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édito sommaire N° 449 / Du 3 au 16 mai 2018
NIVEAU DE DIFFICULTÉ ET ÉQUIVALENCE CECRL
(Cadre Européen Commun de Référence pour les langues) :
 facile A2-B1  moyen B2-C1  difficile C1-C2
Pour faciliter le repérage et la compréhension, les mots traduits sont surlignés dans tous les
articles du magazine.

AMÉLIE ARA
RÉDACTRICE EN CHEF Grand angle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
On parle d'eux .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

Celebrating Cinema… A la une
and Women  C1-C2 Cate Blanchett: ‘empathy is a noble cause’
THE GUARDIAN (UK) ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
The time has come round again for the glitterati A chat with Cate Blanchett, Cannes Film Festival 2018 jury president.
to arrive against a backdrop of palm trees and the
red carpeted staircase, (upon which selfies are  A2-B1 Focus: Cannes Film Festival Jury ....................................................................................................... 10
no longer allowed, by the way). For its 71st year
(between 8 and 19 May), the 2018 Cannes Film
Festival has chosen an exceptional president for Société
its jury: the Australian actress Cate Blanchett.  B2-C1 India’s gender gap remains vast THE ECONOMIST (UK) ......................................... 12
The paradoxical status of women in Indian society.
Since her portrayal of Elisabeth I in Shekhar
Kapur’s biopic (1998), which propelled her into  B2-C1 The repair cafes against throwaway culture
worldwide celebrity and, notably, a Golden Globe, THE GUARDIAN (UK) ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Cate Blanchett has belonged to a very small group Fixing things to fight against waste.
of the great film actors of her time. She excels
in the art of metamorphosis, her roles ranging  A2-B1 A 360° ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16
from the eclectic like Coffee and Cigarettes by Jim
Jarmush to the mega Lord of the Rings trilogy.
Although widely acclaimed by critics, and the PRATIC’ABLE  ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17
recipient of dozens of awards, she has carefully Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler
preserved her freedom of artistic choice over comme un anglophone
roles and films. Le 1er mai / Point de grammaire : Les comparatifs

It is not very often that Cannes offers the presi-

dency to a woman. In fact it has only happened
eleven times since the first festival in 1946. Cate Enjeux
Blanchett is a prominent figure in the Time's Up  B2-C1 ‘Jacindamania’ in New Zealand LOS ANGELES TIMES (US) .................................... 21
movement against sexual harassment in the film A political figure that has conquered hearts worldwide.
industry. She is also the second only Australian to
have been nominated, the first being the director,  B2-C1 What’s next for Canada’s economy
George Miller in 2016. Bravo Cannes Film Festi- THE ECONOMIST (UK) ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
val, for this bold choice, and important moment, Canada bases its growth strategy on new industries.
to be savoured like a fine wine.

Culture
 A2-B1 Echos ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25

 B2-C1 Shakespeare and Company Is Back THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) ........... 26
Rejoignez-nous sur et suivez-nous sur et sur Renaissance for independent booksellers in New York.

Découverte
BONUS  B2-C1 British scientists set to work on Zika vaccine
THE GUARDIAN (UK) ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 28.
L’article est repris sur le CD ou les MP3 New findings to deal with the Zika virus.
de conversation : Des interviews en V.O.
pour améliorer votre compréhension  B2-C1 Pall on testing of self-driving cars THE NEW YORK TIMES (UK) ............. 30.
Tous les articles du magazine sont lus par des Are self-driving cars really safe?
anglophones sur le CD (ou les MP3) de lecture

Retrouvez le reportage vidéo

lié à l’ article sur vocable.fr
Bons plans .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Les sorties ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Le dessin .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Photo de couverture : THE GUARDIAN/SIPA
 Grand
angle
ROYAUME-UNI
Did you know?
In Great Britain, people celebrating their 100th
birthday receive a congratulatory card from the
Queen, and a birthday card every year
thereafter. A “Centenarian team” comprised of
seven people is dedicated to keeping
information up to date about Britain’s oldest
citizens. Couples celebrating their 60th, 65th
and 70th wedding anniversaries also receive a
royal congratulatory card as part of a tradition
dating back to 1917.
thereafter after that / to be comprised of to be
made up of / to be dedicated to to be devoted to
/ up to date relevant, with accurate information /
citizen person, civilian, here subject / as part of
here, following / to date back to to date from.
4 • VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018
L’actualité en images
(Simon Czapp/Solent/SIPA)
BIRTHDAY BOY
Robert Weighton, Britain’s oldest man, has just celebrated his 110th Birthday. He
was born in Hull on March 29, 1908 and has lived through both World Wars. He
trained in marine engineering but worked as an English teacher in Taiwan until
World War II. He has three children, 10 grandchildren and 25 great-grandchildren.
Although he received a letter from Queen Elizabeth II when he turned 100, he
decided not to accept birthday cards from the Queen for every additional year,
because he didn’t want to clutter up his house. He also said that the Queen looked
“a bit miserable while on official duties” in these birthday cards, however, he
would welcome birthday cards from the Royal Family again if there were a change
of monarch…
birthday boy person (here, man) celebrating a birthday / to live through to experience, be alive during / both the two
/ to train to learn professional skills / marine engineering naval engineer / great-grandchild your grandchild’s child /
although even though / to turn here, to reach the age of / to clutter up to mess up / to look to seem, appear /
miserable unhappy / while on during / duty here, official visit / to welcome here, to accept.
 On parle d'eux… Retrouvez le fil d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

Ceux qui font l'actu

Winnie
Madikizela-Mandela
Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, the former wife of Nelson Mandela,
has died. She received a state funeral on April 14th. The politician and
anti-apartheid activist was revered by many South Africans, who
called her “Mother of the Nation”, but she remained a controversial
figure. As a prominent face of the struggle to overturn the apartheid
system, she campaigned tirelessly for Mandela’s release during his
27-year imprisonment, and spent 491 days in solitary confinement
herself. However, she was criticised because of her bodyguards’ role
in the kidnapping of four boys in Soweto, and her support for “neck-
lacing,” a torture and execution practice carried out on suspected
apartheid collaborators.
former ex / wife spouse / activist militant / to revere to worship, venerate / to remain to continue
(to be) / figure person, individual / prominent important / face here, personality / struggle fight,
battle / to overturn to put an end to / to campaign to conduct a campaign, fight for a cause, militate /
tirelessly with never-ending energy, non stop / release liberation from prison / to spend, spent,
spent to pass (time) / solitary confinement isolation / however nevertheless / support approval,
solidarity, endorsement / to carry out to commit, perpetrate / suspected presumed.

(SIPA)
(Chang W. Lee/The New York Times)
(SIPA)

(SIPA)
Jeremy Deller Justin Trudeau Elizabeth Esty

Jeremy Deller, an English artist who won the
prestigious Turner Prize in 2004, has been
distributing anti-Facebook posters. His
posters, printed on pink paper, were handed
out in Liverpool and London train stations in
the wake of the Cambridge Analytica scandal,
and explained to commuters how to delete
their Facebook accounts in six steps. The
action was part of a Liverpool-based project
called “Rapid Response Unit,” set up to
explore how news is received.
prize award / to hand out to give out, distribute / in
the wake of as a result of, following / commuter
person travelling to work and back daily / to delete to
remove / account here, online profile / step here stage,
phase / action here, initiative / to be part of to be an
integral aspect of / to set, set, set up to create,
establish / to explore here, to study / to receive here,
to perceive.
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has Following days of controversy, Democrat
exonerated six indigenous chiefs who were Representative Elizabeth Esty announced that
executed by colonial authorities more than she would not seek re-election to Congress in
150 years ago. In 1864, the Tsilhqot’in chiefs her Connecticut district. She was forced out of
were tricked into going to what they thought office after it was reported that she waited
were peace talks. They were then accused of three months to fire a former top aide, John
murdering fourteen white road workers who Baker, after he sexually harassed and made
had entered their territory without permission, death threats to another co-worker. “Too many
and hanged for the alleged crime. Justin women have been harmed by harassment in
Trudeau has apologised and absolved the the workplace. In the terrible situation in my
Tsilhqot’in leaders in a statement to the office, I could have and should have done
House of Commons. better,” she said in a statement.
to exonerate to prove innocent, discharge / to trick sb following after / to seek, sought, sought re-election
into (+ger.) to make sb believe (falsely) / peace talks to stand for re-election / to force sb out of office to
negotiations for an accord / to murder to kill, oblige sb to leave their position / to report to relate,
assassinate / to hang, hanged or hung, hanged or reveal, bring to public attention / to fire to dismiss, sack /
hung to execute by suspending from a rope around the top principal / aide adviser, collaborator / to harass to
neck / alleged supposed, presumed / to apologise to subject to intimidation, to treat in an offensive way / to
say sorry for, ask for pardon / to absolve to recognise as make, made, made here, to menace with, send / threat
innocent / statement declaration / (the) House of expression of intention to inflict harm / co-worker
Commons chamber in the Canadian Parliament. colleague / to be harmed by to be a victim of / in the
workplace where one works, at work.

VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018 •5

À la une I Culture I AUSTRALIE

SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
I  C2

Comment a réagi Cate Blanchett en recevant son deuxième Oscar ?

Découvrez le reportage vidéo et testez votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais

THE GUARDIAN XAN BROOKS

CATE
BLANCHETT:
‘EMPATHY
IS A NOBLE
CAUSE’
Interview with the actress,
Cate Blanchett
Equally at ease in a mega-blockbuster as a
small independent production, Cate Blanchett
is undeniably one of the greatest actresses of
her time. The multi-Oscar winning Australian
star has been chosen to preside over the jury of
the 71st Cannes Film Festival in 2018 – a new
and challenging role for her. This lovely portrait
by The Guardian came out just after the release
of the film, Carol, in 2015.

(Swan Gallet/WWD/Shutter/SIPA)

6 • VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2

“She will be a committed President, a passionate
woman and a big-hearted spectator.”
Pierre Lescure and Thierry Frémaux, Cannes Festival Presidents
I am half an hour early for the interview
but the discreet hotel library has already
been taken. A woman (blond, gangly, faintly
familiar) is sitting on the floor, demolishing a
plate of tenderstem broccoli. The movie camera
misleads. I have been watching [Cate Blanchett]
for years and thought I knew just what to expect:
some imposing snow queen, with wide geomet-
ric features and a hard feline stare. It is only now,
gawping at the loose-limbed, studious-looking
thief on the floor, that I realise I got it wrong.  cast as the mercurial singer.
COLLABORATIONS WITH TODD
HAYNES
2. Blanchett is in London to attend two movie
premieres. In the first, Truth, she stars as Mary
Mapes, the CBS journalist who found herself
targeted by the Bush administration during
the fraught run-up to the 2004 election. In the
second, the extraordinary Carol, she plays the
sculpted 50s housewife who sets out to seduce
1. library collection of books / gangly tall and uncoordinated,
clumsy / faintly vaguely / to demolish to eat fast /
tenderstem broccoli hybrid vegetable, combining broccoli
and kale / to mislead, misled, misled to trick, deceive /
feature part of a person’s face, eyes, nose, mouth, etc. /
stare fixed look, gaze / to gawp to look at with wonder and
surprise / loose-limbed supple / thief person who steals /
to get, got, got sth wrong to make a mistake.
2. to attend to be present at / premiere first showing
(here of a film) / Truth (VF) Truth : Le Prix de la vérité
(2015), by James Vanderbilt / to star to have as the
principal actor/actress / to target to have as an objective,
aim at / fraught difficult, demanding / run-up period
before an event / sculpted with a sculpted silhouette /
housewife woman who stays at home to look after the
house and children / to set, set, set out to make an
effort, undertake /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
library (§ 1)
N'oubliez pas que library se traduit
par bibliothèque et que librairie se dit
bookshop ou bookstore.
Les bouquinistes, si célèbres à Paris,
sont des secondhand booksellers et
"Shakespeare and Company" est un
secondhand bookshop qui vend des
livres d'occasion. Quel plaisir de
browse through (feuilleter) their
stock !
Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile
a Manhattan shopgirl. It is gracefully directed
by Todd Haynes, who made his name at the
vanguard of the New Queer Cinema movement
and seems drawn to tales of transgression and
tragedy (Far From Heaven, Safe). Blanchett
reckons nobody else could have made it.  Oxford hotel. [...] And this random Scottish
3. The pair last collaborated on the 2007 film I’m
Not There, a fractured, skittish Bob Dylan bi-
opic in which six actors were
Blanchett cropped up as an-
drogynous Bob, decked out in
black, a cigarette on the go,
“Acting had
whereas tragic Carol Aird, the
eponymous heroine of the become like
new film, could hardly be this terrible
more feminine. She’s an explo-
sion of platinum hair and addiction.”
crimson nail polish. Virginal
Therese (Rooney Mara) is
knocked for six and falls in
love – and Carol appears to
love her back. Except that this is Eisenhower-era
America and Carol is married.  like that at all. “Acting had become like this
THE BEGINNINGS
4. I’m interested in how she then found an
escape into acting. Sources state that she
made a low-rent film debut while she was
still in her teens, playing a cheerleader in an
Egyptian boxing movie called Crabs. Except
it transpires that the sources are wrong. Yes,
gracefully elegantly / to direct to make a film /
vanguard avant-garde / queer slang for homosexual, but
also strange, odd, bizarre / to be drawn to to be
interested in, attracted to / tale story / Far From Heaven
(VF) Loin du paradis / to reckon to think, believe.
3. pair here, duo / fractured broken, here having many
aspects rather than satisfying as a whole / skittish febrile
/ biopic biographical film / to cast, cast, cast to choose
to play a role / mercurial changeable, unstable, here,
moody / to crop up to appear / decked out dressed in / a
cigarette on the go a cigarette in the corner of the mouth /
hardly scarcely be, not be, with difficulty be / crimson
bright red / nail polish varnish for fingernails and toenails
/ to be knocked for six to be completely taken by
surprise, overwhelmed.
4. escape way out, evasion, release / acting profession of
acting / to state to affirm, declare / low-rent inexpensive,
cheap / debut beginner, first film / in one’s teens as an
adolescent / cheerleader member of a team that
encourages a sports team by chanting and dancing using
pom-poms / to transpire here, to turn out, it
transpires it turns out /
she says, she was living in Egypt on a gap
year abroad, because at the time she was
planning on becoming a museum curator.
“So I was in this fleapit in Cairo, which has
probably long since burned down, called the
guy came up and said they were looking for
English-speaking extras, and that I’d get paid
five Egyptian pounds and a falafel. At the
time I didn’t have enough
money to pay my room for
the week. I went along and
there was an Arabic guy
with a megaphone, like
something out of a silent
movie, and it was so hot and
so boring that I left.” 
5. Back in Australia, she en-
rolled at drama school and
decided she might as well give
acting a shot. I tell her she
makes herself sound rather
passive and again she corrects me; it was not
terrible addiction. I felt I needed to give it five
years and see where it took me.” 
A PERFECT CAREER
6. Specifically it took her to the Sydney stage,
through acclaimed turns in Sophocles’ Electra
(while she was still a student) and David
Mamet’s Oleanna (shortly after graduation).
It carried her to a Bafta award for her break-
through role in the 1998 film Elizabeth. “I was
shocked,” she recalls. “You know, I called my
agent after making Elizabeth and said, ‘I think
I’ve ended my career before it’s even begun.’
So yeah, I was completely shocked by how that
film was received.”  >>>
gap year a sabbatical year between secondary school and
university, for work and travel / curator person in charge of
a museum/gallery / fleapit old, shabby place / random
here, coming from nowhere / extra person with a minor
non-speaking part in a film or play / silent movie film
without sound.
5. to enroll (US) = to enrol (GB) to register, sign up for /
drama school school of dramatic arts / to give, gave, given
a shot at sth to try sth / addiction here, obsession, passion.
6. stage here theatre / acclaimed reputed, well
regarded, celebrated by the critics / turn performance /
graduation finishing a course, getting one’s diploma /
Bafta = British Academy of Film and Television Arts /
breakthrough important success, here, stardom.
VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018 •7
À la une I Culture I AUSTRALIE I  C2

Cate Blanchett received 2 Academy Awards, 3 Golden Globe Awards

and 3 British Academy Film Awards.

