/ atiric Pe trenius ArbiterTranflated by feveral Hands. With a K EY by a Perfon of Honour. AND A DE and & gS By Monfieur St. Lig bea LSo HAR ‘ACTER EvremMOner.- Che Fourth Edition. To which is added, ‘Some other of the®o™ aM Posts “Hie Catellus, Tibullus and Propertius. And Tr anilations from the Greek of Pindar, Anacreon and Sappho. With a Poxsm on TELEMACUS., By the Duke of Du And an Essay on Jon Luke of £ The whole Adorn’d ONSHIRE: Poe Tay, by reRIV Ae Bo aS SICKIN Ban sh os wich c UTS. LONDON: Printed for S.enuel Lrifcoe at the Bell-Savage on Ludgate- Fhill 3 and Sold by The. Bickerrow ac the Crea in Pater- NoSter-Rowy 172kS22 09 Oncerning the Difficulty of 20, Lranflateng this Author E foal fay nothing, the? the French ‘Tranjlator has beftow'd half his Pres = = face to. enforce it, be- caufe if the Difficulty was greater. than the Undertakers could well go through with, or vanquifh with Reputation, the Infamy is not leffend, but their Folly much magnifyd. Befides, this Ver- fion has already been receiw’d mith fuch fuccefs, that the Bookfeller bas thought it worth his while to venture a new Impref- fon, by feveral Hands : In fhort, boi the Aa Profe SSS LEZThe Preface. Profe and Verfe fo much improv'd, that this may juftly be [aid to -be wholly new ; ‘befides, a T Bird Part ‘never before made Englifh. . Having faid in few words all that was neceffary as to the ‘Lranflation, I foall come to the main point of ths Preludium, which a, to remove fome Reflections on the.Origi- nal ; and to give fome few Remarks upon its Author. There are fone People that are pre- poffe[sd with a Prejudice againft the Wks of Petronius Arbiter, not from their omn Reading, or Knowledge of the Matter, but from a fort of traditional Calumny, that the Devotees have raisyd againft him. But juch £ defire to perufe the Life of Petro- nius without prejudice, and what £ here foal offer in bis Defence againft thofe Cen- fures which unfair Critécks or grojs Tono- vance have laid upon bim. We have nothing to fear fron any Charge on the Defect of bis Hat, and the Purity of bis Stile, bis Fame for that is But too well eftablifo'd ali Europe over, and his Party every where too smanerous to appre- bendThe Preface. hend an Attaque from that fide, for F may venture to affert, that Petronius zs not. much lefs admir'd now, than he. was in ancient Rome ; for our Age, by an ad- murable circulation of ‘Temper, bas. very much of that of the time in which our Author lie'd, and of which he bas left us fo agreeable a Draught. ‘Libis general Inclination to Petronius is not confin’d to thofe learned Men of my Acquaintance, but reaches all fuch who have ever difcover’d any juft clam to Kuoledge and a good'Tafte 5 becaufe there a a fort of particular Sympathy betwixt thofe Perfons of Quality who love Petro- nius, and the Knowledge of the Belle Lettres. For he, of all the Ancients, Jeems only to bave known, and to have had a Lafte of that true Gallantry, which at this time finfhes the Character’ of Politenefs. With fuch a drefs he attaques the Defects. of the Underflanding and Wit, or the Frailties of the Heart, im that Paiuine which he has left us of the Manners of bus Age, that be every where keeps up bis Force and Energy, according to the different A a ChaeThe Preface. Charaders of hi Perfons -introducd. Thefe and kis other admirable Qualities gave him fuch a Value with the Prince of Conde, ¢ Man of Spirit and Wit, that he maiatain’d feveral learned Gentlemen to read Petronius to him. But to omit nothing that is neceffary to compleat the Defence of our Author, we suf enquire further than in-bis Life, into the Spirit with which be wrote this Sa- tyr, what Defign be bad, and how he bas executed that Delign. The Men of Wit among the Greeks and Romans al- ways alfem’d the Principle of that Sect of Philofophy mbich was moft agreeable to bis Femper and Genius. Ad the Au- ibors, that have wrote of Petronius, affure us, that be was of the Set of Epicurus, which Opinion they found on feveral Paffa- ges of bis Satyricon, which feem agree- able to the Doétrine of that Philofopher. But that 1 but a Problematick Opinion, for from the very fame Reafon we may conclude, that he was of all and every one of the Sects ; becaufe we find all their different Opinions in his Works : The only ProofThe Preface. Proof this gives us, 15, that bis Wit lov'd to indulge zt felf with a Liberty in Wri-: fing. But fuppofe that be was an Epicurean, we ought wot to look on him with an Eye of that Injuftice, which the Vulgar - genc- rally da to Epicurus bimfelf, whofe Sen- timents are much more pure than w% com- monly imagied. “Ihe Morals of that ‘Phi- fopher draw thetr Principles from Right Reafon ; and he was fer from the ufual, wmputed Abfurdities of pafing bis Life in a perpetual Debauch : On the contrary, be objeru'd fuch a feverity am bis Pleafures, m his Endeavours to deliver Mankind from the tyranny of the Paffions, that Se- neca was oblie’d to fay much to the advan- tage of that Philofopber, That he had given his Followers not one Precept, but what was conformable to Honelty and. Juftice. Lh Teftimony which Seneca (who was bimfelf a Stoic by Profefion) gave him, was a Condemnation of the Sect op- pofte to Epicurus, and fuffciently difco- ver'd theiy Vanity. For the Principles. A4 — ofThe Preface. of the Stoics, which would be admira- ble as, the Mouth of a Chriftian, are entirely ridiculous in that of thofe Philo-. Jopbers : Nor can that Moral claim any Advantage, which dethrones, as I may fay, the Divinity, and fets Man m the Seat. of Jupiter ; thofe who held, that Pain was a Good, and Pleafure an Evil, and who direled our whole Lives through Pain and. Aufterity, bad only exceffive Pride for thei Virtue, and for their fapream Good sotheyg but a vain Name, and Chimerical Glory : Jnflead of which, the Morals of Epicurus mere founded on good Senfe, mbich taught the Pagans, that the foveraign Good was to have a long Life with Indolence and Pleafure. Stuce it is by no means reafonable to ex- pect a Chriftian inthe Perfon of Petro- nius, we ought to be fatisfyd if we find him an boneft Pagan; a Man of good, Senfe, who reafon'd and liv'd according to the true Principles of Natural Know- ledge, which leaves nctther room for Hope or “Tyanfgreffion. The manmer of his Death alone may juftifie this Opinion. Elis : DeathThe Preface. Death, zdeed, x the moft noble of “any o all shofe, which Antiquity fo Leo g mires. In it you cannot find either Fear, or AffeCtation, Defpair or Pride. Ta- citus, very near his time, .defcribes him ta us dying with the fame “Tranquility in which he liv’d. The Deaths of Socrates, and that of Cato of Utica, mbich are the two moft celebrated of thofe Ages, in no meafure approach that of Petronius. The great Philofophical Difcourfes which the fifi made, and the Treatife of the Immortality of the Soul, mbich the other more than once bad recourfe to, only foew us bow they were oblig’d to put aff that Terror, which their approaching Fates advanc’d. tt w remarkable, that Tacitus does not venture to fay, that Petronius was a Voluptuary ; but only, that he adapted bis ConducS to bis defire of pleafing the Em- perour 5 and we can wuch lefs conclude, that bis Manners were corrupt, becaufe he drew the Debocheries of Nero and his Court. If we grve our felves leave to re- fled, that this manner of Writing was the ModeThe Preface. Mode of the Age be liv'd in, and that he gave himfelf the Air of a fevere .Philo- fopher, who with Freedom lays open the Vices of his Times, and explams ery thing by. its Name.; as Cicero, a bis familiar Epiftles, fays of the Stoics, Pla- cet Stozczs {uo quamque rem nomine ap- pellare. And the fame Cuftom i the greateft part of the Authors, who have wrote zs bis way, ought to convince Pofterity, shat they ought.to entertain no fufpicion of bis Libertinifm.. Dus Martial fays, Lafciva eft nobis pagina -vita proba, that if his Epigrams had. the Air of Debochery, -yet his Life was regular. And Catullus almoft to the fame purpofe af- fures USy Nam caftum decet effe pium Poe- tam Ipfum ; Verficulis nihil neceffe eft. That it is ofno manner of neceflity that the Peet’s Verfes be chafte, provi- ded his Life be fo. Ad Petronius bimfelf, being apprebenfive that his Wri- tingsThe Preface. tings might incur fome fuch Cenfures. in his Time, prevents their Objection in @ manner, that fhowd inform them, that he Wrote not by a Spirit of Corruption, but. by the difgult of a Court Philofopher ; who bad been offended by the Diforders of the Emperour and bis Favourites, whom he expofes to their own View im a moft Sa- tyrical manner. And this 1s fo plain, that za bis moft lively Defcriptions of their Debocheries, be fo qualifies and Jweetens the Images by the rms and Fxpreffions, that at firft Modefty cannot be fhook by zt 5 and he employs none of thofe grofs Words which the Authors we have naw’ dare ery where full of, and which the Latin Tongue allows a certain