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materials available to the public, emphasjzlnq.pertlnent 'detalls that its readers. need-to ·
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. their .preparettons-for.the. bar, a;iilximizing their ·urre, by doing ·a.way:'with the need of ...
·.• · · reading .q lot of different review materlalscThus, the MemAid isthebarristers' much .' ·
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its legacy of service' and. excellence ln.helplnq •the barristers hurdle the· bar. It ii then
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·. "barristers as they· hurdle. the last leg ·'.of.their' journey towards.becomlnq the lawyers .
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2019 SAN. SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OP.l;RATIONS : .. .. :.-.. ., .- : .. : .. .. . il

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TABLE OFCONTENTS
1.~~~.1:~:~.~~-~.~-'~:~~::::::':::_::::::::::::::::·:::::::;'.::::::::::::::::::;:::::::::::::·:::'.:
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)\RTICLI= 3: DECLARATIONJ)F-·$_,ASIG:-PdllqY :·-·········:·:
ARTICLE 4: CON$T:RVC'l':IPN IN FAVOR o~ LABQ_R
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PRE-EMPLOYMENT:
-,::._._. ::: ; ;_'. : '. ,~ :.; _.. , .. :.: _.. .- : _. ..:;.- ;-;.,.;··~·:·.......... 7
.· ARTICLE 12: .STATEM~NT OF OBJECTIVES,., : ,.:'..: •. "···, ~;;,: ; , .. : ~ .. :., , · 7
..
·;_:.- .·
TffLE.ONE: Ri;:CRlJITMENTANp··_PLAC~MsNT (~)F-~ORf<ERS, : ..: .. .':,.. : : .. :.:, : .. .:.........• : :,.: ·· 7·

Gl:J~~~~L~-~;.ri::i~l~~b:~~.1.~~~.-:::'::·:::~:;:::::~:::;;::::::·'.:::'.:::~::::.::::·::::'.::/:''.:::::::.::::::::·:::'.::::;::::::.::_::::::~:~·. ;._ .
· ARTIC~E.1'4: EMPLO.YMENT'-.P~OM0TION-:;.~., ._: :: ,.:·,.:·· .. ;·:·:.: .. ,- : .. :i.·: :; · . 7
ARTIGLE 15: BUREA!J OF_.EMPlOYMENT SERVICES : .. : : .. ,, .. »:.:, .. : : ,..... · 8

.:~i:g~~ ~~; -:A;,y~1Eof:~;~~~~NJ:::_'.:::: ::·::::::·:::'.: -::'.::::::::::t·::::::·::::-:::::::.: : .:'. :.::: :~:::::::::::::::/::::·:.

.• ARTICLE 19:_ CO_MMIS$10N 6N ·Ffl,.IPINOS OVERSEAS :·-:"······ ·.-'.; .' i._.;·•• ; : ..•• ,;;, ..,.'. .. , -.::::.,;.. . ·?
· :
. ARTICLE 20; NATtQNAl SEAMEN.BO~_RD : : :«·.. .' :.. :: .. , ::: •.•. : : ..·.,,: ,: «, 8' ·
~:-.:. . ARTICLE 2'1: FOREIGN SERVlCFROLE AND -PARTICIPATION'.; ': .. .:.. ::.~~ :.::...................... . 8
.;.
( · · . ,°'!RTIGLE<?2,-M°ANDATO:RY·REMIITAI\ICE OF FGREIGN.·EXG}IANGE EARNINGS .. :....... 'g·
.;.;._
. CHAPTER 1-h ·REGULATION .'OF·RECRUITMENTAND PLACEMENT ACTIVITIES :.: : : .. .: . . .'10 .
~--.· ._ARTICL~ 2G: PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIP'i\TION IN nt.cn:u1TMENT.ANO ~LACEMENT ·. . : .
t...
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. ACTIVITIES., :: :., ; .. : ,.· :.. , ; :._.: , .•. _., •.. _. ..:.: , :··· a .-••••• 0.. , •• ,.:···,··· -10··.
~- ARTICLE 29: NON-TRANSFERABILITY· OF LICENSE:oR AUTHORITY : ::: : :... 12
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.. ARTICLE aq·: RE;~'ISTRATIQN.F.El;=~L ..~· :' : : ::· •., ."._;:: , \·:: .. _. :.:.'.: ..• :.'.::·.: .. .-:,.. ;.: ..: _.: ..:.· . 12
: ARTI_C~E 31°: BONDS .Q..R i=SCROW DEPOSJTS ·: .-.:· :.:,.;· ; :.. :: .. ;:: :'..-.:·.. ::7:.::.:::: •• .-.:.:. . · 12.
·:ARTICLE·32:··FEES. TO SE PAID BY WORKeRS : _ ; •.. .,, ,.:::, ..: ,.~ .. , · 13 ·,

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'ARTJC[E 33: REPORTS''ON.EMP.l,.OYMENT STATlJS

. . ARflCLg 34; PR0~1BlTED-PRACTICES ; .. ;; ........ :

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· ,°. -.ARJICLE_.3~: ILl;aE<:3AL,.RECRUITMENT.:_::.:.,::···· .. ;:· :·:··; .. _..,.:·,::.·,.:1 .. _:.. .-.::-, .. :,::;.. :::;,:
:.:: .. ::: : :, _..; 14
:.. ::·;··•·::·<; ·, ·.. : 15..
: ..... :..;, ... ,_.·.... :,, •._;.,:,_.:.::.····:··· .. ···;:.:: ..:,.- , ;.'... ..- .16
· . ARTl~~E- 35: ,SUSPE('.JSION A~D/OR CANGEl:.LATION OF UOE_NSE O_R AUTHORITY .; :.'.:'... . · 1Q · ·
. ARTICLE 36:·R,EGULA'TORY-P.OWER.:.: .. :: ~ : ,.: : ;: ;..• .-.:.:.:: .. ;•.: .- ; :.:. - . ·1·9 ·
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: ARTICLE 17: .PHl~IPPINE OVE.BSEA$ AND'-!::M_PLO"(MENT ADMIN.ISJAATION (PQEA) ..... : .. :.. .
. - . · 2~~t
1,i._:· ·. · E~P~OY~ENt · OF· ~O'N-ResibENT ~1::i'E~s,::.;.:.::< .... ,.:..:: .. :..~ ...... ,::··"·;_·_::·.,. .-;,._; .. : :.-.~: :·_-·'·:·.\;:.,, :... . . · ~!
j'. ARTICLE 40: EMf?LOYMENT PERMIT _9.F :NON-R!=,SI_Dl;:NTAUENS .· ;.- : ,., :.,_.. . . ..
m~~ -~- . · ARTICLE'41: P.-ROHIBITION AGAINST TRANSFER OF :EMPLOYMENT.-
ARTICLE 42:' SUBMISSIOf,J·OF ust :·.: :::.:, .. :.:,.:::.: .. : ::.'.: .. .- ::, :i.. : :'.: .. i.. .'
, : : ;, .. 26
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r.1(· . HUMAN RESO.UR°CES.• i:.•·.. :~.,:, .- ; ~, ,.:.~., .. : .., :··· .. ········~······; , :•.... ,.. :.. : .. :1 . :::. 26.
~y_: _ ·. tiTtE :ONE: NATIONAL _MANPOWER DEVELOPM~NT_ PROGRAIIII..:' ..~.. ; : : .- '._.. :;.': .. :.:' ;.';.~. . . 26- .
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. ·. , : .ARTICLE 43-~6: TJ;Ci-lNICAL EDUCATION ANO.SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY............
.: : .•.... ::.:'.:; .. .-.. : ..:__ .. : : .. 26
. ·26
· TITLE TWO:TRAfNINClAND __EMPLOYMENJ OF-SPECIAL WORKERS: , : ::, :·.. :. .-.: :···.-····'.'·. ··2e
CHAPTER I: APPRENTIC~~ :.;.:_ _.._. : ..•.. ; :., : : '.., ;.: · _.· ;.,: .. :, , ,.. . 27

2019 SAN
. SEDA
. .• . . .
LAWCENTAAUZED . BAR.OPERATIONS
' . . . . 1- v
 · TABLE o·.F. CONTENTS
. ._ .. P<f/ BfOA I.AW CENT~LlfED BAR.l.)l!~BA T/ON~, ~ t,1EM.OP..Y AID 2019.
'*4 W fES@PSMi S441 nt-+u&M >Wt 4 KitEH . SihdBI

AFhi°CLE 57:..STATl;MENT OF OBJE.CTIVES FOR-°;:HE TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT.OF.·

. SPE<::IAL.WORKERS .: : : .. : : : ..,,, - . .. : :.... 27·
ARTICI.£ 58: OEFINITION OF TERMS: . : :., e ••• ·•••• : -, : 27
. ARTICLE 59: QUALIFICATIONS OF. APPRENTICES .. , . .- _: :: ., :........ -27
· AR'rlCl:.E 60: EMPLOYMENT OF.APPRENTICES : .: :.: : :., :,.:. '?,] ·
A~TICLE 61: .CONT_ENTS OF APPRENTISHIP _AGRE_EMENT _ _ .' ,:, , :· 28
·ARTICLE 62: SI.GNING .. OF APPRENTICESHIP AGRE_EMENT ,.:: · : . .'... 28
. ' ARTIC~E 63: VENUE OF.APPRENTICESHIP _PROGRAM _ ..; : .- · ,::;.,... 28
ARTICLE 64:_.SP(?N$QRING·OF AP,PRENTICESHIP PROGRAMS ;: ,, : ,.' .. . 28
ARTICLE 65-67:VIOLATION OF-AP.PRENTICESHIP.AGREEMENT , , :............. . 28
. ,·_ARTICLE·~s:."fi.pi'J.-fup·E TEST~ .-.: _ .. : _.:.- , : :.:.: . .-., ..-,:-...-.,; .. , ..:: ..··: _ ., : .. : · 29
·ARTICLE 69: RESPONSIBILITY FOR.THEORETICAL INSTRUCTION .: : ; :......... . 29·
· "i\RTICll;-iO: VOLUNTARY o'RGNIZAT.ION OF APPRENTICESHIR PROGRAMS ,.; : , .. , 29 .
. ARTICL,E-i1 =.P~i?LiCTAS.ILITYOF TRAINING COSTS ..· ~ '.: _. :,.: .:.: ; ;:.:,· : ,.: .. . · · · 2299··, ·
· -ARTICLE 72: APPRENT.1,CESWITHOUT COMPESANTION ; :.: ,- ;., .. , : , : .
CHAPTE.R II: LEARNER.S .::.. : .. : _ :.. :._ _. r ., ••. :_. .. ; :.:.: ,, , : _..: •• _ '.· _·._:·3300··.
. · ARTICl:.E 73: .LE,ARNERS DEFINED - : :.: : ; :: : - - .
. ARTICLE-74: WHE'N LEA.RNERS MAY.BE HIRED:." ;,.: : : ; : .. : ..•. .':.. : : .-......... 30,.
ARTICLE 75: LEARNERSHiP'AGREEMENT : : : , : .. ::.,.· .. : : •. '· · · ·30
ARTIG_L~· 76: l.l;:t\RN_ERS ·1.N ..Pl~QEWORK: _ · .; _.:- .i.: : :.. ,, .. ,., .. _::.:·.-.: '... :.... • . 30

. ARTICL~ 77: P,EN.A~TY CLAUSE : , _. _.,.: : :: .. ~,.: _._:._ ; ,.-,·. · . · 31 .

CHAPTER.Ill: HANmCAPPED WORKE~S : ,:· : , : _., .. ·.: :: :::.. : : · 31 .·
A~TICLE _7~: _DEFIN[flON .:.: .. : _ .. .".. :.: :_.~ _. :._. : .._ " _. ..:.. ,:.:.: : .-.:···:..... . . 31' .
, ARTICLE 79:· WHEN ·ts· A HAN DICAPP.ED WORKER EMPLOYABLE , , :·.: :.. ·. · 31
. _ARTiCLE 80: _E~f>~()YME,NT.AGREEMENT GONTENTS : ...~ ..: _.:,._: :_.: ;.,,:·~; I: :.:_. : 32
. AR'flCLE 81",,EUGl~ILQY .FOR APPRE_NTICESHIP : ,., _., : ·.·:··,···:···: , _.,: :... 34

· CONDiTiONS OF EMPLOYMENT ~.- : , , :;_... : ::.. , : .-:, :,,: :.:: : , 34

. TITLE ·I, WO.R.KI_N.~ C.(?ND~TION$ AND "R~S! PERIODS :_.:.: _..,_: ::/.:._. .. :·······,•., .. :./-:.,.~ :_ ,.:.-:.· 34

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, ·AR'TICLE 86, NIGHTSHIFT-OIFF.ERENTIAL , . .-•.. , ,: : :.-, :.:.: , -.: :.. ;,.._ ·..-.. / · 4,3 · .
: . ARTICLE·s.7: OVERTIME.WO!iK .- : .. : ,:.. , : : .• :.:: ,.: ." , ; -.: , ..•.. ,::..... . 44
:. -ARTIGL!; tis:·l)Nt;-1~_fff1"'1E Nby-'QFFSET sv·oyi;RTIM!;: .._.~..:..: ..'·.:.- _.- .. ,~.' :..:._ ;,,:.- :·., . :' ·so
.. .• . . , .. ART)CLE ·89:' EMER$EN<:;Y,.OVERJIM~ IJVORK:.-::·..,:·'-'.";,, ..,, ,;,;:_.:._ .., .. ;., .. .- ;:•.:.., _. ,,.. .- _.· ·.. 51 . · .
. · .. ·., : A~JrC,LI;:_90: :C:M-~UrAT:I~~·(?F ~°.Dl~I O~AL. C_OM~ENS~ TIO~.';·"'. .i~ '., .. :·: ·::,·.·.\t·'·:'."·:·i'-'_:·:..:·_._ . : . 51
· "WEEKLY:REST PERIOD: ; , : , :.: : .- : : ~ : : , ··. . 51
. · ARTICLE,91; .RfGH'.f"TO A WEEKI,..Y-·RE~T ·o.AY. ...-.:.,.. ." ,.:~,-:, .-, :.: _ : : : .. · '..:: :.: .-: ::·.: : 51
·.- ARTl,CI-E·92°: WHEN:E.MPLOYER MAYREQUIRE'WORK ON.REST DAY : ::~ . .: :.: .. :.. ·· :· · 51·
"AR"J:'.ICLE ~3: C_OMP!:.NSAJ"ION FOR R~ST DAY:.su·NDAY., .OR HOLIPAfWORK, ,:i:.. ::.:.-.:.: ',. · 52"
: · · ~~Ll~~y _·PAY ~.:.,: .. ; ;:~:.i '.;:,:: :~_. ..;, ,·...: '... .-.:..;~.\ ~·
i.,,.~:;.· :::. ." :,;;_.:.:,;; .. :·.·..:::.:-,. .- :.~:.~.:.: : :·.. . 52
. · CHAPTER Ill: HOLIOAYS, SER\'.'.l.<;;EJN_CE:r:1y~_LEAV.ES, AND SERVICE Cl:fARG~S , : •.•.... :: _.. _52
· . -ARTIC~_I;:,~~~ Rl~HTTO HOLIDAY PAY ·:.: :._:_ _.,.-.. : ,.: . .-:······: : .. : .. , :.._ , .. : : _ ;.:· . ~2.

