Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Michel Tenenhaus
1.
(1)
(9)
Experience
(2)
Appearance
(10) Drive
(3)
Academic ability
(11) Ambition
(4)
Likeability
(12) Grasp
(5)
Self-confidence
(13) Potential
(6)
Lucidity
(7)
Honesty
(15) Suitability
(8)
Salesmanship
2
S
u m
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6
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1
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5
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1
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1
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1
0
1
1
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1
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0
0
1
8
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
4
0
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1
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0
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1
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2
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1
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1
5
5
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1
0
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1
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3
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5
1
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0
0
0
2
2
0
0
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i
o
e
l
a
X
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X
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2
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X
2
0
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1
1
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7
1
1
0
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7
4
4
X
3
9
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3
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X
4
0
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8
0
2
2
0
2
3
5
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1
3
7
3
6
5
7
X
5
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2
8
1
5
1
2
0
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0
6
5
4
2
1
2
2
0
X
6
7
8
2
1
1
7
3
8
0
6
6
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8
8
3
7
7
6
X
7
1
7
4
4
0
0
5
0
6
0
1
6
0
5
6
6
8
3
X
8
3
9
4
7
4
6
7
6
6
1
0
3
1
0
6
5
9
8
X
9
4
8
1
1
9
6
1
5
7
6
3
0
7
5
9
8
5
3
X
1
8
6
1
1
2
4
3
4
8
0
1
7
0
0
4
8
3
3
X
1
6
5
4
0
3
4
7
2
8
5
0
5
0
0
4
9
7
5
X
1
7
8
4
6
2
8
3
1
3
6
6
9
4
4
0
6
9
8
X
1
0
7
3
7
7
0
6
2
7
6
5
8
8
9
6
0
9
4
X
1
3
7
0
4
9
3
5
2
7
8
9
5
3
7
9
9
0
6
X
1
7
6
9
4
0
0
7
0
6
3
8
3
3
5
8
4
6
0
C L U S T E R
A N A L Y S I S * * *
Dendrogram using Complete Linkage (Mthode des voisins les plus loigns)
Rescaled Distance Cluster Combine
C A S E
Label
Num
X6
X12
X8
X11
X5
X10
X13
X2
X4
X14
X7
X9
X15
X1
X3
6
12
8
11
5
10
13
2
4
14
7
9
15
1
3
0
5
10
15
20
25
+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
Bloc 3 : Exprience
Form of letter of application, Experience, Suitability
Bloc 4 : Diplme
Academic ability
6
c
e
g
e
p
1
C
X
7
1
6
6
X
7
2
1
8
X
0
3
8
6
X
2
4
6
3
X
5
5
9
1
X
2
6
7
8
X
1
7
9
7
X
9
8
3
0
Bloc 1 unidimensionnel
8
Application
Bloc 2
Bloc 3
c
c
C
C
1
0
2
2
1
2
6
3
6
2
3
4
4
0
3
E
E
1
X
1
X
1
X
1
X
7
X
3
X
8
4.
Question :
Comment mesurer globalement la fiabilit de
linstrument de mesure ?
Cest dire le niveau dhomognit dun bloc
de variables xi positivement corrles entre elles ?
Rponse :
Utilisation du Alpha de Cronbach
10
Le modle
xi ei , i 1,..., p
o :
vraie mesure
xi item n i
ei erreur de mesure
avec les ei et indpendants.
11
Dfinition du de Cronbach
p
Score H xi
i 1
de Cronbach = Cor 2 ( H , )
Cov( x , x )
i j
Var ( H )
Var ( xi )
p
i
1
1
Var ( H )
i 1
i 1
Var ( H ) p Cor ( x j , xk )
j k
p ( p 1) j k
est grande.
