GRAMMAIRE ANGLAISE RAPPELS Mme PHILIPON

I LES NOMS ET LES ARTICLES

On distingue 2 catgories de noms:
- Les dnombrables: les mots qui dsignent des choses quon peut compter
Ex: dog, house, boy, dress 1 dog, 2 dogs, 3 dogs
- Les indnombrables: les mots qui dsignent des choses quon ne peut pas compter
Ex: blue, milk, happiness, beautyetc 2 milks , 3 happiness

Il existe 3 articles:
- Larticle indfini a ou an
- Larticle dfini the
- Larticle zro () (qui signifie: pas darticle!)

Quand utiliser quel article???

- a ou an semploie:
devant un nom dnombrable au singulier
(a si le nom commence par une consonne / an sil commence par une voyelle ou un h muet)
Ex: There is a mouse under your bed. / Do you have an umbrella?

- Larticle zro () semploie:
devant les noms dnombrables au pluriel (lorsquon parle en gnral ou de choses non spcifiques)
Ex: Children dont like spinach. Les enfants (en gnral) naiment pas les pinards.
Ex: Ive got dvds at home. Jai des dvds (je ne prcise pas lesquels).
devant la plupart des indnombrables (les couleurs, les noms propres, les jours de la semaine, les noms
abstraits, les villes etc)
Ex: Blue is my favourite colour. / I love Paris.

- Larticle the semploie:
devant un nom dnombrable singulier ou pluriel lorsquon renvoie quelque chose de spcifique,
quon dfinit, que tout le monde connat ou quon a dj prsent:
Ex: The dog I saw yesterday was so cute. (il ne sagit plus de nimporte quel chien mais du chien que jai vu hier)
Ex: The sky is blue. (le ciel est un lment connu de tous.)
Ex: Look! The table is dirty. (tout le monde voit la table)
----------------------------------------- EXERCICE -----------------------------------------
A Compltez cez phrases avec larticle qui convient.

1. She wants to buy _____________________________ yellow hat.
2. There are _____________________________ dogs in the garden.
3. She is _____________________________ American journalist.
4. The meeting is in _____________________________ hour.
5. _____________________________ baker wakes up earlier than a librarian.
6. I don't like _____________________________ tea.
7. _____________________________ tea is my favourite drink.
8. He wants to be _____________________________ actor.
9. Robots will probably replace _____________________________ men in 2050.
10. This famous sailor crossed _____________________________ Atlantic Ocean.
GRAMMAIRE ANGLAISE RAPPELS Mme PHILIPON

II LES PRONOMS SUJETS / COMPLEMENTS / POSSESSIFS
Le pronom sujet est sujet dune phrase ou dune proposition.
Ex: He is late. = Il est en retard (he est sujet)
Le pronom complment est soit complment dobjet direct, soit complment dobjet indirect, soit complment
prpositionnel.
Ex: I met them yesterday = Je les ai rencontrs hier (them est COD de met)
Ex: They went skiing with us. = ils sont alls skier avec nous. (us est complment de la preposition with)
Le pronom possessif se traduit par le mien, les ntres etc. ou par moi, toi etc.
Ex: These books are not yours = Ces livres ne sont pas toi / les tiens.
ATTENTION ne pas confondre avec ladjectif possessif qui exprime aussi la possession mais est suivi dun nom.
Ex: This is our dog. = Cest notre chien.

A Compltez cez phrases avec un pronom sujet ou un pronom complment.
1. John and Paul are good friends. play cards together.
2. Jennifer is a teacher. .. loves her job.
3. I don't like Kim and Sue. I don't want to see ...
4. We are very happy. Our friends invited .. to a party.
5. It is Mary's birthday. I am going to buy a present.
B Compltez ces phrases avec un adjectif possessif ou un pronom possessif.
1. Jack has two sisters. .. names are Jane and Judith.
2. Kate is not in my bedroom. She is in .
3. I love what you do! . paintings are beautiful.
4. She speaks English very well because mother is English.
5. We don't like their house, we prefer . .
6. Is that your hat? No, it is not . .
C Compltez avec hes (hes = he is / he has) ou his(son, sa, ses).
1. Im angry because as usual . late.
2. .. got a motorbike but he cant drive it because parents think its dangerous.
Pronom sujet Pronom complment Adjectif possessif
Pronom possessif
I
je
me
m / me
moi
my
Mon, ma,
mes
mine
Le(s) mien(s), la
mienne / les
miennes
you
tu
you
t / te
toi
your
Ton, ta,
tes
yours
Le tien, la tienne
etc
he
il
him
le / l
lui
his
Son, sa
ses
his
Le sien, la
sienneetc
she
elle
her
la / l/
lui / elle
her
Son, sa,
ses
hers
Le sien, la
sienneetc
it
= il / elle
pour le non-humain it