Karl Urban and Cate Blanchett in Thor Ragnarok. (LILO/SIPA)

Isabelle Huppert and
Cate Blanchett in the
theatre play The Maids.
(Ruby Washington/The New
York Times) 

Cate Blanchett in the theatre play Uncle Vanya. (Sara Krulwich/The New York Times)

Cate Blanchett in Carol. (Moviestore/REX Shutters/SIPA) Cate Blanchett in Manifesto. (Julian Rosefeldt and VG Bild-Kuns)
8 • VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2

Selected Filmography
- Elizabeth (1998) - The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008)
- The Aviator (2004) - Blue Jasmine (2013)
- Babel (2006) - Carol (2015)
>>> 7. Since then, it all looks to have been plain
sailing: a canny blend of multiplex blockbusters
with classy human dramas; an Oscar for her
pitch-perfect impression of Katharine Hepburn
in Martin Scorsese’s The Aviator. She points
out that she once made a comedy – Bandits,
co-starring Bruce Willis – that had the misfor-
tune to open the same week as the 9/11 terrorist
attacks and promptly sank without trace. But
in scanning her credits, there aren’t many obvi-
ous duds.  three weeks later it turned out that he didn’t
8. In her mid-20s, she met the Australian play-
wright Andrew Upton. They bonded over a
late-night poker game; he proposed marriage
just weeks later. They now have three sons
(Dashiell, Roman, Ignatius), along with baby
Edith, who they adopted in March. Blanchett
reckons the children keep her honest. “They
force you to be economical. To choose your roles
wisely and then shrug them off as soon as
you’re done.”  in public and who they become behind closed
9. In 2008 she took the decision to limit her
film roles in order to join her husband as co-
artistic directors of the Sydney theatre com-
pany. She knows the move was a gamble; it
risked closing the door at her back. “When I
stepped away to run the theatre company, a lot
of people said, ‘This is a mistake. You realise
you have a certain shelf life and you’re throw-
ing that away.’ But I think it’s made me a better
actor. If it hasn’t, I’m a fucking idiot.” She
pauses. “But you do carry that fear with you.
When I was getting ready to leave [the com-
pany], I did think, ‘Well, I’m in my 40s, I don’t
know if I’ve even got a film career to go back
to.’ And then Blue Jasmine landed in my lap.”
7. to be plain sailing here, to be a smooth career path /
canny clever / blend mix / blockbuster big-budget film /
classy elegant, stylish / pitch-perfect excellent,
perfectly interpreted / to point out to draw attention to a
fact, remark / misfortune bad luck / to open here to start
showing at cinemas / to sink, sank, sunk to go down,
here to disappear / to scan to look over, review / credits
here, list of films made / dud flop, failure.
8. playwright person who writes plays, dramatist / to bond
to connect, form an emotional link / to be economical to do
only what is essential / wisely intelligently, using good
judgement / to shrug sth off to forget.
9. gamble bet, risk / to step away to move away, here,
reduce one’s activity in / to run, ran, run to direct, lead /
shelf life here, period of activity, duration of professional
life / to throw, threw, thrown away to waste / to land
to get (a role, contract etc.) / lap upper part of legs when in
sitting position.
Une suggestion ? écrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr
- Thor: Ragnarok (2017)
- Manifesto (2018)
- Ocean's Eight (2018)
BLUE JASMINE perfection? The idea that something can be
10. Her role as Jasmine Francis, the brittle Park truly perfect only if there’s an imperfection in
Avenue princess fallen on hard times, would it. We all have that, it’s what makes us human.
go on to win Blanchett a second Oscar. But the And it doesn’t matter if you’re playing Elizabeth
experience of shooting it was no bed of roses. I or Bob Dylan or Mary Mapes or Carol. You’ve
She describes Woody Allen’s directing style as got to find as many warts as you can.” 
one of “benign neglect”, although it doesn’t
sound altogether benign to me. “The first day 13. Is it important for her to have some affection
was brutal,” she recalls. “He came up to me and for the people she plays? “No, I don’t think so.
said, ‘This is awful and you’re awful.’ And then But I think that empathy is a noble cause. I
think a point of understanding is probably a
like the costumes, he didn’t like the locations, good thing. I mean, with some people it’s
he didn’t like the scene. He said, ‘You’ve got to harder than with others. If I was playing Don-
help me rescue this movie.’”  ald Trump, it might be a tall order.” l
11. Blue Jasmine was a gift. Those films don’t
come along too often. All the same, she feels wart growth on the skin, here, fault, defect.
that most characters present at least some form
of challenge. “Acting can be an anthropological
process,” she says. She is fascinated by the ten-
sion between how people project themselves
doors; their capacity for surprising themselves
most of all. Surely there have been occasions
when a character has defeated her, when there
are simply no hidden depths to explore? How
about Galadriel, the distant, dreary elf queen
from The Lord Of The Rings? The actor snorts;
she’s not about to disown Galadriel. “Pointy
ears,” she says. “What’s not to like?” 
FINDING IMPERFECTIONS
12. Even Galadriel’s not perfect, everybody has
their flaws. “You know that eastern idea of
10. brittle fragile / to fall, fell, fallen on hard times to
endure a difficult time / ...would go on to win Blanchett
a second Oscar ...brought her a second Oscar / to shoot,
shot, shot here, to play (in a film) / ...was no bed of
roses ...was not easy / benign harmless, mild, gentle /
neglect negligence / altogether completely / awful
terrible, bad / to turn out to be revealed, prove /
location place where a film is made / to
rescue to save.
11. gift present, here, stroke of
good luck / to come, came,
come along to arrive, appear /
challenge here, demanding
task/undertaking / behind
closed doors in private / to defeat to beat, overcome /
depth deep understanding / dreary boring, not
interesting, dull / The Lord of the Rings Le Seigneur des
Anneaux / to snort to inhale through the nose / to
disown to renounce, repudiate / pointy pyramid-shaped,
conical / What’s not to like? what more could you want?.
12. flaw fault, failing /
(Noel West/The New York Times)
VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018 •9
I Cinéma I FRANCE

Focus CANNES FILM FESTIVAL JURY

Prizewinners and jury members from the 70th Cannes Film Festival. (SIPA)
Cate Blanchett has been appointed to
lead the jury at Cannes Film Festival in 2018. The 1st woman
She will be surrounded by eight other jurors, British-American actress Olivia de Havilland is the first woman to have been
chosen from different nationalities and a named jury president of the Cannes Film Festival, in 1965. She was a leading
variety of backgrounds (authors, critics, movie star during the so-called Golden Age of Hollywood and featured in 49
actors, cinema historians…). Cate films. She is especially famous for her portrayal of Melanie Hamilton in Gone with
Blanchett’s jury will determine the prizes the Wind (1939). She won two Best Actress Oscars for her roles in To Each His Own
for feature films that are part of the (1946) and The Heiress (1949). She is now 101 years old.
“Official Selection”. They will give a total of
leading eminent / so-called commonly termed / to feature to star, have in a prominent role /
seven awards, including the Palme d’Or –
especially particularly / portrayal interpretation (in the role of) / Gone with the Wind Autant
(SIPA)

the most prestigious award –, as well as en emporte le vent / To Each His Own A chacun son destin / The Heiress L’Héritière.
Jury Prize, Best Actor, and Best Actress.
to appoint to select, choose, designate / to
surround to be associated with / juror here,
member of a panel to choose winners /
background experience, training, field / prize The jury in numbers
award / feature film full-length film / to be part
of here, to be on the shortlist of / award prize,
9 people make up the Jury. The 65 directors have received the
honour, distinction / as well as in addition to. choice of an odd number is to avoid Palme d’or.
the possibility of a tie. Only 1 woman has been
12 women have been a president awarded the Palme d’or: New
The president of the jury at Cannes is an
of the jury at Cannes since Olivia de Zealand director Jane Campion,
internationally recognised person involved
Havilland. in 1993, for her movie The Piano.
in cinema. According to Thierry Frémaux,
the head of Cannes Film Festival, the 1 person had the honour of being With 16 American movies
president must be trusted to lead a jury, president of the jury twice: Jeanne awarded the Palme d’or, the
conduct debates and establish a list of Moreau. United States has the highest
winners. Being appointed to this position In 1955, the Palme d’or was number of winners.
constitutes the recognition of an awarded for the first time. Its palm
exceptional career. leaf pattern is taken from the old
to be involved in to participate in, be connected coat of arms of the city of Cannes.
to / according to in the opinion of / to trust to
have confidence in / to conduct to lead / to make, made, made up to constitute / odd here, uneven / to avoid to prevent / tie equal number of votes on each side /
position post, function. leaf organ of photosynthesis of a plant / pattern design, motif / coat of arms heraldic insignia / director filmmaker / The
Piano La Leçon de piano.

10 • VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018

Société I Droits des femmes I INDE I  B2-C1

Women prepare for a day of work at the meat-

THE ECONOMIST processing factories nearby, in Peepli Khera, India.
(Andrea Bruce/The New York Times)

INDIA’S GENDER GAP

REMAINS VAST
Breaking traditional gender barriers in India (gap disparity, difference, inequality)

India is without doubt one of the most paradoxical places on the planet when it comes to women’s rights. It is one of the first and
only countries to have had a female leader, Indira Gandhi, elected in 1966. Yet, some barriers are difficult to overcome, due mainly
to the position of women in society, and even in the family unit.

P OLICE in Haldwani, a small town

where the Gangetic Plain bumps
against the Himalayas, shrugged when Kamini
Sen lodged charges against her husband last
and motorbikes, confessed that he was not a man
but a woman. 

2. Growing numbers of Indian women are, like

October. What could be more ordinary than
wife-beating and dowry extortion? The case got
hotter when the 29-year-old, who holds masters
degrees in both English and psychology, added
that her spouse had also secretly married a
younger woman. But only the final twist, re-
vealed later when police tracked and caught
Krishna “Sweety” Sen, shocked India. The two-
timing swindler, said to like cursing, smoking
1. Gangetic Plain North Indian River Plain, fertile plain of 255
million hectares covering parts of northern India, eastern
Pakistan and all of Bangladesh / to shrug to raise and lower
one’s shoulders / to lodge to submit / charges formal
accusation of criminal wrongdoing against sb / dowry money/
property given to a husband by the family of his future wife
upon marriage / hot exciting / twist unexpected development
in a story / to track to trace / two-timing unfaithful /
swindler cheat / to curse to use offensive language.
Ms Sen, breaking traditional gender barriers.
India’s defence and foreign ministers are wom-
en. A woman recently stepped down as head of
its biggest bank. There have been a female
president and prime minister, as well as female
chief ministers in various states. Women are
becoming better educated, better paid and
healthier than they were. Literacy among 21-year-
old women leapt, for example, from 60% in 1990
to 85% in 2011.  and in spite of an intensified campaign to stress
2. to step down to resign / chief minister head of one of
the 29 state governments or 2 union territories (Delhi and
Puducherry) / literacy ability to read and write / to leap,
leaped or leapt to jump, to increase considerably.
FROM EARLY CHILDHOOD
3. Yet traditional practices still hold Indian
women back. The problem is not just specific
customs, such as the payment of dowries or
living with in-laws. Deepa Narayan, a develop-
ment consultant, argues in a new book titled
Chup—meaning “be quiet” in Hindi—that wom-
en across social classes are still conditioned from
early childhood to be subservient. 
4. Indian women suffer handicaps at every stage
of life, starting with birth. Although determining
the sex of a fetus has been banned since 1994,
>>>
3. early childhood period from birth to 8 years old / to hold,
held, held back to restrict / in-laws family of one’s husband
or wife (here, husband) / to argue to claim, to affirm, to say /
subservient servile, submissive, subordinate.
4. to ban to prohibit / to stress to insist upon, to
underline the importance of /

VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018 • 11

 Société I Droits des femmes I
March on International Women's Day in New Delhi, 2018. (Manish Swarup/AP/SIPA)
>>> the value of daughters under the current prime FEMALE LITERACY
minister, Narendra Modi, parents wanting sons
have continued to find ways to abort girls. The
skewed sex ratio for newborns has not improved
since Amartya Sen, an economist, calculated 28
years ago that India had some 40m “missing
women.” In recent years it has got worse. In some
districts the sex ratio at birth has fallen below
800 girls for every 1,000 boys.  ences in educational attainment. Whereas 82%
to abort to terminate a pregnancy / skewed imbalanced
/ ratio proportion.
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
spouse
Notez que spouse veut dire "époux"
et "épouse" mais on l'utilise
uniquement comme language
formel ou dans une situation
humoristique.
Pour présenter son mari ou sa
femme à quelqu'un on dit my
husband ou my wife.
12 • VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018
INDE I  B2-C1
5. Indian officials are rightly proud of boosting
female literacy and school attendance. Gender
gaps do remain in education, though. Notably,
girls are far more likely to drop out of secondary
school than boys. Perhaps more tellingly, an
annual survey of education results for 14- to
18-year-olds, published in January, found differ-
of boys could count money and 66% could tell
time in a simple test, the corresponding propor-
tions for girls were 70% and 53%.  majority of marriages are still arranged by
6. Although impressive numbers of Indian
women now go on to higher studies, with ever
more venturing into fields that were long male
preserves such as engineering, their efforts may
not bring similar rewards. While women with
college degrees are more likely to work than
those with just high-school certificates, the
5. official person in charge, government representative /
rightly justifiably / to boost to increase, to encourage the
development of, to promote / school attendance regular
presence at school / to drop out to abandon one’s studies, to
leave / tellingly revealingly / survey poll, study / educational
attainment school achievement, academic results.
6. impressive admirably high / to venture to dare to go,
to embark upon sth risky / preserve protected domain /
engineering practical application of scientific knowledge
/ reward recompense, payment / college degree
university degree /
number of them with jobs is still under 30%. In
fact, the proportion of women in the workforce
has been steadily dropping for more than a
decade, reflecting both a steep decline in farm
jobs and a preference among newly urban
families to show that their womenfolk do not
need to work. 
THE MARRIAGE ISSUE
7. Of all the hurdles Indian women still face, sex
and marriage may be the highest. The vast
families, and some 94% of them among Hindus
are within the same caste. Women are expected,
by and large, to become part of the husband’s
family, and to bring along a sweetener. In-laws
can press their demands in unsubtle ways. Aside
from an annual average of around 8,000 “dow-
ry deaths”—wives killed because they have not
coughed up enough money—recent newspaper
workforce working population / steadily progressively /
to drop to decrease, to go down / steep sudden, marked /
farm agricultural / womenfolk women (of a community/
family).
7. hurdle obstacle / by and large on the whole, in general
/ sweetener sugar substitute, here, financial incentive / to
press demands to insist on one’s requests / unsubtle
clear, blatant, direct / to cough up to give (a sum of
money), to pay /
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2

reports tell of such persuasive methods as beat-
ing with hockey sticks, stealing a kidney and
blackmailing with sex tapes.
More broadly, violence
against women in various
forms appears to be on the Within Indian
increase, although this may
chiefly be the result of an in-
homes, women
creased tendency to report are winning
such crimes.  more respect.
CASTE SYSTEM
8. Part of the trouble lies with
the caste system. The compartmentalisation of
society into narrow layers negates what should
be a supply-and-demand empowerment of
women due to their shrinking proportion. In
essence, women’s families still compete to en-
snare the best husbands within a relatively
limited pool. The conservative Hinduism of the
northern Hindi-speaking heartland does not
help, either. In parts of the south, Hindus have
a long tradition of matriarchy.
9. By the same token, Muslim and Christian
minorities have long given women rights to
report article / hockey stick long, thin wooden object
used to hit the ball in a game of hockey / kidney renal
organ / to blackmail to use threats to extort money /
tape video recording / to report to register a complaint
officially with the police, to denounce.
8. to lie, lay, lain with to be because of / layer level, stratum /
to negate to invalidate / supply-and-demand principle of
the relationship between the availability of a product which in
turn regulates the demand and value / empowerment
emancipation / shrinking diminishing / to compete to be in
competition with one another / to ensnare to catch, to capture
/ pool group / heartland central region, here, bastion.
9. by the same token in the same way /
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Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture.
inheritance and property. But Hindu inheritance
law was only substantially reformed in 2005,
and in the patriarchal north it
is still considered proper for
sons alone to hold property
and perform religious rites.
The north also happens to be
the heartland of the ruling
Bharatiya Janata Party, which
can make it awkward for the
government to campaign too
forcefully for women’s rights.  12. Female voters have helped put issues such as
RECENT PROGRESSES
10. In important respects, however, not just
numbers but attitudes are definitely changing.
Within Indian homes, women are winning more
respect: between national health surveys in 2006
and 2016, a striking number reported stronger
participation in family decision-making. Ever
more Indian women are also voting. In the na-
tional election of 1991, 10% more men than
women voted. At the most recent election, in
2014, this gap was down to 1.5%.  men can’t get away with what they used to. l
11. Canny politicians such as Mr Modi have not
failed to notice, and increasingly tailor their
property buildings and land / substantially significantly
/ proper appropriate, here, socially accepted, the norm /
to perform to do, carry out / ruling in power / awkward
difficult / forcefully with force, strongly.
10. respect way, aspect / definitely undeniably, clearly /
striking noticeable, significant / to report to declare.
11. canny smart, intelligent, calculating / to tailor to
adapt /
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policies accordingly. His project to equip house-
holds with cooking gas to replace solid fuel not
only saves thousands of lives that would other-
wise be lost to smoke inhalation, it also directly
targets women voters. Mr Modi has also court-
ed Muslim women by attacking “triple talaq”,
an arcane tradition long since abandoned in most
Muslim-majority countries, which permits a
man to divorce simply by saying the word three
times. 
public safety, underage marriage, alcohol abuse
and sanitation at the centre of national politics.
“We might be on the cusp of a real transition,”
says Yamini Aiyar of the Centre for Policy Re-
search, a think-tank in Delhi. “From the way
people dress—rural women have dropped their
dupattas [gauzy scarves] and now wear kurtas
[long shirts] over jeans—to changing marriage
expectations, to forging a woman-centred po-
litical narrative, the pace is speeding up.” The
two-timing Ms Sen should have realised that
accordingly consequently / household home / fuel
combustible material used as a source of energy / to
target to have as an objective, to aim at / to court to try
to attract, to seduce / arcane secret, mysterious, complex.
12. underage below the legal age / sanitation hygiene
measures to protect public health / on the cusp of on the
verge of / think-tank group of experts who research and
study solutions for a specific problem / to drop to
abandon, here, to stop wearing / gauzy made of a light,
thin fabric / scarf piece of material worn around the neck/
head / expectation aspiration, hope / narrative version
of the facts / pace rate, speed, rhythm / to speed,
speeded or sped, speeded or sped up to accelerate / to
get, got, got away with to do sth without being criticized
or punished.
newsletter
spéciale
révisions
VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018 • 13
Société I Idéologie I ROYAUME-UNI I  B2-C1

Edimbourg NIVEAU BASIQUE ET AVANCÉ DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE

Nikki Slade Robinson et Jim Robinson nous expliquent comment ils
Reading recyclent et réparent tout chez eux depuis des années.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3

THE GUARDIAN KATE LYONS

THE REPAIR
CAFES AGAINST
THROWAWAY
CULTURE
For the ecologically aware, a place to take
things to be fixed rather than thrown away

Volunteer repairman Ted Haubrich fixes a mixer at the Lincoln

Repair Cafe, in Nebraska, United States. (Calla Kessler/AP/SIPA)

Each year we produce between 3.4 and 4 billion tons of rubbish worldwide. With the ing a world of stuff, of white goods littering dumps
advent of web marketing and the strategies of obsolescence built into most
in west Africa and trash swilling through the
products, we have been witnessing a significant global rise in the consummation of
oceans in huge gyres. The hair clippers belong to
industrial goods in the last few years. In the United Kingdom, citizens opposed to this
William, who does not want to give his surname
kind of consumerism have decided to take matters into their own hands, literally…

A
vacuum cleaner, a hair straightener, a
laptop, Christmas lights, an e-reader, a
blender, a kettle, two bags, a pair of jeans, a remote-
control helicopter, a spoon, a dining-room chair,
a lamp and hair clippers. All broken. It sounds like
a pile of things that you’d stick in boxes and take
to the tip. In fact, it’s a list of things mended in a
1. vacuum cleaner hoover / hair straightener electrical
appliance to smooth hair / laptop portable computer /
blender food mixer / kettle container used for boiling water
/ remote-control device for operating TV and music
equipment from a distance / hair clippers electronic device
for cutting hair / to sound like to seem like, resemble / to
stick, stuck, stuck to put / to take, took, taken here, to
transport / tip dump / to mend to repair /
single afternoon by British volunteers determined
to get people to stop throwing stuff away.
COMBATTING THE “THROWAWAY
CULTURE”
2. This is the Reading Repair Cafe, part of a bur-
geoning international network aimed at confront-
single one / volunteer benevolent worker / to get, got,
got sb to to encourage sb to / to throw, threw, thrown
stuff away here, to waste.
2. network system of linked things/people / to be aimed
at to have as an objective / to confront here, to fight
against /
but cheerfully describes himself as “mechanically
incompetent”. He has owned them for 25 years, but
10 years ago they stopped working and they have
been sitting unused in his cupboard ever since. 
3. He sits down at the table of Colin Haycock, an
IT professional who volunteers at the repair cafe,
world of stuff consumer society / white goods electrical
appliance such as washing machine, dishwasher, etc / to
litter to scatter about, here, to fill with / dump place to
put rubbish / trash rubbish / to swill (through) here, to
move in circles / huge massive / gyre spiral, vortex / to
belong to to be the property of / surname family name /
cheerfully happily, here, readily, unashamedly / to own to
possess / to work here, to function / to sit, sat, sat to
remain / cupboard enclosed place for storing food,
clothes etc / ever since since then.
3. IT = information technology /

14 • VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2

which has been running monthly for about four
years and is a place where people can bring all
manner of household items to be fixed for free. In
less than five minutes, Haycock has unscrewed
and removed the blades, cleaned out some gunk
from inside the machine, oiled the blades, and
screwed it all back together. The clippers purr hap-
pily.William looks sheepish; Haycock looks pleased.
“I wish they were all that simple,” he says.  7. Repair cafe volunteer Stuart Ward says that when
4. Today, the repairers will divert 24kg of waste
from going to landfill and save 284kg of CO2. Some
items can’t be fixed on the spot – notably a hunting
horn split in two, which requires soldering with a
blow torch – but very little needs to be thrown
away.  take them to independent repairers.  New Zealand, Canada, South Korea, Austria, Ire-
A HUGE WASTE
5. Gabrielle Stanley, who used to run a clothing
alterations business, says she was drawn to volun-
teering at the repair cafe to combat the “throwaway
culture” she sees. “You go into certain stores...” - she
throws a dark look - “how they can sell clothes for
that price, when I couldn’t even buy the fabric for
that much? And then you hear about things that
happen [in the factories] in the far east.”  repair appointments for a small fee, as do their
6. An estimated 300,000 tonnes of clothing was
sent to landfill in the UK in 2016 and a report from
Wrap puts the average lifespan for a piece of cloth-
ing in the UK at 3.3 years. Globally, the amount of
e-waste generated is expected to hit 50m tonnes
by the end of 2018. This is partly driven by consum-
ers’ eagerness for new products, but there are also
concerns about built-in obsolescence, in which
to run, ran, run here, to operate / about around / place
location / all manner of household items all sorts of
appliances / to unscrew to take out a screw / to remove to
take off / blade thin sheet of metal with sharp edge used in
razors / to clean out here, to clear out, get rid of / gunk dirt,
dust / to screw sth all back together to reassemble, and
put screws back in / to purr to make the sound of a cat, here
to function well / happily well, perfectly / to look to seem /
sheepish slightly embarrassed.
4. to divert to avoid / waste refuse / landfill large hole in
the ground where waste is deposited / to save to economise
/ on the spot then and there, immediately / notably
particularly / hunting horn straight horn blown to give
signals during hunting / to split, split, split to divide / to
solder to join or fuse using melted metal / blowtorch
burner that mixes air and gas to produce a very hot flame.
5. used to to regularly do sth in the past / to run, ran, run
to manage / alteration here, to change or repair / business
company / to draw, drew, drawn here, to attract / even at
the very least / fabric material, cloth / to happen to take
place, occur / factory place where goods are manufactured/
produced / (the) Far East ref to east and southeast Asia.
6. report analysis, study / to put, put, put here, to
estimate / average here approximate period of time /
lifespan here, length of time sth will be used / piece of
clothing item of apparel / globally worldwide / amount
quantity / to expect to anticipate / to hit, hit, hit to reach /
to be driven by to be due to / eagerness desire to do sth /
concern preoccupation / built-in integrated /
manufacturers design products to break down
after a certain amount of time and are often dif-
ficult or expensive to fix. In December, Apple ad-
mitted to slowing older models of phones, though
it claimed it did this for operational not obsoles-
cence reasons.  ated through sales of furniture and electronics,
A POLITICAL ACT
fixing items is actively discouraged by manufactur-
ers, repair becomes a political act. He is vehement
about the “right to repair”, a movement opposed to
the practices of companies like the machinery
company John Deere, which, under copyright laws,
doesn’t allow people to fix their own equipment or
8. Teaching people how to fix their own gear is at
the heart of the Edinburgh Remakery, a store on
the main street of Leith that is part repair shop,
part secondhand store, part repair education centre.
“We do the repair in front of a customer, not out
in the back, not hidden,” says Sotiris Katsimbas,
the lead IT technician at the Remakery. To do this,
Katsimbas and his team conduct one-to-one IT
colleagues who specialise in sewing and furniture
repairs. 
9. “It’s a matter of confidence. It’s not magic. Some-
one put it together, someone can take it apart, you
only need a Phillips screwdriver and some knowl-
edge,” says Katsimbas as he shows Daniel Turner
how to open up his laptop so he can clean out the
fluff and dust that is causing the machine to over-
heat.  information.
A NEW BUSINESS MODEL?
10. Since it opened in 2012, the Remakery has di-
verted 205 tonnes of waste that would have ended
manufacturer company that makes products, maker / to
design to devise, conceive, intend / to break, broke,
broken down to have a problem, not to be working / to
admit to concede, recognise / though although / to
claim to assert, maintain.
7. law legislation / to allow to permit, authorize / own
belonging to sb individually / to take, took, taken sth to
here, to have sth repaired by.
8. gear equipment, stuff / secondhand used, having a
previous owner / customer client / out at the back at the
rear (where the customer cannot see) / lead chief / to
conduct to organise / one-to-one face to face, individual /
appointment meeting / fee charge, cost / sewing stitching,
joining two parts together with thread / furniture (inv.)
movable objects in a house, chairs, tables etc..
9. matter question / confidence assurance, belief / to
put, put, put sth together to assemble sth / to take,
took, taken sth apart to undo sth, disassemble sth /
screwdriver tool / fluff here, lightweight dirt / dust fine
particles of dirt / to cause to result in, lead to / to
overheat to become too hot.
10. business model economic model /
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr
up in landfill. But the Remakery is unique in that,
unlike much of the repair movement, which is
volunteer-led, it is a viable business, employing 11
staff and 10 freelancers. Last year the shop had an
income of £236,000 – 30% from grants, 70% gener-
workshops and repair appointments. 
11. The financial viability of the shop makes it at-
tractive as a model. In the last year, Sophie Unwin,
the co-founder of the Remakery in Brixton and the
founder of Edinburgh Remakery is setting up the
Remakery network to replicate the work interna-
tionally. She has had 53 inquiries from groups in-
terested in setting up similar enterprises in the US,
land, Germany, Australia and elsewhere in the UK. 
12. The network will provide toolkits and advice to
groups who want to recreate what she has done in
Edinburgh. Unwin hopes that these resources will
allow other groups to do in two years what it has
taken eight years of trial and error and extremely
hard graft to achieve. For repairers, fixing things
is a way of doing something about an obsession
with consumerism that Unwin calls “a kind of
sickness in society”. l
to end up to finish up / unlike contrary to / to lead, led,
led to run, direct, control / freelancer independent worker
/ income revenue / grant financial aid / through thanks
to, because of / workshop room where manual work is
done.
11. to make, made, made to render, result in /
co-founder joint founder / to set, set, set up to put in
place / to replicate to reproduce / inquiry request for
12. to provide to furnish, here offer / toolkit set of tools /
advice (inv.) suggestion as to what one should do / trial
and error experiment and learn from mistakes / hard
graft hard work / to achieve to accomplish / kind sort,
type / sickness illness, here disorder.
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Un peu de DIY ou Do-It-
Yourself (bricolage) !
to repair, to fix to mend réparer
workshop atelier
toolkit boîte à outils
a screwdriver un tournevis
to screw, to unscrew visser, dévisser
to solder souder
a blow torch, blow lamp lampe à
souder
to take apart démonter
to put together rassembler
VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018 • 15
 À 360°
Le tour du monde en V.O.
(IStock)
Culture clash
French waiter, Guillaume Rey, who worked at a Vancouver restaurant between Octo-
ber 2016 and August 2017, has filed a complaint with British Colombia’s Human Rights
Tribunal against his former employer after being dismissed for his “aggressive, rude
and disrespectful” behaviour. Guillaume Rey claimed he was discriminated against
because of his culture. He said his former colleagues didn’t understand his “direct,
honest and professional personality,” which he acquired when working in the hospi-
tality industry in France. His former employer tried to have the complaint dismissed,
but a tribunal member rejected the plea, so the case will go ahead.
waiter person who serves food in a restaurant / to file a complaint to make an official complaint / former ex, previous /
to dismiss here, to fire, remove from a job, also, to reject / rude impolite / behaviour conduct, attitude / to claim to
assert, maintain / hospitality service industry such as hotel and restaurant / plea appeal, request / case affair, here trial
/ to go, went, gone ahead to continue.
New political party
Greek ex-Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis
has launched a new political party in Greece:
MeRA25. His goal is to organize a pan-
European movement by 2025 that will
overturn the European establishment and
release Greece from “debt bondage”. Many
Greeks blame Varoufakis for what they
consider a poor handling of the negotiations
with the EU in 2015, which led to a third bailout
loan, with more austerity terms for Greece.
to launch to start, create / pan-European at European
level / by before, no later than / to overturn to reverse,
here, to take over / establishment the system, ruling
class / to release here, to liberate, set free / debt money
owed / bondage slavery, servitude / to blame sb for
sth to hold sb responsible for sth / poor here, bad /
handling management, dealing / to lead, led, led to to
cause, result in / bailout financial rescue / loan here
amount of money lent / terms conditions.
(SIPA)
16 • VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr
(SIPA)
Emotional return
Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafza,
who was shot by Pakistani Taliban militants
in 2012 for championing girls’ education and
who has since lived in Britain, has made a
surprise four-day trip to her home country in
April. It was the first time the young activist
has returned to Pakistan since the shooting.
She was received by members of the
Pakistani government and made a powerful
televised speech, in which she said she
would continue to fight for girls’ access to
education.
return act of going back / to shoot, shot, shot to
fire a gun at / to champion to defend, support, fight
for / home here, native / activist militant.
(SIPA)
Bikes ban
Prague will soon ban cyclists from some
parts of the city’s historic centre. The ban, to
be implemented in the next few weeks, was
established by Prague 1 municipality in order
to protect tourists. Cyclists will be banned
from famous pedestrianised zones such as
the Old Town Square and parts of
Wenceslas Square, between 10am and 5pm.
“In a pedestrian zone, priority should be
given to pedestrians, not cyclists,”
legislators said. Pro-bike groups and some
of the city’s other administrative districts
have denounced this step.
ban prohibition / to implement to put into action /
in order to to / pedestrianised reserved for
pedestrians only, prohibited to cars / such as like (for
example) / square large open public area / step here,
decision, measure.
 www.vocable.fr

