Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language,

Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2021: 7.278, www.srjis.com

PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, FEB-MAR, 2022, VOL-10/50

Hkkjr dh fons'kuhfr dk phu dh fLVªx

a v‚Q iyZ~l dh uhfr ij çHkko

la/;k flag1] Ph. D. & vrqy dqekj2

1,lksfl,V izksQslj] j{kk v/;;u foHkkx] Mh0,0oh0 dkWyst dkuiqj
2'kks/k Nk=] j{kk v/;;u foHkkx] Mh0,0oh0 dkWyst] dkuiqj

Paper Received On: 25 MAR 2022

Peer Reviewed On: 31 MAR 2022
Published On: 1 APR 2022

Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

çLrkouk
n fLVªx
a v‚Q iyZ~l fgan egklkxj {ks= ¼IOR½ esa laHkkfor phuh ljdkj ds bjknksa ij ,d Hkw&jktuhfrd
fl)kar gSA ;g phuh lSU; vkSj okf.kfT;d lqfo/kkvksa ds usVodZ vkSj lapkj dh leqæh ykbuksa ds lkFk laca/ kksa dks
lanfHkZr djrk gS] tks phuh eq[; Hkwfe ls vÝhdk ds g‚uZ esa iksVZ lwMku rd QSyk gqvk gSA leqæh ykbuksa esa dbZ
çeq[k leqæh ek/;e ls pykus ds pksd vad tSls Mandeb ds tyMe:e/;] eyDdk tyMe:e/; ] gkseqZt ds
tyMe:e/; ] vkSj yacksd LVªVs lkFk gh ikfdLrku] Jhyadk ] ckaXykns'k ] ekynho vkSj lksekfy;k esa vU; j.kuhfrd
leqæh dsæa A
Hkkjr esa dbZ fVIi.khdkjksa dk ekuuk gS fd phu&ikfdLrku vkfFkZd xfy;kjs vkSj phuh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds
egklfpo 'kh ftufiax ds rgr phu ds csYV ,aM jksM igy ds vU; fgLlksa ds lkFk ;g ;kstuk Hkkjr dh jk"Vªh;
lqj{kk ds fy, [krjk gS A bl rjg dh ç.kkyh Hkkjr dks ?ksj ysxh] vkSj bldh 'kfä ç{ksi.k] O;kikj vkSj laHkkfor
{ks=h; v[kaMrk dks [krjk iSnk djsxh A blds vykok] Hkkjr ds ikfdLrku ds ikjaifjd nq'eu vkSj mlds Xoknj
canjxkg ds fy, phu ds leFkZu dks ,d [krjs ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk gS] bl vk'kadk ls vkSj Hkh c<+ tkrk gS fd phu
Xoknj esa ,d fons'kh ukSlSfud lSU; vìk fodflr dj ldrk gS] tks phu dks vfHk;ku ;q) dk lapkyu djus dh
vuqefr ns ldrk gS A iwoZ ls] D;kqdI;w ds xgjs ikuh ds canjxkg dks Hkh blh rjg dh fpark ds lkFk ns[kk tkrk gSA
phuh ;kstuk dk igyk O;kid vdknfed fo'ys"k.k vkSj ubZ fnYyh ds fy, blds lqj{kk fufgrkFkZ Qjojh 2008 esa
,d lfØ; Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk vf/kdkjh }kjk fd, x, FksA fnlacj 2008 esa fgan egklkxj esa phu dh leqæh MdSrh jks/kh
ukSlSfud rSukrh vkSj vxLr 2017 esa ftcwrh esa viuh igyh fons'kh lsuk dk vf/kxzg.k] fgan egklkxj esa phu dh
*LFkk;h lSU; mifLFkfr* dh Hkfo";ok.kh djus okys muds fo'ys"k.k dks Hkkjrh; uhfr fuekZrk çstsaVj ds :i esa }kjk
ns[kk tkrk gSAsa rnuqlkj] Hkkjr rc ls dfFkr [krjs dk eqdkcyk djus ds fy, fofHkUu çdkj ds dne mBk jgk gSA
Hkw&jktuhfrd vo/kkj.kk ds :i esa 'kCn dk ç;ksx igyh ckj 2005 esa ,d vkarfjd vesfjdh j{kk foHkkx dh
fjiksVZ] *,f'k;k esa ÅtkZ Hkfo";* esa fd;k x;k FkkA bl 'kCn dk O;kid :i ls Hkkjr ds Hkw&jktuhfrd vkSj fons'k
uhfr vk[;kuksa esa Hkkjr dh fparkvksa dks mtkxj djus ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA nf{k.kh ,f'k;k esa cM+s iSekus ij
phuh csYV ,aM jksM bfuf'k,fVo ifj;kstuk,aA bZ;wvkbZ,l,l ds vuqlkj] prqHkqZt lqj{kk laokn ¼la;qä jkT; vesfjdk]

