Mlanges

Ccile Morrisson
ORIENT ET MDITERRANE (UMR 8167) BYZANCE
COllgE DE FRANCE INsTITUT DTUDEs BYZANTINEs
TRAVAUX ET MMOIRES
Fonds par Paul lemerle
Continus par gilbert Dagron
Comit de rdaction :
Jean-Claude Cheynet, Vincent Droche, Denis Feissel,
Bernard Flusin, Constantin Zuckerman
secrtariat de rdaction, relecture et composition :
Emmanuelle Capet
Avec le concours de Delphine lauritzen
Association des Amis du Centre dHistoire et Civilisation de Byzance 2010
IsBN 978-2-916716-28-2
IssN 0577-1471
COl l gE DE F RANCE CNRs
CE NTRE DE RE CHE RCHE D HI s TOI RE
E T CI VI l I s ATI ON DE BY ZANCE
TRAVAUx ET MMOIREs
16
Mlanges
Ccile Morrisson
Ouvrage publi avec le concours
de la fondation Ebersolt du Collge de France
et de luniversit Paris-Sorbonne
Association des Amis du Centre dHistoire et Civilisation de Byzance
52, rue du Cardinal-lemoine 75005 Paris
2010
abrviations
ACO Acta conciliorum oecumenicorum, ed. instituit E. schwartz, continuavit J. straub,
Berlin 1914-1940.
ACO, ser. sec. Acta conciliorum oecumenicorum. Series secunda, ed. R. Riedinger, Berlin 1984-.
AIIN Annali dellIstituto italiano di numismatica Roma. Roma.
AJA American journal of archaeology. Boston.
AJN American journal of numismatics. New York.
AnatSt Anatolian studies. london.
AnBoll Analecta Bollandiana. Bruxelles.
Annales ESC Annales, conomie, socits, civilisations. Paris.
Anne pigr. LAnne pigraphique. Paris.
ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der rmischen Welt : Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel
der neueren Forschung, hrsg. von H. Temporini et al., Berlin 1972-.
ANSMN American numismatic society. Museum notes. New York.
AnTard Antiquit tardive. Turnhout.
APF Archiv fr Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete. Mnchen leipzig.
BAH Bibliothque archologique et historique. Beyrouth.
BASOR Bulletin of the American schools of oriental research. Atlanta.
BCH Bulletin de correspondance hellnique. Paris.
BEFAR Bibliothque des coles franaises dAthnes et de Rome. Paris Rome.
BGU Aegyptische Urkunden aus den Kniglichen (Staatlichen) Museen zu Berlin, Griechische
Urkunden. Berlin.
BIFAO Bulletin de lInstitut franais darchologie orientale du Caire. le Caire.
BMC W. Wroth, Catalogue of the imperial Byzantine coins in the British Museum,
london 1908.
BMGS Byzantine and modern Greek studies. leeds.
BNC 1 et 2 C. Morrisson, Catalogue des monnaies byzantines de la Bibliothque nationale 1,
DAnastase I
er
Justinien II (491-711) ; 2, De Philippicus Alexis III (711-1204),
Paris 1970.
BSFN Bulletin de la Socit franaise de numismatique. Paris.
BSl. Byzantinoslavica : revue internationale des tudes byzantines. Praha.
Byz. Byzantion : revue internationale des tudes byzantines. Wetteren.
Byz. Forsch. Byzantinische Forschungen : internationale Zeitschrift fr Byzantinistik. Amsterdam.
BZ Byzantinische Zeitschrift. Berlin.
CArch Cahiers archologiques. Paris.
CCsg Corpus christianorum. series graeca. Turnhout.
CCsl Corpus christianorum. series latina. Turnhout.
CEFR Collection de lcole franaise de Rome. Rome.
CFHB Corpus fontium historiae Byzantinae.
CIL Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum. Berlin 1963-.
ABRVIATIONs
xII
CJ Corpus iuris ciuilis. 2, Codex Justinianus, rec. P. Krger, Berlin 1877.
CNI Corpus nummorum Italicorum. Roma 1910-.
CPG Clavis patrum Graecorum. Turnhout 1974-2003.
CPR Corpus Papyrorum Raineri. Wien 1895-.
CR Classical Review. Oxford.
CRAI Comptes rendus. Acadmie des inscriptions et belles-lettres. Paris.
CRIPEL Cahiers de recherches de lInstitut de papyrologie et dgyptologie de Lille. Villeneuve-
dAscq.
CsCO Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium. louvain.
CsHB Corpus scriptorum historiae Byzantinae. Bonn.
DChAE . Athnes.
DOC I A. R. Bellinger, Catalogue of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks collection
and in the Whittemore collection. 1, Anastasius I to Maurice 491-602, Washington
DC 1966.
DOC II, 1 Ph. grierson, Catalogue of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks collection
and in the Whittemore collection. 2, Phocas to Theodosius III, 602-717. 1, Phocas
and Heraclius, 602-641, Washington DC 1968.
DOC III, 1 Ph. grierson, Catalogue of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks collection
and in the Whittemore collection. 3, Leo III to Nicephorus III, 717-1081. 1, Leo III
to Michael III, 717-867, Washington DC 1973.
DOC III, 2 Ph. grierson, Catalogue of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks collection
and in the Whittemore collection. 3, Leo III to Nicephorus III, 717-1081. 2, Basil I
to Nicephorus III, 867-1081, Washington DC 1993.
DOC IV M. Hendy, Catalogue of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks collection and
in the Whittemore collection. 4, Alexius I to Michael VIII, 1081-1261. 1, Alexius I to
Alexius V (1081-1204) ; 2, The emperors of Nicaea and their contemporaries (1204-
1261), Washington DC 1999.
DOC V Ph. grierson, Catalogue of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks collection
and in the Whittemore collection. 5, Michael VIII to Constantine XI, 1258-1453,
Washington DC 1999.
DOP Dumbarton Oaks papers. Washington
DOs Dumbarton Oaks studies. Cambridge Mass.
DOSeals 1-6 Catalogue of Byzantine seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art.
1, Italy, North of the Balkans, North of the Black Sea, ed. by J. Nesbitt and
N. Oikonomides, Washington DC 1991 ; 2, South of the Balkans, the Islands,
South of Asia Minor, ed. by J. Nesbitt and N. Oikonomides, Washington DC
1994 ; 3, West, Northwest, and Central Asia Minor and the Orient, ed. by J. Nesbitt
and N. Oikonomides, Washington DC 1996 ; 4, Te East, ed. by E. Mcgeer,
J. Nesbitt and N. Oikonomides, Washington DC 2001 ; 5, Te East (continued),
Constantinople and environs, unknown locations, addenda, uncertain readings, ed. by
E. Mcgeer, J. Nesbitt and N. Oikonomides, Washington DC 2005 ; 6, Emperors,
patriarchs of Constantinople, addenda, ed. by J. Nesbitt, Washington DC 2009.
DOT Dumbarton Oaks texts. Washington.
DTC Dictionnaire de thologie catholique : contenant lexpos des doctrines de la thologie
catholique, leurs preuves et leur histoire, commenc sous la dir. de A. Vacant,
continu sous celle de E. Mangenot, Paris, 1899-1968.