PRATIC’ABLE
Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler comme un Anglais…

AUGUSTIN HABRAN

Le 1er mai
Si offrir un brin de muguet le jour du 1er mai reste une tradition
bien française, la lutte pour les conditions de travail s’inscrit,
quant à elle, dans un mouvement international. Voici quelques
mots et expressions qui complèteront votre vocabulaire.

Vocabulaire clé
anarchist anarchiste megaphone, loud hailer
anger, wrath colère porte-voix, mégaphone
armband brassard mob foule
bank holiday (GB), holiday negotiation négociation

(ISTOCK)
(US) jour férié, jour chômé protest protestation
banner banderole reform réforme
boss patron representative
capitalism capitalisme représentant Retrouvez cette fiche de vocabulaire lue sur le CD
CEO PDG rest repos lecture et son commentaire sur la partie basique
du CD conversation.
closed fermé riot émeute
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3
communism communisme riot police CRS
day-off jour de repos sprig brin
demand, claim
revendication
strike grève
struggle lutte
Expressions à retenir
demonstration trade union syndicat The employees have been on strike for days. Les employés
manifestation trade-unionist sont en grève depuis plusieurs jours.
employee employé(e) syndicaliste The negotiations might lead to an agreement. Les
employment law droit du unemployment chômage négociations pourraient mener à un accord.
travail violence violence The demonstration gathered thousands of people. La
leader dirigeant wage, salary, pay salaire
manifestation a rassemblé des milliers de personnes.
lilly of the valley muguet whistle sifflet
The reform has made many trade-unionists angry. La
lucky charm porte-
réforme a causé la colère de nombreux syndicalistes.
worker ouvrier, travailleur
bonheur Violence erupted during the march. Des violences sont
working conditions survenues lors du défilé.
march marche, défilé (n), conditions de travail
défiler (v)

Bon à savoir
Egalement connu sous le nom de International Workers’ Day
ou Labour Day, la date du premier mai a été choisie pour
commémorer l’action lancée le 1er mai 1884 par les syndicalistes
américains pour obtenir la limitation de la journée de travail à
huit heures. La grève qui s’ensuivit fut d’ampleur nationale.
Cependant, le 1er mai n’est pas un jour férié aux États-Unis. Au
Royaume-Uni, c’est le premier lundi de mai qui est férié.
La manifestation syndicale n’est pas aussi présente dans la
culture anglo-saxonne que dans la culture française. Les
grandes manifestations de ce type aux États-Unis et au
Royaume-Uni sont plutôt rares.
Testez-vous
Trouvez l’intrus dans chacune des listes
suivantes :
1) a- demonstration b- rest c- riot d- march
2) a- agreement b- struggle c- claim d- demand
3) a- violence b- fight c- charge d- peaceful gathering
4) a- tear gas b- banner c- baton d- stun gun
5) a- luck b- union c- employement law d- conditions
SOLUTIONS : 1-b ; 2-a ; 3-d ; 4-b ; 5-a.

VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018 • 17

PRATIC’ABLE  / Grammaire

JOAN GREENWOOD

Les comparatifs
Piqûre de rappel
 Adjectifs
1 Formulez des comparaisons en complétant
d’une syllabe  ajoutez “er” les phrases à l’aide des mots entre
qui se terminent en “y”  remplacer “y” par “i” et ajouter “er”
parenthèses.
de 2 syllabes ou plus  utilisez “more” 1. T
 he Opening of Parliament is one of ........... .....................
 Comparatifs irréguliers : ceremonies in Britain. (old)
bad/worse/the worst 2. I am not paid ........... ..................... ........... you. (much)
much/more/the most
3. This is ........... ................... ......................... place I’ve ever seen.
far/farther ou further/the farthest ou the furthest, (beautiful)
good/better/the best
4. M
 y sister is ........... ..................... cook in the world. (not good)
 Pour faire des comparaisons, utilisez :
“than”, “as...as”, “not as ...as” 5. If you work ..................... you’ll finish ..................... . (hard / fast)
 Utilisez “more” devant les adverbes 6. T
 his one is ........... ................... ......................... of the three.
(expensive)
7. How much ......................... do we have to go? (far)
2 Trouvez des comparaisons en replaçant au sein 8. Abbey Road claims to be .................... ..................... .................
any other recording studio in the world. (known)
de chaque groupe les mots dans le bon ordre.
9. T
 he ........... .............. ..................... classical composer of his day,
2 Sir Edward Elgar, recorded there. (famous)
1 London 10. I t has been used to record music for some of the screen’s
famous than ............. ..................... films. (successful)
other 5
a 9. the most famous 10. most successful

no one each
5. harder / faster 6. the most expensive 7. further ou farther 8. better known than
SOLUTIONS : 1. the oldest 2. as much as 3. the most beautiful 4. the worst

is it people
murderer is more
as world’s take
Jack the Ripper of million
as the tours

explore year
3
best
Ripper 4
foot than
with
to has
is
cities more
more
on grisly
tour
its
the
London
women
share
popular crimes
of

more than its share of grisly crimes. 5. It is one of the world’s best cities to explore on foot.
take London tours each year. 3. The Ripper tour is more popular with women. 4. London has
SOLUTIONS : 1. No other murderer is as famous as Jack the Ripper. 2. More than a million people
Retrouvez Yves Cotten sur et-compagnie.blogspot.fr

18 • VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018

 / Prononciation & Orthographe Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

Soignez votre orthographe !

Le saviez-vous ?
1 Trouvez les erreurs. L’expression
Quels sont les quatre mots qui se terminent en “-efy” et non en “-ify” ?
“knocked for six”
crucify pacify exemplify liquify glorify (voir l’expression idiomatique
page 7) est une expression
putrify petrify rarify
empruntée à l’un des sports
stupify solidify modify rectify préférés des Anglais – le
SOLUTIONS : liquefy, putrefy, rarefy, stupefy
cricket !

Ce sport nous donne

également :
2 Tendez l’oreille
a sticky wicket une situation
Dans cet exercice, chaque mot contient le son “aw” comme dans “saw”.
1
difficile

  (wicket = les guichets et le

  terrain entre les deux
2         5 guichets)
3            
(sticky = difficile)
    7 11
4         6         to be stumped sécher, ne
      pas avoir de réponse
     
(the stump = le piquet)
8            
1. W
 atch the weather ……………………….
to see if it’s going to rain   (to stump = éliminer le joueur
2. He’s very rich. 9         12 en faisant tomber le piquet)
He’s not ……………….
3. Remember     it’s not cricket cela ne se fait
4. M ake a sketch with a pencil     pas, ce n’est pas correct
5. To enforce …………… and order 10            
6. T he opposite of peace ... le summum de l’étiquette
 
7. Oil is one of the world’s natural …………………… britannique !!
8. Not interesting
9. L ock the ................ before you leave
10. t o spread out
11. I always have …………………..flakes for breakfast
12. H  it the ……………. over the net
sur www.vocable.fr
Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
12. ball
SOLUTIONS :1. forecast, 2. poor, 3. recall, 4. draw, 5. law, 6. war, 7. resources, 8. boring, 9. door, 10. sprawl, 11. corn, générale sur notre site internet !

VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018 • 19

PRATIC’ABLE  / Vocabulaire www.vocable.fr

Jeux de mots
A retenir
1 U
 tilisez les mots ou terminaisons de l’encadré jaune pour 5 mots à mémoriser
compléter chaque mot.
dans ce numéro
itiveness vacuum cleaner aspirateur
killer remote-control
itively télécommande
ful laptop PC portable
pain…………... compet…………... itor hair clippers tondeuse
pain…………... compet…………... ness kettle bouilloire
pain…………... compet…………... felt
pain…………... compet…………... itive
L'expression idiomatique
less
kind…………… heart…………… heartedness “Virginal Therese is
kind…………… heart…………… less
knocked for six and falls
kind…………… heart…………… staking
in love”
kind…………… heart…………… hearted
(page 7 § 3)
ly
to be knocked for six recevoir
ily
un choc brutal
breaking
D’autres expressions
comportant des chiffres :
painstaking competitively kindheartedness heartbreaking
painkiller competitiveness kindly heartfelt

to be all sixes and sevens être

painless competitive kindness heartily
painful competitor kind-hearted heartless
SOLUTIONS :
dans tous ses états
six of one and half a dozen of
2 Complétez ce texte avec le vocabulaire proposé. the other blanc bonnet et
bonnet blanc
subservient in-laws childhood be quiet
to be on cloud nine être au
conditioned classes dowries septième ciel
hold back argues customs to dress up to the nines se
mettre sur son trente et un
Traditional practices still ................... Indian women ................... . The problem is
he talks nineteen to the
not just specific …………....………, such as the payment of ……....………….or living
dozen c’est un vrai moulin à
with ……………....….. . Deepa Narayan, a development consultant, ................... in paroles
a new book titled Chup—meaning “.... ............... ” in Hindi—that women across two wrongs don’t make a
social ...................are still ................... from early ................... to be ................... . right on ne répare pas une
injustice par une autre
subservient
SOLUTIONS : hold ... back, customs, dowries, in-laws, argues, be quiet, classes, conditioned, childhood,

Ne manquez pas dans le prochain numéro la nouvelle page PRATIC’ABLE : Les sucreries

20 • VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018

Enjeux I Politique I NOUVELLE-ZÉLANDE I  B2-C1
NIVEAU BASIQUE ET AVANCÉ DU SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
SUPPLÉMENT SONORE Pourquoi Jacinda Ardern a-t-elle
Les Néo-Zélandais Nikki Slade Robinson et Jim interdit aux spéculateurs étrangers
Robinson nous parlent de l'amour et des espoirs d'acheter une maison en Nouvelle-
qu'ils ont pour leur pays. Zélande? Découvrez le reportage sur
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement) www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais

LOS ANGELES TIMES JESSICA MEYERS

‘JACINDAMANIA’ IN NEW
ZEALAND
Enthusiasm in New Zealand for new Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern
Jacinda Ardern has been making headlines since she first took over the Labour Party, and then since becoming Prime Minister of
New Zealand on 26 October. She is not only the youngest leader of the country since 1856, she is also the first leader in New
Zealand to have a baby while in office. This article focuses on the unprecedented enthusiasm surrounding this political figure.