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 MkW0 la/;k flag &vrqy dqekj 12519
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Hkkjr] v‚LVªfs y;k vkSj tkiku ls feydj½ dk xBu Hkkjr&ç'kkar {ks= esa phu dh eq[kj fons'k vkSj lqj{kk uhfr dk
çR;{k ifj.kke gSA
eksfr;ksa dh ekyk dk mn; canjxkgksa vkSj gokbZ {ks=ksa rd igqap c<+kus] lSU; cyksa dk foLrkj vkSj
vk/kqfudhdj.k djus vkSj O;kikfjd Hkkxhnkjksa ds lkFk etcwr jktuf;d laca/kksa dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, Bksl ç;klksa ds
ek/;e ls phu ds c<+rs Hkw&jktuhfrd çHkko dk ladsr gSA phuh ljdkj tksj nsdj dgrh gS fd phu dh c<+rh
ukSlSfud j.kuhfr iwjh rjg ls 'kkafriw.kZ gS vkSj dsoy {ks=h; O;kikj fgrksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, gSA phuh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ
ds egklfpo gw ftarkvks vkSj 'kh ftufiax nksuksa us tksj nsdj dgk gS fd phu dHkh Hkh fons'kh laca/kksa esa vkf/kiR; dh
ryk'k ugha djsxkA bdksu‚feLV }kjk 2013 ds ,d fo'ys"k.k esa ;g Hkh ik;k x;k fd phuh pkysa ç—fr esa okf.kfT;d
gSaA gkykafd ;g nkok fd;k x;k gS fd phu dh dkjZokbZ fgan egklkxj esa phu vkSj Hkkjr ds chp ,d lqj{kk nqfo/kk
iSnk dj jgh gS ] ftl ij dqN fo'ys"kdksa us loky mBk;k gS] tks phu dh ekSfyd j.kuhfrd detksfj;ksa dh vksj
b'kkjk djrs gSaA
fLVªx
a v‚Q iyZ~l dh uhfr
fLVªx
a v‚Q iyZ~l dh uhfr] phu ds }kjk fgan egklkxj {ks= esa viuk çHkko c<+kus ds fy, fd;k tk jgk
gSA bl 'kCn dk ç;ksx vesfjdh j{kk ea=ky; isVa kxu ds }kjk fd;k x;kA fgan egklkxj dk {ks= nqfu;k ds eq[;
O;kikfjd ekxksZa esa 'kkfey gS vkSj fQygky ;gka vesfjdk dk igys ls gh çHkko gSA Hkkjr ,oa phu Hkh bl {ks= ij
viuk çHkko c<+kus ds fy, çfrLi/kkZ dj jgs gSaA mHkjrs phu us fgan egklkxj esa vius çHkko dks cuk, j[kus ds fy,
*fLVªx
a v‚Q iyZ~l* dh uhfr dks c<+kok fn;k] ftldk vfHkçk; gS] gkaxdkax ls ysdj lwMku ds iÙku rd leqæh lapkj
ij phu dk fu;a=.k cuk jgs] ftlesa eyDdk tylaf/k] gkjeqt tylaf/k rd phu viuk çHkko cuk, j[kuk pkgrk
gSA blds varxZr phu] ikfdLrku ¼Xoknj iÙku½] ckaXykns'k ¼pVxkao½] ekynho] gEcuVksVk }hi] dksdks}hi vkSj
lksekfy;k rd vius&vius ukSlSfud fgrksa dks cuk, j[kuk gSA *fLVªx
a v‚Q iyZ~l dk fl)kar* ds ckjs esa vesfjdk ds
j{kk foHkkx }kjk fufeZr fjiksVZ] ,f'k;k esa ÅtkZ dk Hkfo"; esa mYys[k fd;k x;kA fØLVksQj fç;lZu us bldks
O;k[;kf;r djrs gq, dgk fd *fLVªx
a v‚Q iyZ~l* phu ds mHkjrs Hkw&jktuhfrd çHkko dk ifj.kke gS] ftlds }kjk
phu iÙku ¼canjxkg½ vkSj ok;q lsuk vìksa ij viuh igqap csgrj djuk pkgrk gS rFkk fofHkUu jkT;ksa ds lkFk csgrj
dwVuf;d laca/k cukuk] phuh lsuk dk vk/kqfudhdj.k djds nf{k.kh phu lkxj] eyDdk dh laf/k] fgan egklkxj vkSj