ABRVIATIONs
xIII
EEBS . Athnes.
EHB The economic history of Byzantium : from the seventh through the fifteenth century,
A. E. laiou, ed.-in-chief (DOs 39), Washington DC 2002.
EKEE . Nicosie.
EO chos dOrient : revue dhistoire, de gographie et de liturgie orientales. Bucarest.
FHG Fragmenta historicorum Graecorum, Paris 1841-1872.
GRBS Greek, Roman and Byzantine studies. Durham.
HBN Hamburger Beitrge zur Numismatik. Hamburg.
IG Inscriptiones Graecae. Berlin 1903-.
IGLS Inscriptions grecques et latines de la Syrie, Beyrouth Paris 1929-.
ILS H. Dessau, Inscriptiones Latinae selectae, Berlin 1892-1916.
IRAIK Izvestija Russkogo arheologieskogo instituta v Konstantinopole. sofija.
JESHO Journal of the economic and social history of the Orient. leiden.
JHS The Journal of Hellenic studies. london.
JNG Jahrbuch fr Numismatik und Geldgeschichte. Mnchen.
JB Jahrbuch der sterreichischen Byzantinistik. Wien.
JRA Journal of Roman archaeology : an international journal. Portsmouth.
JRS The Journal of Roman studies. london.
MEC Ph. grierson and M. Blackburn, Medieval European coinage : with a catalogue
of the coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. 1, The early Middle Ages
(5
th
-10
th
centuries), Cambridge 1986. Ph. grierson, l. Travaini, Medieval
European coinage. 14, Italy. 3, South Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Cambridge 1998.
MEFRA Mlanges de lcole franaise de Rome. Antiquit. Rome Paris.
MEFRM Mlanges de lcole franaise de Rome. Moyen ge. Rome Paris.
MgH Monumenta germaniae historica. Berlin.
MIB I W. Hahn, Moneta Imperii Byzantini. 1, Von Anastasius I. bis Justinianus I.
(491-565) : einschliesslich der ostgotischen und vandalischen Prgungen (Verffent-
lichungen der numismatischen Kommission 1), Wien 1973.
MIB II W. Hahn, Moneta Imperii Byzantini. 2, Von Justinus II bis Phocas (565-610) :
einschliesslich der Prgungen der Heraclius-Revolte und mit Nachtrgen zum 1. Band
(Verffentlichungen der numismatischen Kommission 4), Wien 1975.
MIB III W. Hahn, Moneta Imperii Byzantini. 3, Von Heraclius bis Leo III./ Alleinregierung
(610-720) (Verffentlichungen der numismatischen Kommission 10), Wien
1981.
MIBE I M. A. Metlich, Money of the incipient Byzantine Empire. Anastasius I Justinian I,
491-565 (Verffentlichungen des Instituts fr Numismatik und geldgeschichte
der Universitt Wien 6), Wien 2000.
MIBE II W. Hahn et M. A. Metlich, Money of the incipient Byzantine Empire. Justin II
Revolt of the Heraclii, 565-610 (Verffentlichungen des Instituts fr Numismatik
und geldgeschichte der Universitt Wien 13), Wien 2009.
MM Acta et diplomata Graeca Medii Aevi sacra et profana collecta, ed. F. Miklosich et
J. Mller, Athnes Wien 1860-1867.
MUSJ Mlanges de lUniversit Saint-Joseph. Beyrouth.
NAC Quaderni ticinesi di numismatica e antichit classiche. lugano.
NC The Numismatic chronicle. london.
ABRVIATIONs
xIV
NCirc Numismatic circular. london.
Nos Hell. . Athnes.
Nov. Corpus iuris civilis. 3, Novellae, rec. R. schoell, absolvit g. Kroll, Berlin 1895.
NSA Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. Notizie degli scavi di antichit. Roma.
OCA Orientalia Christiana analecta. Roma.
OCP Orientalia Christiana periodica : commentarii de re orientali aetatis christianae sacra
et profana. Roma.
ODB Oxford dictionary of Byzantium, A. P. Kazhdan ed. in chief, New York 1991.
PBE Prosopography of the Byzantine Empire. 1, 614867, ed. by J. R. Martindale,
Aldershot 2001.
Pg Patrologiae cursus completus. series graeca, accur. J.-P. Migne, Paris 1856-1866.
PLP Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit, erstellt von E. Trapp, unter Mitarbeit
von R. Walther und H.-V. Beyer ; mit einem Vorwort von H. Hunger. Wien
1976-.
PLRE The Prosopography of the later Roman Empire, by A. H. M. Jones, J. R. Martindale
& J. Morris, Cambridge 1971-1992.
PmbZ Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit. Berlin 1998-.
PO Patrologia Orientalis. Paris.
RA Revue archologique. Paris.
Ralls-Potls , d. g. A. Ralls & M. Potls, Athnes
1852-1859.
RBN Revue belge de numismatique. Bruxelles.
RE Paulys Realencyclopdie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, stuttgart Mnchen
1894-1997.
REA Revue des tudes anciennes. Bordeaux.
REB Revue des tudes byzantines. Paris.
RIN Rivista italiana di numismatica e scienze affini. Milano.
RN Revue numismatique. Paris.
ROC Revue de lOrient chrtien. Paris.
SBS Studies in Byzantine sigillography.
sC sources chrtiennes. Paris.
SEG Supplementum epigraphicum Graecum.
stT studi e testi. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Citt del Vaticano.
Syn. CP Synaxarium Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae e codice Sirmondiano nunc Berolinensi,
adiectis synaxariis selectis, Propylaeum ad Acta Sanctorum Novembris, d.
H. Delehaye, Bruxelles 1902.
TIB Tabula Imperii Byzantini. Wien.
Tll Thesaurus linguae latinae.
TM Travaux et mmoires. Paris.
VTIB Verffentlichungen der Kommission fr die Tabula Imperii Byzantini. Wien.
VV Vizantijskij Vremennik. Moscou.
Zepos Jus Graecoromanum, cur. J. et P. Zepos, Athnes 1931.
ZPE Zeitschrift fr Papyrologie und Epigraphik. Bonn.
ZRVI Zbornik radova Vizantolokog Instituta. Beograd.
Mlanges Ccile Morrisson, Travaux et Mmoires 16, Paris 2010, p. 663-673.
REASSESSING THE GOLD COINAGE OF BASIL I :
THE TESTIMONY OF AN UNKNOWN BYZANTINE
PATTERN COIN
by Vasiliki Penna
The present study is based on a rare copper pattern coin, at least designated as
such by the auction house from which it was purchased;
1
this piece is today in the coin
collection of the Greek Welfare Foundation for Social and Cultural Affairs at Athens.
2

The formerly circular shape of the coin has been modified, since its circumference had
been clipped.
On the obverse is a frontal bust of Christ, with cross behind head, raising his right
hand in benediction and holding in his left a Gospel-book adorned with precious stones.
This is clearly the iconographic type of Christ that appears on the solidi struck during the
reign of Michael III, perhaps after the Triumph of Orthodoxy in 843.
