TCN

tcn 68
(Sot xt ln 1)

chng st bo v cc cng trnh vin thng

yu cu K THUT

protection telecommunication plant against

TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Mc lc

* li ni u ........................................................................................................ 3
1. Phm vi ..................................................................................................... 4
2. Thut ng - nh ngha v ch vit tt.................................................... 4
3. Quy nh chung ........................................................................................ 8
4. Yu cu k thut .................................................................................... 10
4.1 Chng st bo v nh trm vin thng .............................................. 10
4.2 Chng st bo v ct cao anten vin thng ....................................... 10
4.3 Chng st bo v ng dy thng tin .............................................. 11
Ph lc A - Cc phng php tnh ton tn sut thit hi do st
gy ra i vi cc cng trnh vin thng
v cc bin php bo v ........................................................... 12
Ph lc B - Xc nh dng gy h hng cho cp kim loi
v cp quang c thnh phn kim loi....................................... 24
Ph lc C - Tnh ton h s che chn ca dy chng st ngm
bo v cp thng tin chn ngm .............................................. 26
Ph lc D - c tnh xung v phng php tnh ton in tr
tip t xung............................................................................. 28
Ph lc E - Xc nh v tr lp t in cc thu st theo phng php
qu cu ln .............................................................................. 32
Ph lc F - c im dng st ca Vit Nam............................................. 33
Ph lc G - C s xc nh gi tr tn sut thit hi cho php do st
gy ra i vi cng trnh vin thng ......................................... 37
Ph lc H - Cc ni dung kim tra cht lng ca h thng chng st
vin thng ca cng trnh vin thng ....................................... 40
Ph lc I - Ti liu tham kho .................................................................... 41

2
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Li ni u

TCN 68 - 135: 2001 (sot xt ln 1) "Chng st bo v cc cng trnh

vin thng - Yu cu k thut" c b sung, sa i trn c s cc
Khuyn ngh mi nht ca Lin minh Vin thng Quc t (ITU), c tham
kho tiu chun ca mt s nc trn th gii, mt s tiu chun, quy phm
ca cc Ngnh khc.
TCN 68 - 135: 2001 do Vin Khoa hc k thut Bu in (RIPT) bin
son. Nhm bin son do k s Nguyn Th Hin ch tr vi s tham gia tch
cc ca tin s Nguyn Vn Dng, k s Nguyn Mu Xun, k s Nguyn
Th Tm v mt s cn b k thut khc trong Ngnh.
TCN 68 - 135: 2001 do V Khoa hc Cng ngh v Hp tc Quc t
ngh v c Tng cc Bu in ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 1061/2001/Q -
TCB ngy 21 thng 12 nm 2001.

V khoa hc cng ngh v hp tc quc t

3
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

chng st bo v CC CNG TRNH VIN THNG

Yu cu k thut
(Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 1061/2001/Q-TCB
ngy 21 thng 12 nm 2001 ca Tng cc trng Tng cc Bu in)

1. Phm vi
1.1 Tiu chun ny c p dng cho cc cng trnh vin thng nhm hn ch cc
thit hi do st gy ra, m bo an ton cho con ngi v cc cng trnh vin
thng.
1.2 Tiu chun ny quy nh:
- Tn sut thit hi cho php do st gy ra i vi cc cng trnh vin thng;
- Cc bin php chng st bo v cc cng trnh vin thng;
- Phng php tnh ton tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi cc cng
trnh vin thng.
1.3 Tiu chun ny l s c kim nh cng trnh vin thng v mt chng st.
1.4 Tiu chun ny l mt trong nhng s c lp d n u t, thit k, thi
cng, nghim thu, qun l v phc v qu trnh khai thc, bo dng cc h
thng chng st bo v cc cng trnh vin thng.

2. Thut ng - nh ngha v ch vit tt

2.1 Din tch ri ro - A. Risk area
Din tch ri ro l din tch ca min bao quanh cng trnh vin thng, khi st
nh vo din tch ny c th gy nguy him cho cng trnh vin thng.
2.2 Dng xung st - A. Lightning impulse current
Dng xung st l xung dng in di tn s thp, xut hin khng c chu k
nht nh, tng vt n gi tr nh, ri gim xung n gi tr khng. Cc c
trng ca dng xung st l:
- Gi tr nh (bin ) xung, I;
- Thi gian sn trc t gi tr nh, T1;
- Thi gian sn sau gim n na gi tr nh, T2;
- Dng sng dng xung, T1/T2;
Hnh 1 trnh by dng sng dng st chun v cch xc nh cc thng s
dng st.

4
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

0,9
1

0,5

0,1
A
B t
O1

T1 = 1,25AB

T2
Hnh 1. Dng sng dng st chun

2.3 in p xung - A. Impulse voltage

in p xung c cc c im c trng theo cch tng t nh dng xung. Hnh
2 trnh by dng sng in p st chun v cch xc nh cc thng s in p st.

1 0,9 CCITT-3941

0,5

0,3

A
B t
O1

T1 = 1,67AB

T2

Hnh 2. Dng sng in p st chun

2.4 in tr tip t xung - A. Impulse earthing resistance

5
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

in tr tip t xung l in tr tip t i vi dng xung (Rx), c tnh

theo cng thc:
Rx = a R50
Trong :
a : H s xung;
R50 : in tr tip t i vi dng in tn s cng nghip.
Phng php tnh ton gi tr in tr tip t xung, xem ph lc B.
2.5 Dng gy h hng (cho cp) - A. Failure current
Dng gy h hng l dng st nh nht gy h hng cho cp vin thng, gy
ra gin on dch v.
2.6 Dng nh thng v (cp) - A. Sheath breakdown current
Dng nh thng v l dng in nh nht chy trong v kim loi ca cp,
gy ra in p nh xuyn gia cc thnh phn kim loi trong li cp v v kim
loi cp, dn n h hng cp.
2.7 Dng th - A. Test current
Dng th l dng in nh nht chy trong v kim loi ca cp, gy ra h
hng cho cp do cc tc ng c hoc nhit.
2.8 Dng in mi ni (i vi cp quang) - A. Connection current
Dng in mi ni l dng in nh nht chy trong cc thnh phn kt ni
ca cp quang, gy ra h hng cho cp do cc tc ng ca c hoc nhit.
2.9 in p nh xuyn - A. Breakdown voltage
in p nh xuyn l in p xung nh thng gia cc thnh phn kim loi
trong li cp v v kim loi ca cp.
2.10 H thng tip t - A. Grounding system
H thng tip t l h thng bao gm t tip t v dy dn t.
2.11 Lin kt ng th - A. Equipotential bonding
Lin kt ng th l s lin kt v in gia cc thnh phn kim loi khng
c cch in bn trong nh trm vi nhng thnh phn kim loi t ngoi dn vo.
Vic lin kt c th c thc hin trc tip hoc gin tip thng qua cc thit b
lin kt cn bng th. Lin kt ny c tc dng lm mt s chnh lch in th do
dng st gy nn.

6
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

2.12 Mt st - A. Lightning density

Mt st l s ln st nh xung mt n v din tch mt t trong mt
nm (ly bng 1 km2).
2.13 Mc Keraunic - A. Keraunic level
Mc Keraunic l gi tr ngy dng trung bnh trong mt nm, ly t tng s
ngy dng trong mt chu k hot ng 12 nm ca mt tri, ti mt trm quan trc
kh tng.
2.14 Ngy dng - A. Thunder day
Ngy dng l ngy m v c trng kh tng, ngi quan trc c th nghe r
ting sm.
2.15 St - A. Lightning strike, flash
St l hin tng phng in c tia la km theo ting n trong khng kh, n
c th xy ra bn trong m my, gia hai m my mang in tch tri du hoc
gia m my tch in vi t. Cc cng trnh vin thng trong qu trnh khai
thc, chu tc ng ca st nh sau:
- Tc ng do st nh trc tip: l tc ng ca dng st nh trc tip vo
cng trnh vin thng;
- Tc ng do st lan truyn v cm ng: l tc ng th cp ca st do cc
nh hng tnh in, in t, galvanic...
2.16 Tn sut thit hi - A.Frequency of damage
Tn sut thit hi do st l s ln st nh trung bnh hng nm gy thit hi
cho cng trnh vin thng.
2.17 Thit b bo v xung - A. Surge protective device (SPD)
Thit b bo v xung l phng tin hn ch qu p t bin v r cc dng xung.
2.18 Nh trm vin thng - A. Telecommunication building
Nh trm vin thng l nhng nh trm trong c cha cc thit b vin
thng, bao gm thit b chuyn mch, thit b truyn dn v mt s loi trang thit
b khc.
2.19 Tr khng truyn t (tr khng ghp) ca v che chn kim loi ca cp -
A. Transfer (coupling) impedance of metal cable sheath
Tr khng truyn t (tr khng ghp) ca v che chn kim loi ca cp l t
s gia in p st t mt trong ra mt ngoi v che chn kim loi ca cp trn ton
b dng in chy trong v che chn kim loi.

