PTSPUNITV Questions&Answers

GRIETECE 1
UNIT 5
1. Find the expected value and dispersion of the discrete random variable X
whose probability distribution is given below:
X 1 2 3 4 5
P(X= x) 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2

Ans: m = E[X]
= x

P(X = x

)
5
=1

= 1*(0.1) + 2*(0.1) + 3* (0.3) + 4 *(0.3) +5*(0.2)
= 0.1 +0.2 +0.9 +1.2 +1.0
= 3.4
The expected value of X =3.4
o
X
2
= (x

- m)
2
P(X = x

)
5
=1

= [(1-3.4)
2
*0.1] + [(2-3.4)
2
*0.1] + [(3-3.4)
2
*0.3] + [(4-3.4)
2
* 0.3] + [(5-3.4)
2
*0.2]
= 1.44
The dispersion of X = 1.44
2. Find the coefficient of variation between X and Y from the following data:
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Y 9 8 10 12 11 13 14 16 15

Ans: Coefficient of correlation is

X Y
=
con(X,)
c
X
c
Y

conv(X, Y) = E (XY)-E(X).E(Y)
E(X) =
1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9
9
=5
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PTSPUNITV Questions&Answers
GRIETECE 2
E(Y) =
9+8+10+12+11+13+14+16+15
9
=12
E (XY) =
1-9+2-8+3-10+4-12+5-11+6-13+7-14+8-16+9-15
9
= 12
Var(X) =E(X
2
)-[E(X)]
2

E(X
2
) =
1+4+9+16+25+36+49+64+81
9
=31.66
Var(X) =31.66 25 = 6.66
o
X
= 2.58

Var(Y) =E(Y
2
) [E(Y)]
2

E(Y
2
) =
81+64+100+144+121+169+196+256+255
9
= 150.66
Var(Y) = 150.66 -144 =6.66
o

= 2.58
Conv(X,Y) = E(XY) E(X).E(Y)
= 66.3 (5) *12 =6.3
p
X
=
6.3
(2.58)(2.58)
= 9.46

3. If X and Y are independent random variables, show that
E[XY] =E[X].E[Y]
And E[g
1
(X).g
2
(X)] =E[g
1
(X)] E[g
2
(X)] ?
Ans:
E(XY) = ] ] xy (x, y)JxJy

-

= ] ] xy (x)(y)JxJy

-

= ] x (x)

-
Jx ] y (y)

-
Jy
= E[X].E[Y]
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PTSPUNITV Questions&Answers
GRIETECE 3
Consider E[g
1
(X).g
2
(X)] =] ] g
1
(x)g
2
(y)(x, y)JxJy

-

= ] ] g
1
(x)g
2
(y)(x)(y)JxJy

-

= ] g
1
(x)(x)

-
Jx ] g
2
(y) (y)

-
Jy
= E[g
1
(X)] E[g
2
(X)]
4. Let X and Y be the independent random variable s each having density
function
f(x) =2 e
-2a
for u 0
= 0 elsewhere
Find (a) E(X+Y)
(b) E(X
2
+Y
2
)
(c) E (XY)
Ans:
(a) E(X+Y) = ] ] (x + y) (x, y)JxJy

0

Since it is given that X and Y are identically distributed independent random variables,
f(x y) =f(x).f(y)
E(X+Y) = ] ]
(x + y)2c
-2x
2c
-2
JxJy

0

= |] 2x

0
c
-2x
Jx ] 2

0
c
-2
Jy +] 2y

0
c
-2
Jy ] 2

0
c
-2x
Jx ]
We have ] 2

0
c
-2x
Jx = ] 2

0
c
-2
Jy = 1
Therefore E(X+Y) = ] 2x

0
c
-2x
Jx +] 2y

0
c
-2
Jy =1
(b) E(X
2
+Y
2
) = ] ]
(x
2
+ y
2
)2c
-2x
2c
-2
JxJy

0

= j] 2x
2

0
c
-2x
Jx ] 2

0
c
-2
Jy +] 2y

0
2
c
-2
Jy ] 2

0
c
-2x
Jx [
= ] 2x
2

0
c
-2x
Jx +] 2y

0
2
c
-2
Jy =1
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PTSPUNITV Questions&Answers
GRIETECE 4
(C) E(XY) = ] ]
(X)2c
-2x
2c
-2
JxJy