le / la / l / lui
its
Son, sa
ses
its
Le sien, la
sienneetc
we
nous
us
nous
our
notre
nos
ours
Le ntre, la
ntreetc
you
vous
you
vous
your
votre
vos
yours
Le vtre, la
ntreetc
they
ils / elles
them
Les / leur
eux / elles
their
leur
leurs
theirs
Le leur, la
leuretc.
GRAMMAIRE ANGLAISE RAPPELS Mme PHILIPON

III LES PRONOMS REFLECHIS et RECIPROQUES
Les pronoms rflchis sont les suivants:
- Myself
- Yourself
- himself, herself, itself
- ourselves
- yourselves
- themselves

Ils sont employs lorsqu' une mme personne est la fois sujet et objet de l'action.
On pourra les traduire en franais par moi-mme, toi-mme, nous-mmes ou par des verbes pronominaux
(ex: se regarder, se laver etc.)

Ex: I cut myself while shaving. Je me suis coup en me rasant.
Ex: Dont worry, Ill do it myself. Ne tinquite pas, je vais le faire moi-mme.

Les pronoms rciproques sont les suivants:
- each other
- one another

Ils se distinguent des pronoms rflchis en ce que l'action a lieu entre deux personnes (each other) ou plus (one
another). On pourra les traduire en franais par lun lautre ou simplement par un verbe pronominal:
- Ex: Emma and Carl smiled at each other. = Emma et Carl se sourirent. (Ils se sourirent lun lautre)
- Ex: Tom and Paula love each other. = Tom et Paula saiment. (dun amour rciproque)

ATTENTION NE PAS CONFONDRE:
They looked at each other. = Ils se regardrent (lun lautre).
They looked at themselves in the mirror. = Ils se regardrent dans le miroir. (chacun regarde son proper reflet!).

---------------------------------------- EXERCICE ---------------------------------------

Compltez les phrases avec un pronom rflchi ou un pronom rciproque:
1. That girl never controls _____________________________.
2. My son and my daughter are very fond of _____________________________.
3. I think you and I have learned a lot about _____________________________ in this session.
4. Charles and Karen had an accident and hurt _____________________________.
5. He looked at _____________________________ in the mirror.
6. I painted the house all by _____________________________.
7. Jenny and Terry have been writing to _____________________________ for a long time.
8. All the members of the family looked at _____________________________.
9. She has accustomed _____________________________ to that food.
10. We promised _____________________________ a good holiday next year.
11. The door seemed to open all by _____________________________
12. We prepared _____________________________ for the long journey ahead.
13. Did you amuse _____________________________ last night ?
14. I've bought _____________________________ a new car.
15. Nathalie and I have known _____________________________ for years.
GRAMMAIRE ANGLAISE RAPPELS Mme PHILIPON

IV LES ADJECTIFS
Ce quil faut savoir:

1) Ladjectif se place toujours devant le nom qu'il qualifie.
She has a red hat and a blue scarf. ( red est avant hat et blue est avant scarf )
2) Ladjectif est invariable. Cela veut dire quil ne change pas mme si le nom est au fminin ou au pluriel.