7
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

2.20 Vng chng st - A. Lightning Protection Zone (LPZ)

Vng chng st l vng c phn chia trong mt khu vc trm vin thng, c
c trng bi mc khc nghit ca trng in t v nh hng do st gy nn.

2.21 Xc sut thit hi - A.Probability of damage

Xc sut thit hi do st l xc sut mt ln st nh gy thit hi cho cng
trnh vin thng.

3. Quy nh chung
3.1 Phn cp chng st cho cc cng trnh vin thng
Tu thuc vo tm quan trng ca cng trnh vin thng, cc cng trnh vin
thng c chia lm hai cp chng st nh sau:
- Cp c bit: Cc cng trnh vin thng c tm quan trng c bit, phc v
thng tin quc t, lin tnh v cc u mi trung tm ca tnh;
- Cp thng thng: Cc cng trnh vin thng cn li.
Ghi ch: Tiu chun ny ch quy nh tiu chun chng st i vi cng trnh vin thng
cp thng thng. i vi cng trnh vin thng cp c bit, c th quy nh tiu chun kht
khe hn, tu thuc vo yu cu bo v ca ch u t.

3.2 Phn loi cng trnh vin thng

Tu thuc vo c im lp t, cc cng trnh vin thng c chia lm hai loi:
- Cng trnh vin thng dng tuyn: Cc cng trnh vin thng dng tuyn c
c im l c th c lp t qua nhiu vng c gi tr in tr sut ca t, mc
Keraunic, c im a hnh khc nhau. Cng trnh vin thng dng tuyn bao gm
cc ng cp thng tin kim loi, cp quang.
- Cng trnh vin thng dng im: Cc cng trnh vin thng dng im c
c im l c tp trung trong mt khu vc ng nht v in tr sut ca t,
mc Keraunic v c im a hnh. Cng trnh vin thng dng im bao gm cc
trm vin thng, ct cao anten v tuyn, viba.
3.3 Phn vng chng st cho trm vin thng
Tu thuc vo c tnh bo v t nhin, mc khc nghit ca xung in t
do st gy ra v nhu cu bo v, trm vin thng c phn thnh cc vng bo v
chng st LPZ 0, LPZ 1, LPZ 2... nh minh ha trn hnh 3.
c im cc vng chng st c trnh by trong bng 1.

8
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Bng 1. Phn vng bo v chng st (LPZ)

Cc vng tip theo
LPZ 0 LPZ 1
(LPZ2,...)

L vng cha cc i L vng cha cc i tng khng L cc vng c thit lp

tng khng c che b st nh trc tip. Dng in trong khi c yu cu c bit
chn, cc trng in t tt c cc thnh phn kim loi trong gim nh dng dn cng
do st gy ra vng ny vng ny c gim i so vi vng nh cng trng in
khng b suy hao. LPZ 0 LPZ 0. Trng in t trong vng ny t bo v thit b.
c chia thnh LPZ 0A c th yu i ph thuc vo cc bin
v LPZ 0B. php che chn.

Ch :
1. Vng LPZ 0 c chia thnh vng LPZ 0A v LPZ 0B
LPZ 0A: Cc i tng trong vng ny chu st nh trc tip v bi vy c th phi chu hon
ton dng in st.
LPZ 0B: Cc i tng trong vng ny khng chu st nh trc tip nhng trng in t do st
gy ra khng b yu i.
2. Cc vng LPZ 0, LPZ 1, LPZ 2 tng ng vi cc vng Cat C, Cat B, Cat A theo cch phn
vng ca IEEE 587.

LPZ 0A
H thng
LPZ 0B chng st ct
LPZ 1 anten bn
ngoi

Li chn 2 cho phng my Thanh lin kt 1 ti

ranh gii LPZ 1 v
Thanh lin kt 2 ti LPZ0
LPZ 2 ranh gii LPZ 1
v LPZ 2

Cp in lc,
Phng my vin thng

Lin kt cc li chn 1 v 2

H thng
Li chn 1 cho CTXD tip t

Hnh 3. Minh ha phn vng chng st LPZ ti trm vin thng

3.4 C s trang b chng st bo v
Trang b chng st bo v cc cng trnh vin thng phi da trn c s nh gi
tn sut h hng do st gy ra, c ch n chi ph v tm quan trng ca cng trnh
vin thng, mi trng in t, dng st ti khu vc xy dng cng trnh vin thng.

9
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

4. Yu cu k thut
4.1 Chng st bo v nh trm vin thng
4.1.1 Tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi nh trm vin thng phi tho mn
biu thc sau:
(Fd + Fa).0,8 + (Fs + Fn).0,2 10-3 (1)
Trong :
Fd : Tn sut thit hi do st nh trc tip vo nh trm;
Fa : Tn sut thit hi do st nh trc tip vo vt cao ln cn c lin
kt kim loi vi nh trm;
Fs : Tn sut thit hi do st nh vo ng dy i vo nh trm;
Fn : Tn sut thit hi do st nh gn nh trm;
Phng php tnh ton tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi trm vin thng
c trnh by trong ph lc A1.
4.1.2 m bo tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi nh trm vin thng
khng vt qu quy nh mc 4.1.1, phi p dng cc gii php chng st
nh sau:
- Chng st nh trc tip cho nh trm vin thng;
- Chng st lan truyn v cm ng in t;
- Thc hin cu hnh u ni v tip t bn trong nh trm.
Cc bin php bo v c th nhm gim nh tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i
vi nh trm vin thng c trnh by trong ph lc A1.
4.2 Chng st bo v ct anten vin thng
4.2.1.Tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi ct anten vin thng phi tho mn
biu thc:
F 1,25.10-2 (2)
Phng php tnh ton tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi ct anten vin
thng c trnh by trong ph lc A2.
4.2.2 m bo tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi ct anten vin thng khng
vt qu quy nh mc 4.2.1, phi p dng cc bin php bo v nh sau:
- La chn loi ct anten c tr khng truyn t nh;
- Chng st nh trc tip cho ct anten.
Cc bin php bo v c th nhm gim thit hi do st gy ra i vi ct
anten vin thng c trnh by trong ph lc A2.

10
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

4.3 Chng st bo v ng dy thng tin

4.3.1 Tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi mt tuyn cp kim loi phi tho mn
biu thc sau:
2,1.Fpa + 3,1(Fpb+ Fps) 1 (3)
Trong :
Fpa : Tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi cc on cp treo;
Fpb : Tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi cc on cp chn;
Fps : Tn sut thit hi do st nh vo cu trc m tuyn cp i vo.
Tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi tuyn cp kim loi c tnh ton theo
cng thc trnh by trong ph lc A3.
4.3.2 Tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi mt tuyn cp quang c thnh phn
kim loi phi tho mn biu thc sau:
Fpa + Fpb+ Fps 0,1 (4)
Trong :
Fpa : Tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi cc on cp treo;
Fpb : Tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi cc on cp chn;
Fps : Tn sut thit hi do st nh vo cu trc m tuyn cp i vo.
Phng php tnh ton d bo tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi tuyn cp
quang c thnh phn kim loi c trnh by trong ph lc A3.
4.3.3. m bo tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi tuyn cp kim loi v cp
quang c thnh phn kim loi khng vt qu cc quy nh mc 4.3.1 v
4.3.2, phi p dng cc bin php bo v nh sau:
- La chn mi trng lp t hp l;
- La chn loi cp c gi tr dng gy h hng ln;
- Thc hin tip t cho cp treo;
- S dng cc thit b bo v xung;
- Dng dy che chn cho cp chn ngm.
Cc bin php bo v c th nhm gim nh tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i
vi cp kim loi v cp quang c thnh phn kim loi c trnh by trong ph lc A3.

11
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Ph lc A
(Quy nh)

Cc phng php tnh ton tn sut thit hi

do st gy ra i vi cc cng trnh vin thng
v cc bin php bo v

A.1. Phng php tnh ton tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi nh trm vin

thng v cc bin php bo v
A.1.1 Phng php tnh ton tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi khu vc nh
trm vin thng
Tn sut thit hi (F) ti mt trung tm vin thng vi mt st ca khu vc
t trm (Ng) khi xt n hiu qu ca cc bin php bo v vn c hoc b sung,
c xc nh bng cng thc:
F = Ng (Ad..pd + An..pn + As.ps + Aa..pa) (A.1.1)
Hay:
F = Fd + Fn + Fs + Fa (A.1.2)
Trong :
Ng: Mt st nh ti khu vc t trm, c tnh tu theo khu vc a l,
cng thc xem trong bng F1, ph lc F Cc c im kh tng ca Vit Nam".
p: Cc h s xc sut khc nhau ph thuc vo cc bin php bo v hin c
nhm lm gim tn sut thit hi (F), xem mc A.1.2;
Fd = Ng.Ad.pd - Tn sut thit hi do st nh trc tip vo nh trm (d);
Fn = Ng.An.pn - Tn sut thit hi do st nh xung t gn khu vc trm (n);
Fs = Ng.As.ps - Tn sut thit hi do st nh vo cp hoc vng ln cn cp
dn vo trm (s);
Fa = Ng.Aa.pa - Tn sut thit hi do st nh trc tip vo cc vt gn, v d
ct anten c lin kt bng kim loi vi nh trm vin thng (a).
Ad - Din tch ri ro st nh trc tip vo nh trm vin thng:
Ad = (9ph2 + 6ah + 6bh +ab).10-6, km2;
Trong :
a: Chiu rng ca nh trm vin thng, m;
b: Chiu di ca nh trm vin thng, m;
h: Chiu cao ca nh trm, m.