if'kZ;k dh [kkM+h rd vius çHkko dk foLrkj djuk gSA
fLVax v‚Q iyZ~l uhfr vkSj Hkkjr dh uhfr Hkkjr vkSj baMksusf'k;k ds e/; o"kZ 2001 esa ,d lSU; le>kSrk
gqvkA blfy, fgan egklkxj lqj{kk vkSj vkfFkZd nksuksa dkj.kksa ls Hkkjr ds fy, vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ gSA o"kZ&1997 esa
bafM;u vksf'k;u fje ,lksfl,'ku Q‚j jhtuy dksv‚ijs'ku dh LFkkiuk gqbZA blds vfrfjä fcElVsd dh LFkkiuk Hkh
o"kZ&1997 esa gqbZA o"kZ 2000 esa xaxk&esdkax ifj;kstuk dks vkxs c<+k;k x;kA fM;kxks xkf'kZ;k esa igys gh vesfjdk dk
lSfud vìk cuk gqvk gSA ,slk ekuk tk jgk gS fd 21 oha 'krkCnh esa vesfjdk ds vfrfjä phu vkSj Hkkjr fgan
egklkxj esa çfrLi/kkZ cuk, j[kus okys ewy ns'k gksx
a sA Hkkjr ds }kjk Jhyadk] ekynho ds lkFk egRoiw.kZ laca/kksa ij
cy fn;k tk jgk gSA o"kZ 2000 ds ckn Hkkjr dh lqj{kk uhfr esa dbZ egRoiw.kZ cnyko gq,A fgUn egklkxj dh lqj{kk
ds fy, Hkkjr ds vaMeku fudksckj }hi esa ,dh—r lSfud deku dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA vaMeku fudksckj }hi lewg
E;kaekj ds dksdks}hi ls yxHkx 60 fdeh- nwj gS rFkk baMksusf'k;k ls djhc 150 fdeh nwj gS] tcfd Hkkjr ls bldh
nwjh rdjhcu 1200 fdeh- gS rFkk vesfjdk] flaxkiqj] vkLVªfs y;k ,oa tkiku tSls ns'kksa ds lkFk ekykckj lSfud
vH;kl Hkh vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA blds vfrfjä Hkkjr ds }kjk vkfl;u ns'kksa ds lkFk Hkh lSfud vH;kl vk;ksftr
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fd;k tk jgk gSA o"kZ 2008 esa Hkkjr ds }kjk bafM;u vksfl;u usoy flaiksft;e dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k] ftlesa fgan
egklkxj esa fLFkr lHkh ns'kksa ds ukS lsukvksa dks vkilh lg;ksx ,oa fopkj&foe'kZ ds fy, vkeaf=r fd;k x;kA
fgan egklkxj esa Hkkjr ds }kjk ekykckj] ukSlSfud vH;kl dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA bl lSfud vH;kl dh vkjafHkd
'kq:vkr o"kZ&1992 esa 'kq: gqbZ Fkh] ijarq bl lSfud vH;kl dks o"kZ 2002 ds ckn çHkkoh Lo:i çnku fd;k x;k
rFkk blesa vesfjdk] tkiku] flaxkiqj] vkLVªfs y;k tSls ns'kksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA tkiku ds bl lSfud vH;kl esa
'kkfey gksus ij phu ds }kjk vkifÙk ntZ dh xbZA phu ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr vU; egk'kfä;ksa ds lkFk feydj phu dks
?ksjus dh uhfr viuk jgk gSA Hkkjr ds vuqlkj] bl lSfud vH;kl ds }kjk leqæh MdSrh] vkradokn] u'khyh nokvksa
dh rLdjh jksdus dk ç;Ru fd;k tk jgk gSA orZeku esa fgan egklkxj esa 'kkafr ,oa lqj{kk cuk, j[kus ds fy,
vkLVªfs y;k] flaxkiqj baMksusf'k;k] tkiku rFkk vesfjdk ds lkFk leqæh lqj{kk ds eqís ij lg;ksx fd;k tk jgkA gS-
ftlds }kjk leqæh MdSfr;ksa dks fu;af=r fd;k tk,xkA leqæh {ks= esa vkink ,oa jkg dk;ksZa dk lapkyu gksx kA [kkst
