‫ﺗﻤﺎرﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﺔ‪:‬اﻷﻋﺪاد اﻟﻌﻘﺪﯾﺔ" اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ"‬

‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ‪:‬‬ ‫أﻛﺎدﻳﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ :‬اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﺎك ﻋﻠﻮم ﻓﯿﺰﯾﺎﺋﯿﺔ وﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬ ‫اﻟﺠﮫﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺠﯿﺐ‬
‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫واﻷرض واﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺰراﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻗﯿﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺠﻮاب ‪(1 :‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪:1‬ﺣﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ £‬اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ‪(2 z 2 = 5 (1:‬‬

‫‪P(1- i) = (1- i) - 2(1- i) + 2 = -2i - 2 + 2i + 2 = 0‬‬ ‫‪z 2 = - 3 (3 z 2 = -4‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪ z1 = 1 - i :‬ﺟﺬر ﻟﻠﺤﺪودﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺪﯾﺔ ) ‪P ( z‬‬ ‫أﺟﻮﺑﺔ ‪ z 2 = 5 (1 :‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ z = 5 :‬و ‪z = - 5‬‬

‫‪1 - i + z2 = -‬‬
‫‪-2‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬
‫وﻧﻌﻠﻢ أن ‪ :‬اذن ‪ z1 + z2 = -‬أي‬
‫{‬
‫وﻣﻨﮫ ‪S = - 5; 5 :‬‬ ‫}‬
‫‪ z 2 = -4 (2‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ) ‪ z = 2i : z 2 = ( 2i‬و ‪z = -2i‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫أي ‪ z2 = 2 + i - 1 = 1 + i :‬وﻣﻨﮫ ‪S = {1 - i;1 + i} :‬‬
‫وﻣﻨﮫ ‪S = {-2i; 2i} :‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪ : 4‬ﺣﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ £‬اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺘﯿﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪ z = -3 (3‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ) ‪( 3i‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪z 2 - 6 z + 13 = 0 (2 ( z 2 + 9 )( z 2 - 4 ) = 0 (1‬‬ ‫= ‪ z = 3i : z 2‬و ‪z = - 3i‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﻮاب ‪ ( z2 + 9)( z2 - 4) = 0 (1 :‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ z2 - 4 = 0‬أو‬ ‫وﻣﻨﮫ ‪S = {- 3i; 3i} :‬‬

‫‪z2 + 9 = 0‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪ :2‬ﺣﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ £‬اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ z2 = 4‬أو ‪ z2 = -9‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ z = 4‬أو ‪ z = - 4‬أو ‪ z = 9i‬أو‬ ‫‪z 2 - z + 2 = 0 (1‬‬
‫‪z = - 9i‬‬ ‫‪z 2 - z - 2 = 0 (2‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ z = 2‬أو ‪ z = -2‬أو ‪ z = 3i‬أو ‪z = -3i‬‬ ‫‪z 2 - 2 z + 1 = 0 (3‬‬
‫وﻣﻨﮫ ‪S = {-3i;3i; -2; 2} :‬‬ ‫أﺟﻮﺑﺔ ‪(1:‬ﻣﻤﯿﺰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ھﻮ‪:‬‬
‫‪. D = b 2 - 4ac = ( -1) - 4 ( 2 ) = -7 = i 7‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪(2‬ﻣﻤﯿﺰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ھﻮ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫) ‪. D = b 2 - 4ac = ( -6‬‬ ‫) ‪- 4 (13 ) = 36 - 52 = ( 4i‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1+ i 7 1‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6 + 4i‬‬ ‫= ‪ z1‬و‬ ‫‪= +i‬‬ ‫ﺣﻼ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ھﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫= ‪ z1‬و‬ ‫ﺣﻼ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) ‪ ( E‬ھﻤﺎ‪= 3 + 2i :‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪. z2 = z1 = 3 - 2i‬‬ ‫‪. z2 = z1 = - i‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫إذن‪S = {3 - 2i;3 + 2i} :‬‬
‫‪ïì 1‬‬ ‫‪7 1‬‬ ‫‪7 ïü‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪£‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪ (1 :5‬ﺣﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻷﻋﺪاد اﻟﻌﻘﺪﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪S = í -i‬‬ ‫‪; +i‬‬ ‫إذن‪ý :‬‬
‫‪îï 2‬‬ ‫‪2 2‬‬ ‫‪2 ïþ‬‬
‫‪. z 2 - 8z +17 = 0‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻣﻤﯿﺰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ھﻮ ‪:‬‬
‫‪(2‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻷﻋﺪاد اﻟﻌﻘﺪﯾﺔ ‪ £‬اﻟﺤﺪودﯾﺔ‬
‫)‪D = b - 4ac = ( -1) - 4 ( -2 ) = 9 = ( 3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪. P ( z ) = z 3 + ( -8 + i ) z 2 + (17 - 8i ) z + 17 i‬‬