You can choose between three different options. ( different na pas de s mme si options est
au pluriel)

3) Sil y a plusieurs adjectifs, je suis cet ordre l (plus ladjectif est subjectif plus il est loign du nom):
1- Opinion (ex: interesting, boring, funnyetc)
2- Taille (big, large, tall etc)
3- ge (young, old, 6 year old etc)
4- Couleur (blue, red, )
5- Origine / nationalit (French, Japanese)
6- Matriau (plastic, woodenetc)
7- NOM
Ex: I met a weird old man yesterday. (opinion / ge / nom)
Ex: I bought a small black woollen jacket. (taille / couleur / matriau / nom)
---------------------------------------- EXERCICES ---------------------------------------
Barrez les groupes nominaux grammaticalement incorrects:
Ex: a car big / a big car / a big blue car
1 three youngs boys / a new car / an old tree
2 a happy man / an Italian amazing restaurant / a scary old house
3 a beautiful red bird / comfortables shoes / a bratty rich kid
4 a mother loving and caring / an incredible story / a funny six-year-old boy

Utilisez les adjectifs inscrits dans les ptales pour complter les groupes nominaux ci-dessous:

1 a __________________ ____________________ dog
2 a __________________ ___________________ _____________________ dog
3 a __________________ _____________________ dog

Remettez les mots dans le bon ordre pour former une phrase:
1. live | nice | We | in | house. | a | old | ..
2. story. | frightening | It | short | a | is |
3. light | a | I | bought | T-shirt | beautiful | blue ..
4. is | a | girl. | Mary | think | I | little | sweet | .
5. days. | good | old | thinking | of | She | the | is |
GRAMMAIRE ANGLAISE RAPPELS Mme PHILIPON

V LE PRESENT SIMPLE
Comment le former?
On conserve linfinitif auquel on rajoute s la 3me personne du singulier (he, she, it).
Attention: si linfinitif se termine par y, la 3me personne du singulier on met ies.
Et si linfinitif se termine par o, la 3me personne du singulier on met oes.

Work (travailler)
I work
You work
He / She / It works
We work
You work
They work
Carry (porter)
I carry
You carry
He / She / It carries
We carry
You carry
They carry
Go (aller)
I go
You go
He / she / it goes
We go
You go
They go

BE et HAVE: deux exceptions

Be (tre)
I am
You are
He / She / It is
We are
You are
They are

Have (avoir)
I have
You have
He / she / it has
We have
You have
They have
Dans quels cas utilise-t-on le prsent simple?

- pour noncer une vrit gnrale ou pour noncer des faits objectifs
Ex: Women live longer than men.
Ex: Lions are mammals.
Ex: The bus stops at the airport.

- pour dcrire une action habituelle qui se rpte.
Ex: I play tennis twice a week.
Ex: She goes to school by bus every day.

- avec des verbes dopinion, de got, de croyance (believe, hate, like, mean, doubt, etc.).
Ex: I believe I can fly.
Ex: He hates romantic movies.







Quelques mots qui expriment la frquence et quon trouve la plupart du temps avec le prsent simple:
- Every day = tous les jours
- Once / twice / three times a week = une fois, deux fois, trois fois par semaine
- Usually = dhabitude
- Most of the time = la plupart du temps
- Often = souvent
- Rarely = rarement
- Always = toujours
- Never = jamais
GRAMMAIRE ANGLAISE RAPPELS Mme PHILIPON

VI LE PRESENT CONTINU ou BE + ING
Comment le former?
Avec lauxiliaire tre conjugu au prsent + linfinitif auquel on rajoute ing
Attention, si linfinitif se termine par un e muet, le e disparat lorsquon rajoute ing.

Listen (couter)
I am listening
You are listening
He / she / it is listening
We are listening
You are listening
They are listening

Cry (pleurer)
I am crying
You are crying
He / she / it is crying
We are crying
You are crying
They are crying

Smile (sourire)
I am smiling
You are smiling
He / she / it is smiling
We are smiling
You are smiling
They are smiling
Dans quels cas utilise-t-on le prsent continu?

- pour parler dune action qui se passe en ce moment
Ex: Sorry I cant answer the phone, Im doing my homework.
Ex: Are you listening?

