Makalah Seminar GMP Double L PDF

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Masalah............................................................................
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412\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1.3\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Tujuan.............................................................................
.................................................3\par\pard\plain\li1709\sl-
Manfaat............................................................................
................................................3\par\pard\plain\li1709\sl-
417\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 BAB\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
II\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 TINJAUAN\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
PUSTAKA............................................................................
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2.1\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Trihexyphenidyl....................................................................
...........................................4\par\pard\plain\li1709\sl-
412\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2.1.1\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Definisi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Trihexyphenidyl....................................................................
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286\par\pard\plain\li1709\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
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Efek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Samping............................................................................
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Obat...............................................................................
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Obat...............................................................................
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akibat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Dobel\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
L.............................................................10\par\pard\plain\sl-
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L\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ...........................................10\par\
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3.1.2\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Patofsiologi.......................................................................
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Diagnosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ..........................................
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........................................................................17\par\pard
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BAB\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 III\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
KESIMPULAN.........................................................................
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312\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Daftar\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Pustaka............................................................................
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tersangka\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 narkoba\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
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yaitu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dari\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
6.395\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tersangka\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
menjadi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 8.142\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tersangka\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (Kementrian\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
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mental\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
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double\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 L\u8221?\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
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adalah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
(THD)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dikonsumsi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
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265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mabuk.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (THD)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
adalah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 biasa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
digunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Parkinson\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 atau\par\pard\plain\sl-
tremor\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diakibatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 oleh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penyakit\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 lain\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
ataupun\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 merupakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
efek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 samping\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dari\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
obat\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols9\colno1\colw2690\colsr10\colno2\colw1130\colsr10\
colno3\colw1010\colsr10\colno4\colw1210\colsr10\colno5\colw890\colsr10\colno6\colw9
70\colsr10\colno7\colw1130\colsr10\colno8\colw810\colsr10\colno9\colw1980\pard\plai
n\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li1709\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tertentu\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (Wijono,\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
Nasrun,\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Damping,\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
2013).\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Namun\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
beberapa\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 orang\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
justru\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
menyalahgunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penenang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tersebut,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
karena\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 efeknya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
memabukkan.\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw10350\colsr10\colno2\colw1540\
pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li1709\sl-
291\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-263\f1\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2
\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11905\pghsxn16837\sected\cols2\colno1\colw2410\colsr10\co
lno2\colw9480\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
Rumusan\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Masalah\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
1.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Apa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dimaksud\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u8220?
Trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (THD)?\par\pard\plain\sl-
2.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Bagaimana\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u8220?\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
double\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 L\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
\u8221?\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mengakibatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
adiksi?\par\pard\plain\sl-280\par\pard\plain\li1993\sl-
271\f1\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 3.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Bagaimana\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
\u8220?\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 double\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
L\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u8221?\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mengakibatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
gangguan\par\pard\plain\sl-280\par\pard\plain\li2276\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mental\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
perilaku\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
(GMP)?\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw2410\colsr10\colno2\colw9480\pard\p
lain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
Tujuan\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
1.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mengidentifikasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
indikasi,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kontraindikasi,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 efek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
samping\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terkait\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u8220?\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
double\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2276\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 L\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
\u8221?\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (THD).\par\pard\plain\sl-
mengetahui\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 adiksi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
di\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 masyarakat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 disebabkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
oleh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
L\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u8221?\par\pard\plain\sl-
mengetahui\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gangguan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
perilaku\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (GMP)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 diakibatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
oleh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\par\pard\plain\sl-
L\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u8221?\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
(THD).\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw2410\colsr10\colno2\colw9480\pard\p
Manfaat\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
1.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Meningkatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pengetahuan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 serta\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
keterampilan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dokter\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
muda\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tentang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mental\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
(GMP)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terkait\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u8220?
2.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Menambah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kajian\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ilmiah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mengenai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gangguan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
perilaku\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (GMP)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terkait\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2276\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 double\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u8220?