‫‪1+ 3‬‬ ‫‪1- 3‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬ﺑﯿﻦ أن اﻟﺤﺪودﯾﺔ ) ‪ P ( z‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ ﺗﺨﯿﻠﯿﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﺎ وﺣﯿﺪا ‪.‬‬ ‫= ‪. z2‬‬ ‫= ‪ z1‬و ‪= 2‬‬ ‫ﺣﻼ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ھﻤﺎ‪= -1 :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬ﺣﺪد اﻷﻋﺪاد اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﯿﺔ ‪ c ; b ; a‬ﺣﯿﺚ ‪:‬‬ ‫إذن‪S = {-1; 2} . :‬‬
‫) ‪. P ( z ) = ( z + i ) ( az 2 + bz + c‬‬ ‫‪(3‬ﻣﻤﯿﺰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ھﻮ‪D = b 2 - 4ac = ( -2 ) - 4 = 0 :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫ج‪ .‬ﺣﻞ ﻓﻲ ‪ £‬اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ‪. P ( z ) = 0‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬

‫‪ z = -‬إذن‪. :‬‬ ‫‪=-‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺣﻼ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯿﺎ ﻣﺰدوﺟﺎ ھﻮ‪= 1 :‬‬
‫أﺟﻮﺑﺔ ‪z 2 - 8z +17 = 0 (1 :‬‬ ‫‪2a‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﯿﺰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ھﻮ ‪:‬‬ ‫}‪S = {1‬‬
‫) ‪. D = b - 4ac = ( -8‬‬ ‫) ‪- 4 (17 ) = 64 - 68 = ( 2i‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪ :3‬ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ z‬ﻣﻦ ‪ , £‬ﻧﻀﻊ‪P ( z ) = z 2 - 2 z + 2 :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪8 + 2i‬‬
‫= ‪ z1‬و‬ ‫ﺣﻼ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) ‪ ( E‬ھﻤﺎ‪= 4 + i :‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬أﺣﺴﺐ ) ‪P (1 - i‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ .2‬اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺣﻠﻮل اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ‪P ( z ) = 0‬‬
‫‪. z2 = z1 = 4 - i‬‬
‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺠﯿﺐ‬ ‫‪http:// xyzmath.e-monsite.com‬‬ ‫ص‪1‬‬
 ‫‪( z -2) ( z2 + 2‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪3z + 4 = z3 + 2 3z2 + 4z - 2z2 -4 3z -8 (2‬‬ ‫إذن‪S = {4 - i; 4 + i} :‬‬
‫‪(2‬أ( ﻟﯿﻜﻦ ‪ z0 = bi :‬ﺣﻼ ﺗﺨﯿﻠﯿﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪= z3 + 2 3 -1 z2 + 4 1 - 3 z - 8‬‬‫)‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ اذن ‪z0 3 + ( -8 + i ) z 0 2 + (17 - 8i ) z0 + 17 i = 0 :‬‬
‫‪( z - 2) ( z2 + 2‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪ P ( z ) = 0 (3‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪3z + 4 = 0‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪( bi )3 + ( -8 + i )( bi )2 + (17 - 8i )( bi ) + 17i = 0 :‬‬
‫‪z -2=0‬‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ z 2 + 2 3z + 4 = 0‬أو‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪-ib 3 - ( -8 + i ) b 2 + 17bi + 8b + 17 i = 0 :‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ z 2 + 2 3z + 4 = 0‬أو ‪z = 2‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪-ib3 + 8b 2 - ib 2 + 17bi + 8b + 17 i = 0 :‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ‪z 2 + 2 3z + 4 = 0 :‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪8b 2 + 8b + i ( -b3 - b2 + 17 b + 17 ) = 0 :‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﯿﺰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ھﻮ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ìï8b( b +1) = 0‬‬
