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}\viewkind1\viewscale100\margl0\margr0\margt0\margb0\deftab80\dntblnsbdb\expshrt
n\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg1}{\bkmkend Pg1}\par\pard
\ql \li2908\sb0\sl-782\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2908\sb0\sl-782\slmult0 \par\pard\
ql\li2908\sb0\sl-782\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2908\sb168\sl-782\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs68 Detailed Project Report \par\pard\
ql \li4751\sb62\sl-414\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f
4\fs36 March 2002 \par\pard\ql \li2625\sb0\sl-552\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2625\sb
0\sl-552\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2625\sb0\sl-552\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2625\sb0\
sl-552\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2625\sb4\sl-552\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
5 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs48 Bilgaon Micro Hydro Power Project \par\pard\ql \li
4763\ri4478\sb14\sl-400\slmult0\tx5217 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf3\f4\fs36 Nandurbar District \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 Maharash
tra \par\pard\ql \li7288\sb0\sl-414\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li7288\sb0\sl-414\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql\li7288\sb281\sl-414\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 \ul0\nos

upersub\cf6\f7\fs36 For \par\pard\ql \li7286\sb42\sl-516\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs48 People\u8217?s committee \par\pard\qj \
li8719\ri865\sb20\sl-400\slmult0\fi206 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf3\f4\fs36 Bilgaon&Maal \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 Narmada Valley \pa
r\pard\qr \li-2688\ri1152\sb408\sl-560\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs48 Bombay Sarvodaya \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex98 Friend
ship Centre \par\pard\ql \li9868\sb1\sl-414\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97
\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs36 Mumbai \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb6\sl-414\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs36 Prepared by \par\pard\ql \li3
551\sb39\sl-496\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs48
People\u8217?s School of Energy \par\pard\ql \li4879\ri4594\sb7\sl-420\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs36 Alakode, Kannur \line \up
0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 Kerala- 670571 \par\pard\ql \li4334\sb1\sl-395\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 Ph:0498-255154,255084 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\pape
rw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg2}{\bkmkend Pg2}\par\pard\ql \l
i1151\sb0\sl-460\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-460\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1
151\sb0\sl-460\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb280\sl-460\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\c
harscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs40 Contents \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb234\sl-3
22\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs28 Preface \pa
r\pard\ql \li1151\sb318\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Acknowledge
ment \par\pard\ql \li1151\ri4196\sb56\sl-640\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex1
00 About the organization \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Beginning of the s
urvey \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb263\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Co
mponents of a Micro Hydro Power Project \par\pard\qj \li1151\ri4971\sb76\sl-640\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Geographical & Physiographical features of
the area \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Scio economic features \par\pard\ql \li1
151\sb263\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Salient features \par\par
d\ql \li1151\sb318\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Site survey \par
\pard\ql \li1151\ri3688\sb76\sl-640\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Hydrol
ogy & Energy availability \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Demand forecasting
\par\pard\ql \li1151\ri4136\sb0\sl-480\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Te
chno ecnomic features \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Benefits of the projec
t \par\pard\ql \li1151\ri4096\sb0\sl-650\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 E
xecution of the project \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Operation & maintena
nce \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Administration \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb25
4\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Detailed design \par\pard\ql \li1
151\ri4427\sb56\sl-640\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Detailed Estimation
\line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Maps & Drawings \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\p
aperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg3}{\bkmkend Pg3}\par\pard\ql
\li1221\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1221\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\
li1221\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1221\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li
1221\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1221\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li12
21\sb2\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs28
Preface \par\pard\qj \li1151\ri962\sb42\sl-415\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 The concept of Sustainable Development
relies heavily on judicious use of natural resources. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 This in other words means maintaining the fragile balance between the resou
rce use and exploitation. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 But to strike the balanc
e is rather a difficult task, threshold into consideration, for excessive demand
s \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 are made on limited resources. The causes and e
ffects of environmental problem arising from an \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 imb
alanced approach and inappropriate technology such as large macro hydro project
are complex, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 interlocked and unmeasured. The impa
cts - frequently synergistic in nature - could sometimes be \up0 \expndtw0\cha
rscalex100 irreversible. However, the only solution to these problems is to mi
nimise the impacts: smaller the \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 project, lesser th
e impact. This is where Micro Hydro Projects play an important role. They ra
rely \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 cause any environmental damage. \par\pard\qj
\li1151\ri962\sb405\sl-415\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Our rulers
have so far only tried to build mega projects, which are costly, submerging and
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 destroying thousands of hectares of forest and ag
ricultural lands with construction activities going on \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
100 for several years and decades. There are on going projects continuing with c
onstruction actives for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 more than 20 years to the h
alf way abandoned ones. The time has come to rethink on these mega \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex100 projects which have been going for the last 54years.We have trie
d to evolve small and decentralised \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 energy producti
on- distribution systems which causes minimum environmental and social impacts.
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Our evolution into this understanding was based on
the realisation that, the concept, method and the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 w
ay of the development model follows so far can not carry the society forward alo
ng a sustainable \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 path, any longer. All the developm
ental planning targeted towards centralised systems whether in a \up0 \expndtw-1
\charscalex100 capitalistic or communist social settings. \par\pard\qj \li1151\r
i962\sb0\sl-415\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 A century has passed
witnessing the degradation of our fertile soil, water and biodiversity and \lin
e \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 the climate change essential for the life sustain
ing process. The developmental activities based on \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex100 multi crore, technology dependent mega industrial projects poses threat to
the very existence of life \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 forms on the eart
h. It is this realisation that prompts us to think about the urgent need to in
itiative \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 sustainable developmental alternati
ves instead of the continuing destructive developmental models. \par\pard\qj \li
1151\ri961\sb0\sl-410\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 We can only fi
nd solutions to the complex energy crisis existing today by adapting agricultura
l \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 systems and life styles capable of reconstructing
our degraded organic ecosystems. Hence, micro \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 hy
dro is a life style and not consumeristic. \par\pard\qj \li1151\sb0\sl-400\slmul
t0 \par\pard\qj\li1151\ri962\sb34\sl-400\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
103 Although development of a Micro Hydro Project in Bilgaon was inspired by the
Narmada \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Bachao Andolan, the benefits of such
a venture goes a long way not only in liberating the people of \par\pard\sect\s
ectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840
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hindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\shptxt\pard\plain \qj\sl177 \li0\ri0 \expndtw0\charscalex
107\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Bilgaon area from '{\par}}}}\pard\sb0\sl-240{\b
kmkstart Pg4}{\bkmkend Pg4}\par\pard\ql \li3055\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\
li3055\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3055\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li
3055\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3055\sb88\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\
charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 darkness', but also in minimising th
e negative impact upon the local environment. \par\pard\qj \li1151\ri962\sb34\sl
-410\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The development of a technological
ly, economically and financially viable Micro Hydro System in \up0 \expndtw-1\ch
arscalex100 Bilgaon - was made possible by adapting Micro Hydro Technology from
other Asian countries (such \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 as Nepal), which was i
mprovised by People School of Energy to suit the local conditions. \par\pard\sec
t\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg5}{\bkmkend Pg
5}\par\pard\ql \li5013\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5013\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li5013\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5013\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \
par\pard\ql\li5013\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5013\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \pa
r\pard\ql\li5013\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5013\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\
pard\ql\li5013\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5013\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pa
rd\ql\li5013\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5013\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard
\ql\li5013\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5013\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\q
l\li5013\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5013\sb184\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expnd

tw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs28 Acknowledgement \par\pard\qj \li
1151\ri962\sb343\sl-413\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf10\f11\fs24 We express our sincere gratitude to individuals and organizati
ons for helping us to make this \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 report. The collec
tive desire of the people in Bilgaon and Maal villages for electric power result
ed in \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 assessing and evaluating the potentials, pro
blems, capabilities and demand of the community and its \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 resources during Aug2000 to March 2002 and hence this report. \par\pard\qj
\li1151\ri907\sb68\sl-412\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The author
s of this report PSE expresses gratitude for the sincere and warm support receiv
ed \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 from the activists of NBA viz. Pravin, Chambalal
, Chokalal, Chetan,Sobha, Sukumar, Jogini, Julab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 s
ingh Pavara, Suklal, Phthe Singh, Veer Singh,etc. Ravi and Aravinda from AID Ind
ia and Daniel from \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 BSFC.We express our heartful
gratitude to Shri. Jeshbhai Patel, Smt. Medha Patkar and Prof \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 .S.Soundranayakam, IISc, Baglore ,for their constant insp
iration and timely advice and above all to the \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 p
eople of the Bilgaon and Maal villages. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\pa
perh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg6}{\bkmkend Pg6}\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\
sl-800\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\ri3996\sb240\sl-800\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs28 About the Organisation \line \up0 \exp
ndtw-4\charscalex100 People\u8217?s School of Energy \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl
-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb97\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Objectives \par\pard\ql \li1511\sb0\sl-276\slmu
lt0 \par\pard\ql\li1511\sb148\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f
11\fs24 To propagate among the public the energy related knowledge systems. \pa
r\pard\ql \li1511\sb204\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosu
persub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 To equip people to assess t
he activities and projects of any agency related to energy. \par\pard\ql \li1511
\sb144\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\f
s24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 To evolve decentralized energy programmes to
help the decentralized political process. \par\pard\qj \li1511\ri962\sb6\sl-420
\slmult0\tx1871 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 To co ordinate the present energy studies,
activities and analyse the energy relations of \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 development. \par\pard\ql \li1511\sb119\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 5.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24
To take up Micro Hydro Power Projects and give technical training for its regu
lar functioning. \par\pard\ql \li1511\sb144\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 6.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 To publ
ish News letters, phamlets, mazines and books related to energy. \par\pard\ql \l
i1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb268\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Activities \par\pard\li1603\sb144\
sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx5630\tx9830 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
10\f11\fs24 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Ashan
kavala Miro Hydro project\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (1kW) for an
individual completed in\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 1997,Kannur\par\pard\
li1603\sb140\sl-276\slmult0\fi268 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 dist.Kerala.\par\
pard\ql \li1603\ri960\sb18\sl-410\slmult0\tx1871\tx1871 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Pathanpara M
icro Hydro Project (4 kW), in Kannur Dist. Kerala, a community project with \lin
e\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 complete people\u8217?s participation and in
vestment for the first time in Kerala, benefiting 80 \line \tab \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex100 families, completed in 1997. \par\pard\qj \li1603\ri961\sb2\sl420\slmult0\tx1871 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24
\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Eruvatty Micro Hydro Project (3kW) in Kannur Dis
t. Related with people\u8217?s planning process \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 using government money ,completed in 1998, benefiting 27 families. \par\
pard\qj \li1603\ri961\sb17\sl-400\slmult0\tx1871 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 4.