L\u8221?\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
(THD).\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw10350\colsr10\colno2\colw1540\pard\
plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
200\par\pard\plain\sl-264\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-263\f1\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 3
BAB\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 II\par\pard\plain\sl-
TINJAUAN\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 PUSTAKA\par\pard\plain\sl-
2.1\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Trihexyphenidyl\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw3130\colsr10\colno2\colw87
60\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-283\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 2.1.1\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
Definisi\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Trihexyphenidyl\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
Trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 adalah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
agen\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 antikolinergik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 bekerja\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 cara\par\pard\plain\sl-
memblok\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 reseptor\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kolinergik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sentral,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
membantu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
menyeimbangkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 transmisi\par\pard\plain\sl-
kolinergik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dopamine\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 di\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
basal\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ganglia.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 juga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 memblokir\par\pard\plain\sl-
dopamine\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 reuptake\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penyimpanan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dopamine\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 di\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pusat,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sehingga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
meningkatkan\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2418\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 aktivitas\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dopaminergik.\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-287\par\pard\plain\li3138\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
juga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sering\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
berguna\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sebagai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terapi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 adjuvant\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gejala\par\pard\plain\sl-
parkinsonisme\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
levodopa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
agen\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penyakit\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
antiparkinson\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 lebih\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kuat.\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2418\sl-
disetujui\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
digunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 di\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Amerika\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Serikat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sejak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tahun\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
1949.\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2418\sl-
tersedia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dalam\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tablet\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dari\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
2\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
5\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mg.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Dosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dianjurkan\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2418\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 adalah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
2\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sampai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
5\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mg\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tiga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kali\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sehari.\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw2410\colsr10\colno2\colw710\colsr1
0\colno3\colw8760\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
2.1.2\par\pard\column\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Indikasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Pemakaian\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Trihexyphenidyl\par\pard\plain\sl-
200\par\pard\plain\sl-283\par\pard\plain\li42\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
1.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Terapi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 parkinsonisme,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
seperti\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mengurangi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kekakuan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kejang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
otot,\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li402\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tremor,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 hipersaliva.\par\pard\plain\sl-
2.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Gangguan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
ekstrapiramidal\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 karena\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 neuroleptik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
(drug-induced\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li402\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 extrapyramidal\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
reactions)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 misalnya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
akatisia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
bermanifestasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 seperti\par\pard\plain\sl-
263\f1\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 4
kegelisahan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
berlebihan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diskinesia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ditandai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kontraksi\par\pard\plain\sl-
spastik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
gerakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
involunter.\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw3130\colsr10\colno2\colw8760\p
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Kontraindikasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Pemakaian\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Trihexyphenidyl\par\pard\plain\sl-
1.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Hipersentivitas\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terhadap\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Trihexylphenidyl.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sebelumnya\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li360\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sudah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pernah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mengonsumsi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tampak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gejala-gejala\par\pard\plain\sl-
hipersensitivitas\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dianjurkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
menggunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 lagi.\par\pard\plain\sl-
2.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Kehamilan:\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Penelitian\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
hewan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
cukup\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 membuktikan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
efek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\par\pard\plain\sl-
kehamilan,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
perkembangan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
embrio\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 /\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
janin,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 partus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pengembangan\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols7\colno1\colw4730\colsr10\colno2\colw1010\
colsr10\colno3\colw850\colsr10\colno4\colw850\colsr10\colno5\colw1110\colsr10\colno
6\colw910\colsr10\colno7\colw2380\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li3509\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 postnatal.\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
Potensi\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 risiko\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
untuk\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 manusia\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
belum\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diketahui.\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
sebaiknya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
digunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 selama\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kehamilan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kecuali\par\pard\plain\sl-
jelas\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 diperlukan.\par\pard\plain\sl-
Menyusui:\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diketahui\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 apakah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diekskresikan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dalam\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li3509\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ASI.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Bayi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mungkin\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sangat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sensitif\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terhadap\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 efek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dari\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\par\pard\plain\sl-
antimuskarinik.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Semua\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
golongan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 psikotropika\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dihindari\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 bagi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
ibu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\par\pard\plain\sl-
menyusui\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 karena\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diasumsikan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
disekresi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 di\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
ASI.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Trihexyphenidyl\par\pard\plain\sl-
sebaiknya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dihentikan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
selama\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menyusui\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menggunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
PASI\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 apabila\par\pard\plain\sl-
harus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tetap\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
memakai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 trihexyphendyl.\par\pard\plain\sl-
Gangguan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 hipertensi,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
jantung,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 hati\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ginjal\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kontraindikasi,\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols7\colno1\colw4270\colsr10\colno2\colw87
0\colsr10\colno3\colw1010\colsr10\colno4\colw750\colsr10\colno5\colw1130\colsr10\co
lno6\colw1850\colsr10\colno7\colw1960\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li3509\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tetapi\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
pasien\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tersebut\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
harus\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dipantau.\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
Trihexyphenidyl\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
dapat\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
menimbulkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
memperburuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tardive\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dyskinesia,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dianjurkan\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li3509\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
digunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kondisi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
ini.\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw10350\colsr10\colno2\colw1540\pard\pl
ain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
5.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
harus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 digunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 hati-hati\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dengan\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li3509\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 glaukoma,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
myasthenia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gravis,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penyakit\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obstruksi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dari\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 saluran\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
gastro-\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li3509\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 intestinal\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 genitourinari,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 laki-
laki\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tua\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kemungkinan\par\pard\plain\sl-
hipertrofi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 prostat.\par\pard\plain\sl-
Lansia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 :\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 lebih\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dari\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 65\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tahun\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 cenderung\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
relatif\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 lebih\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sensitif\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\par\pard\plain\sl-
memerlukan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 lebih\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kecil.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Anak-anak:\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dianjurkan.\par\pard\plain\sl-
2.1.4\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Efek\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Samping\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-287\par\pard\plain\li3138\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Antikolinergik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
hydrochloride\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (Artane)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mempunyai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 efek\par\pard\plain\sl-
samping\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 utama\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yaitu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sedasi.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Selain\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 itu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
juga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 didapatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
berupa\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2418\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pandangan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kabur,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mulut\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kering,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 serta\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
retensi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 urin.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 umumnya,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
trihexyphenidyl\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2418\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ini\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
digunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dalam\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
hal\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 psikiatri\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mengontrol\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
ekstra\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pyramidal\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sindrom\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\par\pard\plain\sl-
didapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
oleh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 karena\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diantaranya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penggunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
anti\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 psikotik.\par\pard\plain\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Selain\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
somatis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
psikiatri\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tersebut,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 juga\par\pard\plain\sl-
dilaporkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mempunyai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
efek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 euforia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sehingga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 oleh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kaum\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dewasa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
muda\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
selalu\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2418\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mencari\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u8220?