‫) (‬
‫) ‪. D = b2 - 4ac = 2 3 - 4( 4) = 12 -16 = ( 2i‬‬
‫‪ìï8b2 +8b = 0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪í 3 2‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪ í 3 2‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ïî-b - b + 17b +17 = 0‬‬ ‫‪ïî-b -b + 17b+17 = 0‬‬
‫ﺣﻼ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ‪z 2 + 2 3z + 4 = 0‬‬
‫‪ìïb = 0oub = -1‬‬
‫‪2 3 + 2i‬‬ ‫‪í 3 2‬‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫= ‪ z1‬و ‪. z2 = z1 = 3 - i‬‬ ‫ھﻤﺎ‪= 3 + i :‬‬ ‫‪ïî-b - b + 17b +17 = 0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ b = 0‬ﻻ ﯾﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﺪﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻷن ‪-03 - 02 + 170 + 17 ¹ 0 :‬‬
‫=‪S‬‬ ‫{‬ ‫‪3 - i; 3 + i; 2‬‬ ‫}‬ ‫إذن‪ :‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺣﻠﻮل اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) ‪ ( E‬ھﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ b = -1‬ﯾﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﺪﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻷن ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪ :7‬ﺣﺪد اﻟﺘﺮﻣﯿﺰ اﻷﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺪد اﻟﻌﻘﺪي ‪z = 2 + i 2‬‬ ‫‪- ( -1) - ( -1) + 17 ( -1) + 17 = 0‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪p‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﻮاب ‪:‬ﻟﯿﻜﻦ‪ , :‬ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‪ z = 2 :‬و ] ‪ arg z º [ 2p‬إذن‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﺗﺨﯿﻠﻲ ﺻﺮف‬ ‫وﻣﻨﮫ ‪ b = -1‬اذن ‪z0 = ( -1) i = -i :‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ z = 2e 4‬ھﻮ اﻟﺘﺮﻣﯿﺰ اﻷﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺪد اﻟﻌﻘﺪي ‪z‬‬ ‫‪( z + i ) ( az‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪(2‬ب( ‪+ bz + c = az + bz + cz + aiz + biz + ci‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪:8‬أﻋﻂ ﺷﻜﻼ أﺳﯿﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋﺪاد اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪P ( z ) = az 3 + ( b + ai ) z 2 + ( c + bi ) z + ci‬‬
‫‪z1 ´ z2 (3 z2 = 1 - i 3 (2 z1 = 2 + 2i (1‬‬
‫‪P ( z ) = z 3 + ( -8 + i ) z 2 +‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪(17 - 8i ) z + 17 i‬‬
‫‪z‬‬
‫‪( z2 ) (5 1 (4‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪ìa =1‬‬ ‫‪ìa =1‬‬
‫‪z2‬‬ ‫‪ïb =-8‬‬ ‫‪ïb + ai =-8+ i‬‬
‫‪ï‬‬ ‫‪ï‬‬
‫‪ z1 = 2 + 2i (1‬ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‪z1 = 22 + 22 = 8 = 2 2 :‬‬ ‫أﺟﻮﺑﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪í‬‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪í‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ أن ‪:‬‬
‫‪ïc -8i =17 -8i‬‬ ‫‪ïc + bi =17 -8i‬‬
‫‪æ 1‬‬ ‫‪1 ö‬‬ ‫‪æ‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪pö‬‬ ‫‪ïîc =17‬‬ ‫‪ïîci =17i‬‬
‫‪2 + 2i = 2 2 ç‬‬ ‫‪+i‬‬ ‫÷ ‪÷ = 2 2 ç cos 4 + i sin 4‬‬
‫‪è 2‬‬ ‫‪2ø‬‬ ‫‪è‬‬ ‫‪ø‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫وﻣﻨﮫ ‪ a = 1 :‬و ‪ b = -8‬و ‪ c = 17‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ل‬
‫وﻣﻨﮫ ‪z1 = 2 2e :‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫)‪P ( z‬‬