13
devient :
Cov( x , x )
i j
Var ( H )
1
Cor ( xi , x j )
pr
2 p ( p 1) i j
p
Var ( H )
1 ( p 1)r
e
l
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
1
1
2
1
5
6
8
X
1
1
7
1
0
6
7
X
0
8
6
4
2
1
2
X
8
0
6
8
8
3
7
X
6
6
0
1
0
6
5
X
4
8
1
0
0
4
8
X
2
8
0
0
0
4
9
X
1
3
6
4
4
0
6
X
2
7
5
8
9
6
0
Bloc 1
R E L I A B I L I T Y
A N A L Y S I S
S C A L E
(A L P H A)
Item-total Statistics
X2
X5
X6
X8
X10
X11
X12
X13
Scale
Mean
if Item
Deleted
Scale
Variance
if Item
Deleted
41.2708
41.4167
42.0417
43.5625
43.0417
42.3750
42.1042
42.6667
364.1591
327.0142
300.9344
289.2726
312.5940
305.6011
303.3293
301.1206
Reliability Coefficients
Alpha =
.9503
Corrected
ItemTotal
Correlation
.5052
.8356
.8633
.8883
.8122
.8937
.8834
.8570
Squared
Multiple
Correlation
Alpha
if Item
Deleted
.4435
.7957
.8823
.8530
.7783
.8493
.8853
.8345
.9599
.9435
.9404
.9391
.9438
.9384
.9390
.9409
8 items
Standardized item alpha =
.9489
16
Bloc 2
l
1
4
7
X
X
X
Item-total Statistics
X4
X7
X14
Scale
Mean
if Item
Deleted
Scale
Variance
if Item
Deleted
13.6042
11.7083
14.1875
19.5208
25.1472
23.4747
Reliability Coefficients
Alpha =
.8153
Corrected
ItemTotal
Correlation
.7823
.5986
.6312
Squared
Multiple
Correlation
Alpha
if Item
Deleted
.6127
.4166
.4695
.6185
.8125
.7820
3 items
Standardized item alpha =
.8138
17
Bloc 3
l
1
1
9
X
X
X
Item-total Statistics
X1
X9
X15
Scale
Mean
if Item
Deleted
Scale
Variance
if Item
Deleted
10.1875
11.9583
10.2292
36.9641
28.3812
27.7974
Reliability Coefficients
Alpha =
.8223
Corrected
ItemTotal
Correlation
.6165
.7043
.7318
Squared
Multiple
Correlation
Alpha
if Item
Deleted
.3824
.5107
.5405
.8184
.7287
.6981
3 items
Standardized item alpha =
.8237
18
5.
g
oe
f
V
o
u
V
o
l
C
a
a
t
l a
a
t
a
r
t
o
a
1
9
9
9
6
6
9
6
6
2
1
1
8
7
3
8
7
3
3
5
6
2
0
2
2
0
2
4
4
1
7
9
1
7
9
1
5
9
8
9
6
3
5
4
7
1
2
6
8
0
6
2
9
6
6
8
1
0
8
2
9
1
1
9
5
4
1
2
3
0
5
1
3
5
4
8
1
4
4
9
8
1
5
5
2
0
E
19
p
o
1
2
3
4
X
2
X
8
X
1
X
3
X
5
X
4
X
9
X
0
0
6
5 X
X
6
5
X
3
5 X
8 X
6 X
X
0
E
a
4
20
a
p
o
p
o
1
2
3
4
X
8
X
7
X
7
X
3
X
6
X
8
X
1
X
6
2 X
0 X
7 X
X
2
X
3
X
8
X
8
E
R
a
R
21
6.
6.2. Le modle
X1 = 11Y1 + + 1mYm + e1
..
.
Xi = i1Y1 + + imYm + ei
..
.
Xp = p1Y1 + + pmYm + ep
o :
Les facteurs Y1,, Ym, e1,, em sont tous non corrls entre eux.
22
23
Application Kendall
g
oe
f
V
o
u
V
o
l
C
a
a
t
l a
a
t
a
r
t
1
9
9
6
6
9
6
6
2
1
8
7
3
8
7
3
3
6
2
0
2
2
0
2
4
1
7
9
1
7
9
1
5
9
8
9
6
3
5
4
7
1
2
6
8
0
6
2
9
6
6
8
1
0
8
2
9
1
1
9
5
4
1
2
3
0
5
1
3
5
4
8
1
4
4
9
8
1
5
5
2
0
E
24
j1
j1
25
Application Kendall
Matrice des corrlations entre les variables et les
ij
a
u
facteurs
e
n
i
p
o
a
c
1
2
3
4 X
2
X
8
2
9
X
6
X
8
7
9
X
2
X
0
0
0
X
3
X
0
5
1
X
6
X
8
5
8
X
2
X
8
2
0
X
1
X
6
1
8
X
3
X
6
5
0
X
0
X
5
9
0
X
8
X
7
0
5
X
9
X
8
6
6
X
1
X
1
5
2
X
X
5
5
8
3
X
X
4
0
4
5
X
5
3
8
X
5
E
E
a
.
