3.

1
1. q = C V => q = 48(HiC
q = e => = - => = 3 15
e

I = -3- => I = 24mA .

At
2. I = i = > I = - = > I = e- v = I = 9,28 1( 4 .
t

3. ud ' '
( ).
s At s h = ud ,
V = s h = s ud .

: n = - => x = n V => = s u. At
V
: I = -3 => I = => I =
At
At
I

n s e

n s ud At e
At

=> u d = 1.25 10" => u d = 12,5 mm

s
s

4. R, =
I
R,

= 2
v

R,=

s,

s,

R, = 2 - R 2 = > q = 2 -

Rn

s- = 2 s, => St = 0,4 mm".

2L
5. .
6.

R = -

(1)

m = d V=>m = d- s- =>s =

(2)

d-e
(1). (2) => R = g

R = 52,5 .


7. , :
=

=> s-e

= s'-e' =>

s' =

(1)

:
R =

R;

' s

R
R'=Q

s' (

s'

= f ) => ' = c A [ ^ - => c = 4m .

R
W/
VR
8 = Q 0 (l + ) => 2 Q0 = Q n (l + ) => 2 = 1 + => = 1
=> = - = = 256,4C.

, .
, .
9.

,=

V
Ri
I, _ R 2 _ I , _R(1 + 2 )

I,

1 + ,

I,

1 + ,

R,

Ru(l+a01)

=
R,
10.

R . = R. + R, => R , = 20

I = => I = 5
,,
V, = I R , => V, = 25V
V , = I R , => V = 75V.

11.
R.A

+ J _ = , R ( A = R l R 2 => R, = 20
R-l + R-2
R|
R:

I = => I = 6A
R,v.

=> =

2480

grad


I, = => . = 4
R,
I, = => h = 2A.
R,
R
' R 2 => R P = 2
R, + R,

12. ) R p =

= ^12 + ^3 ^

R.

I = => I = 10A

VBr = I R3 => VBr = 40V => v 3 = 40V

VAB = I R p => VAB = 20V => V, = V, = 20V

( V a b = 60 - VBr => VAB = 20V)
V,^ => I, = A
I, =
R,
'
3
I , = ^ = > I, = I A
R,
"
3
I, = I = 10A.

) R23 = R, + R, => R23 = 90

R, R^ => R = 9
R(, =
R, + R23
I = => I = 10A
r ,

I, = => I, = 9A
R.

I2 = I 3 =
V, =

=> I 2 = I, = 1A
R23
=> v , = 90V

VAr = I2 R , => = 40V => V, = 40V

VrB = I 3 R 3 => V rB = 50V => V3 = 50V.
13. R p = R,

R , / R ,

R ,

R,,,
12.> = Rp
12 + R,j = 10
R4, = R4 + R, = 10
K , = R.17^ ' R45 = 5
R|2! +

Rl5

= 2


I=

= 12

3 =

= 6
R,

V r B = I 3 - R 3 => V r B = 48V =

= 3 ' 12 =* = 1 2

I. =

3 = 48V
> , = = 12V

=>, = 4
R,

, = = -V a
> 4 = 5 = 6
R 4 = I. R . => 4 = 42V => V = 42V

ab

= I

5 => = 8

5 = 18 V.

14. 1 , - i V =
4
4V =
h
4
1| = I, + 3 => Ij = 2
V, = 2 R j => V, = 4V
V

= + V
.23 = 8V
123 1 23
V =
=> V 45 = 8V
45

123

45 = 0,5 => = 0,5

"
Rt5
= I. + 45 => I = 2,5

45

45

V . = V - I R => IR = V - V , => R s =
123

123
^

V-VK

R = 0,8.
'

15. = 10cm
RgP = R* => R B r = 50
R B A r = R* ( + ) => R B r = 70
V = 0,28A

Jri

Rrf

- = 0,2A.