‫= ‪z2‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪+ - 3‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ z2 = 1 - i 3 (2‬ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‪= 4 = 2 :‬‬ ‫(‬
‫‪P ( z ) = ( z + i ) z 2 - 8 z + 17‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫ھﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪æ1‬‬ ‫‪3ö‬‬ ‫‪æ‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪pö‬‬ ‫‪(2‬ج( ‪ P ( z ) = 0‬ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪( z + i ) ( z 2 - 8z + 17 ) = 0‬‬
‫‪1 - i 3 = 2 çç - i‬‬ ‫÷ ‪÷÷ = 2 ç cos - i sin‬‬
‫‪è2‬‬ ‫‪2 ø‬‬ ‫‪è‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3ø‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ z 2 - 8z + 17 = 0‬أو ‪z + i = 0‬‬
‫وﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ‪ cos ( -x) = cos x :‬و ‪sin ( -x) = -sin x‬‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ‪ z1 = 4 + i‬أو ‪ z2 = 4 - i‬أو ‪z0 = -i‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪z 2 = 2e‬‬
‫‪-i‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫وﻣﻨﮫ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪æ æ pö‬‬ ‫‪æ p öö‬‬ ‫اذن ‪:‬‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪S = {4 - i; 4 + i; -i} :‬‬
‫÷ ÷ ‪z2 = 2 ç cos ç - ÷ + i sin ç -‬‬
‫‪è è 3ø‬‬ ‫‪è 3 øø‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪ :6‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ , £‬اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‪:‬‬
‫( ‪( E ) : z3 + 2‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪p p‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫‪z1 ´ z2 = 2 2e ´ 2e‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪-i‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪= 4 2e‬‬
‫‪i -i‬‬
‫‪4 3‬‬
‫‪= 4 2e‬‬
‫‪-i‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪3 -1 z 2 + 4 1 - 3 z - 8 = 0‬‬
‫‪(3‬‬

‫‪z1 2 2e 4‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪2 2 i 4 - çè - i 3 ÷ø‬‬
‫‪p p‬‬
‫‪i +i‬‬
‫‪p æ‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪pö‬‬
‫‪7p‬‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ أن اﻟﻌﺪد ‪ 2‬ﺣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) ‪( E‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﺑﯿﻦ أن ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ z‬ﻣﻦ ‪ , £‬ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪4 3‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪(4‬‬
‫‪z2‬‬ ‫‪-i‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2e 3‬‬
‫‪æ‬‬ ‫‪-i‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪ö‬‬ ‫‪- i12‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪z3 + 2 3 -1 z2 + 4 1- 3 z - 8 = ( z - 2) z2 + 2 3z + 4‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫) ‪( z2‬‬ ‫‪= ç 2e‬‬ ‫‪÷ = 2e‬‬ ‫‪= 2e‬‬ ‫‪-4 ip‬‬ ‫‪(5‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﻓﻲ ‪ £‬اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ‪P ( z ) = 0‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪è‬‬ ‫‪ø‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫‪cos 2q + 1‬‬ ‫أﺟﻮﺑﺔ ‪(1 :‬‬
‫= ‪ cos 2 q‬ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ q‬ﻣﻦ ¡‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪ :9‬ﺑﯿﻦ أن‪:‬‬
‫‪iq‬‬ ‫‪- iq‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫‪23 + 2 3 -1 22 + 4 1- 3 2 -8 = 8 +8 3 -1 8 +8 1- 3 -8‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫( )‬ ‫)‬
‫‪e +e‬‬
‫= ‪ cosq‬و‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮاب ‪ :‬ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﺣﺴﺐ ﺻﯿﻎ أوﻟﯿﺮ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪= 8 + 8 3 -8 + 8 -8 3 -8 = 0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫وﻣﻨﮫ ‪ :‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪ 2‬ﺣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) ‪( E‬‬
‫‪einq + e- inq = 2 cos nq‬‬

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 1 1 3 :‫و ﻣﻨﮫ‬
sin4 q = cos4q - cos2q + :‫ ﺑﯿﻦ أن‬:13‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
( ) (
iq -iq 2
æ + ö
. cos2 q =ç e e ÷ = 1 ( eiq ) +2eiq ×e-iq +( e-iq ) = 1 ( ei2q +e-i2q ) +2 )
8 2 8 2 2