4
P
26
Var(X i ) 1
ij
j1
hi2 =
communaut
Var(ei) =
spcificit
Qualit de la dcomposition
p
Var(Xi ) p
i 1
Variance
totale
i1 ...
i
Variance
explique
par Y1 ( = 1)
im
Variance
explique
par Ym ( = m)
Variance
rsiduelle
27
Communaut
p
o
m
1
2
3
4
2
2
X
5
8
2
9
i
ij
X
3
8
7
9
j1
X
9
0
0
0
X
6
0
5
1
X
9
8
5
8
X
5
8
2
0
X
3
6
1
8
X
1
6
5
0
X
5
5
9
0
X
4
7
0
5
X
3
8
6
6
X
8
1
5
2
X
2
5
8
3
X
0
4
0
4
X
6
5
3
8
Variance
explique
j ij2
i 1
28
Formules de dcomposition :
2
Var(Xi ) 1 i12 + ... + im
+ i
i1
im
i
im
i1
i1
k1
im
km
29
Formule gnrale
1 Cor(X1 , X 2 )
11 12
22
21
p1 p2
Cor(X1 , X p )
Cor(X 2 , X p )
1m 11
2m 12
pm 1m
21
22
2m
p1 1
p2 0
pm 0
'
0
0
R = +
30
R = +
Les ij sont les saturations et les i les spcificits.
Mthodes usuelles dextraction des saturations :
-
31
Application Kendall
R=
t i
o
r e
l
a
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
X
2
3
4
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
1
1
0
X
1
4
0
4
9
8
4
3
6
6
2
6
8
8
7
9
8
6
5
8
7
7
6
X
2
4
9
4
0
5
3
0
0
0
1
8
1
8
4
7
1
1
0
6
7
4
4
X
3
6
4
9
3
4
0
9
2
9
1
2
7
4
0
6
6
4
4
8
0
3
0
X
4
4
6
9
0
4
2
0
0
0
2
8
3
2
5
7
1
3
7
3
6
5
7
X
5
1
2
0
1
4
1
2
2
7
0
8
8
5
0
6
5
4
2
1
2
2
0
X
6
4
8
9
1
5
7
8
3
7
8
2
0
1
6
6
7
8
8
3
7
7
6
X
7
5
7
8
4
1
0
8
5
1
0
4
6
0
0
1
6
0
5
6
6
8
3
X
8
3
9
1
7
6
6
6
7
3
6
4
6
4
1
0
3
1
0
6
5
9
8
X
9
0
8
3
1
9
6
9
1
4
5
1
7
9
6
3
0
7
5
9
8
5
3
X
1
3
6
0
1
8
4
1
3
8
4
1
8
2
0
1
7
0
0
4
8
3
3
X
1
9
5
8
0
0
4
8
7
6
2
4
8
3
5
0
5
0
0
4
9
7
5
X
1
9
8
1
6
8
8
0
3
7
1
4
3
2
6
6
9
4
4
0
6
9
8
X
1
4
7
8
7
6
0
7
6
0
2
3
7
7
6
5
8
8
9
6
0
9
4
X
1
1
7
1
4
4
3
4
5
3
2
0
7
9
8
9
5
3
7
9
9
0
6
X
1
9
6
2
4
3
0
2
7
7
0
9
6
0
3
8
3
3
5
8
4
6
0
32
m=4
p
o
1
2
3
4
X
5
8
2
9
X
3
8
7
9
X
9
0
0
0
X
6
0
5
1
X
9
8
5
8
X
5
8
2
0
X
3
6
1
8
X
1
6
5
0
X
5
5
9
0
X
4
7
0
5
X
3
8
6
6
X
8
1
5
2
X
2
5
8
3
X
0
4
0
4
X
6
5
3
8
rik i1 k1 ... i4 k 4
= Corrlation reproduite l'aide du modle
33
X
X
X
X
X
1
X
2
X
3
X
X
4
X
X
5
X
6
X
7
X
1
8
X
1
9
1
1
1
0
1
1
2
3
b
R
X
e
1
p
r o
2
8
0
1
2
3
.2
6
4
2
.3
4
1
9
.3
8
2
