IAS fizfyEl

VsLV lhjhT+k&2023
lkekU; vè;;u vkSj lhlSV
fganh vkSj vaxzsT+kh nksuksa ekè;e esa
izkjaHk

11
flracj
vkWuykbu vkSj vkWQykbu

2022
'kqYd% `10,000/-
(n`f"V ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s 'kqYd% `7,500/-)

lajpuk
25 GS
dqy 30 VsLV~l
5 CSAT

18 lsD'kuy VsLV~l laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe VsLV~l

2 fjoh”ku VsLV~l
5 laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe VsLV~l

esu vkWfQl % 641] izFke ry] MkW- eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&110009

VsLV lhjhT+k lsaVj

eq[kthZ uxj djksy ckx iz;kxjkt t;iqj
o/kZeku dkWEiysDl] 21] iwlk jksM] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] IykWV uacj&45 o 45&A g"kZ
usg: fogkj] fudV djksy ckx] flfoy ykbUl] Vkoj&2] esu Vksad jksM]
eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh ubZ fnYyh iz;kxjkt olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
  LVsfVd ,oa djsaV vQs;lZ dh lk>k rS;kjh dSls djsa\
 dSls lqfuf'pr djsa fd 28 ebZ] 2023 ls igys iwjs ikB~;Øe dk fjohT+ku
de&ls&de rhu ckj fd;k tk pqdk gks\
 ijh{kk gkWy esa ekufld ,oa euksoSKkfud larqyu dSls cuk, j[ksa\
 dbZ ç'uksa dks LekVZ&VsfDuDl (elimination method, avoiding the
extremes, etc) ls lgh djus dk vH;kl dSls djsa\

fç; fo|kfFkZ;ks]
mi;qZDr ç'uksa dks ;wih,llh flfoy lsok ijh{kk dk dksbZ Hkh xaHkhj fo|kFkhZ u”kjvank”k ugha dj ldrkA vkidk p;u bu ç'uksa ds lVhd
mÙkj lkèk ldus dh vkidh ;ksX;rk ij gh fuHkZj djrk gSA
n`f"V laLFkku us f'k{k.k vkSj ekxZn'kZu ds vius o"kks± ds vuqHko ds vkèkkj ij bUgha ç'uksa ds lekèkku gsrq n`f"V fizfyEl VsLV lhjh”k&2023
dks rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA ijh{kk dh rS;kjh dks vkSj csgrj cukus gsrq ge vkidks bl dk;ZØe esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy;s vkeaf=kr djrs gSaA

n`f"V fizfyEl VsLV lhjh”k dh çeq• fo'ks"krk,¡%

flfoy
z lsok ijh{kk ds laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe dk ekud cgqfodYih; ç'uksa (MCQs) ds ekè;e ls O;kid dojstA
lsD'kuy VsLV~l ds ekè;e ls ,d fuf'pr le; esa lHkh fo"k;ksa dks vPNs ls doj djus dh lqfoèkk rFkk fo"k;okj çxfr dk vkdyuA
z
tuojh 2022 ls ekpZ 2023 rd ds iwjs djsaV viQs;lZ dk O;kid :i ls dojs”kA
z
rF;kRed rFkk voèkkj.kkRed& nksuksa çdkj ds ç'uksa dh lekuqikfrd mifLFkfrA
z
lgh mÙkj ds pquko dh fofHkUu ;qfDr;ksa] tSls& xyr fodYiksa dks gVkuk (,fyfeus'ku esFkM)] fof'k"V 'kCnksa dh igpku ls mÙkj rd
z
igq¡puk vkfn] ds ç;ksx dk vH;klA
csgrj le;&çcaèku rFkk ijh{kk ds ekufld ncko ij fu;a=k.k dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, rS;kj fd;s x, VsLVA
z
vH;fFkZ;ksa dks çn'kZu fo'ys"k.k] •aMokj fo'ys"k.k] dfBurk ds Lrj dk fo'ys"k.k] vf•y Hkkjrh; jSad] VkWilZ ls rqyuk] ,dhÑr Ldksj
z
dkMZ] ç'uksa dh çÑfr ,oa dfBurk ds vkèkkj ij ekWd VsLV isij dk fo'ys"k.k vkfn lqfoèkk,¡A
çn'kZu
z dk lrr~ ewY;kadu ,oa j.kuhfr esa lqèkkj ykus dk voljA
fo"k;ksa
z dh lkjxfHkZr ,oa xgu le> rFkk ijh{kk gsrq egÙoiw.kZ fo"k;ksa dh igpku gsrq ekWd ç'uksa dh foLr`r O;k[;kA

lajpuk%
n`f"V fizfyEl VsLV lhjh”k&2023 esa dqy 30 VsLV~l gSa] ftuesa 25 lkekU; vè;;u rFkk 5 lhlSV ds VsLV~l 'kkfey gksaxsA

18 lsD'kuy VsLV~l

25 GS 2 fjohT+ku VsLV~l

5 laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe VsLV~l

30
VsLV~l

5 CSAT laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe VsLV~l

2
 foxr X;kjg o"kks± ds flfoy lsok çkjafHkd ijh{kk i=ksa ds fo'ys"k.k ds vk/kkj ij
lkekU; vè;;u ds fofHkUu [kaMksa dk rqyukRed egÙo
lkekU; vè;;u ds iz'u ikB~;Øe esa 'kkfey fofHkUu [kaMksa@fo"k;ksa ls fdl vuqikr esa iwNs tk,axs] ;g fuf'pr ugha gSA vkerkSj ij bfrgkl]
jktO;oLFkk] ikfjfLFkfrdh o i;kZoj.k] vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj Hkwxksy ls ”;knk iz'u iwNs tkrs gSa] ysfdu 2016 esa blesa vkewypwy ifjorZu ns[kk x;kA
ifjorZu dh ;g ço`fÙk 2022 esa Hkh fo|eku jghA bl rjg] iz'uksa ds vuqikr dh izo`fÙk fcYdqy gh vfuf'pr gSA uhps nh xbZ rkfydk esa vki
ns[k ldrs gSa fd 2012 ls 2022 rd fofHkUu [kaMksa ls iwNs tkus okys iz'uksa dk vuqikr D;k jgk gSA

fo"k; 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Hkkjr dk bfrgkl vkSj
20 16 19 16 16 13 22 16 19 19 14
Lokèkhurk vkanksyu
Hkkjrh; lafoèkku o
21 17 10 13 6 22 13 15 18 17 10
jktO;oLFkk
Hkkjr vkSj fo'o dk Hkwxksy 17 18 20 18 3 8 9 8 6 12 12

ikfjfLFkfrdh] i;kZoj.k vkSj

14 14 20 12 16 17 10 19 20 17 13
tSo&fofoèkrk
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk]
vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd 14 18 11 16 15 29 22 20 23 17 19
fodkl
lkekU; foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh 10 16 12 9 7 3 14 15 12 12 17

djsaV visQ;lZ 04 01 08 16 37 8 10 7 2 6 15

dqy 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

uhps nh xbZ rkfydk esa bl ckr dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd fiNys X;kjg o"kks± esa lhlSV ds fofHkUu [kaMksa ls fdrus&fdrus iz'u iwNs x,
gSaA bls ns[kdj vki vuqeku yxk ldrs gSa fd fdu [kaMksa ij vkidks ”;knk è;ku nsuk pkfg;sA

2012&2022 rd lhlSV esa fofHkUu [kaMksa ls iwNs x, iz'uksa dh la[;k

ikB~;Øe dk [kaM 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
cksèkxE;rk (f}Hkkf"kd) 32 24 26 30 27 30 26 30 25 26 27
vaxzs”kh cksèkxE;rk 8 8 6* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
vkèkkjHkwr la[;;u 3 9 16 20 28 24 17 26 22 21 24
vk¡dM+ksa dk fuoZpu i;kZIrrk 0 5 5 0 0 0 12 10 11 17 17
rdZ'kfDr@fo'ys"k.kkRed
30 28 27 30 25 26 25 14 22 16 12
{kerk
fu.kZ;.k vkSj leL;k
7 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
lek/ku
dqy 80 80 80* 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80

*2014 esa vaxzs”kh cksèkxE;rk ls lacafèkr iz'uksa dh x.kuk ugha dh xbZ Fkh vFkkZr~ dV vkWiQ vad ds fy;s dsoy 74 iz'uksa dk gh ewY;kadu
fd;k x;k FkkA 2015 ls vaxzs”kh cksèkxE;rk ds ç'uksa dks gh gVk fn;k x;k gSA

3
 izkjafHkd ijh{kk VsLV lhjhT+k & 2023 (laiw.kZ dk;ZØe)
dqy VsLV&30 (25 lkekU; vè;;u rFkk 5 lhlSV)

VsLV dksM fnukad ikB~;Øe djsaV vQs;lZ

11 flracj] 2022 Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk tuojh 2022
2301
(jfookj) (,ulhbZvkjVh vkèkkfjr) (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu ekpZ 2022 vad)

18 flracj] 2022 Hkwxksy iQjojh 2022

2302
(jfookj) (,ulhbZvkjVh vkèkkfjr) (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu vizSy 2022 vad)

25 flracj] 2022 bfrgkl ekpZ 2022

2303
('kfuokj) (,ulhbZvkjVh vkèkkfjr) (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu ebZ 2022 vad)

9 vDrwcj] 2022 vFkZO;oLFkk vizSy 2022

2304
(jfookj) (,ulhbZvkjVh vkèkkfjr) (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu twu 2022 vad)

16 vDrwcj] 2022 ebZ 2022

2305 i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh
(jfookj) (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu tqykbZ 2022 vad)

6 uoacj] 2022 twu 2022

2306 foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh
(jfookj) (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu vxLr 2022 vad)

13 uoacj] 2022 tqykbZ 2022

2307 Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk&I $ Hkwxksy&I
(jfookj) (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu flracj 2022 vad)

Hkkjr dk bfrgkl (çkphu ,oa

20 uoacj] 2022 vxLr 2022
2308 eè;dkyhu) $
(jfookj) (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu vDrwcj 2022 vad)
foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh

27 uoacj] 2022
2322* lhlSV&I
(jfookj)

4 fnlacj] 2022 vFkZO;oLFkk $ i;kZoj.k ,oa flracj 2022

2309
(jfookj) ikfjfLFkfrdh (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu uoacj 2022 vad)

11 fnlacj] 2022 vDrwcj 2022

2310 Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk&II $ Hkwxksy&II
(jfookj) (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu fnlacj 2022 vad)

18 fnlacj] 2022 vkèkqfud bfrgkl $ foKku ,oa tuojh 2022

2311
(jfookj) izkS|ksfxdh (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu ekpZ 2022 vad)

24 fnlacj] 2022
2324* lhlSV&II
(jfookj)

1 tuojh] 2023 vFkZO;oLFkk $ i;kZoj.k ,oa tuojh@iQjojh 2022

2312
(jfookj) ikfjfLFkfrdh (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu ekpZ@viSzy 2022 vad)

8 tuojh] 2023 ekpZ@viSzy 2022

2313 Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk
(jfookj) (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu ebZ@twu 2022 vad)

15 tuojh] 2023 (çkphu ,oa eè;dkyhu Hkkjr dk ebZ@twu 2022

2314
(jfookj) bfrgkl) $ dyk ,oa laLÑfr (n`f"V djsVa visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu tqykbZ@vxLr 2023 vad)

*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

4
 22 tuojh] 2023
2326* lhlSV&III
(jfookj)

29 tuojh] 2023 tqykbZ@vxLr 2022

2315 vkèkqfud bfrgkl
(jfookj) (n`f"V djsVa visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu flracj@vDrwcj 2022 vad)

5 iQjojh] 2023 fnlacj 2022

2316 Hkwxksy
(jfookj) (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu iQjojh 2023 vad)

12 iQjojh] 2023 flracj@vDrwcj 2022

2317 vFkZO;oLFkk
(jfookj) (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu iQjojh 2022 vad)