3
The accompanying
legend reads InSuSX-RISOS, and it is the same as the one on these solidi. On the
reverse are two facing imperial busts with diadem surmounted by cross; to left Basil I,
bearded, wearing loros over divitision, and to right his son and co-emperor Constantine,
smaller and beardless, wearing chlamys; they hold between them a labarum ornamented
with four pellets in cross shape and streamers. The accompanying legend, only partially
preserved due to the clipping, reads [+bASI]LIOSeCOnSAnuBB (fig. 1).
4
1. Classical Numismatic Group, Mail Bid Sale 69 (8 June 2005), lot 1866.
2. The numismatic collection of the Welfare Foundation for Social and Cultural Affairs (K.I.K.P.E.)
comprises approx. 3,000 coins, which were acquired in Western Europe and USA at various sales held
by auction houses. The main core of the collection is constitued of ancient Greek and Byzantine bronze/
copper coins. The K.I.K.P.E. coin collection has been assigned to the Benaki Museum, to put it to
good use, in reciprocitation for the Museums manifold activity in Greece and abroad. The curatorial
management and the publication of the Foundations coin collection has been undertaken by the
author with the assistance of Yannis Stoyas, archaeologist-numismatist.
3. DOC III, 1, p. 164-165, 454-455, 463-464. Grierson dates the coins issued in the name of
Michael III and his mother Theodora (Class II) in the period 843(?)-856, and those only in Michaels
name (Class III) to the years 856-867. For a different dating see F. Feg, Corpus of the nomismata from
Anastasius II to John I in Constantinople 713-976 : structure of the issues, corpus of coin finds, contribution
to the iconographic and monetary history, Lancaster 2007, p. 29-30; the author dates Griersons Class II
to 850-856.
4. The lower part of the letters of the syllables COn is barely visible.
VASILIKI PENNA
664
Although the emission in question undoubtedly belongs to Basil I (867886), it does
not correspond to any known gold or copper coin issue of the founder of the Macedonian
dynasty. Therefore, as already mentioned, it has been considered a mint pattern for a
proposed solidus of Basil I. Its iconography however resembles that of the gold and lead
imperial seals of Basil I, except for a few minor variations in the accompanying legend
of the reverse and in the decoration of the labarum
5
. More precisely, great affinity can be
observed with the 4-solidi gold bulla kept in the British Museum; on the latter, however,
Constantines face is more rounded and gives the impression of an older man than the
one on the pattern coin
6
. The reverse legend on the bulla is worn at a certain point,
but Basils name is inscribed fully in Latin (bASILIuS), while on the pattern coin it
reads as [bASIL]IOS, the regular form of the numismatic types, and lead seals too; on the
pattern coin the abbreviation stroke at the end of the legend is also discernible, while
on the gold bulla it is omitted (fig. 2).
A pattern coin is a coin produced for the purpose of evaluating a proposed coin
design which, in the end, was not approved for release. The existence of pattern coins
during the Byzantine period is not attested in literary sources and was documented for the
first time by Philip Grierson, who in his commentary in Vol. III of the Catalogue of the
Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks collection gives a brief discussion on pattern coins
of the Middle Byzantine period, and more precisely of the 10
th
and 11
th
centuries.
7
The almost square shape of the said piece in its present condition obviously derives
from intentional clipping when, in second use, it was probably remodelled as a devotional
object. The transformation of coins into devotional or even apotropaic objects is well
attested through the ages.
8
The way in which the coin was clipped, the lack of a hole for hanging it from a
chain and its small size suggest that in its second use it was probably set in a frame with
a suspension loop, so that it could be worn as a pendant.
9
The obverse with Christ is
more worn than the reverse with the imperial portraits, indicating that the former was the
5. G. Zacos and A. Veglery, Byzantine lead seals, Basel 1972, vol. 1, part 1, p. 51-52.
6. W. Wroth, Catalogue of the imperial Byzantine coins in the British Museum, London 1908,
vol. II, p. 435, no. 1, pl. L. 10; see also Ph. Grierson, Byzantine gold bullae, with a catalogue of those
at Dumbarton Oaks, DOP 20, 1966, p. 241; 244. My sincerest thanks are due to Dr. Barrie Cook,
Curator in the Department of Coins and Medals of the British Museum, for providing me with a high
quality photograph of the bulla.
7. DOC III, 1, p. 98-99 where nine pattern coins are listed, covering the period from the reign
of Alexander up to Romanus IV (912-1071); six of them are copper; see also BNC 2, p. 651, pl. XC,
12. F. Feg describes these pattern coins as medallions, see Feg, Corpus of the nomismata (cit. n. 3),
p. 81, 1.M (copper); 82, 1.M (silver); 86, 9.M.1 (copper) 9.M.2 (copper) 9.M.3 (copper). On this
matter see DOC III, 1, p. 99, n. 305.
8. H. Maguire, Money and magic in the early Middle Ages, Speculum 72, 1997, p. 1037-1054.
M. M. Fulghum, Coins used as amulets in late antiquity, in Between magic and religion : interdisciplinary
studies in ancient Mediterranean religion and society, ed. by S. R. Asirvatham, C. O. Pache, and
J. Watrous, Lanham 2001, p. 139-149. See also C. Morrisson and S. Bendall, Byzantine
medals : coins, amulets and piety, in Byzantine religious culture : studies in honor of Alice-Mary Talbot,
D. Sullivan, E. Fisher and E. Papaioannou eds (forthcoming). I would like to express here my
warmest thanks to Ccile Morrisson, for making available to me the finalized text of this interesting
study before its publication.
9. The dimensions of the coin in its current condition are 17.5 x 18mm; its weight is 4.16g.
REASSESSING THE GOLD COINAGE OF BASIL I
665
non-visible side of the pendant, i.e. the one affected by friction with the wearers clothes.
10

The figure of Christ, hidden against the wearers chest, is perceived as an invisible talisman
against any invisible threat, while the visible imperial figures, aloof and sketchy, can be
looked upon as an expression of legitimacy and as an attempt to seek protection from
everyday dangers and threats in earthly life, through evocation of high authority, as well
as to obtain personal power and prestige, via the imperial likenesses.
The possible later use of the piece for devotional or apotropaic purposes is intriguing.
The clipping of the initial circumference of the coin is rather clumsy, as it can be viewed
better on the side bearing the imperial busts; the right section preserves almost intact the
circular shape and accordingly the larger part of the legend with the name of the co-emperor
Constantine. Although this could be fortuitous or just the outcome of bad calculation
during the clipping of the coin in order to make it square, the possibility that it was done
intentionally cannot be precluded; in the last case the piece would become some sort of
10. In certain cases where there is a suspension hole, the visible side of a coin used as a pendant
can be readily identified by the fact that the obverse axis (12 h) does not correspond to the reverse
axis (6 h). In these cases also the wear is greater on the surface which is not visible. For an analytical
overview of this matter see Morrisson Bendall, Byzantine medals (cit. n. 8).
Fig. 1 Basil I, copper pattern coin, K.I.K.P.E. coin collection (scale: 2/1).
Fig. 2 Basil I, gold bulla, British Museum, Department of Coins & Medals.
