eq[; ijh{kk

ijh{kk ds fy;s ekud ,oa ikB~;Øe dh fooj.kh

vfuok;Z fo"k;
01- lkekU; fgUnh
bl i= esa ç'u fcgkj fo|ky; ijh{kk lfefr ds ek/;fed ¼lsds.Mjh½ Lrj ds gksaxsA bl ijh{kk esa ljy
fgUnh esa vius Hkkoksa dks Li"Vr% ,oa 'kq)&'kq) :Ik esa O;Dr djus dh {kerk vkSj lgt cks/k 'kfDr dh tk¡p
le>h tk;sxhA
vadksa dk fooj.k fuEu çdkj gksxk%&
fucU/k & 30 vad
O;kdj.k & 30 vad
okD; foU;kl & 25 vad
la{ksi.k & 15 vad
lkekU; v/;;u
lkekU; v/;;u ds ç'u i= ^^1** vkSj ç'u i= ^^2** ds Hkkx ds fuEufyf[kr {ks= gksaxs%&

02- lkekU; v/;;u& i= 1

1- Hkkjr dk vk/kqfud bfrgkl vkSj Hkkjrh; laLÑfrA
2- jk"Vªh; rFkk vUrjkZ"Vªh; egRo dk orZeku ?kVuk pØA
3- lkaf[;dh fo'ys"k.k vkjs[ku vkSj fp=.kA
03- lkekU; v/;;u& i= 2
1- Hkkjrh; jkT; O;oLFkkA
2- Hkkjrh; vFkZ O;oLFkk vkSj Hkkjr dk HkwxksyA
3- Hkkjr ds fodkl esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk vkSj çHkkoA
i=& 1 esa vk/kqfud Hkkjr ¼rFkk fcgkj ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa½ ds bfrgkl vkSj Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ds vUrxZr yxHkx
méhloha 'krkCnh ds e/; Hkkx ls ysdj ns'k ds bfrgkl dh :i js[kk ds lkFk&lkFk xk¡/kh] johUæ vkSj usg: ls
lacaf/kr ç'u Hkh lfEefyr gksaxsA fcgkj ds vk/kqfud bfrgkl ds lanHkZ esa ç'u bl {ks= esa ik'pkR; f'k{kk
¼çkS|ksfxdh f'k{kk lesr½ ds vkjEHk vkSj fodkl ls iwNs tk,axsA blesa Hkkjrh; Lora=rk laxzke esa fcgkj dh Hkwfedk
ls lacaf/kr ç'u jgsaxsA ;s ç'u eq[;r% laFkky foæksg] fcgkj esa 1857 fojlk dk vkUnksyu] pEikj.k lR;kxzg rFkk
1942 dk Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu ls iwNs tk,¡xsA ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ls vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd os ekS;Z dky rFkk iky dky
dh dyk vkSj iVuk dye fp=dyk dh eq[; fo'ks"krkvksa ls ifjfpr gksaxsA lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k vkjs[ku vkSj
lfp= fu:i.k ls lacaf/kr fo"k;ksa esa lkaf[;dh; vkjs[ku ;k fp=kRed :Ik ls çLrqr lkexzh dh tkudkjh ds
vk/kkj ij lgt cqf) dk ç;ksx djrs gq, dqN fu"d"kZ fudkyuk vkSj mlesa ikbZ xbZ dfe;ksa] lhekvksa vkSj
vlaxfr;ksa dk fu:i.k djus dh {kerk dh ijh{kk gksxhA
i=& 2 esa Hkkjrh; jkT; O;oLFkk ls lacaf/kr [kaM esa Hkkjr dh ¼rFkk fcgkj dh½ jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ls lacaf/kr
ç'u gksaxsA Hkkjrh; vFkZ O;oLFkk vkSj Hkkjr rFkk fcgkj ds Hkwxksy ls lacaf/kr [kaM esa Hkkjr dh ;kstuk vkSj Hkkjr
ds HkkSfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd Hkwxksy ls lacaf/kr ç'u iwNs tk,¡xsA Hkkjr ds fodkl esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh
ds egRo vkSj çHkko ls lacaf/kr rhljs [kaM esa ,sls ç'u iwNs tk,¡xs] tks Hkkjr rFkk fcgkj esa foKku vkSj
çkS|ksfxdh ds egRo ds ckjs esa mEehnokj dh tkudkjh dh ijh{kk djsA buesa çk;ksfxd i{k ij cy fn;k tk,xkA

