., s18 ;!-, 11.10 ;1..,
+80 ;1, .1. ;o, .1o ;o, s1s ;+, 12.+1 ;!1o,
o 2.o) u 2.1) 1u 1.9) 12 2.o) 11.91 u.9)
o1 u.9) uo u.) 12 u.) 11 u.9) 1u.u1 u.1)
112 ;+1, +0! ;!-, +0. ;+, +11 ;!, 12.11 ;1.1,
+++ ;-0, +o+ ;o., +o! ;.!, +o1 ;o., -o! ;!+-,
+o2 ;111, + ;10., +-1 ;100, +9+ ;10+, 1++! ;1!,
+++ ;.+, +oo ;+, +1 ;+., +12 ;!o, 11.0+ ;1.,
+91 ;o!, .+ ;+!, .+. ;+1, s+o ;.0, 21.2s ;!o,
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kcu|liquc tc|cquc
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Indice de communication cuitureiie avec ies parents en iien avec des aspects de ia cuiture et perormance sur i`cheiie combine
de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
Indice de communication cuitureiie
1
e
quartiie 1
e

Variation du score sur

i`cheiie combine de

comprhension de i`crit

1

par unit de progression
Quartiie in. 2
e
quartiie 1
e
de iìndice de commu-

nication cuitureiie
1
01! ;00!, 1+ ;00!, 0!- ;001, 0! ;001, 10- ;00!,
01. ;00!, 1+! ;00!, 0!- ;001, 0!1 ;001, 101 ;001,
0!+ ;00!, 1o ;001, 0+- ;001, 01. ;001, 10! ;001,
00 ;001, 11 ;001, 01+ ;000, 0+! ;000, 1!1 ;001,
01. ;00!, 1!. ;00!, 0! ;001, 01- ;001, 0-. ;001,
011 ;00!, 1!! ;00!, 010 ;001, 0.. ;001, 1!1 ;001,
001 ;00!, 111 ;00!, 01 ;000, 0! ;001, 0-o ;001,
0! ;00!, 0-+ ;00!, 00 ;001, 0o. ;001, 1!0 ;001,
01+ ;00!, 1+! ;00!, 0!. ;001, 0!! ;001, 0- ;001,
01- ;00!, 0-! ;00!, 000 ;001, 0.! ;001, 11 ;001,
0!! ;00!, 0! ;00!, 01. ;001, 0o. ;001, 1!. ;001,
00 ;00!, 1!o ;00!, 01+ ;001, 0++ ;001, 1! ;00!,
00- ;00!, 1!. ;00!, 0!0 ;001, 0!+ ;001, 10. ;001,
0+1 ;00!, 0+ ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0+ ;000, 1+1 ;001,
00- ;00!, 1+ ;00!, 00 ;001, 0.o ;001, 1!+ ;00!,
0.- ;00!, !!0 ;000, 10 ;00!, 00. ;001, 0-- ;00!,
0!0 ;00!, 1.. ;00!, 0++ ;001, 01 ;001, 10! ;00!,
000 ;00!, 1!- ;00!, 0! ;001, 0!! ;001, 1!! ;001,
00 ;00!, 1!! ;00!, 01. ;001, 0++ ;001, 1!! ;00!,
0!! ;00!, 1.1 ;00!, 0+ ;001, 01! ;001, 0-- ;00!,
00! ;00!, 1!. ;00!, 0!+ ;001, 0!! ;001, 11. ;00!,
00! ;00!, 1!! ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0!o ;001, 11! ;001,
01 ;00!, 0- ;00!, 00! ;001, 0+- ;001, 11 ;001,
01+ ;00!, 1! ;00!, 0!o ;001, 01 ;001, 0-- ;001,
001 ;00!, 1!- ;00!, 0!+ ;001, 0!. ;001, 11+ ;00!,
00o ;00!, 110 ;00!, 01! ;000, 0!. ;001, 111 ;00!,
0!! ;00+, 1!! ;00!, 001 ;001, 0o. ;001, 1+ ;00!,
u.u u.u1) -1.29 u.u1) -u.1 u.uu) u.o u.uu) 1.2o u.u1)
u.uu u.uu) -1.29 u.u1) -u.21 u.uu) u.1 u.uu) 1.1 u.uu)
01 ;00!, 1!1 ;00!, 00- ;001, 0o! ;001, 1+ ;00!,
0!. ;00!, 101 ;00!, 00! ;001, 0o+ ;001, 1!o ;00!,
0!0 ;00., 1+! ;00, 0+o ;00!, 01+ ;00!, 0-o ;00.,
01- ;00!, 1!! ;00!, 00o ;001, 0o! ;001, 1+! ;001,
0!. ;00!, 1. ;00!, 0o1 ;001, 011 ;001, 0-. ;00!,
+88 ;+1, .1. ;+, .+! ;+1, s11 ;+, 10.8+ ;1,
+1+ ;!!, .0! ;!o, .!0 ;!, s1s ;!!, 2+.++ ;1!,
+90 ;+1, .0 ;!., .1+ ;+., s11 ;+!, 11.o1 ;1+1,
s01 ;1-, .! ;!0, .+! ;!0, so+ ;!1, 22.0o ;0,
+1+ ;!!, +-+ ;!!, .0 ;!-, s10 ;!-, 21.1o ;1.o,
+s9 ;!, + ;!!, .11 ;!o, s+0 ;!!, 11.11 ;1,
s1+ ;+, .++ ;!, .. ;!0, s11 ;!1, 2o.20 ;!+-,
+1+ ;++, .00 ;!!, .1- ;!!, s12 ;!!, 22.91 ;1--,
+o0 ;!!, +-! ;+!, .0+ ;!, s22 ;.!, 21.10 ;1!,
++8 ;.o, +o ;., + ;.1, +98 ;o!, 22.81 ;!+,
+s1 ;+., +0 ;+o, +- ;+!, +91 ;o1, 18.21 ;!oo,
+80 ;!!, .0. ;!!, .1o ;!!, s11 ;!., 19.1+ ;1,
s02 ;+!, .!! ;!, .!. ;+!, ss+ ;+1, 18.o8 ;1-,
+s9 ;!-, +o ;!, .0. ;+1, s01 ;+!, 18.8s ;1o,
+91 ;., .1- ;.!, .!- ;+, s+s ;+-, 18.+0 ;!0,
s09 ;!!, .!1 ;!!, .!- ;!, s++ ;!., 10.s2 ;11+,
+1+ ;!, +.0 ;!o, +.1 ;!!, +oo ;!o, 1o.90 ;1-,
19s ;!+, +1o ;+1, +!! ;+!, +s0 ;.1, 22.02 ;1-.,
s08 ;!, .!! ;+!, .+0 ;!, ss2 ;.!, 1o.91 ;!!1,
+o1 ;++, +-- ;+!, .1o ;!-, s+s ;+1, 29.o8 ;1o-,
+ss ;.1, +- ;.!, +-. ;+-, s01 ;o+, 1o.11 ;!!+,
+21 ;+-, +o! ;+, +o ;+!, s11 ;.1, 1+.91 ;1-,
+s+ ;!, + ;!o, .0 ;!0, s28 ;!, 11.19 ;1+,
+81 ;!, .1! ;!+, .! ;!, s+o ;!o, 21.91 ;1.0,
+s1 ;+-, +- ;++, .0 ;.0, s11 ;.., 21.s1 ;!0+,
+91 ;!, .!0 ;!!, .!1 ;!+, so1 ;+o, 28.2+ ;!0!,
+11 ;+, +-- ;o, .!o ;o, s29 ;, 20.oo ;1-o,
ou 2.2) o9 2.u) 1 2.u) 2o 2.) 19.o u.9)
o1 u.9) o9 u.) 11 u.) 1u u.9) 2u.u u.1)
111 ;!, !+ ;+1, +11 ;+1, +1s ;+, 19.81 ;1o+,
+11 ;+, ++ ;., +. ;., +19 ;0, 1o.18 ;!!,
+os ;10o, +1 ;10!, +. ;10-, s28 ;11, 21.o1 ;o1!,
++0 ;.o, +o1 ;++, +. ;++, +81 ;!-, 1+.10 ;1!0,
s00 ;++, .!. ;+!, .+1 ;++, so8 ;+!, 22.00 ;1,
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!1 ;0, +82 ;!, +91 ;+o, +91 ;+, .! ;0-, s11 ;!-, s20 ;!!, s2o ;!!,
!+! ;10, +o1 ;.!, +1+ ;.o, +s2 ;.-, +!0 ;0, s1o ;!!, s+1 ;!, s21 ;!+,
1+- ;0+, +9o ;!+, s02 ;!o, +91 ;!-, !.o ;0+, s11 ;1-, s29 ;1, s21 ;!0,
oo ;0., +21 ;1!!, +++ ;10, +o1 ;10-, -+ ;0, +92 ;!!, +9+ ;!, s09 ;!+,
!!- ;0-, ++1 ;+., +1o ;.!, +10 ;o+, !!o ;0-, +98 ;!, s11 ;!., +80 ;+0,
!10 ;0-, s29 ;!, s20 ;!!, s21 ;!+, +!! ;0-, ss1 ;!!, s+0 ;!-, s19 ;!+,
!!0 ;0-, +80 ;+0, +9s ;+!, +10 ;.0, !. ;0, s18 ;!-, s12 ;!+, s12 ;!-,
!00 ;0, +08 ;.., +20 ;.-, +12 ;o0, o01 ;0-, s01 ;!., s09 ;!, s0+ ;!0,
+!1 ;1!, ++o ;.., +1+ ;o0, +1o ;.o, !!. ;11, +90 ;+-, +o+ ;o!, +10 ;..,
1o ;11, +2+ ;., +2o ;., +1s ;-, o!1 ;11, +81 ;!o, +8o ;!o, +9o ;+0,
+o ;0, +9s ;!!, s02 ;!1, +8s ;!1, !0 ;0-, s1o ;!, s2s ;!, +99 ;+!,
+0 ;1!, s11 ;!., +8o ;!1, +91 ;!, !1 ;10, s1o ;!, s1o ;!, s22 ;+!,
+.. ;10, +o8 ;!, ++2 ;+1, +s1 ;+o, +0o ;0-, s0+ ;!!, +11 ;!, +91 ;+!,
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.!! ;10, +2+ ;!., +1+ ;!!, +29 ;!!, !1+ ;0-, +o1 ;!!, +10 ;+!, +o1 ;!,
!o ;1, +0+ ;!-, 111 ;!0, +01 ;!, 1+0 ;0, +19 ;.0, +1o ;oo, +o1 ;.,
1! ;0, +99 ;.0, s08 ;o., +91 ;o0, !. ;10, s19 ;!!, s+2 ;+!, s1s ;!,
1-1 ;0, +8s ;+., +82 ;o, +18 ;.., !-0 ;0-, s09 ;!0, s0+ ;!0, s0+ ;+!,
1 ;0., ++1 ;., +.+ ;-., +s2 ;-+, !o ;0-, +18 ;+1, +o ;.!, +81 ;.1,
!! ;1., +o0 ;+!, ++. ;!, +s0 ;!, 1!. ;0, +88 ;1, +o0 ;, +8+ ;+,
o!1 ;1., +18 ;!0, +o1 ;!!, +12 ;!+, !1! ;0, s1o ;!, s01 ;.!, s1o ;++,
1.- ;0, +90 ;!, +8o ;., +90 ;.+, !o ;0, s21 ;!o, s18 ;!, s1+ ;!o,
+!1 ;1!, +s8 ;+!, +91 ;+-, +so ;+., !-. ;10, s12 ;+0, so1 ;+, s12 ;.0,
1+ ;0, +90 ;.0, +91 ;., +9+ ;o!, ++1 ;11, s21 ;!, s1+ ;!1, s18 ;!!,
1!1 ;1-, ++9 ;o+, +12 ;!, ++o ;-o, .+! ;1+, s08 ;.1, +9o ;o0, s00 ;o1,
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! ;0o, +01 ;., +11 ;1!+, 19s ;-, ..- ;1+, +s1 ;.1, +o2 ;+!, +s8 ;.!,
.oo ;!, +o8 ;o!, s01 ;o, +o2 ;, !.- ;!+, s20 ;-, s+s ;11, s1+ ;10,
o! ;0+, +11 ;o!, ++s ;101, +11 ;-!, .o ;11, +o1 ;+1, +11 ;o0, +so ;+,
.+. ;1., s22 ;!o, sss ;+, s1s ;+., !o1 ;1!, ss1 ;o0, s8o ;.-, ss2 ;o,
!10 ;11, .o0 ;.0, .o. ;+o, ..+ ;.o, 1.o ;011,
1! ;0, .!- ;!-, ..1 ;.1, .+ ;+, 1.1 ;00-,
!! ;0-, .!. ;+., .+0 ;+o, .1. ;.+, 2.1 ;01.,
+-. ;0., ..! ;1, .+- ;1-, .+ ;1, 1.1 ;00o,
1+0 ;0, .+0 ;o!, ..! ;o, .o! ;o, 2.1 ;01,
++. ;11, .!1 ;!, .+0 ;!!, .1o ;!, 2.+ ;01+,
!o ;10, .o! ;!, ..! ;!+, .. ;++, 1.+ ;00,
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!00 ;0, .!+ ;!, .!. ;.0, .! ;.!, 1.0 ;0!!,
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1!- ;0, .1+ ;.!, +! ;.o, .11 ;.-, 1.o ;01!,
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1o! ;0, +. ;+-, + ;o-, +-0 ;o, 2.1 ;01+,
1!+ ;1!, ++ ;., +!o ;o, +o- ;0, 1.1 ;0.,
+.! ;10, ..! ;+0, .o+ ;!, ..! ;!, 1.o ;010,
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1! ;0-, .!. ;1, .!0 ;-!, .!0 ;, 1.+ ;01+,
1+! ;11, .!0 ;-, .01 ;, +-. ;o, 1.o ;01o,
1o. ;1!, .!. ;!!, .1 ;+, .+0 ;.0, 2.2 ;01o,
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rourcentage dìves et perormance sur ies cheiies combines de comprhension de i`crit, de cuiture mathmatique
et scientique, en onction du niveau de ormation de ia mre
Mre ayant compit ie niveau primaire et ie premier Mre ayant compit ie deuime cycie du secondaire
cycie du secondaire (niveau 1 et 2 de ia cI1Ij
1
(niveau 1 de ia cI1Ij
1
rerormance rerormance
Icheiie combine Icheiie de Icheiie de Icheiie combine Icheiie de Icheiie de
de comprhension cuiture cuiture de comprhension cuiture cuiture

de i`crit mathmatique scientique

dìves
2
Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. dìves
2
Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t.
Mre ayant compit ie niveau tertiaire (niveau s et o de ia cI1Ij
rrobabiiit accrue pour ies ives dont ia mre nà pas compit
rerormance
ie deuime cycie du secondaire de raiiser des perormances
Icheiie combine de Icheiie de cuiture Icheiie de cuiture se situant dans ie quartiie in. de ia rpartition nationaie

comprhension de i`crit mathmatique scientique seion ies perormances en comprhension de i`crit

s
dìves
2
Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Ratio Ir. t.
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rourcentage de ia popuiation aduite ayant compit ie niveau dènseignement tertiaire et probabiiit dòbtenir un dipime
de niveau tertiaire seion ie niveau dènseignement des parents
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rourcentage de ia popuiation ge de 1o os ans ayant compit compit ie niveau tertiaire par rapport au individus
ie niveau tertiaire, par niveau dènseignement dont ies parents nònt pas compit ie niveau secondaire,
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Au-dessous du 2
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!0o ;0-, +.1 ;, -+ ;0-, +o1 ;+-, 1! ;00-,
1!o ;1., +o ;1o., + ;1., +. ;++, 1+ ;0+0,
1-. ;0o, +o! ;+, 0. ;0o, +o! ;+1, 10 ;00o,
10! ;0, s01 ;+, - ;0, s1s ;!!, 1.s ;01,
1 Voi: l`::cxc A1 ou: u:c cc|:itio: cc l st:uctu:c iuililc lcs uo,c::cs so:t c: c:ctc:cs g:s lo:squc l ciiic:c:cc su: l`cc|cllc cou|i:cc cc
cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it cst sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivc c:t:c lcs iuillc uo:o:c:tlcs ct lcs ut:cs t,cs cc st:uctu:c iuililc
! lcs :tios sig:i|ctivcuc:t suc:icu:s 1 so:t c: c:ctc:cs g:s
I|lcu o-
structure amiiiaie des ives et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, seion ia structure amiiiaie

rrobabiiit accrue pour ies ives issus de amiiies monoparentaies
Iamiiies monoparentaies
1
Autres types de structure amiiiaie
1

de raiiser des perorm. se situant dans ie quartiie in. de ia rparti-

tion nationaie seion ies perormances en comprhension de i`crit
2
dìves Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. dìves Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Ratio Ir. t.
r
A
Y
s