vfHk;ku esa ,d&nwljs dk lg;ksx fd;k tk,xk vkSj lHkh ns'k bl eqís ij lger gS fd leqæh lapkj ekxZ dks [kqyk
j[kk tk,A
ç'kkar egklkxjh; }hiksa ds ns'kksa dk lEesyu
Hkkjrh; fons'k uhfr esa leqæ ,oa leqæh lapkj ekxksZa ij fu;a=.k ds fy, vusd mik; fd, tk jgs gS rFkk
ç/kkuea=h ds }kjk o"kZ&2014 esa fQth dh ;k=k ds nkSjku ç'kkar egklkxj ns'kksa ds lEesyu dk fopkj fd;k x;k vkSj
buesa 14 }hi 'kkfey gSaA o"kZ&2015 esa bu ns'kksa dh igyh cSBd t;iqj esa vk;ksftr gqbZA blds }kjk bu ns'kksa ds
chp —f"k] [kk| çlaLdj.k] eNyh ikyu] lkSj ÅtkZ] Vsyh esfMflu] Vsyh ,tqds'ku] varfj{k lg;ksx rFkk tyok;q
ifjorZu vkSj bZ&usVofdaZx dh {ks= esa lg;ksx dks c<+kok fn;kA bu ns'kksa ds ukxfjdksa dks Hkkjr esa *ohtk v‚u
,sjkboy* dh lqfo/kk nh tk,xhA rFkk lLrs _.k çnku fd, tk,axsA blds vfrfjä Xykscy okfeaZx dk lkeuk djus
ds fy, fo'ks"k rduhdh lgk;rk rFkk {kerk fuekZ.k esa lg;ksx fd;k tk,xk rFkk Xykscy okfeax dk lkeuk djus ds
fy, ,d fo'ks"k dks"k dk Hkh fuekZ.k gksxkA
Hkkjr ds }kjk bu ns'kksa ds lkFk O;kikfjd ,oa vkfFkZd laca/kksa dks lq –<+ djus dk ç;Ru fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj
blls Hkh c<+dj bu ns'kksa esa phu ds c<+rs çHkko dks çfrlarqfyr djus dk ç;Ru fd;k tk jgk gSA phu ds }kjk bu
egklkxjh; ns'kksa dks cM+h vkfFkZd lgk;rk çnku dh tk jgh gS rFkk fQth dks lcls cM+h vkfFkZd lgk;rk nsu s okyk
ns'k phu gSA vkSj dksdks}hi dks nwljh lcls cM+h ek=k esa lgk;rk nsus okyk ns'k phu gS ikiqvk U;wfxuh] leks;k vkSj
Vksx
a k dks Hkh phu ds }kjk vkfFkZd lgk;rk nh tkrh gSA phu ds }kjk fQth dks nh xbZ vkfFkZd lgk;rk vkLVªfs y;k
vkSj tkiku ls Hkh T;knk gSA phu ds }kjk o"kZ 2015 esa bu egklkxjh; ns'kksa dk lEesyu vk;ksftr fd;k x;k rFkk
phu }kjk 55 fcfy;u ;wvku dh vkfFkZd lgk;rk bu ns'kksa dks çnku fd;k x;kA bu egklkxjh; }hiksa esa Hkkjr Hkh
viuk çHkko csgrj djus dk ç;Ru dj jgk gS vkSj ç'kkar egklkxj {ks= esa orZeku esa Hkkjr ds laca/k vkLVªs fy;k]
tkiku ,oa vesfjdk tSls ns'kksa ds lkFk vR;f/kd e/kqj fe=rkiw.kZ gSa ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd fQth esa cM+h la[;k esa
Hkkjrh; ewy ds yksxksa dk fuokl gS] ftlls Hkkjr dk bl ns'k esa oSpkfjd çHkko cuk gqvk gSA gSaA
,f'k;k ç'kkr {ks= esa vesfjdk] :l] tkiku] vkLVªfs y;k dk ijaijkxr :i esa çHkko jgk gS vkSj phu ds }kjk vius
çHkko dk yxkrkj foLrkj fd;k tk jgk gS rFkk Hkkjr ds }kjk Hkh bl {ks= esa vius çHkko dks LFkkfir djus dk ç;Ru
fd;k tk jgk gSA bl {ks= esa ns'kksa esa fQth dk vR;f/kd egRo gS - blds vfrfjä bl {ks= esa vusd NksVs&NksVs ns'k
gS] ftlesa rqvkyw] uh:] fdjhckrh ckuqrkm] lksykseu }hi] iykÅ] ek'kZy}hi ekbØksusf'k;k rFkk U;wfxuh 'kkfey gSA