1 RAT
RR

16. a ) R p = R t + R., => R p = 3,

1,2 = V
R|i

I = 10A

R, 4 = R 3 + R 4 => R 34 = 15


V => I = 2
u
R

12 '

34

(2)-(

=>

=>

rA =

2 0 V

=>

A =

2 0 V

10V
= 10V => -
= 1 0 - 2 0 = V AB = -10V.

(1)
(2)

) R- .
R Rs
: R4< = 4 R, + R,
R

I'l2 =

1 345

345

V
RU5

12

= 10A

VrA=l'i2-Ri
V

= I

IB

345

45

30
R, + R45 ^

1 345

1 345

30
5 + R45

V r A = 20V => v r - v 4 = 20V

Vr

: 20

5 =* V 1r - VBB =
5 + R1S
5 + R,
_ 150
5 + R4,

(6), (5) => V A - V F

150
5 + R45

(4)

(3)

-20

50 = 20 R,

150
-20
5 4- R45

R 4 , = 2,5

10
(3) : R 5 = .
17. ) :

.
,

R,A

1
1
+
+ ++
R R

1 => R, = R => R,v = 10 .

Rv. R
3

(5)
(6)


) :

R R _R
R + R
2

RAB = RAR 4- R =

+ R= ^

3RR
R

R a r

R,v.=

Rab

3R

j^R

= 3R = 18Q .
5R

18. B Z
V,

: I

1 =

R, + R,
: V z = 0

- = => = => =
" = 2 => - = => = - .

- = I R, => -(10) = 1 10 => + 10 = 10 => =

- = I R 2 => - 1 0 - = 1 10 => = - 1 0 - 10 => ,- = - 2 0 V .
19. , R , ,
.
: I = => 1 = 1.
R,

, R , R 3 R,. :
R23 = R, R, = 10
R, + R,


R a = R j + R 2 , = 20
I = = 0,5A

ra
Vj = I RJ = 5V
V 2 = V, = I R 2 3 = 5V
V,
12 = = 0,25 A
R2
13 = = 0,25A .
R3
20. ) R .
-,.

_ R %

3R
:

=
4
4

v
a b -> . =
60 => , = 240
=

RAB
R
R

=>
Rai B

=> \
j

240
3 R

4
: R A r =
2

: V A r = I 2 R A r => V A r =

=> V A r - 40V.

) = 0
R.vrr =
: R
4
">40 R
V . r = I ? R A r => V A r =
1

=> V A r = 20V =>

=> - = 20V => 0 - = 20V => = -20V.

21. R j R 4 , R | 4 = 10, R , R , ,
R 2 , = 10 R | 4 R 1 ? , R ) ? = 5.
: V, = I, R 3 => V_, = 2 6 => V, = 12V
V2 = I, R 2 => v 2 = 2 4 => V, = 8V
: V . = V, + V, => V . = 20V
^

: 1 =
4

Yv
R

/.

=> I = 2.


22. ' .
V => I = 2
: I =
R, + R,

=V

=
: V =
A r = V, tI . = I R = 2 10 = 20V
c

: q = C V

lii

=> q = 4000.

23. : I =
V

(1)
(i)

A B - = - I 5 R =* V A B =

5V

5 R => V A R =

(2)

i, = c i v AB ^ q t = c, ~

(3)

(1)
V
W
I ' 3R => V f A = ? R 3R =* V r A =

(4)

q2=C2-VrA ^ 1 2

<5)

= C

c
c
! i rC,
5V = c 3V
. _- 3-
: q, = q 2 =>
=>
2 y

24. R .
: R, = R + R => R, = 2R
= R
R, = R R => R:
R+ R
2
: , =
R,

=> , =
2R

n,
~

V : => I' - 2V :
R2
~
R

>

25. ) : f = I 2 R,

, = I2 R 2
R, > R , > ,.
) : , =
R,

R, > R , < ,.

26. R P = = 5
R, + R :

Rm

= R 12 + R 3 = 10
RPI ' RJ4

RP.,4 =

R,23 + R4
Rx =

R.234 +

I = v.