.4
9
4
.7
8
6
0
0
5
2
2
4
7
2
8
8
0
7
4
3
2
3
b
X
2
4
2
4
6
4
6
.4
1
3
9
.5
4
9
6
.5
0
1
.3
5
2
.3
9
7
5
6
5
4
6
5
9
3
4
5
3
9
0
3
2
8
b
X
3
0
6
0
8
0
2
.0
3
1
2
.2
0
7
1
.3
1
2
.4
3
5
.2
1
4
5
2
4
1
2
6
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
2
8
5
b
X
4
4
6
7
2
3
7
.3
1
2
4
.5
4
3
2
.5
4
5
.6
2
3
.3
6
3
0
6
3
0
2
9
8
4
9
3
3
3
0
8
5
8
b
X
5
8
3
3
1
8
2
.8
0
8
6
.7
7
2
7
.7
6
4
.4
3
3
.2
3
6
2
5
4
6
6
8
0
5
8
6
7
5
0
2
5
4
b
X
6
8
9
3
7
8
3
.8
1
2
0
.8
7
2
6
.7
8
2
.5
3
6
.4
4
5
6
2
3
6
0
4
8
3
5
5
2
4
9
2
0
9
b
X
7
3
0
8
1
2
4
.2
2
6
2
.4
2
8
4
.4
5
1
.4
2
0
.0
3
6
2
6
5
1
0
3
4
3
7
6
4
0
4
3
0
4
b
X
8
8
5
2
3
8
2
.8
2
3
4
.8
8
3
5
.7
2
6
.5
9
9
.5
3
8
2
4
8
3
1
3
7
6
4
0
1
5
4
2
9
7
b
X
9
1
9
2
1
2
6
.2
7
3
2
.2
3
4
3
.3
3
0
.2
3
4
.7
8
5
4
3
0
3
9
6
6
0
0
7
2
0
9
8
7
5
b
X
1
0
7
5
2
5
8
0
.8
3
2
8
.7
7
6
5
.7
2
0
.5
2
3
.5
4
6
8
5
0
6
8
0
6
7
8
8
9
7
1
3
8
3
b
X
1
1
8
5
2
4
8
3
.8
2
4
7
.8
8
3
9
.7
5
3
.5
8
3
.4
0
5
0
4
7
0
1
5
6
0
3
7
8
9
1
9
6
4
b
X
1
2
8
6
4
2
8
2
.8
2
6
4
.8
7
0
0
.8
0
1
.5
1
0
.5
9
0
8
9
1
4
5
4
5
9
5
1
5
1
1
7
1
1
b
X
1
3
7
9
4
0
7
8
.7
3
0
3
.8
7
8
3
.8
4
2
.5
7
8
.5
6
2
6
2
6
3
5
2
8
8
5
3
9
9
7
5
0
6
b
X
1
4
5
4
4
0
5
9
.5
2
8
2
.5
5
5
2
.5
7
8
.8
4
5
.4
0
5
8
0
3
0
5
9
5
7
8
8
5
6
1
0
5
4
X
1
5
4
3
0
0
5
3
.4
7
7
3
.5
5
2
8
.5
4
5
.4
1
8
.7
2
4
9
9
8
4
5
7
9
5
5
3
9
4
1
6
4
5b
a
R
X
e
1
s
i
d
0
5
0
5
0
2
.0
1
4
.0
0
1
0
.0
2
6
.0
2
7
.1
3
6
6
8
2
4
1
5
0
3
1
3
1
7
4
6
4
7
X
2
1
0
3
0
8
.0
0
0
0
.0
1
2
.0
5
7
.0
2
3
.0
5
6
1
5
9
0
5
3
8
2
5
4
4
1
3
6
8
6
X
3
0
3
0
0
2
.0
0
1
6
.0
0
0
7
.0
1
.0
1
6
.0
4
5
4
5
0
9
2
0
1
5
8
4
6
1
3
1
4
5
X
4
0
8
0
2
0
.0
0
2
7
.0
0
4
3
.0
9
6
.0
1
.0
2
0
1
6
1
4
1
8
1
3
0
0
1
3
7
8
9
1
X
5
0
0
0
1
0
2
.0
0
6
.0
0
1
6
.0
4
5
.0
2
0
.0
5
2
7
0
4
3
1
3
0
0
1
2
3
9
0
2
4
X
6
2
0
0
0
4
.0
0
1
8
.0
0
5
.0
3
5
.0
0
6
.0
0
7
6
7
0
7
8
0
4
2
7
1
7
4
4
3
2
X
7
0
5
1
0
9
.0
0
4
4
.0
0
3
0
.0
9
.0
0
4
.0
7
4
5
0
3
1
8
2
7
2
5
4
5
8
7
2
7
X
8
0
2
0
1
1
.0
0
2
5
.0
0
0
3
.0
0
0
.0
8
.0
0
1
0
8
2
8
4
3
4
0
9
3