19 iQjojh] 2023
2328* lhlSV&IV
(jfookj)

uoacj@fnlacj 2022
26 iQjojh] 2023 foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh $
2318 (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu tuojh@iQjojh 2023
(jfookj) i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh
vad)

tuojh 2023
5 ekpZ] 2023
2319 vkfFkZd los{Z k.k ,oa bafM;k bZ;j cqd (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu tuojh@iQjojh 2023
(jfookj)
vad)

12 ekpZ] 2023 djsaV viQs;lZ % twu 2022 ls tuojh 2023

2320
(jfookj) (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu % vxLr 2022 ls ekpZ 2023 vad)

19 ekpZ] 2023
2321/22 laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe % lkekU; vè;;u&I / laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe % lhlSV&I
(jfookj)

26 ekpZ] 2023
2323/24 laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe % lkekU; vè;;u&II / laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe % lhlSV&II
(jfookj)

2 vizSy] 2023
2325/26 laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe % lkekU; vè;;u&III / laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe % lhlSV&III
(jfookj)

9 vizSy] 2023
2327/28 laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe % lkekU; vè;;u&IV / laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe % lhlSV&IV
(jfookj)

16 vizSy] 2023
2329/30 laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe % lkekU; vè;;u&V / laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe % lhlSV&V
(jfookj)
*uksV % lhlSV VsLV~l (dksM la[;k 2322, 2324, 2326, 2328) 27 uoacj] 2022 ls 19 iQjojh] 2023 ds chp vFkok 19 ekpZ] 2023 ls 16 vizSy]
2023 ds chp dk;ZØe esa mfYyf[kr frfFk;ksa ij fn;s tk ldrs gSaA
ftu fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lhlSV isij dh viuh rS;kjh ij la'k; gks] os uoacj 2022 ls gh dk;ZØekuqlkj bu VsLV~l dks nsuk izkjaHk djds viuh rS;kjh
dk Lrj tku ldrs gSa ,oa le; jgrs mlesa lq/kj dj ldrs gSaA tks fo|kFkhZ viuh rS;kjh dks ysdj vk'oLr gSa] os bu VsLV~l dks viuh lqfoèkkuqlkj
dHkh Hkh ns ldrs gSaA ;g Hkh laHko gS fd dqN lhlSV VsLV~l igys ns fn;s tk,¡ vkSj ckdh ckn esaA
è;ku jgs fd dksbZ Hkh fo|kFkhZ lhlSV VsLV~l dks vU; VsLV~l dh rjg ,d gh ckj ns ldrk gSA blfy;s viuh rS;kjh ds Lrj ,oa
viuh lqfo/k ds vuqlkj lhlSV VsLV~l nsus dh rkjh[k r; djsaA

*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

5
 foLr`r ikB~;Øe
VsLV dksM 2301 VsLV dksM 2304
Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk vFkZO;oLFkk
,ulhbZvkjVh ,ulhbZvkjVh
d{kk VI%
z lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd thou&I d{kk XI%
z vFkZ'kkL=k (Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd fodkl)
d{kk
z VII% lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd thou&II
d{kk XII%
z lef"V vFkZ'kkL=k ,d ifjp; (iw.kZ)
d{kk
z VIII% lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd thou&III
d{kk XII%
z O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k (dsoy çklafxd fo"k;)
d{kk
z IX% yksdrkaf=kd jktuhfr Hkkx&1
d{kk
z X% yksdrkaf=kd jktuhfr Hkkx&2 djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (vizSy 2022)
d{kk
z XI% jktuhfrd fl¼kar
d{kk
z XI% Hkkjr dk lafo/ku fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
VsLV dksM 2305
d{kk
z XII% Lora=k Hkkjr esa jktuhfr i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh
d{kk
z XII% ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr
,ulhbZvkjVh
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (tuojh 2022)
d{kk
z 12oha tho foKku & çklafxd vè;k;
VsLV dksM 2302 d{kk
z 11oha jlk;u foKku (Hkkx II) & vè;k; 14
Hkwxksy djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (ebZ 2022)
,ulhbZvkjVh
d{kk VI%
z i`Foh] gekjk vkokl
VsLV dksM 2306
d{kk
z VII% gekjk i;kZoj.k foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh
d{kk
z VIII% lalkèku vkSj fodkl
,ulhbZvkjVh
d{kk
z IX% ledkyhu Hkkjr&I
d{kk
z X% ledkyhu Hkkjr&II
d{kk VI%
z foKku d{kk XI%
z tho foKku
d{kk
z XI% HkkSfrd Hkwxksy ds ewy fl¼kar d{kk VII%
z foKku d{kk XII%
z tho foKku
d{kk
z XI% Hkkjr% HkkSfrd i;kZoj.k d{kk VIII%
z foKku d{kk XI%
z jlk;u foKku
d{kk
z XII% Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy d{kk IX%
z foKku d{kk XII%
z jlk;u foKku
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (Qjojh 2022) d{kk X%
z foKku

VsLV dksM 2303 djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (twu 2022)

bfrgkl VsLV dksM 2307

,ulhbZvkjVh
d{kk VI%
z gekjk vrhr&I
Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk&I $ Hkwxksy&I
d{kk
z VII% gekjk vrhr&II Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk ,oa 'kklu (Hkkx&I)
d{kk
z VIII% gekjk vrhr&III (Hkkx&I vkSj II) jktuhfrd
z ç.kkfy;k¡ % voèkkj.kk,¡] :i rFkk çdkj
d{kk
z IX% Hkkjr vkSj ledkyhu fo'o&I Hkkjrh;
z lafoèkku%
d{kk
z X% Hkkjr vkSj ledkyhu fo'o&II ,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe
™ lafoèkku
™ fuekZ.k ,oa mlds n'kZu
d{kk
z XII% Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds dqN fo"k;&I
lafoèkku
z dh çeq• fo'ks"krk,¡%
d{kk
z XII% Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds dqN fo"k;&II
çLrkouk
™ ewy
™ vfèkdkj ,oa ewy dÙkZO;
d{kk
z XII% Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds dqN fo"k;&III la?k dk {ks=k
™ jkT;
™ ds uhfr&funs'kd rÙo
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (ekpZ 2022) ukxfjdrk
™ la'kksèku dh çfØ;k
™
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

6
 lafoèkku
™ dh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk% vkikrdkyhu çkoèkku
™ egÙoiw.kZ pj.kksa esa lfEefyr gSa %
z
lalnh; O;oLFkk
™ laoSèkkfud vkSj xSj&laoSèkkfud
™ ™ çkxSfrgkfld dky (ik"kk.k dky] rkez&ik"kk.k dky)
la?kh; O;oLFkk dh çÑfr
™ fudk; (lkafofèkd] fu;ked ™ çkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl (egÙo] i`"BHkwfe] HkkSxksfyd forj.k ,oa
dsæa &jkT; lacèa k vkSj varjkZT;h;
™ ,oa fofHkUu vèkZ & U;kf;d fo'ks"krk,¡)
lacaèk fudk;) gM+Iik@flaèkq
™ ?kkVh lH;rk
Hkkjr vkSj fo'o dk HkkSfrd Hkwxksy (Hkkx&I) oSfnd dky
™ (½XoSfnd ls mÙkj&oSfnd pj.k rd% lekt] vFkZO;oLFkk]
jktuhfrd O;oLFkk] èkeZ] fopkjèkkjk,¡)_ oSfnd bfrgkl ds lzksr
Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy (HkkSfrd Hkwxksy)%
z egktuin (exèk] dksly] o`fTt bR;kfn)
™
™ vofLFkfr] {ks=k vkSj lhek,¡ èkkfeZd lqèkkj (tSu èkeZ] ckS¼ èkeZ vkfn dk mn;)
™
™ lajpuk ,oa mPpkop % Hkw&vkÑfrd foHkktu& ioZr] Hkkjrh; eSnkuh iwoZ&ekS;Z dky (g;Zd] f'k'kqukx] uan oa'k vkfn)
™
{ks=k] çk;}hih; iBkj ,oa Hkkjrh; }hi iQkjlh rFkk eslsMksfu;u vkØe.k] dyk rFkk laLÑfr ij çHkko
™
rkieku] ncko] ok;q vkSj o"kkZ dk LFkkfud ,oa vLFkk;h forj.kA
™ (mnkgj.k& xkaèkkj 'kSyh] xzhd&ckS¼ laLÑfr)
Hkkjrh; viokg ra=k % fgeky;h rFkk çk;}hih; viokg ra=k
™ ekS;Z dky vkSj ekS;kZsÙkj dky] laxe dky
™
Hkkjrh; tyok;q (ekulwu) % {ks=kh; ekSle] tyok;q vkSj ½rq,]¡ pØokr]
™ eè;&,f'k;kbZ vkØe.k (baMksxzhd] 'kd] igyoh] dq"kk.k)
™
o"kkZ çk:i] Hkkjr ds tyok;q {ks=k xqIr dky vkSj xqIrksÙkj dky (g"kZoèkZu vkfn)
™
ikni vkSj i'kq thou] çkÑfrd ouLifr {ks=kh; fHkUurk
™ nf{k.k ,oa if'pe Hkkjr ds jkT; (lkrokgu] iYyo] pkyqD;] ikaMÔ
™
ou rFkk mudk forj.k] ou laj{k.k
™ vkfn)
i;kZoj.k laj{k.k% ,Dl&lhVw] bu&lhVw&ck;ksLiQh;j fj”kZo] jk"Vªh; m|ku]
™ Hkkjr dk bfrgkl (eè;dkyhu)
oU; tohu vHk;kj.k vkSj laxBuA
e`nk ds çdkj] {ks=kh; fHkUurk,¡ rFkk laj{k.k
™ eè;dkyhu
z Hkkjr ds dkykuqØfed ,sfrgkfld fodkl ij iQksdl
çkÑfrd •rjs o vkink,¡ rFkk vkink çcaèku
™ fofHkUu dkyksa ds 'kkld& jktoa'k rFkk muds 'kklu esa gq, lkekftd]
z
Hkkjrh; Hkwxksy ekufp=k dk;Z
™ jktuhfrd] ç'kklfud] vkfFkZd] èkkfeZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd fodkl
fo'o dk Hkwxksy (HkkSfrd Hkwxksy)%
z egÙoiw.kZ pj.kksa esa lfEefyr gSa %
z
™ izklafxd ledkyhu HkkSxksfyd eqn~nksa] ?kVukvksa rFkk ekufp=k dk;Z ds ™ vkjafHkd eè; dky % mÙkj Hkkjr lkezkT; (f=ki{kh; la?k"kZ& iky]
lkFk&lkFk çfrgkj] jk"VªdwV)] nf{k.k Hkkjr lkezkT; (pksy jktoa'k] psj jktoa'k]
i`Foh rFkk czãkaM] i`Foh dk vkarfjd Hkkx
™ ikaMÔ jktoa'k)
egk}hiksa dk vkdkj] egk}hih; foLFkkiu] Tokykeq•h] Hkwdai
™ ™ eè;;qxhu vkØe.k (x”kuh] xksjh vkfn)
i`Foh dh xfr;k¡&IysV foorZfudh] leqæ ry çlkj
™ ™ fnYyh lYrur (ekeyqd lqYrku] f[kyth oa'k] rqxyd oa'k] lSÕ;n
LFkykÑfr;k¡] vi{k;] o`gn~ {kj.k ,oa vijnu
™ oa'k rFkk yksnh oa'k)
fo'o tyok;q] tyok;q oxhZdj.k % dksisu
™ ™ fot;uxj vkSj cgeuh lkezkT;
ok;qeaMy] xzgh; vkSj LFkkuh; gok,¡
™ ™ lkaLÑfrd rFkk èkkfeZd vkanksyu% HkfDr vkanksyu] lwiQh vkanksyu
Å"ek ctV rFkk Åijh ok;qeaMyh; ifj?kVuk,¡
™ ™ viQxku] jktiwr] lwj] eqxy oa'k rFkk opZLo dh yM+kbZ vkSj ikuhir
egklkxj] leqæ vkSj yo.krk] egklkxjksa dh furyh; LFkykÑfr
™ dk ;q¼
egklkxjksa dh xfr;k¡ % egklkxjh; èkkjk,¡] Tokj] ygjsa
™ ™ nf{k.k jkT;ksa dk mn; ,oa iru % vgenuxj] chtkiqj] xksydksaMk
tyfo|qr pØ] rkieku forj.k rFkk çoky ,oa lacafèkr ifj?kVuk,¡
™ ™ eqxy lkezkT; dk iru rFkk fl•] tkV] viQxku] ejkBk vkfn dk
çkÑfrd ouLifr] i;kZoj.k dk laj{k.k % ckáLFkkus] LoLFkkus&tSoeaMy
™ mn;
fj”koZ] jk"Vªh; m|ku] oU;tho vHk;kj.; ,oa laLFkku dyk ,oa laLÑfr
e`nk rFkk bldh lajpuk] e`nk ds çdkj] vijnu ,oa laj{k.k] çkÑfrd
™
•rjs vkSj vkink,¡ çkphu]
z eè;dkyhu ,oa vkèkqfud Hkkjr esa dyk (fHkfÙk&fp=k dyk]
,f'k;k] vÚhdk] mÙkjh vesfjdk] nf{k.k vesfjdk] vaVkdZfVdk] ;wjksi
™ ewfrZdyk] fp=kdkjh] dBiqryh] laxhr] u`R;)] okLrqdyk] Hkk"kk] èkeZ o
vkSj vkWLVªsfy;k egk}hih; fo'ks"krk,¡ ,oa ekufp=k dk;Z n'kZu'kkL=k rFkk foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh ij iQksdl
™ okLrqdyk % flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk] ekS;Z okLrqdyk] 'kqax] dq"kk.k] lkrokgu
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (tqykbZ 2022) vkSj xqIr dky esa okLrqdyk] eafnj okLrqdyk] fdys ,oa edcjs]
Hkkjrh;&bLykeh okLrqdyk] vkèkqfud okLrqdyk
VsLV dksM 2308
ewfrZdyk % Hkkjrh;
™ ewfrZdyk rFkk dyk ds fofHkUu laçnk;
Hkkjr dk bfrgkl (çkphu ,oa eè;dkyhu) $ foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk %
™ nhokj fp=kdyk] xqiQk vkSj fHkfÙkfp=k dyk] y?kq
Hkkjr dk bfrgkl (izkphu)
fp=kdyk] eqxy fp=kdyk] jktiwr fp=kdyk] yksd dyk] vU; fp=kdyk
èkeZ vkSj n'kZu'kkL=k & èkeZ % fganw] tSu] ckS¼] bLyke] bZlkbZ] ikjlh]
™
çkphu
z Hkkjr ds dkykuqØfed ,sfrgkfld fodkl ij iQksdl ;gwnh èkeZ_ n'kZu'kkL=k % n'kZu'kkL=k ds Ng laçnk;] vkthod]
z fofHkUu dkyksa ds 'kkld& jktoa'k rFkk muds 'kklu esa gq, lkekftd] yksdk;r n'kZu bR;kfn_ HkfDr vkSj lwiQh ;qx] eè;dkyhu vkSj
jktuhfrd] ç'kklfud] vkfFkZd] èkkfeZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd fodkl vkèkqfud Hkkjr esa èkkfeZd lqèkkj vkanksyu
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