¡ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬q ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ è 2 ø 4 4
: ‫ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﺣﺴﺐ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ أوﻟﯿﺮ‬q Î ¡ ‫ ﻟﯿﻜﻦ‬: ‫اﻟﺠﻮاب‬ 1 cos 2q + 1
eiq - e-iq = ( 2cos 2q + 2 ) =
sinq = 42
2i 1 - cos 2q
4 ¡ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬q ‫ ﻟﻜﻞ‬sin 2 q = :‫ ﺑﯿﻦ أن‬:10‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
æ eiq - e-iq ö 2
sin q = ç
4
÷ :‫و ﻣﻨﮫ‬ eiq - e-iq
è 2i ø ‫ و‬sinq = :‫ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬q Î ¡ ‫ ﻟﯿﻜﻦ‬: ‫اﻟﺠﻮاب‬
( )
2i
. sin4q = ( eiq ) -4( eiq ) ×e-iq +6( eiq ) ×( e-iq ) -4( eiq ) ( e-iq ) +( e-iq )
1 4 3 2 2 1 3 4
einq - e-inq
16 :‫ و ﻣﻨﮫ‬sin nq =
2i
sin4 q = ( e4iq -4e3iq × e-iq + 6e2iq × e-2iq -4eiq ×e-3iq + e-4iq )
1

( ) (
2
æeiq -e-iq ö 1 iq 2 iq -iq -iq 2 1 i2q -i2q
16 . sin q =ç
2
÷ =- ( e ) -2e ×e +( e ) =- ( e +e ) -2 )
sin4 q = ( e4iq - 4e2iq +6 - 4e-2iq +e-4iq ) è 2i ø 4
1 4
16 1 1 - cos 2q
= - ( 2 cos 2q - 2 ) =

16
(
sin4 q = -4( e2iq + e-2iq ) +6+ ( e4iq + e-4iq )
1
) 4 2
:‫ ﻣﻦ ¡ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬q ‫ و‬¥ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬n ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬:‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮظﺔ‬
e - e = 2i sin ( nq ) ‫ و‬einq + e - inq = 2 cos ( nq )
( )
inq - inq
sin4 q = -4( e2iq + e-2iq ) +6+ ( e4iq + e-4iq )
1
16 1 3
¡ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬q ‫ ﻟﻜﻞ‬cos3 q = cos3q + cosq :‫ ﺑﯿﻦ أن‬:11‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
:‫ و ﻣﻨﮫ‬einq + e - inq = 2 cos ( nq ) :‫ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬ 4 4
1 : ‫ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﺣﺴﺐ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ أوﻟﯿﺮ‬q Î ¡ ‫ ﻟﯿﻜﻦ‬: ‫اﻟﺠﻮاب‬
sin4 q = ( -4´2cos2q +6 + 2cos4q )
16 einq + e- inq eiq + e -iq
cos nq = ‫ اذن‬cosq =
1
sin4 q = ( -4cos2q +3+cos4q ) 2 2
8 :‫و ﻣﻨﮫ‬

( )
3
1 1 3 æ eiq +e-iq ö 1 iq 3
÷ = ( e ) +3( e ) ×e +3e ×( e ) +( e )
sin4 q = cos4q - cos2q + cos q =ç
3 iq 2 -iq iq -iq 2 -iq 3
8 2 8
è 2 ø 8
‫ و‬sin 2q = 2sin q cos q :‫ ﺑﯿﻦ أن‬:14‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
cos3 q = ( eiq3 + 3ei2q × e-iq + 3eiq × e-i2q + e-i3q )
1
¡ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬q ‫ ﻟﻜﻞ‬cos 2q = cos 2 q - sin 2 q
8
:‫ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ﻣﻮاﻓﺮ‬: ‫اﻟﺠﻮاب‬
( cos q + i sin q ) = cos 2q + i sin 2q
2
1
8
(
cos3 q = ( eiq3 + e-i3q ) + 3( eiq + e-iq ) )
:‫و ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ أﯾﻀﺎ‬ :‫ و ﻣﻨﮫ‬e + e - inq = 2 cos ( nq ) : ‫وﻧﻌﻠﻢ أن‬
inq