M
I
M
B
R
I
s
D
I

I
`
G
c
D
I
r
A
Y
s
N
G
N
-
M
I
M
B
R
I
s
D
I

I
`
G
c
D
I
A::lXl l1
!1!
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
o:
o:cc
!
luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
l,sls
+
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
o:
o:cc
!
luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
l,sls
+
+ ;1, .!! ;!o, .!o ;!o, .!1 ;!., 10 ;11, .! ;1, .!. ;!, .!! ;-0,
-0+ ;0-, s1s ;!+, s21 ;!o, s28 ;!., ! ;0+, +s1 ;-+, +o2 ;1!-, ++1 ;1!o,
0 ;11, s22 ;!, s1o ;+0, s11 ;+o, o ;0-, +11 ;, +18 ;10!, +01 ;-0,
-. ;10, .! ;1., .!o ;1+, s1s ;1o, 10 ;0., .!- ;!1, .!0 ;!o, s21 ;+1,
-- ;0!, .01 ;!1, .0+ ;!, .1 ;!+, 0o ;01, c c c c c c
-! ;0o, s0+ ;!!, s20 ;!!, +88 ;!, !+ ;0+, +09 ;1!-, ++8 ;1.-, 19s ;1+,
- ;0!, .+ ;!o, .! ;!1, .!- ;!., 0! ;01, c c c c c c
0 ;0-, s12 ;!, s21 ;!, s10 ;!!, - ;0, +11 ;o!, +81 ;0, +s1 ;+,
+ ;0, s01 ;!!, s10 ;!., s01 ;!., .1 ;0., +12 ;-0, +11 ;, +21 ;1!0,
-.! ;0-, + ;+, +.! ;.o, +o+ ;+, 0. ;01, c c c c c c
-! ;0!, +! ;+0, +- ;+0, +- ;+!, 01 ;00, c c c c
--! ;0!, .0- ;1., .1o ;!!, +- ;!!, 0! ;01, c c c c c c
- ;0!, .! ;!!, .0! ;!, .1+ ;!!, 0- ;0!, .1- ;!0!, c c c c
--1 ;0!, +- ;!-, +.- ;!-, +- ;!-, 0! ;01, c c c c c c
--- ;01, .!. ;.1, ..- ;.., ..! ;.., 00 ;00, c c c c c c

o. ;0, +1+ ;1, +12 ;!!, +11 ;!., 1 ;0, 199 ;+o, +22 ;.+, +01 ;.!,
-o+ ;0+, +21 ;!!, !-1 ;!+, +2s ;!!, 11 ;0!, 118 ;1.!, c c 180 ;1+.,
0+ ;11, s18 ;!, s+1 ;!!, s1o ;!+, o+ ;0., s01 ;10!, s01 ;1!0, s0o ;11!,
-.+ ;0+, s10 ;!, .0! ;!, s0o ;!, 1. ;0!, +o+ ;10o, +1 ;1.-, +11 ;1!0,
-- ;01, +! ;++, ++ ;.1, +. ;.1, 00 ;00, c c c c c c
-o- ;0!, +! ;+., +.o ;+0, +o1 ;+1, 1 ;0!, +o! ;1+!, +!+ ;!0!, +! ;1+1,
-0 ;0+, +9+ ;!o, + ;!0, +-! ;!-, 0o ;01, +s0 ;1.-, c c c c
-. ;0-, s21 ;!1, s11 ;!!, s18 ;!o, + ;0o, +8s ;!, +oo ;-0, +8o ;10,
-! ;0-, s1+ ;+0, s+8 ;+!, s1+ ;++, -! ;0o, +o0 ;o, +89 ;, +s+ ;.,
-0+ ;1!, .! ;!o, s1+ ;!., .! ;!, 0 ;0-, .10 ;-+, s0s ;111, .1- ;10!,
o+ ;!1, .11 ;o., .00 ;!, .0o ;o, + ;1+, + ;1-+, +o ;!0!, +o! ;!!o,
91.1 u.o) u1 1.9) uu 2.u) u 1.9) o.o u.o) o9 9.1) oo 1u.u) oo 11.1)
91.u u.2) uo u.o) uo u.) uo u.) o.1 u.1) oo 2.) oo 2.9) oo2 1.o)
--o ;01, !- ;!0, !! ;!, ! ;!!, 0! ;01, c c c c c c
- ;!+, +o2 ;o0, +oo ;.+, +oo ;o0, 1. ;0!, +21 ;1.1, c c +!! ;!0-,
-+ ;!1, s00 ;.0, .! ;-, +-! ;+, 10! ;1, ++o ;1+, c c c c
-.+ ;0o, +o! ;+!, +0 ;.o, +o1 ;+-, 1 ;0!, +.! ;--, +! ;11, +.! ;1!,
1 ;1, s+2 ;!0, s1s ;!!, s+1 ;!, + ;1!, +10 ;1+!, +9+ ;1o0, ++1 ;1+,
11- ;1!, .1! ;-!, .!o ;-., .1+ ;10.,
.- ;0o, +!! ;!, +!- ;--, +!+ ;-,
!+ ;0+, +!1 ;-., +!! ;111, +1- ;10,
- ;0o, .11 ;+-, .!! ;.1, .0! ;.+,
0. ;01, c c c c c c
! ;0+, +!! ;o, ++ ;-1, +1! ;11o,
10 ;0!, +o ;1!-, c c +.- ;10,
!! ;0!, +!+ ;11., ++1 ;1!-, +0 ;1o,
101 ;0o, +1- ;., +!! ;-, +10 ;-,
+! ;0-, +0! ;1., !.1 ;1., !o ;1.,
1o ;0!, +o ;11o, +-1 ;1!, +! ;1+,
0o ;01, c c c c c c
1+ ;0!, .! ;-!, c c .! ;1+-,
0 ;0!, ++. ;1.1, c c c c
01 ;01, c c c c c c

1o+ ;0o, !0 ;+, !. ;., !+ ;o.,
!. ;0!, !!- ;!, !0- ;1!-, !.. ;110,
1!! ;0, .0 ;o, .! ;+, .10 ;-,
!1 ;0!, ++- ;., +!o ;1!+, ++! ;-o,
0! ;01, c c c c c c
1+ ;0!, +.0 ;1., c c +!0 ;1o1,
1+ ;0!, +o0 ;1, +.- ;!.0, +!+ ;!!o,
.- ;0o, +.0 ;!, ++o ;1!1, +!- ;-1,
11+ ;0, +0! ;o1, ++! ;1, +0 ;oo,
!o ;0+, +.o ;1.1, +! ;10, +. ;1o.,
o1 ;0-, +oo ;100, +.1 ;10, +! ;1+!,
o.1 u.1) o2 o.9) ou .o) o1 o.)
o. u.1) ooo 2.) oo 1.u) ooo 1.u)
01 ;01, c c c c c c
!0o ;!+, +.+ ;!, +o+ ;!, +.1 ;+,
10+ ;1o, !-! ;!1+, c c c c
! ;0+, +. ;-o, +o1 ;1.!, +o ;1!,
+. ;0, +.! ;1.o, +0 ;1--, +! ;1.+,
1 lcs uo,c::cs so:t c: c:ctc:cs g:s lo:squc l ciiic:c:cc cst sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivc c:t:c lcs
clcvcs utoc|to:cs ct ccux cc :cuic:c gc:c:tio:
! lou:cc:tgc ccs clcvcs ,:t :ticic l`cvlutio: cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it
! cttc qucstio: :` s ctc oscc c: o:cc
I|lcu o10
rourcentage dìves et perormance sur ies cheiies combines de comprhension de i`crit, de cuiture mathmatique
et scientique, en onction de ia nationaiit des ives et de ceiie de ieurs parents
Iives autochtones ;clcvcs :cs c:s lc ,s cc l`cvlutio: Iives de 1
re
gnration ;clcvcs :cs c:s lc ,s cc l`cvlutio:
co:t u uoi:s u: ccs :c:ts cst :c c:s lc uùc ,s, uis co:t lcs :c:ts so:t :cs l`ct::gc:,


dìves
2
2
Iives aiiochtones ;clcvcs :cs l`ct::gc: co:t lcs :c:ts so:t cglcuc:t
:cs l`ct::gc:,
rerormance
Icheiie combine Icheiie de cuiture Icheiie de cuiture
de comprhension mathmatique scientique

dìves
2
r
A
Y
s

M
I
M
B
R
I
s
D
I

I
`
G
c
D
I
r
A
Y
s
N
G
N
-
M
I
M
B
R
I
s
D
I

I
`
G
c
D
I
r
A
Y
s

M
I
M
B
R
I
s
D
I

I
`
G
c
D
I
r
A
Y
s
N
G
N
-
M
I
M
B
R
I
s
D
I

I
`
G
c
D
I
A::lXl l1
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Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
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lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
o:
o:cc
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luxcu|ou:g
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lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
l,sls
+
10 ;1o, s0+ ;o, .!! ;o, +9o ;-+, !0 ;1o, s1+ ;!o, .! ;!o, s1+ ;!!,
o ;0, +1+ ;!, ++1 ;-!, +19 ;-, -!! ;0, s1s ;!+, s21 ;!., s21 ;!+,
+- ;0o, +01 ;o, +20 ;10o, 181 ;-+, -.! ;0o, s18 ;!, s11 ;!-, s01 ;+.,
-+ ;0o, s0o ;!, s22 ;+!, +98 ;+., -0o ;0o, s+0 ;1., s1o ;1+, s1+ ;1o,
0 ;0!, c c c c c c --! ;0!, +-+ ;!!, +-- ;!, .1! ;!+,
o ;0+, +2s ;1, ++o ;, +0s ;11., -!! ;0+, s01 ;!!, s20 ;!+, +88 ;!,
1! ;0!, +0 ;1!., +o- ;1-!, +! ;1-1, - ;0!, .+ ;!o, .! ;!1, .!- ;!+,
+0 ;0., ++2 ;, +o1 ;, +11 ;-, -o0 ;0., s10 ;!o, s21 ;!, s0o ;!1,
- ;0, 18o ;1!-, 19s ;11+, 190 ;10!, -!1 ;0, s00 ;!-, s0s ;!o, s0+ ;!o,
! ;0o, +01 ;1!, 111 ;1+, 119 ;!0, -! ;0o, +11 ;+, +s1 ;.o, +o+ ;+o,
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
1- ;0!, +o1 ;1!+, c c +1 ;!1., -1 ;0!, s09 ;1., .1o ;!!, +- ;!!,
0- ;0!, c c c c c c --1 ;0!, .! ;!!, .0! ;!, .1+ ;!1,
0 ;0!, c c c c c c --! ;0!, +-1 ;!0, +o0 ;!1, +1 ;!1,
0! ;01, c c c c c c -- ;01, .!. ;.!, ..- ;.., ..! ;..,

1! ;0, 1o1 ;+1, 189 ;.o, 111 ;.!, 1 ;0, +o0 ;1o, +o2 ;!!, +s9 ;!+,
0! ;01, c c c c c c -- ;01, +!! ;!+, ! ;!+, +!! ;!!,
-o ;0o, +o9 ;-o, s11 ;10!, +1+ ;-o, -0+ ;0o, s+1 ;!o, s+s ;!!, s+0 ;!+,
.! ;0+, +s9 ;+, +so ;111, ++9 ;-+, -+ ;0+, s10 ;!, s0+ ;!-, s0o ;!-,
0. ;0!, c c c c c c --. ;0!, +! ;++, ++ ;.1, +o ;.!,
1. ;0!, +1o ;1!, +!+ ;!11, 18s ;1.+, -. ;0!, +11 ;+o, +.. ;+0, +o1 ;+0,
1! ;0!, +so ;1o0, +! ;!.., ++2 ;!!!, - ;0!, +9s ;!o, + ;!0, +91 ;!,
o ;0o, +so ;1, ++8 ;10-, +s0 ;-!, -!! ;0o, s21 ;!0, s11 ;!!, s19 ;!.,
1!o ;0o, +1+ ;o1, +ss ;!, +19 ;o+, o+ ;0o, s09 ;+1, s+1 ;+!, s08 ;+.,
+1 ;0, +10 ;1!, +1o ;1+1, +81 ;1o+, -.- ;0, s28 ;!., s1+ ;!., s1o ;!o,
10 ;!+, +18 ;1!1, +10 ;11!, ++0 ;1o0, -! ;!+, s1+ ;., s01 ;o, s09 ;o!,
. u.) oo1 .2) oo1 .) oo1 9.o) 9o. u.) u1 1.) uu 1.9) u 1.)
. u.2) oou 2.o) oo 1.u) o1 2.) 9o. u.2) uo u.o) u1 u.) uo u.)
0 ;0!, c c c c c c --! ;0!, !- ;!0, !!. ;!, !o ;!!,
00 ;00, 1000 ;00, +o0 ;.!, +o+ ;++, +o! ;..,
!0 ;!!, ++1 ;1+!, +-0 ;1o, +12 ;1o, -! ;!!, +9+ ;.1, .!0 ;!, +88 ;+,
! ;!1, +12 ;-!, +o. ;1+-, +11 ;10!, -! ;!1, +os ;+!, +0 ;., +o2 ;.1,
o! ;11, +oo ;1!1, +9o ;1+-, +s1 ;1!-, -! ;11, s19 ;!, s11 ;!0, s18 ;!!,
1 lcs :csultts uo,c:s c: g:s i:ciquc:t quc l ciiic:c:cc c:t:c lcs clcvcs qui :lc:t ct :c
:lc:t s l l:guc cu tcst l uiso: :`cst s sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivc
! lou:cc:tgc ccs clcvcs ,:t :ticic l`cvlutio: cc cou:c|c:sio: cc l`cc:it
! cttc qucstio: :` s ctc oscc c: o:cc
I|lcu o11
rerormance des ives sur ies cheiies combines de comprhension de i`crit, de cuiture mathmatique et scientique, en onction de ia iangue parie ia maison
Ia iangue parie ie pius souvent ia maison Is1 DIIIIRIN1I de Ia iangue parie ie pius souvent ia maison Is1 IA MMI que
ia iangue de i`vaiuation, des autres iangues ocieiies du pays ia iangue de i`vaiuation, ou quùne autre iangue ocieiie du pays
ou des autres diaiectes iocau ou quùn autre diaiecte iocai


dìves
2
2
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
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kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
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l:l:cc
ltlic
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luxcu|ou:g
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:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
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ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
l,sls
+
1.o ;01!,
2.1 ;01,
2.8 ;0!!,
1.o ;00,
c c
2.s ;01,
c c
2.1 ;0!1,
2.9 ;0!-,
2.1 ;0+1,
u u
c c
c c
c c
c c