- pour dcrire une situation, une image
The man is wearing a black shirt and blue trousers.
The woman is talking to him.
---------------------------------------- EXERCICE ------------------------------------------
Conjuguez les verbes entre parenthses au prsent simple ou prsent continu.
1. They ________________________ (study) at the moment.
2. At the moment, he ______________________ (learn) German for his job.
3. We usually _________________________ (take) a taxi to go to work.
4. How often _________________________ (you go) to the swimming-pool?
5. The cinema ____________________________ (close) at 7 pm.
6. Look! She _______________________________ (watch) TV.
7. Courses generally ____________________________ (begin) on the third of September.
8. When ______________________________ (he arrive) home in the evenings?
9. What ____________________________ (you/read) at the moment?
10. They ______________________ (not/live) in Washington; they _______________ (live) in New York.
11. We usually _______________________ (take) a taxi to go to work.
12. It ______________________ (work). I think it's broken.
13. He ____________________________ (not/get up) early on Mondays.
14. I _________________________ (not/believe) in witches.
15. The Sun's rays _________________________ (take) eight minutes to reach the Earth.

GRAMMAIRE ANGLAISE RAPPELS Mme PHILIPON

VII LE PRESENT PERFECT
Comment le former?
Avec lauxiliaire avoir conjugu au prsent + le participe pass (= linfinitif auquel on rajoute ed)

EX: Cook (cuisiner)
I have cooked
You have cooked
He / She / It has cooked
We have cooked
You have cooked
They have cooked

ATTENTION cependant, beaucoup de participes passs sont irrguliers. Pour les connatre je vous renvoie la 3me
colonne des verbes irrguliers . (Vous trouverez une liste des verbes irguliers la page suivante).

EX: Take (prendre) est irrgulier: TAKE / TOOK / TAKEN
I have taken
You have taken
She / She / It has taken
We have taken
You have taken
They have taken
Dans quels cas utilise-t-on le present perfect?

- lorsquon sintresse au rsultat prsent (ou aux consquences) dune action pass
Ex: You dont have to wash the dishes. I have done it already!
Ex: Im sorry but I cant come tonight. I have invited my brother for dinner.

- lorsquune action qui a commenc dans le pass continue dans le prsent
Ex: We have been together for 3 years now. (= a fait 3ans quon est ensemble)
Ex: She has always hated cheese. (=elle a toujours dtest le fromage)









Voici quelques mots que lon trouve souvent avec du present perfect:
- Just The plane has just landed. (vient daterrir)
- Not yet I havent finished my homework yet. (pas encore)
- Never I have never been to Australia. (jamais)
- Its the first time Its the first time I have travelled on my own. (cest la premire fois que)
GRAMMAIRE ANGLAISE RAPPELS Mme PHILIPON

VIII LE PRETERIT (ou SIMPLE PAST)
Comment le former?
On rajoute la terminaison ed la fin de linfinitif.
Ex: want (vouloir) I wanted (au prtrit)

ATTENTION cependant:
- Si un verbe se termine par e, on ajoute seulement d: Ex: like (aimer) I liked (au prtrit)
- Si un verbe se termine par c, on ajoute ked: Ex: panic (paniquer) I panicked (au prtrit)
- Si un verbe se termine par y, y devient i et est suivi de ed: Ex: cry (pleurer) I cried (au prtrit)
- Si un verbe se termine par une consonne + voyelle + consonne, la dernire consonne est double:
Ex: stop (sarrter) I stopped (au prtrit)

ATTENTION galement: de nombreux verbes sont irrguliers! Voici une liste des principaux connatre par coeur!!!

Infinitif Prtrit Participe
pass
Traduction
be
become
was/were
became
been
become
tre
devenir
begin began begun commencer
break broke broken casser
bring brought brought apporter
build built built construire
buy bought bought acheter
catch caught caught attraper
come came come venir
choose chose chosen choisir
do did done faire
draw drew drawn dessiner
drive drove driven conduire
eat ate eaten manger
fall fell fallen tomber
feel felt felt ressentir
fight fought fought combattre
find found found trouver
forget forgot forgotten oublier
get got got obtenir
give gave given donner
go went gone aller
have had had avoir
hear heard heard entendre
hit hit hit frapper
keep kept kept garder
know
lead
Knew
led
Known
led
Connatre
Guider,dirige
leave left left partir