7
 Hkkjrh;
™ laxhr % 'kkL=kh; laxhr] (fganqLrkuh laxhr] dukZVd laxhr)]
yksd laxhr ijaijk
Hkkjrh; u`R; % Hkkjr esa 'kkL=kh; u`R;ksa ds :i] yksd u`R;
™ vkfFkZd
dBiqryh (èkkxk] NM+ bR;kfn)
™
foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh] çfl¼ O;fDrRo ,oa mudk ;ksxnku
™
Hkkjr esa jaxeap % yksd jaxeap] Hkkjrh; flusek vkSj ldZl
™
Hkkjr esa ;wusLdks fo'o èkjksgj LFky % lkaLÑfrd] ,sfrgkfld vkSj
™
egÙoiw.kZ laLFkku
eè;dkyhu vkSj vkèkqfud Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk,¡ o lkfgR;
™ ™ dj] lfClMh bR;kfn
esys vkSj ioZ_ ek'kZy vkVZ
™ eqæk ,oa cSafdax%
foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh
HkkSfrd foKku
z
™ ekud ,oa bdkb;k¡] xfr
™ ;kaf=kdh vkSj inkFkZ ds xq.k
™ dk;Z] ÅtkZ vkSj 'kfDr
™ Å"ek] èofu] çdkf'kdh] æo ds xq.k
™ fo|qr vkSj pqacdRo] xq#Rokd"kZ.k
™ ijek.kq vkSj ukfHkdh; HkkSfrdh
™ vkèkqfud HkkSfrdh] •xksy foKku vkSj varfj{k foKku
jlk;u foKku
z ™ jks”kxkj] csjks”kxkjh (çdkj ,oa çÑfr)
™ inkFkZ] jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,¡ vkSj lehdj.k
™ ijek.kq dh lajpuk] ijek.kq vkSj v.kq
™ rÙoksa dh vkorZ lkj.kh] jklk;fud vkcaèkhdj.k
™ dkcZu vkSj mlds jklk;fud ;kSfxd vkWDlhdj.k vkSj
™ vEy] {kkjd vkSj yo.k] èkkrq vkSj vèkkrq
™ m"ekxfrdh] uSuks çkS|ksfxdh] cgqyd
™ nSfud thou esa jlk;u 'kkL=k] Ñf"k vkSj •k| jlk;u
™ tSo vkSj vkS"kèkh; jlk;u 'kkL=k
tho foKku
z ™ Hkqxrku larqyu] O;kikj larqyu] varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj] varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k
™ ifjp;] thoèkkfj;ksa dk oxhZdj.k
™ dksf'kdk vè;;u] çdk'k la'ys"k.k] ikni foKku
™ thou çfØ;k,¡] thou dh mRifÙk vkSj Øe&fodkl
™ tSo lapkj] ekuo 'kjhj ds vax&ra=k] iks"k.k
™ vkuqoaf'kdh] jksx vkSj j{kkRed ç.kkyh
çkS|ksfxdh
z
™ Hkkjr esa foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh
™ varfj{k foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh] j{kk çkS|ksfxdh
™ lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh] lapkj ,oa daI;wVj çkS|ksfxdh
™ tSo çkS|ksfxdh] uSuks çkS|ksfxdh] jkscksfVDl] ys”kj çkS|ksfxdh
™ vfrpkydrk] Ñf=ke cqf¼eÙkk] vkuqoaf'kd vfHk;kaf=kdh
™ vuqç;qDr foKku rFkk vkèkqfud çkS|ksfxdh
™ uohure vuqlaèkku vkSj orZeku fodkl
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (vxLr 2022)
VsLV dksM 2309
vFkZO;oLFkk $ i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
ewyHkwr
z voèkkj.kk,¡ rFkk vFkZO;oLFkk lacaèkh ifjHkk"kk,¡&
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa
;kstukc¼
z vkSj fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk] iapo"khZ; ;kstuk,¡] lekos'kh fodkl]
uhfr vk;ksx
z lqèkkj % mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k] oS'ohdj.k] 1991 ls vc rd
gq, vkfFkZd lqèkkj
jk"Vªh; vk; dk ys[kkadu%
z
™ ifjHkk"kk] voèkkj.kk,¡ % ldy ?kjsyw mRikn] fuoy ?kjsyw mRikn] ldy
jk"Vªh; mRikn] fuoy jk"Vªh; mRikn] jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk
z
™ eqæk ds dk;Z] eqæk dk fodkl] eqnzk vkiwfrZ bR;kfn
™ cSafdax % dk;Z rFkk cSadksa ds çdkj] xSj&cSafdax foÙkh; daifu;k¡] cSafdax
lqèkkj] vutZd ifjlaifÙk;k¡] csly ekud bR;kfn
™ dsaæh; cSad] eqæk dh voèkkj.kk] ½.k o ekSfæd uhfr (uxn vkjf{kr
vuqikr] jsiks vkfn)
™ foÙkh; lekos'ku % tuèku] eqæk] Lo.kZ eqæhdj.k vkSj ckWM~l vkfn
eqækLiQhfr o jks”kxkj%
z
™ eqækLiQhfr % ifjHkk"kk] dkj.k o çdkj] eqækLiQhfr dk fuèkkZj.k o fu;a=k.k]
eqækLiQhfr dk orZeku Hkkjrh; ifjn`';
ljdkjh ctV] lkoZtfud foÙk vkSj jktdks"kh; uhfr%
z
™ ctV fuekZ.k] çdkj] Hkkjr esa bldk fodkl] rFkk Hkfo"; gsrq n`f"Vdks.k
™ lkoZtfud foÙk] jktLo rFkk O;;] jktdks"kh; uhfr] ?kkVk
vip;u ™ dj lajpuk % i¼fr;k¡& çxfr'khy] çfrxkeh] vkuqikfrd_ dj lqèkkj
™ dj ds çdkj& çR;{k] vçR;{k] VAT] GST] CTT] STT] iwathxr
ykHk] MAT bR;kfn
'kkL=k ™ 14ok¡ foÙk vk;ksx] 15ok¡ foÙk vk;ksx& ;kstuk,¡
fons'kh {ks=k] fons'kh O;kikj rFkk eqæk fofue; nj%
z
™ eqæk (çdkj o çcaèku)] eanh (çdkj o çcaèku)
™ iwath@pkyw •krk ifjorZuh;rk
™ O;kikj lacaèkh eqís vkSj pqukSfr;k¡ % fo'o O;kikj laxBu] ckSf¼d laink
vfèkdkj] GAAR] TRIPS] O;kikj uhfr;k¡ bR;kfnA
foÙkh; ck”kkj%
z
™ iwath % çkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d ck”kkj
™ eqæk ck”kkj % egÙoiw.kZ 'kCnkoyh ,oa voèkkj.kk,¡] ck”kkj lkèku (jktdks"k
fcy] okf.kfT;d i=k] ekax eqæk] tek çek.ki=k vkfn)
m|ksx%
z
vkS|ksfxd
™ uhfr;k¡] fofuos'k] lM+d] jsyos] ukxfjd mM~M;u] rVh;
{ks=k] ÅtkZ ifjn`';
™ ih-ih-ih- ekWMy] LekVZ flVh”k] ;kstuk,¡ vkSj dk;ZØe (esd bu bafM;k]
LVkVZ vi bafM;k] mn; vkfn)
lsok,¡%
z
™ orZeku fLFkfr o çn'kZu] vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl
™ O;kikfjd le>kSrs % f}i{kh;] cgqi{kh;] {ks=kh;] lqèkkj vkSj Hkfo"; gsrq
n`f"Vdks.k
o`Qf"k%
z
™ Hkwfe lqèkkj vkSj gfjr Økafr] Ñf"k çk:i] i'kqikyu
8
 ™ •k| çcaèku] ciQj LVkWd] lkoZtfud forj.k ç.kkyh vkSj lfClMh tyok;q ifjorZu ,oa laxBu rFkk 'keu%
z
™ ekWMy APMC ,DV] Ñf"k foi.ku vkSj oLrq ok;nk ck”kkj ™ oSf'od rkiu] xzhu gkml çHkko] GEF] REDD rFkk REDD$
™ Ñf"k çcaèku % e'khuhdj.k] moZjd] cht cSad] foLrkj lsok,¡ ™ UNFCCC] D;ksVks] isfjl lEeysu] ckyh] dksisugsxu] dkudqu vkSj
chek%
z Mjcu f'k•j lEesyu
™ m|ksx rFkk lqèkkj] laLFkku ,oa ,tsafl;k¡] ;kstuk,¡ ™ dkcZu i`FkDdj.k (lhDosLVªs'ku)] dkcZu flad] dkcZu ØsfMV] dkcZu
Hkkjr vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkku%
z vkWiQlsfVax] dkcZu VSDl
™ varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k] fo'o cSad] MIGA] ADB] AIIB fczDl bR;kfn ™ Hkw&vfHk;kaf=kdh] egklkxj vEyhdj.k] vkstksu {kj.k
Hkkjr vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu%
z
lrr~ fodkl%
z
™ tyok;q ifjorZu ij jk"Vªh; dk;Z;kstuk] xzhu gkml xSl 'keu] xzhu
™ lrr~ fodkl y{;] tyok;q ifjorZu] isfjl le>kSrk] xzhu iQkbusal] fcfYaMx] BSE xzhusDl
uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ] INDC vkSj Hkfo"; gsrq n`f"Vdks.k ™ baVsaMsM us'kuyh fMVjekbaM dkafVªC;w'kUl (INDC)
ekuo fodkl%
z
vfèkfu;e] uhfr;k¡ vkSj 'keu gsrq j.kuhfr;k¡%
z
™ HDR] ySafxd eqís] xjhch (vuqeku)] lekos'kh fodkl] tulkaf[;dh;
™ i;kZoj.k fuxjkuh vkSj çHkko vkdyu] dkuwu vkSj uhfr;k¡
fo'ks"krk,¡ ™ lrr~ fodkl] Hkkjrh; oU;tho laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 1972] i;kZoj.k
™ lqèkkj % f'k{kk {ks=k] cky] Je] LokLF;] lkekftd {ks=k dh ;kstuk,¡ (laj{k.k) vfèkfu;e] 1986
ppkZ esa jgs egÙoiw.kZ fo"k;%
z ™ jk"Vªh; ou uhfr 1988] tSo fofoèkrk vfèkfu;e 2002] vknzZHkwfe fu;e
™ vkfFkZd loZs{k.k] ctV vkSj egÙoiw.kZ uhfr i=k] foeqæhdj.k 2010
™ tulkaf[;dh; ykHkka'k] lkoZHkkSfed ewyHkwr vk;] cSM cSad] nksgjs rqyu ™ vuqlwfpr tutkfr rFkk vU; ikjaifjd ouoklh vfèkfu;e 2006] rVh;
i=k dh leL;k] fofu;eu {ks=k
™ cgqi{kh; {ks=kh; çfrcaèk vkSj fooS'ohdj.k ™ jk"Vªh; gfjr çkfèkdj.k vfèkfu;e 2010] vkstksu vi{k;dkjh inkFkZ
™ vlekurk dk lekèkku % lkekftd {ks=k dh ;kstuk,¡] lkoZHkkSfed LokLF; fu;e
lsok o f'k{kk varjkZ"Vªh; vfHkle; vkSj çksVksdkWy%
z
i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh ™ i;kZoj.k ,oa fodkl ij la;qDr jk"Vª vfHkle; (UNCED)] tSo
fofoèkrk vfHkle; (CBD)] jkelj dUosa'ku] CITES] IUCN] CMS
ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj i;kZoj.k%
z
™ oU;tho O;kikj (TRAFFIC)] rLdjh] (CAWT)] fVacj vkWxZukbts'ku
™ voèkkj.kk,¡ % ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k] ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k ds (ITTO)] Xykscy Vkbxj iQksje (GTF)
dk;Z] çkÑfrd lalkèku laj{k.k ™ csly dUosa'ku] LVkWdgkse dUosa'ku] jkWVjMSe dUosa'ku
™ LFkyh; vkSj tyh; ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k] leqæh tho] ikfjfLFkfrd vuqØe.k ™ la;qDr jk"Vª ejQLFkyhdj.k jksdFkke dUosa'ku (UNCCD)] ouksa ij
tSo fofoèkrk%
z la;qDr jk"Vª iQksje (UNFF)
™ ewyHkwr voèkkj.kk,¡] ouLifrtxr rFkk çkf.ktxr] leqæh tho] tSo ™ baVjus'kuy Ogsfyax deh'ku (IWC)] fo;uk dUosa'ku ,aM ekWfUVª;y
fofoèkrk dks •rjs] çksVksdkWy
™ lqjf{kr {ks=k % jk"Vªh; m|ku] oU;tho vHk;kj.;] tSoeaMy fj”koZ] i;kZoj.k laLFkku ,oa laxBu & Hkkjr%
z
vkjf{kr rFkk lqjf{kr ou] lkeqnkf;d fj”koZ] xzke rFkk iapk;r ou] ™ jk"Vªh; oU;tho dk;Z;kstuk] jk"Vªh; ouhdj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh fodkl
futh lqjf{kr ou] laj{k.k {ks=k bR;kfn cksMZ
™ tSolqj{kk] ck;ksçksLisfDaVx] tSo&rLdjh ™ CAMPA] CEPI-] bZdks&ekdZ] lkekftd okfudh] jk"Vªh; ck¡l fe'ku
™ Hkkjrh; vkSj oSf'od tSo fofoèkrk] lrr~ fodkl] i;kZoj.k fuxjkuh ™ jk"Vªh; tSo fofoèkrk çkfèkdj.k] eSaxzkso] jk"Vªh; >hy laj{k.k ;kstuk
vkSj çHkko vkdyu ™ Hkkjrh; i'kq dY;k.k cksMZ] oU;tho vijkèk fu;a=k.k C;wjks bR;kfn
tSo fofoèkrk laj{k.k ds ç;kl % Hkkjr vkSj fo'o%
z djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (flracj 2022)
™ i;kZoj.k vfèkfu;e vkSj uhfr;k¡] i;kZoj.k lafèk;k¡@vfHkle;
™ jsM cqd] IUCN oxhZdj.k% xaHkhj :i ls foyqIrçk;] vuqlwph lwph& VsLV dksM 2310
Hkkjrh; oU;tho laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 1972 Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk&II $ Hkwxksy&II
™ ekuo&i'kq Vdjko] çkstsDV Vkbxj] çkstsDV ,yhiQSaV] çkstsDV oYpj] Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk ,oa 'kklu (Hkkx&II)
çkstsDV VVZy] çkstsDV gaxqy] çkstsDV xaxk MkWfYiQu bR;kfn
jktO;oLFkk
z dh egÙoiw.kZ voèkkj.kk,¡ % la?k dk;Zikfydk] laln] jkT;
i;kZoj.kh; eqís%
z
dk;Zikfydk] U;k;ikfydk] LFkkuh; ljdkj] pquko rFkk pqukoh lqèkkj]
™ çnw"k.k ds çdkj vkSj ?kVd] ÅtkZ ladV vkSj xSj&ijaijkxr lzksr jkT;ksa gsrq fo'ks"k çkoèkku] 'kklu
™ çnw"k.k (ok;q] LekWx] ÝykbZ ,s'k] ikuh] e`nk] èofu] jsfM;ks&lfØ;)]
dsaæ ljdkj%
z
dpjk] bZ&dpjk] tSo&mipkj
™ jk"Vªifr] mijk"Vªifr
o`Qf"k%
z ™ çèkkuea=kh] dsaæh; eaf=kifj"kn
™ iQly rFkk bldk oxhZdj.k] iQly ç.kkyh vkSj çk:i •srh ç.kkyh ™ eaf=keaMy lfefr;k¡] laln (dk;Z] 'kfDr rFkk çdk;Z] laln dh Hkwfedk)
™ lrr~ Ñf"k] ,dhÑr •srh ç.kkyh] e`nk foKku ™ lalnh; lfefr;k¡] lewg vkSj eap
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