12
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Trong trng hp din tch ri ro st nh trc tip vo ct anten che ph mt

phn din tch ri ro st nh trc tip vo nh trm, din tch Ad c gim i phn
b che ph .
An - Din tch ri ro do st nh xung t cnh nh trm lm tng th t nh
hng n trung tm vin thng. An c tnh bng din tch ca mt min to bi
mt ng cch nh mt khong cch d = 500 m, tr i din tch ri ro do st nh
trc tip vo nh Ad.
Ni no c cc vt gn nh cc cng trnh xy dng cao khc (v d; ct
anten, nh cao tng v.v) v cc cp dn vo th din tch An s c gim i bi
phn din tch ri ro che ph ca cc cng trnh , nh trnh by trn hnh A1.
AS - Din tch ri ro do st nh xung cc ng cp (thng tin, in lc) dn
vo trm.Trng hp tng qut, cp dn vo nh trm vin thng gm cc loi treo
v chn, din tch As c tnh bng cng thc:
n
A s = 2. L i d i
i =1
Trong :
Li: Chiu di ca mi on ng dy, m;
di: Khong cch tng ng ca mi on, m;
- i vi cp treo, di = 1000 m;
- i vi cp ngm, di = 250 m;
n: S on ng dy chn ngm hoc treo ni;
Aa: Din tch ri ro st nh trc tip vo ct anten c lin kt bng kim
loi vi nh trm.
- i vi ct anten c dng thp, din tch Aa c tnh tng t nh Ad;
- i vi ct anten l ct tr trn, ct tam gic, ct t gic c dy co
v kch thc nh, Aa c tnh bng din tch hnh trn bn knh 3h
(h l chiu cao ct anten) A a = p(3h )2 .
Cc din tch ri ro do st nh vo khu vc trm vin thng c minh ho
trn hnh A1.

Ct
Cp thng tin hoc
cp in lc Aa

As Ad
d
An

Hnh A1: M t cc din tch ri ro st nh trc tip vo khu vc trm vin thng

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TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Xc nh cc h s xc sut p
Mi h s xc sut p th hin kh nng lm gim s thit hi do st ca c tnh
bo v t nhin ca cng trnh lp t (vt liu nh, mng cp treo ni hoc ngm) v
cc bin php bo v cho nh hoc ti cc giao din cng nh cc bin php bo v
khc c bn trong v bn ngoi (cc thit b chng st, li che chn cp, k thut
cch in v.v). Trong thit k chng st, khi p dng mt bin php bo v s gim
nh xc sut h hng do st nh tng ng, th hin qua cc h s p.
Nu p dng mt vi bin php bo v cho mt i tng th h s xc sut
thc s s bng tch cc gi tr ring r, c ngha l:
ptt = P pi , (vi pi 1).
Cc gi tr h s xc sut p c trnh by trong cc bng A1.1 A1.4
(xem phn A.1.2 - Cc bin php bo v chng st cho nh trm vin thng).
A.1.2. Cc bin php bo v chng st cho nh trm vin thng
Ch : Khi thit k bo v chng st cho nh trm vin thng, phi lu n
c tnh bo v vn c ca cng trnh, c th hin qua bng A.1.1.
Bng A1.1. Cc tr s p cho cc vt liu lm nh khc nhau
Cc vt liu lm nh, ct v tng bao xung quanh pd, pa, pn
Khng c tnh che chn (g, gch, b tng khng c thp gia cng) 1
B tng ct thp c kch thc li chun 0,1
Kim loi 0,01

1. Chng st nh trc tip cho nh trm vin thng

phng st nh trc tip gy h hng cho trm vin thng, c th p dng
mt trong cc bin php chng st nh trc tip nh sau:
- Dng in cc Franklin;
- Dng h thng chng st pht tin o sm;
- Dng h thng phn tn nng lng st.
1.1 H thng chng st nh trc tip dng in cc Franklin v h thng pht tin
o sm phi bao gm cc thnh phn c bn sau:
- H thng in cc thu st;
- H thng dy dn st;
- H thng tip t;
- Kt cu .

14
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

a) H thng in cc thu st
- Cc in cc thu st phi c b tr, lp t cc v tr sao cho n to ra
vng bo v che ph hon ton i tng cn bo v. V tr lp t ca cc in cc
thu st c xc nh bng phng php qu cu ln nh trnh by ph lc E.
- Cc in cc thu st Franklin c th s dng cc dng: thanh, dy, mt li
v kt hp.
- C th dng cc thnh phn bng kim loi ca cng trnh nh tm kim loi
che ph vng cn bo v, cc thnh phn kim loi ca cu trc mi, cc ng, bnh
cha bng kim loi lm cc in cc thu st Franklin t nhin, min l chng
tho mn cc iu kin sau:
+ C tnh dn in lin tc bn vng;
+ Khng b bao ph bi cc vt liu cch in;
+ Khng gy ra cc tnh hung nguy him khi b thng hay b nung nng
do st nh.
- Cc in cc thu st pht tin o sm c th s dng cc loi: to, pht ion
hoc loi to pht in t.
- Khng cho php s dng cc in cc thu st dng pht x bo v cc
cng trnh vin thng.
- Cc in cc thu st c th c kt cu l bn thn i tng cn bo v;
Nu dng kt cu bng ct, phi lm bng vt liu m bo bn c hc, ph
hp vi iu kin kh hu.
b) H thng dy dn st
- Cc dy dn st phi c phn b xung quanh chu vi ca cng trnh cn bo
v sao cho khong cch gia hai dy khng vt qu 30 m. Trong mi trng hp,
cn t nht hai dy dn xung.
- Cc dy dn st phi c ni vi h thng in cc tip t.
- Cc dy dn st phi c lp t thng, ng, sao cho chng to ra ng
dn ngn nht, thng nht xung t v trnh to ra cc mch vng. Khng lp t
cc dy dn st cc v tr gy nguy him cho con ngi.
c) H thng tip t
- H thng tip t bao gm cc in cc, dy ni cc in cc v cp ni t.
- H thng tip t phi c thit k v c gi tr in tr tip t theo quy
nh trong TCN 68 - 141: 1999.
- Phi ch la chn dng in cc tip t, cu trc b tr cc in cc sao
cho ph hp vi iu kin a hnh thc t ni trang b tip t.

15
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

- Khi tnh ton thit k h thng tip t chng st, phi ch n c tnh
xung ca in tr tip t (xem ph lc D) v phi bo m gi tr in tr tip t
i vi dng xung theo yu cu trong mi trng hp.
- H thng in cc tip t phi c lin kt vi cc h thng tip t khc
theo quy nh trong TCN 68 - 141:1999.
d) Vt liu v kch thc vt liu c la chn lm h thng chng st nh
trc tip phi m bo sao cho h thng ny khng b h hng do nh hng in,
in t ca dng st, nh hng ca hin tng n mn v cc lc c hc khc.
e) Cc in cc thu st, dy dn st phi c c nh v lin kt vi nhau mt
cch chc chn, m bo khng b gy, t hoc lng lo do cc lc in ng
hoc cc lc c hc khc. Cc mi ni phi c m bo bng cc phng php
hn, vn vt, lp ghp bng bu lng v c s lng cng nh cng tt.
1.2. Chng st nh trc tip dng h thng phn tn nng lng st
H thng phn tn nng lng st phi bao gm cc thnh phn c bn sau:
- H thng in cc to ion trung ho;
- H thng dy dn in tch ln in cc;
- H thng tp trung in tch cm ng trong t.
Bng A1.2. Cc tr s p cho cc bin php bo v bn ngoi nh trm
Cc bin php bo v bn ngoi nh trm pd
Khng c chng st cho nh c bn ngoi ln bn trong 1
Trang b h thng chng st nh trc tip (theo bin 0,1
php bo v 1)

2. Chng st lan truyn t bn ngoi nh trm

Cc thit b in t bn trong nh trm vin thng c th b h hng do st lan
truyn v cm ng qua cc ng dy thng tin, in lc bng kim loi dn vo
nh trm. hn ch cc nh hng , phi p dng cc bin php sau:
2.1 Bin php bo v i vi ng dy thng tin i vo trm
- La chn loi cp vin thng dn vo v i ra khi nh trm c v che chn
vi tr khng truyn t nh hoc cp quang khng c thnh phn kim loi; v che
chn cp phi c lin kt ng th theo quy nh trong tiu chun Ngnh
TCN 68 - 141: 1999 Tip t cho cc cng trnh vin thng.
- Lp t cc thit b bo v xung trn ng dy thng tin ti giao din dy -
my theo quy nh trong TCN 68 - 174:1999.

