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1 2 3
4 5
6
BLAIR'S
CANADIAN
DRAWING
SERIES.
V
AUTHORISED BY THE
> COUNCIL OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. BRITISH COLUMBIA
BOOK 2 JUNIOR
GRADE.
DAVID BLAIR,
Science and Art Master
Normal School, Vancouver, British Columbia
PRIIITED AND PUBLISHED BV
THE COPP-CL/JRKCOA\P/INY- LI/AITED TO^OHTO
Price lO cents.
BLAIR'S
CANADIAN DRAWING SERIES
SECOND EDITION
Thii anr Editioa of Ih* Aothorlatd Dnwiac Books for
Brituh Cdiabta haa bMO pnpwsd bj diractioa of the CoucU
of Public laslractioa. It will bo found that tho fonacr Kopo
of Frcehaad and Geometrical Orawiii( haa bow cooaidefahlj
estcodod, and that two new SectiooaCaloor and Oaaicn-
hao boi
The foUewlac is a iTnopsis of the work to bo taken in all
Krades:
I. Fnthand OraivZ/ig :Ecclaaifely from cemmoa ol^ects
and objects of Natural Histonr. Flesible point practice- brush
drawiacis to accogqiany that with the firm or ripd point
peacil, pen and tibaOc Hemorr drawinc^ Drawing on the
Blackboard.
3. Intmnilut Onuimg or Ots^n as applied to decoration.
Letters and Nui..erals.
3. Cohur as related to both the foiegoinc sections : nameljr,
reprcseatatiTS and decoratiTe work.
4. Praetloal Otomttry aa related to Science and Art
The Examples gina in these books are net to be copied.
They are suKgestiTe both as regards the material to be oaed for
study snd the manner of its representation, and thtj may be
taken in aaj order.
117 thanks sre dne to Mr.
J.
Kjit, A.Ii.C.A., Su|y or
of Drawing in the Vancouver Public Schools, for se*eral
important suggestions in connoctioa with the work.
PaOTOQuii Hmufu Soaooii,
Tamootie. B.C.,
Otmttr, ttOT.
DAVID I.AIN.
CONTENTS OF BOOK 2
Freehand from Ob
j
ects ~
^ 4, 7. 11, 19, so
Freehand from Natare
^~'
.
-
3. & 9i 13. & '7
DecoratiTe Dsaiga
, t. is, 14. 14
Geometrical -.....
jg |^, ji
Frcearm Drawings
a.
Lettering ...
,|, ^
Brash Drawing
1, a
INSTRUCTIONS*
FREEHAND FROM OBJECTS :-
Ptnoll Drawing. In this book simple objects an to be placed so that
foraabortening is involTed. After a light pencil outline i* correctlj made.
the drawing is to be finished in color as in Book 1.
FREEHAND PROM NATURE. Spaclmena of a sUghtly mere
advanced character than formerly ore to be used. All freehand work b to
be finished in color with a suiuble background.
BRUSH DRAWING. In addition to the former mass drawing,
which is to be continued, much mote attention and time must be given to
the use or the brush as an instrnmsnt for the represenUtion of form. See
Example i. Instsad of the "imprassioos," book i, where a fairly fuU
brush of colour is simply pressed down on the paper and raised, the brush
is now to be moved on the paper before it is raised, so that a parallel or
tapering form either straight or curved is obtained, see Figs, i to 5. K
the forms i, a, 3 are to be large, or the lines 4 and
s
err to be thick, it will
be necessary, especially with a small brush, to go over the required form
several tiass, in fact both sides of it must be drawn exactly aa if a paocil
wan being used. Tide is brash drawing purs and simple no lines of
course being used.
This work is to be practised frequently during the term, aa it ia moat
important and somewhat diOcult. It may with advantage be done in an
ordinary scribbler or on foolscap before the work is fit to appear in the
I awing book. The paper must be quite flat, that is. without folds or
creaaes The circles, fig. 5, are to be csreidlly drawn, even the small ones.