sensasi\u8221?\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dari\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat-obatan,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sering\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mempergunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
trihexyphenidyl\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2418\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sebagai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
bahan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 halusinogenik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 cara\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mengkonsumsinya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 secara\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
per\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 oral\par\pard\plain\sl-
maupun\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mencampur\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
bubuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 rokok.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
(Kaminer,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 et\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
al.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1982)\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
Dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dibilang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ini\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
adalah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pencandu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sedang\par\pard\plain\sl-
bermodal\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kurang.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mengkonsumsi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 rata-rata\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
harian\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yaitu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 30-
40\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mg,\par\pard\plain\sl-
pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pecandu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sempat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mendeskripsikan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
efek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dari\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ini\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
antara\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 lain\par\pard\plain\sl-
anxiolitik,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 membuat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
perasaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menjadi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
euphoria\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
juga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gangguan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tidur.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Tidak\par\pard\plain\sl-
jarang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 juga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mengalami\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
halusinasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 auditorik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 bertingkah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kasar\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
agresif\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 jika\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
keinginannya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
didapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 seperti\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
misalnya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 berkeringat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
secara\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
berlebihan\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw10350\colsr10\colno2\colw1540\p
hingga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sampai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mengancam\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mencelakakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 entah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diri\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sendiri\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
maupun\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 orang\par\pard\plain\sl-
lain.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (Chou,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
K.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2004).\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
2.1.5\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Sediaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Obat\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-283\par\pard\plain\li3149\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Bentuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sediaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 adalah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tablet\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mg,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 5\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mg\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
injeksi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mg/\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 5\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mL.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Sebaiknya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diberikan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 bersama\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
makanan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sebelum\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 jika\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
timbul\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gejala\par\pard\plain\sl-
mulut\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kering,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sesudah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
jika\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 muncul\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mual\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 air\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
liur\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 berlebihan.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Artane\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 harus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diberikan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
jam\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sama\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 setiap\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
harinya.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Kandungan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dari\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Artane\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
ini\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 adalah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
trihexyphenidyl,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
termasuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dalam\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kelas\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 tertiary\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
amines\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 anti\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kolinergik.\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
umumnya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 digunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terapi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penyakit\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Parkinson\u8217?
s.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (MIMS,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
2016)\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-287\par\pard\plain\li3149\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Namun\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kenyataannya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
para\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pencandu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
menggunakannya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dengan\par\pard\plain\sl-
menggunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kira-kira\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
hampir\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mencapai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
empat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kali\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\par\pard\plain\sl-
direkomendasikan.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
(Kaminer,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 et\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
al.,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1982)\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
2.1.6\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Interaksi\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Obat\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-283\par\pard\plain\li2843\sl-
Penggunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
bersama\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 amantadine\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
akan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 meningkatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
efek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 samping\par\pard\plain\sl-
THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
semua\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 golongan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
antikolinergik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 akan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
meningkatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kadar\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
digoxin\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li3127\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 di\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dalam\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 darah.\par\pard\plain\sl-
Dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menurunkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
konsentrasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
haloperidol\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
golongan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 phenothiazines,\par\pard\plain\sl-
menyebabkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
skizofrenia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 memburuk.\par\pard\plain\sl-
Dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menurunkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
motilitas\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 lambung,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
menyebabkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 deaktivasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
levodopa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 di\par\pard\plain\sl-
lambung\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 bertambah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sehingga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 efikasinya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
berkurang.\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-287\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 2.1.7\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Adiksi\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\par\pard\plain\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
adalah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 anti-
parkinson\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
antikolinergik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
secara\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
luas\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw10350\colsr10\colno2\colw1540\pard\pl
ain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-358\par\pard\plain\li1709\sl-
digunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 psikiatrik,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 diindikasikan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penyakit\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 parkinson,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
gerakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 normal,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 parkinsonisme\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 disebabkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
oleh\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
neuroleptik.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Dibandingkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 golongan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
antikolinergik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
lain,\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
paling\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sering\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
disalahgunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 karena\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
efeknya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mempengaruhi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dopamin\par\pard\plain\sl-
dalam\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 otak.\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
Penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
ditemukan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 meningkat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
jumlahnya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tahun-
tahun\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terakhir,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terutama\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
anak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 muda.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Dilaporkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 bahwa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dipakai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
karena\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 motivasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
akan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 efek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
halusinasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
euforia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dimiliki\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dapat\par\pard\plain\sl-
memuaskan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 keinginan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
para\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pencari\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kesenangan.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Akibat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
efek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 halusinasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 euforia\par\pard\plain\sl-
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ditimbulkan,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 banyak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
disalahgunakan.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Hal\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
ini\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 juga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
didorong\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 oleh\par\pard\plain\sl-
mudahnya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 peresepan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mudahnya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 akses\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mendapatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
THD.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Selain\par\pard\plain\sl-
pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 orang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
muda\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sehat,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ini\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