VASILIKI PENNA
666
Constantinaton,
11
in the sense that this appellation was used laterand even todayby
Eastern folklore to designate Byzantine (mostly gold) coins bearing two imperial figures,
regardless of their gender, holding between them usually a cross; the term was applied in
an interpretation that the depicted persons were Constantine I and his mother Helen,
who had been canonized by the Eastern Orthodox Church.
12
This custom was evidently
observed during the 12
th
century, since it is testified in a well-known letter of Michael
Italikos (1157) addressed to the aktouarios Michael Pantechnes, in which is described a
gold piece with Constantine and Helen on one side and Jesus Christ on the other: however,
we should bear in mind that this is a fictional coin.
13
Moreover, the statistical study made by
Morrisson and Bendall highlighted that this practice was intensified after Iconoclasm.
14
The remodelling of the copper pattern coin of Basil I into an amulet is difficult
to date. However, the base metal, in conjunction with its square shape after clipping,
which points rather to a mindful modification for mounting in a frame instead of the
more usual practice of perforation for suspension, implies that its owner had a special
connection with this object, which alas eludes us. Within this context, a dating of the
transformation of the coin into a devotional/apotropaic object during the 9
th
century,
not long after it had been issued, is possible. The fact that initially it was most probably
a pattern coin, having a highly restricted circulation, adds weight to this hypothesis. If
this is indeed the case, then the remodelling of the pattern coin of Basil I is one of the
earliest post-Iconoclasm examples of the practice of fashioning amulets out of coins with
the images (on one side) of two emperors, who were rather confused with Constantine I
and his mother Helen or even with a broader ideology of the Constantinian archetype.
15

11. A coin with Constantine the Great. The term Constantinata refers mainly to gold coins,
although silver and copper coins are not excluded; see W. Hasluck, Constantinata, in Essays and studies
presented to William Ridgeway, Cambridge 1913, p. 635-636. For copper cast coin-like objects of the
same category see Morrisson and Bendall, Byzantine Medals (cit. n. 8). For a thorough essay on
the history and the imperial symbolism of the depiction of Constantine and Helena see J.-M. Spieser,
Hlne, mre de Constantin, in La Madre/The Mother (= Micrologus 17, 2009), p. 129-148. Many
thanks are due to my colleague and friend Jean-Michel Spieser, who scanned and sent by e-mail a PDF
of his article, which it was impossible to find in Athens.
12. In Western sources from the 13
th
century onwards, Byzantine coins of a similar category are
quoted as santalene. On this topic see L. Travaini, Les frontires de lternit ? : le cas dune monnaie :
santalene, RN 164, 2008, p. 169-183, with more bibliography.
13. Michel Italikos, Lettres et discours, d. par P. Gautier, Paris 1972, p. 208-210; Maguire,
Money and magic (cit. n. 8), p. 1044-1045; C. Perassi, Un prodigioso filatterio monetale nella
Constantinopoli del XII secolo : lepistola 33 di Michele Italico, Aevum 79, 2, 2005, p. 363-405. In
these studies an attempt is made to identify the coin described by Michael Italikos. The predominant
view is that it could be a solidus minted during the second reign of Justinian II Rhinotmetos (705-711).
On the obverse of this issue is a bust of Christ with short beard and short curly hair, and on the reverse
are Justinian II with his son Tiberius, holding a cross on steps between them.
14. Morrisson and Bendall, Byzantine medals (cit. n. 8).
15. It is telling that during this period an attempt was made to consolidate a dynastic theory
claiming that Constantine the Great was an ancestor of Basil I; in Basils Vita the origin of his mother
is associated to the lineage of Constantine: Theophanes Continuatus, recogn. I. Bekker (CSHB 33),
Bonn 1838, p. 215. On this matter and more generally on the revival of the Constantinian model
there is ample bibliography; indicatively see: S. Paschalidis, The ideal emperor : Constantine the
Great in Middle-Byzantine hagiography and political ideology (in Greek with English abstract), in Ni
i Vizantija : peti nauni skup, Ni, 3-5 Jun 2006 : sbornik radova = Ni and Byzantium : fifth symposium,
REASSESSING THE GOLD COINAGE OF BASIL I
667
On this early specimen the reference to the Cross, a characteristic feature in the religious
iconography of Constantine and his mother, is made indirectly through the cross-shaped
ornament of the victorious labarum.
The authenticity of the pattern coin cannot be easily disputed, on the grounds of its
whole fabric and execution. Thus, as far as we can tell, this may be the earliest piece of its
kind dated in the Middle Byzantine period, enriching the catalogued pattern coins from
the reigns of the Macedonian dynasty;
16
without doubt, it constitutes a valuable source for
the better understanding of Basil Is coin production, helping more particularly to resolve
chronological problems of his gold issues, as well as of other emissions of his reign.
17
During the reign of Basil I three types of solidi were issued in Constantinople.
18
On
the obverse of the first type (DOC, Class I)
19
is the seated figure of Christ on a small
lyre-backed throne, while on the reverse is the standing figure of Basil I wearing loros and
holding in his right hand globus cruciger and in his left akakia.
20
The issue is dated by
almost all numismatists to the very beginning of the reign (23/24 September 867) up to
Constantines coronation as co-emperor between 5 November 867 and 12 February 868.
21

Ni, 3-5 June 2006, ur. M. Rakocija, Ni 2007, p. 8-10; A. Markopoulos, Constantine the Great
in Macedonian historiography: models and approaches, in P. Magdalino ed., New Constantines : the
rhythm of imperial renewal in Byzantium, 4
th
-13
th
centuries, Aldershot 1994, p. 159-170. G. Dagron,
Emperor and priest : the imperial office in Byzantium, Cambridge 2003, p. 193; 200-202. See also
B. Krsmanovi, N. Radoevi, Legendary genealogies of Byzantine emperors and their families (in
Serbian with English translation), Zvornik radova byzantoloskog Instituta 41, 2004, p. 71-98. Noteworthy
too in this context is the admiration of Empress Eudokia, Basil Is second wife, for Constantines mother
Helen; N. Maes, The dynastic role of the empresses of the Macedonian dynasty : birth, life and death
in Philomathestatos : studies in Greek patristic and Byzantine texts presented to Jacques Noret for his sixty-
fifth birthday, ed. by B. Janssens, B. Roosen and P. van Deun (Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta 137),
Louvain 2004, p. 398-399, n. 46.
16. DOC III, 1, p. 98: Grierson stresses the fact that half of the small number of the recorded
pattern coins come from the reign of the art-loving Constantine VII, while pattern coins are
also recorded from the reigns of Alexander, Zoe and Romanos IV. According to Grierson the first of
the known pattern coins is one of Alexander, but similar coins of Leo VI and Basil I may well come
to light.
17. In general the bibliography referring to various aspects of the reign of Basil I is quite large;
see PmbZ, no. 832. For basic articles on chronological details see DOC III, 2, p. 473, n. 1; 474-476
and BNC 2, p. 537, n. 1; among else it is noteworthy to mention, besides the classic monograph of
A. Vogt, Basile I
er
empereur de Byzance (867-886), Paris 1908, especially the essays: N. Adontz, Lge et
lorigine de lempereur Basile I
er
, Byz. 8, 1933, p. 475-550; 9, 1934, p. 223-260; V. Grumel, Notes de
chronologie byzantine : la date de naissance de Lon VI le Sage, EO 35, 1936, p. 331-333; F. Halkin,
Trois dates historiques prcises grce au Synaxaire, Byz. 24, 1954, p. 7-17; R. J. H. Jenkins, The
chronological accuracy of the Logothte for the years AD 867-913, DOP 19, 1965, p. 91-112.
