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17
UNWTO
Tourism Definitions
1
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Table of contents
Gastronomy tourism | Tourisme de
gastronomie | Turismo gastronómico 44
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Introduction
Since its establishment in 2013 as a subsidiary (A/RES/684 (XXII)) some operational definitions
organ of the Executive Council, the Committee used in the tourism value chain, as well as a
6 on Tourism and Competitiveness (CTC) has set of operational definitions on some selected
focused its work mainly on assessing the state tourism types. Along with the operational
of knowledge on the basic concept of tourism definitions the Committee has also focused on
competitiveness and identifying its key factors. identifying the key quantitative and qualitative
factors for tourism competitiveness under two
This process has also included identifying, categories:
developing and harmonizing concepts, models 1. Governance, management and market
and operational definitions used in the tourism dynamics; and
value chain within a hierarchichal structure, 2. Destination appeal, attractors, products
from general to the specific. and supply.
This should lead to a validation process which It is aimed that these operational definitions
will reinforce the normative role of the World provide UNWTO members and other tourism
Tourism Organization (UNWTO) while the stakeholders with a comprehensive and
technical outputs and recommendations can concise, operational, applicable and globally
be used by UNWTO members for different relevant conceptual framework on some
purposes such as measuring, labelling and/or concepts used in the tourism value chain and
benchmarking. on some selected tourism types to set the
scene and contribute to establish a common
As an outcome of the work of the CTC, ground for a harmonized understanding.
the 22nd Session of the General Assembly
held in Chengdu, China (11–16 September
2017), adopted as Recommendations
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Note: The definitions in this publication were drawn up by the CTC originally in English. In case of conflict or
discrepancy between the French or Spanish and the English version, the English version shall prevail.
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Introduction
Note: Ces définitions ont été établies par le CTC, initialement en anglais. En cas de discordance ou d’incohérence
entre la version anglaise et toute autre version linguistique de la présente publication, seule la version en
langue anglaise fait foi.
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Introducción
Desde su establecimiento en 2013 como Como resultado del trabajo del CTC, la
órgano subsidiario del Consejo Ejecutivo, el 22ª Sesión de la Asamblea General celebrada
10 Comité de Turismo y Competitividad (CTC) en Chengdu, China (11–16 de septiembre de
ha centrado su trabajo principalmente en 2017), adoptó como recomendaciones
evaluar el estado del conocimiento en torno (A/RES/684 (XXII)) algunas definiciones
al concepto básico de competitividad turística operativas utilizadas en la cadena de valor del
y en identificar sus factores clave. turismo así como un conjunto de definiciones
operativas de diversos tipos de turismo
Este proceso ha conllevado a la vez identificar, priorizados en esta fase. Además de estas
desarrollar y armonizar los conceptos, los definiciones operativas, el Comité también
modelos y las definiciones operativas que se ha centrado en identificar los factores
se utilizan en la cadena de valor del turismo cuantitativos y cualitativos relevantes para la
dentro de una estructura jerárquica que va de competitividad turística, bajo dos categorías:
lo general a lo específico. 1. gobernanza, gestión y dinámicas de
mercado,
Ello llevaría a un proceso de validación que 2. recursos, atracciones, productos y oferta
reforzará el papel normativo de la Organización del destino.
Mundial del Turismo (OMT), al tiempo que
los resultados técnicos y las recomendaciones El objetivo es que estas definiciones operativas
pueden ser utilizados por los miembros de faciliten a los miembros de la OMT un marco
la OMT para distintos propósitos, como conceptual completo, conciso, operacional,
la medición, la catalogación y el análisis aplicable y globalmente relevante sobre
comparativo. algunos conceptos que se emplean en la
cadena de valor del turismo y sobre algunos
tipos de turismo, con el fin de fijar el escenario
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Nota: Estas definiciones han sido elaboradas por el CTC originalmente en inglés. En caso de conflicto o
discrepancia entre la versión original en inglés y cualquier otra versión en otro idioma, prevalecerá la
versión en inglés.
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Operational definitions
used in the
tourism value chain
Définitions opérationnelles
utilisées dans la chaîne
de valeur du tourisme
Definiciones operativas
utilizadas en la cadena
de valor del turismo
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Destino turístico
Organización de gestión/
marketing de destino (OGD/OMD)
Tourism product
The tourism value chain is the sequence On entend par chaîne de valeur touristique
of primary and support activities which are la séquence d’activités primaires et d’appui
20 strategically fundamental for the performance fondamentales, du point de vue stratégique,
of the tourism sector. Linked processes such au rendement du secteur du tourisme. Les
as policy making and integrated planning, processus reliés entre eux d’élaboration
product development and packaging, des politiques et de planification intégrée,
promotion and marketing, distribution and de développement des produits et de
sales and destination operations and services composition de forfaits, de promotion et
are the key primary activities of the tourism de marketing, de distribution et de vente
value chain. ou encore l’activité et les services de la
destination sont les principales activités
Support activities involve transport and primaires de la chaîne de valeur touristique.
infrastructure, human resource development,
technology and systems development and Les activités d’appui comprennent le transport
other complementary goods and services et l’infrastructure, le développement des
which may not be related to core tourism ressources humaines, le développement des
businesses but have a high impact on the technologies et des systèmes et d’autres
value of tourism. biens et services complémentaires n’étant
pas forcément liés à l’exploitation touristique
proprement dite, mais ayant une forte
incidence sur la valeur du tourisme.