W ELLINGTON, New Zealand

— New Zealanders call their
seat of power the Beehive, a sparkle of Kiwi
humor for a spiralling concrete building that
looks exactly as it sounds. On the ninth floor,
the country’s leader greets visitors in an
unassuming office with posters of women
in wartime and a view of the Wellington
harbor. “I’m Jacinda,” she says, extending her
hand. 

A MOVIE-WORTHY RISE
2. The calm belies a movie-worthy first 100
days for Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern,
who in October, at 37, became the world’s
youngest female leader. Ardern took control
after jumping into the race seven weeks
before the vote. She formed a coalition gov-
ernment of rivals, akin to Bernie Sanders
sharing power with Ted Cruz. Then, in
January, Ardern announced her pregnancy Jacinda Ardern takes a selfie with school children during a visit to Christchurch, a couple of months before
the general election. (Mark Baker/AP/SIPA)
— which means this year she’ll become the
only elected world leader besides the late Pakistan Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto to Ardern offers a vision of hope for liberal democ-
give birth in office.  racy in a region where those values face a re-
surgent threat and America’s role is shrinking. 
1. seat of power Parliament buildings / beehive natural 3. She rose to power on a platform of positivity
habitation for bees, busy place full of people / sparkle
here, touch, soupçon / Kiwi nickname for an inhabitant of
and optimism, more in line with Canadian PRECARIOUS TIMES
New Zealand / spiralling going up in the form of a spiral / Prime Minister Justin Trudeau than President 4. Ardern begins her tenure at a precarious
concrete cement / to greet to welcome / unassuming Donald Trump. It’s not just her age or preg- time for the Asia-Pacific region, and the world.
modest, simple / wartime during a war / harbor (US) = nancy that has sparked the rush of adulation China — New Zealand’s largest trading part-
harbour (GB) port / to extend here, to offer, to reach out. >>>
known as “Jacindamania.” It’s her message.
2. movie-worthy which could be a film scenario / rise
progressive elevation in importance and status / to belie to
give a false impression of sth, to conceal / to jump into to to face to be confronted by / resurgent renascent /
leap, here, to suddenly become involved in / race competition, in office in power. threat menace / to shrink, shrank, shrunk to diminish.
here, election / akin similar to / pregnancy state of being 3. platform here, political programme / in line with in 4. tenure period of time in an official position / trading
pregnant (having a baby developing inside your body) / accordance with, in alignment with / to spark to set off, to partner nation with which one country buys/sells goods /
besides except, apart from / late deceased, dead / provoke, to create / rush here, sudden feeling of euphoria / term here, period of time in power /

VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018 • 21

 Enjeux I Politique I NOUVELLE-ZÉLANDE
>>> ner — just announced it would abolish term
limits, setting up President Xi Jinping to stay
in power indefinitely and wield greater con-
trol. Strongman leaders in the Philippines and
Cambodia threaten to unravel fledgling de-
mocracies. Trump has pulled the U.S. out of a
global climate change agreement and the
massive trade deal known as the Trans-Pacif-
ic Partnership.  she was pregnant six days before learning she
5. When Trump met Ardern at a summit in
Vietnam in November, he noted that her surprise
win caused “a lot of upset in her country.” She
chuckled and replied: “No one marched when I
was elected.” Ardern has helped
craft a new version of the trade
deal. She trumpets the need to
combat climate change and is
Her new role
reinforcing the country’s com- has drawn
mitment to reduce nuclear weap- global
ons internationally. “We feel
quite proud that she is leading us, attention to
in comparison to the rest of the this former
world,” said Ruby Topzand, 22, a
communications student at Mas-
British
sey University’s Wellington cam- colony.
pus. “She’s the rebellion.”  baby’s conception.
A SURPRISE VICTORY
6. Ardern wasn’t even supposed to be in the
election — at least not this one. Last March,
she took over as deputy leader of the Labor
Party. By July, its head, Andrew Little, an-
nounced his resignation amid record-low poll
ratings. That left Ardern to dive in mid-race
and duke out a victory for Labor against the
conservative, longtime incumbent National
Party. Ardern’s slogan sprang from one of her
social media sign-offs: “Let’s do this.”  in the workplace,” she said. People started
to set, set, set up here, to open up the possibility / to
wield to have, to exert / strongman here, political leader
who controls by force / to unravel to undo, to cause to fail,
to compromise / fledgling new, young / Trans-Pacific
Partnership (TTP) trade deal with countries around the
Pacific.
5. to note to state, to remark / upset agitation, disquiet,
surprise / to chuckle to laugh quietly / to march to
demonstrate, to protest / to craft to create, to write / to
trumpet to proclaim loudly and proudly / commitment
pledge, promise.
6. to take, took, taken over to assume responsibility /
deputy leader vice- (leader) / Labor (US) = Labour
(GB) Party socialist party / resignation notice to leave a
job or position / amid here, in a context of / poll ratings
popularity score / to dive to plunge into the water head
first, here, to suddenly start doing sth / in mid-race in the
middle of the campaign / to duke out (US) to knock out,
to win a fight / longtime for many years / incumbent
here, in power / to spring, sprang, sprung from to come
from / sign-off signature, final sentence at the end of a
message.
22 • VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018
I  B2-C1
7. Neither side won enough seats for a major-
ity government, so the decision about the
country’s future came down to the grouchy,
anti-immigration leader of the New Zealand
First party, Winston Peters. (He became dep-
uty prime minister and foreign minister as
part of the deal.) Ardern, whose partner is
fishing show host Clarke Gayford, discovered
would become New Zealand’s third female
prime minister.  s’y passe :
8. “I certainly didn’t set out to necessarily do
any of these things in this order,” said Ardern,
flashing one of her wide, trade-
mark smiles. “But I’m deter-
mined that people see that the
trade-offs that women have
been asked to make in the past
don’t have to be.” Her new role
has drawn global attention to
this former British colony: a
congratulatory letter from
Hillary Clinton, a Vogue photo
shoot, an Australian interview-
er who wanted to discuss her
CAPTURING THE IMAGINATION
OF WOMEN
9. Ardern is a Scotch lover, used to have a nose
piercing and occasionally DJs. She won fans
worldwide when, during the campaign, a radio
show host asked whether she planned on hav-
ing children. Ardern said she could respond,
but pointed a finger at him. “For other women,
it is totally unacceptable in 2017 to say that
women should have to answer that question
crafting tote bags and internet memes. Jacin-
damania had begun. “She’s captured the im-
agination of a lot of women out there who
might have political ambitions,” said Jennifer
7. seat parliamentary position / to come, came, come
down to to depend on / grouchy irritable, grumpy /
partner here, husband / show TV programme / host
presenter.
8. to set, set, set out to to intend to / to flash to display,
to exhibit, here, to suddenly smile / trademark
characteristic / trade-off compromise / to draw, drew,
drawn to attract / congratulatory expressing
congratulations / photo shoot photo session.
9. scotch whisky made in Scotland / to DJ to work as a DJ
(disc jockey) / to point a finger at sb to hold up one’s
finger and reprimand sb / to craft to create / tote bag
bag made of material / meme short phrase or image that
are viral on the internet /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
"New Zealanders call
their seat of power the
Beehive" (§ 1) la ruche.
On peut supposer que le nom a été
choisi, non seulement à cause de la
structure architecturale, mais
également en raison de l'activité qui
to be as busy as a bee débordant
d'activité
ou bien encore :
she's the queen bee c'est elle qui
commande
it's the bee's knees c'est extra, c'est
super
D’autres expressions un peu plus
imagées :
to have a bee in one's bonnet avoir
une idée fixe
like bees round a honeypot comme
des mouches sur un pot de confiture
he thinks he's the bee's knees il se
croit sorti de la cuisse de Jupiter
Curtin, a University of Auckland professor
who researches women in politics. 
PROBLEMS TO SOLVE
10. New Zealand, with a population under 5
million and incredible natural beauty, is often
cast as paradise at the bottom of the world.
But Ardern faces a less serene reality. Housing
prices rank among the highest in the world.
Homelessness is the worst among developed
countries. Signs on farmhouses warn against
child abuse. Ardern named inequality and
child poverty as priorities for her administra-
tion. As one of her first deal-making moves,
Ardern outlined a plan to ban foreign home
buyers. She said it followed through on a
promise to lower soaring property prices and
equalize opportunity. l
to research to study.
10. to be cast as to be presented as / to face to be
confronted by / housing property, house / to rank to be
classed / homelessness number of people who have
nowhere to live / sign board with writing on it, notice /
farmhouse place where a farmer lives / to warn against
sth to inform in advance of a potential danger / child
abuse maltreatment (physically, sexually, emotionally) of a
child / administration government / deal-making
negotiating / move initiative, action / to outline to present
the principal elements of sth, to describe / to follow
through on to be a continuation of / soaring increasing
very fast / property real estate, housing / to equalize to
give everyone the same rights and opportunities.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
Enjeux I Economie I
THE ECONOMIST
WHAT'S NEXT
FOR CANADA'S
ECONOMY
Canada favours a policy
of slow growth for its
economy
Canada’s most important trade partner, the United States, is currently renegotiating the free trade agreement and levying
prohibitive tariffs on steel and aluminium. The Canadian economy is struggling to manage in an unpredictable economic
environment. We take a look at the government’s strategy to keep the country's economy growing.
E VERYBODY thinks this is a 50-pound
sack of seeds,” says Steven Fabijan-
ski as he hefts a large white bag onto a table.
“Actually, it’s 8,000 litres of jet fuel.” That is
what Agrisoma Biosciences, the company Mr
Fabijanski runs in Quebec, plans to make
from the bagful of carinata, or Ethiopian
mustard seed.  which the trade in vehicles takes place. Busi-
2. Biofuel looks like an industry of the future
in a country that depends on those of the
past. Oil and vehicles, Canada’s two biggest
exports, are both declining, and may con-
tinue to do so. Oil from Alberta’s tar sands is
expensive to produce. The United States, by
far its biggest foreign customer, is fracking
more and importing less. Car manufacturing
has never fully recovered from a recession
in the United States in 2008.  est rates rise.  tous ceux qui circulent en métro à
1. pound = 453.6 grams / to heft to lift (sth heavy) /
actually in fact, in reality / jet fuel kerosene-type fuel
used for aviation / to run, ran, run to control, manage,
direct / to plan to to intend to / bagful sack (full).
2. to look like to resemble, give the impression of / oil
petroleum / export exportation, product to be sold to
other countries / both each one, the two (of them) / so in
the same way / tar sands oil sands, a combination of clay,
sand, water, and bitumen / by far by a long way, to a great
extent / foreign from another country, international /
customer client, here buyer / fracking hydraulic
fracturing / manufacturing production, construction / to
recover from to return to normal.
CANADA I  B2-C1
The Canadian government will
financially help firms working
on food protein.
(Patrick Aventurier/SIPA)
THE TRUMP THREAT
3. With Donald Trump in the White House,
Canadians worry that things will get worse.
No one knows what will come out of the
A METHODICAL APPROACH
4. These gloomy expectations were in the air
when Bill Morneau, the finance minister,
presented the government’s budget in parlia- >>>
renegotiation demanded by Mr Trump of the
North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAF-
4. gloomy pessimistic / expectation prediction,
TA) with the United States and Mexico, under prevision /
nessmen also worry about the new American
tax law, which slashes the tax on corporate
profits from 35% to 21%, below the average
Canadian rate of 26.7%. Jack Mintz, an econ- SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
omist, has called it a “tax tsunami” for Can-
ada. This comes on top of other discourage- "Mind the gap !"
ments to growth. The workforce is shrinking (attention à la marche
as ageing baby-boomers retire. Economists en descendant du
worry that consumers, who have built up train).
record levels of debt, will spend less as inter- Cette expression est bien connue de
Londres, le gap étant l'espace entre
le train et le quai.
3. threat menace / to get, got, got worse to become Mais on parle également de :
more difficult / to come, came, come out of to result
from / to demand to ask for, insist on / NAFTA North pay gap (§ 5) les inégalités de salaires
American Free Trade Agreement / under which... takes gender gap (voir l'article India's
place which governs... / tax law fiscal law / to slash to gender gap) les inégalités entre
cut, to reduce significantly / corporate business, hommes et femmes
commercial / profit revenue, financial gain / below under, generation gap le conflit des
less than / average here mean, median level / rate here, générations
percentage / to come, came, come to happen, occur / on
ou bien
top of in addition to / discouragement here, impediment
/ growth economic development / workforce working
a gap between teeth un écart entre
population / to shrink, shrank, shrunk to reduce / to les dents
retire to stop working (because of old age) / consumer a gap in the clouds une trouée dans
user, customer, here, the general public / to build, built, les nuages
built up to accumulate / debt money owed / to spend, a gap in one's timetable un trou
spent, spent to pay out, to use (money) / to rise, rose, dans son emploi du temps
risen to go up, increase.
VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018 • 23
 Enjeux Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture.