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·CHAPTER.I: .PRELIMlr-lAR.Y MATTERS· _. _. : _. :._. : ........• ,:.:., : ,, :······:: ::.. _· · 58. ·.

:.-ARTICLE 97:· DEFINITfON~ ..:.. : :., .. :···: ~.• : : ; :. .-: ,; .. : : .. ; , :...-.. 58

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BAR.OPERATIONS
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SAN :BEDA tAW.CE/<J7:RA[IZ£Q BAR Q"P£RAJ:IONS,- MEM.OR'(l\)D.-20'19·

.LABOR ORGANIZATION .. , ~ : ; •••• : ...•..•.. :·......•..•. ~ ••.• : , '; ~ .. .-.~ :········::.... 87 .

REGISTRATION AND CA_NCELLATiQN .. '..: ;.: : . .- , .. :' :,;;: :.. : •• , ..: .., :·.. ·. 87 .
. · ARTICU~ 240: REQUIR~MENTS"FOR R~Gl$TRATION .· ; ....•.. , , .- :.:..... :. 89
. ARTIGLE-241: CHARTERING:.\NDCREATIONOF LOCAL CHAPTER : : '..'. · 89
ARTICLE 242: ACTION ON~APPLICATION : : •...... .- : : : .. ···:····: ,., . .,; , . 93
A.fHICLE.243: DENIAL.OF REGISTRATION; APP'=AL .. : .- , _. :................... 93.
· ARTICLE _244: ADDIT!ONA.LREQUIREMENTS FOR FEDERATIONS ORNAT.IONAL UNIONS.. . .94
ARTICLE 245:· CANCELLATIO_NOF·R.EGIS_TRJ.\"flO_N.: .- ;:·····: ..'',: .. : .._. .. ~:.; '. ~ : .. .-..... 94
ARTICLE 246:.EFFECT OF APET.ITIQN FOR CANCELLATION OF RE(31STRATION .: · 94
·,· ARTICLE 2471GROUNbS,FOR CANCELLATION OF;UN"IONREGIS'T"RATlbN ...•......... :- ; · 94
A.RTICuE 24Ei":°VOLUN°TARY:~·ANC~lLA'rfON OF REGiSTRATION : .. .. .: .,.. , .: .. : 95
~RJ.ICLE 249: l;:QUITY.-OF THE .IN;CUMBENT _. •._ ...,.:: .. : ..•...... _: :.. ,~i......•........ : :.,: :,.,. 95·
ARTICLE 250: RIGHTS AND.CONDITIONS OF MEMBERSHJP··IN ALABOR ORGANtZATION .. . 95
cHAPTE~ 11i": R1GHr.s.oi=.LEGiT1MAJE::.oR~ANIZAT10Ns , .. : :· ·.:: •.... , .. , :: ::: :_.. :· , .. ; ....• .- 91
.. ARTICLE 251: RI.GHTS OF~ LEGITIMATE .LABOR O.RGAr:,J.10TION , .. : . .- .. .:.. : ......•. ,, '. . .: .. '. -, .. 97 · ·
·· ARTICLE.25?; REPORTO.RIALJ~EQ!)IR~MENTS,.......•. : ,.·., .. : :, , : :· :.:,: : .. : ..•... 97 .
. . TITLE.l=I\_/E:. COVERAGE'.· :;-::: ; .-:;.;-, , ; .. : :.-.:., _,:, '. .': .. : ·.. ,.-.: :......• , .-., ...- :, ,.: ..•.. : : . r: ". 97 ·
.. ARTICLE ~53_::coV,ERAGE_AND"EMPLOYEES' Rl!3HT TO SELF~·o~C3~NIZATION· .. :,.·-- · .97
~~~:gt~-~~r ~~~~1~iL~pdi~;.~;_~e~Itii~Li~::~1~5:j"6"iN'iNY·°i~~BO~:···:·:: .. ;..... 98

. ~;-?i~t~~lt~t;~~~6~~litJ=s~6~~:1~~:~~1~0'1iMP.LOYEES°bfrr~ioE-\Ht· ~-- · 1°0

BARGAINING \;JNIT.·.,.: :, _:.: : .- ,:, ...•................. ; ,:: , ..:·.~·::(. .......•.. : , ,.. .- ·.1'02 .
. , ~RTICLE 257: NON-ABRIDGEMENT OF.THE RrG~T TO SELF ORGANIZATION .... : ...-: :·····--··. · 102 ·.

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ARl;(CLE ~58::GONCEPT 9F. UNFAIR LA~O~ PRACTICE ANDPROC~DURE·FOR iH_E. · · ·
PROSE.CUTION T.HEREOF... '.., ..,:•. , .• : .•..,.,.:.; ..• :.::_. : : .. , :.· .. _; ; .. : : ." :: : :.:... . 1.02
:.:ARTICLE 259:.. UNFAIR·~B_OR.PRACT.ICltOF-'1.'l:-IEEMPLOY~R-..::: ..•·.,.:.,:.~ ..-~·-,:: ..• :.~ .. :.. : .. ,::.; ..:. ··. : 1100.38___ "
. ARTIC!..E 29.Q: ,UNFAIR LA1;30RPRACTIC.ES'..OF.tABOR.ORGANI_ZATIONs· :., .. ::.. :; .. : : .·

· COLLECTIVE BARGAININ°G AGRESMENT :;.~:·,:.;-.; ;; .•. :~:, , ..: .. ~, ...• : .•. ::: .• ,.: '. .. ,, : :.: •.. · . 109
TITLE ~iEVEN: COLL_EGTIVE BAR~Ait~Jlt·jG,AND@MINfSTRATlbN-°·oFAGR:EEMENT~L :······--. '. ·1.oi
· . ·oE;Cl,.ARATION OF-POl,J,9.Y.;,::., ..::.:: :.. ::.,,:,.: :.: ·.,,,· .•.. '. ~·.. :.: :.-, ; :, :., , :, , ......• ,... · · ·: ·109
.' ARTICLE ..261: PROCEDURJ='II\J COLLECTIVE BARGAINING,: .......• ; :.: .. : .. :,., .. :~ ,.:::: .. :::....,.,... · . : 109 .
. ·. ARTICU2 262: DUTY TO BARGAtN·GOLLE:CTIVELYIN THE ABSENCE. OF: COLLECTIVE , · · . .
· . · ·BARGAIN.ING ::·.. :.. :_ : :: :,:.: .. :"::.: .. ;.: :.~ .. , -.:,.::.:~.;~: .. ., :.,._ :.:.:.i :·:.:: ;: : .. :: :.., :;. . . 1,09 ·
:.· ART.LCLE2J33: MEANING OF DUTY TO BARGAIN. COLLE_GTIV~LY•. :,.;..:.. :,.. : , ;.. ,:: ,:.;:; -; ·. : . 1"09
.. · ARTICLE 264:.DUTY·TO,BAR~AIN COLLECilVEL-YWHEN Tl;iE"F~·E·EXIST$ A COLLECTIVE·· .
. .. 6.ARGAINl°NG.AGREEMENT:: .-:; ..:.:.::.- : ,.-.. : :.::- · .- ::.: ::: : ,- :: : ..: .. : .•... ::, : .. : . .-.. ··. . · .109 ..
·ARTlGLE2~5: TE~MS·OFACOLLECTIVE BAR(lAINING·AGREEMENt : : ;,,: .' ,.:.:.. 114
· ARTICLE 266:--iNJUNQTJON "f?ROHIBITEt;L ....•. : : : ;._. : : : .•.... :.:::.:.. : .-.. : .. ,: , · . ·; 1°16 ,, ..
. -EXCLUSIVE BARGAININ(;
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•. :· ARTICLE 268: REPRESENT'ATION I.SSUE'IN ORGAf..tlZED ESTABLISHMENTS': ..· ; . .':...•. :.,... · 1'1-7
:'.°ART!CLI; 269:PETITIONS IN".UNORGANIZ6D.ESTABLISf-!ME.NTS ..."... ,.':°::: .. .' : .. : :.,:.. i..... :: .. ,, · : , 117
,. . .
· ARTIClE 270: WHEN .... AN . EMPLOYER
. MAY
. .F.ILE; PETITION . : :.:,::.:, ,:: . ;._ . ,:. ·117

. . . . . ·; "SE!3A:~~RTIF[~Ati6N._..''.:··:·'.-'''.':._,.:'.'.'·;:··_·;:;._. ,..':.. '.:··:::.: ....• _: ••• ;;.: ••::~ :'..:_._.:-.,.·'.·~·.::~: :'. _ : .. :,.;: .. :.:_.:·: : . _11 {3

CERTIFICATION ELECTION: : .. :., ••_•• ;:··•'···:····: :..•: ~ ~'. .. .".•. : :: ; , : .. ;, , .-::. ·. 1_ 1~

· · ARTICLE ·271: EMP~OY.ERAS BY~TANDE~ ~.: .,: :: :.:·-·······.-: : .. :..•.. :· : ;:, · 131 ·.
· .ARTICLE·272:Af:>P~[ FROM CERTIFICATION El.ECTIO~ OR~ERS _. _._. :·'··· .. ·····:··.·'··-.-· · 131

· . viii. I "2019
. SAN BEDA.LAWCENTRALiZED
. . BAR OPERATIONS
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fi.- TAe·LE -. 0-F, CON:TENTS.

~~: 'SAN BED/\ Ui.W "<;q/TRAtlZEO BAR OP.ERATIONS - 'MEMOf-Y. A/0.,?alg,..
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. ACTIVITIE~.,- : . ., : .. : ,
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. A_RTICLE280: IMPROVED O,FFERBALhOTING .. :.: ;.: .. :! _. ..: : 141 , :
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[:· ART.l(:;LE 28·1: .REQUI.R.l;:MENT FOR ARREST AND QETENTION ,........................................ . . 14-1'
t~,· c·HAPTER TWO: ASSISTANCE-TO LA.BOR' :·.. : :.:,;.; .. : .. , , , ., , : . : .. ,. :.. : 141
~:·. · · ARTIGLE 282: A$Sl~TAN.C.E BY.THE D.EP.ARTMENT OF lABOR : .. :: ; , :.... 141 .
!;k . . , Af3TICLE 283: ASSISTA_NCE ~y THE INSTIJUf.E OF LABOR-AND·MA_NPOWER STUDIE_S...... 141- ..
({t . FOREIGl'J ACTIVITIES: , ::. : i; •• ,:•..•..• , : :·•... : .. :.: •. ~ ...•....: .•..•...•... , .. :•..•••. :, .. r ••• ,:. _ 1_42· ·
~(. CHAPTER Tl-:iREE: F.OREIC3NACTiVITIJ=S .. :·:~: :.:.:., .. : : •...- :, .;.. · .. :.: :.. · .' ··142 ·.
Q)r. ;ARTiCLE 2~4:--PRQtllBJTtONAGAfNST ALIEN.s~·,EXCEPTION~·.,.;· ~: ·~:.: {.. .':~~ .:.. ,.: .': ..·. . '142

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~S:i · CHAPT1::R FOUR: PENAL TIES.FORVibL.;\TION ······:··· .. .. :.~: : .. , .. , : : : , , ,.......... .. 14~(
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.. · ARJICL!: 287.:· PENALTIES.: _,· .. : ':.. .: :.: : : .. .: ...•.... : :; : .. .' .. .. : , · . 1.42
. _
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TITLE NINE;: SPliCtAl-PROVI.SION_S .•._.: .' .; , ..:.; .: : :._.................. 142
r•, , ARTICLE 288: STUDY OF LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATJONS ::.: : :: . .'.................... 142
0" · . ·. ARTICLE 289: Vl$1"tORtAL' POW-ERs ..: .. , - :::-;.-: , .. ::: · , :.. ;., : :.. 143
~:' . . ARTICLE 290:. fRIPARTISM AND TRIPARTITE"CONFERENCES·· : ,.: .. , .. : :.......... 143
~ .. · · ARTICLE 291: 'GOVERNMENT: EMPLOYEES : : : ; .. : : .. .':: :......... .143
t:'. . ·. ·
ARTICLE:2~2: M!S..C.1::UANE:OUS .PRO.VISIONS.' .....................•..... :.- .' :·-·,;_.:, ..:.· .. :.: : , ·.143

1~
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POST.-EMPL.OYMENl'
ART_ICLE 293: COVERAGE .. :.?., .. ,
:·-.:;
· TITLE ONE: TERMINATION .OF EMPLOYMENT . .'.. :.:
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i.r.· . .. ART.IClE 2~: SECURITY ~F' TENURE- ·. . _-_.-.. _ _. : ·: ·.. 14~

t -:. - . Kl~;~ ·oF. EMPLOYM·ri~-i ·L:.: ::: :::J.. .-,:.,.i : :~.. ; --~ . .-.. : :.:::. :: :· : : .-: .-:, :: : .. .-.~.: · :. 147
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ARTl~LE 295: RE_GULAR AND CASUAL_Ef¥PLOYMENT .:
ARTICLE 296:-PROBATIONARY EMPLO'¥MENT :..' :
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SECURITY GUARDS AND OTHEij.' PRIVAT_E:SECURITYP.ERSONNEb. IN THE·PRIVATE · ' ·. ·
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r1"·~\..~-~.-~:·_··. ' TE.-._MINA'TION
l"I, I"' , • OF EMPLOYME
, ...Ill1T ""'"'"'••.•••••••••••••••••.,;••••••••
.· . . . ·_ .- .· .· . ·.· ·.
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ff.:. . . · ARTlC~E
2~7: T~RMINATl'QN BY: EMPLQYER .• : : : ; : : ~ :.: :._, ·.· 159
~·· .. · . . ARTlCL:E 298._Cl:P,Sl;IRE ()F ESTAB1:_1:3HMENTAND REDUCT!O~ OF PER.~9N!'JE~ ····:'···:···_- .· .168
lr,.;1.· .. ·• ARTICLE 299: DISEASEAS.GROUND.FQR.TERM_INATIQN , , :.- : ::., ,,.,.. 168
j;·. . · · ARTICJ.;E '3'00: TERMINATION BY EMPLOYEE ;·.. .:.' : :~ : '. :,: . .' :.-.::.. :.. .-.::: : :. . .._ 173 ..
~t; · ARTIQLE 301:"\Nl:-iEN EMPLOYMENT NOT-TERMINATED:.' .. : .. .-., , : . .' .: .-. .'.:.: ;.'.: ;.:· . ·174 .
~;.. . ~· ARTI.CLE 302: RETIREME:NT FRQMTH.E SERVICE--: :.'... :: .. : : ., .. :.:.: :::· :.,:, : .. : :.~. · 176 ·.
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~:-.: •·••·· :.: •. · ·, . .. .185
It. :
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· . ARTICLE 274:'JU~ISDiCJl(?N OF VOLUNTARY JI.RBl~~ATORS. OR PANEL OF.VOLUNTARY. ',189

ARBITRATORS .. : .. : : , .: .. : : : ,. :.· :.· .. :: .

'SINGL:E'ENTRY.·APPROACH (SENA) AND ITS IMPLEMENTrNG ~Ul,.ES AND·REGULATIONS ·••~. · 195

... ~()·~ .A~BITE~ · ., .. :_:'. ::.:,::··ou ..:.:·-·-·:·· =>: : _...: : : :_ : :_.: : ..~.._;'.., :.·:·····:.: r:": _.: ., 200

NAr1o~At:·LAe6·~· RELAT10Ns.co!YIM1ssioN : , .. .'.: ..•.. , .. • : ..~ ..• : , .•. :.:~.;:.::.:.: 205'

. ·'A~l:!C.LE 220: NATIONAi,.' LABOR RELATIONS Cb.MMJSSION .:·.,.., :,.: ..... :.:, :..:.: ..~.: : , . 205·.
