Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‬

‫•‬ ‫‪I-‬ﻋﺎم‪:‬‬
‫•‬
‫‪-‬ﻣ ﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ إﻋﺎدة اﻷﻛ ﺴﺠﻴﻦ إﱃ اﻟﺠ ﺴﻢ واﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﻋﲆ‬
‫ﺑﻮن‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧ ﻲ أﻛ ﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮ‬
‫•‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻳ‬
‫•اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﺠﻮﻳ ﺔ‪:‬ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﺷﺠﺮةﺗﻨﻔ ﺴﻴ ﺔ‬

‫•‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻮﻳﻒ اﻷﻧﻒ‬

‫ﺘﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‪- :‬‬
‫•اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘ ﺴﻢ إﱃ‪:‬‬
‫*‬

‫ﺘﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ اﻟ ﺴﻔﻠ ﻲ‪:‬‬

‫•اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻌﻮم ‪-‬اﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮة‬
‫‪-‬اﻟ‬
‫•‬
‫•‬
‫•‬

‫•‬ ‫ﺒﺎ ت اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ﺒ ﺔ اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴ ﺔ ‪-‬اﻟﻘﺼ‬
‫‪-‬اﻟﻘﺼ‬
‫•‬

‫ﺒﺎدل‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺘﺎن‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻨﺰف اﻟﺪﻣﻮي )‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺘﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﺮ‬
‫•اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻐﺎزا ت(‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﺠﻮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺜﺎﻧ ﻲ )‬
‫ﺗﺠﻮﻳﻒ اﻷﻧﻒ اﻟ‬
‫•‬

‫اﻷﻧﻒ(‪:‬‬
‫•‬ ‫ﺘﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪- 2‬ﻣﻦﺗﺠﺎوﻳﻒﺗﻤ‬

‫ﺧﻴﺎﺷﻴﻢ اﻷﻧﻒ إﱃ اﻟﺸﻮﻧ ﺔ‬

‫ﺘﺤﺎ ت اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴ ﺔ‬
‫)اﻟﻔ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺎوﻳﻒ اﻷﻧﻔﻴ ﺔ(‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺘﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟ‬
‫•‬ ‫‪-‬دور‪:‬‬

‫ﺗ ﺴﺨﻴﻦ •اﻟﺮاﺋﺤ ﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻃﻴ ﺐ •‬
‫ﺑ ﺔ‪• .‬‬
‫ﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻘﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻬﻮاء وإزاﻟ ﺔ اﻷ‬
‫*•‬

‫•‬ ‫‪-‬اﻟﻐﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃ ﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﻨﻔ ﺲ‬
‫ﺜﻠ ﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ‪-‬اﻟ‬
‫‪-‬ﺣﺎﺳ ﺔ اﻟﺸﻢ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ‬
‫اﻟ ﺴﻔﻠ ﻲ ‪2/3‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺑﺎرا ‪-‬اﻷﻧﻒ ‪(SINUS):‬‬‫ﺗﺠﺎوﻳﻒ‬

‫ﺘﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ •‬
‫اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟ‬

‫•‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻮﻳﻒ اﻷﻧﻔ ﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬‫ﺘﻠ ﺔ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻘﺤﻔﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘ ﺔ‬
‫‪-‬ﺣﻔﺮﺗﺠﺎوﻳﻒ ﻫﻮاﺋﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻋﻈﺎم ﻣﻌﻴﻨ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛ‬

‫•‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺎ ت‬
‫ﺘﺢ ﻓ ﻲﺗﺠﺎوﻳﻒ اﻷﻧﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻔ‬
‫‪-‬ﻳﻔ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‬
‫‪• III- PHARYNX:‬‬
‫•‬ ‫ﺘﻮﺣ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺎم‬
‫‪-‬اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﻐﺸﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻀﻠﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻔ‬

‫•‬ ‫ﺘﺮق ﻃﺮق اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻟﻚ اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴ ﺔ‬

‫‪-‬ﻣﻔ‬

‫•‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻮﻳﻒ اﻟﻔﻢ‬

‫‪-‬ﻳﻘﻊ ﺧﻠﻒﺗﺠﺎوﻳﻒ اﻷﻧﻒ و‬
‫واﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮة أﻣﺎم اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻔﻘﺮي اﻟﻌﻨﻘ ﻲ‬

‫•‬
‫ﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮل ‪15‬ﺳﻢ ‪-‬ﻳ ﺴ‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫•‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮيء ﻓ ﻲ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‬

‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺑﻖ‪:‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻣﻘ ﺴﻤ ﺔ إﱃ ‪3‬ﻃﻮا‬
‫ﺑﻖ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‪ :‬وﺣﻴﺪ اﻟﻘﺮن )ﺟﻮف(‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎ‬

‫*‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺎ ت اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴ ﺔ ﻟ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﻔ‬

‫ﺗﺸﻮاﻧﺎي(‬
‫اﻷﻧﻒ )‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻠﻌﻮم اﻟﻔﻤﻮي‬‫ﺑﻖ اﻷوﺳﻂ‪ :‬اﻟ‬
‫•اﻟﻄﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫* • )‪(bucco-pharynx‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺑﺮزخ اﻟﺤﻠﻖ *‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻮﻳﻒ اﻟﻔﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻬﻮاء واﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﺘﺮق ﻃﺮق‬ ‫•ﻣﻔ‬
‫ﺒﻠﻌﻮم اﻟ ﺴﻔﻠ ﻲ‬‫ﺑﻖ اﻟ ﺴﻔﻠ ﻲ‪ :‬اﻟ‬
‫•اﻟﻄﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻠﻌﻮم اﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮي( * •ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮة‬
‫)اﻟ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‬

‫‪• IV-LARYNX:‬‬
‫•‬ ‫ﺒﻮ ب ﻫﻮاء‬
‫‪-‬أﻧ‬

‫•‬ ‫‪-‬ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﻨﻄﻖ‬

‫•‬ ‫‪-‬ﻳﻘﻊ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘ ﺔ ﻋﻨﻖ اﻟﺮﺣﻢ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴ ﺔ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫•‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻠ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻏﻀﺮوﻓﻴ ﺔ ﻣ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺑﻄ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄ ﺔ اﻷر‬‫ﺒﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻀﻼ ت‬‫ﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ‪،‬ﺗ‬
‫ﺑﻐﺸﺎء ﻣﺨﺎﻃ ﻲ‬‫ﺒﻄﻨ ﺔ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ‬
‫وﻣ‬

‫ﺗﻘﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺒﻠﻌﻮم‬
‫أﻣﺎم اﻟ‬
‫ﺒ ﺔ اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴ ﺔ‬
‫‪-‬ﻓﻮق اﻟﻘﺼ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‬
‫•‬ ‫ﺑﺮوز ﺣﻨﺠﺮي‪:‬ﺗﻔﺎﺣ ﺔ آدم( * •‬
‫ﺒ ﺔ‪• * :‬ﻏﻀﺮوف درﻗ ﻲ )‬
‫ﺘﻮﺳﻄ ﺔ وﻏﺮﻳ‬
‫•ﻏﻀﺎرﻳﻒ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ‪3 :‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺛﻨﺎء‬
‫ﻏﻀﺮوف ﺣﻠﻘ ﻲ * •ﻏﻀﺮوف ﻟ ﺴﺎن اﻟﻤﺰﻣﺎر )ﻳﻐﻠﻖ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮة أ‬

‫ﺒﻠﻊ‪:‬ﺗﺠﻨ ﺐ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻃﺌ ﺔ(‬

‫اﻟ‬
Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‬

‫‪• V- TRACHEA: -‬ﻣﺠﺮى ﻫﻮاء ‪ ،‬أﺳﻄﻮاﻧ ﻲ ‪،‬‬

‫•‬ ‫ﺒﻊ اﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮة ‪-‬ﻣﻘ ﺴﻢ إﱃ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ ﺴﻄﺢ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻒ ‪-‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺘﻴﻦ(ﻳﻤﻴ ًﻨﺎ وﻳ ﺴﺎ ًرا ‪-‬‬
‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ‬
‫ﺘﻴﻦ )ر‬
‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ‬
‫ﺘﻴﻦ ر‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻗﺼ‬
‫•‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮل ‪12‬ﺳﻢ‬
‫•‬

‫•‬
‫•‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﻟﻴﻔ ﻲ ﻏﻀﺮوﻓ ﻲ‬
‫‪-‬ﻳ‬

‫•‬ ‫‪-‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪16‬إﱃ ‪20‬ﺣﻠﻘ ﺔ ﻏﻀﺮوﻓﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ﺘﻮﺣ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻔ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‬

‫•‬ ‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‪:‬‬

‫ﺒ ﺔ اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺮ‬
‫‪-‬اﻟﻘﺼ‬

‫•‬ ‫*‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬

‫ﺒﻊ ﻣ ﺴﺎر اﻟﻘﺼ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒﺎﻳ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮديﺗﻘﺮﻳ ً‬
‫اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴ ﺔ * •ﻗﺼﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺒﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺮ *ﻣﻜﺎﻧ ﺔ ﻣﻤﻴﺰة ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺌﺎ ت اﻷﺟﻨ‬
‫* •أﻛ‬