liberty of ufing, tho the Modefty of our Language well not per- mit tt. Tho’ Fulgentius tells us, that be wrote feveral Books, particularly one cal?’d Eu- feius or Euftois, @ Tract againft a cer- tain Advocate, whom be calls Cerberus Forenfis ; and a Poem, entituled, Albucia, againft bis Rivals ia a Lady of that Name, with whom he was very much in Love ; bu thisThe Preface. this Satyr agamft Nero zs all that the in- jury of Times.bas left us. ‘Ibis way of azreeably mixing Prote and Verfe mas in- vented by Varro, which, a Aulus Gel-. lius informs us, he call’d Menippean, from Menippus the Cynic Philofopher ; be- caufe Menippus, before him, had treated o Pes feria in. clefts or owners, fide ar manner. This kind was call’d tnixt Satyr, to diflingsafh it from the Sa- tyrs zm equal Verle. We have feen in the foregoing Age,at France, a Menippean Satyr ; an Author of that tame having de- feriB'd-the Corruptions of the Court of Henry UI. in an Alegoric Fiftory, call’d, The Ifles of the Hermaphrodites. Li is therefore plain enough, that this Piece of Petronius zs a Spectres of Roman Satyr, which gives us a Draught of Rome, or rather of the Court of Nero, of his pro- per Perfon, and loofe and abandon’d Life. But Fortune permitted not this admirable Piece to come down to us entire, we have {rom time to time made new difcoveries of parts of wt ; in fort, this valuable Trea- tile came to us only By piece-meal ; and . reThe Preface: we have bad from pure Antiquity banded down to us only fome particular Fragments, whith were prefero'd by the Studious, fe- lected out of fuch places as pleas’d them beft. In procefs of time, about Forty or Fifty Years fince, the Story of Trimal- chio’s Feat was made perfect by the Frag- ments found in Dalmatia ; at laft, at the taking of Belgrade, we got the reft, which made the whole Work compleat, as it now appears im the Englith Tongue. _ Is there any thing among all the Latin Authors uear fo fne as the Hiftory of the Ephefian Matron? or any thing compara- ble to the Letters of Circe and Polyenos? or any thing better turn’d, or more gallant, than the Converfation and Addrefs of that Lady, both in ber Difappointment and ‘Joy? And where can we find a Confi- dant more accomplifr'd than Chrifis ? She may be an Example to all her ‘Profefton even to our days.. Her firft Converfation mith Polyenos is wonderfully raephing, but the Simplicity and Naviety zs not tobe imitated. : Ak- The : Preface. ‘All the Learned agree, That this Ro- man Satyr és en cts kend the moft valuable ‘Remains of Antiquity. lt 2s a furpré- xing thing to find what an extent of Wit the Author bas difcover’d ; and bow he has given us fo many different Characters. When he 1s Declaiming, you Jee all the Aiy and Stile of a Declamator ; when he Philofophizes, he zs fententious, and gives us charming Moral Reflections ; when he plays the Poet, me can find no Verfes to compare with his. There never was aRaplody fo pleafantly put together, aswhatever be puts into the Mouths of bis Speakers : Te Debochee e’ry where maintains bis Character, and the Whores ‘are always of a Piece: The Preed-men. always [peak like Men without Education 5 and the Slaves ue’r lift their ‘Thoughts or Expreffions above the bumble level of their conditeon: “The Lovers [peak with equal Gallantry and Tendernefs. In fhort, be fuftains the Charaéters of all forts of People mith fo unverfal a Genius, as Pe- tronius Arbiter ; and fills bis Satyr with a-vaft variety of agreeable Images jud:- cionfly difpas’d. AfterThe Preface. After what we have faid, it is uo won- der. to find fo many Authors {peaking of bim with fuch Applaufe: We fnd Tacitus a true Fudge of Merit, giving Petronius 2 great deal. Pliny, Terentianus Mau- rus, Plutarch, St. Jerome, Macrobius, Sidonius, Apollinaris, Ifdore of Seville, . Petrus Crinitus, Turnebius, Scaliger, Juftus Lipfius, Cafaubon, and many other Authors of the foremoft Rank, have celebrated the Praifes of Petronius Ar- biter. . Above thirty Grammarians of a Na- tions have made Comments upon this Sa- tyr, tho zt muft be freely owu'd, that the greateft part of them have by uo means bcen able to penetrate into the difficult pla- ces of bim, which they have endeavourd to explain 5 nay, they have render'd Jeveral of thems more obfcure than they found "em wm thew Author: They ofien run their Conjectures fo far, that like an Ignis fa- tuus, they but lead you quite out of your way. There.The Preface. There are another fort_of Learned Men, who have taken a Fancy to prove, that the Petronius wicntion’d by “Tacitus, was not the Petronius who wrote the Satyr under our confideration ; and, that ct was not wrote onthe Court of Nero: But cers taily thefe Men of Letters have fufpend- ed their Penetration while they have been reading this Author, whew they cowd doubt of athing fo evident as this ; for we cvery where through the whole Satyr difcover, and plainly fee the agrecmen: with the Man- ners of Nero, the Cuffoms of thofe ‘times. We bere fad Seneca, Lucan,” Silia, ad the Emperour’s Freed-men. This you will more plainly fee by the Key to the Names of the Perfons of this Sa- tyr. But Tacitus bimfelf points out this Satyr, when he mentions the Book fent Nero éy Petronius jufé before bis Death ; for be fays, our Author deferi¥’d under the borrow'd Names Debochees , abandon'd Women, and the Vices of that Prince ; as ts hinted m the Life of Petroni- us. Ay for bis calling dum C. Pe- tronius, 2 was a Miftake of the firft or laterThe. Preface. later Tranfccbers, in putting a C, fora T; which is plain from a Pape of *lenawen to this purpofe As whenever you reproach Debochees with their Infamy, as Titus Petromus did Nero. And by this other of Pliny Titus Petronus a Man of Confular Dignity, on the point of Death, by reafon of the Ha- tred which Nero bore him. But we uo where find any mention of two Petronius’s in the time of that Emperor, and much lefs can we make two of the Name, who loft their Laves by the Hate of Nero. Ts therefore evident, that the Petro- nius mention’d by Tacitus was Titus, fince itis confirm’d by Plutarch and Pli- ny But Petronius, and the Poets we have nam’d, are uot the only People who bave made ufe of fuch a liberty of Stile 5 but we may juflifie their Practice by the Ex- ample of many grave Authors, as the Mode of the Age. Let us caft an Bye to Suetonius, Dion Caffius, Lampridi- us, Orofius, Xiphilin, who all take a pleafure to paint in lively Colours the Vi- cesThe Preface. ces of Nero, Domitian, Heliogabalus, all whofe Pictures they have left us. . AFL fhould pufh this Defence farther in this particular, it is no difficult matter to prove, that the very Fathers of the Church fometimes fpeak the fame Lan- guage, and imploy fuch Figures, Images, and Expreffions, as feem mnft proper to infpive a Horrour of Vice. - m E Veneno Salus. The LifeSete i wet 8 eas Le eee T HE LIFE. Petronius Arbiter. - Written by Motificur St. Eoremozt ; Made Enqlif} by Mr. Tho. Browz. F i “tus Petronus was a Roman Knight, defcendedgfrom that . .Branch of the Family of the Petronius’s, which deriv’d their Origi- nal from the Sabmes, and wlio gave fo many great Men to the Service of the Roman Republick. We cannat doubt but he was brought up with the fame prudent Care that they then employ’d at Rome, in the Education of Children of Quality, and that his Genius was continually exercis’d and cultivated in the attdinment of polite Learning, even from his very Youth, for in thofe things 2 theti The Life of . the Romgys were as.ftrict.and fevere.as the Greeks: ~Petronius himfelf was alfo naturally and more particularly inclin’d to the Study of good Literature ; and it’s apparent that he excell’d in it, by the Jageriuity and Politenefs he has difco- ver'd in his Writings. When he had compleated himfelf ia the firft Rudiiments in Learning, he niade his appearance at the Imperial Court of Claudius; but his great Afii- duity there was no Impediment to the chief defign of perfecting himfelf in the Liberal Sciences, and. therefore employ’d his leifure Hours in making Detlamations, which was the cuftom of thofe times, in order to exercifé and enable their young Men of the ficft Quality to {peak in Publick, for which purpote they had Schools to De- claim in, and by this fuccefsful method furnifh’d themfelves with fo many fa- mous Oratours, both. in their Sexate and Arnues, to the great advantage of their Republick. - “The Court of Claudius was then the very Seat or Manfion .of Pleafures 3 orPetronius Arbiter. iii for the Emprefs"Meffalina employ'd all her Cares aiid Thoughts to make it fo, in accommodating it with all .imagina- ble Delights’ and Recteations, which fhe nore eafily accomplith’d, by having a great Afcendant over the Perfon and Inclinations of the Emperor ; for-he being a: weak .Prince, ‘comply’d’ with every thing , provided. they accomo- dated him. with a plentiful Table, for he was an extream lover of goad Eat- ing, and of drinking‘Wine