· . ·. ARTICLE.24.1: HEADOµA~:rERS, BRANCHE:;3(.AND PROYINCIAl EXTENSION tJNlTS ; ,. 206. :
··. 'AR:neLE 222: APOINTMENT'ANO QUAl.:.IFICATIONS .. : : , ;.::.: :.:.,, ; .. , .. ; .. ., 208
.. · .. ARTICLE 223:'SA[ARIES •. Bl;NE;FfTS AND·OTHER Et\11.0LUMENTS., ~ .. . .. : : .. ·.. 209'
.: . : ·:.·ARTICLE224: JURISDICTION'QF.THECOMMISSl.bN.: : , , : , , : .. ,:.'. :: ::·209'
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01=· P~OC!i;OUR~· :: ::.:: ...• :....•... .... :..:..• :.:::.·.•:: •..~•.. : ,.;;.,.:;,.:, ,... 210

BUREAU. OF LAB(?R RELATIONS ... .. . .:.•:...... '..:~:······-'··: .. :...-...:...•. ,.: ..'.,..: ..,.'. ..., ..:...• ,.L . :...... .. .. :.:·~····:,. 232
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. . . N,ATIONAL.C<;>NCIL,lATION AND ·MEDIATION .BOARD ., : : ..• :.'.....•...• ;,.· :.•• i ~ . 236

,.
· · ~O~E-.ftEGl~t.iAL.
.
~;R~C·TORS., .: : :: ~: .-.. ::. ::.. ; .. :::: .L. .: :.. · ., . ...:-:::.~ .:..~: _:..,.. ··-':·· . .. 239·.

:.[IQLE.'SECREJ'ARY .•.••• : : •..... '.·.~.; .: .. :·:.:: :: ....•. : .•. : .•. : •.•. .'.::::: ~ ;·.•• : ·.~.;.: .. :: ,.: •.::·.: ....• , . · :244 ·
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· · · •. PijESCRIPTIQN. OF .. OfF)SNsEs··ANo"c:'LAi~s ·::';·..:..:: :·;.., ; : .. ;,; ';: ::..:::: i.. :............... · ··249
. · AR:TICLE 305: OfF.ENSE$ ..~.; : : · :.:.: -- '., .. ~ · , .. :.: _.. :: .. : ,:.. : .. ,: ;......... . 250
. . . · ·.. AR'rlCLE 306:· MONEY.'CLAIMS •.. _ .. , : : :.: .- :: : : :: ~.. .-.:....... · · 251
. . ·.. ~RT'iCL,E 307:'INSTIT!)TION oi:: 'MONE)' .. c'LJWviS'·.::.:: : .. ;;: ::,.: :,: :, ..:.'..:.:~a.: : .'.'·.2p1'
·, . f.L~~~~~~:--·'··:.. ::.: .. :.:,··-'"· ,,; : ··:·····_··/ :.:·:··· :.. '..7"':· ···'::···'.:· ..: : .. :..•.. ·., •. , ~ .. : .. '. :\ ::.:..:. 252 ·

.
. -·SO·~-~~~VtE~Ft~E_L)G\~L~TJQN:.:.;,::.--~,:.:~·:·/:.:·:•u~.,. :·::u~u·.: ..~:.,:u·:\.::..:.~·.. :., :.:::~.::i.:: ..:::,/\ :.:.:.:~.·., · · 260. ,,
. E;MP·LOY!:;ESCOMPENSATlON AN.D .STATE INSURANC.E.F.UND.: :,.v'. •.• : : ..:.; ,.;,; ·:. ·260·

.-E~~~';.t8ci·;~frJrt::.~?~.~~.: : ·: ::: : ·: : : : .: : \: : ~:~: : :'.: : ::'.: ::.: -: ·: ·::::::'.: : : .\:~~:: ~::: : '.:'.:::.: : .. ·. :~:~ · · ·
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ART.IC~E .180: LIABILIT'(O.F. TH!Rb ,PARTI!;:$.: : : ......•. ":·, :: :.: .. , .. : : .' : . .'...•. : , 263 .
. -,J\RTICL:E. 1 t3.1: D!;PRIVATIOl\!..OF Bl;NEFl!';S:.:: ,:.:
:. : :;,.,:., : :.- ,.: : .. : ..: : ,:.: _.,.:. . 26.3 .. · •
: . · AR,"flCtE_ 18~.: E~PLOYEE,S' COMP~NSAJJON COMM.ISS!O!'L .. ,
.. , ,.: .. ::.~., :.;.:.; : . .-•. ~ .. ::,.: · ··253.
· ARTICLE t7.4;: COMPULSORY.COVl;:~G~:
· , .. : ,., , ..,.:, · :··',.: , , ,; :. .. ··264 ·
. ARTICL;E '176; E.FFECTIVITY 'OF CQV!=Rf..GE:, :.": : : .., ':..:.::.:.,.·: · ', ,: : .' ,.:::,.:: · ·.. '264 ·
. ·,:. FLQW0HART ;·,.:: .. ;;.: .: , ., .., .,.:: , :· , : ,. .., :: : . :.: ·~ .. ; .-.·.; , . : : .. ,.;; .:.- : .. : ., .•.. : ; .. .'.. ·.. .277. -.
SO~IAI:..~EC'O RITY
$Y$1'.,E;M,(R.:A.. NCL 1161 ·, 'AS -AMENDED'
BY 'R.A.- NO. sis2) :........ : ... , ..•.; •. :•.•.. , · . 278 ..
~QV'=RNMENT.~E~VJC_l: INSURANCE.~YSTEM:.(R ..A.··~O. ·a~9.1°)_.: ,,.:, •. ,.;- ,.,:. .';.:.•... :,. .. :·.:: ....• :;~:' •• · 288 ..
- • • •• • •• • ... • • • .i,... • ·.. • ••• • •, •••• .'. '.'.: • ·; •••• :. • • ••• : ••••••• • •

. · LIMltED PORTABILITY LAV':/ (R.A. NCl:..76~9) .• '..,, .•..•. .'.·,.•,.:.:.: •••.. : .. , :•..•..•. :: .. ,:, ••.. :..••.... :: .••.. , .. , .. ; ·, · 295

.... ·. NATIO·N~ H.EAlT:fi;!~~u~e.~··~cT·~F:20~3.; ·.' ·· .. ·. · ~ ·.·:_·. ·. · .. ·.. ·;. ·: .· · '< .

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. . .. ·:. ~Ai;E~.Nl~'LEAVE\R.~ N·9·. ~.18;):::_: :·;.:~.~- :t~ : ,:.~.~: : : :.,:., :: :_. ~-'···~·: :..... 309 ..

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.X · 1. 2019 SAN. SEDA

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. BAR. OP.ERA
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MATERNiTY LEAVE· csecTioN 14~A ..OF R:A. No . .-1161, AS AMEN_D.ED·BY R.A: No. 7322: . .
FURTHER A~ENDED ~y R.A. NO. ·s-282) ; •..• : : ::. .-., ..• :, : :.-.. : •. , : .. 310-
.. . ' . ._.(' . . . ·.
PARENTAL 1.:EAVE_ FOR..SQLO 1:'.ARENTS ..{~.A. NO. 8972) _; ..•......... , .._. .. : : :.:312 :.
., ·.
'-·_. LEAVE Fok v1GT1Ms or v10LENce AGA1iiis,-·.wc>i1t=N AN~ THEIR cH1LiJREN (R.A. No. 92a2> . 313
.. ~PEC:IAL.{E~~-!=·FOR WO.M·E~, <R. A:: No: 971. 0) ~,.: .. : .•.., . .-:, .. :.~·./- .- ~.. ~.-.::·.·:.~ .. :u .. ~ - -·i: ·.~: ::. 314

:=~- .. .·.s~ectAL
~~OlJPS OF EMPt:._ovees_•• ;; ; ,_ . ,; •... .. .v., : ,;_:.:.:.: :,, •..•.•.. ::~ .. -~.:: .. :. .- ::.: 31$
TITLErllbWQRKING CO~DITIQNS·.OF ~pECIAl. GROUPS OF.EMPLOYEES-. :.: .; .. 315-
;~ .. CHAPTER-1:·EMP.LOYMENT OFWOMEN: ,ur. ::., : •••~;~ ••:•••.•.•.•••• : •. u,,, .•.•..•• ~ •...•.•. :.: ,u,':, . 31-5
::: · . . :·ARTICLE ~30:·fACIUTIES.F.OR\N_C>ME;N· , :.: .-.: · .; . : .- .. · 315
, · : · AR.TlCLE-131:.MATERNITY [EAVE·aENEFITS.: : : ,.'.: : .. : _.::, . .- , .. 3.·15
-. ' ARTICLE 1'32: FAMILYPL.~NNING S~RVl~f;:S;·fNC.ENTIVES , .. .'; .. :, _. ; ., : . . 315; ·
?· · . A:TICLE ?3_\ D.l~C~IMIN~Tl~N~~_()f.!~1.TED : :.:: _:. .' : :•. .' : ..: .. : : : .:: .. :· . . 315
. 316
''.,. . . :A· TICLE .34: ST P LA'fl · N.: .: G . ~J~-- ARRIAGE , _.: : ..- '.- '. ,._: .
· ·. A~TICLE·1;3!;>:· PR9HIBIT,ED A.CT~ -.: ...•. ,.. : , , , · : .. .i: 1 : :: :-•• . 316
(: ·_'ARTICLE. ~36};LASS.IFICATIO~ 0.~.Cl;RT~.!N \IYOMEN.WOR~~S '.·...•.. : .- . 316

. -, . . MAGNA.. CART A 'OF -WOMEN ..~ :..: :.: ~·.. ,; : ,. ~.; .. ~ ~.~ .:.. . ., . ~: . 317

r,. . .
' -• • • •' I • ,• • • • , J, ' • , 1 , : ' ~ : • ' • <

A.N~'-~-~~XUAL HARAS¥MEN,TA~T-(R.A.·N·o 1a1'7)-:.:.._::.: : :··: .. :··· :: _. :. 319

·:' ' · EMPLOYMENT C>F MINORS •.....•.•.••• : .. ~ ..•.•• :., , :· ;; •.....•....• ~ : ...•. ; :·•...........•..• ~ ::••... : :........ · 321 .
;; · _.. ART.ICLE 137:.MiNIMUM·EM.PLOY:Al:31,..E AGE.: ..:.. : : .. , , : ·: .-..· : ~ : :.:_.." , · 321
,.1 : . · • '. \ A~TIClE
• ·•..
138:·PROHIBIT'ION
•. •
AGAINST
.. • •
CHILD
• ••
DISCRIMINATION
• •..• · • !
... :..; . , •
:...;, . , : · 322

t:; . EMPL~YME~_TOF HO~~E_H~~t:>~~-s ::·._;·:··.:~·_; _ :._._ , .. : :·::•. :·~ , ..:·::······:·:-::·:· :.'.::'e···· .. ····; ·. ·. 32~.
:_ ., ·. · EMPLO'f.MENT:·Of.HQ~EWOl:lKERS ··:···: , _::•.. :···: .•....•.... , .•... _. :: ::.....••.... '. :.. .. · 329 .
!, · · . ARTICLE 15.t: REGULATION OF INDSUTRlALHOMEWORKERS ··" .. ,:: <: (········: · 329
f .· ARTIGLE 152: REGUlATfONS_OF SECRETARY OF LABOR :._. , :·:.. : - : · . 330
~· . Af$TIC:LE: r?.r
DISTRIBUT!pN OF·~_OM~ORK , ;.:· , _. :........ 330 .

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. ARTI.CLE 156:::M,ANDATOR'(FACILJ_TIES
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"'{. , .. · ARflCLE .160:. SOCJA[: SER'l<I.CES._ ·:·:····,···,; .-
, ..:· .. ····:·····:·,············:···_:....... . _33_2
~, · · -ARTICLE 16,1.: NIGHT-WORK SCHl=DULE · : .-: .. :: : : :... . 33i ··
;-... ~.) . ··, __ .··. .... :, .· . ·.... ~· ~:-· -~ .: , ·. · .. · ···. ';". . . ·.. .· .·· .
"' EXP.ANDED SENIOR CITIZEN!S AGT (it.A. NO: 9_994) ;:.;.~··············:.-., , , ~ ....•.. c: :.: . 3;32:
t. : .J6s~_TA~/~~HILl~.~-·~E;S ~~ '(_R'.~- N-~-- ~-~~~~) :: :/ ;.-:~.. :·.~..: ..•....~.::· ..~:/.v::- _: : : /. . ~34

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.. . . "P.HE TENANt, EMAN(:;IPATION.LAW {P.O. ·27) .. ,, .. .', .. : .'., : : : ;:: .. ,, . 342
THE coo1;;·0F AGRARIAN REFORMS '(R.A: .No.·3~4):.'.1 :.: :., .. : .-: , .. :.: : ,.: : · •. 342
..... ·. -. . ',• . .
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. . ' . .
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L. ·-E-:-.
-_IT_._
.-·
__.I ·
co'mply ;_.,,ith and to which ernpl.oyees are entitled ·
as a matter of legal right; it d~'als with· th~
minimum ·requirem.entsprescribed-by existirg
law~. rules and re·g4latio11s. relating fo wages!
~ CHAPTER. I: GENERAL PRO.VIS19NS hours of· worl<,' 'cost-of-living ·:anowaric·e, and .
~i. ·. . . ~. ' . ot!'l"~r . monetarY and welf.are. benefits. : (1
k= .ARTICLE 1: NAME OF BECREE AZUCf=NA, supra °lflf-.7~'8); and
tr The Decreeshall be known as theJ.abor Code of the 2.Labor Re!atl~n~·defines the status, righf$,'·and
ri: . . . .
c'i' ·

" , Lab.o'r
' -. : :_. '· .
Philippines (PD 'No 442 as amended, Art. 1).
t• • • -
·. duties, and ttie'·instituiion~1·· .mechanlsms ' that.
goyein'the· individual and. collective. interactions
0f . ·: employers, employees, · '. or . their
t :_·
~.(:.· .
1.: . lt js 'the exertion. by human beinqs of phys_i?al or
· ment~I ~fforts, or.both, towards the production of
· representatlves (1. AZUCENA, supra at. 8). ·:...
. . .
' 'g9ods and services. ·. . . · · ,_ .Note-:. Laboi'.'.R.e!aHons laws, en.ablf;l . .;,..orl<,ers', to . ·
.. z. It also· means that sector or group in ~ society
~--~_2,_,' . · . .obtaln 'from. their. employers . more than the '.'-
~. which 'darives·it~ li'(eli)'lo'Cid.chiefly from. renoi~ion· · n:iinimum benefits.set by the labor standards: law
l.s·· · ·of; work , ·or . services · '..ii") exchanqe'. for .. · (ALCANTAR.A, R'av_iff!wer- in Lebor.ena Social
ft
t..
compensation · .under ... .rrianaqeriaf direction
· · (MENDOZA, P.hilippine Labor· StancJ.ar~s an~ . ,:.~
·. Legislation _200!3, . . p: 2) > [hereinafter.
-, · ALCANTARA, R$.v/ewer]. · ··. , . : . . . · · , ·
t .Welfar(J·Legfs/ati9n (2001),. p. 3). [heremaftevr.r~:-i·: · . . . .: · . · · .. . . .. .
f< M~ivDOZ(',]. ', . . .. . : . /::_./:?/'!:>,
~,1)01Jgf) th~ distinction between._Jabo_r standards ,•
t·. . · .
If
.: ,
·_AR!IC.L~ 2:.D.J\TE OF EFF.ECTIVITY . .
· . ·_ · . f. .-;;;,'t:(.-if/ .. OJ'h4 _la~r rel~_tioi:Js_i.~ useful._for academic p_u_rpo~es,
\.1 t;.,0( t,jq/~Y. .9y_erla,P.,t!lt~ahty,,_For 1nstaricet t.he.gn~varic~