2.8 ;01!,
c c
2.1 ;01.,
1.8 ;01.,
c c
c c
c c
2.1 ;01-,
2.8 ;01.,
1.9 ;0!+,
2.1 ;0!!,
2.u u.12)
2.1 u.u)
c c

c c
1.s ;0!!,
2.2 ;0!-,
rrobabiiit accrue pour ies ives qui ne parient pas ia ian-
gue de i`vaiuation ia maison de raiiser des perormances
se situant dans ie quartiie in. de ia rpartition nationaie
seion ies perormances en comprhension de i`crit
s
Ratio Ir. t.
r
A
Y
s

M
I
M
B
R
I
s
D
I

I
`
G
c
D
I
r
A
Y
s
N
G
N
-
M
I
M
B
R
I
s
D
I

I
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G
c
D
I
r
A
Y
s

M
I
M
B
R
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D
I

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G
c
D
I
r
A
Y
s
N
G
N
-
M
I
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B
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s
D
I

I
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G
c
D
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A::lXl l1
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Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
o:
o:cc
luxcu|ou:g
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:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
l,sls
!
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
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kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
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lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
o:
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luxcu|ou:g
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ko,uucD:i
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moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
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I|lcu 1
Indice de soutien des enseignants et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
k.o!o /o. o. !. ..c. 1. .!..
Indice de soutien des enseignants
1
1ous ies ives Quartiie in. Moiti mdiane Quartiie sup.
moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t.
nationau de iìndice de soutien des enseignants
1

Quartiie in. Moiti mdiane Quartiie sup.
Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Variation Ir. t.
0+1 ;00!, 00 ;00!, 0+1 ;001, 0 ;00!,
0!. ;00!, 0. ;00+, 0!+ ;00!, 0!! ;00!,
0! ;00!, 0o ;00!, 0!- ;001, 011 ;00!,
0!1 ;001, 00 ;00!, 0!1 ;001, 0o- ;001,
0.0 ;00!, 0 ;00!, 0+- ;001, 01! ;00!,
01 ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 01 ;001, 0.+ ;00!,
00! ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 00+ ;001, 0!o ;00!,
0!0 ;00!, 0o! ;00!, 01 ;001, 01 ;00!,
0!+ ;00!, 0 ;00!, 0!+ ;001, 011 ;00!,
01+ ;00!, 0!+ ;00!, 01o ;001, 0+ ;00!,
00. ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 00o ;001, 0+! ;00+,
01! ;001, 0! ;00!, 01! ;00!, 0.. ;00!,
01! ;00!, 0! ;00!, 01! ;00!, 0.! ;00!,
0! ;00!, 0o. ;00!, 0!- ;001, 01! ;00!,
01 ;00+, 0! ;00., 01. ;00!, 0!+ ;00+,
0o ;00!, 10! ;00!, 0o ;001, 0!1 ;00!,
0!+ ;00!, 0o+ ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 00! ;00+,
00 ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 00 ;001, 0+. ;00!,
0!+ ;00!, 000 ;00!, 0!+ ;00!, 0o ;00!,
00! ;00!, 0+! ;00+, 001 ;001, 0!+ ;00!,
0!- ;00!, 0! ;00!, 0!- ;001, 00+ ;00+,
0+ ;00!, 01! ;00!, 0+ ;001, 0- ;00!,
00- ;00!, 0! ;00!, 00- ;00!, 0. ;00!,
0!1 ;00!, 01! ;00!, 0!! ;001, 0.! ;00!,
001 ;00!, 0+ ;00!, 00! ;001, 0+o ;00!,
0.0 ;00!, 01+ ;00!, 0.! ;001, 0! ;001,
0!+ ;00+, 01! ;00., 0!o ;00!, 01 ;00+,
u.u2 u.u1) -u.o1 u.u2) u.uo u.u1) u.oo u.u2)
u.uu u.u1) -u.ou u.u1) u.u1 u.u1) u.19 u.u1)
0! ;00!, 00 ;00+, 0! ;00!, 01 ;00!,
0!0 ;00!, 0.! ;00!, 0!! ;001, 01o ;00!,
00- ;00., 0!! ;00-, 00 ;00o, 0+ ;010,
01o ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 01o ;001, 0.1 ;00!,
0!1 ;00!, 0.! ;00+, 01- ;001, 00 ;00!,
.!+ ;1, .!! ;.0, .!- ;-, ! ;!!+,
.! ;-1, +- ;.!, .10 ;-1, 0o! ;!!+,
s2o ;, .1+ ;.-, +8s ;1+0, -+.81 ;!!,
.!o ;!!, .!o ;!., .!+ ;!+, ++! ;0-,
.1+ ;1, +- ;+-, +-+ ;o., 0 ;!!!,
+90 ;o+, .00 ;!0, s01 ;+1, 11.os ;!!+,
.+! ;.0, ..1 ;!, .+! ;0, s.+8 ;!0!,
s2+ ;!, .01 ;., +99 ;-+, !.! ;1,
s12 ;!, .00 ;.1, ++1 ;-o, -12.ss ;!1!,
+oo ;1!., +- ;-!, +.- ;-0, !!0 ;!+!,
+90 ;11!, +-1 ;o, +s1 ;1!-, !+! ;!o,
.0 ;!0, .0o ;!0, .1+ ;!, 8.81 ;1-!,
.!0 ;o1, .!0 ;.1, .!1 ;o-, 01! ;1-0,
s21 ;1, +-! ;o0, +++ ;o, -11.+o ;!!1,
.1 ;1!!, .!! ;!, .! ;., o.21 ;!!,
.1o ;o!, .!o ;+-, .!! ;o, s.so ;1o1,
+91 ;!+, +!o ;!!, +10 ;!-, -s.11 ;1+,
+!. ;101, +!! ;o!, +10 ;., !o0 ;!!-,
.!+ ;o., .!+ ;+1, .!0 ;!, s.2o ;!+.,
.0! ;.1, .11 ;+!, .0+ ;o0, 1+.9s ;!!o,
+++ ;1!., +-! ;, +99 ;1!1, 9.20 ;!-o,
+! ;1!., +o- ;o!, +o! ;--, 1!! ;!,
+ ;o0, +- ;+0, +-+ ;o+, !.! ;1-,
.1o ;.0, .1+ ;!., .!+ ;!-, o.20 ;1!,
s+o ;-!, +- ;., +s8 ;o, -11.+0 ;!!+,
.!! ;oo, .!. ;o+, .!- ;o, o.oo ;1+.,
.0! ;1!, .0 ;!, .0 ;1!!, o.81 ;!o1,
u1 1.) u2 2.) o9o o.o) 2.9o u.9u)
u 1.) u1 1.1) o9 2.u) 2.2 u.o)
!-0 ;1, !-+ ;+, +10 ;oo, +.o0 ;1-,
+.o ;11-, +.1 ;o0, +1 ;-, 1s.so ;!+!,
s8+ ;!, +0 ;+, +08 ;10!, -1+.19 ;.1-,
+o. ;., +o! ;!, +o! ;0, o+0 ;1+1,
so1 ;11., .! ;!, s10 ;1!!, ..+ ;!..,
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de comprhension de i`crit par unit de iìndice
de soutien des enseignants
1
A::lXl l1
!1o
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
o:
o:cc
luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
l,sls
!
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
o:
o:cc
luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
l,sls
!
I|lcu !
Indice des acteurs troubiant ie ciimat de i`tabiissement imputabies au ives et rsuitats sur i`cheiie combine
de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
k.o!o /o. o. !. 1..!o.o.c 1. .|. 1.o/!... . .oc.. . .cc..c 1o c/.. 1.!.. o. 1. : o .... 1o !.o/!...
Indice des acteurs troubiant ie ciimat de i`tabiissement imputabies au ives
1
nationau de iìndice des acteurs troubiant ie ciimat de i`tabiissement
imputabies au ives
1

1 Voi: l`::cxc A1 ou: u:c cc|:itio: cc lì:cicc Lècnelle o ete :nversee ponr qne les volenrs pos:t:ves et elevees representent nn cl:mot jovoroIle
Jons lètoIl:ssement lèqorJ Jes joctenrs :mpntoIles onx elves.
00o ;00o, 11! ;00., 001 ;00+, 1!! ;00-,
01o ;00o, 11o ;00., 01+ ;00!, 00 ;00o,
0!o ;00, 1!! ;010, 0!0 ;00+, 1. ;00,
0! ;00!, 1!+ ;00+, 0!0 ;00!, 0 ;00+,
0.o ;00o, 0. ;00o, 0.1 ;00+, 1o ;00o,
0! ;00o, 0!+ ;00, 00 ;00+, 1. ;00,
0+! ;00., 110 ;00+, 0+o ;00!, 0!. ;00,
u u u u u u u u
010 ;00., 10+ ;00, 011 ;00!, 0. ;00,
10. ;010, !+. ;00, 1!! ;00, 0o. ;011,
01. ;00-, 1+. ;00, 0!! ;00o, 1.! ;00,
0!! ;000, 10o ;000, 0!1 ;000, 0 ;001,
0!! ;00o, 1!! ;00o, 0!! ;00+, 0! ;00,
01 ;00, 10o ;00, 01! ;00+, 1+ ;00,
0o- ;00-, 0o1 ;00, 0! ;00o, 1 ;00,
0-! ;00, 0o1 ;01!, 0- ;00., !! ;00,
0+1 ;000, 1! ;000, 0+! ;000, 0!. ;000,
00. ;00-, 1o! ;01+, 00o ;00+, 1! ;00.,
01- ;00., 11o ;00, 01o ;00!, 0! ;00o,
0!1 ;00., 11! ;00, 0!! ;00!, 01 ;00o,
00! ;011, 1! ;00, 00! ;00o, 1!o ;011,
0!! ;00, 1!. ;00, 0!- ;00+, 0- ;00-,
000 ;00, 1!! ;00-, 001 ;00+, 1!0 ;00,
00. ;00o, 0- ;00., 00 ;00!, 0! ;00,
001 ;00o, 101 ;00o, 00o ;00!, 10 ;00o,
00+ ;00., 101 ;00., 00 ;00!, 1!0 ;00-,
0!! ;00, 11- ;00, 0!1 ;00., 0o. ;00.,
u.u9 u.u2) -1.u9 u.u1) u.u9 u.u2) 1.22 u.uo)
u.uu u.u1) -1.11 u.u2) -u.u2 u.u1) 1.11 u.u2)
0!. ;00, 1! ;011, 0! ;00+, 11+ ;00,
000 ;00, 101 ;00o, 00+ ;00+, 10. ;01+,
u u u u u u u u
0-o ;00, !+o ;00-, 101 ;00o, 0o0 ;011,
011 ;00, 11- ;00-, 00 ;00+, 0 ;00o,
s01 ;1, .!+ ;!, so2 ;+, 21.1s ;!0,
+88 ;-1, .1! ;.-, s11 ;., 1o.11 ;.o,
++1 ;11., .1 ;.o, ss+ ;-., 11.91 ;+0!,
s19 ;!, .!- ;!0, s+1 ;!!, 12.+1 ;1-,
+s8 ;10+, +-. ;+-, s19 ;, 11.01 ;++,
+80 ;o-, +-- ;+0, s0s ;.!, 1+.+8 ;+0,
.+. ;+1, .++ ;+!, ..+ ;.1, +!0 ;!o,
u u u u u u u u
+12 ;111, .0o ;0, s19 ;., s0.1+ ;0-,
++ ;1+1, +! ;1, + ;1!!, 1+- ;+-,
+29 ;, +0 ;!, s21 ;o, 29.+1 ;!0,
s02 ;!1, .0. ;!1, s11 ;!!, 8.29 ;1-!,
s02 ;!, .! ;!, s+8 ;o!, 21.81 ;!-!,
++s ;1!0, +- ;.., s2o ;!, 11.98 ;+-!,
+11 ;111, .!! ;o., ss1 ;-, 1+.1+ ;+.,
+89 ;1, .!1 ;!-, s+1 ;!, 19.ss ;!.-,
+s1 ;!., +1- ;!o, +81 ;!-, 11.++ ;!0-,
+0 ;-1, +!0 ;o, +!! ;-., +!1 ;+00,
s0+ ;o., .!o ;+o, s+o ;.-, 2o.11 ;+0!,
.0! ;.o, .0. ;++, .0- ;.!, .!. ;!+.,
+21 ;1!!, +1 ;-+, s10 ;., 18.90 ;o.!,
+s1 ;-., +! ;o!, +8+ ;110, 11.28 ;..0,
+11 ;., +-0 ;+1, s19 ;.-, 18.1s ;!.!,
+98 ;., .!0 ;!!, s2o ;+-, 1s.10 ;!+,
+o1 ;!, .0! ;0, s08 ;1, 19.0s ;.1.,
+81 ;.-, .!1 ;!, so1 ;o, 1o.o9 ;!1!,
+- ;1!1, .0. ;, .!0 ;100, 1.-! ;-!!,
ooo 1.9) u1 2.2) 22 1.2) 21.9 1.)
o1 1.) u2 1.u) 22 1.) 2u.11 u.)
181 ;o!, !- ;.+, +22 ;o!, 12.21 ;!0,
+.! ;10., +.0 ;o!, ++ ;1+o, -.! ;--,
u u u u u u u u
+.0 ;o, +o! ;o., +1 ;+, 1.81 ;!!0,
+s8 ;1!!, .+. ;1, s12 ;o, s2.09 ;o!+,
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des acteurs troubiant ie ciimat de i`tabiissement
imputabies au ives
1
A::lXl l1
!1
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
o:
o:cc
luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
l,sls
!
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
o:
o:cc
luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
l,sls
!
I|lcu !
Indice du ciimat de discipiine et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
k.o!o /o. o. !. ..c. 1. .!..
Indice du ciimat de discipiine
1
rerormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiie
nationai de iìndice du ciimat de discipiine
1