\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Domkhedi Micro Hydr
o Project ( 300 W ) in the Narmada valley, Maharashtra completed in \line\tab \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 2000, benefiting 8 tribal families going to be submer
ged in the ongoing Sardar Sarovar Project. \par\pard\qj \li1603\ri960\sb4\sl-420
\slmult0\tx1871 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 5.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Malur Micro Hydro Project( 6 kW) in Kannur Dist. Wi
th People\u8217?s Planning Process completed \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscale
x100 in March 2002, benefiting 45 families. \par\pard\qj \li1603\ri1863\sb0\sl-4
20\slmult0\tx1934 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 6.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24
\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Conducted an Independent Study on the Proposed At
hirappilly Hydro Electric Project \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 (163 M
W) in the Chalakudy River, Kerala, 2001. \par\pard\ql \li1634\ri1295\sb0\sl-41
0\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 7. Conducted an Independent Assessment o
f the Problems associated with Kavarakundu Micro \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 H
ydro Project (Implementing agency IRTC-Technical Wing of Kerala Sastra Sahithya
\line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Parishat) in Malampuzha grama panchayath, Pl
alakkad dist. Kerala,2002 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard
\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg7}{\bkmkend Pg7}\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \
par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb146\sl-322\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs28 Beginning of the surve
y \par\pard\qj \li1151\ri961\sb101\sl-416\slmult0\fi780 \up0 \expndtw0\charscale
x102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 We were first invited by the people of Bilgao
n (by seeing the success of Domkhedi Micro \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Hydro P
roject) to discuss the possibility of a Micro Hydro Project in their village on
September 2000. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 we went to the village and met few
persons from the local area and decided to conduct a formal \up0 \expndtw-1\char
scalex100 meeting to discuss about the feasibility of the project. The people th
emselves initiated to conduct the \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 meeting in the s
ame evening. The meeting decided to conduct a feasibility survey in the next day
itself. \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The survey itself lasted 3days and an ave
rage number of 10 volunteers participated in each day. The \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 flow, head, distance to each pada were taken. \par\pard\ql \li1151\ri96
1\sb0\sl-415\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 During December 2000,
we submitted a preliminary feasibility report. During our visit in \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 August 2001 people from the adjoining village (Maal) a
lso showed their interest to join the project. \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 The
villagers asked us to prepare a detailed project report covering all the relate
d aspects of the project. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 So we decided to conduct
a detailed survey during the first week of March .the survey lasted unto the \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 last week of March 2002 and hence this report. \par\
pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg8}{\bk
mkend Pg8}\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-322
\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-322\s
lmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb146\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs28 Components of a Micro Hydro Power Project \par\pard\q
j \li1151\ri962\sb98\sl-420\slmult0\fi360 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf10\f11\fs24 In general, the larger the scale of a system, the more the
number of components. The basic \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 components can be
briefly described: \par\pard\ql \li1151\ri954\sb69\sl-410\slmult0\tx1511\tx1511\
tx1511 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs28 \u-3913? \tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Intake\ul0\nosupers
ub\cf10\f11\fs24 : This is where the water from the river/spring is diverted fro
m its main course. Generally a \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 weir is u
sed to divert water through an opening in the riverside (the intake opening) int
o an open \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 channel. \par\pard\li1151\sb1
47\sl-322\slmult0\fi0\tx1511 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\
f14\fs28 \u-3913?\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs2
4 Head race channel\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 : leads the water from the inta
ke to the head of the penstock.\par\pard\li1151\sb149\sl-322\slmult0\fi0\tx1511

\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs28 \u-3913?\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Desilting basin\ul0\nosuper
sub\cf10\f11\fs24 : This is a small tank designed to desilt the water.\par\pard
\ql \li1151\ri952\sb67\sl-415\slmult0\tx1511\tx1511\tx1511\tx1511\tx1511 \up0 \e
xpndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs28 \u-3913? \tab \up0 \expndtw
0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Forebay Tank\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f
11\fs24 : Water from the headrace flows to this tank at the head of the penstock
. Here it \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 collects and serves as a buffe
r to control sudden flow and pressure variations. The tank should be \line \tab
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 designed to hold the volume of water needed to oper
ate the turbine-generator for the number of \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscale
x100 hours the system will be operating. Measures such as trash rake/wire mesh a
re needed to prevent \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 silt, leaves and o
ther debris from entering the pipeline. \par\pard\ql \li1151\ri1203\sb47\sl-413\
slmult0\tx1511\tx1511\tx1511\tx1511 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf13\f14\fs28 \u-3913? \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11
\f12\fs24 Penstock\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 : This is the pipeline supplying
water from the forebay to the turbine. It should be well \line\tab \up0 \expndt
w-2\charscalex100 supported every 20 feet for Mild Steel / Cast Iron Pipes or be
buried under a thin layer of soil to \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 p
rotect it from physical damage and also from chemical action of sunlight on some
materials like \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 PVC etc. \par\pard\ql \
li1151\ri952\sb68\sl-413\slmult0\tx1511\tx1511\tx1511\tx1511 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs28 \u-3913? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex
105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Turbine\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 : This is
the mechanical device that rotates when driven by water issuing from pipes. \li
ne\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 There are several kinds of turbines that can
be used, e.g. Pelton wheel, cross flow turbines, pumps \line \tab \up0 \expndtw
-1\charscalex100 as turbines and standard reaction turbines. Each kind of site i
s suited to a particular kind of turbine. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 Therefore the choice of turbine is site-specific. \par\pard\ql \li1151\ri954\
sb70\sl-410\slmult0\tx1511\tx1511\tx1511\tx1511\tx1511 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs28 \u-3913? \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Generator\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 : Electricit
y is generated when the turbine drives the generator. There are basically two \l
ine\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 kinds of generators that can be used for AC
power. Regular Synchronous Generators are the \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex100 simplest option, but in the lower ranges of power (<10kW) it may be diffi
cult to source them. In \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 this case, three
phase induction motors can be used in reverse as generators with the help of a
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 capacitor bank. \par\pard\ql \li1151\ri
954\sb69\sl-412\slmult0\tx1511\tx1511\tx1511\tx1511\tx1511\tx1511 \up0 \expndtw5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs28 \u-3913? \tab \up0 \expndtw-4\char
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Governor\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 :
This device ensures that the generator is not affected when the load on it chang
es. It can \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 be hydraulic, in which case t
he flow of water is regulated when the load changes; or electronic, in \line \ta
b \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 which case ballast or dump load is activated when
the load changes. The type of governor used \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscal
ex100 depends on the generator. In electronic control, the synchronous generator
requires an Electronic \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Load Controller
(ELC) whereas with an induction generator, Induction Generator Controller (IGC)
\line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 is required. When this equipment is no
t used, effectively the load on the machine cannot be
{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{
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{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,12);(67,12);(67,0);(0,0)}}