5
 v/;;u] mudk HkkSfrd] jklk;fud rFkk çdk'kh; xq.k rFkk muds ç;ksx] ;fn dksbZ gks] bu [kfutksa ds
mRiknksa ds ifjorZuksa dk v/;;uA
4- lSyfoKku%& eSxek] bldk çtuu] LoHkko rFkk la;kstuA ckbujh rFkk VuZjh i)fr dk lk/kkj.k Qst dk
Mk;xzke rFkk mudk egRo] oksfcu çfrfØ;k fl)kar] eSxesfVd fousnhdj.k] vkRe;kRdj.kA cukoV rFkk
lajpuk vkSj mudh ik"kk.k] mRifr] egRo] vkXus; pêkuksa dk oxhZdj.k] Hkkjr ds egRoiw.kZ pêku VkbZi dh
isVªksxzkQh rFkk isVªkstsusfll] xzsukbV~l] dkuksZdkbV~l] ,uksFkksZlkbVl rFkk {kkjh; pêkuA
ryNV pêkuksa ds cukoV dh çfØ;k,¡] Mkbtsusfll rFkk fyfFkfQds'ku] cukoV rFkk lajpuk vkSj
mldk egRo] vkXus; pêkuksa dk oxhZdj.k] DykfLVd rFkk uu&DyfLVdA Hkkjh [kfut vkSj mldk egRoA
teko Ik;kZoj.k ds vkjfEHkd fl)karA vkXus; dk vxzHkkx rFkk mRifÙk LFkku] lkekU; pêku çdkjksa ds
f'kykys[kA
:ikUrj.k dk ifjorZu] :ikUrj.k ds çdkj] :ikUrfjd xszM] tksu rFkk vxzHkkxA ,ñlhñ,Qñ]
,ñdsñ,Qñ rFkk ,ñ,Qñ,eñ vkÑfrA pêkuksa ds :ikUrj.k dh cukoV] lajpuk rFkk ukekad.k] egRoiw.kZ pêkuksa
ds f'kyk ;k 'kSy tuuA
5- vkfFkZd Hkw&foKku& dPps /kkrq dk fl)kar] /kkrq [kfut rFkk fo/kkrq] dPps /kkrq dh xfrfof/k] [kfut laxzgksa
dh cukoV dh çfØ;k] dPps /kkrq dk oxhZdj.k] dPps /kkrq laxzg Kku dk fu;a=.k] esVkyhtsusfVd bihg]
egRoiw.kZ /kkrq laca/kh fcuk /kkrq laca/kh laxzg] rsy rFkk çkÑfrd xSl] {ks=] Hkkjr ds dks;yk {ks=A Hkkjr dh
[kfut lEink] [kfut vFkZ] jk"Vªh; [kfut uhfr] [kfutksa dh lqj{kk rFkk mi;ksfxrkA
6- ç;qDr Hkw&foKku& vk'kktud vkSj ;a= dyk ç/kkurk,¡A [kuu foKku dh ç/kku i)fr] uewuk dPpk /kkrq
HkaMkj.k rFkk ykHk vfHk;kaf=d dk;ks± esa Hkw&foKku dk ç;ksxA
e`nk rFkk Hkwfexr ty & Hkw foKkuA fcgkj ds Hkwfexr ty çns'kA Hkw&oSKkfud xos"k.k esa ok;q lEcU/kh fp=ksa dk
ç;ksxA

