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ADVERB
1. Verb 6. Comprehension 11. Unseen Passage
2. Tenses 7. Fill in the blanks 12. Vocabulary
3. Voice 8. Adverb 13. Antonyms/Synonyms
4. Subject-Verb Agreement 9. Error Correction 14. Grammar
5. Articles 10. Sentence 15. Idioms and Phrases etc.
Rearrangement
1. Verb 6. Comprehension 11. Tenses
2. English Grammar 7. Unseen Passage 12. Vocabulary
3. Articles 8. Adverb 13. Antonyms/Synonyms
4. Sentence Rearrangement 9. Error Correction 14. Subject-Verb
Agreement
5. Idioms and Phrases 10. Fill in the blanks 15. Voice
POSITION OF ADVERBS
It is very essential to use Adverb near the word which it modifies. If it is used
at the wrong place, the meaning of the sentence may change.
Examples:
1) Only, She saw my new dress. (के वल उसने ककसी और ने नहीं |)
2) She only saw my new dress. (के वल देखा, और कुछ नहीं ककया |)
3) She saw only my new dress. (के वल मेरी dress, ककसी और की नहीं |)
4) She saw my only new dress. (एकमात्र dress जो मेरे पास थी |)
5) She saw my new dress only. (के वल dress, पुस्तक या कुछ और नहीं |)
POSITION OF ADVERBS
(C) Adverb of Place/ Time is also written at the end of the sentence.
Examples:
1) He went there. (Adverb of Place)
2) He came yesterday. (Adverb of Time)
POSITION OF ADVERBS
(D)
(i) If in a sentence Adverbs of (Manner + Place + Time) are given together.
Its right sequence of writing is Manner + Place + Time
1) He sang in the town hall well last night. (×)
He sang well in the town hall last night. (√)
Manner Place Time
NOTE:- Error is asked in the question by changing the right order of Adverb.
POSITION OF ADVERBS
1) Partial Inversion:-
Adverb + Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb
2) Complete Inversion:-
Adverb + Helping Verb + Main Verb + Subject
LAW OF INVERSION
1) Partial Inversion:-
Adverb + Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb
Example:
1) No sooner did the thief see the police than he ran away.
Adverb + Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb
2) Seldom does he visit his parents.
3) Hardly/ Scarcely had she reached the station when the train arrived.
LAW OF INVERSION
2) Complete Inversion:-
Adverb + Helping Verb + Main Verb + Subject
Example:
1) Under a tree was lying a tired old man.
Adverb + Helping Verb + Main Verb + Subject
2) Here comes John!
3) Just outside the gate was standing a girl.
LAW OF INVERSION
USES OF INVERSION
1) When a sentence starts with Adverbs “Seldom, never, hardly, scarcely,
rarely”, we use Partial Inversion in the sentence.
Example:
1) Seldom have I seen such a beautiful sight.
Adverb + Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb
LAW OF INVERSION
2) When a sentence starts with ‘No sooner’, Partial Inversion is used in it.
Example:
1) No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away.
No sooner + Helping Verb (Had) + Subject + V3
2) No sooner did the thief see the police than he ran away.
No sooner + Helping Verb (Did) + Subject + V1
LAW OF INVERSION
3) If a sentence starts with “Only” and after it there is use of any
Adverb or Adverbial Expression (Only yesterday, only the day
before yesterday, only last month, only after a year, only in a few
countries, only in this way, only then etc.), we use Partial Inversion
after it.
➢ Only + Adverb / Adverbial Expression + Partial Inversion
Example:
1) Only by working hard did he get success.
Only + Adv. Expression + Helping Verb + Sub. + Main Verb
2) Only yesterday did he come.
LAW OF INVERSION
10) When two Verbs are joined by using Not only and but
also and the sentence starts with Not only.
In this case after Not only, Partial Inversion is used.
Example:
1) Not only did she read but she also wrote.
Not only + H.V. + Sub. + M.V.
LAW OF INVERSION
11) Generally in Direct Narration, First of all Reporting Verb
is given and then Reported Speech is given.
But in case Reported Speech is written first and then Reporting Verb,
the Subject of the Reporting Verb is Noun then in this case in “Reporting
Verb” Inversion is used.
Example:
1) “Let us go to the movies” said Mohan. (Inversion is used)
In the same situation when the Reporting Verb is Pronoun, no inversion is used.
1) ‘Let us go to the movies’ He said, (No Inversion is used)
LAW OF INVERSION
11) Generally in Direct Narration, First of all Reporting Verb
is given and then Reported Speech is given.