Infinitif Prtrit Participe
pass
Traduction
lose lost lost perdre
make made made faire
mean meant meant signifier
meet met met rencontrer
put put put mettre
read read read lire
ring rang rung sonner
run ran run courir
see saw seen voir
sell sold sold vendre
send
shine
Sent
shone
Sent
shone
Envoyer
briller
show showed shown montrer
sing sang sung chanter
sit sat sat etre assis
sleep slept slept etre debout
speak spoke spoken parler
stand stood stood tre debout
strike struck struck frapper
swim swam swum nager
take took taken prendre
Teach taught taught enseigner
tell told told dire
think thought thought penser
understand
understood understood
comprendre
wake woke woken rveiller
wear wore worn porter
win won won gagner
write wrote written crire

GRAMMAIRE ANGLAISE RAPPELS Mme PHILIPON

LE PRETERIT (ou SIMPLE PAST) (suite)

Dans quels cas utilise-t-on le prtrit?

- Pour dcrire un fait pass / une action rvolue
Ex: The Germans lost the war in 1945.
Ex: My parents divorced last year.
Ex: It rained this morning. ( Il a plu ce matin: il ne pleut plus maintenant.)

- Pour dcrire une habitude qui se rptait dans le pass.
Ex: I took the bus every day when I was in middle school.
Ex: I usually had toasts for breakfast when I was a kid.

- Aprs if pour imaginer une hypothse (pas ralisable):
Ex: If I lived in Mexico I would not eat anything because I hate spices.
Ex: If I had a lot of money, I would give some to charity associations.

- Aprs I wish lorsquon veut dire jaimerais ou je regrette:
Ex: I wish I could fly. (jamerais pouvoir voler)
Ex: I wish he had told me before. (=je regrettte quil ne me lait pas dit plus tt)
---------------------------------------- EXERCICES ----------------------------------------
1. Mettre ces phrases au prtrit.

1. She eats all the chocolates. _______________________________________________________________________
2. They go to the bus stop. _________________________________________________________________________
3. He reads a book. _______________________________________________________________________________
4. We have to clean the car. ________________________________________________________________________
5. She is fifteen years old. __________________________________________________________________________
6. They live in London. ____________________________________________________________________________
7. I dont have a bicycle. ___________________________________________________________________________
8. They study a novel by Henry James. ________________________________________________________________
9. The door is closed. _____________________________________________________________________________
10. I cant speak. _________________________________________________________________________________
2. Conjuguez les verbes entre parenthses au prtrit ou au present perfect. Choisissez le temps qui convient.
1. I (lose) my keys. Im stuck outside.
2. I .. (know) Julie for ten years. Shes still a very good friend.
3. I wish I (be) a good singer.
4. The baby (stop) crying when his parents arrived.
5. I .. just (miss) the train : please tell the teacher Ill be late !
GRAMMAIRE ANGLAISE RAPPELS Mme PHILIPON

IX Lexpression du futur
En anglais, contrairement au franais, il nexiste pas de temps futur. Il existe nanmoins plusieurs faons de
renvoyer lavenir:
Les 3 faons les plus courantes sont dutliser:
- WILL + base verbale
- BE GOING TO
- Ou le Present Continu BE + ING

Quand choisir lune ou lautre de ces options?
WILL (ll) BE GOING TO BE+ ING
= si la dcision est prise sur le moment
EX: I forgot to buy some milk!
Ill go and get you some if you like.

= pour prdire quelque chose
indpendamment de la situation
prsente
EX: Perhaps I will see her next week.
= si la dcision a t prise avant le
moment o on parle
EX: Ive made up my mind: Im going
to break up with Tim.

= pour prdire quelque chose partir
de ce quon voit ou de ce quon sait
EX: The clouds are dark, its probably
going to rain.
= si lvnement dont on parle
est dj planifi
Ex: Shes not coming tomorrow
night, shes not feeling well.


Voici quelques autres expressions qui permettent de renvoyer lavenir:

- BE TO sutilise pour indiquer que quelque chose est prvu
Ex: The plane is to land at 8PM . (Lavion doit atterrir 8h. cest prvu.)

