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Mathematics: applications and interpretation
Higher level
Paper 2

Monday 9 May 2022 (morning)

2 hours

Instructions to candidates
y Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
y A graphic display calculator is required for this paper.
y Answer all the questions in the answer booklet provided.
y Unless otherwise stated in the question, all numerical answers should be given exactly or
correct to three significant figures.
y A clean copy of the mathematics: applications and interpretation formula booklet is
required for this paper.
y The maximum mark for this examination paper is [110 marks].

2222 – 7212
8 pages © International Baccalaureate Organization 2022
 –2– 2222 – 7212

Answer all questions in the answer booklet provided. Please start each question on a new page.
Full marks are not necessarily awarded for a correct answer with no working. Answers must be
supported by working and/or explanations. Solutions found from a graphic display calculator should
be supported by suitable working. For example, if graphs are used to find a solution, you should sketch
these as part of your answer. Where an answer is incorrect, some marks may be given for a correct
method, provided this is shown by written working. You are therefore advised to show all working.

1. [Maximum mark: 13]

Scott purchases food for his dog in large bags and feeds the dog the same amount of
dog food each day. The amount of dog food left in the bag at the end of each day can be
modelled by an arithmetic sequence.

On a particular day, Scott opened a new bag of dog food and fed his dog. By the end of the
third day there were 115.5 cups of dog food remaining in the bag and at the end of the eighth
day there were 108 cups of dog food remaining in the bag.

(a) Find the number of cups of dog food

(i) fed to the dog per day;

(ii) remaining in the bag at the end of the first day. [4]

(b) Calculate the number of days that Scott can feed his dog with one bag of food. [2]

In 2021, Scott spent $625 on dog food. Scott expects that the amount he spends on dog food
will increase at an annual rate of 6.4 %.

(c) Determine the amount that Scott expects to spend on dog food in 2025. Round your
answer to the nearest dollar. [3]
10
(n −1)
(d) (i) Calculate the value of  ​​ ∑ ​ (​ 625 × 1.​064​​  ​)​​  .
n =1

(ii) Describe what the value in part (d)(i) represents in this context. [3]

(e) Comment on the appropriateness of modelling this scenario with a geometric sequence. [1]
 –3– 2222 – 7212

2. [Maximum mark: 15]

A cafe makes  x  litres of coffee each morning. The cafe’s profit each morning,  C , measured
in dollars, is modelled by the following equation

10 ( 100 )
3   ​  ​x​ 2​ ​
x  ​​  ​k​ 2​ − ​ ____
C = ​ ___
​
where  k  is a positive constant.

(a) dC ​ ​  in terms of  k  and  x .

Find an expression for  ​​ ___ [3]
dx
(b) Hence find the maximum value of  C  in terms of  k . Give your answer in the form  ​p​k​ 3​​  ,
where  p  is a constant. [4]

The cafe’s manager knows that the cafe makes a profit of $426 when 20 litres of coffee are
made in a morning.

(c) (i) Find the value of  k .

(ii) Use the model to find how much coffee the cafe should make each morning to
maximize its profit. [3]

(d) Sketch the graph of  C  against  x , labelling the maximum point and the  x-intercepts
with their coordinates. [3]

The manager of the cafe wishes to serve as many customers as possible.

(e) Determine the maximum amount of coffee the cafe can make that will not result in a
loss of money for the morning. [2]

Turn over
 –4– 2222 – 7212

3. [Maximum mark: 18]

The Voronoi diagram below shows four supermarkets represented by points with coordinates ​
A(0 ,  0)​, B
​ (6 ,  0)​, C
​ (0 ,  6)​and ​D(2 ,  2)​. The vertices X, Y, Z are also shown. All distances
are measured in kilometres.

diagram not to scale

Z

Y
D

B
A
X

(a) Find the midpoint of [BD].[2]

(b) Find the equation of (XZ).[4]

The equation of (XY) is  ​y = 2 − x​  and the equation of (YZ) is  ​y = 0.5x + 3.5​  .

(c) Find the coordinates of X.[3]

The coordinates of Y are (​ −1 ,  3)​and the coordinates of Z are (​ 7 ,  7)​.

(d) Determine the exact length of [YZ].[2]

_
(e) Given that the exact length of [​XY​] is  ​​√ 32 ​​  , find the size of XŶZ in degrees. [4]

(f) Hence find the area of triangle XYZ.[2]

A town planner believes that the larger the area of the Voronoi cell XYZ, the more people will
shop at supermarket D.

(g) State one criticism of this interpretation. [1]

 –5– 2222 – 7212

4. [Maximum mark: 15]

A student investigating the relationship between chemical reactions and temperature finds
the Arrhenius equation on the internet.
c
__
e​​  − ​ T  ​​
k = A​
​

This equation links a variable  k  with the temperature  T , where  A  and  c  are positive
constants and  ​T > 0​  .

(a) dk  ​​  is always positive.

Show that  ​​ ___ [3]
dT
(b) Given that  ​​lim​​   k = A​  and  ​​lim​​   k = 0​ , sketch the graph of  k  against  T . [3]
T→∞ T→0

1  ​​   is a straight line.