R5 = 20

= 9A

V. = I R, = 99V
V

,234 =

I4 =

*R.234 = *

1 V

= 0,9 A
RJ

I, = = 8 , 1 A
R.23

V 3 = 13 R 3 = 40,5V
V 12 = I,
1 R 1 2 = 40,5V
I, =

V,
- = 4.05A
R,

I 2 = = 4,05 A
R,
Q i = I" R j t = 9.841,5J
0 2 = I 2 R 2 t = 9.841,5J
Q 3 = I 3 R 3 t = 19.683J
Q 4 - I4' R 4 " t = 4.374J
Q = I, R t = 53.46J.

-77
27.

2
80 V
,t = m c AQ =>
100 R

100

. YL t = d V c =>
R

221 t = 1 1 5 _ 20 10"3 1
80 => t = 1727,27s => t = 0.48h
3
100
10
-"
10~
10
PHA = => P H a = 4,84KW

= 1t ^=> W = ,^-
2 32KWh

, = 2,33KWh 25

= 58,1.
KWh

28. : , = V, I, => Ij = 6,81

: P., = V 2 I, => 2 = 9,09
: 3 = V 3 I, => 3 = 4,54
: 4 = V 4 4 => 4 = 2,21
=.

2 +

=*

U =

2 2

>

7 1 A

, 25.
: =
W

HA

,'

+ P., + 4 => = 5KW.

1

=> W H A = 50KWh.

= 50KWh 25./\ = 1.250.

29. ) R , = R, + R 2 = R o , = 60
=> = 2
I=
R*

: = I 2 R, => = 160W
R R
) R ..3, = -

V)

= 20

R ] + R }

I =

R \ - = R.,
+ R-,2 => R - = 40
13

=> 1 = 3

V 13

= I' R13

=> V 13 = 60V

V
I, = 13 => I, = 1,5
R,

'

= \] R, => ' = 90W

l l

90-160
'-
(%) =
100% => ( % ) = 6 0 - % => (%) - -43,75%.
A

30. R j R , , R 1 2 = R j + R 2 = 6. R r R ,
R.2 R 3
, R p 3 =
3. R 123 R 4
R, 2 + Ri
RoX = R 123 + R 4 = 11.
v3
V3
: P 3 = -J- => V3 = 12V, I, = - 1 = 2A
R3
R3

V P = 12V, 12 = = 1 2 = 2
R, :
: 4 = I p + I, => 4 = 4
: 4 = 4 R,4 => 4 = 128W.
31. :
D=
^ => R
D = 1,8
10

8
3
in
10 100 => OR = 180

10 10

10

, => I 2 R = , =>
100
100
2
10
. 180 = 720 - 3 => I = 20
100
, = V, I => V, = => V, = 36.000V
I
,
, = , => Vo = => V2 = 32.400V .
I
32. = 2000W V K = 200V.
V2
V2
: = - => R = - => R = 20
R'

= V K => = P K /V K => = 10
160V, :
2
^
,
= =>
= 160 => = 1280W
R
20

V ^
R

1160
60^I
20

= 8A

33. = 1000W V K = 100V.

: = V K I R => = ^

=> = 10

: V K + I R = 220 => 100 + V R = 220 => V R = 120V

: I R = 10A
: I R = => R = => R = 12 .
R
IK


34. : ..
MB) = 100W V,,,
.(H). = 200V
(
2
: () =

'" = 0 , 5

R, =

= 400

^()
RR(0)
= 24V V K ( A ) = 12V

: ()

: ( = ^() = 2 RA = ^ () = 6
*()

^()

= R N + R.

=> R . = 4 0 6

/.