Among recent works one should mention I. evenko, La biographie de lempereur Basile I
er
, Storia
letteraria, la civilt bizantina dal IX all XI secolo : aspetti e problemi : corsi di studi dellUniversit di Bari,
Bari 1978, p. 91-127; see also above n. 15).
18. In the description of the types Griersons arrangement has been used, as it is appeared in
DOC III, 2.
19. See table 1, Emission C.
20. DOC III, 2, p. 480; 487 (Class I); BNC 2, p. 538; 541 (Type 1); Feg, Corpus of the nomismata
(cit. n. 3), p. 30-31; 77, no. 1.
21. For the date of Constantines coronation see DOC III, 2, p. 474; BNC 2, p. 537; A. Kazhdan
and A. Cutler, Constantine, in ODB 1, p. 498. For a different date of Constantines coronation see
VASILIKI PENNA
668
Based on the dating of this issue to the beginning of the reign of Basil I, the solidi of this
type have been identified with the senzaton coins mentioned by Theophanes Continuatus.
As Laurent has shown, the term refers to the enthroned Christ and derives from the word
senzos, which is used frequently in the Book of Ceremonies for the imperial throne.
22
On the obverse of the second type (DOC, Class II)
23
there is still the seated figure
of Christ, whereas on the reverse there are the busts of Basil I and his son Constantine;
both figures hold a patriarchal cross with the right hand and wear the loros and a cloak
respectively.
24
There is some debate concerning the duration of this specific issue; Grierson
has suggested that it may have ended just after Constantines death in 879.
25
Morrisson dated the end of the issue to 6 January 870, when Leo, Basil Is second
son, was proclaimed co-emperor and when a new copper issue appeared in the names of
Basil, Constantine and Leo.
26
However, the solidi of the second type are very common
and it is unlikely that their issue was limited within the span of two years. The striking of
copper coins in the names of Basil, Constantine and Leo after 870 does not require that
the minting of the solidi in the names of Basil and his beloved first-born son Constantine
necessarily ceased. Constantine was, in the eyes of his father, the ideal successor, for
perfectly rational reasons, but possibly also for personal and family ones of which however
we cannot be certain.
27
The iconography of the copper coins, which were destined for
wide circulation and for everyday transactions, could be readily affected by major events,
such as the coronation of a co-emperor; such events involved current practical matters and
not a notional and symbolic approach of the imperial power and hierarchy. Moreover,
certain gaps are noted in the copper coin series of Basil Is reign, such as the lack of
ordinary folles with the inclusion of Alexander, Basils younger son who was crowned
co-emperor in 879, after Constantines death.
28
A. Christophilopoulou, , , Athens
1956, p. 93; the proposed chronology by Christophilopoulou has been revised.
22. Theophanes Continuatus (ed. Bonn), p. 173. V. Laurent, To : nom de monnaie
au x
e
sicle, REB 12, 1954, p. 193-197; V. Laurent, Largument iconographique et les noms de
monnaies, REB 14, 1956, p. 205-207. Grierson suggests that the enthroned Christ on Basil Is solidi
derived from the great mosaic in the Chrysotriklinos, which had been restored by Michael III between
856 and 866; DOC III, 1, p. 154-158. For a connection of the enthroned Christ on Basil Is solidi to
the dome mosaic of the Ascension in Hagia Sophia in Thessaloniki see D. M. OHara, The seated
Christ of Basil I, in D. J. Crowther, Coin lists, 1967, no. 4, p. 2-4 and Feg, Corpus of the nomismata
(cit. n. 3), p. 138-139.
23. See table 1, Emission A.
24. DOC III, 2, p. 481; 487-489 (Class II); BNC 2, p. 538; 542 (Type 3); Feg, Corpus of the
nomismata (cit. n. 3), p. 31-32; 78-79, nos. 3.A-3.D.
25. DOC III, 2, p. 474; p. 481. For Constantines death see also Halkin, Trois dates historiques
(cit. n. 17).
26. BNC 2, p. 538. See table 1, copper Emission 3.
27. There is a long debate concerning the parentage of Basil Is sons. Indicatively see S. Tougher, The
reign of Leo VI (886-912) : politics and people, Leiden 1997, p. 42-68, with additional bibliography.
28. There are however some rare fractional copper coins in crude style (half folles?) showing Leo
and Alexander on the reverse (table 1, copper Emission 4); they might be considered as ceremonial for
the latters ascension as co-emperor; DOC III, 2, p. 479; 485; 501-502, nos. 13a.1-13b.2. For a different
view see BNC 2, p. 540; p. 547, no. 34/X/AE/O7. Morrisson considers the specific denominations as
folles and assigns them to a provincial mint; see also below n. 34. For an enigmatic follis in the names
REASSESSING THE GOLD COINAGE OF BASIL I
669
Recently, Feg has suggested that the issue continued in use after Constantines
death.
29
This view is rather interesting and merits further discussion.
30
Fegs remark is
based on a large number of surviving dies, which point to a massive and prolonged issue. It
is also true that until Basil Is reign it was unusual for a living and a dead ruler to be shown
side-by-side sharing the imperial insignia. It was equally unusual for a dead member of the
imperial family to be depicted in preference to other co-rulers who were still living, and
whose appearance on the solidi would have been inevitable to ensure normal succession
and stability. However, as has been mentioned, this period showcases several novelties
regarding the illustration and symbolism of the imperial protocol, which fact may well
have led to some changes in the traditional practices of selecting the iconography of the
gold coinage. Inevitably, the incident of the attempt to canonize the young Constantine
after his death comes to mind.
31
Viewing the affairs of the court from behind the curtains,
an apocryphal approach to perpetuate the presence of the late Constantine on the solidi
could be supposed. Officially, this presence could be perceived as an indirect reference
to the Constantinian model and to the dynastic consolidation and longevity through it.
32

Consequently, by combining the aforementioned theoretical and hermeneutical approach
with the numismatic evidence, as analysed by Feg, we could make the provisional
presumption that DOC, Class II continued in use after Constantines death.
33
The rare
fractional gold and copper in the names of Basil, Leo and Alexander were obviously
ceremonial issues for distribution to the people on the day of Alexanders coronation in
879.
34
Additionally, it should be taken into account that there are numerous lead seals
in the names of Basil I and Constantine, while no seals with the names of the two other
co-emperors are recorded so far.
35
of Basil, Constantine and Alexander, see D. M. Metcalf, Basile, Constantine, and Alexander : an
enigmatic Byzantine follis of the ninth century, Situla 14-15, 1974, p. 269-273.
29. Feg, Corpus of the nomismata (cit. n. 3), p. 31-32; 164.
30. In an earlier study I have argued that the issue might have ended in 879, within the context
of an imperial policy to reduce coin production, which was particularly high at the beginning of the
reign, in order to keep the circulation of gold coins at normal levels; see V. Penna, Byzantine coinage :
medium of transaction and manifestation of imperial propaganda (in Greek and in English), Nicosia
2002, p. 123-124.