9
 jkT; ljdkj%
z Lora=krk laxzke] lkekftd&èkkfeZd lqèkkj] eè;e pj.k] vafre pj.k]
™ jkT;iky jkT;
™ eaf=kifj"kn Økafrdkjh vkradokn] xkaèkhoknh tu la?k"kZ dk ;qx] lkE;okn dk çHkko
™ eq[;ea=kh jkT;
™ foèkkf;dk ™ 18oha 'krkCnh esa Hkkjr % ;wjksih;ksa dk Hkkjr esa vkxeu rFkk eqxy
U;k;ikfydk%
z lkezkT; dk iru
™ mPpre U;k;ky; U;kf;d
™ leh{kk] U;kf;d ™ Hkkjr esa fczfV'k dk vkxeu % ç'kklu ,oa vkfFkZd uhfr;k¡ (1757-1857)
™ mPp U;k;ky;] vèkhuLFk lfØ;rk ™ c<+rk vkØks'k rFkk 1857 dk foæksg_ 1857 ds ckn gq, ç'kklfud
U;k;ky; tufgr ;kfpdk
™ ifjorZu
LFkkuh; ljdkj%
z ™ 19oha 'krkCnh ds iwokZ¼Z esa lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd tkxj.k
™ iapk;rh jkt ™ LFkkuh; 'kgjh ljdkj ™ çkjafHkd jk"Vªokn (o"kZ 1857 ls 1906 ds chp) dkWUxzsl dk xBu
vU;%
z vkSj ujeiaFkh pj.k
™ dqN jkT;ksa ds fy;s fo'ks"k ™ lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ ™ pjeiaFkh pj.k (1905 ls 1919 ds chp)] caxky o lwjr foHkktu
çkoèkku ™ vkfèkdkfjd Hkk"kk,¡ (1906)
™ tEew&d'ehj dks fo'ks"k ntkZ ™ lkoZtfud lsok,¡] ™ Økafrdkjh jk"Vªokn dk pj.k o fons'kh vkanksyu
™ dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k vkSj fo'ks"k U;k;kfèkdj.k ™ Lons'kh vkanksyu] gkse :y vkanksyu
{ks=k ™ tu&vkanksyu ds pj.k (1919&1942) % jk"Vªh; vkanksyuksa esa xkaèkhoknh
™ yksd tu çfrfufèkRo vfèkfu;e] ny&cny fojksèkh dkuwu ;qx
™ pquko vkSj pqukoh lqèkkj ™ jkWysV ,DV] tfy;k¡okyk ckx gR;kdkaM vkSj f[+kykI+kQr vkanksyu
™ jktuhfrd ny vkSj ncko lewg ™ Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkanksyu esa lektoknh #>ku] fdlku lHkk
'kklu%
z ™ vlg;ksx] lfou; voKk] Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu
™ lwpuk dk vfèkdkj] ukxfjd pkVZj] ™ o"kZ 1942 ls Hkkjr dh vk”kknh rd dh ?kVuk,¡ (vk”kkn fgan iQkSt]
™ bZ&'kklu] lafoèkku dk ewY;kadu vkj-vkbZ-,u- foæksg vkfn)
Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy (ekuo ,oa vkfFkZd Hkwxksy) ™ lqèkkj] vfèkfu;e vkSj lfefr;k¡] dkWUxzsl l=k] xouZj tujy vkSj
Hkkjrh;
z lalkèku % Hkwfe] ou] ty] •fut vkSj ÅtkZ ok;ljk;
Ñf"k % •srh ds çdkj] iQly çk:i] flapkbZ] Ñf"k&tyok;q oxhZdj.k]
z ™ tutkrh; vkSj fdlku vkanksyu] vkèkqfud f'k{kk vkSj çsl dk fodkl]
Ñf"k rduhdh] •k| lqj{kk Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkanksyu ds çfrf"Br O;fDrRo
m|ksx % vofLFkfr dkjd] çdkj] çeq• m|ksxksa dk forj.k
z ™ vk”kknh ds ckn dk Hkkjr % jkT;ksa dk ,dhdj.k] Hkk"kh; vkèkkj ij
jkT;ksa dk xBu] pquko
O;kikj ,oa lapkj % lM+d ekxZ] jsyos] ok;qekxZ] canjxkg] tyekxZ]
z
ikbiykbu] fons'kh O;kikj ™ vk”kknh ds ckn çeq• jktuhfrd] lkekftd o vkfFkZd ?kVukØe]
lqèkkj ,oa uhfr;k¡
tula[;k ,oa vfèkokl % forj.k ,oa ?kuRo] tkfr rFkk tutkfr]
z
foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh
tulkaf[;dh; xq.k] çoklu ,oa vfèkokl] lkaLÑfrd dkjd
Hkkjrh; m|ksx % çdkj] vofLFkfr&lacaèkh dkjd
z HkkSfrd
z foKku
fo'o dk Hkwxksy (ekuo vkSj vkfFkZd Hkwxksy) ™ ekud ,oa bdkb;k¡] xfr
™ ;kaf=kdh vkSj inkFkZ ds xq.k
xfrfofèk;k¡ %
z çkFkfed] f}rh;d] r`rh;d] prqFkZd vkSj iaped {ks=k
™ dk;Z] ÅtkZ vkSj 'kfDr
lalkèku % Hkwfe] ou] ty] •fut rFkk ÅtkZ
z
™ Å"ek] èofu] çdkf'kdh] æo ds xq.k
Ñf"k % •srh ds çdkj] iQly iSVuZ] Ñf"k&tyok;q oxhZdj.k] •k| lqj{kk
z ™ fo|qr vkSj pqacdRo] xq#Rokd"kZ.k
m|ksx % vofLFkfr dkjd] oxhZdj.k] çeq• m|ksxksa dk foHkktu
z ™ ijek.kq vkSj ukfHkdh; HkkSfrdh
O;kikj rFkk lapkj% egÙoiw.kZ O;kikj ekxZ vkSj js•k,¡] lM+d ekxZ] jsyos]
z ™ vkèkqfud HkkSfrdh] •xksy foKku vkSj varfj{k foKku
ok;qekxZ] canjxkg] tyekxZ] ikbiykbUl jlk;u foKku
z
tula[;k ,oa vfèkokl % forj.k ,oa ?kuRo] tkfr;k¡ rFkk tutkfr;k¡]
z ™ inkFkZ] jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,¡ vkSj lehdj.k
tulkaf[;dh; xq.k] çoklu ,oa vfèkokl] lkaLÑfrd dkjd ™ ijek.kq dh lajpuk] ijek.kq vkSj v.kq
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (vDrwcj 2022) ™ rÙoksa dh vkorZ lkj.kh] jklk;fud vkcaèkhdj.k
™ dkcZu vkSj mlds jklk;fud ;kSfxd
VsLV dksM 2311 ™ vkWDlhdj.k vkSj vip;u
™ vEy] {kkjd vkSj yo.k] èkkrq vkSj vèkkrq
vk/kqfud bfrgkl $ foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh ™ m"ekxfrdh] uSuks çkS|ksfxdh] cgqyd
Hkkjr dk bfrgkl (vkèkqfud) ™ nSfud thou esa jlk;u 'kkL=k] Ñf"k vkSj •k| jlk;u 'kkL=k
Hkkjrh;
z Lora=krk vkanksyu ds fofHkUu pj.k] 1857 dk çFke Hkkjrh; ™ tSo vkSj vkS"kèkh; jlk;u 'kkL=k
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