FREEARM DRAWING on the blackboard with chalk la intended to
develop freedom of execution, together with judgment of distance. Stand
at anna' length from the board. Do not make yoar drawing too high
or low but about opposite your shoulder. Keep the wrist rigid, the free
movement is mainly from the shoulder, and in a less dfgrec from the elbow.
Th l'"nictlon In B<iok I tn la b lraquanU;~nviMd when thr Voik oTthiilrooit ii
heioic ofttrleu on.
(CoHtinuttd 91 fiagi 3 of Cot**.t
ta At of Un PwUauat o( Owulm la Uh yiai ooa tkooaud nin hiudnd aod mo
,
'7 Tsi Oorr, Ouh Co.. Lonru, Toroslo, Io Uu Oflo* of Um HUiMn ot A(rloaltara.
8KC0N0 BOOK BRUSH DRAWINQ ND OESIQN EXAMPLE 1
^
:
X-i-X-rX-i-X
MMXii^^
'vwri-v - '
-.t^iK
10
rLTLTU m^m^^^
^?r-'^ Ti^t*-J^^^
1. i AMi'i.Ki* OF IiKi>*H Df .wim;. FiirnrcH I tn 6 wli"iil.l Im' iircti<-<l fn-ijiit'titly 'lurinj; thu
term. \n [K'mil tt l' Iw UMtl, hihI tin- ikijmt i? nt to Vm- niiMi>l aUiut. Stiuly hriwh tlrawiri!^ notes
on iKti^t' "2 of the niviT. Fi;^iHfs t( to 13 are suggentivr (Ie*>igiifi fur IxmlerB, an<l aro rtfurrttl to in the
design iiott'H dd the cover.
Camao^an Dnawin>3 Scnics C". CWAW- CO^ b<MtT|B, To*TB
lOONO lOOK
MASS DRAWINQ WITH BRUSH KXAMPLI a
CAIR'B CANALilAN OHAWINO SCRICS
2, KXAMM.I.S Of Ma> Dkawiv.i Willi TiiK 1!ki Hii ,
- FiKun-i 1 unci 4 are -iiuplr !niv,> c.f
Uill.lw.i ,| lul l.iU-.'t, 4, .-1 re ,,/,/ l> n,., f Ii,li|.iuiii, \V..l.,irel, ,iMil (|..v.r li, T, N frnil
of riurii, I'lM. iul (tuk A linht iMii.il lini' iii.iv Iw k.l, h,-.! tu ih<li..iti, ih.. iiii.lnl. of tlic lv.itl.l,
unci 111.' .iiri.li.iii f tlif fiuit. Wli.ii fii-li ..|-iimiiiii .ai t ! iilitailiiil. Hiiii|>l.' u nii.ii i.l.j.itu
nmy Itt- u-<-il fur luji-i* tlniwin^ii.
Tm Cop*. CI.AN4 Co., limitbo tononto
SeOONO BOOK
PRKCHANO OHAWINa FROM NATURK EXAMPt i
:'1?W'''l
Vm
ffjmh
n
3. Plantain.Ot ioni' frcMili U'uvcn ami a apiko of floweni cr fniit. Make iutliii*> pencil
tlrawtiigi fro:. Seie, aiid luM the (olniir. A niaw^ drawing of It-af, wmti' Mmmon olijt-* . or hni"!'
tlnwiitH prjictice. rxamplt' 1, i* ftixi to be dunB on tltiw |K.yf.
Tmb Ca. CbAMN Co.- LiMi'Se. Tonvmt*
SECOND BOOK FREEHAND DRAWING FROM OBJECTS EXAMPLE 4
~i-
\ i /
a Canadian Oram
4. Fi,n\\KK-r(fT A ilrawiiii^ is tu Im- mailu fmm tiie nbjcit ami not fnini this exnni|ilf. The
sitiail tiizure on t!ie Ii ft b1h>ws huw the 'kct*-!! is enrniiieucril. The driiwin^ i to Ik; -ihudtil in colour
tint pfiii il. KiilitT a nli^s.^ dniwiiii; ir hnisli (Irawiiifj; iinurtiif is iiistii In Ihj duiie on this [':v't*-
MO Series Ccmm, Ci~*n< Cs.. Limitbd To-tostr^
SECOND BOOK FREEHAND DRAWING FROM NATURE EXAMPLE B
f
S. Onions.Do not copy thwe drawing! but work from specimens. Shade the onions in colour
not pencil Either a free&rm drawingexample 23, a maM drawing, or bmsh drawing practice is also
to be done on thia page.