{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}
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{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s
p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s
p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}
}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart P
g9}{\bkmkend Pg9}\par\pard\qj \li1511\sb0\sl-420\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1511\sb0
\sl-420\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1511\ri962\sb234\sl-420\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw
-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 changed, which means that all app
liances must be kept on for the entire time and switched off only \up0 \expndtw0
\charscalex100 when the system is shut down. The other option is to manually con
trol the flow so that the voltage \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 and frequency ar
e kept constant when the load is changed. \par\pard\ql \li1151\ri962\sb41\sl-420
\slmult0\tx1511\tx1511 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs2
8 \u-3913?\ul0\nosupersub\cf14\f15\fs28 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Distribu
tion System\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 : The electricity generated in the powe
r house is supplied to the house holds \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 th
rough local grids. This consists of weather proof Aluminium cables as conductors
and locally \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 available wooden poles as e
lectric posts. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240
{\bkmkstart Pg10}{\bkmkend Pg10}\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\par
d\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\
ql\li1151\sb228\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9
\f10\fs28 Geographical & physiographical features of the area \par\pard\qj \li11
51\ri962\sb278\sl-420\slmult0\fi719 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf10\f11\fs24 The project area consists of Bilgaon and Maal villages of Dadg
aon tehsil Nandurbar district, \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Maharashtra.
The nearest all weather road reaches upto Dhadgaon which is \up0 \expn
dtw-2\charscalex100 60 km north of \par\pard\qj \li1151\ri962\sb1\sl-420\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Akkalkuwa. There is a seasonal road reaches upt
o Bilgaon, which is 18 km north of Dhadgaon. The \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 M
aal village is about 3km west of Bilgaon. \par\pard\qj \li1151\ri962\sb45\sl-414
\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The project area lies in the Centra
l Highlands, which are the northern extention of peninsular \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex100 plateau. Between latitude 21and 24 degrees N , a series of mountain ran
ges run aligned west - east \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 across the plateau.
The main range is Satpuras, extending as the Mahadev Hills and Maikala ranges to
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 the Chotanagpur plateau. The Satpuras are about 90
0 km long with an elevation between 500 and \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1000m
and consists of several ranges, the name signifying \u8216?Sapt\u8217? (seven) \
u8216?Pura\u8217?(folds). To the north of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Satpuras
are the Vindyas, traversing nearly the entire peninsula for about 1,050 km with
an average \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 elevation of 300 m asl. The scared river
Narmada flows in between Satpura and Vindya ranges. The \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex100 Central Highlands separate the Indo-gangetic plains from the peninsular pl
ateau. \par\pard\qj \li1151\ri940\sb6\sl-415\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charsc
alex105 The project area lies in the northern slope of the sixth fold of the Sat
pura range called as \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Thoranmaal mountains. The Uda
i river on which the proposed project is planned Joins the Narmada at \up0 \ex
pndtw-1\charscalex100 Bushagaon. The Thoranmaal range divides the Narmada and
Tapi river drainage basins. The towns \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Akkalkuwa, Th
aloda, Shahada are all in the southern slope of the Thoranmaal mountains and lie
s in \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 the Tapi river basin. \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb
102\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs28 Sc
io economic features \par\pard\qj \li1151\ri932\sb64\sl-412\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \
expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 The Bilgaon and Maal v
illages of Dhadgoan tehsil belongs to Adivasi settlements. They \line \u
p0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 belongs to \u8216?Powra\u8217?
tribal community
. Their langague is \u8216?powari\u8217? in devnagari script. They are \line \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 relatively autonomous and fully dependent on a

griculture for their livelihood. They have been \line \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 cultivating the valley and the banks of the Narmada for time immemoria
l, living along with the forest. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Devising the
ir own technologies and equipments, seeds and manure, they have been growing all
the \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 necessary grains, pulses, vegetables, a
nd allied crops complemented by the shrubs , fruits ,fishes and \line \up0 \expn
dtw0\charscalex104 meat from the forest and river. The forest has been fulfillin
g 75-85% of the needs of the people \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 regardi
ng fodder, fuel, fruits, building materials, logs and so on. The major crops o
f the area are Jovar, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Bajra and Mucca. \par\
pard\qj \li1151\ri962\sb8\sl-413\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 The
tribes have their own social, cultural and political norms and systems, their o
wn languages, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 their own mythology. Women in
these tribal communities are relatively high status, more freedom and \line \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 decision making power than in the rural or urban socie
ties. The women participate equally in economic \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex
100 activities and have the same status as men in marriage, inheritance and othe
r cultural practices \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\
sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg11}{\bkmkend Pg11}\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \p
ar\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par
\pard\ql\li1151\sb228\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf9\f10\fs28 Salient features \par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li
1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb104\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Name of the project\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 : Bilgaon Micro Hydro Power Project\par\pard\li1151\sb
140\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Name of the stream\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : Udai river\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0
\par\pard\li1151\sb60\sl-322\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf9\f10\fs28 Location\par\pard\li1151\sb217\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Village\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 : Bilgaon\par\pard\li1151\sb137\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Tehsil\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : Dhadgaon\p
ar\pard\li1151\sb139\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Dis
trict\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : Nandurbar\par\pard\li1151\sb137\sl-276
\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 State\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 : Maharashtra\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb110
\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24
Watershed particulars\par\pard\li1151\sb190\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Topo sheet No.\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 : 46 K/ 5\par\pard\li1151\sb139\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751\tx5
695 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Latitude\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : 2
1 45\u8217?\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 - 22 N\par\pard\li1151\sb137\sl-276\
slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Longitude\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 : 74 15\u8217? -74 30\u8217? E\par\pard\li1151\sb139\sl-276\slmult0\f
i0\tx4751 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Elevation above msl\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 : 158 m\par\pard\li1151\sb137\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 Average annual rainfall\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 :
600 mm\par\pard\li1151\sb139\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 Watershed area of the stream\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : 50 sq.km\p
ar\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb275\sl-276\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Accessibility \par\pa
rd\qj \li1151\ri901\sb6\sl-420\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf10\f11\fs24 There are seasonal roads upto Bilgaon which is 18 km north
of Dhadgaon . Geeps are playing in \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 between
these places. The nearest railway station is at Nandurbar and is 60 km from Dha
dgaon. There \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 are buses from Akkalkuwa and Sh
ahada and will take 2 and 3 hours respectively to reach Dhadgaon. \par\pard\li
1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb260\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751\tx4951 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Electrical\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf10\f11\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Power output\tab \up0 \expndtw

-3\charscalex100 :\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 15 KW\par\pard\li1151\sb137
\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751\tx4951 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Head\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 :\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 8 m\par\pard\li1151\s
b139\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751\tx4951 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Design flow\
tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 :\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 390 liters
per second\par\pard\li1151\sb137\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 Water intake\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : Udai River, above B
ardhariya water fall in Satpura\par\pard\ql \li4991\sb126\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 Ranges \par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li115
1\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb6\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expndtw
-5\charscalex100 Beneficiaries\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf10\f11\fs24 :
At least 306 unelectrified Adivasi households in Bilgaon &
\par\pard\qj \li4991\ri1930\sb12\sl-420\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Ma
al villages plus one residential school holding 300 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex10
0 Students. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\b
kmkstart Pg12}{\bkmkend Pg12}\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\q
l\li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\
li1151\sb228\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f1
0\fs28 Site Survey \par\pard\qj \li1151\sb0\sl-275\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1151\r
i962\sb22\sl-275\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10
\f11\fs24 The availability of head, identification of suitable locations for wat
er intake, forebay tank and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 power house and measure
ment of flow in the stream were carried out in the site survey in September \up0
\expndtw0\charscalex100 2000 and 2002, an anticipation of flow was also made in
consultation with local people and assessed \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the f
low in the stream by area - velocity method and bucket method. The entire area w
as scouted by the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 team and the distribution networ
k were finalized. \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb
5\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs28 Hydr
ology & Energy availability \par\pard\qj \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\qj
\li1151\ri962\sb40\sl-276\slmult0\fi789 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf10\f11\fs24 The entire catchment area of
sq.km receives an average
annual rainfall of 600mm . the Udai \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 river originate
s from the Thoranmaal mountains has a - sq. km. of this ---sq.km. consists of
dry \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 deciduous forest and the rest as cultivated are
a. From the starting point to the project site the stream \up0 \expndtw0\charsca
lex100 traverse --- km. The breadth of the stream at the project site is 90m . T
he maximum Flood discharge \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 through the stream will
be 260 cu.m /sec (Aug-Sep) . The least flow will be 0.02 cu.m/sec (May -June \u
p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ).the depth of water varies from 3m to 0.3m . \par\p
ard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Stream flow particulars & p
ower generation profile \par\pard\li1151\sb12\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2431\tx4591\t
x6299\tx8071 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Months\
tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Anticipated\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
Remarks\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Possible\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 Possible Power\par\pard\li2431\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx6299\tx8071 \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 Minimum flow\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 generatio
n\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 generation per\par\pard\li2431\sb0\sl-276\
slmult0\fi0\tx6299\tx8071 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Litres/sec (lps)\tab \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (15kW) per day\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 mont
h\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi6919 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 kWh(un
its)\par\pard\li1151\sb9\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2553\tx6299\tx8071 \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 January\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 180\tab \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 11hrs\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3960\par\pard\li1151\sb10
3\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2553\tx6299\tx8071 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 February
\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 80\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4 hrs 54
mins\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2058\par\pard\li1151\sb10\sl-276\slmult0
\fi0\tx2431\tx6299\tx8071 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 March\tab \up0 \expndtw-
3\charscalex100 *40\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2 hrs 27 mins\tab \up0 \ex

pndtw-3\charscalex100 1029\par\pard\li1151\sb22\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2553\tx6299
\tx8071 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 April\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 30
\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1 hr 50 mins\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 825\par\pard\li1151\sb21\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2553\tx6299\tx8071 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 May\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 20\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 1 hr 13 mins\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 565\par\pard\li11
51\sb24\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2553\tx6299\tx8071 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Ju
ne15\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 20\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1 hr
13 mins\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 547\par\pard\li1151\sb22\sl-276\slm
ult0\fi0\tx2431\tx4591\tx6299\tx8071 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 July,\tab \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 *600 lps\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Amble wate
r is\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 24hrs\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1
1160\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4591\tx8071 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 August,\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 available\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 11160\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx8071 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 September\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 10800\par\pard\li115
1\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx8071 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 October\tab \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 11160\par\pard\li1151\sb9\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2553\tx62
99\tx8071 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 November\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 550\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 24hrs\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
10800\par\pard\li1151\sb10\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2553\tx6299\tx8071 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 December\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 400\tab \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 24hrs\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 11160\par\pard\li1151
\sb29\sl-322\slmult0\fi5759\tx7840 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf9\f10\fs28 Total\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 - 75224units\par\pard\li11
51\sb11\sl-230\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f1
6\fs20 \u-3913?\ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs20 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20
Flo
w measured in 5\ul0\super\cf17\f18\fs19 th\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 September
2000 - 745 lps\par\pard\li1151\sb12\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx4545 \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs20 \u-3913?\ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs20
\ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20
Flow measured in 16\ul0\super\cf17\f18\fs19 th\u
l0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 march 2002\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 - 40 lps
\par\pard\li1151\sb236\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Flow requirement for Power\par\pard\li1151\sb70\sl-276\slm
ult0\fi0\tx2949\tx4747\tx6547 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10
\f11\fs24 Power\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 15 kW\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 10 kW\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 5 kW\par\pard\li1151\sb53\sl-2
76\slmult0\fi0\tx2949\tx4747\tx6547 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Flow\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 390 lps\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 254 lps\tab \
up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 130 lps\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb1\sl-257\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 requirement \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \p
ar\pard\ql\li1151\sb8\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf9\f10\fs28 Demand forcasting \par\pard\qj \li1151\ri962\sb53\sl-280\slmult0
\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 The electrici
ty demand of the area was assessed by conducting a meeting in the village itself
. \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 A simultaneous maximum demand of 12 kW is
anticipated. Considering the future demands, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100
maximum power generations fixed to be 15 kW. To meet the excess power requiremen
t for summer \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 months (March, April, May and up to Ju
ne15) a diesel engine (15kW) can also be provided.
}

