Master Managment et Finance

les paramètres de
Module :
dispersion Méthodes
Quantitatives

Réaliser par :
BOULMANE Hanane
Encadré par :
AHBOUR Aicha
PR. IDELHAKKER Brahim
IBRAHIMI Kaoutar

Année Universitaire :
2023/2024
 Ecart absolu moyen

C’ est quoi ?

C ’est une mesure de dispersion

Son role ?
Donne une idée très juste quant à la dispersion
de chacune des données par rapport à la
moyenne
Faible dispersion : données moins Grand dispersion: données plus dispersées
dispersées autour de la moyenne autour de la moyenne
Ecart absolu moyen
 Ecart absolu moyen

Ecart absolu moyen par rapport à la moyen

Ecart absolu moyen par rapport à la médiane

 Ecart absolu moyen par rapport à la moyen

Définition :
L'écart absolu moyen par rapport à la moyenne est un paramètre de dispersion qui mesure
la tendance des valeurs d'une distribution à s'étaler par rapport à la moyenne.
noté , se définit comme étant égal à la moyenne des valeurs absolues des
différences entre les observations et leur moyenne avec n=
Relation :
𝒊= 𝒌

∑ 𝒏𝒊|𝒙 𝒊 − 𝒙|
𝒆 𝒙= 𝒊=𝟏 𝒊=𝒌

∑ 𝒏𝒊
𝒊=𝟏

Remarque : cet écart absolu moyen est nul si les observation sont égales
L'écart absolu moyen par rapport à la médiane

Définition
L'écart absolu médian par rapport à la médiane est un paramètre de dispersion qui mesure la
tendance des valeurs d'une distribution à s'étaler par rapport à la médiane.
Relation
 Exemple

On considère la distribution suivante :

Classes

Effectifs 9 15 22 29 17 6 2

TAF :
a)Calculer l’écart absolu moyen par rapport à la moyen
b)Calculer l’écart absolu moyen par rapport à la médiane
 le calcule de la moyen et la médiane :

Classe FCC
%
20 9 180 9
30 15 450 24
40 22 880 46
50 29 1450 75
60 17 1020 92
70 6 420 98
80 2 160 100
La somme
Classe FCC
%
20 9 180 25.6 230.4 9 26.38 237.42
30 15 450 15.6 234.0 24 16.38 245.70
40 22 880 5.6 123.2 46 6.38 140.36
50 29 1450 4.4 127.6 75 3.62 104.98
60 17 1020 14.4 244.8 92 13.62 231.54
70 6 420 24.4 146.4 98 23.62 141.72
80 2 160 34.4 68.8 100 33.62 67.24
La somme 1175.2 1168.96

a) On a

b)
 1. On a

On peut donc conclure que les données sont situées , en moyenne , à

11.75 de la moyenne

2.

les valeurs ont une dispersion moyenne d'environ 11.69par rapport à la

médiane.
L'écart type d'une série

L'écart type d'une série pondérée

L'écart type d'une série non pondérée

 L'écart type d'une série non pondérée

L'écart type d'une série non pondérée est une mesure statistique qui évalue la dispersion ou
la variabilité des valeurs dans un ensemble de données, où chaque valeur contribue de
manière égale à cette mesure.

√
𝒊=𝒏

∑ ( 𝒙𝒊 − 𝒙 )𝟐
𝒊=𝟏
𝝈𝒙=
𝒏

• n est le nombre d'observations,

• ​est chaque valeur de l'ensemble de données,
• est la moyenne de l'ensemble de données.
 L'écart type d'une série pondérée

L'écart type d'une série pondérée est une mesure de dispersion qui prend en compte des
poids associés à chaque valeur dans l'ensemble de données.

√
𝒊=𝒌

∑ 𝒏𝒊 ( 𝒄 𝒊 − 𝒙 ) 𝟐
𝒊=𝟏
𝝈𝒙= 𝒊=𝒌

∑ 𝒏𝒊
𝒊=𝟏
• n est le nombre d'observations,
• ​est chaque valeur de l'ensemble de données,
• est la moyenne de l'ensemble de données.
Formule de König-
Huygens
 Formule de König-
Huygens

En statistiques et en théorie des probabilités, le théorème

de Koenig-Huygens est une identité remarquable reliant
la variance et la moyenne.
 Les deux formule de la variance :

Formule du cours Formule de König

=
 Exemple
Classe Effectif (ni)

0 5

1 8

2 7

3 3 =

4 1

6 1
 Exemple
Classe Effectif *ni (-)2 ni(-)2 La Moyenne
(ni)