16
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

2.2 Bin php bo v i vi ng dy in lc i vo nh trm

- Lp t thit b bo v xung trn ng dy in lc, ni ng dy dn vo
trm theo quy nh trong TCN 68 - 174:1999.
- Dng my bin th h p ring cung cp ngun in cho nh trm.
Ch : Thit b c la chn lp t bo v trn ng dy thng tin v in
lc phi tho mn cc quy nh trong TCN 68 - 167:1998 Thit b chng qu p
qu dng do st v ng dy ti in.
Bng A1.3. Cc tr s p cho cc bin php bo v trn cp dn vo trm
Cc bin php chng st cm ng ps, pn
Khi cp bn ngoi khng c che chn, khng c cc thit b chng st 1
Cp thng tin bn ngoi c che chn, c tr khng truyn t cc i 20 W/km
0,5
(f < 1 MHz) (theo bin php bo v 2.1)
Cp thng tin bn ngoi c che chn, c tr khng truyn t cc i 5 W/km
0,1
(f < 1 MHz) (theo bin php bo v 2.1)
Cp thng tin bn ngoi c che chn, c tr khng truyn t cc i 1 W/km
0,01
(f < 1 MHz) (theo bin php bo v 2.1)
Lp bin p cch ly ti giao din mng h p (in p nh xuyn ln hn 20 kV)
0,1
(theo bin php bo v 2.2)
La chn v lp thit b chng st c phi hp tt vi kh nng chu ng ca
0,01
thit b, k thut lp t c cht lng (theo bin php bo v 2.1 v 2.2)
S dng cp quang phi kim loi (theo bin php bo v 2.1) 0

3. Chng st lan truyn v cm ng bn trong nh trm

3.1 Lin kt ng th
Thc hin lin kt ng th ti ranh gii gia cc vng chng st (LPZ) i
vi cc thnh phn v h thng kim loi (cc ng ng dn kim loi, cc khung
gi cp, khung gi thit b).
3.2 Thc hin cc bin php che chn bn trong nh trm:
- Lin kt cc thnh phn kim loi ca to nh vi nhau v vi h thng chng
st nh trc tip, v d mi nh, b mt bng kim loi, ct thp v cc khung ca
bng kim loi ca ta nh.
- Dng cc loi cp c mn chn kim loi hoc dn cp trong ng kim loi c
tr khng thp. V che chn hoc ng dn bng kim loi phi c lin kt ng

17
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

th hai u v ti ranh gii gia cc vng chng st (LPZ). ng dn cp phi

c chia lm hai phn bng vch ngn bng kim loi, mt phn cha cp thng
tin, mt phn cha cp in lc v cc dy dn lin kt.
3.3 Thc hin cu hnh u ni v tip t trong nh trm vin thng
Phi thc hin cc quy nh v cu hnh u ni v tip t bn trong nh trm
theo tiu chun Ngnh TCN 68 - 141: 1999 Tip t cho cc cng trnh vin thng.
Bng A1.4. Cc tr s p cho cc bin php bo v bn trong nh trm
Cc bin php bo v bn trong nh trm pd, pa, pn
Thc hin cc cu hnh u ni v tip t theo TCN 68 - 141:1999 (theo bin
0,5
php bo v 3.3)
p dng ng thi cc k thut lp t bn trong nh trm theo cc bin php
0,1
bo v 3.2 v 3.3)

A.2. Phng php tnh ton tn sut thit hi do st nh vo ct anten v cc

bin php bo v
A.2.1 Phng php tnh ton tn sut thit hi do st nh vo ct anten
Tn sut thit hi do st nh vo ct anten c tnh bng cng thc:
FT(S) = 100Ng(C.H + h)2. exp(-9,2.10-2/ZT) . pd (A.2.1)
Trong :
Ng : Mt st nh trong khu vc, xem ph lc G;
H : Chnh lch trung bnh gia mc ca im t ct anten v a th xung
quanh, (xem hnh A.2);
h : Chiu cao ct, (xem hnh A.2);
C : Tr s c xc nh bng thc nghim, xt ti cc c tnh a hnh ni,
c gi tr c trnh by trong bng A.2.1.
ZT : Tr khng truyn t ca ct anten, c gi tr ph thuc tn s, c xc
nh bng t s in p st trn ct (gia nh v chn ct) vi dng st
chy t nh ct n t. Gi tr tr khng truyn t ca ct anten,
ZT c xc nh bng o c, nu khng o c c th ly gi tr gn
ng bng in tr mt chiu ca ct.
Pd : H s xc sut, th hin hiu qu bo v ca bin php chng st nh
trc tip:
Pd = 1 nu khng c bin php bo v chng st nh trc tip;
Pd = 1 nu c bin php bo v chng st nh trc tip (xem mc A.2.2).

18
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Bng A2.1. Cc gi tr ca C
V tr ca ct anten Khong khng bao Kt cu a hnh ni
( trn nh ni phi xung quanh (Khong (Dc c cheo leo C
khng?) khng c rng khng?) khng?)
C 0
Khng
Khng 0,05
Khng C 0,05
C

Khng 0,1

Khng 0,1
Khng
Phi C 0,2
Khng 0,2
C
C 0,3

Ct h

Cc ng mc
H

ng dc theo tr trung bnh ca ng mc Mc trung bnh ca a

hnh xung quanh
y ca
thung lng Cc ng mc

y ca thung lng

ng trn c bn knh
khong 1 km

Hnh A2. S xc nh H v h ca ct anten t trn ni cao

A.2.2 Cc bin php bo v ct cao anten
1. La chn loi ct anten c tr khng truyn t nh
Phi la chn loi ct anten c tr s tr khng truyn t nh trong trng
hp xy dng ct anten trong vng c iu kin dng st khc nghit.

19
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

2. Chng st nh trc tip bo v ct anten

Thc hin chng st bo v ct cao anten theo hng dn mc 1,
phn A.1.2, vi mt s lu sau:
- Khi dng in cc Franklin chng st nh trc tip cho ct anten, nu
ct cao hn 60 m, phi b sung thm cc in cc ti cc v tr dc theo thn ct,
cao 30m v ti cc khong cch 20 m tip theo.
- C th dng thn ct bng kim loi hoc b tng ct thp thay cho dy dn
xung ca h thng chng st nh trc tip, vi iu kin phi hn ni v mt in
kh cc t ct vi nhau qua tt c cc mt bch ct.
- H thng in cc tip t chng st nh trc tip cho ct cao anten phi tun
theo cc quy nh trong TCN 68-141: 1999 Tip t cho cc cng trnh vin thng.
- Cc thnh phn kim loi ca ct anten vin thng phi c lin kt in
lin tc vi nhau v vi cc thnh phn v kim loi ca thit b k thut.
- Anten phi c ni vi mt b kim loi ri ni b kim loi vi ct thp ca
ct v dy dn xung ca h thng chng st nh trc tip.
- Cp fi dn t anten xung phi t trong lng thp v phi c tip t
v cp hai u.
- Cu cp, v kim loi ca cp vin thng, cc ng ng v v kim loi ca
cp in lc phi c ni vi h thng tip t chng st c hai pha nh trm v
ct cao anten.

A.3. Tnh ton tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi tuyn cp vin thng v cc

bin php bo v
A.3.1 Tnh ton tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi tuyn cp vin thng
Xt trng hp tng qut, tuyn cp (cp kim loi hoc cp quang c thnh
phn kim loi) bao gm cc on chn ngm v treo, tn sut thit hi i vi
tuyn cp, Fp, c xc nh bng cng thc:
Fp = Fpb + Fpa + Fps; (thit hi/nm) (A.3.1)
Trong :
Fpb : Tn sut thit hi i vi on cp chn ngm;
Fpa : Tn sut thit hi i vi on cp treo;
Fps : Tn sut thit hi do st nh trc tip vo kt cu ni cp i vo.