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 MkW0 la/;k flag &vrqy dqekj 12521
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Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr

oSf'od egkekjh COVID-19 ds nkSj esa iwjk fo'o LokLF; laca/kh pqukSfr;ksa ds lkFk gh fo'o O;oLFkk esa gks
jgs ifjorZuksa ls tw> jgk gSA fo'o dh cM+h vFkZO;oLFkk,¡ dksjksuk ok;jl dh mRifÙk dks ysdj ,d-nwljs ij
nks"kkjksi.k dj jgh gSa rks ogha phu bl oSf'od ladV dh ?kM+h esa Hkh vius iM+kslh ns'kksa dh lhekvksa dk vfrØe.k
djus dk ç;kl dj jgk gSA phu dh uhfr fo'o jktuhfr esa vius çHkko vkSj 'kfä dks c<+kus ds mís'; ls ifjpkfyr
gSA tks nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa Hkkjr ds fy;s leL;k mRiUu dj jgh gSA
phu ds mdlkos esa gh usiky us u, uD'ks dks viukdj Hkkjr ds lkFk lhek fookn dks iquthZfor dj fn;k
gSA Jhyadk] phu ds _.k tky esa Q¡lk gqvk gS vkSj phu ij fuHkZj gks pqdk gSA ukxfjdrk ¼la'kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e]
2019 ds ckn Hkkjr ds çfr ckaXykns'k ds :[k esa Hkh ifjorZu ns[kk tk jgk gSA orZeku esa vQxkfuLrku ,d cM+s
laØe.k ds nkSj ls xqtj jgk gS vkSj Hkkjr dk cgqnyh; okrkZ ls ckgj gksuk fpark dk fo"k; gSA ikfdLrku ij
j.kuhfrd c<+r gkfly djus ds fy;s Hkkjr dh vQxkfuLrku esa ekStwnxh vfr vko';d gSA if'pe ,f'k;k esa bZjku
us Hkh Hkkjr }kjk pkcgkj canjxkg ds fodkl esa dh tk jgh nsjh ij ukjktxh O;ä dh gSA
bu pqukSfr;ksa ds ckotwn Hkkjr us fiNys dqN o"kksZa esa fons'k uhfr ds {ks= esa viuh fLFkfr dks etcwr fd;k gSA orZeku
esa Hkkjr] fo'o ds yxHkx lHkh eapksa ij viuh mifLFkfr ntZ djk jgk gS vkSj vf/kdka'k cgqi{kh; laLFkkuksa esa mldh
fLFkfr etcwr gks jgh gSA
fons'k uhfr ls rkRi;Z
fons'k uhfr ,d <k¡pk gS ftlds Hkhrj fdlh ns'k dh ljdkj, ckgjh nqfu;k ds lkFk vius laca/kksa dks vyx-
vyx Lo:iksa ;kuh f}i{kh;, {ks=h; vkSj cgqi{kh; :i esa lapkfyr djrh gSA
ogha dwVuhfr fdlh ns'k dh fons'k uhfr dks çkIr djus dh –f"V ls fo'o ds vU; ns'kksa ds lkFk laca/kksa dks çcaf/kr
djus dk ,d dkS'ky gSA
fdlh Hkh ns'k dh fons'k uhfr dk fodkl ?kjsyw jktuhfr, vU; ns'kksa dh uhfr;ksa ;k O;ogkj ,oa fof'k"V Hkw-
jktuhfrd ifj–';ksa ls çHkkfor gksrk gSA
'kq#vkr ds fnuksa esa ;g ekuk x;k fd fons'k uhfr iw.kZr% fons'kh dkjdksa vkSj Hkw -jktuhfrd ifj–';ksa ls
çHkkfor gksrh gS, ijarq ckn esa fo'ks"kKksa us ;g ekuk fd fons'k uhfr ds fu/kkZj.k esa ?kjsyw dkjd Hkh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk
fuHkkrs gSaA
Hkkjrh; fons'k uhfr dk fLVªx
a v‚Q iyZ~l ij çHkko
2007 esa] Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk us *Hkkjrh; leqæh fl)kar* çdkf'kr fd;k] tks laHkkfor Hkkjrh; ukSlSfud j.kuhfr;ksa
dks js[kkafdr djus okyk ,d nLrkost gSA ;g gkseqZt tyMe:e/; ls eyDdk tyMe:e/; rd ,d lfØ; Hkkjrh;
ukSlSfud mifLFkfr dh egRokdka{kkvksa dk o.kZu djrk gSA blds vykok] fl)kar fo'ks"k :i ls fgan egklkxj O;kikj
ds varjjk"Vªh; f'kfiax ysu vkSj fu;a=.k pksd fcanqvksa dh iqfyl dh vko';drk dk Li"V mYys[k djrk gSA 2007 esa]
Hkkjr us mÙkjh esMkxkLdj esa viuh nwljh fons'kh lSU; lquokbZ iksLV [kksyh] ftldk mís'; ekstkfEcd pSuy ds
ek/;e ls f'kfiax xfrfof/k;ksa dh csgrj fuxjkuh djuk FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj us mlh bjkns ls] Hkkjrh; fuxjkuh foeku
ds fy, ,d gokbZ iêh ds fuekZ.k ds laca/k esa e‚fjVkfu;k ds lkFk okrkZ dh estckuh dh gS] lkFk gh ekynho esa jMkj
LVs'kuksa ds fuekZ.k dk vk;kstu fd;k gSA

