GRAMMAIRE DU FRANÇAIS

CHAPTER 1: BASIC SENTENCES

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE
 ne… rien (not…anything) ne…plus (not…anymore)
 ne… pas (not) ne…plus personne (nobody/not any body)
 ne… jamais (never) ne…personne (nobody/not anybody)
 ne…nul(le)… ne…aucun(e)
 ne…ni…ni… / ne…pas…ni…
 ne…jamais nulle part (never…any where)
 ne…plus jamais rien (not ever…anything…again)

INTERROGATIVE
 Est-ce que/qu’ + declarative sentence? → interrogative sentence
 Pronoun Subject: Verb + PronounSubject …?
 Noun Subject: NounSubject + (ne/n’)+Verb +(a-t-)Pronoun(il/ils/elle/ells)…?
 Tags: Declarative, n’est-ce pas?
___, non? (isn’t it/he/she?)
___, tu ne penses pas? (don’t you think?)
___, pas vrai? (right?)

CHAPTER 2: INTERROGATION-QUESTIONS
QUI: WHO
 Qui + verb…? (Qui is the subject.)
 Qui est-ce qui + verb…? (Qui is the subject.)
 Qui est-ce que + subject + verb…? (Qui is the direct object.)
 Qui + interrogative (inversion)? (Qui is direct Object. Pronoun-Noun)


QU’EST-CE QUE/QUE: WHAT

 Qu’est-ce que/qu’+ Subject +verb…?
 Que/Qu’+ Verb + Subject…?
 Qu’est-ce qui + Verb…?

INTERROGATIVE ADVERBS
pourquoi (why), comment (how), quand (when), combine de (how many/much),
où (where)

 Wh-word + est-ce que + declarative?

 Wh-word + interrogative? (inversion-pronoun/noun)
 Wh-word + declarative? / Declarative + Wh-word? (informal)

QUESTIONS WITH ADJECTIVE “QUEL”

Quel Mas.Sing Noun what…?

est-ce que + declarative?
Quelle Fem.Sing Noun what thing…?
interrogative? (inversion)
Quels Mas.Plurl Noun which thing…?
declarative? (voice pitch)
Quelles Fem.Plurl Noun

Quel Mas.Sing Noun ? what is…?

Quelle ÊTRE Fem.Sing Noun ? what are…?
Quels est Mas.Plurl Noun ?
Quelles sont Fem.Plurl Noun ?
QUESTIONS WITH PREPOSITIONS

Interrogative Words est-ce que + declarative?

Preposition qui, quoi, quand, interrogative? (inversion)
combien de declarative? (voice pitch)

À qui? : to whom D’où? : from where/where from

Avec qui? : with whom Depuis quand? : since when
De qui? : from whom Jusqu’à quand? : until when
Pour qui? : for whom Pendant combien de temps? : for how long
Par où? : through where Dans combien de temps : when?/in how much time

LIMITING QUESTIONS

Lequel de Which one…?

Laquelle de Which ones…?
Noun est-ce que + declarative?
Lesquels de
(plural) interrogative? (inversion)
Lesquelle
de declarative? (voice pitch)
s
Combien de Noun How much/many…?

CHAPTER 3: COMPLICATED SENTENCES

INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
MAIN CLAUSES