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{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1039\shptop9585\shpright1059\shpbottom10689\shpfhdr0\sh
pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz3348\shplid132
}
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}}
{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1039\shptop10689\shpright1048\shpbottom10699\shpfhdr0\s
hpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz3422\shplid138
}
}}
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}

g13}{\bkmkend Pg13}\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\s
b0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb2
28\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs28 Tec
hnical features \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\
sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb104\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Civil\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\coln
o1\colw4591\colsr160\colno2\colw7349\colsr160\ql \li1151\sb140\sl-276\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Gross head\par\pard\ql
\li1151\sb136\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Design flow\par\pard
\ql \li1151\sb140\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Electrical power
output\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb136\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Ty
pe of system\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb140\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 Intake\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-27
6\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb136\sl276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Diversion system\par\pard\ql \li1151\s
b0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1151\s
b0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb140\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 Forebay\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb136\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 Penstock\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb
0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb
140\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Power house\par\pard\ql \li1151
\sb144\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs2
4 Mechanical\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb132\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Turbine\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb7\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Electrical\par\pard
\ql \li1151\sb129\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f10\f11\fs24 Generator\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb140\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 Control panel\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb136\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 Safety measurements\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \p
ar\pard\ql \li1151\sb276\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Distributi
on network\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb276\sl276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Area of supply\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb1
40\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Maximum feeder length\par\pard\q
l \li1151\sb144\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1
1\f12\fs24 Energy and cost\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb132\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Annual energy production\par\p
ard\ql \li1151\sb136\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Load factor\pa
r\pard\column \ql \li20\sb140\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 : 8 m
\par\pard\ql \li20\sb136\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : 390 lps\
par\pard\ql \li20\sb140\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : 15 kW\par
\pard\ql \li20\sb136\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : Run-off the
river\par\pard\ql \li20\sb140\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : Wei
r\par\pard\ql \li143\sb136\sl-276\slmult0\tx2185 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 L
ength = 90m\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Height = 2.0 m\par\pard\qj \li20\r
i3019\sb28\sl-412\slmult0\fi122 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Top width = 1.0m
Bottom width = 1.5m \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : Concrete channel\par\pard\
ql \li203\sb117\sl-276\slmult0\tx2185 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Length = 66
m\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 bed width = 1 m\par\pard\ql \li203\sb136\sl276\slmult0\tx2185 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Height = 0.65m\tab \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 bed slop = 1 in 714\par\pard\ql \li20\sb140\sl-276\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : concrete tank holding 20,000 liters\par\pard\ql \li
20\sb136\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 : Material - Mild Steel\pa
r\pard\ql \li203\sb140\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Diameter =40
0mm Thickness = 8mm\par\pard\ql \li203\sb136\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 Length = 18 m\par\pard\ql \li20\sb140\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 : Surface, 8m x 5m x 3m.\par\pard\ql \li4751\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \p
ar\pard\ql \li20\sb276\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : 19 kW mech

anical output cross flow Turbine\par\pard\ql \li4751\sb0\sl-414\slmult0 \par\par
d\ql \li4751\sb0\sl-414\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\ri1451\sb22\sl-414\slmult0\fi
0\tx182 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : 19 kVA, 3 phase, 50 Hz, synchronous Gene
rator. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : Distribution bus bar, switch gears,
meters & indicators. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : Three phase electronic loa
d governor, over voltage & short \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 circuit
protection system.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1470\sb0\sl-415\slmult0\tx150 \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 : Through local grids using weather proof cables and locally
\line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 available wooden poles.\par\pard\ql \li
20\sb110\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : 15 sq. km\par\pard\ql \l
i20\sb140\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : 4 km\par\pard\ql \li475
1\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb276\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 : 40,000 units\par\pard\ql \li20\sb136\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 : 0.6 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\
sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg14}{\bkmkend Pg14}\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pa
rd\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\
sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb104\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Plant factor\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 : 0.4\par\pard\li1151\sb136\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 Cost of production\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : 6,00,00
0\par\pard\li1151\sb140\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751\tx4941 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 Cost of production /kW\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 :\tab \up0 \expn
dtw-3\charscalex100 40,000\par\pard\li1151\sb136\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Operation &Maintenance cost\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 :\par\pard\li1151\sb140\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 Unit energy cost\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 :\par\pard\li1151\sb13
6\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Cost of distribution\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : 4,00,000\par\pard\li1151\sb140\sl-276\slmult0
\fi0\tx4751\tx5061 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Diesel Engine (15kW)\tab \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 :\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 50,000\par\pard\li11
51\sb136\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Total project c
ost\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 : \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 10,50,000\
par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb52\sl-322\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs28 Execution of the proje
ct \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb60\sl-276\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 The execution of
the project should be through the direct responsibilities of the beneficiaries.
\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb204\sl-322\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs28 Operation and Mainte
nance \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb36\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 The O&M is the responsibility of the beneficiaries. \
par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb204\sl-322\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs28 Benefits of Bilgaon 1
5 kW Micro Hydro Project \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li
1151\sb60\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\
fs24 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Lighting \p
ar\pard\qj \li1151\ri1213\sb261\sl-280\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
It can provide electric light to 161 houses in Bilgaon and 145 houses in Maal v
illage. The school and \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 other public utilities in t
he village can also be provided with electricity. \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-27
6\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2
.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Irrigation \par\p
ard\qj \li1151\ri1265\sb261\sl-280\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Irr
igation can be made to atleast 20 hectares of land on the vicinity of the projec
t site. The people of \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 other places can also use el
ectric pumps to irrigate atleast 80 hacters in a restricted manner to ensure \up
0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 that adverse effects will not be created to the ecolo
gy and sociology of the society. \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pa
rd\ql\li1151\sb268\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Drinking Water \par\pard\ql \li1

151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 Fetching drinking water from the rivers is a laborious job of the vi
llage women. The project can \par\pard\qj \li1151\ri1091\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\fi0
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 provide drinking water to the hamlets in the vicin
ity of the project site. This will relieve the work load \up0 \expndtw-5\charsca
lex100 of the village women a lot. \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10
\f11\fs24 Grinding Unit \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li
1151\ri1376\sb14\sl-273\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Much physical
labour of the women is being put into use to grind the foodgrains by traditional
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 methods. The diesel units are only accessible to
the wealth due to exorbitant rates. So one or two \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100
community controlled grinding units can be stated in the village which will in t
urn reduce the work \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 load of the women-fold in addi
tion to financial benefits. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pa
rd\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg15}{\bkmkend Pg15}\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slm
ult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb88\sl-276\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 5.\ul0\nosupersub\c
f12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Oil Extracting Unit \par\pard\qj \l
i1151\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1151\ri1693\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\fi0 \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 One or two oil extracting units can be started with the
electricity generated from the project. Oil \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 extra
ction is a very difficult task in the village now. \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb264\sl
-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 6.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Community Recreation Centres \par\pard\qj \li1151\sb0
\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1151\ri1214\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 One or two community recreation centres having facilities like r
adio, TV, etc. can be started with the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 electricity
. \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 7.\ul0
\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Employment Opportuniti
es \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb8\sl-276\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Direct employment opportunities as detailed belo
w will be generated by the project. \par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard
\li1151\sb5\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx6911\tx7173 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 a.\ul
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the systems\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 -\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex10
0 2 nos\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx6911\tx7173 \up0 \expndtw-1\cha
rscalex100 b.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Maint
aining staff to maintain the lines and wires\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2 nos\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\
tx6911\tx7173 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 c.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Office staff to collect charges and keep accounts\ta
b \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 -\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2 nos\par\pa
rd\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx6911\tx7173 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 d.\
ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Grinding Units\tab
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 -\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2 nos\par\pard
\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx6911\tx7173 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 e.\ul
0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Oil extraction units\
tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 -\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2 nos\par\
pard\li4031\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx6911 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Total\
tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 - 10 nos\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult
0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb191\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\no
supersub\cf9\f10\fs28 Administrative Plan of the Project \par\pard\qj \li1151\ri
960\sb273\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10
\f11\fs24 The decision making body of the project (General council) will includ
e 161 households in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Bilgaon and 145 households in
Maal village,one representative of Ashramschool in Bilgaon, and two \up0 \expndt
w-1\charscalex100 or three representatives of the project implementation agency
(PIA). \par\pard\qj \li1151\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1151\ri903\sb37\sl