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 MkW0 la/;k flag &vrqy dqekj 12522
(Pg. 12518-12523)

2011 esa] Hkkjr ljdkj us vkxs ?kks"k.kk dh fd og flÙkos cUnjxkg] cekZ esa ,d xgjs ikuh ds canjxkg dks fuf/k nsxh
;s twu 2013 rd dk;Z'khy gksus ds fy,] 2014 rd iwjk gksus ds fy, canjxkg dks Hkkjr ls tksM+us okys ,d vfrfjä
jktekxZ ds fy,A flÙkos canjxkg ds fuekZ.k dks vDlj nf{k.kiwoZ esa c<+rs phuh çHkko dks larqfyr djus ds fy, Hkkjr
dh vksj ls ,d Bksl j.kuhfr ds çek.k ds :i esa m)`r fd;k tkrk gSA
phu dh rjg] Hkkjr Hkh viuh ÅtkZ t:jrksa ds fy, fons' kh rsy mRikndksa ij cgqr vf/kd fuHkZj gSA Hkkjr
dk yxHkx 89% rsy tgkt ls vkrk gS] vkSj rsy tykus ls Hkkjr dh yxHkx 33% ÅtkZ t:jrsa iwjh gksrh gSaA
blfy, lapkj dh çeq[k leqæh ykbuksa dh lqj{kk dks ,d vkfFkZd vfuok;Zrk ds :i esa ekU;rk nh xbZ gSA bl laca/k
es]a Hkkjr us ,sfrgkfld :i ls fgan egklkxj esa leqæh MdSrh vkSj vkradokn fojks/kh ç;klksa ij cgqr vf/kd /;ku
dsfa ær fd;k gSA buesa ls lcls mYys[kuh; v‚ijs'ku vkbySaM o‚p gS] tks 2010 esa lksekyh leqæh yqVjs ksa ds f[kykQ
Hkkjr ds if'peh leqæh rV ij x'r djus dk ç;kl gSA
fgan egklkxj esa leqæh MdSrh
buesa ls dbZ vkradokn&jks/kh vkSj leqæh MdSrh fojks/kh ç;kl vesfjdh cyksa ds lkFk leUo; esa fd, x, gSa]
gkykafd Hkkjrh; vf/kdkfj;ksa us ikjaifjd :i ls la;qä lSU; vH;klksa dks lkekU; fgrksa dh igy rd lhfer j[kk gS]
vDlj os la;qä jk"Vª dh eatwjh ds rgr gksrs gSaA fQj Hkh] nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa bLykeh vkradokn ds [krjs dk eqdkcyk
djus esa vesfjdk ds u, fgr us Hkkjr vkSj la;qä jkT; vesfjdk dks vkSj vf/kd Bksl lSU; lg;ksx dh vksj /kdsy
fn;k gSA vesfjdh lSU; vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj j.kuhfrdkjksa ds fy,] bl c<+rs f}i{kh; laca/k dks O;kid :i ls phuh
{ks=h; vkf/kiR; ds [krjksa ds çfrlarqyu ds volj ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk gSA c<+rh phuh 'kfä ds f[kykQ f}i{kh;
lg;ksx ds ç;klksa dks yksdfç; vk'kadkvksa ls cy feyk gS fd fgan egklkxj esa phu dh foLrkfjr mifLFkfr ls Hkkjr
dh vkfFkZd vkSj lSU; lqj{kk dks [krjk gSA gsfjVst QkmaMs'ku ds ,d mYys[kuh; phu fo'ks"kK Mhu psx a us –<+rk ls