:'-' . The' L_ab9r ~ode-,-took e~ect on N_o.ve_m_ber.. 1,·_ W7t\:;:tlr.,,
~!,_':_~.·-
•.":.·:·~.·.· .or'six (6) months :~tter its. proi;nulgatlon. _BJJ.}'la_y1',v
Lro~rijn.~1:,si Jabor_rela~ions · rnatter but. v.ery·often
· · the ~bjEiet·.~1~t=1·compl~mt is labor stantlards such
~~ , · 1974 (LAB9R (;OQE, A.rt. 2). · .
.

t_:'. . · . ·; ·· ... , · · · ··- ·:

1
. 'f ( ((
c:-:,._< · . · . . ., (,la·
. · .f?'
~ .· 'as unpald.bil~tiime,work or a disciplinary action (1
AZUCENA/s,'hp,;a at 8). · . · . . . · = ·
st· Labor·Legisl.ation .· . <'1,( r. _.,.":71d' ·••· }1.. . .. Jj :~ l .: . · . .· ·. . _·
~ ,_-·Labor Jegislation co.rJsist~. of ~~~~(e~,~eb~).~Jions . i\ .Social UlgiS:~ti~ . ·.. .,' :. ·.. . '. ..: · .
t'.: · and ·jur)spru~e.nce.gove.rnmg lt~:
rela~orl betwe~t-t~ . r-~1., · • 1 ... Th4e ~ s ·· l~at ~rovide . P~i:tic:uf~r ~mds of
~" .. capit~l .. ~Od . !a~Of,..;. by. PtP,YiJdl.!)_..Q:s:-l:t~"" ce,~~-n.·
i:> .-emploW'l~nt .standarc:!s. an~ -~-J;I!;}~' Jf~~~Y"ork,;}9.~. iJ:;I ·
· 1w~ ·-t>~tEfe~1$?_(1~4.p.rli!?.gr:tef1ts
to soc1!:lty_ or ·_se~ments
th~(eii~ili,UJ{!rfherance·_of. ~oc1al Justice (1
!'-~: . ,:iego_tjati!1Q,. adjus.t.f0.9. -~nd : a€f!UJQ1~~/r/lf.ll tho_~~·." 1 l~ ff AZl;JC~NA, s_up(a)~9~; ..
~' ,• standards:'s:)nP. 9th.er .IOCIQ~nts ·of11.:_~J:!1ploywent·/(1 ·" ..... L.2 That. which reqwres··pa_ymel']t _of benefits. by
.. , ... . . .

t· · : AZLJC.EN_A,'. T.f:le Labor q>_de· w11h C9-r.nme.,msand .L.:ri:,;?~gp_veJnrn~niagerjcir;:s to the workE1.r or his·family
t!f: Cases (2016), p. 7) [herema.ff.er, 1 AZl,le)."i'v}\,.l-;.?98f~~.:..::.1k::.,,1:~wh'lrn~nd while he cannot work, by reason of
~; ;-.qo~e]: . : .. . - . . : . . tt ... <r-i ... · . sickness; disability; old ag_e, _death, a_nd similar . ·
r-· ·.' ·.; .
r.E · · Major Divisions of la~qr .L!3g1sl~tion
· : . . . . · ·. . ... '-"·~-·dA.· ·
"'\<.iJ-~-'. . .
· · ha?ards: (~LCANTARA;supr<! a! 2-3);and ·
3:. _ it· .includiIS, statutes intend ea t<>,: enh~nce· the
..

it .- . . · L~bor..l.eg1sl~Ji?n is. ?!'6.adlydfvided irito: . . : .. . . · . . : . · ·w~lfare of the .people ~~er\ ~hen .tJ;lere is no.
,f-,,. 1. Labor. ,Stanc;ta.rds .,,refers t,o.. ._t.he . term,s and : . · . employer-employs.~~elabo.ns~1p·(Jc1_.). · .
~~:.:. condition's·of ~mplOYf1\ent that.employers- must. . · ·

f.
!if
k·. · '' EXEl::U~
MMY
CO~
c.
CYRIELL· SUMANQl,JI
·. .:s~)tCTCOMMITTEE· ·. ~ERS
KRISTINA .. D. .::c:AilVGAO . JOHN BENEDICT·M. RWE~.
. ·
ATTY, .
· ._-. · '. :· Ari'vi!;E~.s·
JO~C}i · .M·
.. . . . · ..

t;f... . , Over,:al/ .:. Cha.irJwsori, .ERICA· :Subjecl Chair,YICT<?R.Kll~ . MJEEN'.~ D. B~,. ~~C~f;:~~~ , ..
gf_··. ·MAE C: VJSTA:Chai;Mrso1:1for . S, G~G Assista~t. ·Sub;ect CHRISTIAN MARIE L ... · · . . : · .
~ · Aqadem!CS.· ';11,filL ·. REI . .E. C,.hajr, MIS~L R OCCIANO ·. SOLtS, JOANNA. P.1\I~ClAl.t · JOEY~-·~SITA,.. ·..
f{
t:~'
·. ,B~ERO qatrpeisonfo.rHoti!I
bj,erations,JHEI;S~LOUISE.B..
.Subject .. El<ctronlc Data· :PADRID, STEP~
·Processing_, NATiiANAEL A._ M. ~CAD,.anil. ANN M,ARY.
NICOLE. _ .

~k?_ ·;_=_:.r
..·.··... D~O·Vic~ Chairpetson-Jor. :.QUUANG.4JborStandards, ~E'A MICHEJ.LE~ .. Rl,T~ · '
. !kcretariat, EARL 'JUSJ'IN ·M: ... PA,TRICIA G. DANGAZO Labor
~"-;
,;t YAMBAO J/ice .Chairpersri'! for .Relations, · and . JUZMEND
~'4(: Opera'.~ions, ~ .i\NQ;BLICA )3." FRANCEZ_ ... ~~E . ~--
~ri:_·.: ... · DE' LEON--Vice Chairpuson for· ABRIAMJur,sdlctw1fa!ld.Spec1al.,

f!':~·. . _;t~Cvic~0~~1!~.
I!·.·
k~~.,,
;_,··_;

,.,.,, ·
forAudit, JORPAN .t., CHA~Z

·
Vice Chairpersonfo~73DP,
·DARRYL
HANZ :
D.TIU · . Vite· ..
(;h~lrpers~nforLogistics, and ·
Laws·

El·:
i~i'.· .
.· ~~~~=~;~:~~!:
&t~- .. :
.~rt~·
,.
 . LABOR sr AN-bA·RDS
SAN eeo« tAW cENTRAutro·aAR OPcRAnoNs - MEMORY Ato 2019 l
~JUMGHU ,sisw,as · p± HE sd &aw ,,, WE-iMCMWGW

c, 'R-ight. toa just . .§.tiare in the fruits of__:

· production; arid . · .
. · i;i. ·. Right to .work . under !:!umane .. conotticns
.. (1987 CONStJTUT-/ON, °Art. XIII, Sec. 3).
2: -, Unde~- Labor ~elations.;·,(COP~L . : ., :· ·
.. a. . Hight to £onduet celleouve bargaining or
. neqotlationwith management; - . ·
· b. Right to Organi.zethemselves: . · · . . -c.'

. . c. · · Right 'to _e~rti_cipate in policy a)1d decision-

~ making · processes; .and . . ·
-d. ~ight_· to gi,gage in · peaceful concerted
. : .. activities Including strike '(CONST. Art.. XJII,
' ·. · .. ·. Sec. ·3)... r: ·. ·.·.' ·. · · ·· ·
:..

2 I .2019_ SAN Bl;;QA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPE~ TIONS

 ·-1
, .. wwawse +1. I PAW .PD SSIAM . i
I

LABOR STANDA.RDS.
~('
...... A9ffi#NW
· .SAN BF;DA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPE.RATIONS- ~EMpRYAID 2019
WGA

Sec.r:18. Th~ State. affirms ·1abbr: as·~ primary

8 +«.s+ Mj9'1&41R?~IP·. G 4k%.-W!i$tiffl'ii:ttii+a S 4sa:m:m:s.Y1r~" .
enhance the right. of all. the people to hum~n
~'·
~f.ti}·, . social ·.ec9nomic force. It shall protect the rights
of workers ~nd prqmofe'th~ir welfare. : ..
dignity, repuce social, ecori.omic, and political
ilieq4atities,. and remove cultural 'inequities· by
equitably diffusing wealth ar:id political power for
r_f,t_::: Sec~·20: Tlie·State recopnizes, the indiepensable the·comrriori.good: . · · · ·
role· of. the. private .sector, encouraqes private
r·. .
~-
enterprise, and provides inceritives to·'needed . Tb th.is end·, the State shall r.egu.late the · .

~ .· 2, :::;::::m pt Rl9•ts
. acquisition, ownership, use, and disp~sition:-of .
property and.its increments., ' .

i:'"f· .· . ·sec. 1. No person shall -be deprived ,ot nte.

·
liberty;' 61' property without due process of laliy,
Sec;:.· 2. The promotion of social· ju~tice shall
includei Jhe. cbmmitrl]_~:ml ·t.o .cteate ecqnomic·
:opportunities-based on fr~edo111 ofinitia.tive'arid.

l !£{~:
If·:.~.·...·.'.
;_
•.·~.:,
~.:
..;:.:
nor . ~hall any person he :~~nie'c:L the' equal
.. profecfrqn--of.ttie·Jaws. ", . . . . : .
. . . . . . . .
· s·ec. 4~. No i~w shall oepassed ·abricigihg. -the
. . ·
self~reliance. · '· ·· · ·

Sec. 3. Th~ 'State shall ~ffQrd full. protection

to labor, local arid overseas,' or:ganlzed and·
If' -freedorn of_-speeGh, .of expression, .:or, d.f the- unorganized,·and promote full employment
'} • · . 1 press; qr -the .right. of the people peaceably to · and · equality ·of. employment opportunities

;. .
r,".:···,t,'~,'._.~··
...
;;:.. . . . . . ::~~~~l:f ~~~~a~i~~i.on·.the ?~v.?m~ent.
. . : . . , '.··. , · ... ·.; . : · .'. . .· : ' /.\~/l.:'.:\
:~·~;;1· -~Qr ,all. . .. .
·.1t~hallguar_antee tile dg'hts ~tali workers to .
. . .

[i;.. . . Sec. 7:Jhe,rig~t ofthe peqpJ~_tcfinformati~~;'p.9.,-:,,.,,.~ .. $e_lf-o~~~ni.~atjon, c:ollecttve. bargaining:a.nd .

~ . matters bf _pµ~hc. concern ~ljaU .be tec::ogm~?''.'. ,,.<),;,:i"':'-~e~o!'~'!,?n.s, . a!"d pea~eful · con~~rt~c;f .
~r
l_?,_..
.
~cc;:e.ssto _off!c!afreqords.,an(;l,to_d,':)C~JT'i!;)~~~~/'ll';'.;_.....;,.'..!l_.!5tiY.;~~~!?,f·
. · · paperspettalnlnqto..official acts; transactions, or,,JJ 1 ·
mc!.udmg. ~he _right to Stl'lke. In.
accortla,i~ewith law. . . · ·.
,,. . ·,decisions, as weJ as_to }Joveri'IIP,'~f:'researcti!~d.:f... ... .' .. fti; :. ·. , '· .· . . . ' .
t~t'.;:~.:.'.~.t.:_
..·... · . ·. .g:t~-~~~~d=~·-.b::.
1 :~~y~~~~~e;!~~J~lJt'r:~{' . . · · ~3~.,J~?~J\4i~;;:~~e~r
::t~;r:~ 0.1~~e1?~~~'
"..:· · · li,mtt~tion~-i;is'-maytie.provic;le.91oy_!af.{J':'.~·· ~· t·;~ ,W<!~f T~er\hall ~lso part~c:ipate.1n polJ~Y
· . ·, · . ., . . .. · .· . ·· . ·. " _ '· . ·A:=;.,.: · · ;!?)~·.\. . . . : · ·; . t;: ,'. . a.n§ · de~J!i1on1.mak1.n9 .proc~~ses .. ijffectmg ·
(',. · · Sec. s; The: right of t!'iejJ(9.ple}tjFfcf9:llJ~9'tfl'Q~~ · .. pi:~ ff(~if;j).gf:it~;:-~pa)?'ene~ts as. may be provided ·
~··
~-~ •
·employed:in·ttie public :ana-.~·ate:.•s·e:c.:fors·1'it:o1
• • • • ...... 111
..,. '
t:1
- J • ., • 1.f;,>,
by 1·aw.'·~~~...,,~..,,.,
. ~ ...............
·· ·
'\ · '.. . · f~rr·n uaio11s, . a~~oc:;_iations.>,~;;:r§f>cl~~ts· t~r <ti .· . . · . , . .. . .: · _ .
!,.·,..-.·." . . purposes not_ con1rary to laVI.~ ~hall·..fqot. ·oe · :,[,),.~,-·~The. St;ite shal~, p~om~t0;, the '~pr1nc1p!e of.
tt . abridged,:.,· :.- · . . . · . ·. . /;,;;.,,__.-!::ii. ,,,.. ,',"" ..,..,,.,,sn~ntd·-re~p0,ns1b1hty_ between wo.rkers :and
~r .:,
w.-· . . . .
· ; .' ·., . ·,, ' ',: .'· ·., •./. ,.. .,,-_.-/ ·-·:t-,; .... ·.~ ...,oc; ·V"'
.,;!;, ' /•:1-(<'>';:.P.!,'.~~mployers· and- ;the.; pre.,er.~nt1al, ,use of·
. . .& • . . .• •

!..·~_-;: ·.s:ec. ·jo.'"No :1aw\impairir.tg"'.the· ~piigatior.i.(of . . ·voluntary_: ~qcle~. 111 . ·set~l'ing ··disputes~ · .
},'!i, Cb!'\tra.cts,~hqll be pas:'sed; -~ · : ~~:.::!~\. .
iJlC~lid~ng;. C(?r:l~ilic:1t_ion; ;.~flc;I:. s.~~U:' ,~force . ·
~r· · ., ,. . . """ their mu\~aJ .compliance the.rew1th,to foster· :

~f ·- Se.c:
t/. ·. . :. A.6 •.,AJl:.perst>li~. ~!).all'_ t:iave _!!1'~ ri_ght to ~
spee.oy. disposition·: of th~ir ca!>.~S: before. all
.. mdustri~Jpeace~..
. . . ' . ··
-

rt .
~i:-

~-...
~_i.::'.·.·....
·.· judiGial,.qi.jasi-judicial,·or-admiriistralive.l;>0dies.
s.Jc/1~·.(~)-. N¢ invol~nt~-ry.-··s~~itude
,
iri:an·y·:forrrr
. .. '
·stiall 'exist:.except ·7as·,?, punishment 'fqr l:i crh'n(:} . .
·. \. . Thi ·state ,~hail·:· regulate 'the. ,(elations.:

~:~:.~j1~~Q.t~t::r::.~~ l~b~~tii_i:.N:.iit~~
. . .
in. tlie frqi_ts ..of' pr'odt1ctioJ1. arjd _the.'tight":o_f
enterprises· to . reasonable .·return~· ',
.

on
,..
fr
[,'.,.
·./;:onyicted.. > . .
whereof ·.the' ·-party.' ·shall .,have. been. duly,·
., ": ·'. ,. . inve'stm~iits;'~rid.lo 'exparisibn aild growtli'•
{Protection-to.~Labor~lam~e).. ..
!);·.... : .3 .. Artlcle XU::N.atJQn~i E~~no~y J~d Patri,mony ..
a
Note: :This is. very iinp9rtar.it ·labor·" p.rovisioni· .
,..·.:.:.·.\.~,.... . : ~~c. 12\i,~~t;;t~
~
-~~~U ~ro'~.ot.~,th~ p~ef~~en~i~I
.. use .of Filipinq'-lab"C>r. ··do'mes~i.c ·r,nate'r.ials. arid
. ·un-~er the· <;:_.onsti(ution. .,.. .