The Arrhenius equation predicts that the graph of  ​ln k​  against  ​​ __
T
(c) Write down

(i) the gradient of this line in terms of  c ;

(ii) the  y-intercept of this line in terms of  A . [4]

The following data are found for a particular reaction, where  T  is measured in Kelvin
and  k  is measured in ​cm​​ 3​ ​mol​​ −1​ ​s​ −1​​:

T k
590 5 × 10​​  -4​​
600 6 × 10​​  -4​​
610 ​​10 × 10​​  -4​​

620 ​​14 × 10​​  -4​​

630 ​​20 × 10​​  -4​​

640 ​​29 × 10​​  -4​​

650 ​​36 × 10​​  -4​​

(d) 1  ​​  .
Find the equation of the regression line for  ​ln k​  on  ​​ __ [2]
T
(e) Find an estimate of

(i) c ;

(ii) A .

It is not required to state units for these values. [3]

Turn over
 –6– 2222 – 7212

5. [Maximum mark: 12]

A geneticist uses a Markov chain model to investigate changes in a specific gene in a cell
as it divides. Every time the cell divides, the gene may mutate between its normal state and
other states.

The model is of the form

(​Zn+1
​  ​) (​Zn​ ​)
​ n+1
X ​  ​ ​X​ ​
​ ​  ​  ​ = M​ ​ n ​ ​

where  ​​Xn​ ​​  is the probability of the gene being in its normal state after dividing for the  nth time,
and  ​​Zn​ ​​  is the probability of it being in another state after dividing for the  nth time, where  ​n∈ℕ​  .

Matrix  M  is found to be  ​​(​

0.06 0.98)
0.94​  b​ 
​ ​​  .

(a) (i) Write down the value of  b .

(ii) What does  b  represent in this context? [2]

(b) Find the eigenvalues of  M . [3]

(c) Find the eigenvectors of  M . [3]

(d) The gene is in its normal state when  ​n = 0​ . Calculate the probability of it being in its
normal state

(i) when  ​n = 5​  ;

(ii) in the long term. [4]

 –7– 2222 – 7212

6. [Maximum mark: 21]

At an archery tournament, a particular competition sees a ball launched into the air while an
archer attempts to hit it with an arrow.

The path of the ball is modelled by the equation

​ux​ 
( y )
​(​y​ )​ = ​(5​ ​ )​ + t​ ​ ​u​ ​ − 5t
x
 ​
0

where  x  is the horizontal displacement from the archer and  y  is the vertical displacement
from the ground, both measured in metres, and  t  is the time, in seconds, since the ball
was launched.

y ​ux​ ​​  is the horizontal component of the initial velocity

y ​uy ​​​  is the vertical component of the initial velocity.

In this question both the ball and the arrow are modelled as single points. The ball is launched
with an initial velocity such that  ​​ux​ ​ = 8​  and  ​​uy​ ​ = 10​  .

(a) (i) Find the initial speed of the ball.

(ii) Find the angle of elevation of the ball as it is launched. [4]

(b) Find the maximum height reached by the ball. [3]

(c) Assuming that the ground is horizontal and the ball is not hit by the arrow, find the  x 
coordinate of the point where the ball lands. [3]

(d) For the path of the ball, find an expression for  y  in terms of  x . [3]

An archer releases an arrow from the point ​(0 ,  2)​. The arrow is modelled as travelling in a
straight line, in the same plane as the ball, with speed ​60 m ​s​ −1​and an angle of elevation of ​10​​ ∘​​.

(e) Determine the two positions where the path of the arrow intersects the path of the ball. [4]

(f) Determine the time when the arrow should be released to hit the ball before the ball
reaches its maximum height. [4]

Turn over
 –8– 2222 – 7212

7. [Maximum mark: 16]

An environmental scientist is asked by a river authority to model the effect of a leak from a
power plant on the mercury levels in a local river. The variable  x  measures the concentration
of mercury in micrograms per litre.

The situation is modelled using the second order differential equation

2
​​  ​d​  ​x ​  +
___ dx ​  + 2x = 0
3 ​ ___
d​t​ 2​ dt

where  ​t ≥ 0​  is the time measured in days since the leak started. It is known that when
dx ​  = 1​ .
t​ = 0 ​, ​  x = 0​  and  ​​ ___
dt
(a) Show that the system of coupled first order equations:

​​  dx ​  = y
___
dt
___dy
​​   ​  = −2x − 3y​
dt

can be written as the given second order differential equation. [2]

(b) Find the eigenvalues of the system of coupled first order equations given in part (a). [3]

(c) Hence find the exact solution of the second order differential equation. [5]

(d) Sketch the graph of  x  against  t , labelling the maximum point of the graph with
its coordinates. [2]

If the mercury levels are greater than 0.1 micrograms per litre, fishing in the river is
considered unsafe and is stopped.

(e) Use the model to calculate the total amount of time when fishing should be stopped. [3]

The river authority decides to stop people from fishing in the river for 10 % longer than the
time found from the model.

(f) Write down one reason, with reference to the context, to support this decision. [1]

References:

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2022