>>> ment on February 27th. Business-people were TRADING WITH MORE COUN-
hoping he would give the economy a quick TRIES
boost, perhaps by reducing taxes to match 6. More appealing to the Liberal government
Mr Trump’s corporate cut or with a dose of is the idea of trading more with countries NAFTA
deregulation. Mr Morneau disappointed besides the United States. The value of for-
them. The budget con- eign trade is equivalent NAFTA is a trade agreement that was
tinues the govern- to 64% of Canada’s GDP. signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United
ment’s methodical ap- Tomorrow’s winners The United States buys States in 1994. The goal was to eliminate
barriers to trade and investment between
proach to fixing the will come from adding three-quarters of its
the three countries. With NAFTA, tariffs on
economy’s problems. exports. Apart from
Mr Morneau and the
technology to threatening NAFTA,
most of the goods traded between these
prime minister, Justin yesterday’s successes. the Trump administra-
countries were progressively eliminated.
Thanks to NAFTA, Canada has seen strong
Tr udeau, prefer to tion has slapped tariffs gains in cross-border investment: since
plant patiently rather on Canadian softwood 1993, US and Mexican investments in
than to drill aggressively. That was evident and newsprint, and may impose them on Canada have tripled.
in the “equality and growth” budget’s big steel and aluminium. Canada needs friend- trade agreement commercial accord / tariff tax
idea: putting more women to work. Just over lier partners.  on imports / goods products, articles,
61% of working-age women have a job or are merchandise / thanks to due to, because of / to
see, saw, seen to enjoy, experience / cross-
looking for one, compared with around 70% 7. It is making progress. An economic and border going both ways at each border.
of men. If female participation in the labour trade deal with the European Union, negoti-
force rose to that of men, an unlikely sce- ated by the previous government, took effect
nario, the economy would be 4% larger, ac- last September. Canada signed a deal with
cording to the bank RBC.  ten Pacific countries, including Japan and
Vietnam, on March 8th. But its quest for Industry Development Centre, a non-profit
A WOMAN’S PLACE IS IN THE further agreements has faltered. Mr Trudeau lab in Saskatoon, is working with growers
OFFICE failed to launch trade talks with China on a of pulses, wheat and soya beans to produce
5. Mr Morneau quoted that prediction to visit there in December. His recent trip to meat substitutes. James Cameron, a Holly-
justify a range of female-friendly policies. India, with which Canada has been conduct- wood director, has invested in a plant in
He will raise the child benefit, which parents ing fruitless talks since 2010, was a disap- Vanscoy, Saskatchewan, to make new foods
can spend on day care, and improve incen- pointment. Mr Morneau did not mention from peas. 
tives for new fathers to take time off work. India when he listed “new markets” Canada
There will be extra money for female entre- hopes to enter.  9. In January, BlackBerry, a Canadian tech-
preneurs and to fight sexual harassment. The nology company, announced a partnership
federal government will close its own pay NEW INDUSTRIES with Baidu, a big Chinese Internet firm, to
gap, Mr Morneau promised. Female-friend- 8. Canada is unlikely to make much impres- work on ways to use artificial intelligence in
liness is fashionable, but it also fits with the sion on those markets with the same old cars. Last month the government said that it
strategy of removing economic roadblocks industries. That is where companies like would spend nearly C$1bn over five years to
advocated by Mr Barton, a Canadian who Agrisoma come in. It exemplifies the idea, help groups of firms and research institutes
leads a panel that advises the government on promoted by Mr Barton among others, that working on artificial intelligence, food pro-
how to promote growth.  tomorrow’s winners will come from adding tein, marine vehicles, advanced manufactur-
technology to yesterday’s successes, espe- ing and digital technology. It hopes that these
cially agriculture. The Saskatchewan Food projects will lead to the development of Sili-
to match to equal, correspond (to) / cut reduction / con Valley-like “superclusters”. The govern-
deregulation not being regulated any more / to ment’s patient planting strategy makes
disappoint to leave unhappy / to fix to resolve, find a sense, as long as a storm does not ruin the
solution to / rather than instead of / to drill to make a
hole in the ground (to find oil etc), here to act / just over 6. to trade to do business / appealing attractive / harvest. l
slightly more than / around about, approximately / besides apart from / GDP = gross domestic product /
labour force workforce / unlikely improbable / to slap to apply, impose / tariff cost of importing or
according to as stated by, reported by. exporting goods / softwood non-profit organisation not aiming to make money / lab
wood from gymnosperm trees such as conifers / = laboratory / pulse legume that is grown and harvested
5. to quote to cite, make reference to / range series / newsprint paper used for printing newspapers etc / steel
female-friendly in favour of women / policy political for its dry seed as food / wheat grain from which flour for
hard metal made of iron and carbon. bread etc is made / soya beans Glycene max, species of
measure / to raise to increase / child benefit financial
support for children / day care child care, service of looking 7. deal agreement / previous former, preceding / to legume native to East Asia / director filmmaker / plant
after other people’s children / to improve to enhance, take, took, taken effect to be in operation / to be due factory / pea small round green vegetable.
develop / incentive encouragement, financial motivation / to to be programmed (to) / quest search, pursuit / 9. partnership association of two companies,
new here, young / time off a break from work (here, further other, additional / to falter to fail, experience collaboration / way method, technique / nearly almost /
paternity leave) / harassment persistent torment / to close difficulties / to fail to not to be successful in / to launch bn = billion (one thousand million) / over over the course
to reduce, eliminate / own here, regarding government here, to initiate, set in motion / talks negotiations / to of, for / manufacturing industrial production of goods /
employees / pay gap differential between men and women’s conduct to carry out / fruitless in vain, not producing the digital numeric / cluster here, centre / to make, made,
salaries / to fit with to correspond to / to remove to desired result. made sense to be logical, seem reasonable / as long as
eliminate / roadblock here, obstacle / to advocate to 8. to come, came, come in to intervene / among here, on condition that / storm tempest / harvest collection of
defend, plead in favour of / to advise to counsel. along with / especially particularly / food from the land.

24 • VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
 Échos
Brèves de culture
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

(Todd Heisler/The New York Times)

Taking on
Shakespeare
Australian actress Margot Robbie will create
a new television series based on
Shakespeare’s works. Each of the 10
standalone episodes will be based on a
different play by Shakespeare, updated to
comment on modern society. An all-female
creative team will work on the series, and

(SIPA)
the stories will be told from female points of
view. Margot Robbie’s production company

Art over barbarity will team up with several other Australian

production companies for this project.
The new sculpture that will decorate the famous Fourth Plinth in London's Tra- to take, took, taken on to tackle, to deal with /
standalone independent / play drama performed
falgar Square has been unveiled. Michael Rakowitz’s installation, entitled “The on stage at a theatre / to update to bring up to
Invisible Enemy Should Not Exist”, is the recreation of an ancient statue repre- date, modernise, renew / to comment to provide a
senting a lamassu – a winged bull creature with the head of a man. The original commentary on, opinion concerning / all-female
100% women / to team up with to work with /
lamassu statue stood at the Nergal Gate of Nineveh, in Iraq, from 700 BC until several a number of.
February 2015, when it was destroyed by Isis. Iraqi-American artist Michael Ra-
kowitz constructed his sculpture from 10,500 empty cans of date syrup. Dates
were one of Iraq's most important exports before the two Gulf Wars. The Fourth
Plinth has featured temporary contemporary artworks since 1999.
over here, triumphing over, vanquishing / (the) Fourth Plinth plinth architectural support or base (as for a column
or statue), here, pedestal in the northwest corner of Trafalgar Square, which, instead of supporting the planned statue of
William lV, instead supports commissions on a rolling programme of temporary artworks / to unveil to reveal, uncover,
present to the public / entitled with the title / winged with wings for flying / bull male cow / to stand, stood, stood to

(Universal Pictures)
be located / gate entrance way, access point / BC = Before Christ / empty with nothing inside, holding nothing / can tin,
metal container for food or liquid / to feature to include, comprise / artwork work of art.

English heritage
Coventry monastery, founded in
1385 by Richard II, will be open
to the public for the first time in
80 years. With Coventry being
named the UK's city of culture
for 2021, the Charterhouse, a
complex of medieval and later
Grade I listed buildings that
includes Coventry monastery, will
be restored to reopen in 2020.
heritage patrimony, historic, cultural
/ monastery residence of a religious
community / to found to create,
establish / Grade I protected building
of the highest category of importance
(Istock)
Back to the Jurassic
Steven Spielberg has confirmed that Colin
Trevorrow will direct the third instalment
of the Jurassic World trilogy. Trevorrow
will return to the franchise after directing
its first film, which was released in 2015
and grossed over $1.5bn at the box office
worldwide. The second instalment, Jurassic
World: Fallen Kingdom, directed by J.A.
Bayona, is set to open in June.
to direct to make a film / instalment episode / to
release (of film) to come out / to gross to earn in
sales receipts before tax / bn = billion (one thousand
million) / worldwide internationally / to be set to

/ listed classified as of historical or to be scheduled/planned to / to open here to start

cultural importance. showing at cinemas.

VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018 • 25

Culture I Industrie du livre I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Argosy Book Store est la plus vieille librairie indépendante
New York
de New York, et elle se porte très bien. Découvrez le
reportage vidéo et testez votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais

(FRANCES M. ROBERTS/NEWSCOM/SIPA)
THE NEW YORK TIMES AIMEE LEE BALL

SHAKESPEARE AND
COMPANY IS BACK
The bookstore is back in the Big Apple
The bookstore, Shakespeare & Co., operating on New York’s West Side since 1983, was a beacon in this an area where
independent bookstores were flourishing. It was obliged, however, to close its doors in 1996 when Barnes & Noble, the biggest
bookstore chain in the United States, opened a store in the area. Does its re-opening mark a renaissance for independent

W
booksellers in New York?

hatever way that people read
books, I’m going to get them into
my store — I don’t care if I have to stock contact
lenses that let the words scroll across your eyes.”
Let’s hope it doesn’t come to that for Noëlle Santos,
who will open The Lit Bar in the Bronx this spring
— part of a continuing resurgence of independent
1. way method, technique / to get, got, got sb into to
persuade sb to enter / contact lens small round curved
piece of plastic worn on the surface of the eye to correct
vision / to let, let, let to make / to scroll to move across
(a computer screen) / across in front of /
booksellers in New York City. Shakespeare and
Company is opening two new stores this year, in
Greenwich Village and on the Upper West Side.
The latter is considered a homecoming for the
original Shakespeare and Company, which was
an institution in that neighborhood from 1982 to
1996, and it will be joining a robust range of indies
the latter the second of two things just mentioned /
homecoming return to one’s home / neighborhood
area, district, part of a city / to join to add to, to become
part of / robust in good health / range group / indie here,
independent (book)store /
in the area including Word Up, Books of Wonder,
Bank Street Bookstore and several branches of
Book Culture. 
2. Maybe, just maybe, the late great Nora Ephron
was wrong. Twenty years ago, her film You’ve Got
area district, part of a city / several a number of.
2. late deceased, dead / to be wrong to be mistaken /
You’ve Got Mail Vous avez un message /

26 • VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2

Mail seemed to punctuate the death sentence of
independent bookstores. Between 1995 and 2000,
the number of indies in the United States declined
by 43 percent, according to the American Booksell-
ers Association, a trade organization for indepen-
dently owned bookstores. Over the past two
decades, New York City institutions such as St.
Mark’s Bookshop, Coliseum Books and Murder
Ink bit the dust. Big boxes — really big boxes —
seemed to be winning. E-books entered the mar-
ket. And then there was Amazon. 
GOING BACK TO THE OLD NEW
YORK
3. “We’re never going to beat Amazon at Amazon’s
game, but I think there is a craving for going back
to the old New York,” said Dane Neller, chief ex-
ecutive of Shakespeare and Company. Multiple
branches and plans for a national presence (with
a Philadelphia store opening this summer) put
Shakespeare and Company in the small chain
category, but Mr. Neller wants to create “the big-
gest little bookshop in the world,” intimate and
localized, with a high level of service.  customers but about the landlords who kept rais-
4. Any New Yorker knows that indies in many
fields have struggled in recent years. But when
the product is books, the losses feel particularly
egregious.  something we do far better than anyone else.”  the planned new Shakespeare and Company
to seem to appear / to punctuate the death sentence of
to signal the death warrant of / by here, to the amount of /
according to as stated/reported by... / trade organization
trade association founded and funded by businesses of a
specific industry / to own to possess, to be the proprietor of /
over during / decade period of ten years / such as like (for
example) / to bite, bit, bit the dust to be killed, here, to
disappear, to fail / big box (store) large chain store.
3. craving strong desire / chief executive company
director / plan project.
4. field sector, domain / to struggle to have difficulties /
to feel, felt, felt to produce an impression / egregious
intolerable.
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
"let the words scroll
across your eyes" (§ 1)
to scroll défiler
A l’origine, scroll était un rouleau de
parchemin qu’il fallait dérouler pour
pouvoir le lire ou un manuscrit comme
the Dead Sea Scrolls les manuscrits
de la Mer Morte.
A l'ère de l'informatique, on peut
utiliser le scroll bar (barre de
défilement) to scroll up or down the
page (faire défiler vers le haut ou vers
le bas).
Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile
Barnes and Noble employs 30,000 people. (Istock)
5. “The popular presumption was that independ-
ent booksellers were a thing of the past, some
vestige of a different time and place,” said Oren
Teicher, chief executive of the A.B.A. “It was inac-
curate as a depiction then as now, but it’s pretty
difficult to convince people otherwise.”  profit margins are relatively thin, success must
6. “In New York, it was never about attracting the
ing the rent,” Mr. Teicher said. “Independent
bookstores play a vital role in communities.
There’s a passion and a knowledge about putting
the right book into the customer’s hand, and it’s
REINVENTING ONESELF
7. There is an opportunity for certain industries
to reinvent themselves after a large shock in their
business model or in technology, according to
Ryan L. Raffaelli, assistant professor at Harvard
Business School, who has been studying inde-
pendent bookstores for about five years. (He even
took a course in how to open one.) “What I’ve
found is that the indies are able to compete on
several dimensions,” he said. “One is community.
They championed the notion of ‘shop local’ and
‘Small Business Saturday.’  a small footprint. That’s transformative.” It’s al-
5. time era, period / place locality / inaccurate incorrect,
inexact, imprecise / depiction representation / then at
the time / pretty quite, rather / to convince to persuade /
otherwise differently.
6. customer client / landlord property owner / to keep,
kept, kept (+ ger.) to continue / to raise to increase, to
put up / rent regular (usually monthly) payment to live in a
property / far much.
7. about approximately / even also / to take, took,
taken to follow, to do / course series of lessons, training /
to find, found, found to discover, to conclude / to
compete to be in competition / dimension level, aspect /
to champion to defend, to support, to promote / Small
Business Saturday shopping event on Saturday
after Thanksgiving and Black Friday/Cyber Monday
encouraging shoppers to go to small, local shops instead of
shopping online.
8. Another is curation: They’re not just offering
best-sellers but diamonds in the rough. They’ve
taken back a sense of pride in what they can
provide: a deeper and ongoing relationship with
their customers. In high-rent districts, because
come from multiple repeat customers, so that the
customer can’t imagine not visiting as part of his
or her monthly routine. They’re also flirting with
adapting newer forms of technology.” 
EMBRACING NEW TECHNOLOGIES
9. That’s what Mr. Neller is banking on. Each of
stores will have an Espresso Book Machine (Mr.
Neller is also head of the manufacturer, On De-
mand Books) that has the potential to print and
bind any book not on the shelves while you’re
having a cappuccino at the store’s cafe. 
10. “It’s really a renaissance,” he said, “a new per-
mutation that will have elements of the mom-and-
pop blended with technology, allowing a store to
have a practically infinite selection in a small
setting. We’ll take a digital file and convert it into
an analog product, putting the warehouse inside
most like a new happy ending to You’ve Got Mail.
Somewhere, Nora is smiling. l
8. curation organisation, here, selection / to offer to propose /
diamond in the rough object with exceptional qualities
without a polished surface appearance / to take, took, taken
back to regain / sense feeling / pride feeling of honour / deep
profound / ongoing continuing, long-term / profit margin
profits, financial gain / thin small, low / to visit to come / to
flirt with to think about.
9. to embrace to adopt/accept enthusiastically / to bank on
to count on / manufacturer company which makes a product
/ potential here, possibility / to bind, bound, bound to put
together / on the shelves here, in the shop.
10. permutation transformation / element here, aspect /
mom-and-pop small family-run business / to blend with to
combine with / setting place / digital here, online, computer /
file collection of information on a computer / warehouse
depot, place where goods are stored / footprint mark left on
the ground by a foot, here, impact (also on the environment) /
transformative revolutionary / almost practically.
VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018 • 27
Découverte
Recife
Salvador
Rio de Janeiro
THE GUARDIAN DOM PHILLIPS
BRITISH SCIENTISTS
SET TO WORK ON
ZIKA VACCINE
Research for a Zika vaccine starts in the UK
(to set, set, set to work to start working)
The Zika virus has been classified as one of the top ten “priority” illnesses by the
World Health Organisation since 2015. The virus is spread by one particular species of
mosquito and the areas principally affected are in the north-east of Brazil, where it
has caused a significant number of cases of microcephaly. British researchers have
been studying the virus for the Brazilian government in the hope of creating an
effective vaccine.
S cientists in the UK have started work
on developing a vaccine to protect
women against the Zika virus. The £4.7m
project, involving the universities of Manches-
ter and Liverpool, and Public Health England,
aims to have trials on humans up and running
within the next three years.  Zika – an obscure, mosquito-borne virus,
2. The news comes two and a half years after
the Zika virus, which can lead to foetal abnor-
malities, began to appear in Brazil. When
cases of babies born with abnormally small
heads were first reported in late 2015, Brazil-
ians were frightened and bewildered. Few had
heard of the rare birth defect microcephaly, or
were aware that it restricts growth of the skull
and can cause learning, cognitive and motor
difficulties. Nor did scientists know why
1. to develop to create / to involve to include / health
medical care / to aim to to have as an objective / trial
clinical test / up and running in place / within in the
space of.
2. to come, came, come to happen / to lead, led, led to
to cause, to result in / abnormality malformation / to
report to declare / in late... towards the end of... /
bewildered confused, perplexed / defect anomaly,
malformation / aware conscious, informed / to restrict to
limit / growth development / skull bone structure of the
head, cranium / to cause to result in, to lead to, to provoke
/ nor did [they] know... they did not know either... /
28 • VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018
I Epidémie I BRÉSIL I  B2-C1
170,535
cases of Zika in Brazil in 2016.
cases were concentrated in Brazil’s impover-
ished, dry north-east. Two and a half years
later, they still don’t. 
OUTBREAK IN BRAZIL
3. The Brazilian government quickly blamed
previously unknown in the Americas. The
World Health Organization declared a public
health emergency, and panic grew as Zika
spread across the region. Then the outbreak
petered out, leaving Brazil with more than
3,000 babies affected by what its government
calls “developmental and growth alterations
possibly related to Zika virus infection”.  TRANSMISSION CHAINS
4. Two-thirds of those children are here in the
north-east. As of December, 438 were in the
state of Pernambuco. Yet just 700-odd cases of
what is now called congenital Zika syndrome
impoverished very poor / dry arid.
3. outbreak sudden appearance of a disease, epidemic /
to blame to say sth is responsible for sth / obscure not
clearly understood / mosquito-borne carried and
transmitted by mosquitoes / previously before, until then
/ World Health Organization Organisation mondiale de
la santé (OMS) / emergency urgent medical situation / to
spread, spread, spread across to propagate / to peter
out to gradually disappear / related to linked to,
connected to.
4. as of from / yet however / -odd about /
Scientists in the UK are trying
to develop a vaccine to protect
women against the Zika virus.
(Allison V. Smith/The New York Times)
have been confirmed across the whole of the
rest of the Americas, according to the Pan
American Health Organization. And nobody
can explain the discrepancy. “We were braced
for a large epidemic of microcephaly. We
didn’t see that,” said Albert Ko, professor of
epidemiology and medicine at the Yale School
of Public Health, who has studied the epi-
demic. 
5. Zika was first discovered in Uganda in 1947,
and spread quietly through Asia. An outbreak
in French Polynesia in 2013-14 caused a notice-
able upswing in microcephaly cases. A 2016
study concluded that Zika arrived in the Amer-
icas between May-December 2013, when air
travel from Zika-infected countries to Brazil
was increasing. 
the whole of the entirety / according to as stated/
reported by... / Pan-American representing the countries
of North, South and Central America / discrepancy
difference / to brace for to prepare for.
5. quietly discreetly / through across / noticeable
significant / upswing increase, rise / to increase to go up,
to rise.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2