5
8
7
0
2
X
9
0
5
0
4
0
2
.0
5
3
.0
0
0
2
.0
7
5
.0
0
3
.0
0
0
4
0
7
0
4
1
0
9
3
5
0
9
8
2
X
1
0
0
1
0
4
0
1
.0
0
2
3
.0
6
4
.0
5
4
.0
0
0
.0
0
1
7
2
5
6
9
2
9
2
3
7
6
5
5
0
X
1
1
0
9
0
0
0
1
0
0
7
.0
0
7
1
.0
3
1
.0
2
3
.0
0
3
2
7
5
2
5
0
5
1
7
4
7
0
1
9
X
1
2
0
5
0
2
0
1
.0
0
3
4
0
7
3
.0
1
3
.0
4
7
.0
0
9
6
4
2
8
8
1
0
0
6
2
7
9
1
3
X
1
3
0
8
0
1
0
1
.0
0
3
6
.0
0
0
6
2
1
.0
3
8
.0
1
0
2
4
0
7
1
7
9
1
5
2
0
9
0
3
X
1
4
0
5
0
8
0
0
.0
0
0
4
.0
0
2
8
.0
2
4
0
9
.0
0
2
2
3
1
2
0
0
8
5
5
1
1
0
8
X
1
5
0
4
0
6
0
1
.0
0
2
7
.0
0
1
6
.0
4
5
.0
3
1
3
4
3
2
4
7
2
2
2
2
5
0
9
3
3
8
E x
tr a
a
.
R
es
i
d
b
.
R
epr o
34
6.6.
Formule de dcomposition (p = 3, m = 2) :
1 Cor(X1 , X 2 ) Cor(X1 , X 3 )
R
1
Cor(X 2 , X 3 )
1
11 12
11
21 22
12
31 32
1 0
TT '
0 1
21
22
1 0
31
0 2
32
0
0
0
0
3
35
y
cos
A
*
*
-sin
cos
sin
T
X
Matrice de rotation T :
TT = T T= I
x
x = Proj(A) sur laxe X
y = Proj(A) sur laxe Y
X
36
Indtermination de la dcomposition
1 Cor(X1 , X 2 ) Cor(X1 , X 3 )
R
1
Cor(X 2 , X 3 )
Var(X 3 )
11 12
1 0
11 21 31
21 22 TT '
0 2
12 22 32 0
31 32
0
0
0
3
I
Nouvelle matrice des saturations aprs rotation :
11
21
31
12 11 12
cos() sin(
22 21 22
sin(
)
cos(
32 31 32
37
11
21
31
12 11 12
22 21 22 T
32 31 32
Objectifs :
(1)
(2)
e
l
X
X
X
X
1
1
1
9
4
7
X
8
6
6
7
7
X
0
3
1
6
5
X
3
0
7
3
6
X
1
7
0
5
5
X
6
3
5
0
8
X
5
6
5
8
0
2
e
R (Xj;Y1,Y2)
p
o
c
1
2
X
X
0
5
X
X
3
4
X
X
7
2
X
X
0
8
X
4
6
X
X
0
5
X
Seulement dans
loption ACP
a
2
39
x14
Component 2
0.0
x1
x15
-.5
x9
-1.0
-1.0
Component 1
-.5
0.0
.5
1.0
40
a
n
p
o
1
2
C
1
2
1
X
5
2
X
4
E
X
2
R
X
8
X
6
X
5
T ( TT = I )
a
2
a
p
p
o
1
2
X
4
7
X
6
4
X
7
5
X
8
3
X
3
5
X
1
3
==
E
R
41
a
R
x4
x7
x14
.5
x15
x1
x9
Component 2
0.0
-.5
-1.0
-1.0
Component 1
-.5
0.0
.5
1.0
42
a
p
o
p
o
1
2
3
4
X
6
0
8
6
X
6
2
1
8
X
1
8
7
8
X
6
5
2
2
X
8
4
6
2
X
3
9
9
4
X
6
2
3
1
X
7
6
7
1
X
3
2
2
2
X
8
2
1
9
X
7
2
6
8
X
6
7
8
6
X
1
9
9
7
X
7
4
8
2
X
1
7
7
5
E
R
a
R
43
a
p
o
p
o
1
2
3
4
X
8
X
7
X
7
X
3
X
6
X
8
X
1
9
X
6
1
2 X
0 X
7 X
X
2
X
3
X
7
8
2
X
8
E
R
a
R
44
6.7.