15- bfrgkl
[k.M& I (Section- I)
Hkkx ¼d½ && Hkkjr dk bfrgkl ¼760 bZloh lu~ rd½
1- flU/kq lH;rk
mn~xe] foLrkj] çeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡] egkuxj] O;kikj vkSj laca/k( gjkl ds dkj.k] mrjk thfork vkSj lkarRoA
2- oSfnd ;qx
oSfnd lkfgR;] oSfnd ;qx dk HkkSxksfyd {ks=] flU/kq lH;rk vkSj tSfod laLÑr ds chp vlekurk,¡ vkSj
lekurk,¡A jktuhfrd] lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd çfr:Ik] egku /kkfeZd fopkj vkSj jhfr&fjoktA
3- ekS;Z dky ls iwoZ
/kkfeZd vkanksyu ¼tSu] ckS) vkSj vU; /keZ½ lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd fLFkfrA ex/k lkezkT; dk x.kra= vkSj
o`f)A
4- ekS;Z lkezkT;
lk/ku] lkezkT; ç'kklu dk mn~Hko] o`f) vkSj iru] lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd fLFkfr] v'kksd dh uhfr vkSj
lq/kkj dkyA
5- ekS;Z dky ds ckn ¼200 bZñiwñ& 300 bZñ½
mÙkjh vkSj nf{k.kh Hkkjr esa çeq[k jktoa'k] vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd] laLÑr] çkÑr vkSj rfey /keZ ¼egk;ku
dk mn; vkSj bZ'ojoknh mikluk½A dyk ¼xka/kkj] eFkqjk rFkk vU; Ldwy½ dsUæh; ,f'k;k ls laca/kA
6- xqIr dky
xqIr lkezkT; dk mn; vkSj iru] cdkVdkl] ç'kklu lekt vFkZO;LFkk] lkfgR; dyk vkSj /keZ nf{k.k iwoZ
,f'k;k ls laca/kA
7- xqIr dky ds Ik'pkr~ ¼500 bZñ&700 bZñ½
iq';Hkwfrl] eks[kkfnl] muds Ik'pkr~ xqIr jktkA g"kZo/kZu vkSj mldk dky] cnkeh ds pkyqD;A iYyo]
lekt] ç'kklu vkSj dykA vjc fot;A
8- foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh] f'k{kk vkSj Kku dk lkekU; iqujh{k.kA
Hkkx ¼[k½& e/;;qxhu Hkkjr ¼Hkkjr 750 bZñ ls 1200 bZñ rd½
1- jktuhfrd vkSj lkekftd n'kk] jktiwr] mudh uhfr;k¡ vkSj lkekftd lajpuk ¼Hkw&lajpuk vkSj bldk
lekt Ikj çHkko½A

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2- O;kikj vkSj okf.kT;
3- dyk] /keZ vkSj n'kZu] 'kadjkpk;ZA
4- rVoÙkhZ fØ;kdyki] vjch ls laca/k] vkilh lkaLÑfrd çHkkoA
5- jk"Vªdqy] bfrgkl esa mudh Hkwfedk] dyk vkSj laLÑfr esa ;ksxnku ¼pksy lkezkT;] LFkkuh; Lok;r ljdkj]
Hkkjrh; xzke i)fr ds y{k.k] nf{k.k esa lekt vFkZO;oLFkk] dyk vkSj fo|k½A
6- eqgEen xtuoh ds vkØe.k ls iwoZ Hkkjrh; lekt vyo:uh ds n`"VkUrA