0

= ] 2x

0
c
-2x
Jx + ] 2y

0
c
-2
Jy
= (1/2)(1/2) =1/4

5. Let X and Y be the random variables having joint density function
f(X,Y) =X+Y for 0 X 1, 0 Y 1
= 0 otherwise.
Find (a) var(X)
(b) Var(Y) (c) o
XY
(d)
Ans: f(x) =] (x, y)
1
0
=] (x + y)Jy
1
0

jxy +

2
2
[
0
1
= x+1/2
E(X) = ] x (x)Jx
1
0
=] x |x +12] Jx
1
0

j
x
3
3
+
x
2
4
[
0
1
=7/12
E(X
2
) = ] x
2
(x)Jx
1
0
= ] x
2
|x +12]Jx
1
0

j
x
4
4
+
x
3
6
[
0
1
= 5/12
Var(X) = E(X
2
) [E(X)]
2

= 5/12 49/144
= 11/144
(b) f(y) = ] (x, y)
1
0
=] (x +y)Jy
1
0
f
jxy +
x
2
2
[
0
1
= y+1/2
E(Y) = ] y (y)Jy
1
0
=j

3
3
+

2
4
[
0
1
=7/12
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PTSPUNITV Questions&Answers
GRIETECE 5
E(Y
2
) = ] y
2
(y)Jy
1
0
= j

4
4
+

3
6
[
0
1
= 5/12
Var(Y) = 11/144
(c) Conv(X,Y) =o
X

= E (XY) E(X) E(Y)
E(XY) = ] ] xy
1
0
1
0
(x, y)JxJy
= ] ] xy
1
0
1
0
(x +y)JxJy
= ] ] (x
2
y +xy
2
)
1
0
1
0
JxJy
= ]
x
3

3
+
x
2

2
2

0
1
1
0
Jy
= ] j

3
+

2
2
[
1
0
Jy
= j

2
6
+

3
6
[ = 1/3
Conv(X,Y) =1/3 (7/12)*(7/12) = -1/144
(d) =
co (X,)
c
X
c
Y

Since o
X
= o

=
11
12

Therefore
=
-1144
11144
=-1/11
6. If x ,Y and Z are random variables with same variance ,find the correlation
coefficient between (X+Y) and (Y+Z). Let X and Y and Z are of zero mean
and are independent?
Ans:
Given data:
p
X
= p
X
= p
X
= u
E(X+Y) =E(X) = E(Y) =0
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PTSPUNITV Questions&Answers
GRIETECE 6
Var(X+Y) = E[|X + -E(X + )|
2
]
= E[(X+Y)
2
]
= E[X
2
+Y
2
+2XY]
= E[X
2
] + E[Y
2
] +2.E[X.Y]
= E(XY) = E(X) .E(Y) = 0
Since mean is zero, mean of X ,Y and Z are same as mean square values and as given by ,they
are equal.
Var(X+Y) = E[X
2
] + E[Y
2
]
= 2 E[Y
2
]
2 vai(Y) = o
X+

Similarly var(Y+Z) = E[Z
2
] + E[Y
2
]
=2 E[Y
2
]
u
2 vai(Y) = o
+z

Conv[(X+Y),(Y+Z)] = E[(X+Y)(Y+Z)] E[X+Y]. E[Y+Z]
= E[XY + XZ + Y
2
+ YZ]
= E(XY) + E(XZ) + E(Y
2
) + E(YZ)