31. Dagron, Emperor and priest (cit. n. 15), p. 202. K. Mentzou-Meimare,
. , 13,
1993, p. 83-87.
32. For the development of the Constantinian model during Basil Is reign see indicatively Dagron,
Emperor and priest (cit. n. 15), p. 193; 200; P. Magdalino, Observations on the Nea Ekklesia of Basil I,
JB 37, 1987, p. 59-60. See also above n. 15.
33. The same might apply to the miliaresia of Basil I. There are silver issues only in the names
of Basil and Constantine. The Antalya hoard, composed exclusively of Basil Is miliaresia, provides
important evidence concerning the mint output. The identification of eight distinct stylistic groups in
the hoard indicates that miliaresia were minted in large quantities. D. M. Metcalf, The Antalya hoard
of miliaresia of Basil I, NC 17, 1977, p. 113-125; according to the stylistic groups of the miliaresia in
the hoard, the author estimates their output at about 24,000,000.
34. DOC III, 2, p. 490, no. 5 (semissis); 491, no. 6 (tremissis); p. 501-502, nos. 13a.1-13b.2; see
also above n. 28. See table 1, Emission D for gold and Emission 4 for copper.
35. Zacos Veglery, Byzantine lead seals (cit. n. 5), p. 52.
VASILIKI PENNA
670
The third type (DOC, Class III) of solidi shows Basil on the obverse and Eudokia
and Constantine on the reverse.
36
Constantine is on the left, beardless, wearing loros and
holding globus cruciger in his right hand; Eudokia is on the right, also wearing loros and
holding a cross sceptre in her left hand.
37
This issue is considered as a ceremonial emission,
connected either with Constantines coronation as co-emperor, between 5 November
867 and 12 February 868,
38
or with the commemoration of Basils two beloved persons
after the death of Eudokia, in 882.
39
Nevertheless, the existence of a tremissis of the same
type,
40
a coin normally distributed at celebrations, argues against the commemoration
of the dead.
Two more datings could be alternatively proposed. First, based on the testimony of
Theophanes Continuatus that Basil paid his accessional donatives ( ) from
his own fortune and that Eudokia did the same, we could surmise that at the beginning of
Basils reign a limited ceremonial coin series was launched on the initiative of the imperial
couple, to celebrate the ascension to the throne.
41
This rare issue seems to fit very well to
the case in point. Moreover, the emperors effigy on the obverse of this type is strongly
reminiscent of that on Michael IIIs copper coinage, where Basil is represented as co-ruler
on the reverse.
42
However, it is remarkable that Leo, Basils second son, born in 866, is
not included among the two other members of the imperial family, at this very crucial
moment for the fate of Basils reign, although Theophanes Continuatus mentions his
name in the accessional festivities, alongside his mother and brother. Moreover, on the
numismatic evidence, the absence of any title for both Eudokia and Constantine in the
accompanying legend does not constitute a sufficient proof that the specific issue might
have been minted in the opening months of Basils reign, namely before Constantines
proclamation as co-emperor.
43
A second and more plausible date for the specific issue could be the autumn of 879, just
before Constantines sudden death, when Basil and his son returned to Constantinople
36. See table 1, Emission C.
37. DOC III, 2, p. 481; 489 (Class III); BNC 2, p. 541 (Type 2); Feg, Corpus of the nomismata
(cit. n. 3), p. 77, no. 2.
38. BNC 2, p. 538. Feg, Corpus of the nomismata (cit. n. 3), p. 31.
39. DOC III, 2, p. 476.
40. DOC III, 2, p. 490, no. (4). BNC 2, p. 542. See table 1, Emission C.
41. Theophanes Continuatus (ed. Bonn), p. 256; see also M. McCormick, Eternal victory :
triumphal rulership in late antiquity, Byzantium and the early medieval West, Paris 1990, p. 152-153,
n. 78, 79. Some scholars argue, based on the Genesius testimony, that there was a second coronation
for Basil I, after he had murdered Michael III; they think that this coronation took place in the church
of the Archangels Michael and Gabriel, in the very beginning of Basils sole reign; see Dagron,
Emperor and priest (cit. n. 15), p. 198, n. 23. For a different view see McCormick, Eternal victory,
p. 157, n. 95.
42. DOC III, 1, p. 466-467, nos. 8.1-8.7. On those folles Basil is also depicted wearing loros and
holding in his right hand a patriarchal cross on a globe and in his left akakia.
43. A lack of titles is also observed in the legends of the family ceremonial solidi of Theophilus with
Theodora and their daughters; see DOC III, 1, p. 428, no. 4. Similarly, no titles appear on the solidi of
Theodoras regency on behalf of her son Michael, although the latter had adopted the title of augustus;
see DOC III, 1, p. 461-462, nos. 1a.1-1f (on the obverse of this issue Theodora is described as despoina;
no titles are given to Michael and Thecla on the reverse); 463, nos. 2.1-2.6.
REASSESSING THE GOLD COINAGE OF BASIL I
671
from a campaign to Syria and Constantine shared an illustrious triumph with his father.
44

The presence of Eudokia is not recorded in the specific triumph, but on a such an
occasion, which actually seems to have taken on the dimension of a new beginning of
the reign, a family ceremonial issue is not unlikely.
45
As noted above, our pattern coin provides some new evidence on the chronology
of the gold coinage of Basil I. Evidently, it indicates that the type of solidi with Basil and
Constantine (DOC, Class II) could be the first coinage of Basil (table 1, Emission A).
The rejection of the pattern obviously reflects Basils attempt from the very beginning
of his reign to cut off any ties of the new regime with the past and with the memory
of the murdered Michael.
46
Thus, the pattern coin was not approved for release and
then a new partly revised type was chosen; on the obverse the bust of Christ, which was
introduced by Michael III after the end of Iconoclasm or a little later
47
was replaced by
the enthroned Christ while the imperial busts remained on the reverse except that now
they are depicted holding between them a patriarchal cross instead of a labarum;
48
the
True Cross epitomizes the religious and political background of the imperial propaganda.
Consequently, the senzaton mentioned by Theophanes Continuatus should be identified
with this type of solidi, which might have been introduced soon after Constantines
coronation, between 5 November 867 and February 868, and continued, as argued
above, up to the end of Basil Is reign in 886.
The dating of this issue in the beginning of Basils reign spotlights a break in the coin
production lasting from three to six months, namely for the period of Basils sole reign, before
Constantines coronation as co-emperor. However, a similar recess occurs in the miliaresia
49

and copper series.
50
Most probably, during the first months of his reign, Basil I, on finding
44. Tougher, The reign of Leo VI (cit. n. 27), p. 52. McCormick, Eternal victory (cit. n. 41),
p. 155-157, n. 97 and 98; the author thinks it plausible that a second coronation for Basil I took place
in the framework of this triumph; see also above n. 41.
45. See above n. 41.
46. The preservation of the old type on the seals could be interpreted as due to the fact that Basil
had already used Christs image for his personal seal during his co-regency with Michael. In any case,
a similar bust of Christ continues to appear on imperial seals until the end of the 10
th
century.