Tmb copp. CkAMK Co.. LiMtTSD, TenoiTa
SECOND BOOK
DECORATIVE DESIGN -COLOUR EXAMPLE 6
k!R'9 Canadian omawino seni
6. Border.Finish the alwvo .lecign acrr) tho |ige with the 00 sct-sqaare. Tint with shaiU-
of one colour or uu iliffirent cnh.ura. Make another design of >"ur own on this page an<l eolour it.
.Itu.ly the lr(ler. Kxamplo" 1. '23. 24, toj-etht-r with the ilesign notci. on the r.iver.
Tmb Cop*, c^*"" Co.. Limitio. Toronto
SECOND BOOK FREEHAND DRAWING FROM OBJECTS
EXAMPLE 7
p^*S*'!^'''fP? ; Jf ^>: ^'^Tjw.;^,;:^
7. Ch \LR-Box.--Mftke two <IrawingH from the actwxl rh.ilk-lKn plactnl liefore you : one with a
corner tnwMnl ymi an<l the other with an i-n.l or side toMunls you. Uce yeHnw. rwl and a little hlack
to gvt tlie I'uUiur of the wo-mi. Some hnisli drawing prartice may also lie done ou ihif^ page
iLAIH-S CANADIAN DNAWINa SCRiCS
MB Copp. Ci.
SECOND BOOK
DECORATIVE DESIGN-COLOUR
EXAMPLE 8
I \
\. /
/
\-^
\/ \/ \/
V
\/
v
\
8 Draiuy. -Finuh the above dc-iiKn to the top of the pige with the 80 seHquare. Tint with
Bhde of one colour or with different colonn.. Mnke .lesion of your own on thi. page M-.d colour it.
Study the pattnu. Example 24, and the design notes on the cover.
BLAIIfa CANADIAN DHAWINO SERIES
The COffP, CbAfiN Co.. ^ifNiTEa, TonoNra
SECOND BOOK FREEHAND DRAWING FROM NATURE
EXAMPLE B
9. P*X8V.Get a panay orkome large simple iianlcn flow"r. Make an outline drawing in pencil
from it and aild the colour. Either a (reearm drawing, a n; isa drawing, or bruah drawing practice ia
alao to be done on this page.
Thc Ce^. CbAMK Co., U)Mii
SECOND BOOK GEOMETRICAL FIGURES TRIANGLES EXAMPLE 10
1 J 4 6
t
2 6 7 8
10. Thi> i.LFs.Tl* lullowiiiij imii(jl'S are to Imj diiiwii
111 lliu .il..,v, -. a U< Liiu iMiiutti,.^ t^U^^~'.-,^K. ICl-i.ilni: -!.
1. E'iHiiat''r<tl triaii'jlf on r. f^itic 5r.m. long.ii-.^'le^ of rii>
2. Anttther fHniil-ittT;il triaiijlc on :iii uliitu'le nf "i i-.ni.
long -two angles cf ;i( At tlie ajK-x.
lHi-*fflcM triaujjlLif, 3, 4. ami o, a.-e the tiirt-t- kiml:* of
JBoscelua triangl'f*.
X An ohlH-^e-au'jhil iyo-r. ;V (ritiii't^" Itise 5';.ni,, altitinle
2v.m.