a X ... a X
Y
j
j1 1
jp p
aussi proche que possible de Yj.
La rgression de Yj sur X1,, Xp donne :
1
p
o
1
2
3
4
X
7
2
3
1
X
6
9
7
9
X
0
2
4
7
X
8
0
8
8
X
9
1
1
8
X
4
5
1
1
X
3
8
0
9
X
4
6
5
2
X
3
2
0
0
X
4
5
6
0
X
6
8
1
8
X
6
4
9
8
X
8
2
9
4
X
6
6
6
1
X
3
1
5
0
E
R
46
C
a
m
c
c
t
t
t
e
t
e
e
e
u
u
u
1
1
8
8
4
8
1
2
1
8
6
7
4
9
3
0
7
6
6
8
6
4
5
2
9
8
7
9
5
1
6
0
5
1
9
6
5
9
5
1
7
0
7
6
0
3
0
7
7
8
1
5
9
7
1
1
9
6
4
5
2
9
5
1
0
5
0
6
4
9
2
1
1
9
7
7
4
5
1
1
2
1
8
4
2
6
0
1
3
5
3
1
9
5
7
1
4
1
0
4
0
6
0
1
5
4
0
1
3
8
7
1
6
7
0
3
1
5
3
1
7
5
2
4
1
3
5
1
8
7
5
9
9
5
5
1
9
2
8
1
3
9
0
2
0
7
3
5
1
8
5
a
L
.
i
47
2p 5
(n 1
) ln | R |
6
2p 5
(n 1
) rik2
6 ik
2
1-
p(p 1)
2
48
Application
K
A
0
5
0
B
A
S
d
S
49
8. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure
of Sampling Adequacy
La corrlation partielle
Xi = i0 + i1Y1 + + imYm + i
Xk = k0 + k1Y1 + + kmYm + k
==>
Les facteurs
spcifiques sont
non corrls entre
eux.
50
Application Kendall
ge
e
C
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
X6
X1
X7
X1
X8
X1
X9
X1
X1
X1
0
1
a
X1
2
7
7
3
1
9
1
3
7
2
1
9
4
1
0
3
4
6
4
4
0
2
5
7
a
X2
2
8
1
4
8
2
6
6
8
4
4
3
0
9
4
7
9
0
0
1
7
1
4
4
a
X3
2
2
1
5
6
7
4
4
0
9
6
8
2
4
0
5
4
1
6
6
7
0
0
2
a
X4
1
5
7
8
8
0
0
3
3
1
1
4
6
6
0
7
8
8
5
3
5
0
6
5
a
X5
1
3
1
2
4
4
6
0
1
3
2
2
9
2
3
4
0
3
8
2
7
3
5
9
a
X6
0
3
4
9
0
2
2
8
6
9
9
8
5
3
4
8
1
5
0
2
5
3
9
2
a
X7
1
6
0
6
4
8
0
0
0
7
3
4
4
1
3
4
6
4
8
9
1
0
0
5
a
X8
3
9
4
7
9
6
4
7
8
0
0
3
1
0
6
1
2
0
0
4
7
2
8
6
a
X9
5
7
6
6
0
1
1
1
8
5
3
6
5
5
4
1
0
5
1
7
4
4
0
0
a
X1
4
6
4
1
0
4
6
3
5
2
8
9
0
5
8
2
0
1
3
2
8
9
5
6
a
X1
2
7
4
1
1
3
6
2
3
8
2
8
2
6
9
5
4
7
2
0
6
1
3
9
a
X1
1
0
0
5
7
2
7
8
5
9
7
4
5
9
1
6
7
4
8
6
7
4
4
8
a
X1
0
3
2
6
1
9
0
8
0
4
3
8
3
7
0
0
2
4
9
1
4
2
2
3
a
X1
2
0
5
5
4
5
0
6
6
9
5
7
9
2
0
2
8
0
5
3
4
2
1
7
X1
7
1
7
1
4
2
2
5
5
6
9
0
2
2
5
5
6
0
6
9
8
3
7
5 a
a
.