-260\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Three different committees to ha
ndle Technical, Financial and Administrative aspects of the \up0 \expndtw0\chars
calex102 project is needed. The formation and representation to these committe
es can be made as follows: \par\pard\qj \li1151\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\
li1151\ri961\sb17\sl-273\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Total houses
(306) in the two - Bilgaon and Maal - village can be divided into clusters of 1
0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 houses each(Pada). Four member from each village
is selected to the committees making the total \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 stre
ngth of each committee 9. In addition to the 31 elected members one member from
PIA should be \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 there in each committee making the s
trength 32. \par\pard\qj \li1151\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1151\ri962\sb
2\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Nine elected members and the
representative of the PIA from each committee will form the \up0 \expndtw0\char
scalex104 executive body of the project. The number of members will be so. From
the executive body office \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 bearers of the project c
an be selected, if needed. \par\pard\qj \li1151\ri962\sb261\sl-280\slmult0\fi720
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 To settle the issues which may cause a division i
n the society, an elders council can be formed. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex1
00 The elders council will comprise of village elders, members of the local bodi
es and the representative \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 of the PIA, nominat
ed for the purpose. The number of members in the elders council can be fixed a
s \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 15. The
decision of the elders council will be final in all disputes. \par\pard\ql \li11
51\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 A graphical representation
of the administrative structure is as follows: \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw
12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg16}{\bkmkend Pg16}\par\pard\ql \l
i4883\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4883\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4
3\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4883\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4883\
sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4883\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4883\sb
0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4883\ri5571\sb100\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4
\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs20 One representative \line \up0 \expn
dtw-4\charscalex100 from one Pada \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 (10 Househ
olds)
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\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb146\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charsca
lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs28 cost estimate\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\co
ls2\colno1\colw3871\colsr160\colno2\colw8069\colsr160\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmu
lt0 \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb71\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Weir & intake\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb1\sl-275\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Channel & forebay\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb2\sl-275\slm
ult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Anchor blocks\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb1\sl-276\
slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Power house\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb1\sl-275
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Penstock\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb1\sl-276\s
lmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Turbine\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb1\sl-275\slmu
lt0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Generator\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb1\sl-276\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 Control Panel\par\pard\qj \li1151\ri538\sb0\s
l-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Design & supervision \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 Installation charges\par\pard\qj \li1151\ri523\sb1\sl-275\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Distribution (approx.) \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 Transportation\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb2\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 Overheads\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb2\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 Diesel Engine (15kW)\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb248\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs28 Total\par\pard\column \ql \li403
1\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb71\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 - 1,00,000\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-275\
slmult0\tx347 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
50,000\par\pard\ql \li20\sb2\sl-275\slmult0\tx347 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
-\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 20,000\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-276\slmult0\
tx347 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 20,000\p
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\li20\sb1\sl-276\slmult0\tx347 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -\tab \up0 \expndt
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w-3\charscalex100 -\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 25,000\par\pard\ql \li20\s
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100 - 4,00,000\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-275\slmult0\tx347 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 -\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 20,000\par\pard\ql \li20\sb2\sl-275\
slmult0\tx347 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 -\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
25,000\par\pard\ql \li20\sb2\sl-275\slmult0\tx347 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
-\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 50,000\par\pard\ql \li20\sb248\sl-322\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 - \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs28 10,50,000 ( Ten L
akh fifty thousand rupees only) \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li1151\sb0\sl322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb114\sl322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Share by the beneficiaries: \par\pard\
qj \li1151\ri4058\sb227\sl-360\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosuper
sub\cf19\f20\fs24 \u-3913?\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f1
1\fs24 Labour - manual and skilled - total by the villagers and volunteers. \u
p0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 \u-3913?\ul0\nosupersu
b\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Part contribution to capital co
st - by the Ashram school \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb10\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 \u-3913?\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\
fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Periodic contribution for tear and wear, r
eceiving cost per family - to be decided. \par\pard\qj \li1151\ri2289\sb1\sl-280
\slmult0\tx1511 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 \u-3
913?\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Management of
the project and regular maintenance - voluntary work by the people\u8217?s \lin
e\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 committee. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw1
2240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg18}{\bkmkend Pg18}\par\pard\ql \li
\sb0\sl-720\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3328\sb0\sl-720\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3328\s
b0\sl-720\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3328\sb0\sl-720\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3328\ri3
045\sb446\sl-720\slmult0\tx4310 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf20
\f21\fs36 Bilgaon Micro Hydro Power Project \line\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex9
8 Detailed Project Design \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard
\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg19}{\bkmkend Pg19}\par\pard\ql \li3515\sb0\sl-276\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql\li3515\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3515\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li3515\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3515\sb108\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 BILGAON MICRO HYD
RO POWER PROJECT \par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\
slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb53\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Maximum power generated\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 = 15 KW\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 Power out put\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = Efficiency x
g x Net head x flow\par\pard\li1151\sb41\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \dn3 \expndtw
-2\charscalex100 P\ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs16 o\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =
x g x H\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 net\ul0\nos
upersub\cf10\f11\fs24 x Q\par\pard\li1151\sb1\sl-252\slmult0\fi0\tx6911 \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 The flow required to produce the required power Q\tab \up
0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 = P\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\f
s24 /
x g x H\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 net\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\p
ar\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb7\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3311\
tx6911 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Where H\ul0\s
ub\cf21\f22\fs24 net\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\
fs24 = Net static head\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 8 m\par\pard\li1871\s
b0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1871\sb10\sl-276\slmult0\fi1439\tx6911 \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 = Overall efficiency\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 50%\p
ar\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1871\sb5\sl-276\slmult0\fi62\tx3311
\tx6911 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 g\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = acce
leration due to gravity\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 9.81 m/sec\ul0\super
\cf21\f22\fs24 2\par\pard\li1871\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3311 \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Q\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
= flow in m\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 /sec\par\pa
rd\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1871\sb31\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3311 \dn3
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 P\ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs16 o\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = power out put in KW\par\pard\li1871
\sb245\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3311\tx6911 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Q\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 15x 10\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf10
\f11\fs24 / 0.50 x 9.81 x 8\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 382.26 lps\par\
pard\qj \li1871\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1871\ri3299\sb265\sl-280\slmul
t0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 So the entire civil works should be designed
to carry the required flow \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 (ie 390lps). \par\pard\
ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb228\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Design of intake \par\pard\qj
\li1151\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1151\ri1033\sb61\sl-280\slmult0\fi720
\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Considering entranc
e losses and trash rack losses, the intake should be designed to carry a flow \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of 780 lps.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1
\colw6031\colsr160\colno2\colw5909\colsr160\ql \li1151\sb276\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Effective head from the centre line of intake\par\pard
\ql \li1151\sb1\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Velocity of water f
low through intake\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1151\s
b0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb274\sl-276\slmult0\tx2586 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 Where c\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 d\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = Coefficient of discharge\par\pard\ql \li1151\
sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Design flow through intake\par\
pard\ql \li1151\sb1\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Area of cross s
ection of the intake\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li11
51\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb1\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\ch
arscalex100 Length and height of the intake\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb276\sl-2
76\slmult0\tx745 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = h\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 e\tab \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = 0.5m.\par\pard\ql \
li20\sb1\sl-275\slmult0\tx745\tx1321 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 = V\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 =c\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 d\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscal
ex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 2gh\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 e\par\pard\ql \li2
0\sb274\sl-276\slmult0\tx834 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\
f11\fs24 = 0.6\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2 x 9.81 x 0.5\par\pard\ql \li2
0\sb1\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 1.88 m / sec\par\pard\ql \l
i20\sb2\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 0.6\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1
\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 0.08m\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 3\
ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 / Sec\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-275\slmult0\tx1465 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = Q / V\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 0.78 /
1.88\par\pard\ql \li20\sb2\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 0.414
m\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 2\par\pard\ql \li6191\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql
\li20\sb1\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\
fs24 = 0.65 m x 0.65 m > 0.414 m\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 2 \par\pard\sect\sectd\
sbknone \qj \li1151\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1151\ri1367\sb29\sl-260\sl
mult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Therefor
e provide a square intake with length and height 0.65m each. The quantity of wat
er \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 flowing through the intake can be regulated by
gate opening. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{
\bkmkstart Pg20}{\bkmkend Pg20}\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard
\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\q
l\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb108\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Design of weir \par\pard\ql \li
1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb268\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 The forces acting on a weir built o
n a impervious foundation may be static or dynamic. \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb268\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Static forces \par\pard\ql \li1511\sb144\sl-276
\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 1.\ul0\nosu
persub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Normal water pressure on th
e upstream face of the weir. \par\pard\ql \li1511\sb144\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-2\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\f
s24 Normal water pressure on the downstream face of the weir. \par\pard\ql \li1
511\sb124\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f1
3\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 The weight of the water supported by the
crest and the weight of the weir. \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb144\sl-276\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Dynamic forces \par\pard
\qj \li1511\ri1521\sb42\sl-400\slmult0\tx1871 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 1.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\
f11\fs24 Erosive or the scouring forces on the downstream side of the weir prod
uced either by high \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 velocity or by the i
mpact of water pouring over the weir. \par\pard\ql \li1511\sb123\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f10\f11\fs24 The force of impact of floating matter against the crest on the up
stream side of the weir. \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb144\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw

-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Conditions for stability of weirs
\par\pard\qj \li1511\sb0\sl-420\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1511\ri1964\sb6\sl-420\s
lmult0\tx1871 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 1.\ul0
\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 There must be no tensi
on in the masonry or in the contact plane between weir and the \line\tab \up0 \e
xpndtw-2\charscalex100 foundation. \par\pard\ql \li1511\sb119\sl-276\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 2.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10
\f11\fs24 There must be no overturning. \par\pard\qj \li1511\ri1444\sb6\sl-420\
slmult0\tx1871 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 3.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 There must be no tendency to slide on the joint wit
h the foundation or any horizontal plane \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
above the base. \par\pard\qj \li1511\ri1509\sb17\sl-400\slmult0\tx1871 \up0 \ex
pndtw-1\charscalex100 4.\ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\
fs24 The maximum toe and heel pressures in foundations should not exceed the pr
escribed safe \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 limits. \par\pard\ql \li11
51\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb267\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\c
harscalex100 Failure by crushing is not considered here, as it generally does no
t occur, being a low structure. \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\par
d\ql\li1151\sb268\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\c
f11\f12\fs24 Condition of maximum stress on weir \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-410
\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\ri973\sb44\sl-410\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 In the case of a dam the condition for
maximum stress is when the water level above the base is \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 maximum. i.e. when the head is maximum. But in case of a weir, when the d
ischarge increases the near \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 water level also build
s up and the difference between them will become less and less. So, the weir is
\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 subjected to maximum head when the water lev
el on the upstream side is maximum and no water \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 passes over the crest.. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pa
rd\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg21}{\bkmkend Pg21}\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slm
ult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmul
t0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\par\pard\ql\li1151\sb72\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosu
persub\cf11\f12\fs24 Design of Channel \par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\p
ard\li1151\sb53\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751\tx5471 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Design discharge of the channel\tab \up0 \expndtw-5
\charscalex100 Q\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 = 390 lps\par\pard\li1151\s
b0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751\tx5471 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Length of the
channel\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 L\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 =
65 m\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx5471\tx6563 \up0 \expndtw-5\char
scalex100 Cross sectional area of the channel
A\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscale
x100 = Q / V\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 = 0.39 / 1.0\par\pard\li1214\
sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi4257 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 = 0.39 m\ul0\super\cf2
1\f22\fs24 2\par\pard\li1214\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx6554 \up0 \expndtw-5\chars
calex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 V = max. velocity permissible through the
channel\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 = 1.0 m/s\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-27
6\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb247\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Cross sectional dimensions of the channel\par\p
ard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb53\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expn
dtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 From economic consideration\
par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi719\tx3311 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 To
p width T\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 = 2d\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\
slmult0\fi719\tx2999\tx5474 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 Area\tab \up0 \expndtw
-6\charscalex100 A = T x d\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 = 2d\ul0\super
\cf21\f22\fs24 2\par\pard\li1151\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi719\tx3059\tx3820\tx5471
\up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Depth\tab \up0 \exp
ndtw-6\charscalex100 d =\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 0.39/2\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-6\charscalex100 = 0.44 m\par\pard\li1151\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \
expndtw-6\charscalex100 Provide a free board of 15cm\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-27
6\slmult0\fi0\tx2793\tx5471 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 Total depth\tab \up0 \

expndtw-6\charscalex100 D\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 = 0.60 m\par\pard\
li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2827\tx5471\tx6974 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100
Base width\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 B\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex10
0 = 0.44 x 2 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 0.88 m ~ 0.9 m\par\pard\li1
151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3311\tx5471\tx6614\tx6974 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscale
x100 Hydraulic radius R\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 =
wetted area\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 = A/P\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 =\tab
\up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 0.90 x 0.45\par\pard\li3554\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi
0\tx6974 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 wetted perimeter\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 0.90 + 0.45 x 2\par\pard\li6614\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx6928 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.225\par\pard\ql \li7
631\sb0\sl-184\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li7631\sb47\sl-184\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs16 2 \par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-216\slmult0
\fi0\tx4031\tx6614 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 C
hannel bed slope\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 S\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charsca
lex100 =
nv\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-216\slmult0\fi5822 \up0 \expndtw-2\charsca
lex100 R \ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 2/3\par\pard\li1151\sb259\sl-276\slmult0\fi287
9\tx4751\tx6011\tx6614 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs
24 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.015 x 1.0\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 \ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf10\f11\fs24 = 0.00164\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi3599 \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 (0.225)\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 2/3\par\pard\li1151\sb276\sl
-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4031\tx4751 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1
0\f11\fs24 Head loss\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 Channel bed slope x Length of the channel\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\
slmult0\fi2159\tx4751\tx6614 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-4
\charscalex100 0.00164x 65\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 = 0.11m\par\pard\
li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1871\sb2
76\sl-276\slmult0\fi842\tx4031\tx5714 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 0.2\tab \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 0.80m\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 0.2\par\pard\l
i1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1871\sb27
6\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 0.60 m\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl
-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmul
t0\par\pard\li1871\sb10\sl-276\slmult0\fi119\tx6554\tx7327 \up0 \expndtw-4\chars
calex100 .05\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 6mm\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscale
x100 300 mm c/c\par\pard\li3311\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3311\sb12\sl-276\s
lmult0\fi0\tx4324 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3, 8mm\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 200 mm c/c\par\pard\ql \li4031\sb265\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\cha
rscalex100 1.30 m
}
}}
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hpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz2124\shplid5{\sp{\sn shapeType
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8}}
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57);(0,72);(3,87);(11,100);(25,112);(43,123);(64,132);(88,138);(144,144);(200,13
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bxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz2359\shplid52{\sp{\sn shapeType}
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\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\s
l-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb96\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Design of settling tank \par\pard\li1151\sb0\s
l-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb5\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx5471 \up0 \expndtw-4\char
scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Rated flow through the channel (Q) =\
tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 390 lps\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 For low head power plants\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751\tx5471 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 d \ul0\sub\cf21\f22\
fs24 limit\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =\tab
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 0.2 to 0.5mm\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\f
i0\tx4751\tx5471 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Select d \ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 l
imit\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =\tab \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 0.2mm\par\pard\qj \li1151\ri1707\sb256\sl-280\slmult0\f
i719 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 In practice for a limited grain size of 0.2mm
, a flow velocity of 0.2 m/s has proved to be \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 suit
able \par\pard\li2591\sb44\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751\tx5471 \dn4 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 V\ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs16 d\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul
0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.2 m/s\par\pard\
li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb209\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 Determination of sand trap dimensions\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-27
6\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb60\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
Length of the sand trap\par\pard\li3311\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751\tx5534 \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 L\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 =\tab \dn4 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 V\ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs16 d\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24
. h\par\pard\li1871\sb31\sl-276\slmult0\fi3599 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 V\
ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs16 s \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 - 0.04 V\ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf21\f22\fs16 d\par\pard\li1871\sb1\sl-238\slmult0\fi0\tx3311\tx4751\tx5471
\tx7631\tx8308 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Where
\tab \dn3 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 V\ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs16 s\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 sinking velocity\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 0.028\par\pard\li3311\sb7\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751\tx5471\tx7631
\tx8351 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 h\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 =\tab
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 settling depth\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 =
\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.5 m\par\pard\li3311\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\
tx4751\tx5471\tx7631\tx8351 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 L\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.2 x 0.50\tab \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 5m\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276
\slmult0\fi4319 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 0.028 - 0.04 x 0.2\par\pard\li1151
\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Width of sand trap\par\par
d\li3311\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751\tx5471 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 B\
tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Q . t\ul0\
sub\cf21\f22\fs24 d\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi3599 \up0 \expndtw-6\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 L.h\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\fi479\tx4751\tx5471\tx7581 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 Where

Q\tab \up
0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 discharge in m\ul
0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 /sec\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\ch
arscalex100 = 0.39 m\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 /
sec\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751\tx5471\tx6191\tx7595 \up0 \exp
ndtw-6\charscalex100 t\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 d\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =
time of passage (sec)\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\c
harscalex100 L\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 = 5.0 /0.2\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\
charscalex100 = 25 sec\par\pard\ql \li5471\sb57\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 V\ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs16 d \par\pard\li2231\sb1\sl-262\slmult
0\fi0\tx5471\tx7574 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24
Width of the sand trap B =\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 0.39 x 25\tab \up
0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 = 3.90 m\par\pard\ql \li5471\sb3\sl-260\slmult0 \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 5 x 0.5 \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\
pard\ql\li1151\sb251\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf11\f12\fs24 Collection tank capacity \par\pard\qj \li1151\sb0\sl-280\slmult0
\par\pard\qj\li1151\ri962\sb41\sl-280\slmult0\fi719 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10
0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 The depth of the collection tank is specified on
the basis of a reasonable emptying frequency. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Afte
r periods of heavy rainfall when the silt load (or turbidity) is a maximum, a re
asonable emptying \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 frequency might be up to twice da
ily. \par\pard\qj \li1151\ri962\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\fi719 \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex100 Consider the water caries a severe silt load of 0.5 kg/m\ul0\super\cf21\f2
2\fs24 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 If 100% of the silt is deposited in the \
up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 collection tank then.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\co
ls2\colno1\colw4591\colsr160\colno2\colw7349\colsr160\ql \li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmu
lt0 \par\pard\ql \li1871\sb1\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Rate o
f silt deposited\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb2
76\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Silt deposited in 12 hours\par\p
ard\column \ql \li4751\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = silt load x rated flow through the canal\par\par
d\ql \li20\sb1\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 0.5 x 0.39\par\par
d\ql \li20\sb2\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 0.195 kg/s\par\par
d\ql \li20\sb2\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 12 x 3600 x 0.195\
par\pard\ql \li20\sb2\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 8424 kg \pa
r\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1151\ri1178\sb264\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 Taking the density of sand as 2600 kg/m\ul0\super\cf21\f22
\fs24 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 and estimating the packing density of the
deposit as \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 50% then.
}
}}
}