1. Tnh ton tn sut thit hi d bo i vi on cp treo v chn ngm

Fpa = 2 Ng L D p(Ia) Ke 10-3 , (thit hi/nm) (A.3.2)
Fpb = 2 Ng L D p(Ia) Ke Kd 10-3 , (thit hi/nm) (A.3.3)

20
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Trong :
L : di ng dy, (km);
p(Ia) : H s xc sut dng gy h hng, c tnh bng cng thc:
p(i) = 10-2 e(a-bi) vi i 0
a = 4,605 v b = 0,0117 vi i 20 kA
a = 5,063 v b = 0,0346 vi i > 20 kA
Ke : H s mi trng, (xem mc 1, phn A.3.2);
Ng : Mt st, (km-2. nm-1) (xem ph lc G);
D : Khong cch st nh, (m);
* Vi cp chn:
D = 0,482 (r)1/2 vi r 100 W.m;
D = 2,91 + 0,191 (r)1/2 vi 100 W.m <r < 1000 W.m;
D = 0,283 (r)1/2 vi r > 1000 W.m;
* Vi cp treo:
D = 3 H, (m); H l cao treo cp;
Ia : Dng gy h hng, (kA); (xem ph lc B.1)
Kd : H s hiu chnh thit hi;
Kd = 2,5 vi cp chn khng c che chn;
Kd = 1,0 vi cp chn c che chn;

2. Tn sut thit hi do st nh trc tip vo kt cu m cp i vo (Fps).

Tn sut thit hi do st nh trc tip vo kt cu gy ra cho cp khi cp i
vo c tnh bng cng thc:
Fps = Ng.Ad.pIa (thit hi/nm); (A.3.4)
Trong :
Ad: Din tch ri ro st nh vo kt cu, c tnh bng cng thc:
Ad = (9ph2 + 6ah + 6bh + ab) 10-6, (km2);
Trong : a = chiu di, (m);
b = chiu rng, (m);
c = chiu cao, (m);
pIa : Xc sut bin dng st nh vo kt cu to ra dng in gy h
hng cp;
Ias : Dng gy h hng cp, xem ph lc B.2.

21
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

A.3.2 Cc bin php bo v cp thng tin

1. La chn mi trng lp t
Khi thit k tuyn cp, phi ch xem xt, la chn mi trng lp t sao
cho c th li dng c yu t che chn sn c ca mi trng xung quanh. Hiu
qu che chn ca mi trng c th hin bi h s mi trng (Ke) nh sau:
- Vng th c cc to nh cao tng (6 tng tr ln): Ke = 0,01;
- Vng th c cc to nh cao trung bnh (3 6 tng): Ke = 0,1;
- Vng ven c nh ca (1 hoc 2 tng): Ke = 0,5;
- Vng nng thn khng c nh ca (t bng): Ke = 1;
- Vng nng thn khng c nh ca (trn nh i): Ke = 2;
2. La chn cp c gi tr dng gy h hng ln
i vi cp nm trong vng nguy him v hay b st nh, phi la chn cp
c gi tr dng gy h hng ln gim tn sut gy thit hi.

3. Thc hin tip t cho tuyn cp

Thc hin tip t cho cp treo s lm tng gi tr dng nh thng v ca cp,
do vy s tng gi tr dng st gy h hng cp nu dng ny c xc nh bng
dng nh thng v (xem cng thc tnh dng nh thng v cp Is - ph lc B.3).
- Phi thc hin tip t mn chn kim loi ca cp treo ti hai u tuyn cp
v dc theo tuyn cp theo quy nh trong TCN 68 - 141: 1999 Tip t cho cc
cng trnh vin thng.
- C th tng s ln tip t dy treo cp (gim nh khong cch gia cc
im tip t) nhng vng hay b st nh.
4. Trang b dy chng st ngm cho cp chn
gim nh dng st nh vo cp chn, dng dy chng st ngm bng kim
loi chn pha trn, dc theo tuyn cp thu ht mt phn dng st. Nh vy, dy
chng st ngm c tc dng lm tng dng gy h hng (Ia) v lm gim tn sut
thit hi. Dy chng st ngm phi c b tr dc theo ton b chiu di on cp
cn c bo v v ko di thm mt on Y, vi Y c tnh bng cng thc:
Y 5. (r) 1/2 , (m) (A.3.5)
Trong :
r = in tr sut ca t, W.m.
Gi tr dng gy h hng mi (Ia) c tnh bng cng thc:
Ia = Ia/h , (kA); (A.3.6)
Trong , h l h s che chn, xem ph lc C.

22
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

5. Lp t thit b bo v xung
Lp t thit b bo v xung ti cc im cp nhp trm lm gim tn sut
thit hi Fps. Thit b bo v xung phi c la chn tun theo quy nh trong
TCN 68 - 174: 1998 v TCN 68 - 167:1997. Thit b bo v xung phi c ni
gia cc dy dn kim loi ca cp vi thanh lin kt ng th (EBB) ca nh trm.
Ti di cp chn Lp = 5.r1/2 (vi r l in tr sut ca t, W.m) tnh t nh
trm, phi lp thm cc thit b bo v xung gia cc dy dn kim loi ca cp v
v cp (hoc ng kim loi).
Vic lp t thit b bo v xung nh trn s lm tng gi tr dng nh thng
v cp nh sau:
Is = 8. Sc. (m + Rc/R) , kA; (A.3.7)
Trong :
m : S si kim loi trong li cp;
Sc : Tit din ngang ca dy dn, mm2;
Rc : in tr trn mt n v di ca si kim loi, W/km;
R : in tr trn mt n v di ca v cp (hoc ng kim loi), W/km;
Gi tr dng nh thng v Is tng dn n dng gy h hng Ia tng
(xem ph lc B.2).

23
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Ph lc B
(Quy nh)

Xc nh dng gy h hng cho cp kim loi

v cp quang c thnh phn kim loi
B.1 Xc nh dng gy h hng i vi cp chn ngm v cp treo trong trng
hp st nh trc tip vo cp
1. Dng gy h hng cho cp kim loi, Ia, c xc nh nh sau:

I nu I t < 2I s
Ia = t (B.1)
2I s nu I t > 2I s
Trong :
It: Dng th;
Is: Dng nh thng v (xem phn B.3);

2. Dng gy h hng cho cp quang c thnh phn kim loi, Ia, c xc nh nh sau:

It nu It < 2Ic v It < 2Is;

Ia = 2Ic nu 2Ic < It v 2Ic < 2Is; (B.2)
2Is nu 2Is < It v 2Is < 2Ic.
Trong :
It : Dng th;
Ic : Dng in mi ni;
Is : Dng nh thng v (i vi cp quang c thnh phn kim loi c v
v li) (xem phn B.3).
Ch : - Gi tr dng Is c xt n trong trng hp cp quang c thnh
phn kim loi c v v li.
- Gi tr dng It, Ic c xc nh trong phng th nghim v c th
c cung cp bi nh sn xut cp.
B.2 Xc nh dng gy h hng, Ia, i vi cp i vo kt cu b st nh
Khi st nh trc tip vo kt cu m ng dy i vo, gy h hng cho cp,
dng gy h hng, Ia, c tnh bng cng thc:
- i vi cp kim loi:
Ia = 2.n.Is (B.3)

24
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Trong :
- i vi cp quang:
2.n.Is nu Is < Ic;
Ia = (B.3)
2.n.Ic nu Ic < Is.
Trong :
n: S ng ng v cp kim loi i vo kt cu (vin thng, in, nc..);
B.3 Xc nh dng nh thng v cp, Is
B.3.1 Dng nh thng v cp chn
Dng nh thng v cp kim loi hoc cp quang (c thnh phn kim loi
c v v li) chn ngm c tnh bng cng thc sau:
Is Ub/(K.R.r1/2), kA; (B.4)
Trong :
K = 8 : H s dng sng dng st (dng sng 10/350 ms), (m/W)1/2;
R : in tr trn mt n v di ca v cp, W/km;
Ub : in p nh xuyn ca cp, V;
r : in tr sut ca t, W.m;
B.3.2 Dng nh thng v cp treo
Dng nh thng v cp kim loi hoc cp quang (c thnh phn kim loi
c v v li) treo, c v kim loi c tip t, c tnh bng cng thc sau:
Is Ub/(K.R.re1/2), kA; (B.5)
Trong :
re: in tr sut hiu dng ca t, W.m, c tnh bng cng thc:
re = p.D.Rg/ln(2.H/a); (B.6)
Trong :
D : Khong cch gia cc im tip t, m;
H : cao ca cp, m;
a : Bn knh ca cp, m;
Rg : Gi tr in tr tip t, W.m;

25
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Ph lc c
(Quy nh)

Tnh ton h s che chn ca dy chng st ngm

bo v cp thng tin chn ngm

Tc dng che chn ca dy chng st ngm ph thuc vo v tr lp t ca

dy chng st ngm v c nh gi bng h s che chn h.
H s che chn h c xc nh bng t s cc dng in trn v cp khi c