00- ;00!, 0.1 ;00!, 010 ;00!, 0!! ;00!,
01- ;00+, 0! ;00!, 01 ;00!, 0o ;00+,
01! ;00!, 0. ;00!, 01! ;001, 0!! ;00!,
01+ ;001, 0.! ;001, 01. ;001, 0! ;001,
01+ ;00!, 0+! ;00+, 011 ;00!, 0 ;00!,
0!0 ;00!, 0. ;00!, 0!0 ;001, 01 ;00!,
01o ;00!, 0.. ;00!, 01 ;001, 0! ;00+,
00. ;00!, 0+- ;00!, 00 ;001, 0+! ;00!,
010 ;00!, 0!- ;00+, 010 ;00!, 0.. ;00!,
0+! ;00!, 0 ;00!, 0+! ;00!, 00o ;00!,
0!! ;00+, 0! ;00., 0!! ;00!, 00 ;00!,
00 ;001, 0o! ;00!, 00 ;00!, 0++ ;00!,
00- ;00!, 0! ;00!, 00 ;00!, 0.+ ;00+,
0!+ ;00!, 0+ ;00!, 0!. ;00!, 0! ;00!,
0+- ;00., 0!! ;00., 0.1 ;00!, 11+ ;00.,
0!0 ;00!, 0!o ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 0o! ;00+,
01! ;00!, 010 ;00+, 00- ;00!, 0! ;00+,
01 ;00!, 0!+ ;00!, 01. ;001, 0o1 ;00!,
01. ;00!, 0+ ;00!, 01o ;00!, 0!1 ;00!,
0!o ;00!, 0! ;00!, 0! ;001, 00! ;00!,
0! ;00+, 0!+ ;00+, 0!- ;00!, 0-1 ;00+,
00. ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 00. ;001, 0!0 ;00!,
01 ;00!, 0o. ;00+, 01o ;001, 0! ;00!,
01- ;00!, 0. ;00!, 01- ;001, 01 ;00!,
0!0 ;00!, 0!! ;00!, 0!0 ;00!, 0! ;00!,
00! ;00!, 0++ ;00!, 001 ;00!, 0+- ;00+,
00! ;00!, 0+0 ;00!, 001 ;001, 0+ ;00+,
u.u9 u.u1) -u.ou u.u1) u.u u.u1) u. u.u2)
u.uu u.u1) -u.o u.u1) -u.u1 u.u1) u.o u.u1)
0!+ ;00!, 0! ;00!, 0!. ;001, 00o ;00+,
0! ;00!, 00 ;00+, 0+0 ;001, 0- ;00!,
0!. ;00., 00. ;010, 0!o ;00, 0.! ;00o,
0+. ;00!, 001 ;00!, 0+! ;00!, 0-! ;00!,
0!! ;00!, 0! ;00., 0!1 ;00!, 00! ;00!,
s0o ;.!, .! ;.., ss1 ;-, 1o.o9 ;!!o,
+81 ;!, .1! ;.!, s2+ ;!, +.98 ;1--,
.11 ;-!, .0+ ;1, .!1 ;1+-, !1. ;!+,
s22 ;!-, .!o ;!0, s+1 ;!, 11.28 ;0-.,
+o8 ;o0, .0o ;+o, s21 ;o, 12.11 ;1,
+81 ;.+, .01 ;+0, s10 ;.1, 9.11 ;!+1,
.+. ;+-, .+. ;!, ..+ ;+., 9.so ;1o,
.0 ;+, +- ;.., .!! ;10!, 1.! ;1!,
+o1 ;o, +-o ;.-, s1s ;0, 10.11 ;1o+,
+o1 ;11+, +0 ;+, s00 ;111, !-o ;!+,
+12 ;-, +! ;., s2s ;0, 1o.0s ;!o!,
+91 ;!!, .1! ;!!, s1s ;!, 8.90 ;10,
s09 ;!, .!! ;+, s11 ;oo, 1s.+1 ;1o,
++2 ;--, +-! ;.!, s21 ;, 1+.11 ;!1!,
+1s ;10., .! ;o1, so1 ;.-, 11.1s ;!-,
s01 ;!, .!. ;+1, s+8 ;.o, o.88 ;1+1,
+. ;+0, +!o ;!0, ++- ;!+, !+1 ;1!,
+!. ;-1, +1 ;oo, +!- ;-0, !0! ;!-,
s11 ;1, .!! ;!o, s+1 ;-, 12.+1 ;!.,
+92 ;o0, .1! ;!+, s10 ;o, 1.19 ;!oo,
+18 ;101, +o ;!, s12 ;-!, 20.88 ;!+1,
+s2 ;1!., +0 ;o!, +91 ;0, 10.s1 ;!1.,
+80 ;o+, +-! ;+., s10 ;.!, 12.18 ;1!,
s02 ;+0, .1+ ;!1, s11 ;+0, 12.++ ;11,
+! ;10., +-! ;o-, .11 ;10!, 9.81 ;!+!,
s01 ;o1, .!+ ;!, s+8 ;-!, 20.10 ;!01,
s0s ;-, +-1 ;--, s1o ;-o, 11.11 ;!!!,
o2 1.2) o9 2.) 2 1.1) 11.99 u.9)
o1 1.o) u1 1.1) 22 1.) 9.o u.o)
+1o ;-, ! ;+-, !- ;o!, -s.9s ;!!+,
++. ;!, +o! ;-, +0 ;1+0, 9.0+ ;!+,
s12 ;1, .! ;., +1+ ;!, !.- ;o0+,
++2 ;o, +o! ;o, +82 ;o, 10.0o ;1+,
.!! ;1!!, .!0 ;o, ... ;1!, !o! ;!o,
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du ciimat de discipiine
1
A::lXl l1
!1
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
o:
o:cc
luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
l,sls
!
Aust:lic
Aut:ic|c
lclgiquc
:c
kcu|liquc tc|cquc
D:cu:|
li:l:cc
l::cc
Allcug:c
G:ccc
lo:g:ic
lsl:cc
l:l:cc
ltlic
o:
o:cc
luxcu|ou:g
\cxiquc
:ouvcllcZcl:cc
:o:vcgc
lolog:c
lo:tugl
lsg:c
uccc
uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
lctto:ic
licc|tc:stci:
lccc:tio: cc kussic
l,sls
!
I|lcu +
Indice des acteurs troubiant ie ciimat de i`tabiissement imputabies au enseignants, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
Indice des acteurs troubiant ie ciimat de i`tabiissement imputabies au enseignants
1
nationau de iìndice des acteurs troubiant ie ciimat de i`tabiissement
imputabies au enseignants
1

011 ;00, 11! ;00+, 0!0 ;00., 1!o ;01!,
011 ;00., 0- ;00., 00! ;00!, 11 ;010,
00 ;00o, 11 ;00, 00. ;00+, 1!+ ;00,
01! ;00!, 0-1 ;00!, 00! ;00!, 1!+ ;00.,
0.! ;00., 0.. ;00+, 0+ ;00+, 11 ;00,
01 ;00, 0!! ;00., 00 ;00!, !0. ;00o,
00 ;00o, 0- ;00., 010 ;00+, 0 ;00.,
u u u u u u u u
01o ;00., 110 ;00+, 01+ ;00!, 0! ;00.,
11 ;01!, !-- ;01!, 1! ;00, 0-! ;01,
0+! ;00, 101 ;00-, 0+o ;00., 1o- ;00,
0!! ;000, 0! ;000, 0! ;000, 1+ ;000,
00! ;00, 11. ;00-, 01 ;00+, 1!. ;010,
00. ;010, 1!o ;00, 001 ;00., 1.0 ;010,
01! ;00-, 0-- ;00, 00! ;00!, 1.0 ;011,
0! ;00, 0o- ;00, 0! ;00., 1+. ;00-,
0+ ;000, 1+0 ;000, 0.! ;000, 0!0 ;000,
0o. ;00, 1-+ ;00-, 0o! ;00+, 0.o ;010,
00. ;00o, 10 ;00-, 01+ ;00!, 11! ;00,
0!- ;00o, 10o ;00., 0! ;00!, 0o! ;00,
010 ;010, 0-+ ;01+, 00! ;00., 1!! ;011,
0!- ;00, 1!1 ;00, 0!! ;00+, 0! ;011,
0!0 ;00, 10. ;00, 01! ;00o, 1.. ;011,
000 ;00, 100 ;00., 01+ ;00!, 1!. ;010,
01! ;00., 0+ ;00+, 00 ;00!, 10- ;00,
00 ;00, 11 ;00o, 0!! ;00!, 1! ;00-,
00 ;010, 100 ;00., 01 ;00+, 101 ;01!,
-u.uo u.u1) -1.12 u.u2) -u.12 u.u2) 1.1 u.uo)
u.uu u.u1) -1.u9 u.u2) -u.u u.u1) 1.1 u.u2)
0!! ;00, 1!1 ;00, 01. ;00., 1 ;00,
0.. ;00, 0.1 ;00o, 0.! ;00., 1o! ;011,
u u u u u u u u
0. ;00-, !1- ;00o, 0! ;00+, 01 ;01!,
0o! ;00, 1+ ;00., 01 ;00+, 0!! ;00o,
s01 ;!, .!! ;.1, s+o ;!, 1s.1o ;!1,
s2s ;o., .11 ;.!, +8+ ;, -1+.2o ;..+,
+o1 ;-, .11 ;., s+1 ;-+, 2+.11 ;.-,
s29 ;!-, .!+ ;!!, s+2 ;!o, +.o2 ;1.,
+-0 ;1!1, +-+ ;oo, +-0 ;o, 1o+ ;+o.,
+8+ ;o-, +- ;!., s01 ;., o+o ;!.!,
.+- ;+!, .+ ;!., .+1 ;!, +-o ;++o,
u u u u u u u u
+.o ;1!0, .0. ;o-, + ;1!!, 10- ;-+-,
+-! ;11, +o. ;+, +. ;11+, !1! ;+0.,
+o+ ;-1, +! ;0, + ;--, 10.2s ;+!-,
+99 ;!!, .0- ;!1, s12 ;!-, o.o9 ;1o-,
.!. ;o., .!- ;+, .!! ;, 1! ;!.,
+12 ;100, + ;o0, s01 ;100, 1- ;+.,
+8s ;10-, .!1 ;!, s+1 ;-0, 11.18 ;.-!,
.1- ;oo, .!! ;.!, .!+ ;o1, 9.2s ;!+1,
++9 ;!+, +.o ;!o, +22 ;!, -10.o8 ;!1,
+1o ;, +!o ;o!, +!0 ;1, 0- ;+.,
s12 ;., .!! ;+!, s+1 ;.!, 1o.+0 ;+00,
+-- ;o., .0. ;!., .1! ;oo, o!0 ;+.!,
+s9 ;1.!, ++ ;., s09 ;1!0, 1!.+ ;-!,
+o! ;-!, +! ;0, +! ;101, 1! ;o!o,
+8+ ;.!, +-! ;+0, s01 ;o, 9.+1 ;!1.,
.0 ;o0, .1- ;!-, .!0 ;+!, !.0 ;!,
+! ;101, .0+ ;oo, +! ;!, +.. ;.o,
s0o ;o., .1. ;+1, so0 ;, 22.81 ;!o,
+19 ;., .1+ ;-!, s1+ ;110, 11.08 ;.--,
o9 1.u) uo 2.o) u9 1.) 1.o 1.1)
o9 1.9) u1 1.1) u 1.9) 9.9 1.u)
18s ;1, !-+ ;+, +10 ;+, o.11 ;!--,
+! ;, +.. ;!, +.+ ;1+-, -! ;-1!,
u u u u u u u u
++. ;1!!, +o- ;+, +o. ;.-, .+o ;!+!,
+8o ;1+o, .+0 ;oo, ss+ ;!, 11.s1 ;-!,
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imputabies au enseignant
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Indice de perception par ies ches d`tabiissement du morai et de ièngagement des enseignants et perormance sur i`cheiie
combine de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
Indice du morai et de ièngagement des enseignants
1
nationau de iìndice du morai et de ièngagement des enseignants
1