10
 tho
z foKku 14ok¡
™ foÙk vk;ksx] 15ok¡ foÙk vk;ksx& ;kstuk,¡
ifjp;] thoèkkfj;ksa dk oxhZdj.k
™ fons'kh {ks=k] fons'kh O;kikj rFkk eqæk fofue; nj%
z
dksf'kdk vè;;u] çdk'k la'ys"k.k] ikni foKku
™ ™ Hkqxrku larqyu] O;kikj larqyu] varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj] varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k
thou çfØ;k,¡] thou dh mRifÙk vkSj Øe&fodkl
™ ™ eqæk (çdkj o çcaèku)] eanh (çdkj o çcaèku)
tSo lapkj] ekuo 'kjhj ds vax&ra=k] iks"k.k
™ ™ iwath@pkyw •krk ifjorZuh;rk
vkuqoaf'kdh] jksx vkSj j{kkRed ç.kkyh
™ ™ O;kikj lacaèkh eqís vkSj pqukSfr;k¡ % fo'o O;kikj laxBu] ckSf¼d laink
çkS|ksfxdh
z
vfèkdkj] GAAR] TRIPS] O;kikj uhfr;k¡ bR;kfnA
foÙkh; ck”kkj%
z
Hkkjr
™ esa foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh
™ iwath % çkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d ck”kkj
varfj{k
™ foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh] j{kk çkS|ksfxdh
™ eqæk ck”kkj % egÙoiw.kZ 'kCnkoyh ,oa voèkkj.kk,¡] ck”kkj lkèku (jktdks"k
lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh] lapkj ,oa daI;wVj çkS|ksfxdh
™
fcy] okf.kfT;d i=k] ekax eqæk] tek çek.ki=k vkfn)
tSo çkS|ksfxdh] uSuks çkS|ksfxdh] jkscksfVDl] ys”kj çkS|ksfxdh
™
vfrpkydrk] Ñf=ke cqf¼eÙkk] vkuqoaf'kd vfHk;kaf=kdh
™
m|ksx%
z
™ vkS|ksfxd uhfr;k¡] fofuos'k] lM+d] jsyos] ukxfjd mM~M;u] rVh;
vuqç;qDr foKku rFkk vkèkqfud çkS|ksfxdh
™
{ks=k] ÅtkZ ifjn`';
uohure vuqlaèkku vkSj orZeku fodkl
™
™ ih-ih-ih- ekWMy] LekVZ flVh”k] ;kstuk,¡ vkSj dk;ZØe (esd bu bafM;k]
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (tuojh 2022) LVkVZ vi bafM;k] mn; vkfn)
lsok,¡%
z
VsLV dksM 2312 ™ orZeku fLFkfr o çn'kZu] vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl
™ O;kikfjd le>kSrs % f}i{kh;] cgqi{kh;] {ks=kh;] lqèkkj vkSj Hkfo"; gsrq
vFkZO;oLFkk $ i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh n`f"Vdks.k
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk o`Qf"k%
z
ewyHkwr
z voèkkj.kk,¡ rFkk vFkZO;oLFkk lacaèkh ifjHkk"kk,¡% ™ Hkwfe lqèkkj vkSj gfjr Økafr] Ñf"k çk:i] i'kqikyu
™ •k| çcaèku] ciQj LVkWd] lkoZtfud forj.k ç.kkyh vkSj lfClMh
;kstukc¼
z vkSj fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk] iapo"khZ; ;kstuk,¡] lekos'kh fodkl]
™ ekWMy APMC ,DV] Ñf"k foi.ku vkSj oLrq ok;nk ck”kkj
uhfr vk;ksx
™ Ñf"k çcaèku % e'khuhdj.k] moZjd] cht cSad] foLrkj lsok,¡
vkfFkZd
z lqèkkj % mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k] oS'ohdj.k] 1991 ls vc rd chek%
z
gq, vkfFkZd lqèkkj ™ m|ksx rFkk lqèkkj] laLFkku ,oa ,tsafl;k¡] ;kstuk,¡
z jk"Vªh; vk; dk ys[kkadu% Hkkjr vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkku%
z
™ ifjHkk"kk] voèkkj.kk,¡ % ldy ?kjsyw mRikn] fuoy ?kjsyw mRikn] ldy ™ varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k] fo'o cSad] MIGA] ADB] AIIB fczDl bR;kfn
jk"Vªh; mRikn] fuoy jk"Vªh; mRikn] jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk lrr~ fodkl%
z
™ dj] lfClMh bR;kfn ™ lrr~ fodkl y{;] tyok;q ifjorZu] isfjl le>kSrk] xzhu iQkbusal]
z eqæk ,oa cSafdax% uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ] INDC vkSj Hkfo"; gsrq n`f"Vdks.k
™ eqæk ds dk;Z] eqæk dk fodkl] eqnzk vkiwfrZ bR;kfn ekuo fodkl%
z
™ cSafdax % dk;Z rFkk cSadksa ds çdkj] xSj&cSafdax foÙkh; daifu;k¡] cSafdax ™ HDR] ySafxd eqís] xjhch (vuqeku)] lekos'kh fodkl] tulkaf[;dh;
lqèkkj] vutZd ifjlaifÙk;k¡] csly ekud bR;kfn fo'ks"krk,¡
™ dsaæh; cSad] eqæk dh voèkkj.kk] ½.k o ekSfæd uhfr (uxn vkjf{kr ™ lqèkkj % f'k{kk {ks=k] cky] Je] LokLF;] lkekftd {ks=k dh ;kstuk,¡
vuqikr] jsiks vkfn) ppkZ esa jgs egÙoiw.kZ fo"k;%
z
™ foÙkh; lekos'ku % tuèku] eqæk] Lo.kZ eqæhdj.k vkSj ckWM~l vkfn ™ vkfFkZd loZs{k.k] ctV vkSj egÙoiw.kZ uhfr i=k] foeqæhdj.k
z eqækLiQhfr o jks”kxkj% ™ tulkaf[;dh; ykHkka'k] lkoZHkkSfed ewyHkwr vk;] cSM cSad] nksgjs rqyu
™ eqækLiQhfr % ifjHkk"kk] dkj.k o çdkj] eqækLiQhfr dk fuèkkZj.k o fu;a=k.k] i=k dh leL;k]
eqækLiQhfr dk orZeku Hkkjrh; ifjn`'; ™ cgqi{kh; {ks=kh; çfrcaèk vkSj fooS'ohdj.k
™ jks”kxkj] csjks”kxkjh (çdkj ,oa çÑfr) ™ vlekurk dk lekèkku % lkekftd {ks=k dh ;kstuk,¡] lkoZHkkSfed LokLF;
z ljdkjh ctV] lkoZtfud foÙk vkSj jktdks"kh; uhfr% lsok {ks=k o f'k{kk
™ ctV fuekZ.k] çdkj] Hkkjr esa bldk fodkl] rFkk Hkfo"; gsrq n`f"Vdks.k i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh
™ lkoZtfud foÙk] jktLo rFkk O;;] jktdks"kh; uhfr] ?kkVk ikfjfLFkfrdh
z vkSj i;kZoj.k%
™ dj lajpuk % i¼fr;k¡& çxfr'khy] çfrxkeh] vkuqikfrd_ dj lqèkkj voèkkj.kk,¡ %
™ ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k] ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k ds
™ dj ds çdkj& çR;{k] vçR;{k] VAT] GST] CTT] STT] iwathxr dk;Z] çkÑfrd lalkèku laj{k.k
ykHk] MAT bR;kfn LFkyh; vkSj tyh; ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k] leqæh tho] ikfjfLFkfrd vuqØe.k
™
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