}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}

}}
}
g23}{\bkmkend Pg23}\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-27
6\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\
par\pard\li1151\sb101\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u
l0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Volume of silt deposited\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 = 8424 / 0.5 x 2600\par\pard\ql \li4751\sb1\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 = 6.48 m\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 3 \par\pard\li1151\sb12\sl-276\
slmult0\fi0\tx4751 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 D
epth of the collection tank\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = Volume / Area\pa
r\pard\qj \li4751\ri5834\sb13\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 6.4
8 / 5 x 3.9 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 0.33m \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb7\sl-27
6\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Provide depth of the collection tank as
0.35m \par\pard\qj \li1151\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1151\ri1327\sb1\s
l-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 In order to achieve uniform ap
proach of water over the whole chamber width the transition \up0 \expndtw-4\ch
arscalex100 section is to be designed according to the condition \par\pard\li115
1\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb20\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3311\tx4751\tx547
4 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Transition length l\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 B-B\u8217?\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs24 \u-3933?\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 1/3
L\par\pard\ql \li4751\sb1\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2 tan \pa
r\pard\li3311\sb22\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751\tx5234\tx6911\tx7631 \up0 \expndtw2\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 3.90\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 - 0.90\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 1.5 m < 1/3 L =1.67 m\par\pard\ql \li4751\sb1\sl-261\slmult0 \up0 \expnd
tw-3\charscalex100 2 tan 45\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 0 \par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-27
6\slmult0\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\
par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\l
i1871\sb15\sl-276\slmult0\fi962\tx8474 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf10\f11\fs24 45\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 0\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 45\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 0\par\pard\li1871\sb2
76\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx5474\tx8894 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf10\f11\fs24 0.90m\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3.90 m\tab \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 0.90 m\par\pard\li2894\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li2894\sb0\s
l-276\slmult0\par\pard\li2894\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li2894\sb0\sl-276\slmu
lt0\par\pard\li2894\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx5471\tx8351 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 1.50 m\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 5m\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charsca
lex100 1.50 m\par\pard\ql \li2834\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2834\sb0\sl276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2834\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2834\sb0\sl-27
6\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2834\sb264\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
0.45 m \par\pard\li7631\sb10\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0
.5 m\par\pard\li7631\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li7631\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\p
ard\li7631\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi902 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.35 m

}
}}
}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
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\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb146\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charsca
lex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs28 Design of flood spillway \par\pard\qj \li11
51\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1151\ri1027\sb53\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 The flood spillway can be
sized on the basis of the head race water depth of 0.45 m. at normal \up0 \ex
pndtw-2\charscalex100 flows. The height of the spillway crest (h spillway) shoul
d be aligned to the normal flow surface level \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 or w
ater depth. \par\pard\li2591\sb5\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4031\tx5471 \up0 \expndtw3\charscalex100 h spillway\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = h\ul0\sub\cf21\f2
2\fs24 h\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 (normal)\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex10
0 = 0.45 m.\par\pard\qj \li1151\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1151\ri960\sb2
73\sl-273\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 The spillway length (L spil
l way) is found from the standard weir equation. It must be long \up0 \expndtw0\
charscalex100 enough to pass the spill flow (Q spill) with the available excess
head of water behind it. The spillway \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 length is not
found from crest flood conditions but from miner floods. When the head race flo
w has \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 only risen by 15 % above its normal value. \p
ar\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb149\sl-276\slmult0\t
x4031 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Standard weir equation (Q) \tab \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 = C\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 w\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 x L
\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 weir\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 (h \ul0\sub\cf21\f22\f
s24 over top\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 )\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 1.5 \par\par
d\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb268\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 In this case \par\pard\li18
71\sb153\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3311\tx5471 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Q \ul0\s
ub\cf21\f22\fs24 spill\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f1

1\fs24 = Q \ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 minorflood\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 - Q \
ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 gross\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
10\f11\fs24 = C\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 w\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 x L\ul0\su
b\cf21\f22\fs24 spillway\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 x (h\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs2
4 minor flood\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 - h\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 spillway\u
l0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 )\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 1.5\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb
0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb259\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charsc
alex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Adopt a value for weir coefficient for spi
llway of (C\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 w\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =1.6) \par\pard
\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb
48\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2591 \dn3 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 L\ul0\nosupersub\cf21
\f22\fs16 spillway\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs
24 = (Q \ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 minor flood\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 - Q \ul
0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 gross\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 )/ 1.6 (h \ul0\sub\cf21\
f22\fs24 minor flood\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 - h\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 spi
llway\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 )\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 1.5\par\pard\ql \li
1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb232\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3
\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 For a minor flood flow of 15% above
normal flow. \par\pard\ql \li1151\sb144\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 Q \ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 minor flood\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = 1.15
x Q \ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 gross\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = 1.15 x 0.39= 0.
45 m\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 /Sec. \par\pard\qj \
li1151\ri1074\sb42\sl-400\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 If we assu
me that the minor flood water travels at the same velocity as normal flows, the
water \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 depth for this increased flow will also be i
ncreased by the same ratio. \par\pard\li1151\sb163\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2591\tx4
751\tx6191 \dn4 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 h\ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs16 minor fl
ood\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = 1.15 x h \
ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 spillway\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf10\f11\fs24 = 1.15 x 0.45\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 = 0.52 m.\par\par
d\li1151\sb106\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2591\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 L
\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 spillway\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf10\f11\fs24 = (0.45 - 0.39) / 1.6 (0.52- 0.45) \ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 1.5\
tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = 0.54 m.\par\pa
rd\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840
117\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Young'{\par}}}}
102\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Friction factor from moody'{\par}}}}\pard\sb0\s
l-240{\bkmkstart Pg25}{\bkmkend Pg25}\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \pa
r\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\
pard\ql\li1151\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb146\sl-322\slmult0 \up0
\expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs28 Design of penstock \par\pa
rd\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb200\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Material of the penstock Mild steel \par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1871\sb195\sl-276\slm
ult0\fi0\tx5471\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs
24 Length of penstock (Lp)\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw

-3\charscalex100 18 m\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx5471\tx6191 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Flow through the penstock pipe Q\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24
p\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 390 lps\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx5471\tx61
91 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Gross head (Hg)\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1
00 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 9 m\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi
0\tx4751\tx5471\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Pipe inner diameter\tab \dn
4 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 D\ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs16 i\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
400 mm\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751\tx5471\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw
-3\charscalex100 Thickness of the Pipe\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 t\tab \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 8 mm\par\pard\l
i1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Equivalent san
d grain roughness K\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 s\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.02mm\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi693
\tx5471\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 s modulus of elasticity E\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2.1 x 10\ul0\super\
cf21\f22\fs24 10 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 kg/m\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 2\p
ar\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Bulk modulus of elasticity of water K=\tab \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 2.14 x 10\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 8\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs
24 kg/m\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 2\par\pard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx5471
\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 No. of ben
ds\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2\par\p
ard\li1871\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx5471\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 An
gle of bends\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs24 =\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 20\ul0\super\cf21
\f22\fs24 0\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 , 45\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 0\par\par
d\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1151\sb237\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Hydraulic Design \par\pard\
li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1151\sb72\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx5471\tx6191\
tx6489 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Area of cross
section of the pipe Ap\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 (\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 / 4) D\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 i
\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 \ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 2\par\pard\li1151\sb12\s
l-276\slmult0\fi4319\tx6191\tx6489 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub
\cf10\f11\fs24 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 (\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charsca
lex100 / 4) x ( 0. 4) \ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 2\par\pard\li1151\sb3\sl-276\slmu
lt0\fi4319\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =\
tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 0.126 m \ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 2\par\pard\li
1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx5471\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Velocity of the
flow through the pipe V\ul0\sub\cf21\
f22\fs24 p\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =\tab
\up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Qp / Ap\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi4319
\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 0.39 /
0.126\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi4319\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscal
ex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 3.09 m / sec\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-27
6\slmult0\fi0\tx5471\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Reynolds number
Re\
tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Vp D\ul0\s
ub\cf21\f22\fs24 i\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 x 10 \ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 6
\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi4319\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 3.09 x 0.4 x 1
0 \ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 6\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi4319\tx6191 \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 1.24 x 10\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 6\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slm
ult0\fi0\tx4751\tx5471\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10
\f11\fs24 Relative roughness\tab \dn3 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 K\ul0\nosupersub\
cf21\f22\fs16 r\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24
=\tab \dn3 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 K\ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs16 s\ul0\nosuper
sub\cf10\f11\fs24 / D\ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs16 i\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276

\slmult0\fi5102\tx7631 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs
24 0.02 / 400\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 = 0.00005\par\pard\li1151\sb27
6\sl-276\slmult0\fi2675\tx5471\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 s chart f\
tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 0.011\par\
pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4751\tx5471\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal
ex100 Head loss due to friction\tab \dn3 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 H\ul0\nosupers
ub\cf21\f22\fs16 f\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs
24 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 fL 0.083 Q\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 2\par\
pard\ql \li6554\sb55\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf10\f11\fs24 D\ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs16 i\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 \
ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 5 \par\pard\li5474\sb267\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx6191 \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 0.011x 18 x 0.083 x ( 0.39) \ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 2\par\pard\li115
1\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi5882 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f
11\fs24 (0.4) \ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 5\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi43
19\tx6191 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =\tab \up0
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 0.244 m\par\pard\li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \e
xpndtw-5\charscalex100 Considering 2 bends 45\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 0\ul0\
nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 , 20\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 0\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\
fs24 , entrance losses and valve losses\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1
\colw3871\colsr160\colno2\colw8069\colsr160\ql \li1151\sb9\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 H \ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 turbulence\par\pard\ql \li1151\
sb3\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 H
\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 turbulence\par\pard\ql \li1151\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\p
ard\ql \li1151\sb276\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf10\f11\fs24 Total head loss H \ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 loss\par\pard\ql \li115
1\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\tx2586 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10
\f11\fs24 Net head\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 H\ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\f
s16 net\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb9\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex10
0 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = K V\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 2\ul0\nosupersub
\cf10\f11\fs24 / 2g\par\pard\ql \li20\sb3\sl-276\slmult0\tx745 \up0 \expndtw-4\
charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 ( 0.23 + 0.15 + 0.8 + 0.14)
3.09 \ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 2\par\pard\ql \li3443\sb1\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \exp
ndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 2 x 9.81\par\pard\ql \li20\sb
2\sl-275\slmult0\tx745 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 0.64 m\par\pard\ql \li20\sb2\sl-275\slmult0\tx745 \up0 \expndtw-3\chars
calex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 H\ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs16 f \u
l0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 + H \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs16 turbulence\par\par
d\ql \li20\sb27\sl-244\slmult0\tx745\tx2185 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\n
osupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.24+ 0.64\tab \up0
\expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 0.88m\par\pard\ql \li20\sb6\sl-276\slmult0\tx745\tx21
85 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Hg - H \ul0
\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 loss\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f
11\fs24 = 9- 0.88 = 8.12 m
}
}}