(I sh) v khng c (Ish) dy chng st ngm nh sau:
h = Ish/Ish
C.1. H s che chn ca mt dy chng st ngm
H s che chn ca mt dy chng st ngm c xc nh bng biu thc:
h = ln(x/s)/ln(x2/s.r) (C.1)
Trong (xem hnh C.a):
r: Bn knh trung bnh ca v cp;
s: Bn knh ca dy chng st ngm;
x: Khong cch gia cc trc ca cp v dy chng st ngm.
Bng C.1.1 v C.1.2 cho cc gi tr h s che chn i vi mt s kch thc
dy dn v khong cch gia dy dn v dy chng st ngm khc nhau.
Bng C.1.1. H s che chn vi r = 10 mm
x(m) s = 2 mm s = 3 mm s = 5 mm s = 8 mm s = 12 mm
0,15 0,61 0,59 0,56 0,52 0,48
0,25 0,60 0,58 0,55 0,52 0,49
0,50 0,59 0,57 0,54 0,51 0,49
1,00 0,57 0,56 0,53 0,51 0,49

Bng C.1.2. H s che chn vi r = 20 mm

x(m) s = 2 mm s = 3 mm s = 5 mm s = 8 mm s = 12 mm
0,15 0,68 0,65 0,62 0,59 0,55
0,25 0,65 0,63 0,60 0,57 0,54
0,50 0,63 0,61 0,59 0,56 0,54
1,00 0,61 0,60 0,58 0,55 0,53

26
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

C.2. H s che chn ca nhiu dy chng st ngm c b tr trn mt ng

trn xung quanh cp
C.2.1 Trng hp dng hai dy chng st ngm (xem hnh C.b)
Bng C.2.1. H s che chn ca 2 dy chng st ngm
x(m) g = 30 g = 45 g = 60 g = 90

0,15 0,38 0,36 0,34 0,33

0,25 0,38 0,35 0,34 0,33

0,50 0,37 0,35 0,34 0,33

1,00 0,37 0,35 0,34 0,33

C.2.2 Trng hp dng ba dy chng st ngm, vi khong cch x = 0,25 m

(xem hnh C.c)
Bng C.2.2. H s che chn ca 3 dy chng st ngm (x = 0,25 m)
g = 30 g = 60 g = 90 g = 120
0,33 0,26 0,23 0,22

C.2.3 Trng hp dng n dy chng st ngm b tr i xng xung quanh cp, vi

khong cch x = 0,25 m (xem hnh C.d, C.e, C.f).
Bng C.2.3. H s che chn ca n dy chng st ngm b tr
i xng xung quanh cp (vi x = 0,25 m)
n=4 n=6 n=8

0,16 0,09 0,06

Hnh C B tr dy chng st ngm xung quanh cp

27
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Ph lc D
(Tham kho)

c tnh xung v phng php tnh ton

in tr tip t xung
D1. H s xung
c im lm vic ca h thng tip t i vi dng st (dng xung) khc
vi dng mt chiu v dng c tn s thp (tn s cng nghip, m thanh).
Nu tr s dng xung ln s lm xut hin cng in trng gy nh
xuyn cc phn ring l trong t. Khi xut hin s nh xuyn, in tr sut ca
t gim, din tch tip xc ca in cc tip t tng, do in tr tip t gim.
i vi h thng tip t chng st phi xt n hin tng ny.
D2. in tr tip t xung i vi h thng tip t c mt in cc c xc
nh bng cng thc:
Rx = a.R50
Trong :
R50: in tr tip t i vi dng in tn s cng nghip 50 Hz;
Rx: in tr tip t i vi dng xung.
D.2.1 H s xung a i vi in cc tip t dng ng (cc) c xc nh bng
cng thc:
a = ln(4pl2.E0 / Ix.r) / ln(4l/d)
Trong :
l : Chiu di ca ng (cc), m;
Ix : Bin dng st, A;
d : ng knh ca ng, m (Nu l thp gc thay d = 0,95a, vi a l chiu
rng thp gc);
E0 = (6 - 12) kV/cm - Gi tr trung bnh cng in trng nh xuyn
trong t.
D 2.2 H s xung a i vi di (dy) tip t nm ngang c xc nh bng cng thc:
a = 1 + L0.l/T1.R50
Trong :
L0: in cm mt n v chiu di ca dy (di) tip t nm ngang, c xc
nh nh sau:
L0 = 0,2[ ln(l/b) + 1,2 ] , mH/m;

28
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Trong :
b : Chiu rng ca di;
l : Chiu di ca di hoc dy;
T1 : Thi gian xc lp sn trc ca dng xung st, ms;
R50 : in tr tip t ca di hoc dy tn s cng nghip 50 Hz, W.
D.3 H s xung a ph thuc vo in tr sut ca t, cng dng xung, thi
gian xc lp sn trc ca xung v dng kt cu ca h thng tip t. H
s xung dng tnh ton tip t chng st bo v thit b thng tin c
trnh by cc bng D.1 v D.2
Bng D.1. H s xung ca mt ng hoc cc tip t di (2-3) m
in tr sut H s a khi dng in qua thit b tip t c gi tr, kA
ca t, (W.m) 5 10 20 40

100 0,85 0,90 0,75 0,855 0,6 0,75

0,50 0,60
500 0,6 0,70 0,50 0,60 0,35 0,45
0,25 0,30
1000 0,45 0,55 0,35 0,45 0,25 0,30

Bng D.2. H s xung ca mt di (hoc dy) tip t nm ngang c chiu rng

(20 - 40) mm, vi sn trc ca sng xung T1 = (3 - 6)ms.
in tr Chiu H s xung a khi dng in qua thit b tip t c gi tr, (kA)
sut ca di tip
10 20 40
t, (W.m) t, (m)
5 0,75 0,65 0,40
100
20 1,15 1,05 0,95
5 0,55 0,45 0,30
500
30 1,00 0,90 0,80
10 0,55 0,45 0,35
1000
60 1,15 1,10 0,95

D.4 in tr tip t xung i vi h thng tip t c nhiu in cc

D.4.1 in tr tip t xung ca h thng tip t gm nhiu ng c ni vi
nhau bng dy hoc di cch ly vi t, c xc nh bng cng thc:
Rx = R. a1/n. h1

29
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Trong :
Rx : in tr tip t tng i vi dng xung;
R : in tr tip t ca mt ng;
a1 : H s xung i vi ng tip t;
h1 : H s s dng i vi ng tip t.
D.4.2 in tr tip t xung ca h thng tip t gm nhiu ng c ni vi
nhau bng dy (di) khng cch ly (tip xc trc tip) vi t, c xc nh
bng cng thc:
Rx = R.Rd.a1.a2/(a1.R.h2 + a2.Rd.h1.n)
Cc h s xung ca ng (cc) a1 v ca dy ni a2 c trnh by trong bng D.3.
Bng D.3. H s xung ca ng a1 v dy ni a2
Loi Chiu di H s H s xung vi in tr sut ca t, W.m
tip t tip t, m xung 50 50 100 100 300 300 500 500 1000

ng (cc) 23 a1 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,35

Dy (di)
5 10 a2 1 0,9 0,7 0,5 0,4
ni cc ng

D.5 Tip t dng li

Trong bng D.4 trnh by cc s liu h s xung dng tnh ton tip t dng
li c cc mt li [(5 5) (15 15)] m2 vi bin dng st ln hn 10 kA.
Trong bng D.5 trnh by cc s liu ca h thng tip t dng li, c cc
mt li khc nhau, vi bin dng st nh hn 10 kA v dng st i vo li
tip t nhng ch khc nhau.
Bng D.4. H s xung ca tip t dng li
H s xung a, vi ng knh ca vng trn (m) c din tch tng ng
vi li tip t v ch dng in vo thit b tip t
r , W.m
20 40 70 100
Tm Mp Tm Mp Tm Mp Tm Mp
100 0,7 1,30 1,45 2,70 1,80 3,5 - -
1000 0,5 0,55 0,65 0,85 0,80 1,0 0,75 1,3
2000 - - - - 0,75 0,9 0,80 1,2
5000 - - - - 0,70 0,9 0,75 1,2

30
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Bng D.5. Cc s liu ca h thng tip t dng li

C ca h thng Ch dng st
2
r, W.m Ix (kA) Rx (W) R50 (W) a
tip t, m vo li
Gc 9,7 2,74 2,1 1,30
100
Li 20 x 20 Tm 8,8 1,47 2,1 0,70
Mt li 10 x 10 Gc 4,2 15,2 28,2 0,54
1500
Tm 4,3 14,1 28,2 0,50
Li 40 x 20 Gia ca cnh
1500 4,6 14,2 24,8 0,57
Mt li 10 x 10 di pha ngoi
Li 30 x 30
1500 Gc 4,7 10,8 18,6 0,58
Mt li 10 x 10
Gc 10,5 2,6 0,91 2,85
100
Li 40 x 40 Tm 9,8 1,5 0,91 1,65
Mt li 10 x 10 Gc 4,8 11,3 13,1 0,86
1500
Tm 4,9 8,1 13,1 0,62
Li 60 x 60 Gc 10,0 3,12 0,8 3,9
100
Mt li 10 x 10 Tm 9,8 1,6 0,8 2,0
Ch thch: Rx: in tr tip t tng i vi dng xung;
R50 : in tr tip t tn s 50 Hz.