w: · · iocally proi:h.,1ced· gooas:. ~r1cl . adopt m.!;l·~sures Sec.·:.13·..·-,The State··~halt establish special · · ·.a
agency' for · disabled ·. pe_rsons-.·.for· · their ..
i,.· ·. ·;:'. ~h.a~.~~Ip ~~1k_e ~f,:e~··cornpe.t_m:,,e: _: · : :..
rehabilitation,. self•development,... · and . self-
t· .
~t- .
4.. ·. Article. XIII:. Social Justic,e'.and .Human Rights .: r~liance; and their. integration· ... intb · the
mainstream of .so~iety. ·
f 'S:ec. 1-. The Co~gres~. sha{give.,highest pri~rity
~·,. : to the enactment of measures that protect and . ·
f{. ~ ·.

I.!. . 201s SAN BEDA LAW c·ENTRALi°ZEO.BAR'OPEJ¥,JlbNS

.{
I 3
 LAaOR STANDA·Ros··
· SIJN BEDA LAW CE:NTR.A(IZCD BAR OPERATIONS ~ MEMORY Al£i2019
eeee ( ,n · · · EMMI

· Sec: 14:·The State shall protect working women ·. h. · Art. 1708: The laborer's wages shall not be
by· providing safe. and healthful ..working · subjectto execution or attachment, except
. -condltlons, taking into. account thelr maternal fordebts ·iocurred for food, shelter, clothing
functions, and such facilities and .cpportuntttes' . and medical attendance. ': .
that will enhance their welfare and enable.them
.. to. realize their "tun "potential in. the service of the i.. Art.;_ 1709,.:The employer 'sna1"1 neither seize ·
natlon .. ·. · · · · · nor retain any·tool or other articles belonging
.to the laborer.'. .
!:>. Article· XVI: Genenil Pr~v.lsions
j.' .' Art: 171.0_.·,Disnii.~sal .of'- laborers shall be
Se~.'..i(rhe $tate shall, from tirneto ti~e, review· ,. . .subjeet 10 .the:. ·:supervisipn .. of the
to lncrease th~ pen~ion·s 'and other benefits due . Government, under special laws'.
to" retirees of both- ·the qovernment 'and· the · ,
prlvate' sectors. . . · .2. ., .Revis~~ Penal Code : · ·.. '. . . ::: . . . .
· ·· · . a. Art. 27~. Slavery ~·The penaity of prisiqil
Related l,.aws .'. majioi: and .a fine of not-exceeding' P10,000
1.: .Cfvl_l.,Code .. · · · . . . . . .. "shall:lie ..imposed . upon· anyone Who .shall
. . a. A'1.-19: Every person must, h'i the exercise . . · purchase. -s.ell,·. kidnap or detain a human.
· .· of. his: rights and _in·· me pertorrnance of ~ . · . beir:ig for the.purcoseot .enslaving him.. :

· · ·. '. ·
l
. : ....~~!;!;n~~b;!t~t~s~-~:~.t~:d;~a,~is =J .1\f~ri~t~1· th~.
· . . · . · : . ·-/' 0,,.1 :;;~~~. -( Pu~os~ of. assigning
If. ~_im~: be. c:~~itted. 'for the .:
the offended· party to

~~z·
b: Art. 20. Every person w'Jl~conti~rx,,ta-;law, · .·, · · ..~some-;i~oral traffic, th,e·penalty shall be
..· · willfully. ?r _negli~en~ly )f~us-e,Y.JJtm.~.9~""t~}"""""·~-"!'~~~ea 1~)tsmaximum period. ·. , ·

· .·
. · '. . another, shall oompery~~~t~eylatJi}"I•fqr
. . same.
· ·J
· . · (. .
·i ·
t9~ 1( ,o/
!! '. . :.!I.· · j~ Lt>--:.,,. p. ~rt.'!,3.
. ) ·'\. ~~<5~ \ · :- . . . · '
ExP.loltatlon · .of ch1l_d·. lab.or -
...J.9~-... · ···The ;'p -~~YJ.~f-·prlsion correc~ional ·in its
!;:. . Art: 21. Any person V.,ili'ct.Wil lly ca(fsesl9ss.·1mF-::--"'!""""""ijiinim.u.; ~n.g~n\i,eq!um:pe~iodsand a fine not
or ihjury to anotherflff.',~rn~'n,:1er c&ntr~r11<>?. Jlil.S?l!!!P'- · ~xce_e~i~~-~-P50SJ sh_a11 · be imposed · ·.upon
. · .. · mora!s, ~oocl cu.sto~;:.z.flt~ublid_ERUcystpil~~\IL'J/ d . ~nyon~ rt iwlii~. fl .under:· the . p/e!ext of
· co°'.pEmsate_the lat(erfar~~eAf'!l!tl~-'- : ·· :=J-.~., · ·. . !.~por~1~ght~s~.lf of ~-~ebt)ncurred b_y an .
· · . ·._. . · . i r·fi'"\~ ~ ~\\ ··. r= .. iffi . , .·.,,,;~-7.'tl"!dj1nt·,~J.1rd1ahor:_persC?,n· entru~ted ·
· ·. · ·. d ... Art. ~ 700. Tire relabOn--..oeM~er:i ~t~~'~n4i
r· ~~
lab?r- ar.e .l'.19.l· m~telY\<?~.n~actual....~· ·: ~ ~
:.:'.'{.»1;tt:i.tljg cust<;>ily··of.a mlnc;ir, shall; against
'~~ytfie-_r~jt'er's. ~If.· retair:i him.in ~is •se"".ice. .
. · so 1mpres~~d-w1t_h·pub~~ mte.~~-~at..)a~:..S.~<;·:, . ._,_J ·. : -p · .- ·. · :- : . · . . : ··. · . :
: ·.c~mtracts must yield to~e. co~~~ ~9~T.T.;m\.b~· ~ff_•. :27ifServlc~s ··fe.nder:e_d under
.... ThE!r~fore, s1,1ch _contracts.. w.._e su_bJe~~~~-e~~~cqro.eJJ~~o.n In -~ayiyient.:,a~ .debt--: The
.. ~peCl!3I . laws ... on . labor UnlQl)Sf j9,Jlep_1J_ILEJ'..;:,,n..,..,...;=.-·,..·°\:'-Qeoa(tf:"Of. _arrestq.~ayor In. 1ts. ·maXlrf!Um
. _barga~r.'lln.Q: :-strikes: _and· lo?!<~ (~l~_ed ), 4 p;J..4,,1¥,._!6~ to pr[sion ?of:cecciohal in_its·minin,um
~h_op,,.wag~~•. .yorkmg :cond1t!or:is,. llpJ.ll~O~ .lV.t .. ~;.,,;...fp'.e,;mds~all ·be:1mposed upon any person·
.labbr,and.similar subje.cts. ' · --~~ . who, in order tq r~·q1;1ire or enforce·. th¢
.. . .. . , , . : .. . .- . :. p'.aym.e.ntaf..a debt,":~haU-:qompe_Uhe):!ebtor
e. '·Art. 17Q1 •. Neither_ capita! nor labor shall a~t .· . to w.qrk· fo~·.· tilm, ·ag·ainst his .. wi.11, as .
oppressiv-13ly again.st the .other qr Impair .fhe .hou$ehold ·servant or farm ·1aborer,
.. . . ., ·interest· ·or.>corwenience .. of:. thi .. public : .... ·~ · . ·. · · · : · . ,.'
, .. . (PrlilclplE: of-Non~Opp.re~si<>n)..' ,. ." . :· . ·d. Art. -2:iS,· Exploit~t!~n···9f.. minor~ -~·The ..
· • · ·. :pen~lty · ti(" prlsir;m:',qorteqcio.naf.. in ifs
· _,-. ·.f. . Art. 1.7Q2 .. In ·,·~ase of ci";ubt, .all 1.c.ibor. mi9imurn a.nd.me.d.iuinpJ1rl.ods and a.fine riot
. : · · l~f)islatio.ns and al( labor corfracts. $hall be, excee·ding P500 sha.11 be imposed up.on:·· .
·:. in:
". construed favor'. of the·-safe.ty and ~ece,:1t i·. :.A.ny" pe'rson.-who shall·.cause:.a_riy. hoy or .
· li.vi~9 for the iaborer. g!rl Ufld~r 16 years ofage to perform:any· ·
·· dangerous·f~at of -bi;ilanq!ng, ph_ysical ·.·
Not~:" Art. 1702 of theJ3i.vll Code ls' related .. ·streng·~r:i. or contortion; . . . : . . ..
··... ot
to A1°t: 4. the. t.abQr Code on consfruction .. · . . . • : ii. Any" pe.rson. who, being,_.·an· acrobat,
in· favor of labor, , : · .: .. . . gyi:n_nast,. r6pEiwalker.; diver,.wild,animal
: . · tamer or ·circus man~9er. ot engaged in ·
g. ·Art.' 1703. No co·ntract:\vl:lfctr practically : . a:·. s.imilar .calling, shall .. employ ·in '
-amou,:1ts to invoit.,mtary seivitude, ·under any exhibitions of these kind.s c.hildr'(;ln.under-
gu~e.whatsoever, shall ge valid.· 1 e. years of age who are -not his children
or'"descendant~;· ·. . : · .

_4 201~ SAN .SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED .BAR OPERATIONS

 ii&
,.,, tiff
•• 38§9515 i

. LAB.OR·STANDAR·os
$AN BED~ .LAW C;ENTR!lLIZED IIAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019
ISN9k ,amzwit. wu11wasia ,,Mias WPIK'dNli SWWIM4¥ ¥*1&R&i+M MttMAWFMS+Wbi?##J.~!: .•
. . .
iii. 'Any person engaged · in any. of the maintaining or preventing-. coalitions of
callings · enumerated · in . the- next capltal o,r' labor, strike of laborers or lockout
·,.: p,recedlng paragraph who sh~II· employ bf .. employer. shall employ violence or
any descendant of his under 12 years of threats in such a:degree to compelor force
ag~ in such dangerous:exhibitions; . . . . . the laborers er employers in the fre'e and
, .. iv. Any ascendant, guardian, teacher or : legah~xer~ise of their lncustry or work, if the
.
... ... person ·.entrusted ·in a'ny. capacity. with /
the care· of· a· child under '16 years· of
act shall 'not constitute a more serious
.. J:iff'.ense in accordance with theprovislons of.
age, who , shall deliver -sucn · child .this Code. ·
':.; ... gr.atuitously to any person following any. .. ;
~- ·. : .. of thecallings enurnerated.inparaqraph 3. Special Lavis · ..
L:.
~ ... 2 hereof, or ta any habitual vagrant or a. · ,Social Secur.ity ' System Law (R.A, No.
t· .. . be,gga'r; ' ·. , · '. 828~); , . .. ·
~: ·.. . b. -Government ·seNtce insurance System Law
,~. .. . .If the q_elive(y'shall have been 'made in . .(R.A. No. ·829·1.);. · .. . .
r~ .
,,
consideration of · · any .. prtce, .. · c. ' Limited: Portability Law (R.A. No. 769~).; ...
· cornpensatlon, 'or 'promise, the penalty . ··:d .. National. Health Insurance 'Act (R.A: No.
' shall in. every c~se be irriposed in· its · 78!.5, .as·ainende~); · .: . . . . .. . ·
maximum period. · . · . e. · Horne Mutl,lal.Oevelopment.Fund Law (R.A.
· .;: . . · . . · · . . : ~ . · ;./-:1,. No. 96WJ,'131h · Month. Pay· Law· (P.Q.. No.
. l!J e_i~~er case, th~r·guardian or cur~\gr~~}(.;i 0 • • · . 851,' as amend.edJ;Paternity Leave Act (0'.A.···
. convicted shall .atso be removed .. ffO!?)ft/i.:,:;;,,,_ . . No. 8187); .
, o~ice· as guardian'or curator; a~d ·in!-~~,,.:.(i:1f;;-j·. . t. Expanded · Maternity Leave Law. (R.A.
case.ct ifie :Parents· of the. child, ~e~::.'' .·••:....,.p......_ 11~:1.Q) · · ·
may. -·be deprived, . temporarHyy ~t\·:1·w1C:L.'!$.- 1~9)9~~arentsyvelfare Act (R.A: 8,972)
perpetually, · in :.the . tliscretj_o_r:r(rc>f, the \_r 1 . , · · ~-AAt:tioler:ic;~ Against: Women· and· -Thelr
court; of their parental'autH'oFity~ and ~ /1,... J .
:\
> • Chi~;'~n Act (RA. 9262). · ..
'
Y·. Any.P,ersc;m-who_sn~·II in.d,.\J.~/~ny·c_h~lt ··(· ~rv,~~nfl'~a'rt~otWbmen(R:f\. 97fO) ·
:l:i~J · ·.. .
~:
~-.. . .' .. und~r ·16 y~ar~ of:.age_)~~~ab1.1~~~"·th~ _ J •. · Apjti~~_ex~a~ Harassment ·Act (R.A. No.
: . h.ome .of 1~s · as~~R}fants_. · €l}:iattlrans\.. · !,877>.f' · 't . . . : · . ·. .; · .:,.. : .
· curators, <;>r· tea?Em~ t~·f~.!_low.· a11~-. 1;,,l .. ·. k .. $p~clpl Pl,totect1on,... of Children ·~gamst.
..... pe~s~~- eng_aged l(6, an.y.c:df.Jl:i~)calihis~ •.. ·-~~J . ~,!w.~-~,~~~P.l9ifalion,and D is·crimination Act
· . men~loned m ·paragt~ph·i-n,?r}Qf,o~tei.:· ~~"./ _ .- · -(R~N.9,µ7610,·as.amended by R.A. · No.
.. accompany-.any · h~blroEJ:;:vagrnnt fl ...k:;.. . 9231); · · . . . . . ·.-
·. beggaF:. · · .. ·
.. ~~. · t .- . .•
\i : .· . Y;~
f\'§':' ..~}---_..,
: :
,,., ;7·• . ;\~,'
· \' ; .,,:,,.T .. :J. Anti'.-Age.. Disc;rimfnati.on in Employment Act
(RA. 10911)
. • . . . •
,1. · 1·• ... •ul
;;-,~.:~r ~I···r.j . . ,. . ·: · .. . . · . · .
e, · ,Aft_. ·291 .• ·Revea1ing secrets·'1(.~h ab~fi1q~-:._,~-~m :.. f?xi:tanded· Senior. Citizens ~ct (R.(',- 9994,
·. : office - T~e penalty of arres(<i?[rpaY,<;f·~nd.. · : as·amended) . . . . · ·