0 5 0 2,6896 13,448 =
1 8 8 0,4096 3,2768

7 14 0,1296 La variance
2 0,9072

3 3 9 1,8496 5,5488
=
4 1 4 5,5696 5,5696

6 1 6 19,0096 19,0096

=
N=25 41 47,76
 Les deux formule de la variance :

Formule de König
Classe Effectif Ni
(ni)

0 5 0 0

1 8 1 8

2 7 4 28

3 3 9 27

4 1 16 16

6 1 36 36 =

25 115
Variance et écart-type
 Variance et écart-type

Les variances et écart- types appelés paramètre de dispersion sont des nombres
qui mesures la dispersion des valeurs autours d’un paramètre de position
(Me…..).Ils s’expriment dans la même unité que les observation et permettent de
comparer des séries statistiques de même nature
 Variance d’une série pondérée

Equation de la variance

= =
 Eude de Ancienneté
Exemple dans l’entreprise
AICHA

Si X est une variable continue

Classe Effectif (ni) Centre (ci )

Equation de la variance
[0- 8 ] 15 4

[8- 16 ] 24 12

[16- 24 ] 14 20
=
[24- 32 ] 18 28

[32- 40 ] 9 36

Le total N=80
 Le calcule de la variance et l’écart-type
 Eude de Ancienneté
Exemple dans l’entreprise
AICHA

Classe Effectif Centre Ci *ni (ci-x) (ci-x)2 ni(ci-x)2

(ni) (ci )
[0- 8 ] 15 4 60 -14,2 201,64 3024,60

[8- 16 ] 24 12 288 -6,20 38,44 922,56

[16- 24 ] 14 20 1,80 3,24 45,36

280
[24- 32 ] 18 28 9,80 96,04 1728,72
504
[32- 40 ] 9 36 17,80 316,84 2851,56
324

N=80 1456 8572,80

La Moyenne

Ancienneté
moyenne des salaries dans l’entreprise
Aicha égal 18ans et 2mois
La Variance
Si X est une variable continue

Ecart-Types

10, 35 10 Ans et 4
Mois
Exemple Eude de L’Ancienneté
dans l’entreprise AICHA
 Interprétations des résultats Globale

Ancienneté des salariés de la société Aicha :

La majorité des salariés ont entre 7 ans et 3
mois et 28 ans et 6 mois.
 Contents of this template
You can delete this slide when you’re done editing the presentation

Fonts To view this template correctly in PowerPoint, download and install the fonts we used

Used and alternative resources An assortment of graphic resources that are suitable for use in this presentation

Thanks slide You must keep it so that proper credits for our design are given

Colors All the colors used in this presentation

Icons and infographic resources These can be used in the template, and their size and color can be edited

Editable presentation theme You can edit the master slides easily. For more info, click here

For more info: You can visit our sister projects:

SLIDESGO | BLOG | FAQs FREEPIK | FLATICON | STORYSET | WEPIK |
VIDEVO
 Table of content

1. 2. 3.
Probability Data analysis Population
You can describe the topic of You can describe the topic of You can describe the topic of
the section here the section here the section here

4. 5. 6.
Distribution Sampling Scatterplots
You can describe the topic of You can describe the topic of You can describe the topic of
the section here the section here the section here
 Moments
 Moments d’ordre S
 Moments centrés d’ordre S
 On appelle moment d'ordres (s € ) d'un caractère discret X le nombre:

 Si le caractère est continu le moment d'ordres (s € ) s'écrit:

 5.1.2 Moments centrés d'ordre s On appelle moment centré d'ordres (s € )
d'un caractère discret X le nombre
 Si le caractère est continu le moment centré d'ordres (s € )s'écrit:
 Whoa
This can be the part of the presentation where you introduce
yourself, write your email…
 1.
Basics of probability
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 Explaining probability

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the entire Solar
System. This planet's name has nothing
to do with the liquid metal, since
Mercury was named after the Roman
messenger god
Despite being closer to the Sun than
Venus, its temperatures aren't as terribly
hot as that planet's. Many of Mercury’s
craters were named after artists or
authors who made significant
contributions to their fields
 What is data analysis?

Do you know what helps you make your point crystal

clear? Lists like this one:

❏ They’re simple
❏ You can organize your ideas clearly
❏ You’ll never forget to buy milk!

And the most important thing: the audience won’t miss

the point of your presentation
 Concepts in statistics

Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit larger than the
Moon
Venus
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun. It’s hot
and has a poisonous atmosphere
 How do we use sampling?