M
51
r
KMO
r a
ik
ik
2
ik
2
ik
ik
2
ik
KMO
Qualit espre de
l'analyse factorielle
.90
Marvelous
.80
Meritorious
.70
Middling
.60
Mediocre
.50
Miserable
<.50
Unacceptable
52
9.
CONCLUSION (!!!!)
53
- Maximum de vraisemblance
54
11
i1
p1
1m
im
pm
dans SPSS
- Yj = Composantes principales
rduites :
Component Matrix
- Yj orthogonaux :
Factor Matrix
- Yj corrls :
Pattern Matrix
Var(X i ) 1
ij
j1
hi 2 =
communaut
i
Var(ei) =
spcificit
2
i
2
cor
(Xi , Yj )
j1
56
2
Var(Xi ) 1 i12 + ... + im
+ i
On dduit :
p
Var(Xi ) p
i 1
i1 ...
i
Variance
totale
Variance
explique
par Y1
im
i
Variance
explique
par Ym
Variance
rsiduelle
57
Var(X i ) - i = h i2 =
Cor(Xi , X k ) =
i1
i1
i1
im
im
k1
im
km
58
1 1 Cor(X1 , X 2 ) Cor(X1 , X 3 )
Cor(X
,
X
)
2
2
3
3
1 3
0
0
Cor(X1 , X 2 ) Cor(X1 , X 3 ) 11 12
11
2
h2
Cor(X 2 , X 3 ) 21 22
12
h3
31 32
21
22
31
32
59
Application Kendall
a
u
r n
M
a
t
c
i
a
a
c
X
1
1
1
2
3
4
X
2
0
4
0
X
2
4
X
6
9
1
0
X
3
8
X
1
5
9
6
X
4
0
X
9
5
5
7
X
5
6
X
8
4
2
0
X
6
5
X
2
2
1
4
X
7
8
X
2
1
3
6
X
8
1
X
9
2
5
9
X
9
9
X
1
0
6
2
X
1
X
5
6
7
8
7
X
X
1
8
6
2
7
3
X
0
0
4
1
X
1
3
X
2
6
4
0
X
1
0
X
9
6
8
9
X
1
9
X
1
2
8
7
X
1
6
E
a
4
60
Application Kendall
ACP
Facteurs
principaux
Facteur principaux
+ rotation varimax
c e
o
o
g
f
f
e
S
S
n
T
V
o
u
V
o
l
u
a
F
a
o
l
t
a
a
l
a
t
a
r
a
t
a
a
t
r
i
t
1
3
7
9
4
6
4
6
0
7
7
1
1
1
2
3
8
8
2
7
6
3
0
9
6
4
4
5
3
3
1
2
0
0
6
2
0
1
7
0
1
5
4
2
1
7
6
9
2
1
8
0
7
4
1
7
5
9
8
9
6
3
5
4
7
1
2
6
8
0
6
2
9
6
6
8
1 0
8
2
9
1 1
9
5
4
1 2
3
0
5
1 3
5
4
8
1 4
4
9
8
1 5
5
2
0
E
61
Application Kendall
a
c
c
r
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
F
X
2
1
X
9
2
X
0
3
X
4
4
X
3
E
X
1
R
X
6
X
8
9 X
1
4 X
5 X
X
3
2
X
6
X
2
X
5
9
7
E
R
a
R
62
ik
rij i1 k1 ... im km
= Corrlation reproduite l'aide du modle
63
Application Kendall
a
n
a
t
c
i
3
1X
8
4X
2
1X
3
8X
8
6X
0
5X
1
9X
7
1X
3
9X
8
5X
0
3X
2
3X
4
0X
1
7X
5
6X
E
a
O
1
s
o
64
(rik rik )2
Minimiser
ik
i
k
ik
o
rij i1 k1 ... im km
= Corrlation reproduite l'aide du modle
et
rik rik
Cor(Xi , X k | Y1 ,..., Ym ) Cor(ei , e k )
i
k
65
Notations :
S = matrice de covariances observe sur un chantillon de taille n
'
matrice de covariance reconstitue par le modle
C
Maximisation :
On recherche les saturations et les spcificits estimes
maximisant le logarithme de la vraisemblance des donnes :
1
1
1
L( S , C ) cste (n p 2) ln | S | (n 1) ln | C | (n 1) Tr C 1S
2
2
2
66
2 n 1 (2p 5) m Ln
12 ( )
6
3
|S|
Remarque :
2
o
1
2 (sik cik )2
n 1 (2p 5) m
i
k
6
3 ik
sik cik
est une estimation de cor(Xi , X k | Y1,..., Ym )
i
k
67
m=4
i
q
g
m=5
i
q
g
m =q
6
g
11.2. Le modle
X1 = 11Y1 + + 1mYm + e1
..