vkxzg fd;k gS fd fgan egklkxj esa phu ds çHkko dk eqdkcyk djus ds fy, la;qä jkT; vesfjdk Hkkjr ds lkFk
lk>snkjh djuk tkjh j[ksA
milagkj
nf{k.k phu lkxj] fgan egklkxj vkSj vkfl;ku ns'kksa ds lkFk phuh c<+rs çHkko vkSj blds fooknkLin {ks=h;]
jktuf;d ;k okf.kfT;d eqíksa dk eqdkcyk djus ds fy, *usdysl v‚Q Mk;eaM~l* ds :i esa tkuh tkus okyh
j.kuhfr A ;g j.kuhfr fo'ks"k :i ls eksfr;ksa dh Mksjh vkSj U;w flYd :V dk eqdkcyk djus ds fy, gSA Hkkjr
la;qä lsuk] ok;q lsuk vkSj ukSlsuk vH;kl djus ds fy, fo;ruke] vkseku] baMksusf'k;k] tkiku] eaxksfy;k] flaxkiqj]
ls'ksYl vkSj lHkh ikap e/; ,f'k;kbZ x.kjkT;ksa ds lkFk laca/kksa dks etcwr djrk gSA ghjs ds gkj esa ukSlsuk ds fBdkuksa
dk fodkl] gokbZ xfy;kjk] cgqi{kh; O;kikj dk ?keaM 'kkfey gSA eksfr;ksa dh fLVªx a dks dqN Hkkjrh; fVIi.khdkjksa
}kjk phu dh lykeh Lykbflax j.kuhfr dh vfHkO;fä ds :i esa ekuk tkrk gS A
lUnHkZ lwph
*eqíksa vkSj var–Zf"V| ç'kkar Qksje* A A ewy ls 22 fnlacj 2018 dks laxgz hr fd;k x;k A 22 fnlacj 2018 dks fy;k x;k A
*;gka og lc gS tks vkidks *eksfr;ksa dh ekyk* ds ckjs esa tkuuk pkfg,] phu dh Hkkjr dks ?ksjus dh uhfr* A
^, ch fyaVuj] cfVZy ¼15 vçSy 2019½A lcls egaxk eksrh% Hkkjr ds egklkxj ds fy, phu dk la?k"kZ A v‚DlQksMZ ;wfuojflfV
çslA vkbZ,lch,u 978&1&78738&239&8-
^nÙkk] çHkk"k ds- ¼15 twu 2017½A *D;k phu okLro esa Hkkjr dks vius eksfr;ksa dh ekyk ls ?ksj ldrk gS\ ,f'k;k dk egku [ksy*
A bafM;k VqMs A ewy ls 23 tuojh 2019 dks laxzghr A
^VkbEl] ;wjsf'k;u ¼31 ekpZ 2018½A "phu dh "fLVªax v‚Q iyZ~l" ds ifj.kkeLo:i fgan egklkxj esa Hkkjr dk igyk uqdlku
gqvk" A ;wjfs 'k;u VkbEl% uohure ,f'k;kbZ] e/;&iwoZ] ;wjfs 'k;u] Hkkjrh; lekpkj A
[kqjkuk] xqjçhr ,l fgan egklkxj vkSj bldh lqj{kk ds çHkko esa phu ds 'eksrh dh fLVªax laxzghr 1 vçSy 2019 ij oscSd
e'khu j.kuhfrd fo'ys"k.k 32 ¼1½ Qjojh 2008] 1&39A
vkbZ JhokLro] laLdkj ¼1 twu 2013½A *bafM;u fLVªax v‚Q iyZ~l* vufLVªfa xax *pkbuht fLVªax v‚Q iyZ~l F;ksjh* A n oyZ~M
fjiksVZj A ewy ls 19 fnlacj 2017 dks laxgz hr fd;k x;k A 4 twu 2013 dks fy;k x;k A

Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
 MkW0 la/;k flag &vrqy dqekj 12523
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2005 dks fy;k ij 4 ebZ 2013A
lh jktk eksgu ¼28 uoacj 2012½A Hkkjr&ç'kkar esa phu&Hkkjrh; çfr}af}rk A fdaXl baLVhVîw'ku çsl] 2012- ISBN
978&0870033063-
isgjlu] fØLVksQj ts- fLVªax v‚Q iyZ~l: ehfVax n pkSyt sa v‚Q pkbukt jkbftax ikoj vØ‚l n ,f'k;u fyVksjyA laxgz hr
Qjojh 2013 20 ij oscSd e'khu ] *lqj{kk j.kuhfr esa dykZ, i=ksa*] tqykbZ 2006 4 ebZ 2013 dks çkIr fd;k x;kA
phu pkgsxa s dHkh vkf/kiR; us 'kks/k laxzghr 4 ekpZ o"kZ 2016 oscSd e'khu ] *flUgqvk lekpkj ,tsl a h* chftax] 23 vçSy 2009 4
ebZ 2013 dks çkIr fd;k x;kA
cdys] fØl; ek;lZ] LVhou yh ¼18 fnlacj 2018½A *dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds fu;a=.k dk cpko djus okys 'kh ftufiax ds Hkk"k.k ds
4 va'k* A n U;w;‚dZ VkbEl A vkbZ,l,l,u 0362&4331 A
*phu ds fons'kksa esa canjxkgksa dk c<+rk lkezkT; eq[; :i ls O;kikj ds ckjs esa gS] vkØe.k ugha* A vFkZ'kkL=h A 8 twu 2013A
21 ebZ 2017 dks ewy ls laxgz hr A
^MsfoM CkLVjA *fc;‚UM n fLVªax v‚Q iyZ~l% D;k fgan egklkxj esa okLro esa ,d lqj{kk nqfo/kk gS\* - 11 vxLr 2014 dks fy;k
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O;kikj vkSj çHkko*A
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