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Texto est une collection des éditions Tallandier
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Introduction
Généralités
1 - Climat et météorologie, quelles différences ?
2 - Comment a varié le climat dans l'espace et dans le temps ?
3 - Quels sont les principaux facteurs qui gouvernent l'évolution climatique
de la Terre ?
4 - À quoi sont dus les changements climatiques terrestres ?
5 - Comment le climat a-t-il varié depuis la formation de la Terre ?
6 - La dérive des continents influence-t-elle le climat terrestre ?
7 - Les changements climatiques sont-ils rapides ou lents ?
8 - Y a-t-il eu de graves accidents climatiques ?
Le système terre
9 - Comment l'énergie solaire et l'effet de serre pilotent-ils le climat ?
10 - Y a-t-il un ou des climats de la Terre ?
11 - Comment fonctionne la circulation atmosphérique ?
12 - Quel rôle joue l'océan dans le climat ?
13 - Comment les gaz à effet de serre influencent-ils le climat ?
14 - Quel rôle climatique joue la biosphère végétale ?
15 - L'invention de l'agriculture a-t-elle changé le climat ?
16 - Les calottes de glace sont-elles éternelles ?
17 - Existe-t-il d'autres « bombes à retardement climatiques » ?
18 - Comment se répartissent les déserts ?
19 - D'où viennent les moussons d'été ?
20 - Le volcanisme peut-il transformer le climat ?
21 - Comment reconstituer les climats passés ?
La géopolitique du climat
51 - Qu'est-ce que la Convention Climat de l'ONU ?
52 - Quelles sont les forces et les faiblesses de la Convention sur le climat ?
53 - L'Accord de Paris, en 2015, résout-il le problème climatique ?
54 - Pourquoi l'objectif des 1,5 °C a-t-il été inscrit dans l'Accord de Paris ?
55 - Qu'appelle-t-on la justice climatique ?
56 - Serait-il plus pertinent de mesurer l'empreinte carbone de chaque pays ?
La France
97 - Quelles sont les émissions de gaz à effet de serre de la France ?
98 - La France est-elle un bon élève du climat ?
99 - Est-ce que les Français comprennent le changement climatique ?
100 - Puisque la France pèse 1 % de la population, que peut-elle faire ?
Conclusion
Ce qui semble raisonnable ?
Quelles sont ces fausses pistes ?
Glossaire
Bibliographie sélective
Remerciements
HISTOIRE ET MÉCANISMES
DU CLIMAT
GÉNÉRALITÉS
1
*
Full many a rose, the poet tells us, is born to blush unseen, and
waste its sweetness to the desert air. Mr. Trimblerigg’s rose had
experienced a somewhat different fate; it may have wasted its
sweetness, but it had not blushed altogether unseen; and though it
died blushing for itself, it had not lived in vain. The conversion of
Caroline to its spiritual significance had proved unimportant; the
realization by Mr. Trimblerigg of its extreme inconvenience had made
a temporary but not a permanent impression upon him, as further
record will show. Davidina had not seen it at all, it had snuffed itself
out at the sight of her. But somebody else had seen it, and had
realized not merely its spiritual significance, but its potential value,
which Mr. Trimblerigg had missed, or too hastily despaired of. And
the person in question had seen it not once but twice, on two
separate occasions.
When Mrs. James told Isabel Sparling that Mr. Trimblerigg was not at
home and had already left town, Miss Sparling had either the sense
or the instinct not to believe her. And being a determined character,
she had hung about at a respectful distance, keeping her eye on the
door, rather expecting him to come out of it than to go into it. Muffled
in veil and cloak—the former to conceal her bandaged face—she
had walked up and down the farther pavement, with her senses alert
for the coming or going of that familiar figure, until in the early
gathering dusk, the apparition passed her, going with haste along the
verge of the pavement in the line of the lamp-lights.