even to ex- cefs; and his Courtiers following the Example of their Prince, Debauchery was no lefS familiar with them alfo. Petronius becoming, a Courtier under a Reign where the manner of living was agreeable to his Temper, he alfo became infenfibly Voluptuous ; tho’ at the fame time it was obferv’d, that he took no delight in the brutal Pleafures of Love, like Meffalina, nor in thofe of the Tablé and Drunkennefs with Clau- dius ; only in a gallant and delicate manner took a relifh of both, rather to gratifie his Curiofity than his Senfes. Ju this. manner he-employ’d a part of as the |iv... The Life of: the Day in Sleeping, and dedicated the whole Night to_Pleafure and -Bufinefs. -His ,Houfe was the Rendeézvous: of the -better fort of the People of Rome : He pafs'd away his. time agreeably with thofe that vifited him, and with others was celebrated for Intrigues. ‘Petronius alfo procur’d. himfelf a. Reputation by an agreeable Employment, and in a method of acting eafily, readily. and freely, and his natural way of difcour- fing. One- might then reprefent him | ‘in-a.continual exercife of Wit in Con- ‘verfation, in the moft charming Plea- fures of the Table, publick Sights, Ga- ‘ming, and in {pending his Eftate, not ‘like2 . Prodigal and Debauchee, but like-a’ nice and learned Artift in the ‘Science of Voluptuoufnefs. - |:When Petronius had thus pafs’d a- way.his Youth, in a Life of fo much ‘SoftnefS and ‘Tranquility, he took a -Refolution, to convince thofe ‘that -doubted of the extent of. his Mind ‘und Qualitications, that he was capa- ble of the firft. and chiefeft Employ- iments in the Government; for putting ani Petronius Arbiter. v . an Interval to his Pleafures, he accept- ed the Office of Pro-Conful of Buthynze 3. : went into that Province, where he dif- charg’d all the Duties of his Place with great Applaufe 5 but having put. a period to that exercife of his Parts, and returning to Rome,- Nero, who: fac. ceeded Claudius in the. -Empire, in .re- compenfe of his’ Services, made him Conful. “This new Dignity gave him a great and ready Accefs to the Em- peror, who at firft honour’d him with his Efteem, and aftetwards with his Friendthip, i in acknowledgment of the fumptuous Entertainments he fome- times gave that Prince, to refrefh him when fatigued with Bufinef. The time of Petronius’s Confulate being come to a Conclufion, after ha- ving laboured in queft of Glory, with- out quitting the Court, he reaffum’d his firft manner of living, and whether _ it proceeded from his own Inclination, or a defire to pleafe Nero, he foon he- came one of the Empevor’s Confidents, who could find nothing agreeable to his Humour, but what was apprav'd a3 byvi © The Life of — by Petronus ; and being thus poflefs'd of the Authority of deciding what might be acceptable, gave him the Sir-name of Arbzter, as being Mafter and Com- ptroler in thofe Affairs. . Nero, in the firft part of his Reign, acted like a very wife Prince, and ap- ply’d himfelf with care to the Govern- ment of the State: However Petronius remembred, that he was naturally in- clin’d to Luft and Senfuality, and there- fore like an able Politician, being in poffeffion of his Prince’s. Mind, he fea- fon’d it with honeft Delights, and pro- curd him all the Charms imaginable, in order to remove the thoughts of feeking after others, which peradven- ture would have been more diforderly, and to be dreaded by the Republick.” Things continued inthis pofture while ’ the Emperor kep: within the bounds of Moderation, ‘and Petronius acted chearfully under him, as Jutendant of his Plealures, ordering him Shows, Games, Comedies, Mulick, Feats, plea- fant Seats in the Country, with deli- cious Gardens, charming Lukes, and all1 ' -Petronius Arbiter. vii all that might contribite toward the making: of a Prince’s’ Life happy and - delightful. . But the Emperor fome time after. complying with his Nature, chang’d his Condu&, not only in refpect of Governing the Empire, but alfo in re- lation to. his own Perfon. He gave ear to the Counfels of others, rather than thofe of Petronius , infenfibly plung’d into Debauchery, abandon’d himlelf to his Paffions, and became as morofe and wicked a Prince, as before he had been pleafant and equitable. Nero was a learned Prince, of which he had given fufficient Proofs from his Youth ; for at Fifteen Years of Age he pleaded in the Senate, in his own Tongue, on behalf of the Boulowaois, and in Greek for the Rhodians 3 bat his Knowledge was confus’ dand much embara{s’d. He alfo loved Men of Wit, and had Courtiers near him, who following the corruption of the Court, treated Seneca like a Pedant, and could not fuffer that he fhould Preach to them the Exercife as ofviii ‘The Life of © of Virtue and Modefty, becaufe they had imbib’d an Opinion, that he him- felf did not live like a Phrlofopber in that particular. ‘ an Thus continuing frequently to ridi- cule him, it at length infinuated into the Emperor’s Mind, and expos'’d him to his Contempt, which being joyn’d with his own Knowledge of the un- juft ways by which he had acquir’d the immenfe Riches he was pofiefs’d of, his Contempt grew into Hatred, and his Hate at laft caus’d the Ruin of Seneca. And now ‘indeed Petronius faw with forrow, . that the Emperor began to hide himfelf from him, and fome- times to fhun him, and that, follow- ing his own corrupt Inclinations, he was grown utterly debauch’d, and for- got what he owéd to his Imperial Dig- nity, that he would frequently run wild up and down the Streets, and into wicked Places, outraging all he met, and would alfe offer Violencies to Re- man Ladies of the beft Quality. * The Favour to which Petronus was raisd had alfo drawh upon ‘him the Jea-Petronius Arbiter. ix Jealoufie of thofe: who pretended, as well ashe, to the Grace and Favour of © the Prince, and, among others, that of Tigelinu, Captain of the Guards, who was a dangerous Rival. This Man,of obfcure Birth and corrupt Manners, had in a fhort time acquir’d a great power over the Emperor’s Genius, and as he perfettly knew his blind fide, began ferioufly to contrive the Ruin of his Competitor, and by fuch means, as “twas thought would alfo have deftroy’d the Empire. The choice and delicious Pleafures invented by Petronius grated the groi$ Debauches’ of ‘Tigiinus, and he fore- feeing that the Credit Petrouus had with the Emperor would always be an Obftacle to his Defigris, he there- fore endeavour’d to poflets himfelf of the Heart of the Prince; and finding himfelf prevail by degrees, he foon en- gag’d him in the fouleft Brutalities. "It’s true, ’twas no difficult thing to fucceed in this attempt, for finding a Nature wholly difposid, he quickly, and with little trouble, feduced him to cm.x The Life of embrace fuch Pleafures, as were nei- ther approv’d nor advis’d by Petro- nits, which were entirely dropt, in order to remove his Rival; for Nero had already committed Parricide, by murdering his Mother, and no fooner hearken’d to the Perfuafions of Tigili- wus, but he fignalizd his Power, by ing Sy¥a and Rubellius Plautus to death, who were both Perfons dreaded by them for their celebrated Virtues, and being highly efteemed and in fa- vour with the People. Afterwards, Fury and Brutality rendred themfelves Miftrefles of his Heart to fuch an ex- cefs, that all manner of Crimes were perpetrated by him. When the Emperor had confirm’d humfelfin thefe Diforders, our ancient Favourite, by the Artifices of the new one, found. himfelf almoft without Em- ployment near the Prince, and Nero himfelf could not endure fo nice a Wit- nefS of his Infamies, nor give him fo free an entrance into his Pleafures as he formerly enjoy’d. TiePetronius Arbiter. xi Tighinus ferving himfelf of thefe Difpofitions, omitted nothing that might fatishe the Defires of his Prince, by the magnificent Feafts. he provided ; and as his Rival (according to Tacitus) much furpaffed hin in the Science of Pleafures, one might conclude, with- out fear of being deceiv’d, that thofe which Petronius order’>d were of ano- ther nature, and had nothing of thofe diforders in them that were feen in one of the Feafts which that Hiftorian re- lates as an’ Example of all the reft, which. he defcribes in this manner: They provided a ftately Feaft on the Lake of Agvreppa, in a Veflel cover'd with Plates ot Gold and Ivory ; the Rowers were plac’d in their Ranks, which they took according to their Age and Experience in Debauchery. ‘They had fent to the very ends of the Earth for the rareft Eatables. The Lake was edg’d with Porches, in which were great numbers of Chambers, fill'd on one fide with Women of Quality, who proftituted themfelves to the firft ¢omers,and the other with naked Cour- tizansxii The Life of | tizans in athoufand lafcivious poftures; at Night appeared in all parts furpri- zing Illuminations, the Woods and Pa- faces round about ecchoed with Con- forts of Mufical Inftruments and Songs adapted to the Feaft. To conclude this