( cos q + i sin q ) = cos2 q - sin 2 q + 2i sin q cosq

2
1 1 3
( 2 cos3q + 3 ´ 2cosq ) = cos 3q + cos q
=
cos q - sin q + 2i sin q cos q = cos 2q + i sin 2q :‫و ﻣﻨﮫ‬
2 2
8 4 4
cos 2q = cos 2 q - sin 2 q ‫ و‬sin 2q = 2cos q sin q :‫إذن‬ 1 3
¡ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬q ‫ ﻟﻜﻞ‬sin3 q = - sin3q + sinq :‫ ﺑﯿﻦ أن‬:12‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
(‫)ﺣﺴﺐ ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ ﺗﺴﺎوي ﻋﺪدﯾﻦ ﻋﻘﺪﯾﯿﻦ‬ 4 4
:‫ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ﻣﻮاﻓﺮ أن‬:15‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬ : ‫ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﺣﺴﺐ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ أوﻟﯿﺮ‬q Î ¡ ‫ ﻟﯿﻜﻦ‬: ‫اﻟﺠﻮاب‬
¡ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬q ‫ ﻟﻜﻞ‬cos 3q = 4 cos 3 q - 3cos q eiq - e-iq
sinq =
¡ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬q ‫ ﻟﻜﻞ‬sin 3q = 3sin q - 4 sin 3 q :‫و أن‬ 2i
:‫ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ﻣﻮاﻓﺮ‬: ‫اﻟﺠﻮاب‬ :‫و ﻣﻨﮫ‬
( cos q + i sin q ) = cos 3q + i sin 3q
(( ( ) ( ))
-iq 3
æe -e öiq
3

:‫و ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ أﯾﻀﺎ‬

. sin3q =ç
1 iq 3 iq 2 -iq
÷ =- e -3 e ×e +3e × e - e
iq
) ( )
-iq 2 -iq 3

è 2i ø 8i
( cosq +isinq) =cos3 q +3( cosq) isinq +3cosq (isinq) +( isinq)
3 2 2 "
1
(
sin3 q =- eiq3 -3ei2q × e-iq +3eiq × e-i2q - e-i3q )
= cos3 q - 3cosq sin2 q + i ( 3cos2 q sinq -sin3 q ) 8i
:‫و ﻣﻨﮫ‬
1
((
sin3 q = - eiq3 - e-i3q - 3 eiq - e-iq ) ( ))
cos q -3cosq sin q + i (3cos q sinq -sin q) = cos3q +i sin3q
3 2 2 3 8i
2i sin nq = einq - e-inq : ‫وﻧﻌﻠﻢ أن‬
sin 3q = 3cos 2 q sin q - sin3 q :‫إذن‬ 1 1 3
=- ( 2i sin 3q - 3 ´ 2i sin q ) = - sin 3q + sin q
8i 4 4

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 b = 89 ‫و‬ a = -16 : ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ )ﺣﺴﺐ ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ ﺗﺴﺎوي‬cos 3q = cos 3 q - 3cos q sin 2 q ‫و‬
P ( Z ) = ( z + i ) (z 2 - 16z + 89 ) : ‫و ﻣﻨﮫ‬ (‫ﻋﺪدﯾﻦ ﻋﻘﺪﯾﯿﻦ‬
cos 3q = cos q - 3cos q sin 2 q
3

z 2 - 16z + 89 = 0 : ‫ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬

= cos 3 q - 3cos q (1 - cos 2 q )
z = 8 + 5i ‫ او‬z = 8 - 5i ‫ وﻣﻨﮫ‬D = -100 : ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬
S = {-i;8 - 5i;8 + 5i} :‫ ( ھﻲ‬E ) ‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺣﻠﻮل اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬:‫إذن‬ cos3q = cos3 q - 3cos q + 3cos3 q = 4cos 3 q - 3cos q