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Innovation in tourism
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Competitiveness Compétitivité
of a tourism destination d’une destination touristique
Competitividad
de un destino turístico
Operational definitions
on tourism types
Définitions opérationnelles
des formes de tourisme
Definiciones operativas
de tipos de turismo
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Cultural tourism
Ecotourism
Écotourisme Ecoturismo
Rural tourism is a type of tourism activity in Le tourisme rural est un type d’activité
which the visitor’s experience is related to touristique dans lequel l’expérience du
34 a wide range of products generally linked visiteur mobilise une large gamme de produits
to nature-based activities, agriculture, rural généralement en rapport avec les activités de
lifestyle / culture, angling and sightseeing. nature, l’agriculture, la culture/les modes de vie
ruraux, la pêche d’agrément et les excursions.
Rural tourism activities take place in non-urban
(rural) areas with the following characteristics: Les activités de tourisme rural se pratiquent
1. Low population density; dans des environnements non urbains (ruraux)
2. Landscape and land-use dominated by présentant les caractéristiques suivantes :
agriculture and forestry; and 1. une faible densité de population,
3. Traditional social structure and lifestyle. 2. des paysages et des terres à vocation
essentiellement agricole et sylvicole, et
3. une structure sociale et des modes de vie
traditionnels.
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Turismo rural
Turismo de aventura
Health tourism
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Le tourisme de santé recouvre les types de El turismo de salud cubre aquellos tipos de
tourisme ayant pour motivation première la turismo que tienen como motivación primordial
contribution à la santé physique, mentale et/ou la contribución a la salud física, mental y/o 39
spirituelle moyennant des activités médicales espiritual gracias a actividades médicas y
et de bien-être qui développent l’aptitude de de bienestar que incrementan la capacidad de
chacun à satisfaire ses besoins et à mieux las personas para satisfacer sus propias
fonctionner en tant qu’individu dans son milieu necesidades y funcionar mejor como
et au sein de la société. individuos en su entorno y en la sociedad.
Wellness tourism
Medical tourism
Business tourism is a type of tourism activity in Le tourisme d’affaires est un type d’activité
42 which visitors travel for a specific professional touristique dans lequel le visiteur, pour un
and/or business purpose to a place outside motif professionnel et/ou d’affaires bien précis,
their workplace and residence with the aim of voyage en dehors de son lieu de travail et de
attending a meeting, an activity or an event. résidence pour assister à une réunion, une
The key components of business tourism activité ou un événement. Les principales
are meetings, incentives, conventions and composantes du tourisme d’affaires sont les
exhibitions. réunions, les voyages de gratification, les
congrès et les salons.
The term “meetings industry” within the
context of business tourism recognizes the L’expression « industrie des réunions » dans
industrial nature of such activities. Business le contexte du tourisme d’affaires traduit
tourism bien le fait que ces activités ont le caractère
can be combined with any other tourism type d’industrie. Le tourisme d’affaires peut être
during the same trip. combiné à
tout autre type de tourisme au cours du même
voyage.
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Turismo de negocios
(relacionado con la industria
de reuniones)
Turismo gastronómico
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Maritime tourism refers to sea-based activities Le tourisme maritime s’entend des activités
such as cruising, yachting, boating and pratiquées en mer telles que les croisières, la
nautical sports and includes their respective navigation à bord de yachts et de bateaux de
land-based services and infrastructure. plaisance et les sports nautiques, y compris
leurs infrastructures et leurs services terrestres
Inland water tourism refers to tourism activities respectifs.
such as cruising, yachting, boating and
nautical sports which take place in aquatic- Le tourisme en eaux intérieures s’entend des
influenced environments located within land activités touristiques telles que les croisières,
boundaries and include lakes, rivers, ponds, la navigation à bord de yachts et de bateaux
streams, groundwater, springs, cave waters de plaisance et les sports nautiques qui
and others traditionally grouped as inland sont pratiquées dans des environnements
wetlands. aquatiques situés à l’intérieur d’un périmètre
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Turismo urbano
Mountain tourism
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Education tourism covers those types of Le tourisme éducatif réunit les types de
tourism which have as a primary motivation tourisme ayant pour motivation première
52 the tourist’s engagement and experience in la participation du touriste à des activités
learning, self-improvement, intellectual growth d’apprentissage, de développement
and skills development. Education Tourism personnel, d’enrichissement intellectuel et
represents a broad range of products and de perfectionnement des compétences, et
services related to academic studies, skill l’expérience correspondante. Le tourisme
enhancement holidays, school trips, sports éducatif recouvre une large gamme de
training, career development courses and produits et de services liés aux études, séjours
language courses, among others. de renforcement des compétences, voyages
scolaires, stages sportifs, formations axées
sur la progression professionnelle et cours de
langues, entre autres.
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Turismo educativo
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Sports tourism
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The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any
opinions whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Tourism Organization concerning the legal status
of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
The definitions in this publication were drawn up by the Committee on Tourism and Competitiveness (CTC)
originally in English, being the working language of this UNWTO technical committee.The definitions were adopted
as recommendations by the UNWTO General Assembly at its 22nd session held on 11–16 September 2017 in
Chengdu, China (A/RES/684(XXII)). In case of conflict or discrepancy between the French or Spanish and the English
version, the English version shall prevail.
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Citation :
English : World Tourism Organization ( 2019 ), UNWTO Tourism Definitions, UNWTO, Madrid,
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284420858.
Français : Organisation mondiale du tourisme ( 2019 ), Définitions du tourisme de l’OMT, OMT, Madrid,
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284420858.
Español : Organización Mundial del Turismo ( 2019 ), Definiciones de turismo de la OMT, OMT, Madrid,
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284420858.
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