00+ ;00, 0-o ;00, 00 ;00., 1!- ;00,
0o! ;00, 0+o ;00o, 0o! ;00+, 1! ;00!,
0!0 ;00o, 11! ;00o, 0!- ;00!, 0-. ;00o,
00 ;00+, 10+ ;00+, 00! ;00!, 1!+ ;00+,
0!- ;00., 11+ ;00, 0!1 ;00+, 0o! ;00o,
00! ;00o, 0. ;00, 010 ;00., 11. ;00,
00! ;00o, 0-0 ;00, 00+ ;00., 10 ;00-,
u u u u u u u u
001 ;00o, 10+ ;00, 001 ;00+, 10! ;00,
0! ;011, 0- ;010, 0!. ;00, 1 ;000,
0! ;00, 10- ;00-, 0+1 ;00+, 1! ;00,
0! ;000, 0- ;001, 0! ;000, 1o ;000,
01- ;00, 0- ;010, 00 ;00o, 1. ;00.,
0o- ;00, 1o ;00+, 0 ;00., 0+o ;00,
01+ ;011, 1!. ;011, 01+ ;00, 1o+ ;00.,
0! ;00, 1- ;00., 0 ;00+, 0+ ;010,
00! ;001, 0- ;000, 00- ;000, 1!! ;001,
0!- ;00-, 10! ;00-, 0+! ;00o, 1 ;001,
0!! ;00, 0-! ;00-, 01! ;00o, 1.- ;00+,
00- ;00, 0-. ;00, 01. ;00+, 0-1 ;00,
0.! ;00-, 1+ ;00, 0.. ;00, 0.! ;010,
0. ;00, 1oo ;00., 0.- ;00+, 0o0 ;00,
0!1 ;00o, 1+o ;00!, 0!! ;00., 0-1 ;00-,
0!+ ;00, 0! ;010, 0!o ;00!, 1.1 ;00o,
0+! ;00, 0. ;00., 0+! ;00o, 1! ;00!,
00! ;00, 10o ;00, 00! ;00., 1! ;00,
00+ ;011, 10 ;0!!, 01 ;00, 1!0 ;01!,
-u.u u.u1) -1.2u u.uo) -u.u9 u.u2) 1.22 u.uo)
u.uu u.u1) -1.1u u.u2) -u.uo u.u1) 1.21 u.u2)
0+! ;00, 1. ;00+, 0.0 ;00+, 0-. ;00-,
0+ ;00, 1+- ;00, 0.0 ;00+, 0o- ;01!,
u u u u u u u u
01. ;00, 1!1 ;00o, 0!! ;00+, 10 ;00,
01- ;00-, 0-! ;010, 0! ;00o, 0. ;011,
s12 ;o-, .!o ;.+, ss0 ;o0, 18.2+ ;!.!,
.1 ;, .0 ;., +-o ;!, ! ;o0.,
+s1 ;, .1! ;0, ss1 ;!, 1s.11 ;o!,
s2s ;+1, .!o ;!0, s19 ;!, s.s1 ;1-o,
+-! ;101, +1 ;!, .11 ;0, .!1 ;.oo,
+-0 ;o, +- ;!o, .0! ;., 8.9o ;+1!,
.+! ;!o, .+o ;++, ..1 ;+, s.9o ;!.,
u u u u u u u u
++ ;11, +-1 ;o, + ;1!, 1+!. ;o0,
+o+ ;1!, +o ;+, +0 ;-+, 1- ;.1!,
+o1 ;, +o ;!, s08 ;10o, 1o.09 ;.0,
.0o ;!+, .0o ;!!, .11 ;!!, !+ ;1o,
.!. ;o!, .!! ;+-, .! ;0, 1.+8 ;!+o,
++ ;-, +-0 ;.o, + ;-!, !- ;.++,
+82 ;11, .!- ;o, ss0 ;-1, 19.99 ;+-!,
+91 ;o!, .! ;!, s10 ;!, 12.00 ;+.,
+1+ ;!0, ++o ;!1, +10 ;!, 22.oo ;11,
+0- ;o, +!o ;o!, +! ;10o, .+. ;+!,
s02 ;o., .! ;+o, s++ ;.., 11.11 ;+11,
.0. ;.!, .0o ;+0, .0. ;., 1-+ ;.0o,
+so ;1.+, +o ;-+, s21 ;10o, 10.+1 ;+,
+o0 ;10+, +0 ;o!, ++ ;10o, -- ;.0,
+oo ;.+, +-- ;!-, s0o ;., 1s.o9 ;!0!,
.0- ;0, .1 ;!., .!! ;+!, o! ;!+,
+ ;100, +- ;o!, .10 ;100, +0+ ;.!0,
s01 ;.-, .!o ;+!, s+2 ;--, 11.s0 ;+!1,
+9+ ;., +-+ ;-, s+0 ;-, 11. ;o!!,
o1 1.o) o9 2.) 19 1.o) 1u.1 1.92)
oo 1.) u1 1.1) 1 1.) 1u.2u u.1)
!- ;-!, !-1 ;+, +0. ;0, o-1 ;++,
+o! ;1!, +o! ;1, +.! ;11+, o1+ ;-,
u u u u u u u u
+11 ;--, +o. ;+, +8o ;101, 18.ss ;oo1,
.!! ;1!o, .!+ ;--, .!! ;1!, 11++ ;111,
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du morai et de ièngagement des enseignants
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Indice du temps que ies ives consacrent ieurs devoirs en iangue de i`vaiuation, en mathmatiques et en sciences,
et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
k.o!o /o. o. !. ..c. 1. .!..
rerormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension
de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice du temps
Indice du temps que ies ives consacrent ieurs devoirs en iangue que ies ives consacrent ieurs devoirs en iangue
de i`vaiuation, en mathmatiques et en sciences
1
de i`vaiuation, en mathmatiques et en sciences
2
1ous ies Quartiie 2
e
1
e
Quartiie Quartiie 2
e
1
e
Quartiie
ives in. quartiie quartiie sup. in. quartiie quartiie sup.
moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. moyen Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t.
Istimation du nombre d`heures que ies ives
corriation entre iìndice du temps que ies
consacrent ieurs devoirs en iangue de i`vaiuation,
ives consacrent ieurs devoirs en iangue
en mathmatiques et en sciences
de i`vaiuation, en mathmatiques et en
Variation Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. sciences et iÌsII de statut proessionnei
00. ;00!, 11! ;00!, 0!0 ;001, 0!- ;001, 1!! ;00!, +91 ;+, .!+ ;+1, .+! ;+!, so2 ;+-,
0+! ;00!, 1.+ ;00!, 0oo ;000, 01! ;001, 0o. ;00!, .0 ;+., .11 ;!o, .1o ;!+, +-- ;!+,
010 ;00!, 1! ;00!, 0! ;001, 0!o ;001, 0- ;001, +s8 ;+-, .1 ;., .!o ;!0, s1s ;!1,
00- ;001, 1!! ;001, 0!! ;000, 0+! ;000, 1! ;001, s0+ ;!., .!+ ;!0, .+ ;!0, ss1 ;1-,
0!+ ;00!, 1. ;00!, 0. ;001, 00. ;001, 0! ;001, +81 ;!, +-o ;!, .1+ ;!1, s12 ;!1,
00+ ;00!, 0- ;00!, 01o ;001, 0!+ ;001, 10+ ;00!, ++ ;.o, .0 ;!o, .10 ;!., +-. ;!,
0! ;00!, 1!! ;00!, 0.- ;001, 00! ;001, 0. ;001, s12 ;!o, .+! ;+., .o! ;!-, ss2 ;!!,
011 ;00!, 0- ;00!, 00 ;001, 0!- ;001, 11! ;001, +oo ;+, .10 ;!., .!1 ;!1, s18 ;!-,
001 ;00!, 10. ;00!, 0!. ;001, 0! ;001, 100 ;00!, +1+ ;!, +- ;+!, .0! ;+!, s01 ;!.,
0o. ;00+, 01 ;00!, 0+1 ;001, 110 ;001, 1-1 ;001, +19 ;o., +. ;o0, +-1 ;+!, s1o ;+1,
0!. ;00!, 0o0 ;00!, 00 ;001, 0o1 ;001, 1!0 ;001, +++ ;., +o ;.!, +-! ;+0, s12 ;+-,
00! ;001, 10. ;00!, 0!1 ;001, 0!o ;001, 10 ;00!, +9+ ;!1, .!! ;!1, .1+ ;!+, s01 ;!,
0!0 ;00!, 11. ;00!, 011 ;001, 0.. ;001, 1.! ;00!, s01 ;.0, .!! ;+!, .! ;!, s+1 ;!-,
0!1 ;00!, 0- ;00!, 00. ;001, 0+o ;000, 1!! ;00!, +s1 ;., +! ;!1, +- ;!!, s19 ;+!,
0 ;00., !!. ;000, 11 ;001, 0! ;001, 0! ;00!, +90 ;, .!! ;+, .!. ;.!, ss0 ;.0,
01o ;00!, 1+ ;00!, 0.- ;001, 0!0 ;001, 1+ ;00!, s01 ;!!, .!0 ;!., .!+ ;!1, s+o ;!-,
0!0 ;001, 1! ;00!, 0+- ;001, 00+ ;001, 0-! ;00!, +++ ;!., ++- ;!+, +.! ;!, ++- ;!!,
0!! ;00!, 0- ;001, 00- ;001, 0+ ;000, 1+! ;00!, +01 ;!-, +1- ;+o, +! ;+1, +1+ ;!-,
00o ;00!, 10 ;00!, 0!- ;001, 0!- ;001, 1!! ;00!, +9s ;+!, .!! ;+!, .+ ;!-, ss1 ;+o,
00 ;00!, 11 ;00!, 0+! ;001, 0!- ;001, 101 ;00!, +81 ;.!, .1! ;+1, .! ;!!, s11 ;!,
0!+ ;00!, 0-o ;00!, 00o ;001, 0.+ ;000, 1+! ;00!, +11 ;.o, +. ;+, +-0 ;.., s19 ;.,
01. ;00!, 10+ ;00!, 0!+ ;001, 0+ ;000, 1+! ;00!, +s2 ;.o, +o ;+-, + ;+-, +88 ;..,
0!+ ;00!, 10. ;00!, 001 ;001, 0.+ ;000, 1+ ;00!, +s1 ;+!, +-o ;!0, .0- ;!-, s18 ;!.,
0! ;00!, 1+! ;00!, 0o+ ;000, 01+ ;001, 0! ;00!, .1! ;!!, .!! ;!+, .!. ;!1, .0 ;!o,
01 ;00!, 11+ ;00!, 0+ ;001, 00o ;001, 0+ ;00!, + ;+-, .0 ;+!, .0 ;.!, +-! ;.-,
0! ;00!, 0! ;00!, 01! ;001, 0.! ;000, 1!0 ;00!, +19 ;!1, .!- ;!+, .+1 ;!, sss ;!,
00+ ;00., 1!+ ;00!, 0+! ;001, 0!! ;001, 1! ;00!, +o8 ;o+, +- ;o0, .! ;!, s+2 ;o,
-u.uo u.u1) -1.11 u.u1) -u.1o u.u1) u.29 u.uu) 1.22 u.u1) oo 1.9) o9 1.) 1 2.1) 2 2.1)
u.uu u.uu) -1.1 u.uu) -u.29 u.uu) u.1u u.uu) 1.1 u.uu) o 1.u) u1 u.) 1o u.) 19 u.)
00. ;00!, 11 ;00+, 0++ ;001, 0! ;001, 11. ;00!, 18o ;+1, ! ;+!, +01 ;!, +19 ;+0,
0! ;00!, 0- ;00!, 00! ;001, 0. ;001, 1+. ;00!, +11 ;0, +o+ ;o-, +1 ;.!, +1o ;o-,
0!. ;00+, 11+ ;00o, 0.+ ;00!, 00+ ;00!, 0! ;00o, ++ ;10, + ;10, .00 ;10, +1 ;1!1,
0o0 ;00!, 0- ;00!, 0!! ;001, 10o ;001, 1-0 ;001, +19 ;.!, +. ;+1, +o ;+1, +91 ;+-,
01! ;00!, 11! ;00!, 0+. ;001, 01 ;001, 0-! ;00!, s18 ;.!, .! ;+, .+- ;+0, s18 ;.+,
21.11 ;1--, + ;011, 01+
!. ;!1+, !. ;00, 000
12.9+ ;1!, +! ;00o, 01
18.99 ;10!, .0 ;00+, 01!
12.s8 ;1!, !o ;00, 00.
1.ss ;!-, + ;00o, 00+
12.91 ;1-., !. ;00o, 00!
11.s8 ;1-+, +- ;00, 01+
11.s1 ;!0, +. ;00o, 000
1+.28 ;!0., 0 ;01., 01
12.o1 ;!1-, . ;00-, 01o
+.11 ;10, + ;00., 00!
11.0s ;1o, .+ ;00, 00
2o.o1 ;!-, .! ;00-, 00-
11.10 ;!1+, !- ;01!, 00
11.2+ ;10, ++ ;010, 01
!. ;1-o, +0 ;00+, 000
11.21 ;1., .! ;00, 001
20.01 ;!0., + ;00, 011
1s.0s ;!1, +! ;00o, 00+
10.28 ;!+0, .! ;00-, 010
12.28 ;1o, .0 ;00, 00-
2+.os ;1o., .+ ;00, 01+
101 ;1-1, !! ;00o, 00!
!! ;!!-, !- ;00, 001
11.92 ;!1!, .+ ;00o, 01o
2o.s1 ;1-, +o ;01., 01+
1.9 u.) o.o u.u) u.1
11. u.oo) o.o u.u2) u.1
1+.11 ;1!, ++ ;00-, 011
1o.91 ;!o, u u u
+-+ ;--!, u u 00.
2s.91 ;1+., u u u
10.18 ;!!, +1 ;00, 00!
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de i`crit par unit de iìndice du temps que ies ives
consacrent ieurs devoirs en iangue de i`vaiuation,
en mathmatiques et en sciences
2
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kcu|liquc tc|cquc
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rarticipation des ives des cours en dehors de i`tabiissement
k.o!o /o. o. !. ..c. 1. .!..
rourcentage des ives qui ont parois ou rguiirement rourcentage des ives qui ont parois ou rguiirement suivi
suivi des cours spciau en iangue de i`vaiuation, des cours des cours de remdiation en iangue de i`vaiuation, des cours de
spciau en dàutres matires, ou des cours dènrichissement remdiation en dàutres matires, ou des ormations pour am-
ou compimentaires durant ies trois dernires annes iiorer ieurs mthodes de travaii durant ies trois dernires annes
rourcentage Ir. t. rourcentage Ir. t.
!!- ;11, !1 ;1!,
110 ;0o, !.+ ;11,
!1- ;0, 1! ;0o,
1++ ;0+, !1o ;0o,
1 ;0, !0! ;0,
1.! ;0, 1+1 ;0,
+o ;0+, -1 ;0.,
u u u u
10+ ;0+, !o! ;0-,
u u !+ ;10,
+oo ;11, +! ;0-,
1! ;0., !oo ;0,
!0. ;10, +0. ;1!,
.o ;0+, +0 ;0-,
0 ;1., 1! ;0-,
o!o ;10, .. ;10,
!!! ;0, !oo ;0-,
.1+ ;10, +1 ;10,
11 ;0, +0! ;10,
. ;0+, 10 ;0o,
.1+ ;1!, .!+ ;11,
!11 ;0, ++- ;11,
!0 ;0, .+. ;0,
;0., ;0.,
! ;0+, !0+ ;0-,
!01 ;0, !++ ;0,
!+ ;1!, ! ;1!,
11.9 u.) 1o.u u.o)
2o.9 u.2) 12.1 u.2)
1+. ;0-, .0- ;1!,
.+- ;1!, .o0 ;1!,
- ;1, ! ;!o,
+.! ;0-, !0. ;0,
u u 1 ;0-,
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moyenne Je lÒcDL
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Indice de pnurie des enseignants et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, par quartiies nationau de iìndice
Indice de pnurie des enseignants
1
nationai de iìndice de pnurie des enseignants
1