Hkkjr 1200&1765

7- mÙkj Hkkjr esa fnYyh lqYrkuksa dh uhao] dkj.k vkSj ifjfLFkfr;k¡] Hkkjrh; lekt ij mldk çHkkoA
8- f[kyth lkezkT;] lkFkZdrk vkSj vk'k;] ç'kklfud vkSj vkfFkZd fofu;eu vkSj jkT; ,oe~ turk ij mudk
çHkkoA
9- eqgEen fcu rqxyd ds v/khu jkT; uhfr;ksa vkSj ç'kklfud fl)karksa dh uohu fLFkfr] fQjkst'kkg dh
/kkfeZd uhfr vkSj yksd&fuekZ.kA
10- fnYyh lYrur dk fo?kVu& dkj.k vkSj Hkkjrh; jktra= vkSj lekt ij bldk çHkkoA
11- jkT; dk Lo:Ik vkSj fo'ks"krk& jktuhfrd fopkj vkSj laLFkk,¡] Ñ"kd lajpuk vkSj laca/k] 'kgjh dsUæksa dh
o`f)] O;kikj vkSj y?kq okf.kT;] f'kYidkjksa vkSj Ñ"kdksa] uohu f'kYi] m|ksx vkSj çk/kksfxdh Hkkjrh; vkS"kf/k;ksa
dh fLFkfrA
12- Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ij bLyke dk çHkko& eqfLye jgL;oknh vkanksyu] HkfDr larksa dh çÑfr vkSj lkFkZdrk]
egkjk"Vª /keZA oS"o iqu:)kjdksa ds vkanksyuksa dh Hkwfedk] pSrU; vkanksyu dh lkekftd vkSj /kkfeZd
lkFkZdrk] eqfLye lkekftd thou ij fgUnq lekt dk çHkkoA
13- fot; uxj lkezkT;] bldh mRifÙk vkSj o`f) dyk] lkfgR; vkSj laLÑfr esa ;ksxnku] lkekftd vkSj
vkfFkZd fLFkfr;k¡] ç'kklu dh i)fr] fot; uxj lkezkT; dk fo?kVuA
14- bfrgkl ds lzksr] çeq[k bfrgkldkjksas] f'kykys[kksa vkSj eaf=;ksa dk fooj.kA
15- mÙkj Hkkjr esa eqxy lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk& ckcj dh p<+kbZ ds le; fgUnqLrku esa jktuSfrd vkSj lkekftd
fLFkfr] ckcj vkSj gqek;aq] Hkkjrh; leqæ esa iqrZxkyh fu;a=.k dh LFkkiuk] blds jktuhfrd ,oa vkfFkZd
ifj.kkeA
16- lwj] jktuhfrd] jktLo vkSj vlSfud ç'kkluA
17- vdcj ds v/khu eqxy lkezkT; dk foLrkj%& jktuSfrd ,drk] vdcj ds v/khu jktra= dk uohu Lo:Ik]
vdcj dk /kkfeZd jktuhfrd fopkj] xSj eqfLyeksa ds lkFk laca/kA
18- e/; dkyhu ;qx esa {ks=h; Hkk"kkvksa vkSj lkfgR; dh o`f)] dyk vkSj oLrqdyk dk fodklA
19- jktuhfrd fopkj vkSj laLFkk,¡] eqxy lkezkT; dh çÑfr] Hkw&jktLo ç'kklu] eulcnkjh vkSj tkxhjnkjh
i)fr;ka] Hkwfe lajpuk vkSj tehankjksa dh Hkwfedk] [ksrhgj laca/k] lSfud laxBuA
20- vkSjaxtsc dh /kkfeZd uhfr& nf{k.k esa eqxy lkezkT; dk foLrkj] vkSjaxtsc ds fo:) foæksg] Lo:Ik vkSj
ifj.kkeA
21- 'kgjh dsUæksa dk foLrkj& vkS|ksfxd vFkZO;oLFkk& 'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k fons'kh O;kikj vkSj okf.kT;] eqxy vkSj
;wjksih; O;kikfjd dEifu;k¡A
22- fgUnw&eqfLye laca/k] ,dhdj.k dh ço`fÙk&la;qDr laLÑfr ¼16oha ls 18oha 'krkCnh½A
23- f'kokth dk mn;& eqxyksa ds lkFk mudk la?k"kZ] f'kokth dk ç'kklu] is'kok ¼1707&1761½ ds v/khu ejkBh
'kfDr dk foLrkj] çFke rhu is'kokvksa ds v/khu ejkBk jktuhfrd lajpuk] pkSFk vkSj ljns'keq[kh] ikuhir
dh rhljh yM+kbZ] dkj.k vkSj çHkko] ejkBk jkT; o la?k dk vkfoHkkZo] bldh lajpuk vkSj HkwfedkA
24- eqxy lkezkT; dk fo?kVu] uohu {ks=h; jkT; dk vkfoHkkZoA
[k.M& II (Section- II)
Hkkx ^^d** vk/kqfud Hkkjr ¼1757 ls 1947½
1- ,sfrgkfld 'kfDr;k¡ vkSj dkjd] ftudh otg ls vaxzstksa dk Hkkjr ij vf/kiR; gqvk] fo'sk"kr;k caxky]
egkjk"Vª vkSj fla/k ds lUnHkZ esa Hkkjrh; rkdrksa }kjk çfrjks/k vkSj mudh vlQyrkvksa ds dkj.kA
2- jktokM+ksa ij vaxzstksa dk çeq[k dk fodkjA
3- mifuos'kokn dh voLFkk,¡ vkSj ç'kklfud <kaps vkSj uhfr;ksa esa ifjorZu ¼jktLo] U;k; lekt vkSj f'k{kk
lEcU/kh ifjorZu vkSj fczfV'k vkSifuosf'kd fgrksa esa mudk laca/k½A