_ , a.fine·not exceeding P500. shaTN:,.._i1!!?RPSed· · · n .. Don:,estic W.ork«:Jrs . Act or. Ba(as
upon· a'ny ·ma·nager,· employee; 'of's~r.vant: Kas~mbahay.(R,A.No.. 10361). ·: :
1.Yho, in such capacity, shall·learn the ~ecrels · . . ·· . o .. Ari Act_ Allowi~Q. t~e Employment of, Night
: ·of his. pt:incip.c!I ·oquaster an'.d· shc!IVre~.~al . Workers (R.A. No. }01.51); · . ·. .
· such-secrets: . · '. · · · .· . . .. • p. - Mai'.ma: Carta· 'for Disabled . Persons (R.A.
.... .. . ·. . : .No: 7277); and·. . · .-· .· · · .
f. ··A.rt. } 292. Revera~lori : Of::. industriii'I q. · J.obstar.t·P.hilippines·Aqt (R.A 10{369) . _
.. ·. se.~rets~:rfi'e'·._,- penalty·. of} prisibn.. r. Philippine Green Jobs Act of ·2016 (R.A.
~· .
· .cotreccional. in its minimum and .medium .. ·- 10771), . : , · . · · · . : ·
perfods:and c(tin'e. n.o~ ~xceeding·._f1500·sha·II, · · s. Mi.grantWorkers and O\lers~as Filip.inos Act
. , . be impos~d: upon. the. person in. charge, . of: t995 (R.'A. No_. 8042, c;1s aij,ended); .. · :
.or
. ·: employee ,W.orkr:n~n·qf any marillfcicturing.. t Compret,ensive Agrarian Reform. La·w (R.A.
· · · ·or ·industric;1t.. ·.esfabllshmeht who; t6·· the ... No: 6657, ?s·amended); ·:. . . . .
. . ' .. prejucli~~·of the. 9wner tliereof;' sha.11.. reveal .
. th.e secrets .oJ':{he.in~u~'try of the-latte( . .ARTICLE 3: o·ecllARATION OF BASIC"POLICY'
. .·. . : . The State shall: (AP ERA)··-.·· · .: ·:. ..·: . . .
g. ,·.:Art .. 289. :Fg,:matlon,· mainlenance· .. and 1. ~fford proteGtio'ri'to labor;· . ·
. -prohibition 'of conibliiiition' of capital or 2. f_rom~tefull employment; .
· · rabor lhrough vfole'rice or thre:its -'- i.he . '3. · gnsur~ equal .work qP.portunities reg~rdless of
pena'lty of <!ffesto. mayor·.a'nd ,. a.. fine pot sex; ra~.· or creed; . . .. . . . .
exceedfng P300 shall be imposed upon ·any 4. Regulate the. relations · between workers · and·
p'erson wt.lo, for the· purpose_ of cirgal]i,zi~g•.. ' empto.ye,rs,;and . .. . . . . ;. . . .

2019-SAN BEDA LAW.: CENTRALIZED-SAR OPERATIO~S

. . I 5
 M&AHH 11
••••
LAB.OR -STANO-ARDS
SAN 8£1;:>A_LAW'CENTRALIZE:D BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 201"9

5 .. ·Assure the ·rights of workers to: .(CJS2) of the latter (DreamlandHotel Resort·· v. _Johnson, .
.a.. ~ollective bargainirig; . · · · G.R. No. 191455, March 12, .2014}'. . . .
b. Just and humane conditions of work;
c. §elf.-or:ga~izatior:i~ and Reasons for Affording Greafer Protection · to
d._. :§.ecurity openure. Employees: · ·
.. . . 1. · lnaccordance with the doctrine that those.who
Llrnits-totheProtectlon Afforde.d: . . -have less in li.f~ should have· rpbre .. in. law
1. · The protection ·of the· rights qt workers· cannot. · (Eastern Shipping Lines v. · POEA, G,R. No.
justify {lisregard · of relevant.jfacts in the · 76633, Ocfoberi8; 1988); .. · . . . . . ·..
construction 'of the text and applicable rules "in -2. ln the matter of employment barqalnlnq., the
. order to arrive at .a dispositlon in . favor an . . . employer stands" or:i. higher. footing than the
· employee (PAL, lnc. v, NLRc;· G.R: No, 87698, .. ; t employee (1.AZUCENA," supra at 25);, ·· · . · .
. ·Septeir,ber 24, .1991); ' ·· . . .. ·· . . ·. . ~-. There· isqreater supply than .demand for-labor ·
,- Q. ,.C.0t1rts cannot render decislons.on the.basls of . {Id.); and . . . .
. sympathy for the working men atthe expense pf . 4. Tlie need for-employment by Iabor-comes from·
' the ,employer (<;altex, PHL, ... tnc.. ·v.. PH, ·labor· vital, and even desperate, necessity (Sanqhez v.
. Orgariizatio'n,·$:R.,NQ.. L-54.06;,Api:il 29," 1953);"" Harry Lyons Construction tnc., GR. No.·L::217.9; ·
3. · Where both parties · 'have 'vidlated the law, , October 1 f!, 1.9sor. .
. neither party .. is ·... entitlec( . to . _j:>rotectiq~.,;;."'""""'·"--..._=-·:... . . .
· (PAMBUSCO _Employ~es'.· Union lnc~v.f"C'Tk,7 . '"'" ~dljtii"ni..s.trative Interpretation ~ ··
<;,'.R.-N_o. 46727,- Septemb~_r: 27,.'1~:)f!f; an;a:;· J-\t niJ"e U ;'""'or.
regulation·. promulgated.. by · an
4. Protection . to la,bor , auth~z<s"'\ rj~i~:-""""'=e.Sfr!i~istf~~y~~~ody ih. excess of . its rule-making
oppression nor self-de~tri.JctiSf'~<:>f}~\,,.eg;>ployer· . autnbr~zy,"i~)\.'OQjd. , -Thus, .an administratlve
(Pacific. Mills, In'?. v.·.Alo_n~<){_ ~'JSl,N.ef:, WG900";'£"""."-=tntew.r~t~\(~tl 'wfli9~Jakes.away benefits. gr~n!ed · in
. July 26, 1991).
. .
. ' . "JJ',Q.~
· . .!/ . • ,Ir;
f
/tf"'. : lP.) '.!\- . ·!tie law\is- :~~~'+'i'!,te'~- (CE}T9 Employees Union v,
,4~ ~Jave, G,R. N~-efL-_49fJ.82,Ja{1uary 7, 1986).
_ARTICLE 4:. _CONSTRuc110~· 1'tf ·FAY.OR "OF """'~. . . ·. i, \( r[) '\ . . .. . .
LABOR· .. · · _ · · .. ·-.·.:--r~. ;=KC:?'.§ -~~!,!~C~5:RUJd~~--~ND_REG~LATIONS
All doubts m the··1n,pl1;3m~nfat1e>A,{afd mter.pretat{§_ ? mm ~,e'irule§. and r.eg9latj~sissued by the DOLE shall
?f the. p~oyisions. of. t~e LilbJr.P,_ra.9e,inchJ,ding-Pl&~~com~l._!:ffecDve:x:c.:· f\~een ::· ·(1 _5) days after
1mpleme~tmg ·rules_ and· irEfguJ.r\rpnQ~~ .• be --:...... <' an~~~~- ~lnt -~f. th rjjadopJ1on m newspapers of
resolved m_favor.otla_b9r (LA.BO.l?'j,'SJ.OD'lt!;1.: ~J--:.· ·ii;w

If th:
. . .. . -: :- ... -. . .,\:JI. \\ .
1 ;a:1'9enetaJ;}:> {ilatL©Ac>(bA'B.OR"COQE,Art. 5).
\o,¢. ,~{i"'l:§), ~~r
pr?.visi~:>nis clear"ari_d_un~mbig~~~s; 1fWP ·- -<e_@f1: ''"' . ~~ . 6:~~PPLIClBILITY . .
. .~-"'··. ,, ·
.
. -
"'r · : :- · -
apphed ·m: accordance ... w,th 1t~r exp,re,w te'f"r.os N-.~'ihiral Ryle:· Th~'Code applies. fo all wolj<ers,
POQi.JJZ, ~'!'li_or. Standards. l,.a'w with"i"'Npte(: '}~1 rtw~~!J;i~/gricultu"~I or l").9n-agricultural, inclucling
.Comment~ (?018), p. 42)'{heref~er,1,-,,PO.Q_rJ__f-~e\.~t<>Y..,~es.~~i!!{' ·a· g~ve~nl"T!ent-: corporation
· ,L~bor Standards).. ·:: · . .
. . ."~~{ ~~".;~~-l'i~o;P~\~:Jll1d.!=lr-_the
, . _. ~-p/")
.. Corpor~tion C~de (LAf:JOR.
- UJ ,·.11t iG;<51D~,,~,.,..,6J.·· . . . . _. -· .
°Liniitciltior:~·to. L_ibera!_.Constructi_on:. ·;'---~~--,, J;'°vJt~~ · : . .. . . • · : .· . , -.
1, . Prot~ction .to - labor._and c'resolutipil. of doubts ~in..,.=-··-:,pe~ceptions:{CELFIG} '· ·· · · . '- .
:favor (?f lalX>r car:inot bEi):lOrsµe4 to deliberateiy . . 1. · &_orporc1te .officers ·invol'v.ed. in: iritra:.CorporatEl· :.
cornm~t c1 miscarriage --of,justice. ,Th~- right. to. · .. disp1,1tes under. P.O.· No, 9.02-A'l}OW fall 1,1nder
,, . obtain.I justi¢e is· :enJoyecJ. .by all 'members of . ·.the_jurisdic.ti~r;i of the Regulc1r.c:;91;1rts porsliaiitto· .:
. . socletY,, rich pr pqor\ _wo_lj<eror. manager; alien or : : . the Securities R~Qttlation c~.d~ (Nacpil V, IB_C, ..
: ·citizeri!(1 AZUCENA, supra.at·26.:.?7):. • · · · . G.R: No. ·14476·7-, fvfar_ch 21, 2002);'
·,
..
.. . . . . .. . .. •,. . ' ..
The law ··~iso. recog.ni:z;es that·. management" h~.s 2:_-- .5mploye~is:·of goverimi.enf-owned. or controlled ·
· rights_,'.· which· ·are ._:~tso,.entitled, respect. ·and to· ·,, C~'B?rations- ,(GO.CC)· cyeated by· sp~<::ic;ii. _or · ·
. 'enforce!1Jent in -the ·in!erest:of fair. play ($t.. Luke's· . ong111_al_.Cba~er.· Such. employees ar(;l governe.d
· ..... Medfcal -dnter Employe_e.'s.-Ass·'iJ: ·NLRG, · G.R. :v. .:·. by the ·_Civi!-Seryice.·"(JiJco· v., NLRc,· .G.R. No.
. No-. -162053, March 7, 2007). -.. · · · · '_98107,.Augu_st 18, 1997)'; .. · · · ·
. ·-: ~- ..
••• 1 ••••• ·:.;· • • •
. . . .i . . . .. . .~ ·, . . . ·. '. . . . . . .: ,·
Application to the Appreciati.on of;-Evidence ·, .. . . . . ,:.rote: The ph_rase "wit.h ,original ch~rte"r'' refers to
. The rule ehuncia'ted· irl.Aitfcle 4·.of the.Labor Code 'corporations chartered ·:by _special ·1aw. .as
. li_ke~ise a~plies. in )fie:,appreda~toni (jf .evid~nce !iJ · distinguished from corporations organized-u'n~er
·1abor .pfoqeedings. .If- doubts . exist :..betw.~en.. the· the. Cor"poration.Cbde (NASECQ'v. "NLRC; G.R.
evidenc~ ·presented by the employer and the No. L-69870,:NoVembef.49, 198_8).
empl~yee, jth"e seal~ of justice must be tilted in.Javor
; .
:

61 2019 shN sEoA LAW cENT~l]~Eo sAR d"PERATioNs

,
WW-AipA IPi~
~r
£--":.
..
. . .
3, _bocal water districts (Tanjay· Water District v. TiTLE .ONE: RECRUITMENT AND PL.ACl;MENT
IT.it.<_
· · ·Ga~aton, q.R. Nos. L,63742 and- 84300;.April. OF WORKERS. . . .
;~· 17, 1989):·. .
,.A.··. . . cHAPTER.1: GENERAL
PRov1s1o_N·s ..
~f . ., Exception: Where _N.LRC jurisdiction. Is voluntarily· ARTfCLE; 13.; D.EFINITIONS · . . .

~·f:-: ·.-., : .
it.f·· -: invoked to: secure affirmative relief, the party rs
estopped from .denyinq that v.ery same .jurisdiction.
Worker is· any memoer of the labor force, whether·
employed. ·or une.mployed · (LAB.OR G_OD~. Art.

/
i•f; ·
;p.;- ·
(Z-amboanga City Water District v, Buat, _G.R. No.
104389 May 27 1994)' . ·
· · '· · ' '
· ·· · .
' ·
· ·
·
13(a)). · ·

and ·
·

Recr,,iitment -
·

Pl~ceme.nt is a·ny act of ·

I
4. ·.fo;~ign go_ver.nm1;nts (JUSMAG-PHL v. NLRC, ; (CETCJ-fUP). Canvs3sSlf'!9, ·!;nlisting, ]/~nspprting,
~ . G.R. No. 108813,- December 15; 1.994); and · Co11tracting, !ii.ring,· !,!tilitihg or- frocurin·g workers, ·
~ · ··. · · . and includes (CRAP) _contract services; _Referrals, ·
rt:·-- · 5.--Jritern~ti~nal .. Agencies· {.Lasco·· v. .UNRF.NRE~.· A_dvertis.i.ng qr· fro"rnisin9 fq"r "emproy(]1e'.nt. locally or .
f.J;, . · G~Ff Nos: 1.09095-109.1or; February2.3, 1995),. . ~ abroad, whether for ·profit .or not;.-·Prbvided,That any ·
F.&,_;_:.- . and employees .: of - . mterqovernmentel .or . . .person ·o.r entity which; in ;:iny manner, offers or
rJ\ ·. - .inte.rnatipn~I -;,r.gariizatiqns (SEAFD"EC-A_QD v. . . promlses.for .a fee ernptoyment to: two (2) 'or more
~"' · · · · NLRC:G R "No 86773 'February 14- 1992) · · . persons shall be-deemed: 'erigag.ed in recruitment ·
J: . . ., . . . . . , . . ., . - . . ·
,·~ · .
and placement (LABOR CODE, Art, 13(b)).