1 Voi: l`::cxc A1 ou: u:c cc|:itio: cc lì:cicc Lècnelle o ete :nversee ponr qne les volenrs pos:t:ves et elevees :nJ:qnent qne lo pennr:e Jènse:qnonts nèst pos
perne comme nn proIlme mo:ns :mportont por ropport lo moyenne Je lÒcDL \x cst utilisc ou: ccsig:c: lcs ,s ou lus cc !. ou: cc:t ccs clcvcs so:t
i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ou: lcsqucls lcs :co:scs ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t co:cicc:t vcc l vlcu: l lus clcvcc ou: cct i:cicc ;0-.,
01 ;00, 1!- ;00+, 01o ;00, \x
0.! ;00., 0+! ;00, 0- ;00+, \x
0!. ;00, 0- ;00, 0+ ;00, \x
001 ;00+, 1+1 ;00!, 0!0 ;00+, \x
0.1 ;00+, 0!o ;00o, 01 ;00+, \x
0!1 ;00., 01 ;00+, 0.0 ;00., \x
00- ;00o, 0 ;00!, 01! ;00+, \x
u u u u u u u u
0!! ;00o, 1+ ;00+, 0!! ;00+, \x
0! ;01+, !- ;01., 0.! ;010, \x
0!- ;00, 10+ ;01!, 0o1 ;00., \x
0!- ;000, 1.- ;000, 0+ ;000, \x
00o ;00, 1!. ;011, 00 ;00, \x
0! ;00-, 1.! ;00, 0!0 ;00, \x
0!! ;00, 1.1 ;00, 01- ;00-, \x
0!! ;00o, 0-0 ;00-, 0o! ;00o, \x
010 ;001, 1oo ;000, 01+ ;001, c c
0.! ;00-, 1 ;00, 0o0 ;00., 0-+ ;001,
01 ;00, 1+! ;00o, 01. ;00, \x
0!! ;00, 1+! ;00, 0+1 ;00., 0-! ;00!,
0!0 ;010, 10. ;0!0, 0o+ ;00., \x
00! ;00, 0- ;00!, 00. ;010, \x
0.! ;00o, 0.- ;011, 0. ;00!, \x
0!. ;00, 1.+ ;00o, 0!1 ;00o, \x
0!. ;00o, 0 ;00, 0o1 ;00., \x
0+0 ;00, 11 ;00o, 0+! ;00o, \x
0!0 ;00, 11 ;00-, 0+ ;00, \x
-u.u1 u.u1) -1.12 u.u1) u.1o u.u2) mox
u.uu u.u1) -1.2o u.u1) u.12 u.u1) mox
00 ;00, 1!! ;00o, 00! ;00, \x
00. ;010, 11 ;01!, 000 ;00+, \x
u u u u u u u u
0. ;010, !.! ;010, 00 ;00o, 0-0 ;00!,
0! ;00-, 1! ;00o, 0+1 ;00o, 0o ;00,
s10 ;., .!+ ;.!, s1+ ;o-, 11.9s ;!!!,
+18 ;10!, .1+ ;++, s21 ;+, 21.1s ;1,
s01 ;11o, .+! ;!, s+2 ;1+o, 21.01 ;0.,
.!1 ;!o, .!o ;!!, .!. ;!!, !11 ;1+!,
+s9 ;11!, .0! ;++, s02 ;10., +2.0o ;11!o,
+8s ;.., +- ;!, s0s ;o0, 9.29 ;+!,
.++ ;+0, .+ ;!, .+o ;+, 1!! ;+0-,
u u u u u u u u
+2+ ;11., +- ;o1, s22 ;!, +2.11 ;.o,
+o ;1!, +. ;, .0+ ;101, !o1 ;!+,
+o0 ;10., +-0 ;o!, + ;11, 12.2s ;.,
s0+ ;!!, .0! ;!!, s11 ;!!, s.2s ;1+-,
.1- ;-, .! ;+o, .!! ;!, !! ;!o.,
+ ;-!, +-+ ;o+, + ;, !o! ;.0.,
s01 ;10, .!. ;0, s18 ;-, 12.0+ ;++,
.1. ;, .!1 ;+o, .!! ;o0, 0- ;+!!,
+o ;!, +!! ;!., +! ;!0, -+.22 ;1+.,
+11 ;1, +!0 ;o-, +1- ;10o, !-0 ;++!,
s12 ;o, .!- ;+!, ss0 ;1, 12.oo ;!!,
.01 ;oo, .0o ;!, .0o ;o-, ++ ;!oo,
++1 ;1+!, + ;-, +9o ;1!., . ;-!,
+0 ;-0, +! ;o, +0 ;11, 0o ;o11,
+. ;.!, +-o ;++, +-! ;o1, !-0 ;!+1,
s11 ;o, .1! ;!!, s21 ;!-, 1.88 ;!.!,
+- ;10+, +- ;1, .0! ;11!, 18.1+ ;o!0,
s01 ;!, .1- ;.+, sso ;., 18.+1 ;!+-,
+ ;10!, .10 ;, .1! ;11., 11.s+ ;+!1,
o1 1.2) u1 2.1) u9 1.o) 11.o 1.19)
o 1.9) u2 1.1) 1u 1.) 9.1o u.9o)
!+ ;o-, !- ;.-, +0+ ;-0, o1o ;!--,
+o. ;1!+, +.+ ;+, +o! ;1!!, o-o ;o!,
u u u u u u u u
+.- ;-!, +o! ;!, +o0 ;1, 0+1 ;!.!,
.0 ;1!, .+! ;0, .!- ;11o, 18.+8 ;+,
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de pnurie des enseignants
1
A::lXl l1
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lolog:c
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lsg:c
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uissc
ko,uucD:i
lttsD:is
1otol OcDL
moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
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lccc:tio: cc kussic
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lclgiquc
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kcu|liquc tc|cquc
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Indice de quaiit des inrastructures matrieiies des tabiissements et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension
Indice de quaiit des inrastructures matrieiies des tabiissements
1
nationai de iìndice de quaiit des inrastructures matrieiies des tabiissements
1

00. ;00, 111 ;00o, 00 ;00o, \x
00 ;00-, 1.! ;01+, 00. ;00., \x
0!! ;00o, 0- ;00o, 0+ ;00., \x
0!. ;00!, 00 ;00., 0.+ ;00!, \x
0oo ;00., 0!! ;00., 0- ;00!, \x
00 ;00, 1!- ;00, 00. ;00!, 10 ;00+,
0!! ;00, 1+1 ;00, 0!+ ;00+, 0- ;00.,
u u u u u u u u
01+ ;00o, 100 ;010, 0!! ;00., \x
11 ;01!, ! ;010, 1!. ;00o, 0o ;00-,
0+! ;00, 0o1 ;01., 0. ;00., \x
0!1 ;000, 0. ;000, 0+o ;000, \x
01- ;00-, 110 ;011, 0!. ;00, \x
0!0 ;00-, 1o ;011, 01+ ;00o, \x
0!1 ;00, 1!o ;00o, 0!o ;00+, 0 ;00o,
0!o ;00, 1o. ;01!, 0!+ ;00., 0! ;00o,
0! ;000, 1!! ;000, 0!. ;000, 0.0 ;000,
0!- ;00-, 1-. ;00-, 0!. ;00o, 0-- ;00.,
010 ;00o, 0-o ;00, 011 ;00+, \x
0.- ;00, 1 ;011, 0. ;00!, 0.! ;00o,
01. ;010, 1.0 ;01-, 00! ;00., 0-1 ;00o,
01+ ;00, 11+ ;011, 0!- ;00o, \x
01! ;00, 1! ;011, 0!! ;00o, \x
001 ;00, 1!0 ;00, 00! ;00., \x
0+- ;00o, 0o! ;00, 0! ;00., \x
0+1 ;00, 1o. ;00, 0+- ;00+, 0-. ;00.,
0!0 ;00, 0 ;00o, 0!0 ;00., \x
-u.u1 u.u2) -1.19 u.u1) u.uo u.u2) 1.u1 u.u1)
u.uu u.u1) -1.22 u.u2) u.u u.u1) 1.u1 u.u1)
0!0 ;00, 11+ ;01!, 0.- ;00., \x
00 ;010, 1!. ;01!, 00- ;00, \x
u u u u u u u u
0.! ;00-, !0 ;00, 0.1 ;00., 0- ;00!,
00- ;01!, 1! ;0!0, 0!1 ;00, \x
.! ;-1, .!0 ;+o, .! ;o, 1!- ;+!,
.10 ;-., .0 ;.+, .0. ;-, !0 ;++1,
+-0 ;11+, .1o ;., .10 ;10+, 1s.2s ;!-,
.!o ;!!, .!+ ;!!, .!. ;!0, 1!0 ;!1!,
.0 ;0, + ;!-, .0! ;1, o0- ;o..,
+- ;., +-! ;+!, .00 ;o0, !oo ;!!,
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+0 ;11!, +-! ;o., +-! ;!, .-! ;+!,
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199 ;., +1 ;o!, +s+ ;-+, 1o.88 ;!-1,
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s02 ;1!, +0 ;-0, +s+ ;1+1, -1o.81 ;o!,
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s0o ;o+, .1- ;!., s21 ;+., o01 ;!0,
+ ;11o, +-1 ;0, .0 ;10-, 1111 ;o!!,
s1+ ;+, .!1 ;!o, s+0 ;-o, -! ;+!,
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.1- ;1.-, .!1 ;, .+! ;1!!, !10 ;o+0,
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1 Voi: l`::cxc A1 ou: u:c cc|:itio: cc lì:cicc Lècnelle o ete :nversee ponr qne les volenrs pos:t:ves et elevees :nJ:qnent qne l`:njrostrnctnre moter:elle Je lètoIl:ssement
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so:t i:sc:its c:s ccs ct|lisscuc:ts ou: lcsqucls lcs :co:scs ccs c|cis c`ct|lisscuc:t co:cicc:t vcc l vlcu: l lus clcvcc ou: cct i:cicc ;11!,
! Voi: l`::cxc A! ou: l v:itio: cxliqucc lcs :og:cssio:s cù:itcs c: c:ctc:cs g:s so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivcs lo:squc lcs qu:tilcs i:ic:icu: ct
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Variation du score sur i`cheiie combine de
comprhension de i`crit par unit de iìndice de quaiit
des inrastructures matrieiies des tabiissements
1

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lolog:c
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moyenne Je lÒcDL
l:csil
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lccc:tio: cc kussic
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Indice de quaiit du matriei pdagogique des tabiissements et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension
Indice de quaiit du matriei pdagogique des tabiissements
1
nationau de iìndice de quaiit du matriei pdagogique des tabiissements
1

1 Voi: l`::cxc A1 ou: u:c cc|:itio: cc lì:cicc Lècnelle o ete :nversee ponr qne les volenrs pos:t:ves et elevees :nJ:qnent qne lo qnol:te Jn moter:el
peJoqoq:qne Jes etoIl:ssements nèst pos perne comme nn proIlme :mportont.
0! ;00, 0! ;00o, 010 ;00., 1o! ;00-,
00! ;00, 10- ;010, 00. ;00+, 10! ;010,
0+. ;00o, 0 ;00, 0++ ;00+, 1o- ;00+,
0!+ ;00+, 0- ;00., 01. ;00!, 1o1 ;00!,
0!! ;00-, 0-! ;00., 00. ;00+, 1o ;00o,
0!. ;00o, 0 ;00, 0! ;00!, 11 ;00,
0!! ;00o, 11 ;00, 0! ;00!, 0- ;00,
u u u u u u u u
0!0 ;00, 1!1 ;00-, 0!+ ;00+, 0-- ;00,
0-! ;00-, !0- ;00-, 0-- ;00+, 0!! ;01!,
0.0 ;00, 0o! ;00, 0++ ;00., 11 ;00o,
01- ;000, 111 ;000, 0!- ;000, 0-1 ;000,
01- ;010, 1+. ;00-, 0!. ;00., 11. ;011,
00 ;00, 11 ;00, 001 ;00., 1+0 ;00-,
000 ;00, 0-o ;00, 011 ;00+, 11 ;00-,
000 ;00, 100 ;00., 00- ;00+, 11! ;011,
011 ;000, 0o. ;000, 001 ;000, 0-. ;000,
0-. ;010, !! ;00, 11! ;00., 00 ;01!,
011 ;00o, 0! ;00o, 00o ;00!, 1!. ;00,
0.. ;00o, 1!+ ;00, 0o! ;00!, 0! ;00-,
01 ;00-, 1!. ;00, 01 ;00o, 0- ;00,
01+ ;00, 10o ;00, 00- ;00+, 1+! ;00-,
01. ;00-, 11! ;00-, 00. ;00., 1. ;00,
000 ;00, 0-- ;00o, 01! ;00+, 1!! ;010,
0.1 ;00, 0.o ;00., 0! ;00., 1 ;00!,
0++ ;00, 1o! ;00, 0.! ;00+, 0. ;011,
0+0 ;00, 0o0 ;00, 0!0 ;00., 1.. ;010,
u.u1 u.u1) -1.u9 u.uo) -u.u u.u2) 1.2 u.u1)
u.uu u.u2) -1.u9 u.u2) -u.u u.u1) 1.22 u.u2)
0!o ;010, 1! ;010, 0++ ;00., 1!1 ;010,
0o ;00-, 1. ;01!, 0o. ;00., 0+1 ;00-,
u u u u u u u u
1! ;00, !.! ;00o, 1!1 ;00!, 00+ ;00-,
010 ;01!, 11 ;01, 00! ;00., 1+. ;01!,
s1s ;o!, .! ;.., s+2 ;o, 9.1o ;!!!,
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+-1 ;11, .1+ ;.o, .1o ;11+, -!1 ;.+,
.!0 ;!!, .!. ;!0, .!- ;!, +.s0 ;1+-,
+- ;!, +-. ;o, + ;1!!, 0!! ;.++,
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u u u u u u u u
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+o ;1!, +.- ;!, + ;10, -! ;o!,
+o! ;1!+, +. ;0, +o ;10o, 100o ;00,
s09 ;!-, .00 ;!1, s19 ;!1, o.+8 ;1.,
.1- ;1, .!! ;.+, .!! ;o, 1 ;!!,
+o9 ;11-, +- ;o0, s02 ;10!, 11.+1 ;.1,
s11 ;10., .1 ;, s++ ;1, 11.os ;+--,
.!o ;o0, .1 ;.0, .!+ ;o-, 1o! ;++1,
+01 ;+!, ++. ;!1, +10 ;!., 22.98 ;!!,
191 ;, +1! ;.1, +12 ;-, 2o.01 ;!o,
s1o ;+, .!0 ;!-, s+s ;, 12.18 ;+0!,
+90 ;., .0 ;+0, s1+ ;.-, 9.09 ;+!!,
+o+ ;1o+, +o ;-0, +- ;1!o, .- ;-1-,
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+80 ;., +-0 ;!o, s09 ;0, 10.12 ;!-,
s09 ;., .1! ;!+, s10 ;+o, o.89 ;!,
++ ;1!0, +-+ ;o0, .0+ ;o, !. ;.0+,
s01 ;o0, .!! ;+, s+o ;0, 1o.8o ;!1-,
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u u u u u u u u
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.1! ;1!, .+1 ;-, .! ;1!, 11!- ;!0,
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de i`crit par unit de iìndice de quaiit du matriei
pdagogique des tabiissements
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A::lXl l1
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rourcentage dìves inscrits dans des tabiissements qui assument au moins certaines responsabiiits dans ies aspects
suivants de poiitique et de gestion de i`tabiissement
Dcider de ia
Dterminer Dterminer ies ventiiation
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Ingager des congdier des initiai des de saiaire des budget de dans i`ta-
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Dnir ie Dnir ies Dcider de
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pour ies iuation des ives dans ies manueis ie contenu des cours qui
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1 lcs co::cltio:s i:ciquccs c: c:ctc:cs g:s so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivcs
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corriation inter-pays entre
ia perormance moyenne
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bine de comprhension
de i`crit et ie pourcentage
indiqu par ies rubriques
respectives des coionnes
1
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Dcider de ia
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enseignants Ir. t. enseignants Ir. t. enseignants Ir. t. enseignants Ir. t. i`tabiissement Ir. t. biissement Ir. t.
Dnir ie Dnir ies Dcider de
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pour ies iuation des ives dans ies manueis ie contenu des cours qui
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rourcentage dìves et perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit, par type d`tabiissement
Itabiissements pubiics ou de iÌtat
1
Itabiissements privs subventionns par iÌtat
2
Itabiissements privs indpendants de iÌtat
1
Indice socio- Indice socio- Indice socio-
rerormance conomique rerormance conomique rerormance conomique
sur i`cheiie internationai sur i`cheiie internationai sur i`cheiie internationai
combine de (IsIIj combine de (IsIIj combine de (IsIIj
comprhension de statut comprhension de statut comprhension de statut
de i`crit proessionnei de i`crit proessionnei de i`crit proessionnei

dìves Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. dìves Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. dìves Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t. Moyenne Ir. t.