grand Debauch in a famous Aétion, Nero was married a little after, ta one of the moft corrupted Wretches of this Troop, named Pyzhagora, and that pub- lickly, with all the accuftom’d Cere- monies. They put upon the Empe- ror’s Head: the Efpouted’s Veil, fent himtwo Aufpices, afign’d him the Mar- riage Portion, adorn’d the Nuptial Bed, lighted Flambeaux, and toconclude the Marriage, permitted that to be feento the open view of all the Company, which the Shades of Night hide from the Eyes in the moft lawful Pleafures. Petronus being extreamly difgufted at the Horrors he faw, infenfibly with- drew himfelf from Court, and being of a mild and unenterprizing Nature, fufier’'d things to run in the train they had form’d, without attempting to re-eftablifh them in the Condition , . hePetronius Arbiter, xii he had left them. I amof Opinion it.was about.this time that he took his Pen in Hand to compofe this Sz- tyr, which fo exactly reprefents the Nature and Charaéter of Nero, and un- der the Names of Debauchees and Lewd Women, decry’d all the Vices of this Prince and his Courtiers. While Petrowus livd in a retired Tranquility, Iglu labour’d with all his power to deftroy him, and take away his Rival from ail potfibility of re-entring into favour ; and knowing that the Prince’s Nature was inclining to Cruelty, he: infinuated, that Petro- mus was-too familiar with Scevinus, not to be dipt in Pzfon’s Confpiracy ; and for that end having fuborn’d one of Petroniu’s Slaves to fwear againft his Mafter, to deprive him of all means of juftifying himfelf, they put the grear- eft part of his Domefticks in Prifon. Nero was well enough pleas’d to find an opportunity of lofng a Man who was become a dead Weight upon his Affairs ; for the Vicious cannot endure the prefence of fuch Perfons, whofe fightxiv The Life -of fight reprodches them with ‘their abo- munable Praétices ; therefore favoura- bly receiv’d the Accufation againft Pe. tromus, and order’d him to be appre- -hended at Cumes, when the Emperor made a Voyage thither, where he was one of the Company : But as it re- quir’d fome time to deliberate, whether they ought to put a Man of his con- fideration to Death, without clearer Proofs of his being guilty of the Crimes ~ he ftood charg’d with he was fo ex- treamly difgufted, and alfo weary of living under the Domination of fuch — a deteftable Prince, that feeing himfelf _ fo long a time made the Sport of his Caprices, he refolv’'d to dye. How- ever,that he might not give himfelf a precipitate Death, he open’d his Veins, - and afterward clos’d them again, that he might have time to enjoy the Conver- fation of his Friends, who.came to fee him in his laft Moments, whom he. re- guefted to entertain him, not with Dif courfes of the Lamortality of the Sod,and the celebrated Axioms that the Pride of Philofophers had invented, to acquire Glory' Petronius Arbiter. xv Glory and a vain opinion of their Con- ‘fancy, but with the recital of fome curious Pieces of Poetry. ' And to convince the Speétators that he did not Dye, but only ceafe to Live, he continued his ordinary Funétions ; took a particular account of the Demea- nour of Domefticks ; recompenc’d fome of his Slaves, and chaftiz’d others ; fet himfelf as formerly at his Table, and alfo flept very quietly, infomuch, that herather feem’da Man in perfect Health than -one that was dying ; fo that his Death, tho’ Violent, appear’d to his Friends as if it had been Natural. Now, as Petroniusabhorr’d the People of Nero's and ‘Tieillinus’s Character, fo hé would never condefcend to the bafe- nefS of imitating thofe Animals, who dying in thefe wretched Times by the order of this Prince, made him their Heir, and ftuif’d their Teftaments with Llgies onthe Tyrant and his Favourite. But on the contrary, being poffefsd of a Goblet of precious Stones,. which coft him above 2000 Piftoles, and out of which he commonly drank, broke it to pieces,The Life of, &c. xvi pieces, that Nero might not have it after his death ; and after this, thought fit to prefent him this Satyr, writ againft him, and having feal’d 1t up, tore off the Seal again, for fear (after his Death) they nglit employ it as an Inftrument to deftroy thofe in whofe Hands it might be fourid. . This made Nero extreamly chagrine, to fee his infamous AGtions made known toPetronus ; and having level’d his Sv fpicion upon all thofe who he thought might difcover his Secrets, at laft xd it upon the Wife of a Senator, named Silia, with whom he had been too fami- liar ; but becaufe fhe was alfo a great Friend of Petronius’s, he imagin’d that, by a particular grief, fhe had hazarded 2 difcovery of what had been more her Intereft to conceal; upon which the was exil’d. / / It was in the Year of the Foundation of Rome 819, (under the Confulate of Caius Suetomus Paulinus, and of Lucius Pouteus ‘Telefinus) that City loft fo great a Perfor. THE iTHE : K E Y;, Admitting the Reader to the Kuowledve of the principal Perfons who are named zn this Satyr. By a Perfon of Quality. Ncolpiss, 2 Word which takes its Original *, from the Greek, and fignifies, Iinfimuate. So Petroniss named this Perfon ; becaufe he re- lated, from the beginning to the end, all the Ad- ventures of this Roman, who frequently in his Mo- rals infinuated the Horrour of Vice. Afeylros, in Greek, fignifies Indefatigable, a Name welladapted to this young Man, who was hand- fome, vigorous, and endow’d with the choiceft Talents of Nature. Gitonius, in the fame Language, fignifies Neigh- bour, a Ferm of Friendfhip, asifhe had faid, my Infeparable, for Giro did not abandon Encolpiss, till he was raifed by Afcylros. Thefe three Perfons ferve only to embellifh the Hiftory, their Conduét is the Portraicture of the diforderly Life of young People. They were Af fociates in all forts of Friponeries and Deboche- ries, and wore the Habits of Philofophers to cover their defigns. Agamemnon, a Profeflor of Eloquence, whofe Charaéter is that of a true Pedant, and under his Name, Petroaius, who had in view all the Orators . oO.Th KET. ofhistime, particularly defigns Sexeca, who was Nero’s Preceptor, and a Stoic Philofopher ; the fame which this Prince defcrib’d under the Name of Trimalchio, and whom he calls his AZafter, in the Feaft he made forhis Friends. The Author gives him the Name of a great King; peradven- ture in imitation of Yzrre, who has alfo defcrib’d a Declamator under the Name of Agamemnon, be-~ caufe Homer, the chief of the Greeks, harangues like anOrator. We fee alfo that A¢artial has pointed another under the Name of King Areal, and calls thefe publick Aaranguers, proud Kings and Triflers; for really, inancient Times, they often enough gave this Title to Rhetoricians by way of di- rifion, to mock them out of the vain pomp of their affected Eloquence and {welling windy Stile. So in fome places we find Seweca preaching Frugality and Poverty in the midft of Riches and a plentiful ‘Table ,. which was nothing lefs than appearing © what he was not, as Suillws made apparent, when © he accus’d him for taking Money.to plead the Cau- : fes of his own Parties, in oppofition to the Law Cincia. Tacitus alfo reproach’d him 3 That he bad always a great Animofiry againft the Friends of Clau- dius. That his Studies being to promote infignificant ° Trifles, and to cajole young Scholars in their Igno- vance , he envied all thofe that were endom’d with a » Mfafculine uncorrupted Eloquence, and imployd it in defence of their fellow Citizens. That he was made Treafurer of Germanicus, which Seneca had for- ° feited by il Management. That he introduced Adul- tery into the Princes Palace. That it was eafie to * judge which was moft culpable 5 he that receivd a - waluntary Recompence for bis boneft Induftryy or be that labour’d to fupport unjuft Caufes at the Bar in Courts of Fudicature , and corrupt Ladies of the firft Qualicy. That it oughe to be known, by what Rind of Wijdom or Precepts of Philsfophy, in only four Tours vide, ke poffe(ed the Favour and Graces of Nero,The KEN Nero, aad acquir’d three Millions of Riches. Thar he fearchd all Rome for fuch as bad no Children, to make them fall into the Snares he bad laid, to oblige them to make their Teftaments in his Favour. That by exorbitant Ulury, he exbaufted the Wealth of Italy and the Provinces, &c. Lhave, you fee, been very particular, and have related thefe Paflages almoft entire, becaufe the Author frequently infifts upon them in many places of this Satyr, where occafio- nally he falls upon Sexeca; which you will find at large in the Work it felf. Licurgus, a Roman Knight, Friend of Afcylros, whofe Houfe in the Country was pillag’d in a plea- fant Adventure. uartilla, Prieftefs of Priapzs. Pifcha, Waiting-woman to Qrartilla. This word in Greek fignifies rhe Soul, and was a Name of ten- dernefs given to a Courtizan. Pannychis, a little Girl, very pretty. The Name is Greek, and fignifies Night, proper enough for Whores, becaufe anciently the greateft Debochees were pradis’d in the Night, and fo it continues amongft the niceft fort of this Tribe to this day, and particularly at Rome. The Hiftory of thefe three Adventurers com- prehends the Truths that are unknown to us. Their bufinefS is to give Diverfion, to shew the Addrefs, Effronteries, aud the Debocherics of lewd Women. Trimalchion is compounded of two Greek words, and fignifies in Latin, ter mollis, to exprefs a Man confummated in all kinds of Debochery. Tis the Name of a Rich Freeman, who made a fum- pruous Banquet ; a vain Perfon, learn’d, but con- usd, having his Wit crofs-wife, and his Manners entirely corrupted. The Author purpofely made this Hero ridiculous, and extreamly loaded his Piure, that he might the more refemble Nerv Beurdelot afares us, that anciently this Emperor b2 wagThe KEY. was reprefented on Afedals in thefe words, C. Nero. Auguft. Imp. and on the reverie, Trimalchio, which according to the Commentator, fhews how much they are deceived, who pretended that Petronius deferib’d Seneca under that Name. Nerois alfo re- prefented under the Perfon ofa Franchife or Freed- man, and that for two reafons. 