4. J riiiht-an'jh'd i^mrdf* tnari-jl'- -haa-j 6 p.m., altitmlL-
3 cm. (Het-Mijii.iic of -i.'t).
bl-Am'S CANAOr^N DRAWtNO SERIES
Jii ii'-ul'-iVi'jh-il i^os'-ruM triaii'jfiliasc 4 -Uulr
Scaltnt! trianglen, <J, 7, ami H, are the three kinds of wHlt-m-
(!. All oUwtf-nitfj'nl "fahm (riawflehae 4 cm., .iltnucfc
"i [Mil., tilt) ajjex to overhang the extremity jf tlie iMttte
1 L.ni.
7. -.4 rhjlit-mifjltd urnhna trUmglebaf 6 cm., angles of
60 aii'l 30 at the extremities of the base {tet-Hquare of tW
and ;i").
N. An iirutffWfjhil scaknt (rian^fc base 5 cm., angloB at
tho tuiftu bO and 45.
I
HB COP^. CUAMK Co.. 1.IMITBD, TGttOMT3
SECOND BOOK FREEHAND DRAWINQ FROM OBJECTS EXAMPLE 11
I
/
I
11. Kdu ASH I'up. \Vork from tliu actual oh'ject ami not from thi^ example. Make a careful
jH'iicil tliJiwing in outline from nn t'y;^'''up or htlu-r simple oKjccl and alil the i-olour. A maus drawing,
:> fn-earm drawiiijj or brush tlniwitig pittcttce is alo to Iw done un this page.
LA'R'a Canadian Ohawino ScRn Thi Coir. CkARK Co,. UiMiTso, TonofnTO
SECOND BOOK DECORATIVE OES'QN-COLOUR EXAMPLE 12
"rr"
I
f
I
12. B0RDK.Finish the ihove Aenign acroM the page The "unit of design" may be
traced and Iranaferred. Tint with hade of one colour or use different colours. Make two other
designs of jour own acrcaa the page and colour them. Study the borden, Kiamples 1, 23, 24 and
design notes on the cover.
TmS cow, CkARK (.0.. LIMITSB. TOHttNTa
SECOND BOOK FREEHAND DRAWING FROM NATURE EXAMPLE 13
13. Willow Flowkbs.There are two kintiw of willow flowers, and they alwnyft grt^w on
different tree*. One kind ha<i ntr.niens only und the other pmtiU, aa nhown here. Yuur dimwmgi,
wnich ara to be coloured, ac^ .o be made frum the Bpecimena and not from these examples.
.JhlR'S CANADIAN DHAWINO SKNIKS Tm Co*. Ci.AM COh kiMtrco, TONNTO
SECOND BOOK
OECOHATIVE
"f-SlON- COLOUR
KXAMPtK 14
^.:
14
lH,.,hllioal-.^.'i.-ii;i. t.. the t..|. iif tl.c vagoMil
, ,
, ,. , , ,
m;>k. u ,1.
MS"
nf jour u ,> W.sxlc it. Su.ly ll'-- paltern., Kxan,,.k --'l, l.m.h drawing, 1.x. 1,
and Ihe
clfsign iiuli ott the cover.
ilh tlie 45 rt-Bquiiri', iii. 1 i-i>I>iur it : then
T. eoi". Cl.l< Co.. LIMIT. o, TOKONtO
3l.Ain'a CANADrAN DBAWINO SCR'E
SECOND BOOK FREEHAND DRAWINQ ^ROM NATURE EXAMPLE IB
iUAlR-S CANADIAN CRAWINO S'
16. ' \\ i-s "t I.'ihurmtm, WiM^l-mn-' I, mil C/ojvt,(Jot frei*h flpecimena uf tliettu m- iili.'i
(milf >-./ . s. Make outline fwiicil drawings of tlirmiiinl a.lil tin; i-nluur. A ma! ilrawing, n frt-f-
liiiu .hav. . irr l)ru>h tlniwing prarticr i also Xit U- doni' on tliis^- 'W^u.,
Th Camm. C^amk co 'To. o*nTo
SECOND
BOOK
aiOMKTRICAL
FIQUM-FAULLILOWMi
ix*Mm.K ie
1
Uxaniple 24.
1. Squan-i '11 Me.
i Kh,.,nlm<-*
' I", "ill-. "y "^^
"'-'** "
3. Keel<imjit3 cm. by H cm.
I.*'"'*
CANDiM
DHA.i-a s"it
4.