_ V
- - -

=> I = 0 . 4 9

() > I, .
35. ) :

= ' => = ^

=> = ! ' 5

V2

,. =

V2

=> R , =

Rj

2 =

I +

I =

=> R , Y =
2

=>

=> I =

R122:

= 40

4 0 40
40 + 40

=> R , _ = 2 0
2

12 4 0 + 2 0 => R J 2 2 = 6 0

= I = 2

60

I R2i

=> R

R , RT
R =
2
2+
R

=> 2 = 2 2 0 => 2 = 4 0

40
=> =

=> = .

40
1

V 2T < V K ( < ), .

) , V 2 2 = 60V = 1,5.
: I =

V 2
50
- => I = 2

40

=> I = 1,5.
2

: I , = 2 + => 3 = 3 .
: V = V 2Z + V 3 => 120 = 60 + V, => V 3 = 60V.
: I, =

V3

V,

=> R 3 =

R3

I3

=> R 3 = 2 0 .

36. I,1 -

=> % = I, V(R.1 + r)

(1)
W

=* = I , ( R , + r)
R, + r
-

(2)

R, + r

I, =

(1) (2) : % = 10V r = 1.

37. V , = I,

V, =

R, => V, =

2 R , => V , =

' R!

* -

(1) (2) : % = 30V r = 2.

38. 1 =

R,

=> 1

,
=> I = 2.
R, + R, + r

: V = V , = I R = 2 3 = 6V.
C

: q = C V c => q = 4 6V => q = 24(1

%
%
39. ); I = => I => I = 2A.
R,v
R, + R : + r
) v n = % - 1

= V n = 10V.

) = % I => = 24W.
) = I 2 r => P r = 4W.
)7 = V

I => p

= 20W.

) , = I 2 R, => , = 8W.
, = I 2 R, => 2 = 12W.
40. : % = 24V.
: V n = % - I r => 20 = 24 - 2 r => r = 2.
%
%
41. I = - => I =
=> I = 2A.
R0).
R, + R2 + r
: V r = 0

(1)

(2)


V A - V r = I - R , => V A - 0 = 2 - 1 7 => V a = 34V
- = I R 2 => - = 2 8 => V B = -16V.

42. R, = => R, = 4
1

R, =

3R

=> R , = 12

4
Rn =
12

RL R ;

12

=$ R ] 9 =
12
R, + R,
4+12

R . = R , + r => R

12

I =

=> R 1 ? = 3
12

= 4

=> I = 1A

r*

V = % - => V = 3V
I, = => I. = 0,75A
1
R|

=> l2 = 0'25

h =^

43. ) , . , :
%

1=

=> I =

R*

=> r = 2.

r + R + r'

) = I~(R +

+ ') => = 24W.

) , :
= * * \

=> =

4 8 W

: = () + => 48 = 24 + => = 24W.

) :

=
- - =>

2
!
= ^ I-,

2 - 2I , - 2I R

= 32W

, :
(%)

= %

24

=> ( % ) = 1 0 0 % => ( % ) = 75%.

32


44. ) , . , :
V j = % - \ r => Ij = 4
%

I, =
1

r => ' = 2.

22( +

')

=>

12W.

) , :
V, = % - 1 2 r => I, = 2

= >

2 4 W

: = + => 24 = 12 + => = 12W.

) :
( % ) = 1 0 0 % => ( % ) = f - 1 0 0 % => ( % ) = 50%.

^4

45. I , I, I,
, . Kirchhoff
:
, + 2 = 3
(!)
- Ii , - 1 ,

<S2-l2-r2-l2

R, - 1 3 R 3 = 0
R

R2-I3 3

=0

(2)

(3)

(1), (2) (3) :

I, = , I, = 0,25 I, = 0,75
: V A - I, R j - 2 R 2 = V r => V A | = IjR, + I, R, =>
V
5V .
A r = 4t,->
46. I,, , I,
. Kirchhoff :
I, , 2 = , 3 = 2 V AB = 12V.
47. .


,
.
, .
7 1129 15/21
1946 ( 1946, 108, ).

,
(copyright), ,
.

2 0 1 1 - : 128.000
:

. 68 13-7-11
: . & E E