.
Xi = i1Y1 + + imYm + ei
..
.
Xp = p1Y1 + + pmYm + ep
o :
- Les facteurs communs Yj peuvent tre corrls entre eux.
- Les facteurs spcifiques ei ,, em sont tous non corrls entre eux
et avec les facteurs communs.
69
Le modle
X1 = 11Y1 + + 1mYm + e1
..
.
Xi = i1Y1 + + imYm + ei
..
.
Xp = p1Y1 + + pmYm + ep
scrit aussi
X 1 11
X p p1
1m Y1 e1
pm Ym em
X = Y + e
70
'
71
1 Cor(X1 , X 2 ) Cor(X1 , X 3 )
R
1
Cor(X 2 , X 3 )
1
11 12
11
21 22
12
31 32
TT'
21
22
1 0
31
0 2
32
0
0
0
0
3
72
Options SPSS
Direct Oblimin Method
A method for oblique (nonorthogonal) rotation. When delta
equals 0 (the default), solutions are most oblique. As delta
becomes more negative, the factors become less oblique.
To override the default delta of 0, enter a number less than or
equal to -0.8.
Promax Rotation
An oblique rotation, which allows factors to be correlated.
This rotation can be calculated more quickly than a direct
oblimin rotation, so it is useful for large datasets.
73
1
1.000
.325
.452
.046
2
.325
1.000
.156
.074
3
.452
.156
1.000
-.021
4
.046
.074
-.021
1.000
74
x5
x11
x8
x6
x10
x12
x13
x9
x1
x15
x7
x4
x2
x3
x14
1
.999
.968
.967
.871
.787
.750
.637
-.049
-.038
.263
.026
-.056
.332
.000
.291
Component
2
3
-.259
-.015
.020
-.087
.068
-.110
-.041
.096
.237
-.007
.126
.195
.206
.298
.870
-.094
.853
.066
.767
-.018
-.304
.911
.209
.903
.071
.349
.085
.016
.321
.472
4
-.054
-.037
-.053
.010
-.052
.150
.232
.191
-.153
.069
.027
-.067
.236
.929
-.519
x8
x11
x5
x6
x12
x10
x13
x2
x15
x9
x1
x4
x7
x14
x3
1
.937
.934
.906
.902
.886
.858
.849
.523
.507
.200
.261
.417
.339
.585
.078
Component
2
3
.361
.339
.318
.354
.059
.398
.257
.483
.411
.550
.488
.386
.477
.613
.251
.505
.855
.219
.853
.016
.839
.185
.326
.912
-.152
.874
.451
.665
.157
.010
4
.000
.011
-.027
.045
.190
.002
.270
.249
.138
.255
-.093
-.072
-.013
-.492
.935
76
x8
x11
x5
x6
x12
x10
x13
x2
x15
x9
x1
x4
x7
x14
x3
1
.937
.934
.906
.902
.886
.858
.849
.523
.507
.585
Component
2
3
.550
.613
.505
.855
.853
.839
.912
.874
.665
.935
77