Ad-3c.m,d5e..d,.yngle..xpt9ft
0, un
,""
, , _ ^,
.
rhombua with tiim VfaU
6. On m duujon*! cm. mwe
rnomou.
in length tolSo-. u( the ^i^. "K^"

7 M>k a rKtMgle with ndw 4 cm. nd S am. long.
l M:t:
.Thl^l^Ld
with .id- 4 cm. d 2
cm. Ug
,
Ray angles except 90 rhomboid.
Th C. Cfc**
MOONO BOOK FRIEHANO ORAWINa FROM NATURE EXAMPLE 17
i
UAin-S CANADIAN OraWINO SCftrcS
17. RADii^niai. 4iet Mime frotih radinhet with leav. M*ke an oatline pencil drAwinr; from
them and add the oolourn. A niaaa drawing, a (reearnt drawing, or hriuh drawing practice ia also to
lie done on this page.
tmb Cop*, claan Co.. L>tTio. Tomomto
SECOND BOOK
LETTERINQ
EXAMPLE ia
abcdefghijkimnopqrstuvwxyz
.'s- I.
.dciPFJ'Vi
k^j^
2354567890
r
1-1
^rt
l-S CANADIAN DHAWINO SERIES
18 I ETTKRI'ii To W twice the mJi <! those givc-ii siKive, ami arrangwl in three lines, thus ;
Kr..m
..
t.1 m ui. the top linc-fnnn ,. to : on tlio mi.l.ll,. li.ie, ul, tl,e fiunr.- or nnmernl. on the
bottom line. re a n.e.i.ure an.l ,et.K.i..ar. :u, .nu,h a. p...il.k- in Mlting out the *ork. tmoh the
letteni with a fairly thick line, using a pen and ink or a hruh ami uoKmr.
^
Thb covp. Cuamk CC Limiteo, ToMttMTO
SECOND BOOK
FREEHAND DRAWING FROM OBJECTS
EXAMPLE 18
3LAIR-B Canadian Omawino
19. Sct .s<jrAKi>^, K-n-. Arrnj;e your |Uaris, rulilK-r aii.l |itiui! iliin.TiMilly from those of the
givuM cxiimpie M,ik.> a ak.-tih from tli.in .in.l not from tho al>.ivi. ilmwiii^'a. iviu-ii this i-. corril
it H to ! iml,.l, lotM-llM'r willi tlio i;r,.MTi.l "M lii,li ili,.- ,,l,j,-,-t rest.
THt CO^. CL.AMM Co.. Ll
SECOND BOOK
FREEHAND DRAWINQ FROM OBJECTS EXAMPLE 20
20. Fruit Box.Make two tlrawingt from a fruit box, one with a corner towards yoo and thl
other with a tide towarda yon. Use yellow, red, and a little black to get the colour of the wood.
Some brush drawing practice may alao be done oo thia page.
Thb Comm, CI.AIIN Co., Limitbo, TOAOMto
SECOND BOOK
WORKING ORAWINQ
EXAMPLE 21
LAi'B Canadian DtAwn
21. Uokkem: I'liAWjSi;, -(Jet -onii; >iniple olijeit, nieiwure tin- siw's .-li.il niiiko a full-size
cirauiiig of it on this jiUL'.'S or ilmw thu iMivcl.ijie see Exainiile 24. to the Cfntimctro dimiMisioin
tliirc Kivtn. Then get a larf;<r thi-ct of stiff pupi-r, itiul on it set out tin- i.ia> aiitl -h^u-H s that
h.n cut nut and f..l,li.,l up it can he nmnmi-il together, forming an actual envelope. 1 lie clotted
hiii-^ sliriw the hqi ri'ijuii-ed fur ijumniini; together.