1. Becaufe he had a perfeé&t conformity with the Vices of that fort of People. 2. To reproach him with the too great Familiarity he held with them: Which caus’d Tacitws to fay, That Franchis'd perfons were never in fo much Credit as under the Reign of Nero. Fortunata, E{poufe to Trimalchio. This Woman was of ob{cure Birth, and alfo had beena Slave; fo that his marrying her was a reproach to himfelf. Seleucus, Phileros, Ganimede, Echion, Niceros, Plocrime, were a Troop of Freed-men, invited toa Feaft by Trimalchie, which was never known in Rome before that time. Norbanius, under this Name muft be underftood Tigillinzs, Captain of Nero’s Guards, and his Fa- vourite. Hermeros, a very impudent Freed-Man of Ti+ malchios. Ftabinnes, an inferior Magiftrate, who, accom- panied by his Wife, went to Trimalchio at the latter end of the Repaft, with attendance, and in the Majefty of Pretor, as one who defign’d to build a Maufoleum, of which he had laid the Plan accord- ing to his Genius: Which is a piquant piece of Raillery, defign’d by the Author to {coff at Wero’s intentions, toerectan Eternal Monument to his own Memory. Scintilla, Wife of Habinas, under which appella- tion you have a Charaéter of thofe fuperficial Wo- meu, that have no folidity in them. Eumolpius, befides his being a Poet, and ina for- lorn Equipage, was a great Debochce, and had fuf-iii iehmnteaanemnmememmnntemesans a) The KEY. fuffered many Difgraces under this Name; the Author reprefents the management of Nero in making Verfes, in which he was fo ftrongly con- ceited of his own Abilities, that he put to death all that fucceeded in that Art better than himfelf. ' Another End was, to give himfelf the liberty of : reprefenting Nero under different Charaéters, all ridiculous, and under different Names, the prin- : cipal whereof were Trimalchio, Eumolpus, and Po- lyenss. Corax, Servant to Eumolpus. Lycas, Captain of the Ship, a very debauch’d Perfon, who provok’d the Anger of the Gods. Doris, Wife of Lycas, and Miftrifs of Encolpius: Tryphana, a perfectly fine Courtizan, belov’d ot Lycas, and to whom there happen’d pleafant Ad- ventures with Excolpius and Giron. Efivs, a Paflenger in the Ship commanded by Lyeas, who caus’d'all the troubles that befel them. Polyenos, aName taken by Encolpin, difguifed like a Slave in Grotonia, under which Name Pe- tronivs defcribes an Adventure that happen’d to Nero witha Romaz Lady. The Character of Polye- nosis extreamly fine, and might have done Nero honour, if the Author had not firft reprefented him under the vile Perfonofa Slave, which part this Emperour often acted, in running about the Streets in the Night, and frequenting infamous Places, which fhewed his Impuiffance, and, doubt- iefs, was a great mortification to him, to find his Weakneffes in this kind fo openly difcovered. Further, we have reafon to believe that Petronius alfo fhew’d how eafily he could embellifh his Work, and do himfelf Honour by his excellent Wit, which fhines in all thefe incomparable Defcripti- ons, Circe, a Lady of Crorona, amorous of Polyenus, by whom it may be reafonably conjeétur’d, that the Author would be underftood of Silia, a Romaz b3 LadyThe KE Y, Lady; who was married. to a Senator, and banifh’d, as you heard already in the Life of Petronius, un- der fufpicion of revealing MNero’s Secrets, out of grief fr what happen’d to the Author ; for if this Prince, drown’d in Debauchery, and who, without fhame, made himfelf a Spe€tacle of con- tempt in the midft of Rome, could be concern’d to fee his Pleafures turn’d to Ridicule in this Satyr, there is great appearance, that the Picture of his Weaknefs in this Inftance touch’d him moft fenfi- - bly; and by confequence, that the Adventure had rather relation to Si/ia than any other. Chryfis, Waiting-woman to Circe, and her Confi- dant. This Name is Greek, and fignivies Dorea or Fine; an Epithet given to Venus, and was volunta- rily taken of the ancient Courtizans. : Profélenos, a Sorcerer, that Chryfisled to Polye- PEAS. . Enothea, a Prieftefs of Priapus. . Philumcna, another Lady of Grotoniz, who fome- times ferv’d her felf of her Beauty to get Vifiters, and upon the Reputation of Ezmolpius’s being rich, prefented him with her Son and Danghter, who were both very young and very handiome, that they might profit by his good Inftru€tions. Under this Name Eumolpus, Petronius defcribes Nero's Noevitate Stupri, as Tacitus fays, New invented ways of Whoring and Filthinefs. The Places where thefe Adventures pafs’d, are Naples and Crotenia, under whofe Names the Au- thor chofe to draw the natural Portrai@ure of OPCsTHE CONTENTS. The principal Matters contain’d in the Firft Part of Petronzus. F the Corruption of Eloquence Page 2 Of the Education of the Roman Youths, The Adventure of Encolpius, who és carry 3 4 Bawdy-houfe, by an old Woman, inftead of her own . Dp. Afeyltos relates his Adventures to Encolpius.ib. The Story of Lycurgus,not known till now p. 11 The beginning of the Story of "Tryphena and Lycas p. 12 The Story of Doris azd Eucolpius, taken from the zew Fragments p. 13 Encolpus robs the Statue of His p15 A Satyr upon the Avaricioufnefs of Lycas, p. 19 The beginning of the Story of the Cloaths, p.22 A Satyrical Poem upon partial Sfadges p. 24 Ceremonies obferv’din Priapus’s Temple, p. 28 The Story of Quartilla p- 29 The Nuptials of Gito and Pannychis p- 37 Trimalchio’s Feat p. 40 PoeticalThe Contents. Poetical Reflections of Trimalchio upon the mi. wh of Man, and the foortnefs of this Life, p. 48 hat Ceremonies were to be obferv’d at the enter- ing into Trimalchio’s Dizing-room _ p. 44 The ridiculous entrance of Trimalchio izto his Hall or Dining-room . Pp: 45 The Service of the Twelve Caleftial Signs p. 49 An Explanation of the Service of the Twelve Ca- | deftial Signs : ibid, Great [carcity of Provifions by the neglect of the Acdiles, or Magiftrates p- 60 The invention of malleable Glafs p- 79° A Madrigal of Trimalchio «por unforefeen Mis- fortunes, and upon what is beft to be done when they befal us p. 7 Publius’s Satyr upon the Luxury of Rome, fpo- ken by Trimalchio ibid. The Entry of Habinus at Trimalchio’s p. 91 ‘Trimalchio’s Laft Will and Teftament P99 Trimalchio’s defeription of his own Manfoleum, - £00 ‘Trimalchio’s Epztaph ». TOL A certain Game the Romans us’d to play at in their Baths Pp. 103 Trimalchio abafes Fortunata p- 105 The Story of Trimalchio’s Fortune p-107 ‘The principal Matters contain’d in the Second Part of Petroncus. ITO chufes Afcyltos for bis Friend, p. 118 The Rencounter of the Poet Eumolpus, with an accent of his Adventures. pp. 122 afThe Contents. ‘A Poetical Complaint concerning the Mifery of ' Men of Learning ibid. The Story of 4 young Lady at Pergamus’s, and Eumolpus Pp. 125 I The Caufes of the lofs of Arts and Sciences,p. 129 A Poem on the taking of Troy p- 131 Encolpius takes occafion to hang himfelf, but is prevented by Eumoalpus avd Gito — p. 144 Eumolpus Quarrels and Fights with the Hoff, Groam and Servants belonging to his Innyp.143 Afcyltos being in fearch after Gito, Encolpius hides him under his Bed Ps 145 Encolpius, Gito azd Eumolpus go ov board Ly- cas’s Veffel Pp. 150 Encolpius azd Gito fizd themfelves to be in Lycas’s Veffel P- £51 Divers Expedzents offer’d to get out of Lycas’s Veffel without being difcover’d Pe 152 A Capital Superftitious Crime tofbave ones felf on board aVelfel in fair Weather p. 156 A Poem upon the Vanity of Dreams Pp. 157 How Encolpius and Gito are difcover’d by Ly- cas and Tryphena p- 160 Lycas and Tryphena refolve to punifh Encol- pius azd Gito » 162 Eumolpus’s Speech in their Fuftification, ibid. Lycas’s Anfiver tv Rumolpus’s Harangue,p. 163 Eumolpus’s Reply p-164 They fight on board Lycas’s Veffel p. 165 Articles of Peace propofed by Tryphena, p. 166 ‘The Treaty of Peace : p- 167 Diverfions on board a Ship in a Calm p. 168 A Satyrical Poem of Eumolpus «pom thofe that were [haved p- 16 9,The Contents. ‘A Declamation againft the ixconftancy of Women, p- 170 The Story of the Ephefian Matroz =p. 171 New Love-raptures of Lycas ain “iryphena to Encolpius azd Gito p. 176 Lycas is Shipwreck'd p- 179 Eumolpus’s Poetical Rapture when they were upoz the point of being Shipwreck’d p. 180 Reflections upon the inconftancy of Life p. 181 re Funerabof Lycas fe flip y 183 Eumolpus, Encolpius ad Gito travel towards Crotona ibid. The Manners and Cuftoms of Crotona ibid, Eumolpus’s defigz to cheat the Inhabitants of Crotona p- 285 Eumolpus, Encolpius, azd Gito’s contrivance to put upon thofe cf Crotona ibid. A Poem wpon the Civil War betwixt Cxfar and Pompey p.r The Caufes of the Revolution of the Republick, . 