juga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terjadi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 para\par\pard\plain\sl-
mantan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
psikotik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
berobat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ke\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
psikiater\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
merasakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 efek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
euforia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dari\par\pard\plain\sl-
trihexyphenidyl.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Oleh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sebab\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 itu,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dianjurkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 memberikan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
obat\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 antikolinergik,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
termasuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
profilaksis,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kecuali\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
jika\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pasien\par\pard\plain\sl-
mengalami\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 EPS\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 hanya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
digunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terapi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 awal.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sering\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 meminta\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diresepkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
harus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dicurigai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sebagai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
obat,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terutama\par\pard\plain\sl-
jika\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mereka\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mempunyai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 riwayat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
di\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 masa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
lampau.\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-283\par\pard\plain\li3149\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Penggunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dalam\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 jangka\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
panjang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menimbulkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
adiksi,\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 walaupun\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
durasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mencapai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
keadaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ini\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
masih\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 belum\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dapat\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 didefinisikan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
oleh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 para\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
ahli.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ditimbulkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
oleh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
THD\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terjadi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 segera\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
maupun\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 lambat,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diantaranya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 rasa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
gembira,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 insomnia,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kurang\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 istirahat,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
emosi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
labil\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (irritabel),\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
amnesia,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 konfabulasi,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
halusinasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 auditorik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 visual,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
bahkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 delusi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
paranoid.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Episode\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tersebut\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 biasanya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
berhenti\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 jika\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penggunaan\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
dihentikan.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Supresi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kortikal\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mungkin\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
menyebabkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terganggunya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 time\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
sense,\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw10350\colsr10\colno2\colw1540\pard\
plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-300\par\pard\plain\li1709\sl-
258\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
memory,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
insight.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Juga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
menyebabkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kehilangan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kontrol\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 emosi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 persepsi\par\pard\plain\sl-
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 abnormal.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tidur,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 rasa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
gembira,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
perubahan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 afek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mungkin\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 karena\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
eksitasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dari\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
hipotalamus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
Reticular\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Activating\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
System\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (RAS).\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Gejala-\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tersebut\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 biasanya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tampak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 orang-
orang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 usia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
60\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tahun,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dengan\par\pard\plain\sl-
riwayat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kebingungan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
akibat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sedatif,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
arteriosklerotik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 parkinsonisme,\par\pard\plain\sl-
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penyalahguna\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 narkoba.\par\pard\plain\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Banyak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
somatik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
psikiatrik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
disebabkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 oleh\par\pard\plain\sl-
penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
ini,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 salah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
satunya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 adalah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
efek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 toksik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
psikosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\par\pard\plain\sl-
penggunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tinggi,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
juga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terapeutik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 orang-orang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 hipersenstivitas\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
idiosinkratik.\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
Berbagai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 laporan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tentang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 akibat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
adiksi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\par\pard\plain\sl-
ditimbulkan.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Bolin\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
menggambarkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 seorang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
wanita\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 usia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
32\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tahun\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 psikosis\par\pard\plain\sl-
paranoid\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mengkonsumsi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mendapatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
efek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 euforia.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Kemudian\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 The\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
British\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Natonal\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Press\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
1964\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 melaporkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 anak\par\pard\plain\sl-
muda\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mengkonsumsi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tersebut\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mendapatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 efek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
euforia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\par\pard\plain\sl-
halusinasi.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 20\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kasus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 akibat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dilaporkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dari\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Polandia.\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Macvicar\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
melaporkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 seorang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pria\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 30\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tahun\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
skizofrenia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 paranoid\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menggunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tinggi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mendapatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 efek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
euforia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
halusinasi\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mana\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kemudian\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mengalami\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 psikosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
toksik.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Lowry\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
menyatakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 bahwa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
para\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penghuni\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Penjara\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 San\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Quentin\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
menyalahgunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 luar\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
biasa.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Adiksi\par\pard\plain\sl-
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ketergantungan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terhadap\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
juga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dilaporkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
di\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Brasil\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
oleh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Nappo\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dkk,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\par\pard\plain\sl-
mana\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
37\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 orang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sampel\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 didapatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
29\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 orang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 memiliki\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
adiksi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terhadap\par\pard\plain\sl-
obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tersebut.\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw10350\colsr10\colno2\colw1540\pa
rd\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
3.1\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Gangguan\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Mental\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Perilaku\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 akibat\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Dobel\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 L\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
3.1.1\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Definisi\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
gangguan\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 mental\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 perilaku\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
akibat\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Dobel\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
L\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-283\par\pard\plain\li3149\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Gangguan mental dan perilaku akibat
penggunaan zat psikoaktif adalah\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 suatu gangguan jiwa berupa penyimpangan
perilaku yang diakibatkan oleh\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pemakaian zat yang dapat mempengaruhi
sususan saraf pusat sehingga\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menimbulkan gangguan fisik atau mental.