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4- fczfV'k vkfFkZd uhfr vkSj mudk çHkko] Ñf"k dk okf.kT;hdj.k] xzkeh.k _.kxzLrrk] Ñf"k Jfedksa dh o`f)]
nLrdkjh m|ksxksa dk fouk'k] lEifÙk dk iyk;u] vk/kqfud m|ksxksa dh o`f) rFkk iwathoknh oxZ dk mn;]
bZlkbZ fe'kuksa dh xfrfof/k;k¡A
5- Hkkjrh; lekt ds iquthZou ds çHkko] lkekftd /kkfeZd vkanksyu] lq/kkjdksa ds lkekftd] /kkfeZd]
jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd fopkj vkSj mudh Hkfo"; n`f"V] méhloha 'krkCnh ds iqutkZxj.k dk Lo:Ik vkSj
mldh lhek,¡] tkfrxr vkanksyu fo'ks"kdj nf{k.k vkSj egkjk"Vª ds lUnHkZ esa] vkfnoklh foæksg fo'ks"kdj
e/; rFkk iwohZ Hkkjr esaA
6- ukxfjd foæksg& 1857 dk foæksg] ukxfjd foæksg vkSj Ñ"kd foæksg fo'ks"kdj uhy cxkor ds laca/k eas]
nf{k.k ds naxs vkSj Hkksiyk cxkorA
7- Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkanksyu dk mn; vkSj fodkl& Hkkjrh; jk"Vªokn ds lkekftd vk/kkj] çkjfEHkd
jk"Vªokfn;ksa vkSj mxz jk"Vªokfn;ksa dh uhfr;k¡ vkSj dk;ZØe] mxz Økafrdkjh ny] vkradoknh lkEçnkf;drk
dk mn; vkSj fodklA Hkkjr dh jktuhfr esa xka/khth dk mn; vkSj muds tu&vkanksyu ds rjhds]
vlg;ksx lfou; voKk vkSj Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu] VªsM ;wfu;u vkSj fdlku vkanksyuA jktokM+ksa dh turk
ds vkanksyu] dkaxzsl lektoknh vkSj lkE;oknhA jk"Vªh; vkanksyu ds çfr fczVsu dh ljdkjh çfrfØ;k]
1909&1935 ds laoS/kkfud ifrorZuksa ds ckjs esa dkaxzsl dk :[k] vktkn fgUn QkSt 1946 dk ukSlsuk foæksg]
Hkkjr dk foHkktu vkSj Lora=rk dh çkfIrA

Hkkx ^^[k**& fo'o bfrgkl ¼1500&1950½

¼d½ HkkSxksfyd [kkstksa& lkeUrokn dk iru] iwathokn dk çkjEHk ¼;wjksIk esa iquthZou vkSj /keZ lq/kkj½ uohu
fujadq'k jktra=& jk"Vª jkT;ksn;A
if'peh ;wjksi esa okf.kfT;d Økafr okf.kT;oknA
baxySaM esa lalnh; la?kksa dk fodklA rhl o"khZ; ;q)A ;wjksIk ds bfrgkl esa bldk egRoA
¼[k½ Ýkal dk çHkqRo&
fo'o ds oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k dk mn;A çoks/ku dk ;qx] vesfjdk dh Økafr ,oe~ bldk egRoA
Ýkal dh Økafr rFkk uSiksfy;u dk ;qx ¼1789&1815½] fo'o bfrgkl esa bldk egRoA if'peh ;wjksIk esa lq/kkjokn
rFkk çtkra= dk fodkl ¼1815&1914½] vkS|ksfxd Økafr dk oSKkfud rFkk rduhdh i`"BHkwfe] ;wjksi ds vkS|ksfxd
Økafr dh voLFkk,¡] ;wjksi esa lkekftd rFkk Je vkanksyuA
¼x½ fo'kky jk"Vª jkT;ksa dk lqn`<+hdj.k] bVyh dk ,dhdj.k] teZu lkezkT; dk vkcknhdj.kA vesfjdk dk
flfoy ;q)A 19oha vkSj 20oha 'krkCnh esa ,f'k;k rFkk vÝhdk esa mifuos'kokn rFkk lkezkT;oknA
phu rFkk if'peh 'kfDr;k¡A tkiku vkSj blds mn; dk cM+h 'kfDr ds :Ik esa vk/kqfudhdj.kA
;wjksih; 'kfDr;k¡ rFkk vksêkeu ,Eik;j ¼1815&1914½-
çFke fo'o;q)& ;q) dk vkfFkZd rFkk lkekftd çHkko& isfjl laf/k 1919-
¼?k½ :l dh Økafr 1917& :l esa vkfFkZd rFkk lkekftd iqu% fuekZ.k] bUMksusf'k;k] phu rFkk fgUn phu esa
jk"Vªoknh vkanksyuA
phu esa lkE;okn dk mn; vkSj LFkkiukA vjc lalkj esa tkx`fr] feJ esa Lok/khurk rFkk lq/kkj gsrq la?k"kZ] deky
varkrqdZ ds v/khu vk/kqfud rqdhZ dk vkfp/kkZuA vjc jk"Vªokn dk mn;A
1929&32 dk fo'o oyuA Ýsadfyu Mh :tosYV dk u;k O;ogkjA ;wjksi esa loZlÙkkokn] bVyh esa eksgokn] teZu
esa ukthoknA tkiku esa lSU;okn] f}rh; fo'o;q) ds mn~xe rFkk ifj.kkeA

25