1+ i 3 ( )
sin3q = 3cos2 q sinq - sin3 q = 3 1 - sin2 q sinq - sin3 q
z=- : ‫ ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬:18‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
2 +i 2 = 3sin q - 4sin 3 q
z ‫ ب(ﺣﺪد اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺠﺒﺮي ل‬z ‫(أ(ﺣﺪد اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻷﺳﻰ ل‬1 -2 2Z 2 -2Z+5=0 -1 : £ ‫ﺣﻞ ﻓﻲ‬:16‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
11p 11p 3Z3 -3Z 2 +2Z-2=0
sin ‫ و‬cos ‫(اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬2
12 12 2Z 2 -2Z+5=0 : ‫ ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬-1:‫اﻷﺟﻮﺑﺔ‬
1+ i 3 2 -i 36 2 + i 36
z=- : ‫( أ(ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻷﺳﻰ‬1 :‫اﻷﺟﻮﺑﺔ‬ z1 = ; z2 = D = -36 : ‫ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬
4 4
2 +i 2
ì1 - 3i 1 + 3i ü
i
p
p p 11p
S =í ; ý : ‫إذن‬
- ip 2e 3 i - -p -i î 2 2 þ
z=e p
=e 3 4
=e 12
i 3Z3 -3Z 2 +2Z-2=0 -2
4
2e 3Z3 -3Z 2 +2Z-2 ‫ ﯾﻌﺪم‬1 : ‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ أن‬
:‫ب(ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺠﺒﺮي‬
3Z3 -3Z2 +2Z-2 ‫ ﯾﻘﺴﻢ‬z - 1 : ‫و ﻣﻨﮫ‬
z =-
1+i 3
=-
1+i 3 2 -i 2(=-
)(
6 + 2 +i 6 - 2 ) ( ) 3Z -3Z +2Z-2 = ( Z-1) ( 3Z +2 ) : ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬
3 2 2

2 +i 2 4 4
3Z 2 +2=0 : ‫ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬
- ( 6+ 2 ) +i( 2- 6 ) 2 2 2
z= Z = -i ‫ أو‬Z = i : ‫ إذن‬Z 2 = -
4 4 3 3 3
-11p
=
( 2- 6 )‫و‬ -11p 6+ 2 (
: (‫(ﻣﻦ أ( و ب‬2
) 3Z -3Z +2Z-2=0 : ‫وﻣﻨﮫ‬
3 2

sin cos =- 2 2
12 4 12 4 Z = -i ‫ أو‬Z = i ‫ أو‬Z = 1 : ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬
11p
=
( 6- 2 ) 11p
=-
(6+ 2
‫إذن‬
) 3 3
sin cos ìï 2 2 üï
12 4 12 4 S = í1; i ; -i ý : ‫إذن‬
îï 3 3 ïþ
P(Z ) = Z 3 - (16 - i ) Z 2 + ( 89 - 16i ) Z + 89i :17‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ ﯾﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪه‬z 0 ‫ ( ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ ﺗﺨﯿﻼ ﺻﺮﻓﺎ‬E ) : P ( Z ) = 0 ‫(ﺑﯿﻦ أن‬1
P ( Z ) = 0 : £ ‫( ﺣﻞ ﻓﻲ‬2
‫ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ ﺗﺨﯿﻼ ﺻﺮﻓﺎ‬P ( Z ) = 0 ‫(ﻟﻨﺒﯿﻦ أن‬1 :‫اﻷﺟﻮﺑﺔ‬
z 0 = ib : ‫ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
P(z0 ) = 0 Û( ib) - (16 -i)(ib) + (89 -16i ) ib +89i = 0
3 2

Û16b2 +16b + i ( -b3 - b2 +89b +89) = 0

ìï16b2 +16b = 0
Ûí 3 2
ïî-b - b +89b +89 = 0
« c’est en forgeant que l’on devient
forgeron » dit un proverbe. P( z0 ) = 0 Û b = -1
c’est en s’entraînant régulièrement aux
z 0 = -i ‫ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ ﺗﺨﯿﻼ ﺻﺮﻓﺎ‬P ( Z ) = 0 : ‫و ﻣﻨﮫ‬
calculs et exercices que l’on devient un
mathématicien
: £ ‫ ﻓﻲ‬P ( Z ) = 0 ‫( ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬2
: ‫ ﻓﺈن‬P (Z ) ‫ ﺟﺪر ل‬-i : ‫ﺑﻤﺎ أن‬
P (Z ) = (z + i ) ( z 2 + a z + b )
P ( Z ) = z 3 + ( i + a ) z 2 + (a i + b ) z + b i
P(Z ) = Z 3 - (16 - i ) Z 2 + (89 -16i ) Z + 89i : ‫و ﺑﻤﺎ أن‬

http:// xyzmath.e-monsite.com ‫ ﻧﺠﯿﺐ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬:‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ‬ 4