Gangguan ini bervariasi luas dan\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 keparahannya berbeda pada masing-masing
individu (Maramis, 2009).\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
287\par\pard\plain\li3149\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Klasifikasi
gangguan penggunaan zat dapat dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu\par\pard\plain\sl-
286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penyalahgunaan zat dan ketergantungan zat. Penyalahgunaan zat merupakan
suatu\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pola penggunaan zat yang bersifat
patologik, paling sedikit satu bulan lamanya,\par\pard\plain\sl-
286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sehingga
menimbulkan gangguan fungsi sosial atau okupasional. Pola
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 zat yang bersifat patologik dapat berupa
intoksikasi sepanjang hari, terus\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menggunakan zat tersebut walaupun
penderita mengetahui dirinya sedang menderita\par\pard\plain\sl-
286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sakit fisik
berat akibat zat tersebut, atau adanya kenyataan bahwa ia tidak
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 berfungsi dengan baik tanpa menggunakan
zat tersebut. Gangguan yang dapat\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terjadi adalah gangguaan fungsi sosial
yang berupa ketidakmampuan memenuhi\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kewajiban terhadap keluarga atau kawan-
kawannya karena perilakunya yang tidak\par\pard\plain\sl-
286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 wajar,
impulsif, atau karena ekspresi perasaan agresif yang tidak wajar. Dapat
pula\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 berupa pelanggaran lalu lintas dan
kecelakaan lalu lintas akibat intoksikasi, serta\par\pard\plain\sl-
286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 perbuatan
kriminal lainnya karena motivasi memperoleh uang. Ketergantungan
zat,\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 merupakan suatu bentuk gangguan
penggunaan zat yang pada umunya lebih berat.\par\pard\plain\sl-
286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Terdapat
ketergantungan fisik yang ditandai dengan adanya toleransi atau
sindroma\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 putus zat. Toleransi adalah peningkatan
dosis zat yang diperlukan guna memperoleh\par\pard\plain\sl-
286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 efek yang
sama yang biasanya diperoleh dengan dosis lebih
rendah.\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw10230\colsr10\colno2\colw1660\pard
\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
\par\pard\column\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
10
Pil\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 double\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
L\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dikenal\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pil\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
lele,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pil\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
anjing,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pil\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
LL\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ini\par\pard\plain\sl-
mengandung\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 salah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
satu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
anti\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kolinergik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yaitu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 trihexyphenidyl.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Trihexyphenidyl\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 umum\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
digunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dunia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
medis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mengatasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
parkinsonism.\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
zat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ini\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kadang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kurang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diwaspadai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 oleh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
petugas\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kesehatan\par\pard\plain\sl-
(Martinez,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2012)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
karena\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sampai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sekarang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
ini\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 masih\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dijual\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 bebas\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
meskipun\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
ini\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 termasuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
psikotropika\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 golongan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
4\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
semestinya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 harus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
menggunakan\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 resep\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dokter.\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-287\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
Patofisiologi\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-283\par\pard\plain\li3149\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 DSM\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
5\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menyatakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
bahwa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 zat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
adiktif\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mengaktifkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sistem\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 reward\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
di\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 otak.\par\pard\plain\sl-
Perasaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mendapatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kesenangan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sebagai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
umpan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 balik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penggunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 demikian\par\pard\plain\sl-
dirasakan,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sehingga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
keinginan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mengulang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penggunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menjadi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
besar,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 membesar\par\pard\plain\sl-
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kemudian\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sulit\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dikendalikan.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Kesulitan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mengendalikan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penggunaan,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
membuat\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols7\colno1\colw3970\colsr10\colno2\colw1630\colsr
10\colno3\colw950\colsr10\colno4\colw990\colsr10\colno5\colw1210\colsr10\colno6\col
w830\colsr10\colno7\colw2260\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penggunanya\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
menggunakan\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 hampir\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
seluruh\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 waktunya\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
untuk\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
mencari,\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
menggunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mengatasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 rasa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 nyaman\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
jika\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
menggunakan.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Dengan\par\pard\plain\sl-
demikian\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 waktu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 beraktivitas,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
bersosialisasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
hampir\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 semua\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kewajiban\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dalam\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
hidupnya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terabaikan.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Pengaktifan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pusat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sistem\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 reward,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
membuat\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penggunanya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
euforia,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
biasa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 disebut\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u8220?
high\u8221?\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (American Psychiatric
Association,\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2013).\par\pard\plain\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Efek euforia dari penyalahgunaan THD
melibatkan sistem dopamin\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mesolimbik sebagai target utama
utamanya. Sistem ini berasal dari daerah\par\pard\plain\sl-
286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tegmental
ventral (VTA), struktur kecil di ujung batang otak, yang
memiliki\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 proyeksi ke nucleus accumbens, amygdala,
dan korteks prefrontal. Sebagian besar\par\pard\plain\sl-
286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 neuron
proyeksi VTA adalah neuron penghasil dopamin. Efek langsung suatu
zat\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 adiktif ke VTA menyebabkan pelepasan
dopamine berlebihan. Zat adiktif
dapat\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw10230\colsr10\colno2\colw1660\pard\p
\par\pard\column\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
11
258\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mengeluarkan dopamine 2 hingga 10 kali lipat lebih banyak daripada
kondisi\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 fisiologisnya sehingga muncul efek
reward dan euforia pada pemakai. Proses\par\pard\plain\sl-
286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pembentukan
perilaku di hippocampus dan amygdala juga berperan dalam\par\pard\plain\sl-
286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menyebabkan
adiksi.\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-287\par\pard\plain\li3149\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Pada orang yang telah teradiksi oleh
suatu zat, otak beradaptasi dengan cara\par\pard\plain\sl-
286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mengurangi
produksi dopamine atau membuat reseptor dopamine menjadi tidak\par\pard\plain\sl-
286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sensitif.