Dirence de perormance sur i`cheiie Dierence on the internationai socio-economic
combine de comprhension de i`crit inde o occupationai status
Itabiissements privs Itabiissements privs Itabiissements privs Itabiissements privs
subventionns par iÌtat et indpendants de iÌtat et subventionns par iÌtat et indpendants de iÌtat et
tabiissements pubiics
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Dirence Ir. t. Dirence Ir. t. Dirence Ir. t. Dirence Ir. t.
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. lcs ciiic:c:ccs ositivcs so:t ivo:|lcs ux ct|lisscuc:ts :ivcs su|vc:tio::cs : l`ltt t:cis quc lcs ciiic:c:ccs :cgtivcs so:t ivo:|lcs ux ct|lisscuc:ts u|lics lcs vlcu:s i:ciquccs c: g:s so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:iiictivcs
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i.o.c 1o ..oo, 1. !o 1..!... . 1. !o o.o1. 1. !o ..!o.c ... !o ..c.o.. 1. .!.. o. !..|.!!. .c/... 1. .c..|..c 1. !....
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Moyenne Moyenne si ie sIsc tait gai Dciivit du gradient soiidit de projection de ia manquantes pour
non corrige ia moyenne de i`GcDI socio-conomique
1
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Dirence de Dirence
score associe rourcentage entre ies 9s
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Moyenne Moyenne Ir. t. de iìndice sIsc Ir. t. epiique iìndice sIsc des ives
1 lcs ciiic:c:ccs c:t:c lcs ccclivitcs iu:iuccs c: g:s ct l ccclivitc uo,c::c ou: l`Dl so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivcs
.! .1! ;!10, +o ;!!o, 1 !- 1!
.0 .0 ;!o!, +1 ;!!o, 1+ ! 0o
.0 .!0 ;!+, +8 ;!!., !1 !1 1-
.!+ .! ;1.!, 11 ;1!1, 11 ! !+
+-! .00 ;!+!, s0 ;!!!, !0 ! 11
+- +- ;!!!, +! ;!0, 1. ! 1
.+o .+o ;!!!, 10 ;!+0, - !- 0.
.0. .1! ;!+, +1 ;!1, !! !- 11
++ +o ;!0, o0 ;!++, !! ! 1
++ ++ ;+1!, ! ;!0., 1. !! 1
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+ + ;!11, 12 ;!!., 11 !1 0.
.!! .!! ;+o!, 21 ;!, o !o o1
.!. .!+ ;!!!, 21 ;!!, - !- 0!
++1 ++ ;!10, +o ;1o-, !+ !+ !+
+!! +.- ;!0+, 1s ;!+, !! ++ !
.!- .!+ ;!.!, +. ;!!, 1o !1 1!
.0. + ;!0!, +1 ;1!, 1! !- 1
+- +-o ;+!o, !o ;!+0, 1+ !! !1
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.1o .0+ ;1-, 1o ;1o, 11 ! 10
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(1j (2j (1j (+j (sj
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Moyenne Moyenne Ir. t. Iet Ir. t. Iet Ir. t. Iet Ir. t.
lcs ccclivitcs iu:iuccs c: g:s so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctivcs
1 lou: lcs cc|:itio:s ccs ucsu:cs, voi: l`::cxc A1
! lou: lcs cc|:itio:s ccs i:ciccs, voi: l`::cxc A1
.! .1 ;!01, !. ;++o, -s.2 ;1!, -22.1 ;.o0,
.0 +-- ;!!o, 1 ;+o, -1.8 ;11, -so.8 ;o,
.0 .0. ;!-!, ! ;.!o, -11.2 ;1!, -12.1 ;o1.,
.!+ .!! ;1., !! ;!0, -+.o ;0, -21.8 ;!1,
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.0. .0. ;!0., -11.2 ;!+., -o.+ ;110, -28.0 ;o.,
++ +0 ;!+0, 1! ;!.., -1.0 ;1!o, -20.2 ;.!,
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+0 +.- ;!0+, 0! ;!!, -1.s ;1!, 1!! ;-.o,
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s0.8 ;!, +.1 ;0o1, 11.8 ;!1+, 8.2 ;1-0,
s1.o ;10!, 2.o ;0.1, 22.1 ;!, 11.1 ;1+!,
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11.1 ;110, 1.o ;1!!, 1s.9 ;!+-, 11.8 ;1,
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2o.1 ;-!, 2.o ;0o0, 9.s ;!!+, 10.s ;1-,
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11.+ ;oo, 2.o ;0+-, 10.9 ;10-, 8.1 ;1.-,
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o ;-., 2.0 ;0, 19.s ;1, 12.8 ;1-1,
11 ;-o, o.0 ;1!1, 12.2 ;1-+, 11.+ ;!!0,
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1-! ;10-, +.1 ;111, 10.1 ;1o-, 1s.8 ;!!,
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19.8 ;!!, 0. ;0.-, 12.s ;111, 8.9 ;1!,
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(oj (1j (8j (9j
Indice socio-conomique interna- Annes de scoiarit Indice des ressources ducatives Indice du patrimoine
tionai (IsIIj du statut proessionnei
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Iet Ir. t. Iet Ir. t. Iet Ir. t. Iet Ir. t.
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rourcentage de variation IN1RI tabiissements rourcentage de variation Au sIIN des tabiissements
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tabiissements du miiieu amiiiai sements et du miiieu amiiiai
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IcHIIII DI cuI1uRI
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20.1 ;!0, 20.1 ;!0,
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-21.2 ;!, -21.1 ;!,
!0 ;1., 11 ;0o+,
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1.8 ;!.0, !1 ;1!1,
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0.1 ;00., 0.1 ;00!,
-0.1 ;00!, -0.1 ;00!,
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Miiieu amiiiai et caractristiques des ives
l:cicc cu sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl cc l`clcvc 1 u:itc
l:cicc cu sttut cco:ouiquc, socil ct cultu:cl
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Impact de variabies reiatives au niveau des ives et au niveau scoiaire sur ies perormances des ives
sur ies cheiies combines de comprhension de i`crit, de cuiture mathmatique et de cuiture scientiique
IcHIIII DI cuI1uRI
scIIN1IIIQuI rrogression Iet Ir. t. Iet Ir. t. Iet Ir. t.
19.1 ;1-+, 19.1 ;1-.,
-0.8 ;0+!, 0 ;0+!,
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-s.2 ;1o, -o.0 ;1o,
-2s.o ;!, -2s.9 ;!-0,
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-0.1 ;00!, 00 ;00!,
-1s.0 ;1!1, -2o.9 ;10.+,
+.0 ;1!., 10 ;0o1,
01 ;00., 00 ;00!,
0! ;01-, 01 ;01!,
0.1 ;00, 0.1 ;00+,
-0.1 ;00!, -0.1 ;001,
1+ ;0--, 1! ;0o.,
18.o ;!!!, 9.9 ;1o,
0. ;100, 1+ ;10+,
s.1 ;1-, 0. ;0-+,
1.1 ;101, 0! ;0.,
10 ;11+, 0! ;0o,
+.8 ;1!0, 0+ ;00,
1! ;0-, 0- ;0o.,
1o.s ;1-o, 10.1 ;11!,
10.s ;1!, 1.0 ;1!!,
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0.0 10.1 10.1
29.+ o2.o o9.0
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Impact de variabies reiatives au niveau des ives et au niveau scoiaire sur ia perormance sur i`cheiie combine de comprhension de i`crit
Dirence dans ia per- Dirence dans ia per- Dirence dans ia per- rourcentage
ormance moyenne dùn ormance moyenne dùn ormance moyenne dùn dènseignants
tabiissement quand tabiissement quand tabiissement quand rourcentage dòrdi- dipims de iùniversit
ie rapport ives. ie rapport ives. ie rapport ives. nateurs dans ies tabiisse- dans ies tabiissements
enseignant se situe de enseignant se situe de enseignant est sup- ments disponibies pour et qui sont spciaiiss
20 2s et quand ii est 2s 10 et quand ii est rieur 10 et quand ii ies ives de 1s ans
1
dans ieur sujet
inrieur 20
1
inrieur 20
1
est inrieur 20
1
(oo.o.c 1. : c. 1. ) (oo.o.c 1. : c. 1. )
coe. Ir. t. coe. Ir. t. coe. Ir. t. coe. Ir. t. coe. Ir. t.
dènseignants dans ies tabiis- Indice de quaiit Indice de iùtiiisation par Indice dùtiiisation
sements participant des pro- des inrastructures ies ives des ressources dùne vaiuation
grammes de ormation continue
1
scoiaires
2
matrieiies scoiaires
2
ormeiie des ives
2
(oo.o.c 1. : c. 1. ) (oo.o.c 1. : o..) (oo.o.c 1. : o..) (oo.o.c 1. : o..)
coe. Ir. t. coe. Ir. t. coe. Ir. t. coe. Ir. t.
-+8.22 ;-+, -os.10 ;10+, 0!o ;0+., 0.11 ;01!,
-18.9s ;1--!, 1+10 ;1-!+, !1 ;10-, 0.1 ;0+o, 0.+1 ;0!0,
!o+ ;1o!, -91.11 ;++11, -2.s1 ;0o, 0.98 ;0!0,
22.8o ;+, 0 ;!0!0, -+0.11 ;1++0, -0.s1 ;01o, 0.19 ;00.,
1!+! ;.!, 1!1- ;1-+, 00! ;11o+, 0!- ;0!, 0!! ;01-,
-1.12 ;0+, 0.11 ;01+,
0+ ;10!, 01- ;01!,
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!!!- ;1.0, -1.1s ;0+1,
!-1! ;!!+, 0!. ;0+0, 0.0 ;0+-,
-22.12 ;.0, 0!o ;0.+, 00! ;010,
1+! ;11, 00 ;0!!,
-2.0+ ;0--, 0.1s ;0!-,
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1s.91 ;.1, 21.s2 ;-!, 11+ ;10!1, -0.8o ;0!o, 001 ;010,
1! ;!0o, 1.09 ;0o!,
11-o ;o., 1-o- ;1!00, 11! ;!., 10! ;0.o, 01! ;01!,
0! ;0, 00! ;01,
-1.09 ;0+-, 01. ;01!,
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+!0! ;!!1!, 011 ;0!!, 01! ;0+!,
18.82 ;o, 11 ;1!1, -2.s+ ;0, 00! ;010,
-2o.1+ ;10!, 0!! ;0o0, 0.1o ;00,
+1!o ;.+, 1!!+ ;11, -0.o8 ;0!o, 0.o2 ;010,
++.+2 ;!0!., 11+! ;1!.+, -+9.s1 ;1!0, -0.1+ ;0!, 01! ;01!,
1+o! ;1.o!, -! ;10!, -1.+1 ;0+0, 0.19 ;01.,
-u.1 .o) -1u.u1 o.o1) -22.o .o1) -u.o9 u.1o) u.1u u.u)
!0- ;1!1, 1!!! ;0!, .0- ;0, 1.19 ;01., 0.22 ;010,
u u u u u u u u u u
+! ;10o, +!. ;1.-., !-! ;!1., 1+1 ;11., 00- ;01-,
-.1 ;-o!, 1+1. ;1!, 01 ;0++, 00 ;0!!,
001 ;00, 0- ;!.0, 11.98 ;!, !+0 ;!-,
01+ ;0!0, +1! ;.o!, 28.0o ;--, 0+ ;+-.,
000 ;0!0, 1o+ ;+!-, +9.s0 ;!!, 0. ;+1,
00! ;00+, 2.+1 ;1!+, 8.++ ;!.0, 0o! ;1!+,
0!1 ;01+, -1.2s ;!!, 1+.10 ;+!0, +o ;+!+,
001 ;00, !! ;!!!, 10.1s ;+!, o. ;+!!,
-0.21 ;010, 0!0 ;!+0, !. ;1001, o!o ;!.0,
u u u u u u u u
0!. ;01+, 11.1o ;+., 0-+ ;111, !!! ;..o,
01 ;0!!, !o ;.o, 1+o ;1+o, 110 ;o.0,
-0.o+ ;0!0, .1! ;.+., 11.s1 ;10!!, .! ;!,
000 ;00, !-o ;!!, !-. ;o!1, .0. ;o.0,
01o ;01!, 10 ;!o-, 1o.2+ ;0., !0+ ;.00,
00. ;01-, 11.11 ;.!o, + ;!!, 10- ;.,
01- ;01., !1 ;+.o, 12.+1 ;.!, 1. ;!+!,
00 ;010, !-+ ;!-., !0 ;!., 0 ;!!!,
10 ;0o!, +s.8s ;-+, -os.9o ;!+,
00 ;010, 8.81 ;!.1, 11.89 ;+.., !!- ;!+,
00! ;011, !. ;+0o, 1+.! ;-, 1! ;o++,
001 ;00, +!- ;+!, ..! ;!o, 11- ;!-!,
00 ;01., +0o ;o0., s1.20 ;o.., o+ ;-10,
0!o ;0!0, 0-o ;+!, !. ;.+, 11. ;o1-,
-0.21 ;00-, s.0+ ;!+!, 9.+o ;+1., 0 ;!+,
00+ ;00o, !1 ;!+o, !o0 ;!!!, !-- ;.+,
01! ;010, +!1 ;+11, 22.+2 ;+o, !-o ;!o,
-0.18 ;00, !+0 ;!!, 1+.0+ ;+.o, -10.o+ ;+o0,
00. ;01!, ..- ;., 19.1+ ;., !0 ;o.0,
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-0.2o ;00-, 9.o8 ;!-+, 20.00 ;+!, 0 ;!!-,
u u u u u u u u
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01. ;01+, oo ;+!-, s2.19 ;o+, -01 ;oo1,
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Indice de acteurs iis au Indice de ia perception quònt Indice de Indice de
enseignants aectant ie cii- ies ches d`tabiissement du iàutonomie iàutonomie
mat de discipiine de i`tabiis- morai et de ièngagement des des enseignants
1
des tabiissements
1
sement
1
(oo.o.c 1. : o..) enseignants
1
(oo.o.c 1. : o..) (oo.o.c 1. : o..) (oo.o.c 1. : o..)
Indice dùtiiisation Indice des reiations Indice de ia discipiine Indice
de i`vaiuation inormeiie des entre ives.enseignants
1
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1
dèncouragement
1