‫•‬
‫•‬ ‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻴ ﺴﺮى ‪* :‬‬
‫ﺒ ﺔ اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺮ‬
‫‪-‬اﻟﻘﺼ‬
‫ﺒﺎ * *أﻃﻮل *ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﺎر أﺻﻐﺮ‬
‫أﻓﻘ ﻲﺗﻘﺮﻳ‬

‫•‬
 ‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎ ت اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺮ‬

‫•اﻟﻘﺼ‬
‫ﺒ ﱠﻴ ﺔ ﻋﻠﻮﻳ ﺔ‬
‫ﺷ َﻌ‬‫ﺒﺎ تُ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘ ﺴﻢ إﱃ ‪3‬ﻗﺼ‬
‫ووﺳﻄﻰ وﺳﻔﲆ‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎ ت اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻘ ﺴﻢ اﻟﻘﺼ‬
‫•‬
‫ﺒﺎ ت اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻴ ﺴﺮى إﱃ ‪2‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺼ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳ ﺔ واﻟ ﺴﻔﻠﻴ ﺔ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‬

‫•‬ ‫ﺒﺎ ت‬
‫ﺒ ﺔ ﻓﺼﻴ ﺔ إﱃ ﻗﺼ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻘ ﺴﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻗﺼ‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺋ ﺔ( ﺗﻨﻘ ﺴﻢ إﱃ‬
‫ﻫﻮاﺋﻴ ﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﻴ ﺔ ‪(10‬ﻟﻜﻞ ر‬
‫ﺒﺎ ت ﻓﺮﻋﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺼ‬

‫ﺒﺎ ت اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴ ﺔ (‬
‫ﻓﻮق ﻣﻔﺼﺺ )اﻟﻘﺼ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌ ﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎ ت‬
‫ﺘ ﺴﻊ اﻟﻘﺼﻴ‬
‫داﺧﻞ اﻟﻔﺼﻴﺼﺎ ت ﺗ‬
‫ﺘﻲ‬‫ﺘﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت اﻟ ﺴﻨﺨﻴ ﺔ اﻟ‬‫اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴ ﺔ ﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻗ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻨﻮا ت‪ :‬اﻟﺤﻮﻳﺼﻼ ت‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘ ﺴﻢ إﱃ‬
‫ﺋﻮﻳ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‬
‫ﺋ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫•اﻟ ﺴﺎدس‪ -‬اﻟﺮ‬

‫•‬ ‫‪- 2‬ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻌﺪد‬

‫•‬ ‫ﺒﺎدل اﻟﻐﺎزا ت )داء اﻟﺪم(‬

‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘﻨﻔ ﺲ ﻟ‬
‫‪-‬أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟ‬

‫•‬ ‫‪-‬ﻳﻘﻊ ﻓ ﻲﺗﺠﻮﻳﻒ اﻟﺼﺪر ‪-‬ﻳﻠﻔﻪ ﻏﺸﺎء‬

‫اﻟﺠﻨ ﺐ )اﻟﻐﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﺼﻠ ﻲ(‬

‫•‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‬

‫•‬
‫‪-‬ﻗﻮام إﺳﻔﻨﺠ ﻲ وﻣﺮن ‪-‬ﻧﺎﻋﻢ وﻻﻣﻊ ‪-‬وردي ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻮ ث واﻟ ﺴﺠﺎﺋﺮ(‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﻦ )اﻟ‬
‫اﻷﻃﻔﺎل ‪ ،‬رﻣﺎدي ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟ‬
‫•‬

‫•‬

‫•‬ ‫‪-‬اﻟﻮزن‪1200 :‬ﺟﺮام )‪(2‬‬

‫•‬
‫ﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻴ ﺴﺮى‬
‫ﺋ ﺔ اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ أﻛ‬
‫‪-‬اﻟﺮ‬

‫•‬
‫ﺘﺮ‬
‫‪-‬ﺳﻌ ﺔ ‪5‬ﻟ‬
‫•‬
‫ﺋ ﺔ اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ ﻣﻦ ‪3‬ﻓﺼﻮص ‪،‬ﻳﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺷﻘﻮﻗﺎن ﻣﺎﺋﻠ ﺔ وأﻓﻘﻴ ﺔ‬

‫•‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺷﻖ ﻣﺎﺋﻞ‬‫‪-‬ﻳ ﺴﺎر ﻓﺼﻴﻦﻳﻔﺼﻞ‬

Machine Translated by Google

‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‬

‫ •ﻳﻨﻘ ﺴﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺺ إﱃ‬-

‫ﺷﺮاﺋﺢ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺴ ﻲ‬

‫•‬ ‫‪-‬وﺣﺪة‬
‫وﻇﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺜﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﺼﻴﺼﺎ ت‬ ‫ﺗﻤ‬
‫ﺘﺼﻠ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺋﻮﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻤ‬
‫اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺒﺎ ت اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴ ﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺼ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴ ﺔ‬
Machine Translated by Google

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