31
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Ph lc E
(Tham kho)

Xc nh v tr lp t in cc thu st theo
phng php qu cu ln

xc nh cc v tr st c th nh vo cng trnh, ngi ta dng phng

php qu cu ln. Theo phng php ny, in cc thu st phi t v tr sao cho
khng c im no ca i tng cn bo v chm vo mt qu cu ln bn knh R
ln trn mt t, xung quanh v ln trn nh cng trnh theo tt c cc hng c th.
Vng bo v ca mt in cc thu st c th hin trong hnh E.1.

Ch thch:
: Vng bo v ca mt in cc thu st
R: Khong cch phng in
h: cao thu li

Hnh E.1 Vng bo v ca in cc thu st theo phng php qu cu ln

Gia khong cch phng in v dng in c mi quan h nh sau:

R = k. Is0,8 , m
Trong :
Is: Cng dng in st, kA;
R: Khong cch phng in, m;
K: H s, c gi tr (6,710).
Khi phng php qu cu ln c p dng trn bn v, cng trnh phi c
xt t tt c cc hng m bo khng c im no ca cng trnh nm ngoi
vng c bo v, mt iu thng b b qua nu ch xem xt hnh chiu ng,
hnh chiu bng v hnh chiu cnh ca cng trnh.

32
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Ph lc F
(Tham kho)

c im dng st ca Vit Nam

Bng F.1. Mt st ti cc khu vc ca Vit Nam

Khu vc Khu vc min Khu vc Khu vc
Khu vc
c tnh ng bng ni trung du cao nguyn ng bng
ven bin
dng st ven bin min Bc min Trung min Nam
min Trung
min Bc
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
Mt st, Ng
0,1215.Td 0,105.Td 0,06.Td 0,0609.Td 0,063.Td
(ln/km2.nm)

Bng F.2. S gi v ngy dng trung bnh trong nm mt s

a phng ca Vit Nam
Gi dng Ngy dng
TT Tn i trm Tnh/thnh ph K
TB nm TB (Td)
Min Bc
1 Bc Kn Bc Kn 369 89 4,14
2 Bc H Lo Cai 272 79 5,43
3 Bch Long V Hi Phng 181 56 3,23
4 Bc M H Giang 213 60 3,55
5 Bc Sn Lng Sn 173 60 2,88
6 Bi Thng Thanh Ho 268 74 3,62
7 Bi Chy Qung Ninh 248 92 2,69
8 Bo H Lo Cai 317 74 4,28
9 Bo Hc Cao Bng 143 53 2,69
10 Cao Bng Cao Bng 265 91 2,91
11 Ch R Bc Kn 288 75 3,84
12 C Ni Sn La 334 89 3,75
13 Con Cung Ngh An 298 95 4,18
14 Ca Ro Ngh An 248 82 3,02
15 i T Thi Nguyn 318 85 3,73
16 in Bin Lai Chu 285 96 2,79
17 ng Hi Qung Bnh 222 73 3,04
18 H Giang H Giang 417 101 4,13
19 H Nam H Nam 322 86 3,74
20 nh Lp Lng Sn 182 67 2,71

33
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

21 H Tnh H Tnh 281 91 3,08

22 Hm Yn Tuyn Quang 290 84 3,45
23 Hi Dng Hi Dng 233 71 3,35
24 Hong Su Ph H Giang 214 70 3,06
25 Hi Xun Thanh Ho 283 103 3,38
26 Hn Du Hi Phng 275 65 4,23
27 Hng Yn Hng Yn 287 83 3,45
28 Hng Kh H Tnh 355 102 3,48
29 Kim Cng H Tnh 251 84 2,98
30 K Anh H Tnh 220 70 3,15
31 Lc Sn Ho Bnh 368 103 3,57
32 Lai Chu Lai Chu 223 106 2,10
33 Lng H Ni 262 89 2,94
34 Lng Sn Lng Sn 276 80 3,10
35 Lo Cai Lo Cai 302 118 2,55
36 Lc Ngn Bc Giang 293 84 3,48
37 Mai Chu Ho Bnh 380 102 3,72
38 Mc Chu Sn La 278 90 3,18
39 Mng Ci Qung Ninh 436 83 5,25
40 M Cng Chi Yn Bi 255 87 2,93
41 Mng Khng Lo Cai 148 48 3,08
42 Mng T Lai Chu 368 93 3,95
43 Nam nh Nam nh 190 72 2,64
44 Ngn Sn Bc Cn 255 69 3,70
45 Nho Quan Ninh Bnh 281 100 2,81
46 Ninh Bnh Ninh Bnh 171 68 2,52
47 Ph Bng H Giang 248 72 3,44
48 Phong Th Lai Chu 320 84 3,81
49 Ph Lin Hi Phng 360 83 4,34
50 Ph Yn Sn La 328 88 3,73
51 Ph H Ph Th 315 92 3,42
52 Qunh Chu Ngh An 409 112 3,65
53 Qunh Lu Ngh An 323 91 3,54
54 Qunh Nhai Sn La 171 66 2,59
55 Sa Pa Lao Cai 204 74 2,76
56 Sng M Sn La 199 74 2,69
57 Sng ng Bc Giang 311 79 3,93
58 Sn La Sn La 304 97 3,13
59 Sn Ty H Ty 326 72 3,13

34
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

60 Sn H Lai Chu 219 80 2,73

61 Tam o Vnh Ph 217 74 2,93
62 Tam ng Lao Cai 193 64 3,01
63 Ty Hiu Ngh An 269 81 3,31
64 Thi Bnh Thi Bnh 150 88 1,70
65 Thi Nguyn Thi Nguyn 329 87 3,78
66 Thanh Ho Thanh Ho 298 89 3,35
67 Tht Kh Lng Sn 166 59 2,81
68 Thun Chu Sn La 161 66 2,43
69 Tin Yn Qung Ninh 355 84 4,22
70 Trng Khnh Cao Bng 282 84 3,36
71 Tun Gio Lai Chu 255 91 2,80
72 Ta Cha Lai Chu 64 35 1,82
73 Tuyn Quang Tuyn Quang 307 96 3,20
74 Vn Chn Yn Bi 399 90 3,77
75 Vn L Nam nh 333 76 4,38
76 Vinh Ngh An 221 83 2,90
77 Vnh Yn Vnh Phc 207 78 2,65
78 Vit Tr Ph Th 285 89 3,20
79 Yn Bi Yn Bi 251 80 3,13
80 Yn Chu Sn La 177 76 2,32
81 Ca ng Qung Ninh 151 50 3,02
Min Nam
82 A Li Tha Thin-Hu 489 125 3,91
83 Bo Lc Lm ng - 95 -
84 Bn Tre Bn Tre - - -
85 Bin Ho ng Nai - 44 -
86 Bun M Thut k Lk 260 116 2,24
87 C Mau C Mau 256 123 2,08
88 Cam Ranh Khnh Ho 55 40 1,38
89 Cng Long Tr Vinh 289 135 2,14
90 ng Thp ng Thp 397 111 3,58
91 Cn Th Cn Th 207 90 2,30
92 Cn o B Ra - Vng Tu 231 78 2,96
93 Lt Lm ng - 90 -
94 Nng Nng 144 73 2,25
95 Hu Tha Thin - Hu 200 87 2,29
96 KonTum KonTum 163 70 2,32
97 M Rc k Lk 214 94 2,27

35
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

98 Min Ty Ph Yn 191 91 2,10

99 M Tho Tin Giang 309 118 2,62
100 Nam ng Tha Thin-Hu 430 141 3,04
101 Nha Trang Khnh Ho 86,75 55 1,57
102 Phan Thit Bnh Thun 154,75 71 2,17
103 Ph Quc Kin Giang 234,50 .107 2,19
104 Phc Long Bnh Phc 261,50 116 2,25
105 Plyku Gia Lai 206 94 2,19
106 Qung Ninh Qung Ngi 166,75 102 1,63
107 Quy Nhn Bnh nh 101,25 57 1,77
108 Rch Gi Kin Giang 212,50 119 1,78
109 Sc Trng Sc Trng 196,50 98 2,00
110 Tn Sn Nht TP. H Ch Minh 192,50 122 1,57
111 Ty Ninh Ty Ninh 263,25 105 2,50
112 Tr Mi Qung Nam 325 131 2,48
113 Tuy Ho Ph Yn 77,75 57 1,36
114 Vng Tu B Ra-Vng Tu 312 93 2,27