ives
1
(oo.o.c 1. : o..) (oo.o.c 1. : o..) (oo.o.c 1. : o..) (oo.o.c 1. : o..)
8.11 ;!1, 1.00 ;!!-, -s.o1 ;!1!, 1+.12 ;+o0,
0! ;ooo, +1 ;.-!, -12.81 ;o.-, 18.+1 ;o.,
11.11 ;+o, .o1 ;+, !11 ;+1!, 111. ;o-,
1.11 ;1!, 0!o ;1.0, 1-- ;1!, 8.21 ;!!,
.-1 ;!.+, 0+- ;!0, .o! ;!-, !0+ ;++.,
0!o ;!1!, 9.o2 ;!., !! ;!1, 0o. ;!0!,
!- ;+!1, 1.11 ;!o, ..0 ;!., !o- ;!o!,
u u u u u u u u
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1- ;!1!, !!! ;+.o, 0o ;-., . ;1000,
!. ;.!o, 010 ;..-, !! ;.+-, -11 ;0.,
.o ;!-, !0 ;!-, !00 ;!o, o.1 ;o.1,
!o0 ;.!!, +1! ;!-+, 0 ;+.1, 1s.11 ;o+0,
12.s1 ;.0o, 1!- ;.o, ..0 ;.-, -00 ;+o,
0+0 ;+o., 9.0s ;!0, !!- ;!0!, .- ;.!o,
!.- ;!-!, 0o ;!o, 111 ;+!-, 00! ;+1!,
-+1.12 ;1!!, o0+ ;1!+!,
1+o ;!!-, 0!. ;!1., !.0 ;!-1, !- ;+++,
11.90 ;.!+, !.1 ;!.1, .! ;+.0, ! ;-11,
o0 ;+++, 1o- ;+o.,
0.- ;!, 11.89 ;.--,
111 ;-!, !+1 ;o!!, 1+1 ;+, 1!!- ;!-,
o.8s ;!o!, o.1s ;!1!, 1! ;!-0, 9.19 ;!!,
0 ;!0, !! ;!!, !. ;!+, 10 ;+.,
-. ;+.-, !o! ;+0, 1.1 ;+1-, 8.s8 ;!o,
1o.81 ;!.., +.! ;!.., 1o1 ;!o-, 0-1 ;!0!,
1 ;-, !o ;+oo, 10 ;+o, -11 ;.o,
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0- ;!.., 0!. ;!!, -10.18 ;+0!, 11.s8 ;!o,
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20.09 ;10, 1! ;o-, !00 ;.., !!1 ;0+,
-o.91 ;!o, -0 ;o1!, 19.11 ;+-!, o!! ;.0o,
!1 ;.!+, 11.20 ;+o!, -!! ;.-+, .-+ ;.!,
1-! ;!!, 2+.82 ;., 10. ;.!+, 1o.90 ;.,
0!1 ;1+, 18.09 ;!.., 9.12 ;!0, !+o ;!1,
1-0 ;!1., 1.1o ;!!, ooo ;!-, 11. ;!+o,
1. ;!!!, 28.s0 ;.!o, 1.0 ;..!, +! ;oo1,
0!- ;!., 10oo ;.o, o01 ;!1, -12.1s ;o!-,
u u 28.+9 ;!., -0+ ;++, 0! ;o0-,
!. ;+o-, 11.91 ;.!+, 10. ;o10, 0+ ;!!,
0- ;oo0, 11!o ;., 1o ;11+o, 11.20 ;o!,
+0+ ;+, 1011 ;!!, 2o.8o ;oo-, 1.! ;-!!,
0o! ;!1, 10.++ ;+0, !! ;!-, + ;.!!,
!+ ;.0-, +!+ ;1+, 11.21 ;.1!, 11- ;11!0,
0! ;+++, 11.+1 ;o!, 2o.80 ;o!+, o0 ;10.,
1- ;!!., 2s.+s ;.1., 11.so ;!-, 0!! ;!1,
1o0 ;!!!, .o! ;++0, 10.2s ;!o, 21.8+ ;!0,
10!! ;1!!, 011 ;!0!, 1!o ;!1.,
!- ;!!1, 2o.92 ;.o!, 0+o ;+!, 10.81 ;.1,
00- ;+-1, 29.09 ;11, !+1 ;o, -2o.s1 ;11-+,
11.oo ;+10, 11 ;o0., 0.- ;++,
!o ;o!!, -0 ;+--, 22.91 ;.!, 2o.11 ;10..,
.1 ;.1, 11.01 ;1!o0, 29.01 ;10o, 22.12 ;111+,
1.1+ ;1.., 0.1 ;!1+, 8.98 ;!1., 1o! ;!-,
0.! ;!!, 12.11 ;.!, 18.9+ ;+1+, o1 ;+-.,
! ;.!-, 11.12 ;++!, 10.00 ;!., -11.1s ;.!!,
!o1 ;!+, 19.08 ;o00, 1+.o1 ;+1., +1 ;!0,
1++ ;o, 20.00 ;-, !-- ;o., -+! ;-0o,
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0. ;!10, 11.+9 ;+-, -1+.10 ;+o., -o ;.+,
u u u u u u u u
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1+0 ;o0o, 18.1+ ;!, !1 ;o!!, . ;1!,
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et cuiturei (sIscj moyen de i`tabiissement
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1
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moyen Ir. t. ie sIsc moyen Ir. t. ie sIsc moyen Ir. t. ie sIsc moyen Ir. t. ie sIsc moyen Ir. t. ie sIsc
lcs coci|cic:ts c: g:s so:t sttistiqucuc:t sig:i|ctiis
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Indice de ia perception quònt Indice Indice des reiations Indice de ia discipiine
ies ches d`tabiissement du de iàutonomie entre ives. rgnant dans ies Indice
morai et de ièngagement des des tabiissements
1
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moyen Ir. t. ie sIsc moyen Ir. t. ie sIsc moyen Ir. t. ie sIsc moyen Ir. t. ie sIsc moyen Ir. t. ie sIsc
-- ;00+, 00 .o ;0!1, 0.+1 . ;01, 0.11 . ;00, 00 +- ;01!, 0.11
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- ;010, 00- +. ;01, 0.+0 !1 ;01o, 0.+9 !- ;00, 0.so + ;01!, 0.10
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t: o:cs ;ttistiquc :c, :c,
o|: cc o:g ;l:gugc Icsti:g c:viccs, l,sls,
Doui:iquc lio:ti:c ;u:ivc:sitc cc licgc :tIilu:,
lclgiquc,
li:|o li::|,l ;u:ivc:sitc cc ,vs|,l, li:l:cc,
\:ti:c kcuo:c ;l:stitut :tio:l cc kcc|c:c|c
lccgogiquc, l::cc,
Wolig:g c|:cicc: ;u:ivc:sitc cc Wu:z|u:g, Allcug:c,
k,o Wt:|c ;:tio:l l:stitutc io: lcuctio:l kcsc:c|,
o:,
'ROUPEDEXPERTSCHARGDESSCIENCES
W,::c l:lc: ;l:csicc:t, ;u:ivc:sitc cc l:istol,
ko,uucD:i,
lctc: lc:s|u ;u:ivc:sitc \o:s|, Aust:lic,
kul Ggli:ci ;u:ivc:sitc cc Gc:cvc, uissc,
vci: lic ;u:ivc:sitc c`slo, :o:vcgc,
\:i:cc l:c:zcl ;u:ivc:sitc cc licl, Allcug:c,
c:t A kizc: j:tio:l c:tc: io: lu:ovi:g cic:cc
lcuctio: ;:ll,, lttsD:is
Do:g|cc |i: ;u:ivc:sitc cc D:|oo|, o:cc,
lliz|ct| tgc ;u:ivc:sitc cc liio::ic, lttsD:is,
'ROUPEDECONSEILLERSTECHNIQUESDU0)3!
k, Acus ;Alk, Aust:lic,
lic::c lo, ;ttistiquc :c, :c,
Alctt G:is, ;lclgiquc,
l::, lccgcs ;u:ivc:sitc cc |icgo, lttsD:is,
lugc:c o|:so: ;Auc:ic: l:stitutcs io: kcsc:c|,
lttsD:is,
o|: cc o:g ;l:gugc Icsti:g c:viccs, l,sls,
A::lXl
!+!
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lcit| kust ;WlIAI, lttsD:is,
:o:u: Vc:|clst ;itog:oc, l,sls,
Dougls Willus ;u:ivc:sitc cu :ouvcul:u:swic|, :c,
#ONSORTIUM0)3!
!USTRALIAN#OUNCILFOR%DUCATIONAL2ESEARCH
k, Acus ;Di:cctcu: cc :o|ct cu o:so:tiuu llA,
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lus :stc:sc: ;:l,sc ccs co::ccs,
l,::c D:|i: ;ccvclocuc:t ccs tcsts cc lcctu:c,
l:i: Doig ;ccvclocuc:t ccs tcsts cc ut|cutiqucs,
Ac:i: l:vc,lcvis ;co:t:lc cc l qulitc ct
ccvclocuc:t ccs qucstio::i:cs,
lt|:,: lill ;ccvclocuc:t ccs tcsts cc lcctu:c,
o|: li:csc, ;ccvclocuc:t ccs tcsts cc ut|cutiqucs,
: lo|: ;co:t:lc cc l qulitc ct ccvclocuc:t
ccs oc:tio:s cc tc::i:,
lc Iu luc ;t:itcuc:t ccs co::ccs,
G:cg \cs|ill ;t:itcuc:t ccs co::ccs,
o, \cQucc: ;ccvclocuc:t ccs tcsts cc lcctu:c ct
:o:t,
G:, \:|s ;ccvclocuc:t ccs qucstio::i:cs,
ulicttc \c:cclovits ;ccvclocuc:t ccs tcsts cc lcctu:c
ct :o:t,
|:isti: \o:scu: ;Di:cctcu: cu o:so:tiuu llA ou:
lc t:itcuc:t ct l`:l,sc ccs co::ccs ct ou: lc co:t:lc
cc l qulitc,
G,l ò::o: ;ccvclocuc:t ccs tcsts cc scic:ccs,
All koutits|, ;t:itcuc:t ccs co::ccs,
Woli:u c|ulz ;:l,sc ccs co::ccs,
koss Iu::c: ;:l,sc ccs tcsts ct coo:ci:tio: cu :o:t,
:i|oli Voloci: ;t:itcuc:t ccs co::ccs,
:ig Willius ;t:itcuc:t ct :l,sc ccs co::ccs,
\:g:ct Wu ;Di:cct:icc cc :o|ct c|oi:tc cu
o:so:tiuu llA,
7%34!4
::c, lcwcll ;Di:cct:icc cu o:so:tiuu llA ou:
lcs oc:tio:s cc tc::i: ct lc co:t:lc cc l qulitc,
\i:g |c: ;cc|:tillo::gc ct o:cc:tio:,
l:: o|c: ;cc|:tillo::gc ct o:cc:tio:,
us: luss ;cc|:tillo::gc ct o:cc:tio:,
l:icc l:t ;cc|:tillo::gc ct o:cc:tio:,
|:o: li:|,s|i ;cc|:tillo::gc ct o:cc:tio:,
|cil l:wc|u| ;cc|:tillo::gc ct o:cc:tio:,
Dw:c \oo:c ;oc:tio:s cc tc::i: ct co:t:lc
cc l qulitc,
l|u :gu,c: ;cc|:tillo::gc ct o:cc:tio:,
\o:i| lctc:s ;oc:tio:s cc tc::i: ct co:t:lc
cc l qulitc,
\c:l ko|i:so: ;oc:tio:s cc tc::i: ct co:t:lc
cc l qulitc,
lcit| kust ;Di:cctcu: cu o:so:tiuu llA ou:
l`cc|:tillo::gc ct l o:cc:tio:,
lcslic Wllcc ;cc|:tillo::gc ct o:cc:tio:,
Di::c Wls| ;oc:tio:s cc tc::i: ct co:t:lc cc l qulitc,
I:cvo: Willius ;ccvclocuc:t ccs qucstio::i:cs,
#ITOGROEP
tcvc: l||c: ;ccvclocuc:t ccs tcsts cc scic:ccs,
l:t lossc:s ;ccvclocuc:t ccs tcsts cc lcctu:c,
I:uus Dcc|c: ;ccvclocuc:t ccs tcsts cc ut|cutiqucs,
l:: v: lcst ;ccvclocuc:t ccs tcsts cc lcctu:c
ct co:t:lc cc l qulitc,
lccs lgc:w:c ;ccvclocuc:t ccs tcsts cc ut|cutiqucs,
Gc:|c: v: lc:t ;ccvclocuc:t ccs tcsts cc
ut|cutiqucs,
lco cc koo ;ccvclocuc:t ccs tcsts cc scic:ccs,
\:i v: Ioo: ;ssist:cc cui:ist:tivc ct co:t:lc
cc l qulitc,
:o:u: Vc:|clst ;co:scil tcc|:iquc ct :l,sc ccs co::ccs,
%DUCATIONAL4ESTING3ERVICE
l:wi: li:sc| ;ccvclocuc:t ccs tcsts cc lcctu:c,
!UTRESEXPERTS
o:cul A:tclt ;ccvclocuc:t ccs qucstio::i:cs,
\:c Dcucusc ;co:t:lc cc l qulitc,
l::, G:zc|oou ;ccvclocuc:t ccs qucstio::i:cs,
Alctt G:is, ;co:scil tcc|:iquc, :l,sc ccs co::ccs,
t:cuctio: ct ccvclocuc:t ccs qucstio::i:cs,
Do:lc li:sc| ;:ccctio: ct :cvisio:,
ulcs lcsc|: ;ccvclocuc:t ccs qucstio::i:cs,
l:ic| kuscic: ;ccvclocuc:t ccs qucstio::i:cs,
Gu:cul c|uucl ;ccvclocuc:t ccs qucstio::i:cs,
\:icA:c:cc ouc:s ;:l,sc ccs co::ccs ct :o:t,
lctc: utto: ;:ccctio: ct :cvisio:,
kic| Io|i: ;ccvclocuc:t ccs qucstio::i:cs ct :o:t,
Dougls Willus ;ccvclocuc:t ccs qucstio::i:cs,
:l,sc ccs co::ccs ct :o:t,
LES DITIONS DE L'OCDE, 2, rue Andr-Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16
IMPRIM EN FRANCE
(96 2001 14 2 P) ISBN 92-64-29671-9 n 52232 2001

Pisa 2000

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#ONNAISSANCESETCOMPTENCES

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de i`crit mathmatique scientique

de i`crit mathmatique scientique

comprhension de i`crit mathmatique scientique seion ies perormances en comprhension de i`crit

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de i`crit mathmatique scientique

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