47. See above n. 3.
48. The rendering of the imperial busts holding the labarum on the reverse of the pattern coin is very
close to the style of the copper coins where, however, both the figures wear chlamys; see below n. 50.
49. Grierson has suggested that Basils delay in issuing miliaresia was probably due to the fact that
he used for his immediate needs the nine sacks that he found in the treasury.
50. For the copper coinage of Basil I see DOC III, 2, p. 482-485; 493-502; BNC 2, p. 538; 540;
544-547; D. M. Metcalf, Raba foll Basilia I a organisace jejich mincoven, Numismatick sbornik 9,
1965-1966, p. 95-128; Id., Corinth in the ninth century : the numismatic evidence, Hesperia 42,
1973, p. 232-249. The general fabric and style of folles with Basil I and Constantine holding a labarum
between them (DOC III/Constantinople, Class 1; BNC 2/Provincial mint, Type 1) show close affinities
to the pattern coin under discussion, hinting at a same mint of issue, that of Constantinople, and
at a contemporary date of issue. Most probably, as Grierson has suggested, the folles of this emission
(Emission 1) were minted at Constantinople, representing a hasty and short-lived issue in the winter
months of 867/8. The folles with Basil and Constantine enthroned (DOC III/Constantinople, Class 2;
BNC 2/Constantinople, Type 2) might represent the subsequent emission (Emission 2), thus covering
the rest of the period until the coronation of Leo in January 870. For the existence of provincial mints
for copper currency during the 9
th
century see briefly Penna, Byzantine coinage (cit. n. 29), p. 42;
VASILIKI PENNA
672
that Michael III had left an entirely inadequate gold reserve of only 300 pounds of gold and
nine sacks of miliaresia, worked on the restoration of the governments solvency.
51
In this
climate of intensive moves to secure information and recovery of government revenues, it
is likely that the issue of substantial currency was postponed for some months.
Finally, the extremely rare DOC, Class I, previously considered as the senzaton, might
be a special issue of purely ceremonial character, not intended for extensive circulation
(table 1, Emission C).
52
This specific issue is characterized by an elaborate style as far
as the standing effigy of the emperor is concerned; the impression is that the emperors
representation might have been influenced by a monumental prototype, something
similar to the mosaic panel with the later emperor Alexander, in the north gallery of Hagia
Sophia. At the same time, the stylized facing imperial figure, wearing loros adorned with
precious stones and holding an oversized globus cruciger, seems imposing and aloof, as if
levitating between earth and heaven. A guardian of the Empire, under divine anointment,
an earthly king of kings, designated as such by the accompanying legend, juxtaposed to
the obverse legend Rex Regnantium that accompanies Christs effigy.
This particular issue could be deemed as historic, in the sense that it seemingly
illustrates a special moment in Basils imperial career. The connection of the issue with
the dedication of the Nea Ekklesia, on 1 May 880, is more than likely.
53
The ceremony
on that day, as Magdalino states, was a personal and imperial triumph for Basil, who
wore his loros for the occasion and distributed largesse.
54
In this instance, the likeness
of the emperor on these extremely rare solidi possibly alludes to the renowned imperial
icon in the womans side of the Nea Ekklesia. Most probably this was a wall mosaic
similar to the slightly later one depicting his son Alexander in Hagia Sophia.
55
The small copper pattern coin in the K.I.K.P.E. collection, in its initial and its
second use has been framed within Basils world, reflecting the rise of the Macedonian
Renaissance and providing an advantageous angle for reassessing the gold coinage, and
not only, of the dynastys founder (table 1). Today, this small copper piece, in a third
use, has become a token gift to Ccile, who has dedicated the greater part of her life to
investigating the unknown world of coins.
V. Penna, Michael and Theophilos : re-examination of the coinage of the ninth century, in Coinage in
the Balkans 40 years on : papers in honour of D. M. Metcalf, E. Oberlnder-Trnoveanu and J. Baker,
ed. (forthcoming). In conclusion and in the light of our study on Theophilus copper coinage, the
existence of provincial mint(s) during Basil Is reign seems extremely dubious. The different stylistic
groups of the copper coinage of the 9
th
century might simply imply a massive production of money
and consequently the employment in the mint of unequally skilled die-engravers.
51. Theophanes Continuatus (ed. Bonn), p. 173; 255.
52. The style of the enthroned Christ of Emission A and Emission C presents very few differences
and cannot constitute a criterion for their chronological classification. In any case, there are specimens
of the very common Emission A on which the rendering of Christ displays a certain clumsiness and
stylization in comparison with specimens of the same issue; this may due to its prolonged minting.
53. Similarly, the copper issues showing Basil alone (Emission 5) might be influenced by the same
event; they have a rather elaborate style, very much reminiscent of that of the gold issues.
54. Magdalino, Observations on the Nea Ekklesia (cit. n. 32), p. 55.
55. Mentzou-Meimare, (cit. n. 31), p. 55-78.
The author believes that Basil Is icon was a portable one. For a different view see A. Weyl Carr,
Court culture and cult icons in Middle Byzantine Constantinople, in Byzantine court culture from 829
to 1204, ed. by H. Maguire, Washington DC 1997, p. 86, n. 31.
REASSESSING THE GOLD COINAGE OF BASIL I
673
Gold issues
Solidus
Basil, Constantine
Emission A
5.11.867/12.2.868-
29.8.886
DOC, Class II 868-879
BNC 2, Type 3 10.2.868-6.1.870
Feg, 3.A-3.D 5.11.867-29.8.886
Solidus, Tremissis
Basil, Eudokia, Constantine
Emission B, ceremonial issue
Autumn of 879 (?)
DOC, Class III 882 (?)
BNC 2, Type 2 10.2.868-6.1.870
Feg, 2 5.11.867-12.2.868
Solidus
Basil alone
Emission C, ceremonial issue
May of 880
DOC, Class I 868 (?)
BNC 2, Type 3 23.9.867-10.2.868
Feg, 1 24.11-867-5.11.867/
12.2.868
Tremissis, Semissis
Basil, Leo, Alexander
Emission D, ceremonial issue
879
DOC, Class IV 879-886
BNC 2, Type 4 3.9.877-28.8.886
Copper issues
Follis
Basil, Constantine (busts)
Emission 1
867/868
DOC, Class 1 868-870
BNC 2, Type 1 10.2.868-6.1.870
(provincial mint)
Follis
Basil, Constantine (seated)
Emission 2
867/868-870
DOC, Class 2 868-870
BNC 2, Type 2 10.2.868-6.1.870
Follis
Basil, Constantine, Leo
Emission 3
870-879
DOC, Classes 3 & 4 870-879
BNC 2, Type 3 6.1.870-3.9.877
follis
Basil, Leo, Alexander
Emission 4, ceremonial issue
879, after
Constantines death
DOC, Half follis 879-886
BNC 2, Type 2 3.9.877-28.8.886
(provincial mint)
Follis
Basil alone
Emission 5
879-886
DOC, Class 5 879-886
BNC 2, Type 1 23.9.867
Table 1 A revised chronology for the coinage of Basil I.