~L.: 6 .. ·QC?Vef!1n:ienrAgen~ies ·. . · - . . · . . . ,../:.~' ... · · · r, · •
t'i:~... • : The .._National Parks· Development Com11:11tteE;,;.1S.. Y).[. Note: : . .. . . . . .

I., ·, · ·
an agehc.y of tt1e·gov1::rnme~~; not ~ GOC.C(tts,(.,:;~\ · 1. "Recruitment includ.es the act of referral (People
ernployeesarecovered by civtl service_ rulesi~ii.<h,.. '·h . v. Salf:Y, G.R. No. 12117.Q, July.2, 1998),orthe
~ _regulations, :· sl_nce t.h~y - . are ciyjl . ~e~Jc~,. ,:/:··,·k· ·-;~:~ct: or.C:rta:ssing. -~l9ng ·_"o)·· forwardlnq ~f : ~n
:it,·.
W ·. E. 0. -No, 1_80, Sec. 14). .
(.";:, ~ . :/:l· rt ·.
. emP.loyeesJ~ec._~;?, NJ.· 2, :1981 _c9nstttµfioq;J\1l '._l:j.U~\i~.~1.•.~?.~~~J
/.'Y~,;JY . ·
· ~l · . .
1-l·
~,l\j ·
tor
_tmte1iew1/\~.ad,
employme~t after ._an · 1ni_t1~1._
sel!?cte1d ·applrca1nt for etmpffiloyment
o a:·se, eA,e· emp oyer;:· p acemen o rcer ·or

I
·. . ·· . . . . . ··· ;'·;\,_ (f · .t,;.,..,..-1, bureauf l>ROf!olfo -v. :Pe.op/e, G.R No. 146964, ·
~ i ,. . ·.; . :- . · · .. _,;'.~·h:2·. "Augu#1?i·.2Q06).-' .
1···

I
' . .
. _. · PRE-EMPLOY.MEN'J'i--:;s : t,i, · 2. ·The mumber\~f pe'rsons dealt. v,,lth.·i.s not an·
fl~ . . . . .... ;. '<:.'.' . .---·. ~ . '. '.'. . • J, ;J .
. .· . . . . . . ess;i~htial.~ngre\:iientof.the act. of r~crui¥11ei:it and
. · · -~;,/1 ,"r...:::01'9f::,,. ~~~ ·r,,J . pli;icelJ.f<f;f.;:or""idrkers .. Tlie proviso- merely
I.
~-- . . · ·.. \ .. · . ·
'I"';.,: AR'1:-ICLI; .12:.STAT-E_MENT ,Qrl£)'!3J~T~~ES /'.::~~ k;; 1 . cr'eiit~S:til~..'P.i~~umption th.at tn~ · in~ivid1.1al · or·
~> ·- :· (Pro2~Fac2·R~SI),· . . . -~v·;~d,,"t,:l. .
. ... )!._ . l"f. ·. entity i~· epgag~d. i.~ ~ecrui~en~-and pla9ery,ent;
1. To . ~ro~_ote. anq, m.ar~ta,_n _..;i,,.-stafe.1~?f . full · ~{.. __ ..:._,....,whenever ri~ or:it ·rs .dealing .wrth;two or more
I
,..
;

f~!. · · .
"''

'If(
· employment· ·through ..• 1mprovedf,11J~!:IPOW~r- ),•1·\:>,~·~•,P,ersohs to whom in conside'fation of. a. fee ·an
training,. a.llo.cation-~.n~utili~~t!on:.!i~>v-:''. · ,:.<~;:~;:_;;-;.::.:.:_•~·,~~~i,.:-OiSpr~rnise·
2. To __Pr~tect. ev~ry .c1t1z~m .desrrmg t'?.'1¥-'ork},9~lly
~f ~-~p,oym~n~ is _ma~e. in '_the
. . . ·course of1he Mcar.wassrn_g,e_nlrst1ng, contract~ng,
I
J

~- :. · o.r ·o'.'(er~eas · by .se<;:un.n.g f<;>r ll1~t,t~~~. b~si . · . tran_sporti.nm ufilijing;.· hiri~g or'procllriog ·(ot) ,.·
~- · . possr.ble terms __and_ coo~1t1on of ~rnployihe~t;·. · . · .· "".Orkers. (P~op/e v. Panis, 'G:~. No. L-58.674-77,
,:~·~.·~,_-.·~-·.:. 3: 'Tp · _ fru:i)i~:3te·. a: free choice of ava1lal?"!.e . ' .Jvly t:t, 1986). . . . · · . ,
=~ . ·employment:- by P.ersons se~kihg_ work . 1n. · .
· . · eonfoi:mi~i,wft.hthl;!·.nati_on.al interest: . . .. Qve,rse.a~'Em~ioim~nt;·ma~~s-.-e~p!c;yment· of ·a .
.i,":. _:, 4: . To Facilitate· ~nd:··regylate. the. m.oveh:1e11t ·-~(. w·ork~routside 'the Philippines (LAS.OR GQDE; Ait ..
~- . : ·workers iri ·conformity with tt\e national"interest;. P(h)). · · · · · ·
·.11{" 5. : To R~ulate:the emp!OY,111E!°nt of aliens; inc;:luding·
{': of
.:the ·establishmen't ;i r~istratiori and/or permit A'Rt12LE. f4:.~MPLOY.~°E:Nr- PR9M.PTIO~
·.. to·purs"ue its nirsponsibility :to :promote ·employment
it(.·:. . 6. -~~s~~~~~th-~n tii"e:..netw.ork"of;ublic- employmery~· . opportunities; the_· DO~. carri~s. ·a·ut ptbgr?Jnis for
,·,... . offices and: rationalize. the i>.ar(icipa~i~l[I of the. ·. · local _and oyerseas-'~ernployii:ient "'(1. AZUCENA, ··
rt.i::'.:_·. ' private sebtor_ in .th¢ ·retruitmen"t"ai:iq,plaeemerit . :. supia at 45). -: ·. ' · ·
~\,~"... . . of. workers. focally and ·overseas, _-to serve .
~ . ·, · natiohal d·evefopmentobjectives; and . .· · Note: .RA No. 8759. r~q~jr~~ lli~--~~f~blish~ent o~·
:"f~.. 7.. To insure..ca~eful ~el!;iCtiQn ofFiljpjno WQ~ers for Pu_blic E,mployment Ser.vice Office: (PESO) in capital·
· · q:Ve.rSeas e,r~1p10·yin~~t in . Order.· to protec~ the towns of.'provinces, cities-ahd "other strategic ·areas
ti··,
w ·

90?d-name of~e J::>hilippi~es,abroad. . , · · · (R.A. NO.: 8159, :sec: 3).. ... ·

. ~ ..
. . .
-~
t;: ·~ : .. •
~\,·
{,:---
'$:, . •.
r~_··.
I ~~:
\
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2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALI?'.ED BAR OPERATIONS 7
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LA.80.R :STAN.'tl·AR·os·.
IIAIMR i J ,,,
SAN BEDA (AW CENTRALIZ£D BAR OPERATlt;)NS -:MEMORY AID 2019
M!WWWMI WIIWAMCM I IEIAiihAS' il'fidiW

.ARTICLE 15: .·BUREAU ··OF ·EMPLOYMENT· ·hiring, nonetheless, shall pass through POEA
. SERVICES ... for. processlnq process {1 AZUCENA,p. 63).
The Bureau. of Employment· Services· (BES) was
abollshed by virtue of E.O. No. 79 whiqh. took effect . · . Reasons of the Prohibition: · .' · .
on May 1, 1982. Its· domestic employment functions . 1. -To . .assure the -best. possible terms... and.·
were ·. assumed by the . BLE. whire Its -overseas : conditions of work to th'e employee (1 POQUIZ,
functions were assumed by. the POEA (.E._9. No. ftupra at 89); .
797; Secs. 3-4): 2: To assure the: foreign . employer that he .hlres
. cinly qualifled ·Fi1ipiri9 w6rkets(Id.); . · -
. N·ot.e: Thus, ihe (unctions: of ttie BES.. are. now 3. To insure -compliance with. the Labor· Code
asslqneo a~ follows: . : . provislons on :the solldary liability of, private ·
1. · Bureau of LocaFEm'j,loyment (BLE) .:...forloca! .~r:ripl9yme.nlar;i~ recruitment aqencies with tbei/.
- . empl_oyment; and '. ·· ·. · · · · ·foreign principal (Id.); af!d · .
. 2 .. · Philip~ihe · Oyerse~s . . En,ploy.me~t 4. The ban is. a form pf .protection for the .Filipino
· .. AdminJstration · · "(POEA) ·. -..: · for. overseas : ·,. workers, .so. that ttrey w111:: not fall p·r~Y 'to .
· employment, ·. - : · unscruputous and .abuslve for.~.igll. employers ·
. _ . . . · : ·. who m ight · victimize them in the . absence of .
ARTICLE 1~: PRIVAT~ RECRUITMENT·, - . . . gqvernm.ent r.egulation (D.UKA,. Labor Laws and .
. General rule: No person or. entity other.than publi.~--.:::n-.~---::..· Sociat L~gislation:. A Barrister's Companion
f!mploymentottices sh air eng;;ige In the re-:~ifment-ru· . if'2~6lJ.,p. ·42) [hereinafter;DUKA].·
and 'placement .of workers .(0BOR C~,Pl=,.,At!)f_~)- \ · J..'':).j'. ---;v· .~~...,,_ . · . .. .· .
, . · ·. :· . .. /<':'\ L ·:.:-._;..,...=.~-~.~}'.JPLI;·.jl9~ COM.MISSION· ·ON. FILIPINOS
Exc~.ptions: Tl;le following.entit.i~1~~re!>-au!ll~ize~,:to .- . · ':9VER.~fAS/·1Sr:. .\. . _ .. · . ..
· employment: (P2~CoMOS).
1: envat~.employment agel')c1e~J.
f!tt.~ f?' f ·. . :
recruit and place workers for l0cal~~'d-;6"'.~1.Seas~~~·'fh~~~"l!'s10'2,\"<?n
.'Im·.s:
4i1~
Jl-.
~mta?-h~ to~e~ti\:\eplaced
}t
d\'ffairs;
F1hpmos ~'!erseas '·(<?FO),
the,Otpce of Em1~r?nt
~~~;1~tsJ~\ th~ formulation of policies.
2. POEA; : ,. . . I/. /. · -i . :. ·· "' affecting,, F.1lip1~ClS!I 9\>r,rseas and ·formulates an
3.. Construction contn_:ict_o.r:f!it*i1]lt!£fr.iied)11>.opera'te-- .l··:r~.egrate,ppr09ft:11.],.,_}~~tpromotes tb_~· ~~.lfare :Of.
· by )he.· D<;)Lf; and th1(~Msfructidn~ lncfi:isf~"'I ~F~Tn~s{?v~rseas(B.~P.~i/3/g_. 79), .- : ·. .. ·
: Au,thonty; . · . = ..
4. .Members of the . diplo. ati~~orp~Wµt.
·,;,,..Al . : · ~\ . : 7
• l.~ 1
-i',J· · /.,.....
hirii:lg.;:.:i..!.1'-'- ARTICJ~Q;NH-Tl0 1L .SEAMEN BOARD
.· · · · ·
. must also go t~ro1:igh. P\~~1i) l . . . ·,;.\ \, . .. •' Yffi . ~O:'p9l<Wsu~~ en~~.Y 1, ·198~) abolished the NSB ..
~- QJher persons or. ent1U!:!~\as'ma\be. utfl.R!l~ei'@,
: by the DOLE Secret.ary;.a~d · '>;'. •• ~~
4~t~,lil~· dr1:~~li:erre~i1ts fuiii~ti~ns to ~he POEA. · · · ..
1· :· -.$<. ·. c~ · , .ii ·. ; /J ·· · · .· · · · . ·
· 6 .. ....§!).ipping ·or .manning. agent,s or. r$te~~n!~tlv~~- :Ji1 , E '-J!i: F.O~IG.N SERVICE ROLE · AND
. (1 AZI/CENA, supra a·t 47).\: .. . · , .. ( S07E~,..1::;:pAR.JIC._JPATION. /I. · ·. · · ' ·
· .. . . : · .· -~. .: :)' ~~T-liiSJ.~,u~Ej'rs~e9.eti by,B.P. Big. 7.9 entitled "An.Act
Aqicle :11:... · OVEf:lSE~~. ·· ):~RL6;t~~:y:..,,~.;:;e~ticf~h; ,.,<;,0i£missionon Filipinos OveFseas. an:d ·
. ~EVEJ:..OPM~NT ~P".\RD,;·(Refer tQ tlj~e.vs_jion.1\ Ji ·,fu~iber&fl!lrposes:"· . . .. · .· · . .
. on .Ph.ilipp/ne·. Overseas. · .and · · Emplb¥meRt I,VJ-_;,...£:~_':,/ . · · · . . . ·. · · ·· : . .
, . · · ··Administration (PO~A).: · : _:. :· 7~'"':~te:''ltis ·necessaryto monitor t.t,e··status oH)FWs .
. . . . .. in th£!ir .respective areas . of assignment. and to ..
. ARTICLE'1 ~·: BA~ O.N
[)l.~ECT HIRIN.G. . . ensi.n:ethat they.are· n'ot exploited:ol'abu~ed by their·,
Direc~. Hires . - ·. worker.S·.directly. hired· by. ttte . · /o~.eign.principal e.m~loy°ers (1-~0Q()/Z, s~pra··at90).
employers for overseas,employment. • . . . . . . ·.,
·. . . . ., . . _. · Th~-- follpwin~· ·e·r1sute a~ple .pr-oteCfion to··.·Filipino
General Rule: Direct hiring of:Fillpinc> workers for · .-.~c'!.r~~rsabroad: .. · : .. · - · · ·. · . ,' · · _.•
. ov.ers~a::;erripl~~e-r,t is ·not allow~d'. · · · . .1-. · Labor. atti;iches . · -
2, · Labor reportin!;f officers ci.~signated ·. by· . th~· .
.i;l!Cceptio(!s: '.Dir~~t:·h!ring. by. rnernb.~rs· the!. oi ·$ecretary:ot Labor . : · · · ·: ··. ' -. ·
(DION) . . 3, · Phil. ·ofploma~ic·.or cot.isulai):>tfidals·co·ncerned
· 1. .Qlplomatic corps; . . . ,: . (LAlfJ':)R CQDE, A,:( 21)-:_. . . . . · · :
2 .. ·!nternational·qrganizations; ; ···
3.: ·.·other em·ployers as may b.e allowed by DOLE; . . Four go~ernment agel)cies thai ·promote the "Yelfa(e
·: and · · · ··· .· ·. · · · · ·. : .. · ·'. a net . ptote.ct the _.ri~flts ·bf . ov.er$eas Fili'plnos in·
4. Nam~ hires...:.. indivldua1 wo.;k~~swfio.:are to- · abie 1.
adtlltion. to U,cise provldeq ,,mder Art. 21: . · ·
DF-A · ·. . . .
sec:;ure cqntracts for. overseas employment. ·On
their.own efforts.arid representations without the 2. POLE··
assistance· or participation of any agency.· Their 3. POEA ·.' _
4'.. OWWA (R.A No.. 8042 as amended,··Sec. 23)_.

