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18 Berrouk
18 Berrouk
109-115
ﻤﻠﺨﺹ
ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺴﻼﻟﺔ ﻨﺤل ﺍﻟﻌﺴل Apis melliferaﻓـﻲ ﺒﻌـﺽ ﻤﻨـﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟـﺸﺭﻕ
ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻴﺔ .ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﺯﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ
ﻭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻤﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ ﺒﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﻭ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺌﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ
ﺒﺴﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﺤل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ.
ABSTRACT
It was aimed by the present investigations to study the morphometrics of the honey bee race Apis mellifera in the eastern part
of Algeria (and to compare it with the reference races). The studies were restricted to the characters of economic and biologic
value, these criteria were firstly used to compare the honey bee races of the regions of study and in second time compare the
best of them with the reference races that were the subject of previous studies
words key : Apis mellifera, east of Algeria, economic characters, biologic characters, comparaison, reference races
ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ﻨﺤل ﺍﻟﻌﺴل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻟﻭﻥ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺍ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻁﺭﻕ
ﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ .ﺘﺭﺘﻜﺯ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺘﻪ .ﻭ ﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻪ ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺠﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻐﺎﻟﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻏﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻁﺒﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻌﺴل ،ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ
ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ،ﻭ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ ،ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ،ﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل( ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ
ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻤﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ
ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ )ﺍﻹﻴﻁﺎﻟﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻨﻴﻭﻟﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ) .(5ﺇﻥ ﻨﺤل ﺍﻟﻌﺴل
ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻗﺎﺯﻴﺔ ،ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ( ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻨﺎﻓﻌﺔ ﺘﻌﻴﺵ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺎﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ
ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ﻭ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺤﺒﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺡ ﻭ ﻤﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺎﺌﻔﺔ ﻭ ﺘﺴﻜﻥ ﻤﺴﻜﻨﺎ ﺨﺎﺼﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ
ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴﻕ ﻭ ﺇﻓﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﻭ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ. ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻭ
ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﻷﻴﻤﻥ ،ﺍﻟﺭﺠل ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ ،ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻨﻴﺔ .2ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ( ﻭ ﺃﺴﺘﺭﻨﺔ ﻏﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻭ 1.1.ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل) -1-ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻭﺘﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ(. ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺃﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﺎﺭﺱ ،ﺃﻓﺭﻴل ﻭ ﻤﺎﻱ ﻤﻥ
ﻴﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻜل ﻨﺤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﺴﻨﺔ 1990ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺒﺭ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺒﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ
ﺯﺠﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻭﻕ ﻗﻁﺭﺓ ﻏﻠﻴﺴﺭﻴﻥ ﺠﻴﻠﻲ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻐﻁﻰ ﺒﺴﺎﺘﺭﺓ. ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺒﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺤﻀﺎﺭ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻨﺤل )ﺸﻐﺎﻻﺕ(
ﺜﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺃﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﺎﺤل ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻤﻥ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ: ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ :
ﻁﻭل ﺸﻤﺭﺍﺥ ﻗﺭﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ،ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ،ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ) :(1ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺴﻭﻕ ﺃﻫﺭﺍﺱ )ﺃ( ﻭ ﺘﺤﻭﻱ 50
ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺡ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ ،ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺡ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ ،ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﻨﺤﻠﺔ.
ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ،ﻁﻭل ﻭ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﺭﺴﻎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ) :(2ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻋﺯﺍﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻌﺩ 32ﻜﻠﻡ ﻋﻥ
ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ،ﻁﻭل ﻭ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ،ﻁﻭل ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺴﻜﻴﻜﺩﺓ ﻭ ﺘﺤﻭﻱ 60ﻨﺤﻠﺔ.
ﻭ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺃﺴﺘﺭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ،ﻭ ﻁﻭل ﻭ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ) :(3ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻌﺩ 7ﻜﻠﻡ
ﻤﺭﺁﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ .ﻭ ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﻁﻴﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﻭﺸﻘﻭﻑ)ﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻟﻤﺔ( ﻭ ﺘﺤﻭﻱ 62ﻨﺤﻠﺔ.
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ .ﺴﺠﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ) :(4ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺴﻜﻴﻜﺩﺓ ﻭ ﺘﺤﻭﻱ 70ﻨﺤﻠﺔ.
ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻴﻤﺘﺭ. ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ) :(5ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻌﺩ 54ﻜﻠﻡ ﻋﻥ
-1-ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺡ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﺴﻜﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺘﺤﻭﻱ 71ﻨﺤﻠﺔ.