But in case Reported Speech is written first and then Reporting Verb,
the Subject of the Reporting Verb is Noun then in this case in “Reporting
Verb” Inversion is used.
Example:
1) “Let us go to the movies”, Mohan said. (×)
“Let us go to the movies”, said Mohan. (√)
Verb Sub. (Noun)
LAW OF INVERSION
Examples:
1) He behaved miserly. (×)
He behaved in a miserly manner. (√)
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
These words are:
Noun Adjective Adverb
Miser Miserly in a miserly manner
Niggard Niggardly in a niggardly manner
Coward Cowardly
Order Orderly
Friend Friendly
Gentleman Gentlemanly
Man Manly
Sick Sickly
Week Weekly
Sloven Slovenly
Month Monthly
Uses of some Adverbs
1. Difference between Very and Much
Very Much
(A) It is used with Positive Degree. It is used with Comparative Degree.
Examples: very good, very wise, very Examples: much better, much wiser,
lucky, very honest etc. much luckier, much more honest etc.
NOTE: In case of ‘Very much’ Comparative Degree is used.
➢ Very Much + Comparative Degree
Examples: very much better, very much wiser, very much luckier etc.
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
NOTE: Very or Much is used with Superlative Degree too.
Very Much
(B) In this case, the structure is In this case, the structure is
“The + Very + Superlative Degree” “Much + the + Superlative Degree”
Example: The very best student Example: Much the best student
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
NOTE: Use of Very or Much with Participles.
Very Much
(C) “Very” is used with Present “Much” is used with Past Participle.
Participle. Examples: much surprised, much
Examples: very interesting, very daring, grieved, much admired etc.
very boring, very entertaining etc.
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
EXCEPTION: We have studied that “Very” is used with Present Participle and
“Much” is used with Past Participle. But in some cases, “Very” is used with Past
Participle too.
These are: Very tired, very dejected, very contented, very discontented, very
pleased, very drunk, very limited, very delighted etc.
Examples: Examples:
fairly wise, fairly good etc. rather bad, rather difficult, rather
worse etc.
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
Fairly Rather
(B) With “Fairly”, we do not use With “Rather” we use “too”.
“too”.
Example: fairly too good (×) Example: rather too good (√)
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
Fairly Rather
(C) After “Fairly”, we use Pleasant After “Rather”, we use Unpleasant
Adjectives. Adjectives.
Examples: Examples:
fairly wise, fairly beautiful etc. rather wicked, rather difficult, rather
troublesome etc.
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
Fairly Rather
(D) With “Fairly”, we use following With “Rather”, we use following
structure: a + fairly + Adj. + Noun structures:
(a) a + rather + Adj. + Noun
Example: a fairly good book.
Adj. Noun (b) rather + a/ an + Adj. + Noun
Example: 1) a rather difficult problem.
Adj. Noun
2) rather a difficult problem.
Adj. Noun
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
NOTE:
(ii) Sometimes in a sentence where “too.....to” Conjunction is used after
“too” Pleasant Adjective can also be written.
1) He is too intelligent to be cheated.
(= He is so intelligent that he cannot be cheated.)
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
Too + Adjective Very + Adjective
4) Uses of “So”:
(A) “So” cannot be used in place of “Very”.
Example:
(1) I am so happy. (×)
I am very happy. (√)
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
4) Uses of “So”:
(B) “So” should be followed by “that” (Adverb Clause), in sense of
“Too …….. to”.
Example: 1) He is too weak to walk. (Simple sentence)
He is so weak that he cannot walk. (Complex sentence)
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
5) Enough
“Enough” is used in 2 ways:
(A) As an Adverb
(B) As an Adjective
(A) As an Adverb: When “Enough” is used as an “Adverb” it is written
after Adjective which it modifies.
1) He is wise enough to understand your intention.
(B) As an Adjective: When ‘Enough’ is used as an Adjective it is
written before Noun which it modifies.
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
5) Enough
“Enough” is used in 2 ways:
(A) As an Adverb
(B) As an Adjective
(A) As an Adverb: When “Enough” is used as an “Adverb” it is written after
Adjective which it modifies.
Example:
1) He is wise enough to understand your intention.
Adjective + Adverb
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
(B) As an Adjective: When “Enough” is used as an “Adjective” it is
written before Noun which it modifies.
Example: 1) He has enough money to buy this car.
Adjective + Noun
NOTE: Before “Enough” when Adverb or Adjective is used, it will be in
Positive Degree not Comparative or Superlative Degree.