6. By 2015, the virus was infecting huge num-
bers in Brazil’s north-east, said Ko, including
up to 60% of all pregnant women. “It’s this
proverbial perfect storm-type situation,” Ko
said. “There are some transmission chains that
create large epidemics and others that just
burn out and die.” Zika reached much more
populous states in Brazil’s south-east, like Rio
de Janeiro. But Rio has almost half the con-
genital Zika cases of Pernambuco, and twice
the population.  that spreads Zika. In Pernambuco, 11% of peo-
7. Oliver Brady is an assistant professor in ar-
boviral epidemiology at the London School of
Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, who is study-
ing the virus for the Brazilian government. He
said Zika’s spread was much patchier in Rio,
where mosquitoes are also much less active in
6. by here, in / huge very large / pregnant expecting a
baby / perfect storm disaster produced by a chance
combination of factors / to burn, burned or burnt,
burned or burnt out to lose strength and disappear / to
die here, to disappear / to reach to arrive at / populous
highly populated / almost nearly.
7. patchy unequal, uneven, irregular.
Retrouvez plus d’infos dans la newsletter Vocable www.vocable.fr/newsletter
the cooler, drier winter. The north-east had ASSUMPTIONS
more cases.  12. Some scientists have hypothesised that
dengue, another mosquito-spread disease
CRITICAL THRESHOLD present in Brazil, could increase the risk of Zika
8. As one dose of Zika is believed to give im- infection. And a new sibling study from re-
munity, when a second, less intense Zika searchers at the University of São Paulo, pub-
outbreak followed in 2016, north-eastern cities lished in February, provided intriguing evi-
like Recife and Salvador – capital of Bahia state, dence that genetics could make some babies
which had the most microcephaly cases, at 509 more susceptible to congenital Zika syndrome
– had reached “critical threshold”. “That’s the than others. 
proportion of people that need to be infected
for the disease to die out,” Brady said.  13. In Recife, the city government reduced
the density of mosquitoes
9. Ernesto Marques, a profes- by cleaning areas where the
sor of infectious diseases and insects were intensely con-
vaccines at the University of Investigating centrated, educating citi-
Pittsburgh, said investigating zens, and even monitoring
hypotheses is hampered by a hypotheses is water containers without
lack of reliable data on how hampered by lids from traffic control
many people caught Zika. It is
tricky to diagnose: in most
a lack of cameras, city health secre-
tary Jailson Correia said.
cases, the virus is asympto- reliable data. Now they are planning to
matic, retrospective tests are release sterile mosquitoes.
not conclusive, and it is easily But as officials from the UN
confused with viruses like and World Health Organi-
dengue. “There are a lot of unknowns in this zation argued in 2016, improving Brazil’s
story,” Marques said.  woeful sanitation is also vital to stopping
Zika. l
FIRST ANSWERS
10. Marques is also a researcher at Brazilian
government research institute Fiocruz in Re- 12. assumption hypothesis, supposition / sibling
cife, which set up a microcephaly epidemic brother/sister / to provide to produce / evidence (inv.)
research group to study the outbreak. Last proof / to make, made, made to render.
December, the group published a study con- 13. to clean to disinfect / citizen resident of a country,
person / even as well as / to monitor to observe, to check
firming the association between microceph- / lid cover / to plan to to intend to / to release to free, to
aly and congenital Zika virus infection.  emit / official representative / to argue to affirm, to say /
to improve to make better / woeful deplorable /
sanitation hygiene measures to protect public health.
11. A further study this year found higher levels
of microcephaly associated with precarious
living conditions, with poor or open sewage
and irregular water supplies favouring the
proliferation of the Aedes aegypti mosquito
ple don’t have a fresh water supply and only SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
32% get their sewage treated. 
"It had reached critical
threshold” (§ 8)
8. threshold level, point at which a new situation starts / threshold = seuil , pas de la porte
dose here, exposure / at here, with / disease illness.
Exemples :
9. to investigate to study, to research / to hamper to to cross the threshold franchir le
make difficult, to prevent the progress of / lack absence /
reliable dependable, trustworthy / data information / seuil
tricky difficult / conclusive decisive / to confuse with to on the threshold of ... (figurative
mix up with, to mistake for. use) au bord ou au seuil de ...
below the threshold of
10. to set, set, set up to create, to establish.
11. further additional, new / poor bad, insufficient / open consciousness subliminaire
not enclosed (or here, underground) / sewage evacuation to have a high/low pain threshold
of waste matter and water / water supply source and avoir un seuil de tolérance à la douleur
delivery system of water / fresh water water that is not élevé/peu élevé
salt water.
VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018 • 29
Découverte I Technologie I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1

Tempe

A GM Chevrolet Bolt electric

vehicle, operated with
self-driving technology.
(Jim Wilson/The New York Times)

THE NEW YORK TIMES DAISUKE WAKABAYASHI

PALL ON TESTING OF
SELF-DRIVING CARS
The first mortality from a self-driving car calls the issue of safety into
question (to cast a pall on here, to raise doubts about)
In March, one of Uber’s self-driving cars was responsible for the death of a cyclist in Tempe, Arizona. Up this this point, Arizona
was one of a few American states that allowed testing of driverless cars on its public roads. This dramatic accident has re-
launched the debate about the safety of these vehicles, previously thought to be relatively safe in using the roads with a back-up
driver in case of an emergency. Is the technology really ready and safe?

S AN FRANCISCO — Arizona officials

saw opportunity when Uber and other
companies began testing driverless cars a few
years ago. Promising to keep oversight light,
they invited the companies to test their ro-
botic vehicles on the state’s roads. Then on
Sunday night, an autonomous car operated by
Uber — and with an emergency backup driver
behind the wheel — struck and killed a woman
on a street in Tempe, Arizona. It was believed
to be the first pedestrian death associated with
1. official high-ranking employee / driverless without a
driver / oversight supervision, control / to operate to run,
put in circulation / emergency safety, relief / backup
safety, support / wheel steering wheel / to strike,
struck, struck to hit, collide with / pedestrian person on
foot /
self-driving technology. The company quickly
suspended testing in Tempe as well as in Pitts-
burgh, San Francisco and Toronto. 
A YOUNG TECHNOLOGY
2. The accident was a reminder that self-driving
technology is still in the experimental stage,
and governments are still trying to figure out
how to regulate it. Uber, Waymo and a long list
of tech companies and automakers have begun
to expand testing of their self-driving vehicles
self-driving driver-less, without a driver / to suspend to
interrupt, here to prohibit (temporarily).
2. reminder sth that makes one remember sth / stage
here, phase / to figure out to determine, work out / to
regulate to control, impose regulations on / tech
= technology / automaker (US) = car manufacturer
(GB) company that makes cars /
in cities around the country. The companies
say the cars will be safer than regular cars
simply because they take easily distracted
humans out of the driving equation. But the
technology is still only about a decade old, and
just now starting to experience the unpredict-
able situations that drivers can face. 
ATTRACTING TESTING
OPERATIONS
3. Much of the testing of autonomous cars has
taken place in a piecemeal regulatory environ-
regular normal, conventional / distracted concentrating
on something else, not focused / unpredictable
unforeseeable / to face to be confronted by.
3. operation activity / piecemeal fragmentary, done bit
by bit /

30 • VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
 Retrouvez plus de tests dans la newsletter Vocable www.vocable.fr/newsletter

ment. Some states, like Arizona, have taken a
lenient approach to regulation. Arizona officials
wanted to lure companies working on self-
driving technology out of neighboring Califor-
nia, where regulators had been less receptive.
But regulators in California and elsewhere have
become more accommodating lately. Federal
policymakers have also considered a lighter
touch. A Senate bill, if passed, would free au-
tonomous-car makers from some existing
safety standards and pre-empt states from
creating their own vehicle safety laws.  nology have struggled with how to teach the
4. The Uber car, a Volvo XC90 SUV outfitted
with the company’s sensing system, was in
autonomous mode with a human safety driver
at the wheel but carrying no passengers when
it struck Elaine Herzberg, a 49-year-old woman.
Tempe, with its dry weather and wide roads,
was considered an ideal place to test autono-
mous vehicles. In 2015, Arizona officials de-
clared the state a regulation-free zone in order
to attract testing operations from companies
like Uber, Waymo and Lyft. “We needed our
message to Uber, Lyft and other entrepreneurs
in Silicon Valley to be that Arizona was open
to new ideas,” Doug Ducey, Arizona’s governor,
said in an interview in June 2017.  7. researcher scientist who investigates a subject / to
WITH OR WITHOUT DRIVERS
5. Since late last year, Waymo, the self-driving
car unit of Google’s parent company Alphabet,
has been using cars without a human in the
driver’s seat to pick up and drop off passengers
in Arizona. Most testing of driverless cars oc-
curs with a safety driver in the front seat who
is available to take over if something goes
wrong. It can be challenging, however, to take
control of a fast-moving vehicle. 
6. California requires companies to report the
number of instances when human drivers are
lenient relaxed, easy going, here, without too many
restrictions imposed / to lure out of to persuade to leave /
accommodating obliging / lately recently /
policymaker person who formulates a plan of action for a
government / a lighter touch here, fewer regulatory
obligations / bill proposed law / to pass to adopt, vote /
to free to liberate, here, to exempt / safety standard
security norms / to pre-empt sb from doing sthg to
stop sb from doing sth.
forced to take over for the autonomous vehicle,
called “disengagements.” Between December
2016 and November 2017, Waymo’s self-driving
cars drove about 350,000 miles and human
drivers retook the wheel 63 times — an average
of about 5,600 miles between every disengage-
ment. 
TEACHING THE SYSTEM TO
ADJUST
7. Researchers working on autonomous tech-
systems to adjust for unpredictable human
driving or behavior. Still, most researchers
believe self-driving cars will ultimately be
safer than their human counterparts. 
8. In 2016, a man driving his Tesla using Auto-
pilot, the car company’s self-driving feature,
died on a state highway in Florida when his car
crashed into a tractor-trailer that was crossing
the road. Federal regulators later ruled there
were no defects in the system to cause the ac-
cident.  erless cars and artificial intelligence. “We’ve
average approximate medium number.
struggle with to have difficulties with / ultimately in the
end, finally / counterpart equivalent.
8. feature function / highway (US) = motorway (GB)
major road, motorway / to crash into to collide with, run
into sth / tractor-trailer (US) = articulated lorry (GB)
articulated truck / regulator organisation that officially
controls an area of business or industry / to rule to decide,
decree / defect anomaly.
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
"to pre-empt states
from creating their own
vehicle safety laws" (§ 3)
to pre-empt = anticiper, devancer
Exemples :
you can pre-empt pain by taking a
painkiller vous pouvez prévenir la
douleur en prenant un calmant
the government pre-empted a
threatened strike le gouvernement a
pris les devants pour empêcher la grève
annoncée.
9. But the crash in Tempe will draw attention
among the general public to self-driving cars,
said Michael Bennett, an associate research
professor at Arizona State University who has
been looking into how people respond to driv-
imagined an event like this as a huge inflection
point for the technology and the companies
advocating for it,” he said. “They’re going to
have to do a lot to prove that the technology is
safe.” l
9. crash accident, collision / general public ordinary
citizens / to respond to to react to / inflection point
turning point / to advocate for to argue for.
SÉJOURS
LINGUISTIQUES
& VACANCES
JEUNES
IM012100014