Mlanges Ccile Morrisson, Travaux et Mmoires 16, Paris 2010, p. 891-893.
TABLE DES MATIRES
Hommage Ccile Morrisson ............................................................................................... V
Tabula gratulatoria .............................................................................................................. VII
Abrviations .......................................................................................................................... XI
Bibliographie des travaux de Ccile Morrisson de 1966 2011 ........................................... XV
Ermanno Arslan, Produzione e circolazione dei nominali inferiori in rame nel VI secolo
in Italia, tra Longobardi e Bizantini : il complesso di Brescello (RE) .................................. 1
Julian Baker, Un trsor mdival de Corinthe la Bibliothque nationale ........................... 35
Simon Bendall, Some graffiti on eleventh century histamena of Michael VII (10711078) 51
Gabriela Bijovsky, A single die solidi hoard of Heraclius from Jerusalem ............................. 55
Pierre-Marie Blanc cf. Jean-Pierre Sodini
Marc Bompaire, Le mythe du besant ? ................................................................................. 93
Maurizio Buora and John Nesbitt, A new gold seal of Alexios I Komnenos from
the upper castle at Attimis (Udine, Italy) ....................................................................... 117
Bruno Callegher, Annotazioni su folles bizantini siracusani (ca. 641/842-845) :
da un probabile ripostiglio della Sicilia orientale ............................................................ 123
Batrice Caseau, La marque de proprit dun commerciaire du vi
e
sicle .......................... 139
John Casey, A lead sealing of the joint reign of Constantine and Licinius .......................... 151
Daniele Castrizio, Emissioni monetali in oro e bronzo della zecca di Reggio
sotto Basilio I e Leone VI ............................................................................................... 157
Jean-Claude Cheynet, Les gestionnaires des biens impriaux : tude sociale (x
e
-xii
e
sicle) ... 163
Marie-Hlne Congourdeau et Olivier Delouis, La Supplique la trs pieuse augusta
sur lintrt de Nicolas Cabasilas ..................................................................................... 205
Gilbert Dagron, Quelques remarques sur le crmonial des ftes profanes
dans le De cerimoniis ...................................................................................................... 237
Olivier Delouis cf. Marie-Hlne Congourdeau
Vincent Droche, Thsaurisation et circulation montaire chez les moines daprs la
littrature difiante de lAntiquit tardive ....................................................................... 245
Denis Feissel, Trois notes sur lempereur Maurice ............................................................ 253
Franz Feg, The beginning of the concavely struck histamena ........................................... 273
TABLE DES MATIRES
892
Thierry Ganchou, Lultime testament de Grgios Goudls,
hommes daffaires, msazn de Jean V et kttr (Constantinople, 4 mars 1421) .............. 277
Jean Gascou, Ostraca byzantins dEdfou et dautres provenances ...................................... 359
Maria Gerolymatou, propos des origines des monastres de la Vierge de lAlsos
et de la Vierge tn Spondn sur lle de Cos ................................................................... 387
Vera Guruleva, Trebizond coins in Crimea ...................................................................... 401
Robert Halleux, Nouveaux textes sur la mtallurgie du zinc et du laiton
dans lAntiquit et le haut Moyen ge ........................................................................... 413
Vujadin Ivanievi, La monnaie palobyzantine dans lIllyricum du nord ......................... 441
Michel Kaplan, Lconomie du monastre de la Kosmosteira fond par Isaac Comnne
daprs le typikon (1152) ................................................................................................ 455
Stavros Lazaris, Des chevaux, des textes et des images dans lAntiquit tardive
et Byzance ................................................................................................................... 485
Chris Lightfoot, Coinage of the Amorian dynasty found at Amorium ............................. 503
Giacomo Manganaro, Fontane ed edifici termali nella Catina bilingue tardo-antica e
leditto di Eumathios del 434 d. C. ................................................................................ 513
Jean-Marie Martin, De lusage des dignits impriales en Italie (fin du viii
e
-dbut du
xii
e
sicle) ....................................................................................................................... 533
Nicholas J. and Susan J. Mayhew, Monetisation in late Roman and early Anglo-Saxon
England ......................................................................................................................... 549
D. Michael Metcalf, First to land, then to Gotland : the arrival and dispersal of
late Roman and Byzantine solidi in Sweden and Denmark ............................................ 561
Sophie Mtivier et Vivien Prigent, La circulation montaire dans la Cappadoce
byzantine daprs les collections des muses de Kayseri et de Nide ............................... 577
John Nesbitt cf. Maurizio Buora
Catherine Otten-Froux, Les droits du consul des Vnitiens Famagouste au xv
e
sicle ... 619
Arietta Papaconstantinou, A preliminary prosopography of moneylenders
in early Islamic Egypt and South Palestine ..................................................................... 631
Pagona Papadopoulou, Le chichaton et les noms de monnaies la fin du xi
e
sicle ........... 649
Vasiliki Penna, Reassessing the gold coinage of Basil I :
the testimony of an unknown Byzantine pattern coin ................................................. 663
Dominique Pieri cf. Jean-Pierre Sodini
Brigitte Pitarakis, La cruche en cuivre du trsor montaire de Kocamustafapaa
Istanbul (xi
e
sicle) ...................................................................................................... 675
Henri Pottier, Lempereur Justinien survivant la peste bubonique (542) ....................... 685
Vivien Prigent cf. Sophie Mtivier
Alessia Rovelli, Naples, ville et atelier montaire de lEmpire byzantin :
lapport des fouilles rcentes ........................................................................................... 693
Guillaume Saint-Guillain, Comment les Vnitiens nont pas acquis la Crte : note
propos de llection impriale de 1204 et du partage projet de lEmpire byzantin ...... 713
Werner Seibt, Der byzantinische Rangtitel Sebastos in vorkomnenischer Zeit ................... 759
TABLE DES MATIRES
893
Jonathan Shepard, Hard on heretics, light on Latins : the balancing-act of Alexios I
Komnenos ..................................................................................................................... 765
Kostis Smyrlis, Our lord and father : peasants and monks in mid-fourteenth-century
Macedonia ..................................................................................................................... 779
Jean-Pierre Sodini, Pierre-Marie Blanc, Dominique Pieri, Nouvelles eulogies de
Qalat Seman (fouilles 2007-2010) ............................................................................... 793
Alan M. Stahl, Bowls and cups : concave coins in medieval Italy and in Byzantium ......... 813
Stanisaw Suchodolski, Le type byzantin aux origines du monnayage en Pologne ............ 821
Alice-Mary Talbot, Personal poverty in Byzantine monasticism : ideals and reality ........... 829
Lucia Travaini, Some thoughts on mints from unpublished notes by Philip Grierson ....... 843
Alicia Walker, Numismatic and metrological parallels for the iconography
of early Byzantine marriage jewelry : the question of the crowned bride ......................... 849
Constantin Zuckerman, On the titles and office of the Byzantine ..................... 865
Table des matires .............................................................................................................. 891
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LES PUBLICATIONS DE LASSOCIATION ACHCByz
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email : achcbyz@college-de-france.fr
vente en ligne sur http://www.achcbyz.com
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Occasional Monographs
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