Adaptasi ini menyebabkan dopamine kehilangan efek di nukleus\par\pard\plain\sl-
286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 accumbens
(\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i\ul0\strike0 reward
system\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ) sehingga tidak didapatkan efek yang
sama seperti pada\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 awal pemakaian. Hal ini menyebabkan
pemakai menambah dosis zat yang\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 digunakan agar mendapatkan efek yang
sama seperti pada dosis rendah. Apabila\par\pard\plain\sl-
286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pemakaian
obat terus-menerus dilakukan maka otak akan menyesuaikan\par\pard\plain\sl-
286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kondisinya
dimana keadaan equilibrium tercapai apabila obat tersebut sedang\par\pard\plain\sl-
286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 digunakan.
Gejala putus zat (\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i\ul0\strike0
withdrawal\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ) akan muncul ketika obat
tersebut tidak\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dikonsumsi.\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-283\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
Gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Gangguan\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Mental\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Perilaku\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Akibat\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Zat\par\pard\plain\sl-
(\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 Double\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0
L\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 )\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw2970\cols
r10\colno2\colw8920\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2418\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 a.\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
Gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Intoksikasi\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Suatu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kondisi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 peralihan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 timbul\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
akibat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penggunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
zat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sehingga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terjadi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
gangguan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kesadaran,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
fungsi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kognitif,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
persepsi,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 afek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 perilaku,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
atau\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2418\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 fungsi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 respons\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
psikofisiologis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
lainnya.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Intensitas\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
intoksikasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 akan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
berkurang\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2418\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
berlalunya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 waktu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
akhirnya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 efeknya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
akan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menghilang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
bila\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tidak\par\pard\plain\sl-
terjadi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penggunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
zat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (Maslim,2003).\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 intoksikasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menggunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (Stahl,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
2014)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 antara\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
lain:\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols4\colno1\colw2470\colsr10\colno2\colw350\colsr10\
colno3\colw7390\colsr10\colno4\colw1660\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
\u183?\par\pard\column\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-302\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Cardiac\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
arrest\par\pard\column\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
12
240\f2\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u183?\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
\u183?\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-328\par\pard\plain\li2483\sl-
\u183?\par\pard\column\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
Depresi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 nafas\par\pard\plain\sl-
Psikosis\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-302\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Syok\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
307\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Koma\par\pard\plain\sl-
Kejang\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-302\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Ataksia\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
Hipertermia\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-307\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Disfagia\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
Penurunan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 bising\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
usus\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-302\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
Anhidrosis\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 b.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Putus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Zat\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2702\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Penghentian\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penggunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pemakai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 telah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mengonsumsi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\par\pard\plain\sl-
dalam\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 jangka\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
panjang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
menimbulkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
putus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 zat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 cholinergic\par\pard\plain\sl-
rebound.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Dalam\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sebuah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 studi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dilakukan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
oleh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 FDA\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sejak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tahun\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 melibatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
2.340\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ditemukan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
beberapa\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2702\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 muncul\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penderita:\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols4\colno1\colw2390\colsr10\colno2\colw710\col
sr10\colno3\colw7110\colsr10\colno4\colw1660\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
263\f1\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \par\pard\column\plain\sl-
\u183?\par\pard\plain\sl-331\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
240\f2\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u183?\par\pard\plain\sl-
240\f2\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u183?\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
Myalgia\par\pard\plain\sl-305\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Kram\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
otot\par\pard\plain\sl-305\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Diaforesis\par\pard\plain\sl-300\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Gastrointestinal\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
distress\par\pard\plain\sl-305\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Letargi\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
\u183?\par\pard\column\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
Depresi\par\pard\plain\sl-305\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Cemas\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
berlebihan\par\pard\plain\sl-300\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Takikardi\par\pard\plain\sl-
Hipotensi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ortostatik\par\pard\plain\sl-
Halusinasi\par\pard\plain\sl-305\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Relaps\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
/\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 eksaserbasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
EPS\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
3.1.4\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Kriteria\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0
Diagnosis\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-287\par\pard\plain\li3138\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Penegakkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diagnosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penderita/penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mirip\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penegakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diagnosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pemakai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 NAPZA.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Penegakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 diagnosisnya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sering\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kali\par\pard\plain\sl-
tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mudah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dilakukan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 oleh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kerena\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 adanya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
stigma\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 di\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
masyarakat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terhadap\par\pard\plain\sl-
penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Hal\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ini\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
membuat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
bersifat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tertutup\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menghindar\par\pard\plain\sl-
untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mengatakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
keadaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sebenarnya.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
umumnya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mengaku\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
setelah\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2418\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 muncul\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
intoksikasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 putus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
zat.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Beberapa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
teknik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 khusu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 digunakan\par\pard\plain\sl-
untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 membuat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 percaya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
berterus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
antara\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
lain:\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw3130\colsr10\colno2\colw8760\pard\pl
ain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2418\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
1.\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Teknik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Wawancara\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
Wawancara\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dilakukan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 secara\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
alloanamnesis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 maupun\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
autoanamnesis.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Urutan\par\pard\plain\sl-
pelaksanaannya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dilakukan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
alloanamnesis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terlebih\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dahulu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sebaliknya\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 juga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
bersamaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tergantung\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
situasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kondisi.\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 A.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Alloanamnesis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dilakukan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sebelum\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Autoanamnesis\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols8\colno1\colw3130\colsr10\colno2\colw1030
\colsr10\colno3\colw750\colsr10\colno4\colw1490\colsr10\colno5\colw1190\colsr10\col
no6\colw990\colsr10\colno7\colw970\colsr10\colno8\colw2280\pard\plain\sl-