(means Positive Degree + Enough)
Example: 1) She is faster enough to defeat you. (×)
She is fastest enough to defeat you. (×)
She is fast enough to defeat you. (√)
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
2) He is (A)/ greater enough (B)/ to pardon (C)/ you. (D)/ No Error (E)
3) She is the luckiest (A)/ enough to be (B)/ selected for (C)/ this post. (D)/ No Error (E)
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
6) Uses of “Yet”:
“Yet” is used in 2 ways:
(A) As a Conjunction
(B) As an Adverb
(A) As a Conjunction: When “Yet” is used as a “Conjunction”, we
use it after Although or though.
Example: 1) Though/Although he is rich yet he is miser.
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
➢ With “Yet” Present Perfect tense is used and not Simple Past tense.
➢ It is used in Negative or Interrogative Sentences and not in
Affirmative Sentence.
➢ It is used after “Verb” or after “Verb + Object”.
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
Examples:
1) The postman did not come yet. (×)
2) The postman has not come yet. (√)
3) Didn’t the postman come yet? (×)
4) Hasn’t the postman come yet? (√)
5) I haven't eaten breakfast yet. (√)
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
Example:
1) He arrived early in the meeting.
(वह सभा में समय से पहले आया |)
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
Examples:
1) He will come presently.
2) They will go shortly.
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
➢ Just Now: “Just Now” means “a short time ago” (कुछ समय पहले) or “a
moment ago” (एक क्षर् पहले).
In this case, “Simple Past Tense” is used.
Examples:
1) They left home just now.
Simple Past Just Now
NOTE: “Just” means “a moment ago”, it is used in Present Perfect Tense.
“Just Now” means “a moment ago”, it is used in Simple Past Tense.
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
2) The Captain came presently but I can't say where he has slipped out unnoticed. (×)
The Captain came just now but I can't say where he has slipped out unnoticed. ()
In the above sentence, “Presently” will not be used because Presently/ Shortly are
“Adverbs of Time” and their meaning is “Without delay” and are used in Simple
Future Tense.
Here, Just Now will be used which means “a moment ago”, it is used in Simple Past
Tense.
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
18) There are some words which are used in same form both as an Adverb
and as an Adjective.
[कुछ शब्द एक ही रूप (Form) में Adverb और Adjective की तरह प्रयोग होते हैं |]
These words are:
Fast, straight, outright, direct, hard, late, high, safe, quiet etc.
Adjective Adverb
1) This is a hard task. He works hard.
2) He came by an early flight. He wakes up early.
3) We should not speak in a loud tone. Don't talk loud.
4) He is a fast runner. Run fast.
5) He went on a long journey. He waited long for his friend.
6) She is of my near relation. Come near.
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
18) There are some words which are used in same form both as an Adverb
and as an Adjective.
[कुछ शब्द एक ही रूप (Form) में Adverb और Adjective की तरह प्रयोग होते हैं |]
These words are:
Fast, straight, outright, direct, hard, late, high, safe, quiet etc.
Adjective Adverb
7) He is an outright person. She rejected my application outright.
8) Can you draw a straight line. He went straight to the office.
9) The house has a high wall. The desk was piled high with papers.
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
19) There are some Adverbs which are used in different forms with different
meanings:
(A) Late Lately
1) He came late for the meeting. I haven't seen Alka lately.
(B) Hard Hardly
1) She works hard to make both ends meet. He hardly does any work.
(C) Free Freely
1) Rides are provided free in this water park. We can move about freely in
India.
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
(“Loudly” और “Aloud” Adverbs हैं लेककन अथथ में कभन्न | “Aloud” का अथथ है
इतनी तीज आवाज़ ताकक वक्ता audible हो परन्तु “Loudly” का अथथ है जोर से बोलना
कजससे शोर होता है |)
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
20) While answering a question the Adverb “Yes” or “No” should be used
according to the affirmative and negative answer.
Example:
1) Have you taken food?
Yes, I have.
2) Have you taken food?
No, I haven't.
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
21) We don't use “Never” in Past time duration because “Never” means not
at all throughout life.
Example: 1) I never went to Ooty last year. (×)
I did not go to Ooty last year. ()
Use of “Never remember” is inappropriate. We write it in following way:
➢ “Helping Verb + not + Remember”
or “remember never” for same expression.
1) I never remember to have said so. (×)
I do not remember to have said so. ()
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB
21) We don't use “Never” in Past time duration because “Never” means not at all
throughout life.
Example: 1) I never went to Ooty last year. (×)
I did not go to Ooty last year. ()
Use of “Never remember” is inappropriate. We write it in following way:
➢ “Helping Verb + not + Remember”
or “remember never” for same expression.
1) I never remember to have said so. (×)
I do not remember to have said so. ()
SOME IMPORTANT RULES OF ADVERB