1 Pluto’s Speech to Fortune p. 194 Portune’s Azfwer to Pluto Pp. 195 ' What Prodigtes preceeded the Roman War,p.196 A Defeription of the Alps p- 197 Cefar’s Speech to his Army ibid. Fame foretels the Romans the coming of Cefar, . Pp. 200 the great Aétions of Pompey, and his Triumphs, 202 The Deities of Peace leave Rome, and the Furies take their places ibid. Eumolpus’s Rules for aa Epic Poews ibid. A defeription of Rage ibid, The5 The Contents. | The Gods are divided about Cefar and Pompey, . 20 A defeription of Difcard Be 203 P: 20 Difcord makes an Hlarangue to raife a Civil Wor . ibid. Eumolpus, Encolpius, azd Gito begin to play their Tricks p- 205 Encolpius, who had taken upon him the Name of Polyenus, és accofted by his Miftrefs’s Maid ; what Compliment fhe makes him p- 206 Hew mean fpiriged some Ladies of Quality are, ° p- 20 The firft interview betwixt Circe and Polyenus, p. 208 A defiviption of 2aRoman Beauty ibid. Sympathy betwixt Circe and Polyenus p. 209 Polyenus’s Inzpotency p- 21r Circe’s Letter to Polyenus p. 214 A well-contriv’d Speech of a Maid in behalf of ber Miftrefs ibid. Polyenus’s Anfwer to Circe p. 25 What care Polyenus takes to recover his Strength, - 216 Profelenos the Sorcerefs endeavours - to reftore Polyenus’s Strength by Enchantment. ibid. A defcription £ 4 pleafant place where Polyenus, meets with Circe p. 217 A fecond Interview between Circe and Polyenus, ibid. The Prelude of Enjoyment p. 218 Polyenus chaftisd for his Impotency, ibid. The fecond Tryal of Polyenus’s Impotency ibid. A pleafant Profopopeia p- 219 A Poem upon the Criticks of the Age p. 229The Contents. ‘A Prayer of Polyenus to Priapus, for the reco- voy ews Thalth, in Verfe fe . 222 Polyenus meets with very ill treatment from the Sorcere/s Profelenos, for not having fupported the Reputation of her Enchantment, p. 223 Profelenos’s Speech to Enothea Priefte/s of Pria- pus, 07 account of Polyenus’s weakuefs, p. 224. The power of the Prieftefs of Priapus Ibid. A Sacrifice prepared for the recovery of Polyenus’s Strength P. 225 A defeription of the Cave of the Prieftefs of Pria- pus, #2 Verfe p- 226 Certain Adventures that happend before the Sa- crifice Pp. 227 The Death of the holy Goofe, which was kill'd by Polyenus p. 228 The Lamentations and Threats of the Prieftefs of Priapus for the death of her Goofe p. 229 Polyenus wakes a Prelent of two pieces of Gold tothe Pricfte[s, which allays her Grief for the lLofs of her Goofe p- 230 A defiription of the Sacrifice made for the recovery of Polyenus’s Strength p. 231 The Feftzvat of the Goofe ; Pp. 232 Certain other Ceremonies of the Priefte/s of Pria- pus ibid. Polyenus’s Refleétions upon his Misfortunes,p.233 Chryfis, Civce’s Maid, falls in love with Poly- enus P. 235 Chryfis’s Love-rapture for Polyenus ibid. The Story of Philumene azd her Children, p.236 Moral Reprefentations made by Polyenus to Eu- molpus «pon the prefent ftate of their Affairs, Pp. 238 Hue- : The Contents. Eumolpus makes az odd Teflament to trepofe upon thofe of Crotona P. 289 Of certatn Perfons who have been neceffited to feed upon human Flefb P. 240 Eumolpus és difcover’d tobe a Cheat, and has his Neck broke by the Inhabitants of Crotona, P. 241 The Contents of the Third Part of Petrontus Arbiter. Na happy Life’s confifting in Virtue, a Frag- ment , beginning,Non elt Falleris, p. 245 On the Levity of Woman P- 247 An Epigram on a Female Married very young, p. 2 Ox the Power of Gould; beginning, Quifquis hha. bet nummos P. 249 That the Dog of Hell was a Lawyer, Cerberus fo- renfis erat p. 250 On a Wife, Uxor legitimus debet quafi Cen- fus amari. Pp. 25 Concerning our choice ix Marriage,Morbus vultu mulier queratur habenda Pp. 252 The Rope-dancer, Stupea fuppofitis tendunter vincula lignis p- 254 A Fragment, beginning Candide fidereis, p. 256 A Fragment of Petronius paraphrafed, beginning Naufragus ejecta nudus rate p. 258 Infiruttions to the Roman Youth , beginning, Ar- tis fevere fi quis amat effectus P. 259 Try-The Contents. Tryphena’s Speech to the contending Parties on board the Ship of Lycas .'260 On the Mifery of Mankind; bingy Heu ! ! heu! nos miferos 261 In defence of Satyr Quid me conftriGa fpeCeatis Fronte ibid. Ax Epigram on Tantalus ; beginning, Nec bibit inter aquas p. 262 Ox the plurality of Gods , beginning, Primus in orbe Deos fécit timor ibid. Ox the Vanity of Tafte, Nolo quod Cupio, Gc. p. 264 A Hymn to Priapus , beginning, Nympharum Bacchique Comes ibid. The Oracle; adapted to the prefent times p. 266 An Epigram of Flaminius, to hés Drinking Mi- refs p. 268 The Complaint of Priapus. p- 269 — Cupid’s Execution p- 270 | The Fable of Pafiphae p. 278 The End of Petroxivs. The Charms of Liberty: a Poem, written by the ; date Duke of D mene p- 281 rni THE SHatyrical ozks OF Petronwus Arbiter, A RoMAN Knight. In PROSE & VERSE: WITH : The Fragments recover’d at Belgrade, in the Year 1688. Made Engith by 1G. Wiiso0 N of the Middle Temple, azd feveral others. "Formerly promis’d you an Account of my Adventures, and am now refolw’d to be as good as my Word, being op- portunely met; not only to improve our Learning, but to make merry with pleafant Tales, and a free Converfa- tion. B Labriciss,2 The Satyrical WORKS of Fabricius Vejento has already, with a world of Wit, expos’d the Juggle of Religion, and withal difcover’d with what Impudence and Ignorance Priefs pretend to be infpir’d: But are not our wrangling Pleaders poflefs’d with the fame Frenzy, who harangue their Au- dience ? Thefe Wounds I receiv’d in defence of your Liberty; this Eye was loft in your Service; give me a Hand to lead me to my Children, for my wounded Hams are too feeble to fupport me. Yer even this might pafs for tolerable, did it put young beginners in the leaft way to well-fpeaking : Whereas now, what with the irregular fwelling of Matter, and the empty rattling of Words, they only gain this, Thar when they come to appear in publick, they think themfelves in another World. And therefore I look upon the young fry of Col- legiates as likely to make the moft promifing Blockheads, becaufe they neither hear nor fee any thing that is in ufeamongft Men: Buta company of Pirates with Chains on the fhoar; Tyrants iffuing Proclamations to make Chil- dren kill their Fathers ; the Anfwers of Ora- cles in a Plague-time, that three or more Virgins be facrific’d to appeafe the angry Gods ; dainty fine Words without any Sub- ftance, like a Difh prettily garnifh’d without any Meat in it, and every thing fo done, as if ’twere all Spice and Garnifh. Such as are thus bred can no more judge aright, than thofe that live in a Kitchin not ftink of the Greafe: Give me, with your fa- vour,_. ~- PETRONIUS ARBITER. your, leave to fay, "twas you firft Joft the ood Grace of Speaking; for with light idle gingles of Words, to make fport, you have brought Oratory to this, That the tubftance thereof is become invalid and effeminate. Our Youth were not confin’d to this way of .declaiming when Sophocles and Euripides influenc’d the Age: Nor yet had any Gar- ret-Profeffor debauch’d their Studies, when Pindar and the nine Lyrick Poets durit nor attempt the inimitable Numbers of Homer - And that I may not derive my Authority trom Poets only, "tis certain neither Plato nor Demofthenes ever put in praétice thefe affected Declamations.. . Their chalte Ora- tions were neither turgid, painted, or adul- terate, but had all the Ornaments and Charms of a Natural Beatity. _ This windy and irregular way of babling came lately out of df into Athens; and ha- ving, like fome ill Planet, blafted the aipi- ring Genius of their Youth, at once cor- rupted and put a period to all true Elo- quence. After this, Who came up to the height of Fhucydides ? Who reach’d the Fame of Hype- rides ? Nay, there was hardly a clean Verfe, but ail were of the fame ftrain, and died with their Author. Painting allo had the fame fate, after the boldnefS of the Egyptians ventur’d to bring fo great an «Art into Mi- niature, _ At this and the like rate I was upon a time declaiming, when one deamvemaon made EB. up4 The Satyrical WORKS of up to us, and looking fharply on