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful Despite being red, Mars is
planet to the Sun and the name and is the second actually a cold place. It’s
smallest of them all planet from the Sun full of iron oxide dust
 Events in probability

Mars Venus
Mars is actually a very cold Venus has extremely high
place temperatures

Jupiter Saturn
Jupiter is the biggest planet of Saturn is a gas giant and has
them all several rings
 Types of variables in statistics

Dependent Quantitative Continuous

Mars is actually a very cold Venus has extremely high Neptune is the farthest planet
place temperatures from the Sun

Extraneous Qualitative Discrete

Mercury is the closest planet Saturn is a gas giant with Jupiter is the biggest planet of
to the Sun several rings them all
Awesome Words
 “This is a quote, words full of wisdom that
someone important said and that can inspire the
reader.”

—Someone Famous
9h 55m 23s
Jupiter's rotation period

333,000
The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s

386,000 km
Distance between Earth and the Moon
A picture is worth a thousand words
A picture always
reinforce the concept

Images reveal large amounts of data, so

remember: use an image instead of a long
text. Your audience will appreciate it.
4,498,300,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 Let’s use some percentages

25% 50% 75%

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the closest planet Venus has a beautiful name Despite being red, Mars is
to the Sun and the smallest of and is the second planet from actually a cold place. It’s full
them all the Sun of iron oxide dust
Computer mockup

You can replace the image on the screen

with your own work. Just right-click on it
and select “Replace image”
 Tablet
mockup
You can replace the image on the
screen with your own work. Just right-
click on it and select “Replace image”
Phone
mockup
You can replace the image on the screen
with your own work. Just right-click on it
and select “Replace image”
 This is a map

Venus
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun

Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun

Mars
Despite being red, Mars is a
very cold place
 A timeline always works well

Venus is the second planet Despite being red, Mars is a

from the Sun very cold place

Venus Mars

Mercury Jupiter
Mercury is the closest planet Jupiter is the biggest planet of
to the Sun them all
 Infographics make your idea understandable

Mars Venus
Mars is actually a very Venus has extremely high
cold place temperatures

Mercury Saturn
Mercury is the closest Saturn is a gas giant and
planet to the Sun has several rings
 Tables represent your data in a clear way

Mass Diameter Surface gravity

(earths) (earths) (earths)

Mercury 0.06 0.38 0.38

Mars 0.11 0.53 0.38

Saturn 95.2 9.4 1.16

 You can use this graph

Mercury Venus
Mercury is the smallest Venus has very high
planet temperatures

Jupiter Saturn
Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is a gas giant
planet with rings

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 Our faculty

Sofia Hill Kaliyah Harris

You can speak a bit about this person You can speak a bit about this person
here here
 Exercise 1. Frequency

42,5% 12,5 %
2 times 3 times In a class with 40 children in total,
they have been asked about the
number of times they do sports per
week.
7,5 % 37,5 %
Look at the chart and answer.
4 times 1 time
What frequency is repeated the most?

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 Interpreting two-way tables

Water Juice Salty Sweet

Boys 8 3 Boys 5 7

Girls 7 5 Girls 6 9

In a class, boys and girls have been
asked about their food preferences.
Look at both tables.
1. How many children prefer to
drink water? And juice?
2. How many girls are there in the
sweet/salty group?
 Exercise 2 . Complete the table

5 meals 4 or 3 TOTAL
In a class with 40 boys and 40 girls they
Boys 25 40 have been asked about the number of
meals they eat per day. Complete the
Girls 30 40 gap.
 Interpreting two events in probability

A B
❏ AUB=
2 4 ❏ …
3 ❏ …
❏ …
1 5

Look at the circles and name all individual and

common events from cases A and B.
 Roll the dice!

Number 1 2 3 4 5 6

Probability 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,17 0,21

By rolling a six-sided die we have obtained the

following results for each number. Calculate the
probability for the number 5 and fill the gap.
 Choose your team!

Look at the graphic and calculate the

arithmetic mean and the distribution range of
the score obtained by the following soccer
teams.

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 Exercise 3. Events in probability

Sure event Get a number less than 10 3 4 5 6

Impossible event 7 5 8 9

Possible event 2 4 2 1

Pay attention at the numbers and times they

appear. Then, complete the table with 3
possible and impossible events for each gap.
 Thanks!
Do you have any questions?
youremail@freepik.com
+34 654 321 432
yourwebsite.com

CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and includes icons
by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik

Please keep this slide for attribution

Icon pack
 Alternative resources
Here’s an assortment of alternative resources whose style fits the one of this template:

Vectors
● Invest data Semi flat illustrations
● Business mission Semi Flat Illustrations
● Professional hand drawn infographic elements
 Resources
Did you like the resources on this template? Get them for free at our other websites

Vectors
● School education subject design icon set
● Business crisis Semi Flat Illustrations
● Pack de iconos: Economic development | Lineal

Photos
● Person doing a presentation for her colleagues
● Man showing some infographics in a video call
● Front view of smiley female teacher posing in front of blackboard
● Female teacher at desk

Icons
● Lottery
● Dice