11
 tSo fofoèkrk%
z oU;tho
™ O;kikj (TRAFFIC)] rLdjh] (CAWT)] fVacj vkWxZukbts'ku
™ ewyHkwr voèkkj.kk,¡] ouLifrtxr rFkk çkf.ktxr] leqæh tho] tSo (ITTO)] Xykscy Vkbxj iQksje (GTF)
fofoèkrk dks •rjs] csly dUosa'ku] LVkWdgkse dUosa'ku] jkWVjMSe dUosa'ku
™
lqjf{kr {ks=k % jk"Vªh; m|ku] oU;tho vHk;kj.;] tSoeaMy fj”koZ]
™ la;qDr jk"Vª ejQLFkyhdj.k jksdFkke dUosa'ku (UNCCD)] ouksa ij
™
vkjf{kr rFkk lqjf{kr ou] lkeqnkf;d fj”koZ] xzke rFkk iapk;r ou] la;qDr jk"Vª iQksje (UNFF)
futh lqjf{kr ou] laj{k.k {ks=k bR;kfn baVjus'kuy Ogsfyax deh'ku (IWC)] fo;uk dUosa'ku ,aM ekWfUVª;y
™
tSolqj{kk] ck;ksçksLisfDaVx] tSo&rLdjh
™ çksVksdkWy
Hkkjrh; vkSj oSf'od tSo fofoèkrk] lrr~ fodkl] i;kZoj.k fuxjkuh
™ i;kZoj.k
z laLFkku ,oa laxBu & Hkkjr%
vkSj çHkko vkdyu jk"Vªh; oU;tho dk;Z;kstuk] jk"Vªh; ouhdj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh fodkl
™
tSo
z fofoèkrk laj{k.k ds ç;kl % Hkkjr vkSj fo'o% cksMZ
i;kZoj.k vfèkfu;e vkSj uhfr;k¡] i;kZoj.k lafèk;k¡@vfHkle;
™ CAMPA] CEPI-] bZdks&ekdZ] lkekftd okfudh] jk"Vªh; ck¡l fe'ku
™
jsM cqd] IUCN oxhZdj.k% xaHkhj :i ls foyqIrçk;] vuqlwph lwph&
™ jk"Vªh; tSo fofoèkrk çkfèkdj.k] eSaxzkso] jk"Vªh; >hy laj{k.k ;kstuk
™
Hkkjrh; oU;tho laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 1972 Hkkjrh; i'kq dY;k.k cksMZ] oU;tho vijkèk fu;a=k.k C;wjks bR;kfn
™
ekuo&i'kq Vdjko] çkstsDV Vkbxj] çkstsDV ,yhiQSaV] çkstsDV oYpj]
™
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (tuojh o Qjojh 2022)
çkstsDV VVZy] çkstsDV gaxqy] çkstsDV xaxk MkWfYiQu bR;kfn
i;kZoj.kh;
z eqís% VsLV dksM 2313
çnw"k.k
™ ds çdkj vkSj ?kVd] ÅtkZ ladV vkSj xSj&ijaijkxr lzksr Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk (Hkkx&I)
çnw"k.k (ok;q] LekWx] ÝykbZ ,s'k] ikuh] e`nk] èofu] jsfM;ks&lfØ;)]
™
dpjk] bZ&dpjk] tSo&mipkj jktuhfrd
z ç.kkfy;k¡ % voèkkj.kk,¡] :i rFkk çdkj
o`Qf"k%
z Hkkjrh;
z lafoèkku%
iQly
™ rFkk bldk oxhZdj.k] iQly ç.kkyh vkSj çk:i •srh ç.kkyh ,sfrgkfld
™ i`"BHkwfe lafoèkku
™ fuekZ.k ,oa mlds n'kZu
lrr~ Ñf"k] ,dhÑr •srh ç.kkyh] e`nk foKku
™ lafoèkku
z dh çeq• fo'ks"krk,¡%
tyok;q
z ifjorZu ,oa laxBu rFkk 'keu% çLrkouk
™ ™ la?kh; O;oLFkk dh çÑfr
oSf'od
™ rkiu] xzhu gkml çHkko] GEF] REDD rFkk REDD$ la?k dk {ks=k
™ ™ dsæa &jkT; lacèa k vkSj varjkZT;h;
UNFCCC] D;ksVks] isfjl lEeysu] ckyh] dksisugsxu] dkudqu vkSj
™
ukxfjdrk
™ lacaèk
Mjcu f'k•j lEesyu ewy vfèkdkj ,oa ewy dÙkZO;
™ ™ vkikrdkyhu çkoèkku
dkcZu i`FkDdj.k (lhDosLVªs'ku)] dkcZu flad] dkcZu ØsfMV] dkcZu
™
jkT; ds uhfr&funs'kd rÙo
™ ™ laoSèkkfud vkSj xSj&laoSèkkfud
vkWiQlsfVax] dkcZu VSDl la'kksèku dh çfØ;k
™ fudk; (lkafofèkd] fu;ked
Hkw&vfHk;kaf=kdh] egklkxj vEyhdj.k] vkstksu {kj.k
™
lafoèkku dh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk%
™ ,oa fofHkUu vèkZ & U;kf;d
lalnh; O;oLFkk
™ fudk;)
Hkkjr
z vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu%
Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk (Hkkx&II)
tyok;q
™ ifjorZu ij jk"Vªh; dk;Z;kstuk] xzhu gkml xSl 'keu] xzhu
fcfYaMx] BSE xzhusDl jktO;oLFkk
z dh egÙoiw.kZ voèkkj.kk,¡ % la?k dk;Zikfydk] laln] jkT;
baVsaMsM us'kuyh fMVjekbaM dkafVªC;w'kUl (INDC)
™ dk;Zikfydk] U;k;ikfydk] LFkkuh; ljdkj] pquko rFkk pqukoh lqèkkj]
jkT;ksa gsrq fo'ks"k çkoèkku] 'kklu
vfèkfu;e]
z uhfr;k¡ vkSj 'keu gsrq j.kuhfr;k¡%
i;kZoj.k
™ fuxjkuh vkSj çHkko vkdyu] dkuwu vkSj uhfr;k¡ dsaæ
z ljdkj%
lrr~ fodkl] Hkkjrh; oU;tho laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 1972] i;kZoj.k
™ jk"Vªifr] mijk"Vªifr
™
(laj{k.k) vfèkfu;e] 1986 çèkkuea=kh] dsaæh; eaf=kifj"kn
™
jk"Vªh; ou uhfr 1988] tSo fofoèkrk vfèkfu;e 2002] vknzZHkwfe fu;e
™ eaf=keaMy lfefr;k¡] laln (dk;Z] 'kfDr rFkk çdk;Z] laln dh Hkwfedk)
™
2010 lalnh; lfefr;k¡] lewg vkSj eap
™
vuqlwfpr tutkfr rFkk vU; ikjaifjd ouoklh vfèkfu;e 2006] rVh;
™ jkT;
z ljdkj%
fofu;eu {ks=k jkT;iky
™ jkT;
™ eaf=kifj"kn
jk"Vªh; gfjr çkfèkdj.k vfèkfu;e 2010] vkstksu vi{k;dkjh inkFkZ
™ eq[;ea=kh
™ jkT;
™ foèkkf;dk
fu;e U;k;ikfydk%
z
varjkZ"Vªh;
z vfHkle; vkSj çksVksdkWy% mPpre
™ U;k;ky;
™ i;kZoj.k ,oa fodkl ij la;qDr jk"Vª vfHkle; (UNCED)] tSo mPp
™ U;k;ky;] vèkhuLFk U;k;ky;
fofoèkrk vfHkle; (CBD)] jkelj dUosa'ku] CITES] IUCN] CMS U;kf;d leh{kk] U;kf;d lfØ;rk
™
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

12
 tufgr
™ ;kfpdk egÙoiw.kZ
z pj.kksa esa lfEefyr gSa %
LFkkuh;
z ljdkj% vkjafHkd eè; dky % mÙkj Hkkjr lkezkT; (f=ki{kh; la?k"kZ& iky]
™
iapk;rh
™ jkt LFkkuh;
™ 'kgjh ljdkj çfrgkj] jk"VªdwV)] nf{k.k Hkkjr lkezkT; (pksy jktoa'k] psj jktoa'k]
ikaMÔ jktoa'k)
vU;%
z
eè;;qxhu vkØe.k (x”kuh] xksjh vkfn)
™
dqN
™ jkT;ksa ds fy;s fo'ks"k çkoèkku
fnYyh lYrur (ekeyqd lqYrku] f[kyth oa'k] rqxyd oa'k] lSÕ;n
™
tEew&d'ehj
™ dks fo'ks"k ntkZ
oa'k rFkk yksnh oa'k)
dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k vkSj fo'ks"k {ks=k
™
fot;uxj vkSj cgeuh lkezkT;
™
lgdkjh lfefr;k¡
™
lkaLÑfrd rFkk èkkfeZd vkanksyu% HkfDr vkanksyu] lwiQh vkanksyu
™
vkfèkdkfjd Hkk"kk,¡
™ viQxku] jktiwr] lwj] eqxy oa'k rFkk opZLo dh yM+kbZ vkSj ikuhir
™
lkoZtfud lsok,¡] U;k;kfèkdj.k
™ dk ;q¼
yksd tu çfrfufèkRo vfèkfu;e] ny&cny fojksèkh dkuwu
™ eqxy dky esa lkaLÑfrd fodkl
™
pquko vkSj pqukoh lqèkkj
™ nf{k.k jkT;ksa dk mn; ,oa iru % vgenuxj] chtkiqj] xksydksaMk
™
'kklu%
z eqxy lkezkT; dk iru rFkk fl•] tkV] viQxku] ejkBk vkfn dk mn;
™
lwpuk
™ dk vfèkdkj] ukxfjd pkVZj] dyk ,oa laLÑfr
bZ&'kklu] lafoèkku dk ewY;kadu
™ çkphu]
z eè;dkyhu ,oa vkèkqfud Hkkjr esa dyk (fHkfÙk&fp=k dyk]
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (ekpZ o viSzy 2022) ewfrZdyk] fp=kdkjh] dBiqryh] laxhr] u`R;)] okLrqdyk] Hkk"kk] èkeZ o
n'kZu'kkL=k rFkk foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh ij iQksdl
VsLV dksM 2314 ™ okLrqdyk % flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk] ekS;Z okLrqdyk] 'kqax] dq"kk.k] lkrokgu
vkSj xqIr dky esa okLrqdyk] eafnj okLrqdyk] fdys ,oa edcjs]
Hkkjr dk bfrgkl (çkphu ,oa eè;dkyhu) $ dyk ,oa laLÏfr Hkkjrh;&bLykeh okLrqdyk] vkèkqfud okLrqdyk
Hkkjr dk bfrgkl (izkphu) ewfrZdyk % Hkkjrh;
™ ewfrZdyk rFkk dyk ds fofHkUu laçnk;
Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk %
™ nhokj fp=kdyk] xqiQk vkSj fHkfÙkfp=k dyk] y?kq
çkphu
z Hkkjr ds dkykuqØfed ,sfrgkfld fodkl ij iQksdl
fp=kdyk] eqxy fp=kdyk] jktiwr fp=kdyk] yksd dyk] vU;
fofHkUu
z dkyksa ds 'kkld& jktoa'k rFkk muds 'kklu esa gq, lkekftd] fp=kdyk
jktuhfrd] ç'kklfud] vkfFkZd] èkkfeZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd fodkl èkeZ vkSj n'kZu'kkL=k & èkeZ % fganw] tSu] ckS¼] bLyke] bZlkbZ] ikjlh]
™
egÙoiw.kZ
z pj.kksa esa lfEefyr gSa % ;gwnh èkeZ_
çkxSfrgkfld
™ dky (ik"kk.k dky] rkez&ik"kk.k dky) n'kZu'kkL=k % n'kZu'kkL=k ds Ng laçnk;] vkthod] yksdk;r n'kZu
™
çkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl (egÙo] i`"BHkwfe] HkkSxksfyd forj.k ,oa
™ bR;kfn_ HkfDr vkSj lwiQh ;qx] eè;dkyhu vkSj vkèkqfud Hkkjr esa
fo'ks"krk,¡) èkkfeZd lqèkkj vkanksyu
gM+Iik@flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk
™ Hkkjrh; laxhr % 'kkL=kh; laxhr] (fganqLrkuh laxhr] dukZVd laxhr)]
™
oSfnd dky (½XoSfnd ls mÙkj&oSfnd pj.k rd% lekt] vFkZO;oLFkk]
™ yksd laxhr ijaijk
jktuhfrd O;oLFkk] èkeZ] fopkjèkkjk,¡)_ oSfnd bfrgkl ds lzksr Hkkjrh; u`R; % Hkkjr esa 'kkL=kh; u`R;ksa ds :i] yksd u`R;
™
egktuin (exèk] dksly] o`fTt bR;kfn)
™
dBiqryh (èkkxk] NM+ bR;kfn)
™
foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh] çfl¼ O;fDrRo ,oa mudk ;ksxnku
™
èkkfeZd lqèkkj (tSu èkeZ] ckS¼ èkeZ vkfn dk mn;)
™
Hkkjr esa jaxeap % yksd jaxeap] Hkkjrh; flusek vkSj ldZl
™
iwoZ&ekS;Z dky (g;Zd] f'k'kqukx] uan oa'k vkfn)
™
Hkkjr esa ;wusLdks fo'o èkjksgj LFky % lkaLÑfrd] ,sfrgkfld vkSj
™
iQkjlh rFkk eslsMksfu;u vkØe.k] dyk rFkk laLÑfr ij çHkko
™
egÙoiw.kZ laLFkku
(mnkgj.k& xkaèkkj 'kSyh] xzhd&ckS¼ laLÑfr)
eè;dkyhu vkSj vkèkqfud Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk,¡ o lkfgR;
™
ekS;Z dky vkSj ekS;kZsÙkj dky] laxe dky
™
esys vkSj ioZ_ ek'kZy vkVZ
™
eè;&,f'k;kbZ vkØe.k (baMksxzhd] 'kd] igyoh] dq"kk.k)
™
xqIr dky vkSj xqIrksÙkj dky (g"kZoèkZu vkfn)
™ djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (ebZ o twu 2022)
nf{k.k ,oa if'pe Hkkjr ds jkT; (lkrokgu] iYyo] pkyqD;] ikaMÔ
™
VsLV dksM 2315
vkfn)
Hkkjr dk bfrgkl (eè;dkyhu) vk/kqfud bfrgkl
eè;dkyhu
z Hkkjr ds dkykuqØfed ,sfrgkfld fodkl ij iQksdl Hkkjrh;
z Lora=krk vkanksyu ds fofHkUu pj.k] 1857 dk çFke Hkkjrh;
fofHkUu
z dkyksa ds 'kkld& jktoa'k rFkk muds 'kklu esa gq, lkekftd] Lora=krk laxzke] lkekftd&èkkfeZd lqèkkj] eè;e pj.k] vafre pj.k]
jktuhfrd] ç'kklfud] vkfFkZd] èkkfeZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd fodkl Økafrdkjh vkradokn] xkaèkhoknh tu la?k"kZ dk ;qx] lkE;okn dk çHkko
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