\u183?\par\pard\column\plain\sl-305\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Petugas\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
telah\par\pard\column\plain\sl-305\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 memperoleh\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
informasi\par\pard\column\plain\sl-305\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tentang\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
pasien,\par\pard\column\plain\sl-305\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
sehingga\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
autoanamnesis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 lebih\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terarah\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols4\colno1\colw2390\colsr10\colno2\colw730\colsr1
0\colno3\colw7090\colsr10\colno4\colw1660\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
263\f1\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \par\pard\column\plain\sl-
Kemungkinan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
lebih\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terbuka\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
menyangkal\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 lagi\par\pard\plain\sl-
Pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menyatakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sudah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 berhenti\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
menggunakan\par\pard\column\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
200\par\pard\plain
\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
Petugas\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terpengaruh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
orang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tua/guru\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terlalu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kuatir,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
hal\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pasien\par\pard\plain\sl-
tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menggunakan\par\pard\plain\sl-
Pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mencurigai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
petugas\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sudah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terpengaruh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
mengantar,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sehingga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kooperatif\par\pard\plain\sl-
B.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Alloanamnesis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dilakukan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sesudah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Autoanamnesis\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw3130\colsr10\colno2\colw8760
\pard\plain\sl-351\par\pard\plain\li2418\sl-240\f2\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
\u183?\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
Petugas\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 belum\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dipengaruhi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 oleh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
keterangan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diberikan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 orang\par\pard\plain\sl-
tua/pengantar\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 lain.\par\pard\plain\sl-
Pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
berprasangka\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 bahwa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
petugas\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 telah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dipengaruhi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 orang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tua/guru\par\pard\plain\sl-281\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
berpihak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menyalahkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pasien\par\pard\plain\sl-305\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Kemungkinan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 membohongi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tidak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terbuka\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
petugas\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
C.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Autoanamnesis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Alloanamnesis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dilakukan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
bersamaan\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols9\colno1\colw3130\colsr10\colno2\colw870\cols
r10\colno3\colw710\colsr10\colno4\colw750\colsr10\colno5\colw1270\colsr10\colno6\co
lw1150\colsr10\colno7\colw910\colsr10\colno8\colw710\colsr10\colno9\colw2320\pard\p
lain\sl-351\par\pard\plain\li2418\sl-240\f2\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Pasien\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
tidak\par\pard\column\plain\sl-305\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dapat\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
berbohong\par\pard\column\plain\sl-305\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mengenai\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
305\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 hal-
hal\par\pard\column\plain\sl-305\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
diketahui\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
orangtua/guru\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw3130\colsr10\colno2\colw8760
\pard\plain\sl-351\par\pard\plain\li2418\sl-240\f2\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 bersikap\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tertutup\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
Apabila\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sudah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 bersikap\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terbuka,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 anamnesis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mengenai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penggunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
obat\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2069\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 psikotropika\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dipakai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
harus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 digali\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
lebih\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dalam\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
meliputi:\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2789\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 a.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Keluhan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 riwayat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
perjalanan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penyakit\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terdahulu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pernah\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2789\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 diderita\par\pard\plain\sl-
Riwayat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Kapan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pertama\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kali\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menggunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Lamanya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pemakaian\par\pard\plain\sl-
3)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Dosis,Frekuensi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 cara\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pemakaian\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2789\sl-
Cara\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mendapatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Riwayat/gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
intoksikasi/gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
putus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
zat\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw10230\colsr10\colno2\colw1660\pard\pla
in\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-379\par\pard\plain\li1709\sl-
15
6)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Alasan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Taraf\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Fungsi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sosial\par\pard\plain\sl-
1)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Riwayat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pendidikan\par\pard\plain\sl-
2)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Latar\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
belakang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kriminal\par\pard\plain\sl-
3)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Status\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
keluarga\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2789\sl-
Kegiatan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sosial\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
lain\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li3149\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Evaluasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
keadaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 psikologi\par\pard\plain\sl-
1)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Keadaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
emosi\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2789\sl-
Kemampuan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pengendalian\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
impuls\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2789\sl-
Kemungkinan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tindak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kekerasan,bunuh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 diri\par\pard\plain\sl-
4)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Riwayat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
perawatan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terdahulu\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw2830\colsr10\colno2\colw9060\par
d\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
Pemeriksaan\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
A.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Fisik\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols7\colno1\colw4010\colsr10\colno2\colw770\colsr10\
colno3\colw1190\colsr10\colno4\colw1430\colsr10\colno5\colw910\colsr10\colno6\colw1
530\colsr10\colno7\colw2000\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Pemeriksaan\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
fisik\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terutama\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
difokuskan\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 untuk\par\pard\column\plain\sl-
menemukan\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
gejala\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
intoksikasi/ioverdosis/putus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
zat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
komplikasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 medik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
lainnya.\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Perhatikan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terutama\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 :\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kesadaran,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pernafasan,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tensi,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 nadi,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tanda-
tanda\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kejang,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
nyeri\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
otot,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 keringat,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penurunan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 bising\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
usus.\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 B.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Psikiatrik\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols3\colno1\colw3130\colsr10\colno2\colw350\col
sr10\colno3\colw8400\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
\par\pard\column\plain\sl-351\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
derajat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kesadaran\par\pard\plain\sl-
daya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 nilai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
realitas\par\pard\plain\sl-305\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gangguan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 alam\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
perasaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (misal\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
cemas,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gelisah,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
marah,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 emosi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
labil,\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sedih,depresi,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
euforia)\par\pard\plain\sl-305\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gangguan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 proses\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pikir\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (misalnya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
waham,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 curiga,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
paranoid,\par\pard\plain\sl-281\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 halusinasi)\par\pard\plain\sl-
gangguan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
psikomotor\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
(hipperaktif/\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
hipoaktif,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 agresif\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pola\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
tidur,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sikap\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
manipulatif\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 lain-
lain)\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw2830\colsr10\colno2\colw9060\pard\pl
