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AS CIÊNCIAS DA EMOÇÃO ESTÃO IMPREGNADAS DE POLÍTICA?

CATHERINE LUTZ E A QUESTÃO DO GÊNERO DAS EMOÇÕES!


Vinciane Despret!

RESUMO

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ARE EMOTION SCIENCES FULL OF POLITICS?


CATHERINE LUTZ AND THE QUESTION OF THE GENDER OF EMOTIONS
ABSTRACT

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Tradução de Carlos Marconi. Revisado por Marianne Strumpf.
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