= E(Y
2
) = var(Y)
p
(X+)(+z)
=
Conv|(X+Y),(Y+Z)]
c
X+Y
c
Y+Z

=
u()
2.u()
=1/2
7.Explain when random variables are called jointly random Gaussian, and
also list important properties of Gaussian random variable?
Ans: The two random variables X and Y are said to be joint Gaussian if their joint density
function is of the form
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PTSPUNITV Questions&Answers
GRIETECE 7

x,
(x, y) =
1
2o
X
o

1 - p
2
cxp
= _
-1
2(1-p
2
)
_
(x-X)

2
c
X
2
-
(x-X)

(-

)
c
X
c
Y
+
(-

)
c
Y
2
__
Which is sometimes called the bivariate Gaussian density
Here X

= E|X]

= E|],
o
X
2
= E[(X - X

)
2
] o

2
= E[( -

)
2
]
= E
|(X-X
)(-

)]
c
X
c
Y

Properties of Gaussian random variables:
1. Gaussian random variables are completely defined through only their first and second order
moments ,i.e., by their means ,variance and co variances
2. If the random variables are un correlated, they are also statically independent.
3.Random variables produced by a linear transformation of X
1
X
N
will also
be Gaussian.
4. The conditional density

X
1
X
N
= j
x
1
.x
k

K+1
=X
K+1
.X
N
=x
N
[is Gaussian, K< N
.
8. The joint pdf of two random variables X and Y is given as

XY
= c(2x +y) for 0 x 2
= 0 for 0 y 3 elsewhere
Determine the values of constant C ?
Ans:
For a joint PDF we know that
] ]
X
(x, y)

-
JxJy = 1
Putting the values of
X
(x, y), we get
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PTSPUNITV Questions&Answers
GRIETECE 8
] ] c(2x + y)

-
JxJy = 1
c ] j
2x
2
2
+yx[ Jy = 1
3
0


c ]
|2y +4]Jy = 1
3
0


c j
2
2
2
+4y[
0
3
=1

c|y
2
+ 4y]|
0
3
=1

21c = 1

C=1/21

9. Two random variables X and Y has the following joint probability
distribution function as
f (x y ) = 2-x-y, for 0 x 1
= 0 elsewhere
Find the var(X) and var(Y)
Sol:
We have
f (x) =] (x, y)
1
0
Jy =j
3
2
-x[

f (y) = ] (x, y)
1
0
Jx =j
3
2
- y[

E[X] = ] x. (x). Jx
1
0
=] x. |
3
2
-x]. Jx
1
0
=_
3x
2
4
+
x
3
3

0
1
_ = 5/12

E[X
2
] = ] x
2
. (x). Jx
1
0
= ] x
2
|
3
2
- x ]. Jx
1
0
=
x
3
2
-
x
4
4

0
1
=1/4
Var(X) =E[X
2
] [E[X]]
2

=1/4 - 25/144

= 11/144

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PTSPUNITV Questions&Answers
GRIETECE 9
Similarly Var(Y) =11/144

10. If x is a random variable for which E(X) =10 and var(X) =25 , for
what possible value of a and b does Y=aX-b have exception 0 and
variance 1 ?
Ans:
E[aX-b] = aE[X]-b = 0

10a-b = 0
E[(Y-Y

)
2
] = E[(aX-b-Y

)
2
] =1

Where Y

is mean of Y and is equal to 0

Therefore E[(aX-b)
2
] = 1

E[a
2
X
2
+b
2
-2aXb] =1

a
2
E[X
2
] +b
2
2abE[X] =1

a
2
E[X
2
] +b
2
=1

since var(X) = 25

= E(X
2
) [E(X)]
2


But E(X
2
) =25 +100 =125

125a
2
+ b
2
= 1

10a b = 0

10a =b

Therefore 125a
2
-100a
2
= 1

a
2
=1/25

a=1/5
b=2
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