4. SUV = sport utility vehicle 4x4 / to be outfitted

with to be equipped with / sensing system detection 05 65 77 10 47
system. www.verdiehello.com
5. parent company holding company / to pick up to go
and collect sb in a car / to drop off to take sb to a
destination / to take, took, taken over here, to take
control, intervene / challenging difficult / fast-moving destinations
here, at full speed. humaines
6. to report to declare / instance example, case, here
occurrence /

VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018 • 31

 Bons plans I Langues

(Sipa)
PAR LAETITIA MORENI

SÉJOURS JUNIORS ANGLAIS

Si votre enfant souhaite partir à l’étranger pour apprendre l’anglais, sachez qu’il existe de nombreux séjours proposés par les
organismes linguistiques. Outre des programmes dits classiques « cours avec multi-activités », chez l’habitant ou en résidence
internationale, les organismes labellisés Unosel proposent de nombreuses formules thématiques. Voici une sélection adaptée à
chaque personnalité.

POUR
LES SPORTIFS
Des séjours langues et sports
sont proposés par de nombreux
organismes labellisés Unosel.
Football, tennis, basket, danse,
golf, handball, rugby, équitation,
sports nautiques, surf, karting…
Parmi les plus originaux, Nacel
propose aux jeunes entre 14 et
19 ans une formule Anglais et
Sport à San Diego en Califor-
nie sans cours en classe mais
avec 20h de leur activité favorite
(surf, vélo, kayak, etc.) conduite
en anglais, dont les premiers
prix débutent à 3650€ pour une
vingtaine de jours en pension
complète incluant le voyage.
Si vos enfants ont entre 14 et
17 ans, sont passionnés d’acti-
vités nautiques et souhaitent
rester en Europe, le CEI a mis
en place à Paignton, une station
balnéaire en Angleterre, un pro-
gramme regroupant 15 heures
de cours d’anglais par semaine
et des activités comme le surf,
le kayak, le beach-volley, le tout
durant une quinzaine de jours
à partir de 1820€ voyage inclus.
Toujours pour les 14/17 ans, EF
propose des séjours en Irlande,
ou en Grande-Bretagne s’ils
sont amateurs d’équitation.
www.nacel.fr
www.cei-sejour-linguistique.fr
www.ef.fr/
POUR
LES AVENTURIERS
Pour les 10/14 ans, la formule
« Summer Camp » organisée
par EF dans un pensionnat en
Angleterre, propose du sport,
des jeux d’aventure, des excur-
sions et quelques cours pour re-
venir sur le vocabulaire abordé
lors des activités. Le tarif est de
2510€ pour 2 semaines (incluant
transports, transferts, encadre-
ment, activités, cours, héber-
gement, pension, etc.). Pour
ceux qui cherchent davantage
d’aventure, le CEI propose un
Summer Camp au Canada (une
à cinq semaines) avec activités
sportives et excursions dans

32 • VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018

 Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

des paysages époustouflants, mise en scène : improvisation, de ces sessions animées, des des professeurs anglophones
et possibilité de prendre 15h de interprétation de textes, cho- excursions ont lieu à Londres. et une journée d’excursion.
cours d’anglais par semaine. régraphie, etc. Cette formule L’hébergement se fait en cam- Les cours de coding sont axés
Le coût de cette formule s’élève qui se déroule en Grande-Bre- pus universitaire. Le tarif pour autour de trois sujets : dévelop-
à 2680€ pour deux semaines tagne s’adresse aux 12/16 ans la formule « Studios » débute à pement d’applications iOS avec
(voyage non inclus) et 165€ et s’élève à 1299€ voyage inclus. 2400€ pour 15 jours. Toujours Swift et Xcode, d’applications
supplémentaires pour l’option Dans un univers assez proche, dans le cadre de cette formule Android avec App Inventor et de
cours d’anglais. Nacel a mis en place un séjour un programme s’adresse aux jeux avec Java. L’hébergement
www.cei-sejour-linguistique.fr « Production Cinéma » avec jeunes à partir de 7 ans et mêle est prévu en famille sur une
www.ef.fr/ 8 journées de tournage sur la ateliers interactifs LEGO Edu- période de 14 jours. La formule
presqu’île de Wirral, à l’ouest de cation et cours d’anglais. « Pour destinée aux 14/17 ans est pro-
POUR Manchester (à partir de 1750€). les 14/18 ans, il existe aussi une posée à partir de 2595€.
LES CINÉPHILES www.clc.fr thématique intitulée : gagner www.nacel.fr
www.nacel.fr en leadership », indique Quen-
Votre enfant est fan d’Harry tin Levert, directeur des Pro- POUR
Potter ? Le CLC propose pour POUR grammes Séjours Linguistiques LES SCIENTIFIQUES
les 11-16 ans, un séjour composé LES ARTISTES chez EF. Enfin, pour ceux qui
de 12h de cours d’anglais dis- rêvent de devenir vlogger, EF Les matheux auront leur place
pensés par des professeurs bri- Pour les créatifs et les enfants propose à vos enfants de ren- à Ocala aux Etats-Unis. Nacel
tanniques et de visites des sites passionnés de mode, d’activités contrer des blogueurs vidéos organise en effet en Floride un
de tournage de la saga Harry artistiques et culturelles, la for- connus, une visite du studio programme d’apprentissage de
Potter (St Pancras, Leadenhall mule « Studios » proposée par Youtube à Londres et des ses- l’anglais à travers l’étude des
Market, le Millenium Bridge EF saura s’adapter à toutes les sions pour apprendre comment sciences, technologie et mathé-
à Londres, la cathédrale d’Ox- personnalités. Ces activités sont promouvoir sa propre chaîne matiques (STEM program). Pas
ford…). Cette formule débute proposées au Royaume-Uni et sur le net. de cours d’anglais en revanche,
à 799€, voyage inclus pour six aux Etats-Unis. La formule www.ef.fr/ tout est basé sur la réalisation
nuits en pension complète. Le « Londres Studio » propose des d’expériences, comme par
CLC a également mis en place leçons de musique (deux leçons POUR exemple l’élaboration de plans
une formule originale « Anglais en classe et deux sessions par LES GEEKS de fusées, de programmation
et Comédie musicale ». Le but : jour pour apprendre à composer de robots, etc. Il faut compter au
s’initier au rôle d’acteur ou de et mixer la musique), de mode Faire du coding à Londres, c’est minimum 3195€ hébergement
metteur en scène par le biais pour apprendre à créer des vê- désormais possible. La nou- et billets d’avion inclus pour
d’une comédie musicale. Les tements, d’art (photographie, velle formule du groupe NACEL deux semaines.
24h de cours sont focalisées techniques de mode avec un propose 45H de coding, 15h de www.nacel.fr
sur les différentes étapes de la défilé en fin de séjour). En plus cours d’anglais dispensés par

Séjours linguistiques
Rejoignez
la
communauté
Vocable
Séjours linguistiques Séjours Linguistiques sur
en famille
Vacances intélligentes l Primaires l Grande-Bretagne
Collégiens Allemagne Nouveautés 2018
et immersion complète l l
contactez-nous !
l Lycéens l Espagne

l Étudiants l Etats-Unis 03 20 63 11 00
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Découvrez nos formules sur www.vivalangues.fr

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VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018 • 33

Les sorties
sur www.vocable.fr jouez et gagnez...
Des entrées pour des films et des expositions, des CD et des DVD, des romans, des voyages…
Des places à gagner !
sur www.vocable.fr
LIVRE
SOS BAC ANGLAIS
De Anne-Isabelle Pinéda
Si l’anglais est votre LV1 ou votre
LV2 et que vous vous apprêtez à
passer l’épreuve écrite du Bac, pas
de panique, l’ouvrage SOS Bac
Anglais vous permettra de réviser
de façon efficace, et, nous
l’espérons, de passer l’épreuve
haut la main ! Chaque chapitre est
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Editions Ophrys - 16€
34 • VOCABLE Du 3 au 16 mai 2018
Retrouvez plus de coups de cœur sur www.vocable.fr
CINEMA
DAPHNÉ
de Peter Mackie Burns
Daphné est une jeune femme à la vie plutôt ordinaire : elle
travaille comme chef dans un pub londonien, sort beaucoup
et se dispute souvent avec sa mère, atteinte d’un cancer.
Jusqu’au jour où elle assiste à un braquage qui tourne mal
dans une petite épicerie… Elle commence alors à remettre en
question tout ce qu’elle croyait savoir. Ce premier film du
réalisateur écossais Peter Mackie Burns met en scène un
personnage flamboyant et attachant, c’est une véritable
bouffée d’air frais. C’est aussi un bel hommage à la ville de
Londres et à ses habitants – non pas le Londres de carte
postale mais le Londres populaire où les communautés se
mélangent dans la joie de vivre. Un film d’une authenticité
désarmante.
Avec Emily Beecham, Tom Vaughan-Lawlor, DVD
Nathaniel Martello-White THE FLORIDA PROJECT
En salles le 2 mai. de Sean Baker
Moonee, six ans, vit avec sa mère
dans un motel de la banlieue
DVD d’Orlando, à côté de Disney World.
Elle y fait les 400 coups avec ses
LE GRAND JEU deux acolytes Jancey et Scooty,
De Aaron Sorkin Halley, sa jeune mère, étant trop
L’ancienne championne de ski Molly Bloom occupée à mettre au point de
a tout juste 23 ans lorsqu’elle débarque à petites combines financières pour la
Los Angeles. Elle y devient l’assistante du surveiller. Le gérant du motel,
propriétaire de la célèbre boîte de nuit interprété par un Willem Dafoe
Viper Room, qui la charge d’organiser des splendide et extrêmement
soirées de poker clandestines. Lorsqu’elle attachant, veille comme il le peut
se fait virer sans ménagement, elle décide sur ces enfants laissés en liberté. Ce
de monter son propre club de poker film à l’esthétique soignée –
clandestin. Le succès est très vite au couleurs pastels et iconographie
rendez-vous, mais les choses prennent une Walt Disney sont de rigueur – met
tournure dangereuse… Ce film, basé sur une au premier plan le point de vue des
histoire vraie et réalisé par Aaron Sorkin enfants, et décrit avec une profonde
–  le scénariste de Steve Jobs –, nous tient humanité l’Amérique des déclassés.
en haleine du début à la fin tout en étant magnifiquement interprété. Avec Brooklynn Prince, Bria Vinaite,
Avec Jessica Chastain, Idris Elba et Kevin Costner Willem Dafoe
M6 Vidéo - 19€99 Le Pacte - 19€99
SERIE
LES 7 VÉRITÉS
De Tony Ayres et Amanda Higgs
Ce thriller psychologique australien met en scène
le kidnapping avorté d’un enfant. Pourquoi Simon
Heywood a-t-il tenté d’enlever le fils de son amour
de jeunesse ? Les six épisodes de la série donnent
à voir différentes perspectives sur cet événement.
On y retrouve l’acteur australien Alex Dimitriades,
révélé au grand public dans les années 1990 avec
la série Hartley, cœurs à vif.
A voir sur Arte à partir du 10 mai, à 20h55.
 le
dessin
I Décryptage I ETATS-UNIS

border frontier, boundary (here, with Mexico) / to march to walk in a procession.

US Bank SENDING TROOPS TO THE BORDER

bon
à savoir Holidays During a conference with leaders of three Baltic nations, US President Donald
In the United Trump said that he would send military forces to guard the border with Mexico
States, Veterans
Day on November 11, is an from what he called a growing threat of illegal immigrants, drugs and crime, until
annual holiday that honours all the wall he promised is built. For the time being, it is unclear if the plan will go
the military veterans that have ahead. In interviews, several military officials said Trump’s announcement came
served in the US military. The
Fourth of July, also referred to as a surprise. In February, Donald Trump said that he was inspired by the Bastille
as Independence Day, is a Day Parade in France and that he would like a military parade to take place on
holiday that commemorates
the adoption of the Declaration Veterans Day or the Fourth of July in Washington. It would be “something great
of Independence on July 4, 1776. for the spirit of the country,” he said.
holiday day when people do not go to growing increasing, developing / threat danger, menace / for the time being for the moment / to go, went, gone ahead here, to put
work or school. into action, start, proceed / several a number of / official representative / to come, came, come as a surprise to surprise, be
unexpected / to take, took, taken place to happen, here, to be organised / spirit enjoyment, here, morale.

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UT pour pr
Quel que soit le niveau
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gagner des points et corrigées
Il répertorie tous à l’épreuve d’expression écrite.
les types de sujets
susceptibles de
tomber.

Il vous permet une Des fiches de

révision des basiques pour grammaire et
assurer et acquérir les vocabulaire
connaissances pour conçues en
améliorer votre fonction des types
maîtrise de la langue. de sujets.

Il vous montre
comment travailler Des exercices
et comment éviter les et leurs
pièges qui pourraient corrigés
vous faire perdre des
points. ISBN
9782708015159
290 pages
16 €

L’essentiel du vocabulaire nécessaire

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9782708015197 9782708014725 9782708014756 9782708014701
144 pages 90 pages 136 pages 120 pages
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