a Perfor whom the Mob with fuch diligence gave attention to, he would not fuffer me to de- claim longer in the Portico, than he had fweated in the School; “ But, young Man, “ faid he, becaufe your Difcourfe is beyond “ the common apprehenfion, and, which is “not often feen, that you are a lover of * Underltanding, I won’t deceive you: The “© Mafters of thefe Schools are not to blame, “ who think it neceflary to be mad with “ mad Men: For unlefs they teach what “ their Scholars approve, they might, as “ Cicero fays, keep School to themfelves : “ like flattering Parafites, who when they “ come to great Mens ‘Tables, ftudy no- “ thing more than what they think may be *¢ molt agreeable to the Company, (being “ fenfible they fhall never effect their De- figns, unlefS they firft charm the Ear) “ fo a Mafter of Eloquencé, Fifherman like, * unlefs he firft baits his Hook with what “ he knows the Fifh will bite at, may waic “ Jong enough on the Rock without hopes *€ of catching any thing. “ Where lies the Fault then? Parents “ ought to be fharply reprehended, who are “ unwilling their Children fhould obferve a “ dtviét Method in their Studies; butin this, “ asin all things elfe, they are fo fond of ** making a Noite in the World, and in fuch “ hafte to arrive at their Wifhes, that they “ hurry Youth into the Publick e’re they “ have well digelted what they have read, “ and————— re PeTronius ARBITER, 5 “and put Children, before they are paft “ their Sucking-bottle, into the Lifts of Elo~ “ quence; than which, by their own Con- “ feffion, nothing is harder to attain : “ Whereas if they would fuffer them to “ come up by degrees, that their Studies “ might be temper’d with grave Lectures; “ their Affections fafhion’d by the Diétates “ of Wifdom; that they might work them- “ felves into a Mattery of Words; and “fora long time hear, what they’re in- “clin’d to imitate, nothing that pleas’d “ Children wowd be admird by them. “ But now Boys trifle in the Schools, young “Men are laugh’d at in Publick, and, “ which is worfe than both, what ill Ha- “ bits are foolifhly affum’d in Youth, we “ refufe to acknowledge in Age. “And that I may nor be thought to “ have conde.nn’d Laciliws’s manner of Wri- “ting, I will alfo my felf give you my “ Thoughts in Verfe. By Liberal Arts would you acquire Renown, dnd rife to Power by Honours of the Gown? Stritt in your Life, of Converfation chafte, Far from the Court with jut precaution haste, The Haughty Great but very rare attend, Nor drink too deeply to oblige a Friend. Let no foft Vows your blooming Youth engage, Aad flye the lufcious Accents of the Stage, Wiether the Bard of fair Brileis Sings, Ho3 Rar6 The Satyrical WORKS of Of frern Pelides and the Fate of Kings, Or wounded Gods, the tmmortal Verfe infpire Atrides Wrongs, or barat Scamander’s Ire: Let Homer’s Miafe your early Studies guide, and largely driv of that enchanting Tide, Next let Philofozhy employ your Thought, ° 2s lear the Wife Athenian * taught, A fre Career, with rapid Courfes run, And equal hin: + oppos'd great Phillip’s Son. While I was wholly taken up with dgamem- non, 1 did not obferve how A/cylros had given me the jlip, and being ftill intent upon his Difcourfe, a great crowd of Scholars All’d the Portico, tohear, (as itappear’d afterwards? anextemporary Declamation, of I know not whom, thar was defcanting on what dga- mermnonz had faid ; while therefore they ridi- cul’d his Advice, and condemn’d the method of the whole, I tcok an opportunity of get- ting from them, and ran in quelt of d/cyizos : But the hurry I was in, with my ignorance where our Inn ftood, fo diftratted me, that what way focver Tsvrenr. [ return’d the fame, till tivd in the purfuit, and all in a fweat, aa old Herb-woman: I befeech you » fays I, do you know where- abouts Tdwell? Pleas’d with che humour of the queliion, Misy fhould I wot? anfwerd the; and riling up, went on before me: 1 thoughtPeTRONIUS ARBITER. 7 thought her no lefs than a Witch: But, ha- ving led me into a bye Lane, fhe threw off her Pyebal’d Patch’d Mantle, avd here, fays fhe, you cant want a Lodging, AsI was dénying I knew the Houfe, I ob- ferv’d a company of Beaux reading the Bills o’er the Boxes, on which was infcrib’d the Name of the refpeCtive Whore and her Price, and others of the fame Funétion naked, feut- tling it here and there, as if they would not, yet would be feen: When too late I found my felf ina Bawdy-houfe, curfing the Hag that had trapan’d me thither, I cover’d my Face, and was juft making off through the midft of them, when in the very Entry 4- feyltos met me, but as tired as my felf, and in a manner dead; you'd have fworn the fame old Woman decoy’d him there. T could not forbear laughing, we faluted each other, and Lask’d him what bufinefs he had in fo feandalousa place ? he wip’d his Face, And if you knew, reply’d he, what has happen a to me - As what, fays I. He faintly reply’d; When I had rov'd the whole City without finding our Inn, the Mafter of this Houfe came up to me, and obligingly proffer’ to be my Guide; fo through many a crofs Lane and blind turning, having brought me to this Houfe, he drew upon me, and prefed to 2 clofer Ingagement. In this Afflittion the Whore Vs the Cell alfa demanded a Reward for the ufe of her Apartment , and that loofe Fellow laid fuch violent Hands on me, that had I not been too ftrong for him, I-had got theworfl of it. . By While8 The Satyrical WORKS of. While whiltt he fecur’d us in the Vil- lige.8 The Satyrical WO R KS of” Thither he came, and at his firft entry treated. us in the fame manner as Lyca had done: After which wringing his Hands to- ether, he upbraided us with the Lye we fad made of Lycas, and taking Afeyltos from us, lock’d us up in our Chamber, where we lay, without fo much as permitting him to fpeak in our defence; but carrying him to his Houfe, he fet a Guard upon us, till he himfelf fhould return. On the Road Afeyltos did what he could to mollifie Lyczrges; but neither Entreaties mingled with Love, nor Tears, could do any good upon him: It came into our Comrade’s Head to fet us at Liberty by other Methods; and being all on fire at Lycurgus’s Reftinefs, refus’d to lodge with him that Night, and by that means the more eafily put in execution what he had been thinking on. The Family was in their dead Sleep when get the Mantle in their’own Cuftody, as importunely required, that both Mantle and Coaz fhould be left in their Hands, and the Caute fho be determin’d on the Morrow: For it was not the things alone that feem’d to be in difpute, but quite another matter to be en- qquir’d into, fom, a ftrong fufpicion of Rob- bery on both fides. oS At laft it was agreed to put both into fome indifferent hand, till the Right was de- termin’d; when prefently one, 1 know not who, witha bald Pate, anda fiery Face full of Pimples, a pettifogging kind of a Solicitor, fteps from among the Rabble, and laying hold on the Mantle, faid, He’d be Security it fhould be forth-coming the next day: when in truth his Intention was, that having gotten it into Huckfters hands, it might be imuggled amongit him and his Companions, as beheving we would never come to own it, for fear of being apprehended for ftealing it. Forour part we were as willing ashe; and an; PETRONIUS ARBITER. 27. an Accident befriended both ofus: For the Country-nian thinking {corn of it, thar we Vdemanded to’ have the patcht Coat givenus,- ‘threw it at -A/ejltos’s Head, difcharging us of. every thing but the Mantle, requiring that to ‘be fecur’d as ‘the only Caufe of the Difpute. ‘Having therefore’ recover’d, as we thought, ‘our Treafure, we madeall the hafte we could ‘to the Inn, and having fhut the Door upon -us, made our felves Merry, as well with the idgment ofthe Rabbleas of our Detraéors, :who with‘fo much circumfpeétion had re: Ttor’d us our Money. . |. While we were ripping the Coat and taking out the Gold, wé overheard fomebody asking ,mine Hoft, what kind of People thofe were “that juft now came in : And being ftartled atthe queftion, i went down to fee what was the matter, and underftood that a City Ser- jeant, who, according to the Duty of his OF ‘fice, took an account of all Strangers, had ‘feen a couple corie into the Inn, whofé ; Names he had not yet Regifter’d, and there- : fore enquired of what Country they were, ‘and what was their way of living: ‘ But mine Hoft gave me fuch a blind Ac- * count of it, that I began to fufpect we were . not fafe chere ; whereupon, for tear of being ' takenup, we thought fir to make off for the . prefeot, and not co return back again till it was late inthe Night, bet leave the care of , Our Supper to the management of Gito. , : We28 The Satyrical WORKS of” We ‘had refolv’d to keep out ofthe broad Streets, and accordingly took our Walk thro’ that quarter of the City where we were like. ly to meetieaft Company ; when ina natrow winding Lane, which had no Paflage thro’, we faw, alitzle diftance before us, two hand- fome well-dreit Ladies, and followed them at a diftance to aChappel, which they-entred, and trom whence we heard an odd humming kind ofa Noife, as it came from the hollow ofa Cave: Curiofity alfo made us goin after them, where we faw a number of Women, as mad as if they had been Sacrificing to Bac- chus, and each of them’an Amulet (the En- fign of Priapas) in her Hand. More than that, we could not get to fee; for they was no fooner fenfible of our being amongft them, but they fet up fuch a Shout, that the Roof of the Temple fhook again, and witha] en- deavoured to lay Hands onus; but we fcam- per'd away, and madeaii the haffe we could toour Inn. , , We had fearce eaten the Supper which Gitohad got readyfor us, when a more than ordinary knocking at the Door put us into | another Fright; we look’d as pale as Death, ~ and in fear demanded who was there? An- fwer was made, Open the Door and you'll fee: While we were talking, the Bolt dropt off and fell down of its own accord, and the Door miraculoufly few open, on which, 2 Woman with her Head veil’d came in upon us, the very fame who a little before was with the Country-man in the Market : And what,| ' PETRONIUS ARBITER. 