-2-ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ) :(6ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻌﺩ 14ﻜﻠﻡ
-3-ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﻴﻔﺎﺵ )ﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺴﻭﻕ ﺃﻫﺭﺍﺱ )ﺏ( ( ﻭ ﺘﺤﻭﻱ
-4-ﻤﺭﺁﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ 80ﻨﺤﻠﺔ.
-5-ﺃﺴﺘﺭﻨﺔ ﻏﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ) :(7ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺴل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻌﺩ 9ﻜﻠﻡ ﻋﻥ
-6-ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻟﺔ )ﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺭﻑ( ﻭ ﺘﺤﻭﻱ 100ﻨﺤﻠﺔ.
-7-ﻗﺭﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ) :(8ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺴﻴﺩﻱ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻌﺩ 12ﻜﻠﻡ
-8-ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺒﺔ ﻭ ﺘﺤﻭﻱ 110ﻨﺤﻠﺔ.
-9-ﻋﻘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻎ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ
2.1.ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل
ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻴﺴﺭﻴﻥ ﺠﻴﻠﻲ ﻤﺨﺒﺭﻴﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍ ﻤﻥ
ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﺭ، ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻏﻠﻴﺴﺭﻴﻥ، ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺭﻭﺯ، ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻼﺘﻴﻥ،
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻭل )ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ( ،ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﺌﺢ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ
ﺒﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻨﺤﻠﺔ :ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ،ﻗﺭﻥ
ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻴﻤﻥ ،ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺡ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻷﻴﻤﻥ ،ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺡ
ﺸﻜل –1-ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻐﺎﻟﺔ
110
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ﳓﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ Apis mellifera Intermissaﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ
8.80 8.61 8.20 8.30 8.80 8.57 8.85 8.77 ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺡ
ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل) (1ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ) (1ﻴﻭﻀﺤﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻁﻭل ﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ
0.02± 0.06± 0.04± 0.24± 0.10± 0.69± 0.11± 0.02±
ﻜﺎﻥ ﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ﻨﺤل ﺒﺴﻜﺭﺓ ﻭ ﻗﺩﺭ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﻪ ﺏ 0.05 ± 6.28ﻤﻠﻡ
3.04 3.04 2.80 2.94 3.02 2.97 3.09 3.01 ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺡ
0.01± 0.01± 0.01± 0.02± 0.38± 0.01± 006± 0.01± ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺼﻐﺭ ﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ﻨﺤل ﻋﺯﺍﺒﺔ ﻭ ﻗﺩﺭ
23.99 23.20 22.63 24.04 21.67 22.59 23.11 22.73 ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﻪ ﺏ 0.18 ± 5.68ﻤﻠﻡ.
ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﻁﻴﻑ
0.37± 0.22± 0.24± 0.20± 0.26± 0.21± 0.28± 0.23± ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل) (1ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ) (2ﻴﻭﻀﺤﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻁﻭل ﺸﻤﺭﺍﺥ
2.37 2.31 2.22 2.29 2.38 2.30 2.38 2.38 ﻁﻭل ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺭﻨﺔ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺸﻤﺭﺍﺥ ﻨﺤل ﺴﻭﻕ ﺃﻫﺭﺍﺱ )ﺃ( ﻭ ﻗﺩﺭ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﻪ ﺏ ± 2.98
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ
0.04± 0.01± 0.20± 0.01± 0.01± 0.01± 0.01± 0.01± 0.33ﻤﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺼﺭ ﺸﻤﺭﺍﺥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺸﻤﺭﺍﺥ ﻨﺤل ﺒﺴﻜﺭﺓ ﻭ
4.69 4.63 4.32 4.58 4.68 4.53 4.61 4.59 ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺭﻨﺔ ﻗﺩﺭ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﻪ ﺏ 0.74 ± 2.70ﻤﻠﻡ.