- BE ABOUT TO sutilise pour dire que quelque chose est sur le point de se produire
Ex: The show is about to start. (Le spectacle va commencer il est sur le point de commencer / cest imminent)

---------------------------------------- EXERCICE ----------------------------------------
Mettre les phrases au futur. Choisir entre WILL, BE GOING TO, et le prsent BE + ING.

1. Tony ______________________________ a friend tomorrow.(meet)
2. I think it ______________________________ soon.(snow)
3. Perhaps I ______________________________ New York one day.(visit)
4. What time _____________________________________________ tomorrow?(leave/you)
5. Who __________________________________________________ the next World Cup? (win)
6. I'm sure you ______________________________ the exam next week. (not fail)
7. I ______________________________ my parents at the week-end. (visit)
8. If you touch that dog it ______________________________ you. (bite)
9. They ______________________________ for a meal tonight.(come)
10. Look at those clouds, it ______________________________ .(rain)
GRAMMAIRE ANGLAISE RAPPELS Mme PHILIPON

IX Would
En anglais le modal would suivi de linfinitif (sans to) sert former le conditionnel.
Ex: I would love to be a pilot. = jadorerais tre un pilote
Ex: If I had a lot of money, I would buy a house. = si javais beaucoup dargent jachterais une maison
Ex: They would come if they could. = Ils viendraient sils le pouvaient
Ex: Would you like to live in China? = Aimerais-tu vivre en Chine?

Pour exprimer le conditionnel on peut galement utiliser la forme contracte de would d.
Ex: Id love to be a pilot. = jadorerais tre un pilote

ATTENTION: would prend un sens diffrent dans certaines expressions:
I would rather ou Id rather = je prfrerais / jaimerais mieux
You would better ou youd better = tu ferais mieux de

ATTENTION galement: would est aussi le pass de will.

EX: I know he will come. Au pass: I knew he would come. (=je savais quil viendrait)


---------------------------------------- EXERCICE ----------------------------------------

Traduire les phrases suivantes.

1. Jadorerais venir mais je suis dsol, je ne peux pas.


2. Je prfrerais faire de la musique que des maths le mercredi aprs-midi.


3. Si javais le permis jirais travailler en voiture.


4. Tu ferais mieux de te mler de ce qui te regarde.


5. Quest-ce que tu aimerais avoir pour Nol?


GRAMMAIRE ANGLAISE RAPPELS Mme PHILIPON

X La ngation
1. Avec be, must, can, could, will, would, should, may et might
+ have mais uniquement lorsquutilis comme auxiliaire ou dans lexpression have got:

On utilise not pour former la ngation, quon place aprs lauxiliaire ou le modal:
Ex: She is not a witch. (ou She isnt a witch)
Ex: You should not talk like this. (ou You shouldnt talk like this)
Ex: They were not invited. (ou They werent invited.)
Ex: We have not been to Australia. (we havent been to Australia)
Ex: I havent got a car.

2. Avec tous les autres verbes
+ have mais uniquement lorsquil sagit du verbe ou dans lexpression have to:

on utilise do (que lon conjugue) + NOT + linfinitif sans to
Ex: I do not want to come (I dont want to come)
Ex: She does not like chocolate. (She doesnt like chocolate)
Ex: He did not arrive on time. (he didnt arrive on time)
Ex: I do not have many friends. (I dont have many friends)
Ex: I did not have to attend this class. (I didnt have to attend this class.)


---------------------------------------- EXERCICE ----------------------------------------

Mettre ces phrases la forme ngative.
a- The movie was funny. _______________________________________________________________________
b- Weve washed the car. _______________________________________________________________________
c- He took my wallet. __________________________________________________________________________
d- There are many birds in this garden. ____________________________________________________________
e- She woke up early. __________________________________________________________________________
f- I have many books at home. __________________________________________________________________
g- Theyve got many friends. ____________________________________________________________________
h- They run fast. ______________________________________________________________________________
i- I have to wake up at 9 tomorrow. ______________________________________________________________