Bng F.3. S phn b cc c tnh chnh ca st mt t

T l phn trm cc kh nng tr s c n
TT c tnh st
tnh c th xy ra ln hn gi tr sau y v
99 90 75 50 25 10 1
1 S st lp 1 1 2 3 5 7 12
2 Khong thi gian gia cc st 10 25 35 55 90 150 400 ms
3 Dng st th nht, Imax 5 12 20 30 50 80 130 kA
4 Bin dng st tip theo 3 6 10 15 20 30 40 kA
5 dc st th nht, (dI/dt) 6 10 15 25 30 40 70 GA/s
6 dc st tip theo, (dI/dt) 6 15 25 45 80 100 200 GA/s
7 Tng in tch a xung 1 3 6 15 40 70 200 C
8 in tch dng mt chiu 6 10 20 30 40 70 100 C
9 Dng mt chiu 30 50 80 100 150 200 400 A
10 Tng thi gian ko di ca st 50 10 250 400 600 900 1500 ms

36
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Ph lc G
(Tham kho)

C s xc nh Gi tr tn sut thit hi cho php

do st gy ra i vi cng trnh vin thng

Tiu chun v gi tr tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi cng trnh vin

thng c xc nh trn nguyn tc m bo ri ro thit hi do st mc chp
nhn c. Mc ny do ch u t hoc c quan chc nng quyt nh. Ri ro thit
hi (R) do st gy ra i vi cng trnh vin thng l tn tht trung bnh hng nm
c th c i vi cng trnh vin thng so vi ton b gi tr cng trnh v ph
thuc vo tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi cng trnh. Do vy, mc ch ca
vic trang b bo v chng st l lm gim tn sut thit hi sao cho ri ro thit hi
mc chp nhn c.

G.1 Ri ro thit hi do st gy ra i vi nh trm vin thng

Ri ro thit hi (R) do st gy ra i vi nh trm vin thng l tn tht (mt
mt) trung bnh hng nm c th c trong nh trm vin thng, c tnh bng
cng thc:
R = S Fi.si (G.1)
Trong :
Fi: Tn sut thit hi do st gy ra i vi nh trm, do cc nguyn nhn st
nh trc tip vo nh trm, vo ct anten k bn, do st nh gn, st lan truyn
qua cc ng dy i vo nh trm;
si: Cc trng s, th hin mc mt mt, tn tht trong mt ln thit hi do
st gy ra i vi nh trm.
- Xt ri ro thit hi vt l (thit hi phn cng ca thit b trong nh trm):
d = 0,8 i vi thit hi do st nh trc tip vo nh trm hoc ct anten k bn;
d = 0,2 i vi thit hi do st nh gn nh trm hoc vo cc ng dy i
vo nh trm.
Do vy, ri ro thit hi vt l c tnh nh sau:
Rphn cng = (Fd + Fa).0,8 + (Fs + Fn).0,2 (G.2)
- Xt ri ro thit hi dch v (thit hi do gin on dch v):
d = 24/8760 2,74.10-3 vi gi thit ton b cc ng dy b mt lin lc
hon ton trong 24 gi.

37
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Do vy, ri ro thit hi dch v c tnh nh sau:

Rdch v = F. 2,74.10-3 , vi F = Fd + Fa + Fs + Fn (G.3)
Mc ri ro thit hi chp nhn c quy nh nh sau:
Rphn cng = 10-3;
Rdch v = 10-4;
C ngha l, ri ro thit hi v gi tr phn cng khng c vt qu 1/1000
ton b gi tr ca cng trnh (xt v mt thit b). ng thi, ri ro thit hi v
dch v (thi gian gin on dch v) khng c vt qu 1/10000 tng s thi
gian cn phc v.
Do vy, phi bo v chng st gim nh tn sut thit hi sao cho ri ro
thit hi phi nh hn hoc bng mc chp nhn c, ngha l:
(Fd + Fa).0,8 + (Fs + Fn).0,2 10-3; (G.4)
v: F. 2,74.10-3 10-4 (G.5)
T hai biu thc trn, c th thy rng iu kin v ri ro thit hi dch v
c tho mn nu tho mn iu kin v ri ro thit hi vt l. Vy, tn sut thit
hi do st gy ra i vi nh trm vin thng cn tho mn biu thc G.4.
Ch : Ri ro thit hi do st gy ra i vi ct cao anten c xc nh theo phng php
tng t nh i vi nh trm vin thng, nhng ch xt ri ro thit hi do st nh trc tip:
Rphn cng = F.0,8;

G.2 Tnh ton ri ro thit hi do st gy ra i vi cp thng tin

Ri ro thit hi (Rp) do st gy ra i vi cp thng tin l tn tht (mt mt)
dch v hng nm do st nh trc tip. Ri ro thit hi c tnh bng cng thc:
Rp = Fpa.sa + Fpb.sb + Fps.s s (G.6)
Trong :
sa : Lng tn tht dch v trong mt ln thit hi do st nh trc tip vo cp treo;
sb : Lng tn tht dch v trong mt ln thit hi do st nh trc tip vo
cp chn ngm;
ss : Lng tn tht dch v trong mt ln thit hi do st nh trc tip vo
kt cu m cp i vo.
Mc ch ca vic bo v chng st l lm gim tn sut thit hi sao cho ri
ro thit hi mc chp nhn c.

38
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

1. Ri ro thit hi do st gy ra i vi tuyn cp kim loi:

i vi tuyn cp kim loi:
sa = 2,1. 10-3;
sb = 3,1. 10-3;
ss = 3,1. 10-3.
Do vy:
Rp = Fpa. 2,1. 10-3 + Fpb. 3,1. 10-3 + Fps. 3,1. 10-3; (G.7)
Mc ri ro thit hi chp nhn c i vi tuyn cp kim loi, Rt, c quy
nh bng 10-3. Do vy, phi bo v chng st gim nh tn sut thit hi sao
cho ri ro thit hi phi nh hn hoc bng mc chp nhn c, ngha l:
Fpa. 2,1. 10-3 + Fpb. 3,1. 10-3 + Fps. 3,1. 10-3 = 10-3; (G.8)
hay:
Fpa. 2,1+ Fpb.3,1+ Fps.3,1 = 1; (G.9)

2. Ri ro thit hi do st gy ra i vi tuyn cp quang:

i vi tuyn cp quang:
s = sa = sb = ss = 10-3;
Do vy:
Rp = (Fpa+ Fpb+ Fps). 10-3; (G.10)
Mc ri ro thit hi chp nhn c i vi tuyn cp quang, Rt, c quy
nh bng 10-4. Do vy, phi bo v chng st gim nh tn sut thit hi sao
cho ri ro thit hi phi nh hn hoc bng mc chp nhn c, ngha l:
(Fpa+ Fpb+ Fps). 10-3 = 10-4; (G.11)
hay:
F = Fpa+ Fpb+ Fps = 10-1 (G.12)

39
TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Ph lc H
(Tham kho)

Cc ni dung kim tra cht lng h thng

chng st ca cng trnh vin thng (CTVT)

Stt Ni dung thc hin Vn bn p dng

nh gi kh nng chng qu p
1 qu dng do st ca bn thn thit TCN 68 - 140:1995
b v ng dy thng tin.
nh gi cc bin php bo v
2 TCN 68 - 174:1998
chng st hin c ca CTVT.
nh gi h thng tip t v/hoc
3 TCN 68 - 141:1999
cu hnh u ni ca CTVT.
nh gi mc trang thit b bo
TCN 68 - 174:1998 &
4 v v kh nng chng qu p qu
TCN 68 - 167:1997
dng ca thit b bo v CTVT.
Tnh ton kim tra tn sut thit hi TCN 68 - 135: 2001
5 do st gy ra i vi CTVT, so snh Chng st bo v cc cng
vi tiu chun. trnh vin thng

40
 TCN 68 - 135: 2001

Ph lc I
(Tham kho)

Ti liu tham kho

1. ITU - T
The protection of telecommunication and equipment against lightning
discharges - ITU, 1974 and 1978.
2. ITU - T, Recommendation K. 39
Risk assessment of damages to telecommunication sites due to lightning
discharges - 10/1996.
3. ITU - T, Recommendation K. 40 Protection against LEMP in
telecommunication centers - 10/1996.
4. ITU - T, Recommendation K. 25 Protection of optical fibre cables - 11/1999
5. ITU - T, Recommendation K. 47 (draft version) Protection of
telecommunication lines using metallic conductors against direct lightning
discharges - 09/ 2000.
6. NZS/ AS 1768 - 1991 New Zeland/Australian Standard
Lightning Protection.
7. IEC 1024 - 1 - 1 Protection of structures against lightning
Part 1: General principles
Section 1: Guide A - Selection of protection levels for lightning protection
systems.
8. TCN68 - 135: 1995 Chng st bo v cc cng trnh vin thng - Tng cc
Bu in, nm 1995.
9. TCN68 - 141: 1999 Tip t cho cc cng trnh vin thng - Tng cc Bu
in, nm 1999.

41