29 ‘what, faid fhe, do you think to piit'a Trick upon me? Tam Quartilla’s Maid, whofe Sa- | ered Recefs you fo lately difturb’d:: She is at ithe Inn-gate, and defires to fpeak with you: | You need not be uneafie, fhe neither blames your Inadvertency, or has a mind to refent it, but rather wonders what God brought fuch civil Gentlemen into her Quarters. We were filent as yet, and gave her the hearing, but not the feaft inclin’d to grant any part of her Requefts, when in came Quartilla her felf, attended with a young Girl, and ficting down by me, fell a weep- ing: Nor here did we put in a word, but ftood expecting what would be the event of thefe Tears which fhe commanded at her dif- cretion. At laft, when the Showre was over, fhe .difdainfully turn’d up her Hood, and wringing her Hands together, What Impu- dence, faid fhe, is this ? or where learnt you thefe Shams, and that Slight of Hand you have fo lately been beliolden to? By my Faith, Iam forry for ye; for no one be- held what was unlawtul for him to look upon, but went off feverely punifht: and fincerely our part of the Town has fo many Deities in it, youll fooner meet with a God than 2 Man: Don’t believe I come here with anv Sentiments of Revenge, I am rather affect- ed with Compaffion tor your Youth chan an- gry at the Injuries you have done me, which, { believe, were not done witha Defign, but unawares you had the Misfortune to perpe- tratethem, and an inexpiable abomination. bees For30, _ The Satyrical WORKS of . For my part, it troubled meall Night, and threw me into fuch a fhaking, that. I was afraid I had gotten a Tertiaz Ague, on which i took a. Remedy to have made me Sleep ; but the God appeared to me,and commanded me to rife and.find you out, as the likelieft way to take off the violence of the Fit. Yer Tam not fo much in pain fora Cure, but that a greater Anguifh.ftrikes me to the, Heart, and will undoubtedly make anend of me, for fear, in one of your youthful Frolicks, you fhould declare what -you faw in Priapws’s Chappel, and difclofe the Myfteries of the Gods amongft the Vulgar: Low as your Knees, I therefore lift my Hands t’ye, that you neither makea Jeft of our Night-wor- fhip, nor difhonour the Rites of fo many Years, which not every one, even among our felves, is throughly acquainted with. After this the fella crying again; and with many a pitiful Lamentation, fell flat on my Bed; when I, at the fame time, between Pity and Fear, bid her take Courage and af fure her felf, that we would neither divulge thofe Holy Myfteries, nor, if the God had preferib’d her any other Remedy for-her A- gue, be wanting freely to affift in the Cure, even with the hazard of what was deareft to us. At this Promife of mine, becoming more chearful, fhe tella kiffing me thick and three- told, and changing her ‘learsinto Laughing, fhe comb’d up tome Hair that hung over my Fyes with her Fingers: And J, faid fhe, am FriendsPETRONIUsS ARBITER, 32 Friends with you, and remit the Injury F in- tended againft you ; but if you fhou’d refufe me the Medicine I entreat of you forthe A~ gue, 1 have thofe that will be ready by to Morrow, who fhall both vindicate my Re- putation, and revenge the Affront you have put upon me. Contempt?s uncivil, to Command is rude ; Love does xo Force upon the Fair intrude, The best Revenge is, to negleét an Ill, The Wife forgive, or Kilfing kindly Kill. Then clapping her Hands together, fell into fo violent a fit of Laughter, that fhe gave us reafon to apprehend fhe had fome defigns againft us; the Woman which came in frit, and the Girl that accompanied Quartiliz were in the fame humour. ‘Their Mirth feemed fo odd and unnatural, that we who taw neo reafon for fo fuddena change, ftood amaz’d, and fometimes lookt upon the Women, and fometimes upon one another. During thefe TranfaCtions, faith Quartiliz T have commanded, That no Flefh alive be permitted to come into this Inn today, thar Imay beat liberty to receive the Medicine for my Ague without interruption. Afeyltos was in alittle confifion, but I was fo furpriz’d, that 1 had not power to utter a word: But the Company put.me in heart a- gain, for they were but three Women, and if they had any Defign, mult yet be too weak: a32 The Satyrical WO RK,S of to effect it againft us, whoif we had nothing more of Man about us, had yet that Figure to befriend us: We wereall ready for the En- gagement,. and I had fo contriv’d-the Order of Battel,that if it muft come to a Rencounter I was to make.my part good with Quartilla, Afeyltos with her Woman, and Gito with the Girl. While T was thus contriving the matter, Quartilla addrefs’d her felf to me to cure her of her Ague, but finding her {elf difappoint- ed, fhe few away ina Paffion,- and returning in a little while; commanded fome Perfons in difguife forcibly to convey us into a more magnificent Palace. . Here all our Courage fail’d us, and nothing but certain Death feem’d to appear before our Eyes. . Bes When I began, If. Madam, you defign to be more fevere with us, be yet fo kind as to _difpatch us quickly ; tor the nature of our Offence is not {o heinous; that we ought to be rack’d to death for it : Upon which her Woman, whofe Name was Pfyche; fpread a Carpet on the Floor, and fel] examining the infide of my Breeches, but her Labour was loft, all was quite gone. -Afcyltos muffled his Head in his Coat, as having had a hint given him how dangerous it was to take no- tice of what did not concern him: In the mean time Pfyche took off her Garters, and with the one of them bound my Feet, and with the other my Hands, AsPETRONIUS ARBITER, 23 . As I lay thus fetter’'d, Madam, faid I, this is not the way to make me capable of cu= ting your Ladies Ague: Igrant it, anfwer’d Pfyche, but 1 have a Dofe at hand will infal- libly do it: and thereupon fhe brought me a lufty Bow! of Satyrioz, (a Love Potion) and fo merrily ran over the wonderful Effects of it, that fhe induc’d meto drink the great- eft part of it off: But becaufe there’s no one leads up a Country Dance ba beter Grace: And with that flou- ruling with his Hand, he began to a@ the part of a Searamouch, the Family all the while finging, Youth it felf, mof? exactly Youth # feif; and he had gotten into the middle of che Room, but that fortaxata whifper’d : him,. PETRONIUS ARBITER, 72 = him, and I believe told him, fuch Whimifies: | Gid not become his Gravity : Nor was there - any thing more unfteady than’ his Humour ; for one while he inclin’d to the Advice of Fortenata, and another while to his natural Jnclination: But what difturb’d the Pleafure we took to fee her Dance, was his Notary’s coming in; who, as they had been the Acts of a Coramon-Council, read aloud. : : The Seventh of the Kalends of Azgn/?, born in Trimalchio’s Mannour near Cumanum,thirty Boys and forty Girls: There were alfo brought from the Threfhing-floor into the Granary, five hundred thoufand Bufhels of Wheat. The fame day broke out a Fire ina Pleafure- Garden that was Pompey’s, which firft began in one of the Baylifts Houfes. ' How’s this, faid Trimalchio! when were thofe’ Gardens bought for me? The Year before; anfwered his Notary ; and therefore not yet brought to Account. : At this Trimalchio fell into a Paffion ; And whatever Lands, faid he, fhall be purchafed for me hereafter, if I hear nothing of it in tix Months, let them never, I order you, be charg’d or brought to any Account of mince. ‘Uhen alfo were read the Orders of the Clerks ofthe Market, and the Wills of his Foreiters, Rangers, and Park-keepers, by which they ditinhericed their Relations, and with ample praife of him, declared Trimzalchio their Heir. Next that,were recited the Names of his Bay- hiffS; and how one of them that made his Circuits in the Country, turm’d off his Wite toe for