Isabel Sparling had this advantage over others who had seen, or
doubted that they could have seen, that same mystical appearance
in the earlier hours of the day. She was herself a spiritualist and a
visionary; she believed in things which the world in general did not,
and was on the look-out for them. She had recently, among her other
beliefs, become a Second Adventist, and was looking for the end of
the world; this event was to be preceded by a great war, by
earthquake, by things happening to the sun and moon; by the
opening of the seven seals upon a certain box which had recently
come into her custody, and by the reappearance of saints from their
graves, preparatory to the reappearance of others who were not
saints. And for all these things she was already hungrily expectant,
when she met a halo walking down the street. It came upon her
suddenly round a corner, and had passed before she fully realized
that it encircled the head of the man whose false friendship had
changed her feelings to enmity. Her intention, in seeking him out and
lying in wait for him, had been to return in person the money he had
left for her; and though she had meant to thank him for his good
services, she had not meant entirely to forgive him, but rather to
explore his spiritual condition, and warn him, as she had begun
warning the world at large, of the wrath that was to come.
But seeing him there, with head clothed in light, her feelings toward
him changed. She was seized with an instant conviction that she had
misread his character, or that she had not made allowances for the
difficulties of one destined to fulfil a high mission in the spiritual crisis
which the world was now approaching. The sight of him thus
augustly changed, speeding furtively along, avoiding human
recognition, filled her with awe and humility; she could not go and
return money to a head in a halo; she could not, with the emotion of
that discovery fresh upon her, follow him, ring the bell and ask for
him—perhaps only to be denied. But twenty-four hours later, after
much spiritual wrestling with herself and him (for her thoughts
thereafter were never quit of him) she did find courage to go and
knock at the door of the Mollusc wherein he had secreted himself
from the world—the knock which he had heard and thought might be
Davidina; and when the dull Caroline, without recognition or inquiry,
had told her, in the double sense, that he was not at home, she let
herself be turned away without protest; and standing forlorn,
contemplative of that quiet scene of shore, river and star-brimmed
sky, saw away in the mid-distance a globed cluster of moving light
crossing the small foot-bridge, and making for the fields beyond.
Then to her also came the sense of a mission, and prevailing in
weakness she stole after him.
Following at a devout, that is to say at more than a respectful
distance, she saw him dimly by his light rather than by his form,
cross the field and halt at the stile to pray.
Drawing nearer, she durst not then intrude on him; and when he had
got upon his feet and passed on, she, following close after, found an
impediment of an insuperable kind awaiting her.
Isabel Sparling was mortally afraid of cows; and there one stood in
her way; and after standing for awhile and gazing at her with a
munching movement of the mouth which she felt sure meant
mischief, it lay down upon the footpath to wait for its prey to come
over.
And thus it was that, without a full clue to its meaning, she became
spectator to the unexplained scene of horror which followed after.
She watched his light resting at the level-crossing to await the
passing of a train, then saw it dwindle and merge in the broad band
of fire amid which the junketing fair sat and bubbled; and wondered
whether he had gone there to preach repentance like Jonah to the
inhabitants of Nineveh. Her next sight of him was fleeing before a
crowd that seemed thirsting for his blood, awhile holding his own, but
presently losing ground, then by the intervention of Providence
gaining more than he had lost. As he came headlong toward her, she
nerved herself for his deliverance, was prepared to stand between
him and the hungry crowd, declare his sanctity, die if need be
instead of him; and so she would have done had not the cow got
suddenly upon its feet—hind legs first in that horrible way which
cows have when they intend to toss people.
That finished her, she saw the rest of the chase from a distance,
heard the crash of the broken bridge, cries, curses; and presently
met a crowd of maimed larrikins, muddy, drenched and miserable,
carrying each other home. But even had she then dared to go
further, and inquire for more news that the angry comments of the
crowd gave of his escape, the broken bridge prevented her; and the
next day, stealing by furtive ways to watch unobserved, she saw Mr.
Trimblerigg clothed and in his right mind, tended by female relatives,
accompanied by his children, and his glory all gone from him.
And that, for the time being, was the conclusion of the matter; but not
the real conclusion, for then came war; and Isabel Sparling, girding
up her spiritual loins, preached that the world was to end,—that her
people and her native country were to be punished for their sins, but
other countries much more. Gradually, swayed by the patriotic
crowds which gathered to hear her and cheer on others to do their
fighting, she became harder upon the other countries, and let her
own and its allies off; and before the war had been on a twelvemonth
they had all become angels of light, chosen vessels, ministering
spirits and flames of fire. For that is what war does; while in a
physical sense it paints most things red, in a moral sense it paints
them black or white; and the black is the enemy, and the white is
ourselves; and the neutral, if neutral there be, is a dirty tint which
badly needs washing.