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل) (1ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ) (3ﻴﻭﻀﺤﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻁﻭل ﺠﻨﺎﺡ
0.01± 0.01± 0.02± 0.24± 0.02± 0.01± 0.51± 0.01±
111
هﺪى ﺑﺮوك
±
ﻟﻐﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻭﺤﻅﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺤل ﻋﺯﺍﺒﺔ
1 1 1 1
2.30 2.32
1 1 1 1
1.16 2.33 2.31 2.30 2.30
1
2.83
ﺒﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻗﺩﺭﻩ 0.03 ± 6.02ﻤﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻀﻴﻕ ﺃﺴﺘﺭﻨﺔ
ﻋﺭﺽ ﻤﺭﺁﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ
±0.0 0.10 0.22 ±0.0 ±0.0 ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﻐﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻭﺤﻅﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺤل ﻋﺯﺍﺒﺔ
±0.01 0.01± ±0.01
3.09 2.96
1 ± ± 1
2.87 2.97 3.03 3.01 3.09
1
3.12
ﺒﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻗﺩﺭﻩ 0.22 ± 5.36ﻤﻠﻡ.
0.13 ±0.0 0.07 ±0.0 ±0.0 ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل) (2ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ) (10ﻴﻭﻀﺤﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻁﻭل ﻤﺭﺁﺓ
0.12± ±0.01 ±0.01
ﺸﻤﻊ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻭﺤﻅﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺤل ﺴﻭﻕ ﺃﻫﺭﺍﺱ)ﺏ(
± 1 ± 1 1
112
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ﳓﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ Apis mellifera Intermissaﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ
6.3
6
5.9
ﻭﻫﻭ ﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻁﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻨﻴﻭﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ
5.8 ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻨﻴﻭﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺃﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻘﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ 3.02 :ﻤﻠﻡ ] 3.08 ،[1ﻤﻠﻡ ] 3.05 ،[1ﻤﻠﻡ ] .[2ﻓﻲ
5.7
5.6
ﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ
ﺑﺴﻜﺮة
ﻋﻨﺎﺑﺔ
ﻋﺰاﺑﺔ
ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس )أ(
ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس)ب(
ﺱﻜﻴﻜﺪة
ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ
ﺃﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﻭﻯ ﺠﻨﺎﺡ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻼﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ
ﺴﺠل ﻓﻲ ﻨﺤل ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺴﻭﻕ ﺃﻫﺭﺍﺱ )ﺃ( ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﺩﺭ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻁﻭﻟﻪ
ﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ : - 1-ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ.
ﺏ 8.85ﻤﻠﻡ ﻭ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﺭﻀﻪ 3.09ﻤﻠﻡ ﻭ ﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﻔﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻗﺩﺭ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻁﻭل ﺠﻨﺎﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ ﺏ
3
2.95
2.8
2.6
ﻗﺩﺭ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻁﻭل ﺠﻨﺎﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ ﺏ 9.10ﻤﻠﻡ ﻭﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ
2.55 ﻋﺭﻀﻪ 3.18ﻤﻠﻡ ] [4ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻨﻴﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻗﺩﺭ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ
ﻋﻨﺎﺑﺔ
ﻗﺎﻟﻤﺔ
ﻋﺰاﺑﺔ
ﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ
ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس )أ(
ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس)ب(
ﺱﻜﻴﻜﺪة
ﺑﺴﻜﺮة
8.6
7.8
ﻗﺎﻟﻤﺔ
ﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ
ﺑﺴﻜﺮة
ﻋﻨﺎﺑﺔ
ﻋﺰاﺑﺔ
ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس )أ(
ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس)ب(
ﺱﻜﻴﻜﺪة
ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ
113
ﻋﺭﺽ ﺃﺴﺘﺭﻨﺔ ﻏﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ )ﻤﻠﻡ( ﻁﻭل ﺃﺴﺘﺭﻨﺔ ﻏﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ )ﻤﻠﻡ( ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ )ﻤﻠﻡ(
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
5
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6
6.2
2.45
2.5
2.55
2.6
2.65
2.7
2.75
2.8
2.85
2.9
هﺪى ﺑﺮوك
ﺑﺴﻜﺮة ﺑﺴﻜﺮة
ﺑﺴﻜﺮة
ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ
ﺱﻜﻴﻜﺪة ﺱﻜﻴﻜﺪة ﺱﻜﻴﻜﺪة
114
ﻁﻭل ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ )ﻤﻠﻡ( ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﻁﻴﻑ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺡ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ )ﻤﻠﻡ(
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.15
2.25
2.35
2.65
2.7
2.75
2.8
2.85
2.9
2.95
3
3.05
3.1
3.15
20
20.5
21
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
24
24.5
ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ
ﺳﻜﻴﻜﺪة
ﺱﻜﻴﻜﺪة ﺱﻜﻴﻜﺪة
ﻋﺰاﺑﺔ
ﻋﺰاﺑﺔ ﻋﺰاﺑﺔ
ﺳﻮق أهﺮاس)ب(
ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس)ب( ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس)ب(
ﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ
ﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ :5-ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﻁﻴﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ.
ﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ﳓﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ Apis mellifera Intermissaﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ
2.35 1.5
2.3
1.45
ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﺭﺴﻎ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ )ﻤﻠﻡ(
2.25
2.15
1.35
2.1
2.05 1.3
2
1.25
1.95
1.9 1.2
ﻗﺎﻟﻤﺔ
ﺑﺴﻜﺮة
ﻋﻨﺎﺑﺔ
ﻋﺰاﺑﺔ
ﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ
ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس )أ(
ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس)ب(
ﺱﻜﻴﻜﺪة
ﻗﺎﻟﻤﺔ
ﺑﺴﻜﺮة
ﻋﻨﺎﺑﺔ
ﻋﺰاﺑﺔ
ﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ
ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس )أ(
ﺱﻜﻴﻜﺪة
ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس)ب(
ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ
ﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ : - 13-ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﺭﺴﻎ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ. ﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ : - 10-ﻁﻭل ﻤﺭﺁﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ.
1.18 2.35
1.16
2.3
ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﺭﺴﻎ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ )ﻤﻠﻡ(
1.14
ﻋﺭﺽ ﻤﺭﺁﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ )ﻤﻠﻡ(
2.25
1.12
1.1 2.2
1.08
2.15
1.06
2.1
1.04
1.02 2.05
ﻗﺎﻟﻤﺔ
ﺑﺴﻜﺮة
ﻋﻨﺎﺑﺔ
ﻋﺰاﺑﺔ
ﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ
ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس )أ(
ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس)ب(
ﺱﻜﻴﻜﺪة
ﻗﺎﻟﻤﺔ
ﺑﺴﻜﺮة
ﻋﻨﺎﺑﺔ
ﻋﺰاﺑﺔ
ﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ
ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس )أ(
ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس)ب(
ﺱﻜﻴﻜﺪة
ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ
ﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ : - 14-ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﺭﺴﻎ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ. ﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ : - 11-ﻋﺭﺽ ﻤﺭﺁﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ.
.4ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ 3.15
ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺤل ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺒﺴﻜﺭﺓ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺄﻁﻭل 3.1
3
ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺘﻤﻴﺯﻩ ﺒﺄﻁﻭل ﺴﺎﻕ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﻠل ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺨﺯ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﻭ 2.95
ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻤل ﺤﺒﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺡ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ .ﺃﻤﺎ 2.9
ﻨﺤل ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺴﻭﻕ ﺃﻫﺭﺍﺱ )ﺃ( ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺄﻜﺒﺭ ﻭ ﺃﻭﺴﻊ ﺠﻨﺎﺡ
2.85
2.8
ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﺭﺍﻥ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ،ﻜﻤﺎ 2.75
ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴﻕ ﻭ ﺤﺒﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺡ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻔﻭﻗﻪ ﻓﻲ 2.7
ﻗﺎﻟﻤﺔ
ﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ
ﺑﺴﻜﺮة
ﻋﻨﺎﺑﺔ
ﻋﺰاﺑﺔ
ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس )أ(
ﺱﻮق أهﺮاس)ب(
ﺱﻜﻴﻜﺪة
115
هﺪى ﺑﺮوك
ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﻫﺠﻴﻥ ﻴﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺼﻔﺔ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ﻭ ﻜﺒﺭ ﺤﺠﻡ
ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺡ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴﻕ
ﻭ ﺤﺒﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺯﻫﺎﺭ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﺘﺒﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻭًﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ
.ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺴل ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ
ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺤل ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻋﺯﺍﺒﺔ ﺃﻗل،ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ
ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻟﺫﺍ ﻨﻨﺼﺢ ﻤﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤل
.ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺤل ﺍﻟﻌﺴل ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﻴﻥ
:ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ
[1] -EL-BANBY, M.A. (1965). Heritability estimates and genetic
correlations for some quantitative characters in the honey
bee . APIMONDIA, XX international beekeeping jubilee
congress. Bucharest, August 26-31.
[2] -EL-BANBY, M.A. (1968). Inheritance of some quantitative
characters in the Carnio-Egyptian honey-bee hybrid . Bull.
Soc. Ent. Egypte.
[3] -EL-BANBY, M.A and EL-SAMNY, M.A. (1969).
Biometrical honey-bee race and its local crosses in U.A.R.
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