ain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
Tatalaksana\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
Dosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 manusia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mencapai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
300\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mg\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
(5mg/kg)\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tanpa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
didapatkan\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2495\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tanda-tanda\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
overdosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 akibat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
THD,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 namun\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
beberapa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kasus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
meninggal\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2495\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 berhubungan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pemakaian\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 merupakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
memiliki\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gangguan\par\pard\plain\sl-
dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sistem\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
respirasi.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Kadar\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dalam\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
darah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menyebabkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
fatal\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2495\sl-
diperkirakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dari\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
0,03-0,80\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mg/l.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Overdosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
membuat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gejala-gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 serupa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 intoksikasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
atropine.\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-283\par\pard\plain\li2855\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pemakai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
masih\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 menggunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
ingin\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 berhenti\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kita\par\pard\plain\sl-
tawarkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
tapering\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 down\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 namun\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 beberapa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pemakai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sudah\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 overdosis,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kita\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 harus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mampu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mengatasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
overdosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 akut\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terapi\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 simptomatik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terapi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
supportive,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 seperti\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kumbah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 lambung\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mengurangi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 absorpsi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dari\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 berlebihan,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 jika\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
didapatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 eksitasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
CNS\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diberikan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
rendah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 diazepam\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 barbiturat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
short-acting.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Terapi\par\pard\plain\sl-
supportive\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 diberikan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dengan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 melihat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
klinis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pasien,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
seperti\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 alat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
bantu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 nafas\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\par\pard\plain\sl-
vasopressor\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
membantu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 jika\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terdapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tanda-tanda\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
distress\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 nafas.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Suhu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tubuh\par\pard\plain\sl-
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 keseimbangan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
asam\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 basa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pada\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tubuh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pasien\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 harus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
diobservasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 secara\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
rutin,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\par\pard\plain\sl-
jika\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terdapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
hiperpirexia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dilakukan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pemasangan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
infus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
observasi\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 produksi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
urin.\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw10230\colsr10\colno2\colw1660\pard\p
265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 BAB III\par\pard\plain\sl-
252\par\pard\plain\li5278\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0
KESIMPULAN\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
1.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
merupakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 salah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
satu\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
anti\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kolinergik\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 umum\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dipakai\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mengatasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
parkinsonism,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
memblokir\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dopamine\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
reuptake\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\par\pard\plain\sl-
penyimpanan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dopamine\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
di\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pusat,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
sehingga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 meningkatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
aktivitas\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dopaminergik..\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw2470\colsr10\colno2\colw942
0\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2069\sl-265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
2.\par\pard\column\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-
merupakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 banyak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
disalahgunakan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 di\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Indonesia,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1\colno1\colw11900\pard\plain\sl-
sebagian\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 besar\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dokter-dokter\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 belum\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
banyak\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mengetahui\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
bahwa\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
ini\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 banyak\par\pard\plain\sl-
disalahgunakan.\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2069\sl-
Trihexyphenidyl\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 memberi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
efek\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 halusinasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 euforia\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
memuaskan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 keinginan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
para\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pencari\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
kesenangan.\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2069\sl-
Banyaknya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kasus\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 juga\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
didorong\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 oleh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mudahnya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
peresepan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\par\pard\plain\sl-
dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 mudahnya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
akses\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 untuk\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mendapatkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD.\par\pard\plain\sl-
5.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ditimbulkan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
oleh\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penyalahgunaan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terjadi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 segera\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
maupun\par\pard\plain\sl-281\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 lambat,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
gejala\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 intoksikasi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 diantaranya\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
Cardiac\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 arrest,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
depresi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 nafas,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
psikosis,\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 syok,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
koma,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 kejang,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
ataksia,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 hipertermia,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
disfagia,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 penurunan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
bising\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 usus,\par\pard\plain\sl-
anhidrosis\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-287\par\pard\plain\li2069\sl-
Tatalaksana\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 bagi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
pemakai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 THD\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 masih\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
belum\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 berhenti\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
memakai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 obat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
adalah\par\pard\plain\sl-286\par\pard\plain\li2429\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 tapering\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
down\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
bagi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pemakai\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
yang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 overdosis\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
atau\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sedang\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
mengalami\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 gejala\par\pard\plain\sl-
adalah\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 terapi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
suportif\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
terapi\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
simptomatik.\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw10230\colsr10\colno2\colw1660
\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-
18
Daftar\f0\fs24\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Pustaka\par\pard\plain\sl-
265\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Kementrian\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Kesehatan\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 RI,\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
2014.\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Pengguna\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Narkoba\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dapat\f0\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
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