TD PHYSIQUE QUANTIQUE N 1 : schma de correction

I.

BASE ORTHONORME

1. ou bien h |i = h i h1| + h2| h3|

| | |2i + |3i i

= [i h1| + h2|
h3|] [ |2i + |3i] = [0 + 1 1] = 0

0

ou bien h|i = [i ] = 0

0
0
2. h |i = 3 ||2 = = ei / 3 (0 rel). h |i = 2 ||2 = = ei / 2 ( 0 rel).

3. |i = a |1i + b |2i + c |3i h|i = (0 + b + c) = 0 = c = b

a

h |i = [i 1 1] b = (ia + b + b) = 0 = b = ia/2

b
r

a 2 a 2 3
2
6 0
0
0


2
2
= eia
(a rel)
h |i = |a| + + = |a| = 1 = |a| = eia
2
2
2
3
3
0
ei
1
|i = (2 |1i + i |2i i |3i) (0 rel) ; par exemple |i = (2i |1i + |2i |3i)
6
6
II.

TUDE DUN OPRATEUR

D E
D E
2
e
e
e
e = |2|2 + |i|2 = 5
= (2 i)
= 5 ou bien
i

0
1 2
ei 2
h|i =
ou
, 0 rel.
5 i
5 i
D E

e
e = (1 i 1 + i) 1 + i = 4

1i

0
D E
ei 1 + i
1 1+i
e
2
2
e
ou
, 0 rel.
ou bien = |1 + i| + |1 i| = 4 ; h|i =
2 1i
2 1i
1
1. h| A |i = (1 + i) = h| A |i .
2 5

1/ 5
2/ 5
2. |4i =
; |1i = ; h4| 1i = 0
2i/ 5
i/ 5
P
P
3. Dans la base {|1i , |2i}, |i h| =bI2 , |i h| = A

4 0
P
P

Dans la base {|4i , |1i}, |i h| =bI2 (videmment) , |i h| =

0 1
(videmment)
1

4. Les valeurs possibles dune mesure de A sont 4 et 1 de probabilits respectives

P4 = |h4|ni|2 , P1 = |h1|ni|2 avec n = 1, 2.

Deux possibilits qui donnent les mmes rsultats :

1/2
Ou bien i) on calcule hn| A |ni puis A|ni = hn| A2 |ni hn| A |ni2
P
P
P
2
2
ou bien ii) on calcule P puis
P

(
P
)

2
1
1
4
a) P4 = |h4|1i|2 = = , P1 = |h1|1i|2 = =
5
5
5
5

2
i) h1| A |1i = 0, h1| A |1i = 4, A|1i = 4 0 = 2
4
1
ii) h1| A |1i = P4 (4) + P1 (1) = 4 + (1) = 0
5
5
1
4
2
2
2
h1| A |1i = P4 (4) + P1 (1) = 16 + 1 = 4 : mmes rsultats
5 5
2

i 2 1
2i
4
b) P4 = |h4|2i|2 = = , P1 = |h1|1i|2 = =
5
5
5
5

2
2
i) h2| A |2i = 3, h2| A |2i = 13, A|2i = 13 3 = 2 (cest une concidence)
1
4
ii) h2| A |2i = P4 (4) + P1 (1) = 4 + (1) = 3
5
5
4
1
2
2
2
h2| A |2i = P4 (4) + P1 (1) = 16 + 1 = 13 : mmes rsultats
5
5
III.

COMMUTATION DOPRATEURS

1. Oui

1 0 0
1 0 0

2. HB = BH ; H = ~ 0 1 0 , B = b 0 1 0 par rapport la base

0 0 1
0 0 1

|2i + |3i |2i |3i

|1i ,
,
2
2
3. {H} ; non, {B} : non, {H, B} : oui, {H 2 , B} : non.