Cl.*N> CO.* Lit TID. ToAONTo
SECOND BOOK LETTERING EXAMPLE 88
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UMMS^
12334567890
%
22. Lkttkbinu.T'l Ik; twiou the aizr of tliost given .iljve, ami arninge<l in thrto lines, thiu :

Fn)in '( to tr on tlie top linefnini n to : on the iniddlo line, witl) t)ie figurcH or ntimeral on the
bottom line. XJm a measure ami pet-t-inuut"' as nnu-h as possilile in st'tting out the work. Thf kttm
io}>f 2ii dtgreif frtym thf jvrittjuiirnlar. Finish th*' U-ttt'rs with a fairljr thick line, using a pen and
ink, or a brush ami colour.
bAIR'S CANADIAN DRAWINO SKNICS Thb Cow. Cki Co.. LrMtTBo, TonoMTa
SECOND BOOK
FREEARM DRAWING
EXAMPLE 23
^^.^.^
i
t
LAIMS CANADIAh' DRAWING SERIES
23. Klit.HhM lliLAWiML Tht'M-, likv llii- r.iiili ilrawiriKtigiirii 1 t<j li, Kxumpli' 1. an. i hu
I>rarti-nl ln-,|ii,-nlly .hiriiij; iIk- uriii. Tli.-y aif tci lie iiiiulc immlIi liiigi-r not less than IJ iiiilifs
auinaa -with ilialk iiii tin: liUtklir'l. I'iiimIh utt In prarlii-c thi'sc uxt'icistn on pa|K r alMi, making
till' tigiiri-9 ain.nl three' lpnii' Iai;;.T than tlif<i', Stuily fri-eaiMi iii.l.'s nn llii' cov.t.
TmS Ce*^. Cl-ARM Co., t-lMlTSO, TONONT*
SECOND BOOK
GEOMETRICAL AND DESIGN
EXAMPLE 24
24. l.ti.MKlKli .\[. Tr,n,i:i'.. .iH.I i,.ir:ill'l.i,.i,.. Tli an- Btnall ilr:iiiit li'l'i mill;,'
Kxa>ii|iK - W hikI Hi. ui-.A./" i- (jivi'ii .-i- ^ui'-i ^li.lll l"i- iIm- ui.ikin^ Ir.iwiMf.'. i'Aiiiiiiilr -Jl.
I>F1"IHTIVK l)Hiii:\. Th.-.' iliaiiii;;.i. licit In !' iii|iiiil. Thi'V iiTT sii-i.'i'v| iiiiis for iiriHiiiiil
ilesiiiii-^ to lit- THUiU' liy till- iiuiiil UsiiU- Kxiiii4tU-K ti, S, Vl anil 14.
TBLAIR 5 CANADIAN ORAWINO SERiCS
Tm| CoP>. Cl.*K Co., LiMITKO, To-*ONT
Th* drcalar ard tlHptical fnmii. i to S. art mtit without Uftinf the
chalk whOt the cum la bcinc ehlainad. Whn about to dn? a circle,
movt th* chalk nwml (in the diraction of the ha.-idi of a watch) once or
twice without letting it touch the bo> 1 ; than let it mark wiy liKhtly,
iocreaainc the preuure rery gradnally when it is fouod the required curre
it appaarlnc. U the chalk be itopped in iu moTemeut round to obUin the
curve required, it ia better to rub out what ha* been done aud begin agiiin.
Straight licet are obtained by a towuid-rro moTement without stopping
at th* eada of the line, as are the runret M and la. In thete catet the
chalk theuld point alniot at right angles acrou the line that ia being
drawn. TWa cannot, of courte. b: to for a portion of the right and left
aidet of the circle and elliptc. at the writt mutt b* kept rigid during the
whole of the centianoui movement. Exerciiae on the board thoold not be
lett than la inchet acrott.
PupUa are alto to practice thete beoaim exerciaea en paper with pencil
about three timet larger than thu tguret on Ex. 73. Her* the wriat it itill
*c oe rigid, while the main move.iient a at the elbow and in a lett degree
from the thoulder. No ludiarubljer it of courtc to be need, at Ihr action of
the pencil en th* paper it to be exactly the tame at that of the chalk tn
the bosri!.
rh* hand or tngera thould not touch eithr the board or the paper m
the movement to obtain the required line, ani! the chalk thould make about
an angle of 30 with the turface of the board, while the pencil may make
any angle from that to 90 degreet with the paper.