}
}}
}
g26}{\bkmkend Pg26}\par\pard\ql \li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li849\sb0
\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li849\sb0\sl276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li849\sb28\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Structural design\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\col
s2\colno1\colw5009\colsr160\colno2\colw6931\colsr160\ql \li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult
0 \par\pard\ql \li849\sb71\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nos
upersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Minimum thickness of pipe (Di in cm)\par\pard\ql \li849\sb
0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li849\sb0\
sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li849\sb276\
sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 Corrosion allowance
C\ul0\sub\
cf21\f22\fs24 a\par\pard\ql \li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex
100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Effective thickness of pipe
t\ul0\sub\cf21\
f22\fs24 e\par\pard\ql \li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li849\sb0\sl-276\
slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li849\sb276\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Surge wave velocity C\par\pard\column \ql \li5169\s
b0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb71\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charsca
lex100 = t mini = 10 (Di + 50) / 400\par\pard\ql \li20\sb276\sl-276\slmult0 \u
p0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 10 (40 + 50)\par\pard\ql \li740\sb0\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 400\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 = 2.25 mm\par\pard\ql \li5169\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard
\ql \li20\sb1\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-9\charscalex100 = 1.5 mm\par\pard\q
l \li20\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 = t - C\ul0\sub\cf21\
f22\fs24 a\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = 8 - 1.5\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-276\slmult0
\up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 = 6.5 mm > 2.25 mm\par\pard\ql \li20\sb276\sl-27
6\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 1 / sqrt [(Pw/g) (1/K + Di /E x t\ul0\
sub\cf21\f22\fs24 e\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 )] \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone
\ql \li2291\sb265\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 1 / sqrt [(100
0 / 9.81) (1 / 2.14 x 10\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 8\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24
+ 400 / 2.1 x 10\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 10\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 x 6.5
)] \par\pard\ql \li5169\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5169\sb8\sl-276\slmult
0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 = 1125.09 m/sec.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\col
s2\colno1\colw5009\colsr160\colno2\colw6931\colsr160\ql \li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult
0 \par\pard\ql \li849\sb3\sl-276\slmult0\tx2284\tx3004 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscale
x100 H \ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 surge\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosup
ersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 CV\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24
p\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 / g\par\pard\ql \li849\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\tx2
284\tx3004 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 H \ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 max\tab \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\char
scalex100 H\ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs16 g\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 + H\ul0

\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs16 surge\par\pard\ql \li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\
ql \li849\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\tx2284\tx3004 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\
nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 Hoop stress\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 =\tab \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 0.1 x H \ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 max\ul0\nosupersub\cf1
0\f11\fs24 x D\ul0\sub\cf21\f22\fs24 i\par\pard\ql \li3729\sb1\sl-275\slmult0 \
up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 2 x t\ul0\sub\cf21\f2
2\fs24 e\par\pard\ql \li2289\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2289\sb1\sl-276\
slmult0\tx3004 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 =\tab
\up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 0.1 x 363.38 x 400\par\pard\ql \li3729\sb0\sl-2
76\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2 x 6.5\par\pard\ql \li2289\sb1\sl-275\
slmult0\tx3004 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100
1118.11 kgf / cm\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 2\par\pard\column \ql \li5169\sb0\sl
-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb3\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
\ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 = 1125.09 x 3.09 / 9.81\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 = 354.38 m\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 = 9 + 354.38\par\pard\ql \li20\sb2\sl275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 = 363.38 m\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkno
ne\cols2\colno1\colw4494\colsr20\colno2\colw7586\colsr160\ql \li849\sb0\sl-276\s
lmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2289\sb1\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 < 1
.5 yield stress i.e.\par\pard\ql \li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li849\
sb7\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 S
UMMARY\par\pard\ql \li1569\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0
\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 MATERIAL OF PENSTOCK\par\pard\ql \li1569\sb3\sl-275\sl
mult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 OUTSIDE PIPE DIAMETER\par\pard\ql \li1569\sb
2\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 WALL THICKNESS\par\pard\ql \li156
9\sb1\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 INTERNAL DIAMETER\par\pard\co
lumn \ql \li4514\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-276\slmult0\tx2182
\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1500 Kgf/ cm\ul0\super\cf21\f22\fs24 2\tab \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 hence safe\par\pard\ql \li
5889\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1395\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\tx2120 \up0 \e
xpndtw-4\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 MILD STEEL\par\pard\q
l \li1395\sb1\sl-275\slmult0\tx2120 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 400 mm\par\pard\ql \li1457\sb2\sl-275\slmult0\tx2120 \up0
\expndtw-5\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 8 mm\par\pard\ql \l
i1395\sb1\sl-276\slmult0\tx2120 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndt
w-3\charscalex100 416 mm
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
}}
}
g27}{\bkmkend Pg27}\par\pard\ql \li849\sb0\sl-540\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li849\sb0
\sl-540\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li849\ri3616\sb394\sl-540\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\c
harscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Strengths, weakness and Threat analys
is \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Strengths \par\pard\li849\sb236\sl-276\sl
mult0\fi0\tx1569 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 v\t
ab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The concerned people have got the history of ta
king spontaneous collective action for common\par\pard\li849\sb276\sl-276\slmult
0\fi782 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 needs.\par\pard\li849\sb276\sl-276\slmult0
\fi0\tx1569 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 v\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Mo
derately educated, skilled and motivated human power available from the project
area.\par\pard\li849\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1569 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex1
00 v\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 All the materials are procured and proces
sed within India, from reputed manufacturers.\par\pard\li849\sb276\sl-276\slmult
0\fi0\tx1569 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 v\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 T
he environmental impact of the project will be minimal.\par\pard\li849\sb0\sl-27
6\slmult0\par\pard\li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\pa
r\pard\li849\sb7\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf11\f12\fs24 Weaknesses\par\pard\li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li849\sb0\
sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li849\sb269\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1569 \up0 \expndtw-2\ch
arscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 v\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 La
ck of awareness/information about the technology and its potential among concern
ed officials and\par\pard\li849\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\chars
calex100 politicians.\par\pard\li849\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1569 \up0 \expnd
tw-2\charscalex100 v\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The incapacity of the pub
lic and others to have an in-depth and comprehensive vision about the\par\pard\l
i849\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi719 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 project.\par\pard\
li849\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1569 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 v\tab \up0 \
expndtw-2\charscalex100 The nature of technology, which is only getting matured.
\par\pard\li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li
849\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li849\sb7\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\cha
rscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Opportunities\par\pard\li849\sb0\sl-276
\slmult0\par\pard\li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li849\sb269\sl-276\slmult0\f
i0\tx1569 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 v\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 The value addition possible on farm products.\par\pard
\li849\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1569 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 v\tab \up0
\expndtw-2\charscalex100 Promotion of small-scale industries.\par\pard\li849\sb2
76\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1569 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 v\tab \up0 \expndtw-2
\charscalex100 Mechanization\u8217?s of artisans work.\par\pard\li849\sb276\sl-2
76\slmult0\fi0\tx1569 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 v\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charsc
alex100 The protection of agriculture from wild animals.\par\pard\li849\sb276\sl
-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1569 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 v\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\char
scalex100 The irrigation potential of the water released from the powerhouse\par
\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg28}{\
bkmkend Pg28}\par\pard\li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult
0\par\pard\li849\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li849\sb75\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx156
9 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs24 v\tab \up0 \expndt
w0\charscalex100 Environmental issues reach the people from an abstract form to
a hard reality which makes it possible\par\pard\li849\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi720
\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 to start real soil water conservation measures, si
nce the streams are becoming very critical for the\par\pard\li849\sb276\sl-276\s
lmult0\fi719 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 community.\par\pard\li849\sb276\sl-27
6\slmult0\fi0\tx1569 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 v\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscal
ex100 Whole village is becoming energy sufficient using renewal energy source.\p
ar\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg29}
{\bkmkend Pg29}\pard\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24}

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{\rtf1{\fonttbl

{\f2 Times New Roman;}

t0 \par\pard\ql\li7288\sb281\sl-414\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 \ul0\nos

l\li5013\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5013\sb184\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expnd

pard\qj \li1603\ri961\sb17\sl-400\slmult0\tx1871 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 4.

ke to the head of the penstock.\par\pard\li1151\sb149\sl-322\slmult0\fi0\tx1511

{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,12);(67,12);(67,0);(0,0)}}

p0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 relatively autonomous and fully dependent on a

rsub\cf10\f11\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Power output\tab \up0 \expndtw

3\charscalex100 *40\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2 hrs 27 mins\tab \up0 \ex

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\s

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