13
 18oha
z 'krkCnh esa Hkkjr % ;wjksih;ksa dk Hkkjr esa vkxeu rFkk eqxy lkezkT; e`nk
™ ds çdkj] {ks=kh; fHkUurk,¡ rFkk laj{k.k
dk iru çkÑfrd •rjs o vkink,¡ rFkk vkink çcaèku
™
™ Hkkjr esa fczfV'k dk vkxeu % ç'kklu ,oa vkfFkZd uhfr;k¡ (1757-1857) Hkkjrh; Hkwxksy ekufp=k dk;Z
™
™ c<+rk vkØks'k rFkk 1857 dk foæksg_ 1857 ds ckn gq, ç'kklfud Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy (ekuo vkSj vkfFkZd Hkwxksy)
ifjorZu
lalkèku %
z Hkwfe] ou] ty] •fut rFkk ÅtkZ
™ 19oha 'krkCnh ds iwokZèkZ esa lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd tkxj.k
™ çkjafHkd jk"Vªokn (o"kZ 1857 ls 1906 ds chp) dkWUxzsl dk xBu Ñf"k %
z •srh ds çdkj] iQly iSVuZ] Ñf"k&tyok;q oxhZdj.k] •k| lqj{kk
vkSj ujeiaFkh pj.k m|ksx %
z vofLFkfr dkjd] oxhZdj.k] çeq• m|ksxksa dk foHkktu
™ pjeiaFkh pj.k (1905 ls 1919 ds chp)] caxky o lwjr foHkktu O;kikj
z rFkk lapkj% egÙoiw.kZ O;kikj ekxZ vkSj js•k,¡] lM+d ekxZ] jsyos]
(1906) ok;qekxZ] canjxkg] tyekxZ] ikbiykbUl
™ Økafrdkjh jk"Vªokn dk pj.k o fons'kh vkanksyu tula[;k
z ,oa vfèkokl % forj.k ,oa ?kuRo] tkfr;k¡ rFkk tutkfr;k¡]
™ Lons'kh vkanksyu] gkse :y vkanksyu
tulkaf[;dh; xq.k] çoklu ,oa vfèkokl] lkaLÑfrd dkjd
™ tu&vkanksyu ds pj.k (1919&1942) % jk"Vªh; vkanksyuksa esa xkaèkhoknh
fo'o dk Hkwxksy (HkkSfrd Hkwxksy)
;qx
™ jkWysV ,DV] tfy;k¡okyk ckx gR;kdkaM vkSj f[+kykI+kQr vkanksyu izkalkfxd
z ledkyuh HkkSxksfyd eqn~nksa] ?kVukvksa rFkk ekufp=k dk;Z ds
™ Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkanksyu esa lektoknh #>ku] fdlku lHkk lkFk&lkFk fo'o Hkwxksy ds LFkSfrd Hkkx ij fo'ks"k è;kuA
™ vlg;ksx] lfou; voKk] Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu i`Foh
z rFkk czãkaM] i`Foh dk vkarfjd Hkkx
™ o"kZ 1942 ls Hkkjr dh vk”kknh rd dh ?kVuk,¡ (vk”kkn fgan iQkSt] egk}hiksa
z dk vkdkj] egk}hih; foLFkkiu] Tokykeq•h] Hkwdai
vkj-vkbZ-,u- foæksg vkfn)
i`Foh
z dh xfr;k¡&IysV foorZfudh] leqæ ry çlkj
™ lqèkkj] vfèkfu;e vkSj lfefr;k¡] dkWUxzsl l=k] xouZj tujy vkSj
ok;ljk; LFkykÑfr;k¡]
z vi{k;] o`gn~ {kj.k ,oa vijnu
™ tutkrh; vkSj fdlku vkanksyu] vkèkqfud f'k{kk vkSj çsl dk fodkl] fo'o
z tyok;q] tyok;q oxhZdj.k % dksisu
Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkanksyu ds çfrf"Br O;fDrRo ok;qeaMy]
z xzgh; vkSj LFkkuh; gok,¡
™ vk”kknh ds ckn dk Hkkjr % jkT;ksa dk ,dhdj.k] Hkk"kh; vkèkkj ij
Å"ek
z ctV rFkk Åijh ok;qeaMyh; ifj?kVuk,¡
jkT;ksa dk xBu] pquko
™ vk”kknh ds ckn çeq• jktuhfrd] lkekftd o vkfFkZd ?kVukØe] egklkxj]
z leqæ vkSj yo.krk] egklkxjksa dh furyh; LFkykÑfr
lqèkkj ,oa uhfr;k¡ egklkxjksa
z dh xfr;k¡ % egklkxjh; èkkjk,¡] Tokj] ygjsa
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (tqykbZ o vxLr 2022) tyfo|qr
z pØ] rkieku forj.k rFkk çoky ,oa lacafèkr ifj?kVuk,¡
çkÑfrd
z ouLifr] i;kZoj.k dk laj{k.k % ckáLFkkus] LoLFkkus&tSoeaMy
VsLV dksM 2316 fj”koZ] jk"Vªh; m|ku] oU;tho vHk;kj.; ,oa laLFkku

Hkwxksy e`nk
z rFkk bldh lajpuk] e`nk ds çdkj] vijnu ,oa laj{k.k] çkÑfrd
•rjs vkSj vkink,¡
Hkwxksy (Hkkx&I) % Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy
(HkkSfrd] ekuo vkSj vkfFkZd Hkwxksy) ,f'k;k]
z vÚhdk] mÙkjh vesfjdk] nf{k.k vesfjdk] vaVkdZfVdk] ;wjksi vkSj
vkWLVªsfy;k egk}hih; fo'ks"krk,¡ ,oa ekufp=k dk;Z
Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy (HkkSfrd Hkwxksy) fo'o dk Hkwxksy (ekuo vkSj vkfFkZd Hkwxksy)
vofLFkfr]
™ {ks=k vkSj lhek,¡ xfrfofèk;k¡ %
z çkFkfed] f}rh;d] r`rh;d] prqFkZd vkSj iaped {ks=k
lajpuk
™ ,oa mPpkop % Hkw&vkÑfrd foHkktu& ioZr] Hkkjrh; eSnkuh
lalkèku %
z Hkwfe] ou] ty] •fut rFkk ÅtkZ
{ks=k] çk;}hih; iBkj ,oa Hkkjrh; }hi
rkieku] ncko] ok;q vkSj o"kkZ dk LFkkfud ,oa vLFkk;h forj.kA
™ Ñf"k %
z •srh ds çdkj] iQly iSVuZ] Ñf"k&tyok;q oxhZdj.k] •k| lqj{kk
Hkkjrh; viokg ra=k % fgeky;h rFkk çk;}hih; viokg ra=k
™ m|ksx %
z vofLFkfr dkjd] oxhZdj.k] çeq• m|ksxksa dk foHkktu
Hkkjrh; tyok;q (ekulwu) % {ks=kh; ekSle] tyok;q vkSj ½rq,]¡ pØokr]
™ O;kikj
z rFkk lapkj% egÙoiw.kZ O;kikj ekxZ vkSj js•k,¡] lM+d ekxZ] jsyos]
o"kkZ çk:i] Hkkjr ds tyok;q {ks=k ok;qekxZ] canjxkg] tyekxZ] ikbiykbUl
ikni vkSj i'kq thou] çkÑfrd ouLifr {ks=kh; fHkUurk
™
tula[;k
z ,oa vfèkokl % forj.k ,oa ?kuRo] tkfr;k¡ rFkk tutkfr;k¡]
ou rFkk mudk forj.k] ou laj{k.k
™
tulkaf[;dh; xq.k] çoklu ,oa vfèkokl] lkaLÑfrd dkjd
i;kZoj.k laj{k.k % ,Dl&lhVw] bu&lhVw&ck;ksLiQh;j fj”koZ] jk"Vªh;
™
m|ku] oU;tho vHk;j.k vkSj laxBu djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (fnlacj 2022)
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