Thit freearm drawing thould. like brush drawing, be practited
frequently during the term. Pencil practice may with advantage be done
in an ordiuaiy tcribbler. or in tact on any kind of paper before the work i*
fit to appear in the drawing book. The paper muit be flat, that it without
foldt or creatct, otherwite it will b* impowiblt to get a continuoua
free liu*.
MEMORY DRAWINGS of objecta or zpeeimeu* from nature are to
be continued on the blackboard or on paper and correlated irith the fieearm
jutt detcribed.
INVENTIVE DRAWING or Deai^n Applied to Dteomtinn. The
bmth drawing and tet-eq.iare work 01 thit book will enable the pupil to get
greater variety than formerly in the original detignt required. Study the
figuret, Ext. i, 13, 24. The linet of conttructioo for thoie on Ex. 24 are
obtained by the
45 tr.d fo tquarei. Lruth drawing may be added to thote
purely geometrical arrangemeatt, but it ia well to remember that a detign
kould be timple and not overcrowded with small forma
Although the bordert. Ex. 23, are intended for large ficearm practice
oo the blackboard they r eed not be rettricted to thai parpoie. The leading
linet for the border*, Ex. i, are set out geometrically, on which the
"
unit
of detign" may or may not be tranaferred before being put in with the
bruih.
Mott of the** de.ignt for bordert may be adapted to "all>over"
deaigna, and generally a border can with alight modification be obtaiaed
from an "all-over" detign.
LETTERING. Figuret or aaeralt, together with the tmall letter*
-upright and tloping- are given hi thit book. Ute a meature and
tet-tquaret at much at positble in setting out the work. Thete tmall
letters, called 'lower caae," are much more diBcult than the capitals ia
Book I, etpeciali]> the aloping or "italic" lettera, which incline at an anglo
of ao degrees from the perpendicular.
COLOUR ia to be eoatiaaed t' uugheot at in the former book.
Pupilt thouM now be expected to srork more neatly and to put on mthe*
of colour without the streaky appaarauc* du* either to an insuSciency of
colour on the brush, or the anxiety to improve a wath when it ia naif dry.
both of which mistake* thould be avoided. Th* atudy of complementary
colour* it to be continued, uid more attention it to be given to the colour
of ihadowt.
PRACTICAL GEOMETRY. Pupilt are to be provided with two
aet-tquares. one of 45 the other of 60 and 311 degrees These are used for
obtainhig parallel and perpendicular linet. together with thoee required for
pattern drawing similar to Ex. 34. It it mot: important that their anglet
be true, otherwite they cannot be need for anything but parallel linea.
When the ri^rht angle it true, perpendiculara are peeeible : if, however, th*
45
or 60 es are inaccurate the detignt on Ex. 24 are impo**ihlc.
(Excellent ..nglith square*, reliable in the matter of a:^ies. c^ft be
obtained in Vancouver for
J
cent* each.)
More accurate conatmction of the geometrical figuret. Book i. ntraely
:
triengirt and parallelogramt from given tidet. diagooala, and anglet it
now requiredanalyaia of theae figure* by the u*tial linet drawn within
them, for instance, the diagnnalt of a rh mbua divide it in turn into two
equal acnte-auKled itotcelei triangle*, and two equal obtute-angled
isotcelei trianglet. If then itetceles triangle* are right-angled, the
figure will not be a rhombnt but a tquare. How do the three hnet
bisecting the angles of an equihiteral triangle divide the figure ? How are
the tquare and rhombus, o' the rectangle and.rhomboid related? etc.. etc.
WORKING DRAWINGS. Owing to the limited apace avaUable in
thit book, only one page it devoted to "working drawingt." An envelope
it tnggeited, Ex. 24. After thit hat been draini to the centimetre tiaea
there given, pupilt may be asked to get a abeet of atiff paper. Set out the
tizet and thapet to that when it is cut out and folded ".p it may be gummed
together forming an actual envelope. Although ao envelope can tcarcely
be called a
" solid " this it an exercite in the "development of tolida," a
tection of drawing to be dealt with later on.