14
 VsLV dksM 2317 lsok,¡%
z
orZeku
™ fLFkfr o çn'kZu] vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl
vFkZO;oLFkk ™ O;kikfjd le>kSrs % f}i{kh;] cgqi{kh;] {ks=kh;] lqèkkj vkSj Hkfo"; gsrq
ewy
z voèkkj.kkvksa] ljdkjh ;kstukvksa rFkk uhfr;ksa ij fo'ks"k cyA n`f"Vdks.k
;kstukc¼
™ vkSj fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk] iapo"khZ; ;kstuk,¡] lekos'kh fodkl] o`Qf"k%
z
uhfr vk;ksx ™ Hkwfe lqèkkj vkSj gfjr Økafr] Ñf"k çk:i] i'kqikyu
™ vkfFkZd lqèkkj % mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k] oS'ohdj.k] 1991 ls vc rd ™ •k| çcaèku] ciQj LVkWd] lkoZtfud forj.k ç.kkyh vkSj lfClMh
gq, vkfFkZd lqèkkj ™ ekWMy APMC ,DV] Ñf"k foi.ku vkSj oLrq ok;nk ck”kkj
jk"Vªh; vk; dk ys[kkadu%
z
™ Ñf"k çcaèku % e'khuhdj.k] moZjd] cht cSad] foLrkj lsok,¡
chek%
z
™ ifjHkk"kk] voèkkj.kk,¡ % ldy ?kjsyw mRikn] fuoy ?kjsyw mRikn] ldy
™ m|ksx rFkk lqèkkj] laLFkku ,oa ,tsafl;k¡] ;kstuk,¡
jk"Vªh; mRikn] fuoy jk"Vªh; mRikn] jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk
Hkkjr vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkku%
z
™ dj] lfClMh bR;kfn
™ varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k] fo'o cSad] MIGA] ADB] AIIB fczDl bR;kfn
eqæk ,oa cSafdax%
z
™ eqæk ds dk;Z] eqæk dk fodkl] eqnzk vkiwfrZ bR;kfn lrr~
z fodkl%
™ lrr~ fodkl y{;] tyok;q ifjorZu] isfjl le>kSrk] xzhu iQkbusal]
™ cSafdax % dk;Z rFkk cSadksa ds çdkj] xSj&cSafdax foÙkh; daifu;k¡] cSafdax
uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ] INDC vkSj Hkfo"; gsrq n`f"Vdks.k
lqèkkj] vutZd ifjlaifÙk;k¡] csly ekud bR;kfn
ekuo fodkl%
z
™ dsaæh; cSad] eqæk dh voèkkj.kk] ½.k o ekSfæd uhfr (uxn vkjf{kr
™ HDR] ySafxd eqís] xjhch (vuqeku)] lekos'kh fodkl] tulkaf[;dh;
vuqikr] jsiks vkfn)
fo'ks"krk,¡
™ foÙkh; lekos'ku % tuèku] eqæk] Lo.kZ eqæhdj.k vkSj ckWM~l vkfn
™ lqèkkj % f'k{kk {ks=k] cky] Je] LokLF;] lkekftd {ks=k dh ;kstuk,¡
eqækLiQhfr o jks”kxkj%
z
ppkZ esa jgs egÙoiw.kZ fo"k;%
z
™ eqækLiQhfr % ifjHkk"kk] dkj.k o çdkj] eqækLiQhfr dk fuèkkZj.k o fu;a=k.k] ™ vkfFkZd loZs{k.k] ctV vkSj egÙoiw.kZ uhfr i=k] foeqæhdj.k
eqækLiQhfr dk orZeku Hkkjrh; ifjn`'; ™ tulkaf[;dh; ykHkka'k] lkoZHkkSfed ewyHkwr vk;] cSM cSad] nksgjs rqyu
™ jks”kxkj] csjks”kxkjh (çdkj ,oa çÑfr) i=k dh leL;k]
ljdkjh ctV] lkoZtfud foÙk vkSj jktdks"kh; uhfr%
z ™ cgqi{kh; {ks=kh; çfrcaèk vkSj fooS'ohdj.k
™ ctV fuekZ.k] çdkj] Hkkjr esa bldk fodkl] rFkk Hkfo"; gsrq n`f"Vdks.k ™ vlekurk dk lekèkku % lkekftd {ks=k dh ;kstuk,¡] lkoZHkkSfed LokLF;
™ lkoZtfud foÙk] jktLo rFkk O;;] jktdks"kh; uhfr] ?kkVk lsok o f'k{kk
™ dj lajpuk % i¼fr;k¡& çxfr'khy] çfrxkeh] vkuqikfrd_ dj lqèkkj
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (flracj o vDrwcj 2022)
™ dj ds çdkj& çR;{k] vçR;{k] VAT] GST] CTT] STT] iwathxr
ykHk] MAT bR;kfn VsLV dksM 2318
™ 14ok¡ foÙk vk;ksx] 15ok¡ foÙk vk;ksx& ;kstuk,¡
fons'kh {ks=k] fons'kh O;kikj rFkk eqæk fofue; nj%
z foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh $ i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh
™ Hkqxrku larqyu] O;kikj larqyu] varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj] varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh
™ eqæk (çdkj o çcaèku)] eanh (çdkj o çcaèku) HkkSfrd
z foKku
™ iwath@pkyw •krk ifjorZuh;rk ekud ,oa bdkb;k¡] xfr
™
™ O;kikj lacaèkh eqís vkSj pqukSfr;k¡ % fo'o O;kikj laxBu] ckSf¼d laink ;kaf=kdh vkSj inkFkZ ds xq.k
™
vfèkdkj] GAAR] TRIPS] O;kikj uhfr;k¡ bR;kfnA dk;Z] ÅtkZ vkSj 'kfDr
™
foÙkh; ck”kkj%
z Å"ek] èofu] çdkf'kdh] æo ds xq.k
™
™ iwath % çkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d ck”kkj fo|qr vkSj pqacdRo] xq#Rokd"kZ.k
™
™ eqæk ck”kkj % egÙoiw.kZ 'kCnkoyh ,oa voèkkj.kk,¡] ck”kkj lkèku (jktdks"k ijek.kq vkSj ukfHkdh; HkkSfrdh
™
fcy] okf.kfT;d i=k] ekax eqæk] tek çek.ki=k vkfn) vkèkqfud HkkSfrdh] •xksy foKku vkSj varfj{k foKku
™
m|ksx%
z jlk;u
z foKku
vkS|ksfxd
™ uhfr;k¡] fofuos'k] lM+d] jsyos] ukxfjd mM~M;u] rVh; inkFkZ] jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,¡ vkSj lehdj.k
™
{ks=k] ÅtkZ ifjn`'; ijek.kq dh lajpuk] ijek.kq vkSj v.kq
™
™ ih-ih-ih- ekWMy] LekVZ flVh”k] ;kstuk,¡ vkSj dk;ZØe (esd bu bafM;k] rÙoksa dh vkorZ lkj.kh] jklk;fud vkcaèkhdj.k
™
LVkVZ vi bafM;k] mn; vkfn) dkcZu vkSj mlds jklk;fud ;kSfxd vkWDlhdj.k vkSj vip;u
™
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

15
 vEy]
™ {kkjd vkSj yo.k] èkkrq vkSj vèkkrq oSf'od
™ rkiu] xzhu gkml çHkko] GEF] REDD rFkk REDD$
m"ekxfrdh] uSuks çkS|ksfxdh] cgqyd
™ UNFCCC] D;ksVks] isfjl lEeysu] ckyh] dksisugsxu] dkudqu vkSj
™
nSfud thou esa jlk;u 'kkL=k] Ñf"k vkSj •k| jlk;u 'kkL=k
™ Mjcu f'k•j lEesyu
tSo vkSj vkS"kèkh; jlk;u 'kkL=k
™ dkcZu i`FkDdj.k (lhDosLVªs'ku)] dkcZu flad] dkcZu ØsfMV] dkcZu
™
tho
z foKku vkWiQlsfVax] dkcZu VSDl
ifjp;]
™ thoèkkfj;ksa dk oxhZdj.k Hkw&vfHk;kaf=kdh] egklkxj vEyhdj.k] vkstksu {kj.k
™
dksf'kdk vè;;u] çdk'k la'ys"k.k] ikni foKku
™ Hkkjr
z vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu%
thou çfØ;k,¡] thou dh mRifÙk vkSj Øe&fodkl
™ tyok;q ifjorZu ij jk"Vªh; dk;Z;kstuk] xzhu gkml xSl 'keu] xzhu
™
tSo lapkj] ekuo 'kjhj ds vax&ra=k] iks"k.k
™ fcfYaMx] BSE xzhusDl
vkuqoaf'kdh] jksx vkSj j{kkRed ç.kkyh
™ baVsaMsM us'kuyh fMVjekbaM dkafVªC;w'kUl (INDC)
™
çkS|ksfxdh
z vfèkfu;e]
z uhfr;k¡ vkSj 'keu gsrq j.kuhfr;k¡%
Hkkjr
™ esa foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh i;kZoj.k
™ fuxjkuh vkSj çHkko vkdyu] dkuwu vkSj uhfr;k¡
varfj{k foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh] j{kk çkS|ksfxdh
™ lrr~ fodkl] Hkkjrh; oU;tho laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 1972] i;kZoj.k
™
lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh] lapkj ,oa daI;wVj çkS|ksfxdh
™ (laj{k.k) vfèkfu;e] 1986
tSo çkS|ksfxdh] uSuks çkS|ksfxdh] jkscksfVDl] ys”kj çkS|ksfxdh
™ jk"Vªh; ou uhfr 1988] tSo fofoèkrk vfèkfu;e 2002] vknzHZ kwfe fu;e 2010
™
vfrpkydrk] Ñf=ke cqf¼eÙkk] vkuqoaf'kd vfHk;kaf=kdh
™ vuqlwfpr tutkfr rFkk vU; ikjaifjd ouoklh vfèkfu;e 2006] rVh;
™
vuqç;qDr foKku rFkk vkèkqfud çkS|ksfxdh
™ fofu;eu {ks=k
uohure vuqlaèkku vkSj orZeku fodkl
™ jk"Vªh; gfjr çkfèkdj.k vfèkfu;e 2010] vkstksu vi{k;dkjh inkFkZ
™
i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh fu;e
ikfjfLFkfrdh
z vkSj i;kZoj.k% varjkZ"Vªh;
z vfHkle; vkSj çksVksdkWy%
voèkkj.kk,¡ % ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k] ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k ds
™ i;kZoj.k
™ ,oa fodkl ij la;qDr jk"Vª vfHkle; (UNCED)] tSo
dk;Z] çkÑfrd lalkèku laj{k.k fofoèkrk vfHkle; (CBD)] jkelj dUosa'ku] CITES] IUCN] CMS
LFkyh; vkSj tyh; ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k] leqæh tho] ikfjfLFkfrd vuqØe.k
™ oU;tho O;kikj (TRAFFIC)] rLdjh] (CAWT)] fVacj vkWxZukbts'ku
™
tSo
z fofoèkrk% (ITTO)] Xykscy Vkbxj iQksje (GTF)
ewyHkwr
™ voèkkj.kk,¡] ouLifrtxr rFkk çkf.ktxr] leqæh tho] tSo csly dUosa'ku] LVkWdgkse dUosa'ku] jkWVjMSe dUosa'ku
™
fofoèkrk dks •rjs] la;qDr jk"Vª ejQLFkyhdj.k jksdFkke dUosa'ku (UNCCD)] ouksa ij
™
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™ la;qDr jk"Vª iQksje (UNFF)
vkjf{kr rFkk lqjf{kr ou] lkeqnkf;d fj”koZ] xzke rFkk iapk;r ou] baVjus'kuy Ogsfyax deh'ku (IWC)] fo;uk dUosa'ku ,aM ekWfUVª;y
™
futh lqjf{kr ou] laj{k.k {ks=k bR;kfn çksVksdkWy
tSolqj{kk] ck;ksçksLisfDaVx] tSo&rLdjh
™ i;kZoj.k
z laLFkku ,oa laxBu & Hkkjr%
Hkkjrh; vkSj oSf'od tSo fofoèkrk] lrr~ fodkl] i;kZoj.k fuxjkuh
™ jk"Vªh; oU;tho dk;Z;kstuk] jk"Vªh; ouhdj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh fodkl
™
vkSj çHkko vkdyu cksMZ
tSo
z fofoèkrk laj{k.k ds ç;kl % Hkkjr vkSj fo'o% CAMPA] CEPI-] bZdks&ekdZ] lkekftd okfudh] jk"Vªh; ck¡l fe'ku
™
i;kZoj.k vfèkfu;e vkSj uhfr;k¡] i;kZoj.k lafèk;k¡@vfHkle;
™ jk"Vªh; tSo fofoèkrk çkfèkdj.k] eSaxzkso] jk"Vªh; >hy laj{k.k ;kstuk
™
jsM cqd] IUCN oxhZdj.k% xaHkhj :i ls foyqIrçk;] vuqlwph lwph&
™ Hkkjrh; i'kq dY;k.k cksMZ] oU;tho vijkèk fu;a=k.k C;wjks bR;kfn
™
Hkkjrh; oU;tho laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 1972
ekuo&i'kq Vdjko] çkstsDV Vkbxj] çkstsDV ,yhiQSaV] çkstsDV oYpj]
™
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (uoacj o fnlacj 2022)
çkstsDV VVZy] çkstsDV gaxqy] çkstsDV xaxk MkWfYiQu bR;kfn
VsLV dksM 2319
i;kZoj.kh;
z eqís%
çnw"k.k ds çdkj vkSj ?kVd] ÅtkZ ladV vkSj xSj&ijaijkxr lzksr
™ vkfFkZd losZ{k.k losZ ,oa bafM;k bZ;j cqd
çnw"k.k (ok;q] LekWx] ÝykbZ ,s'k] ikuh] e`nk] èofu] jsfM;ks&lfØ;)]
™
dpjk] bZ&dpjk] tSo&mipkj djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (tuojh 2023)
o`Qf"k%
z VsLV dksM 2320
iQly
™ rFkk bldk oxhZdj.k] iQly ç.kkyh vkSj çk:i •srh ç.kkyh
lrr~ Ñf"k] ,dhÑr •srh ç.kkyh] e`nk foKku
™ djsaV vQs;lZ% fnlacj 2021 ls twu ls tuojh 2023
tyok;q
z ifjorZu ,oa laxBu rFkk 'keu% (n`f"V djsaV viQs;lZ VqMs % tuojh 2022 ls ekpZ 2023 vad)
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

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