8 I 2019 SAN BEDALAW CENTRALIZED BAR..OPERATION$

ISllff MWRH-

.LA.SOR STAN-D-ARDS.
sA.N_B!DA !..!\W CENTRALIZED ~R OPERATIONS-~ MEMqRY AID 2019
mwwas&WM· W§ij*5il&IMW fH ¥ :aa,a YiA¥4MU 4 I 96P

3. Immigrants and · Filipino

'" protessionats and
employees workinp' . with . !J_nited
Na~ions
aqencies or speclallzed bodies (R~so_lution No...
1-83; Inter-Agency · . commltte« : for
tmotementetton ·c/E. 0 -. N9. 857):
Effects of Failure.'to Remit: : · ,.
.1 .. Workers who fail to c9mply_ with the mandatory
remittance requlrernent.shal] be suspended or"
excluded from the· list of eligible workers for ·
. overseas , employment. ·sub"~equenf .vlolatlons
shallwarrant his repatriation'. . ·.
2. 1=·mpfoye:rswho fail to comply shall be ·~xc!uded
... from the overseas employment proqrarn. -··
3. Private· employment agencies or. entities- sh al( .
face cancellatlon or revocation of Jhe_ir licenses .
orauthority to recruit, without prejudice toother
liabllltles" under· ¢x\stlng· laws · a.ng .requlatloris
."(E.O._ No. ·857, Sec. 9). ·

·.· ..
Private Fee Charging E"mploymelit Agency·(PEA). · ·
is· any person or _entity engag~d· in· the recruitment · ·
ahdplacement.of workers for ~ fee w_h_ich i_s:.ch~rg!;id;
dlrectly orlndlractly, from the workers, or employers . ·
. or both. (LABOR (:;ODE,Art..-13(c)). : . . .
. . . . ... ·: ..
50%" Private Recruitn'jent EnJlty/(f>RE) is-a.ny;person' or·
association. engaged". in the". . recruitment and.
'ptacement of workers, locally.or overseas, wi(h9ut ·
··~0%. charging,. directly .or . indirectly, . any fee -frorn the ..
'workers or employers (LABO~ COPE! Art. 13{e)). ··
.. · ~ .

2019 SAN SEDA lAW CEN!RALIZED BAR.OPERATiONS 9

 1.:ABO·R.· STANt>.A.RDS
. SAN'O£DAl:AW CENTRALIZED OAR OPERATIONS - MEMORYAID 2019
J '1b5tKM29i&HiW&FiCMswttlSt,Wt iii Eh ti¢¥. . Maw ,,;,. a
· Privat~. El'n_ployment Agenciv,. Priyate
· · ~.ecruitm.ent Entity ·

: . lt : t1as the. right d':,IIY.. It doe'~·not-.charge an'y·.

' -.,. r.ecogniz~i::I in l!=iw' t<;> fee either.·dir.ectly._or , ·.·
chc,1,r'g.e a..fe,Ef, directly or indirectly fr.om'the. .:
.indii:ectly, '.· .from . the wori<e'rs or l;)mployers to
workers or. the which'Jhey would·be .
· ·employers· · or from, deploy.ed.' .. ·
· l:!otn. · · · ' · · · ·
i:>1M'
- '.
:
.. ·:: f>SM.:·.. ·.. . .
Pr6vi'~~d·.· that . tho~e: w[th
~Xisfing li_c;en·ses '. · shall,
· -- within .... 4 · years . from].
, . .. . ~ffec~iYity . t,Jereof, increase
overseas placement or 'deplovment.
qeplpY.rhent. · . .
' " ·. · ·
~ : ·.·
·
~
.

· · ·· ·
-~- ;:==:u·
·
. . . ~~
fi J r·· ~" · ~. .
~~ 't { . 'f ;; ~
·: .. _their .cap,)tallz~~ion .or paid-
up capjtal, as µ:ie case may
be,.to PS,Q00,000 ~t the rate.
~~~ml~-~~~ . ~-='""'··--:: e:...~~ ·V,.,·/;,_" of P75t)..OOO "every y~ar.. .
is authorized . to It sour~s 'it<~uf~·~~\~"--:5..::-~-
- ~~-""~~'{'r·..:~ ... · . . ... ': . . .· . .
¥11.ted. . ~.r: :·~ Ttio$.e'h~\~t!'.!~~'.se,~rsquallfiedby· law.~r other
.. · · recruit . and

· doculnent. · .
place f~om./,fJ.P:cl!ll]),,e1it
,workers. · from:' . a. "au~l']oritY:.J:/
.
»,

·. · . if, .
/f , ·,
· /; · .
f _:. ,. · ,
·· lA
,gov~r:nm'lmtf' reg~(allons . to: engagl:l m , the
r~11tme.ri\.(aff~ \p.laqement of workers for
denornlnated as /1 ?'·; r- . . ·
~y.erjea~. ~jP1QY.,Ttt·.(lf.?,R ·o( L,ABOR CODE,
· ''licen~e."' · · · ·· · iJ-:~~- [ · .· · _ -,; i -:-:). ~i!J9f'fI, Rule ff,. $~c 2). · · . '. · . . . . -
CH,~~' ~r.Re.vi~w~~.o~L·a~&.<'ir.(\ (2Q:17J),.
[hert:tmaft~rCHANR:v,ewerf·J\\ ,j .. ·.!. ~~,2:;\~.; .'~
\~~.,~-Jr~qu,j~~~-fr- .it~~nt a~~.P·l~~eme~t
~r~J_·· }'~J
~t · · .· .: . ;.
or.·
.... · · · ·'t\J, "'·.\ r · ().!'\"~:. :'.~ .I~ ~·.<".~~Jeasi:~m.Pl.oY;ment· · · · · · . ,:
· ... Article 26: Travel A~epc.ies E:'{oh1btr,d.to ·~"' · r:~u~;;J · ·,~):13~r'.th~20-16~#}EA _Reil.es and Regulation on·
L(
: · Artlele zr. Citizensh11;)·.Requir~meht\Artfcle~l_~~tlieRe~toitrn.enJ;&.:EfT,lploytnent',of L.and~llcl'$ed
· · Capit"lization.·_ (See fol~ovyi'f.ig di~ce~~(oif.·.§f(!,{E~-r··c\~: ve~rlasvV01er~. Rl.!1~· r;.~ec.. 3.: (TQC-~ES)
1.;..-2~'!-~~el
. · qualitiCf:!tionsl_disqu.?lifications). ' .,~·
:- · 1 -~ ~- ~ 1!. J.' ~~~.~ties, and , s~les . ~geJ1<;:ie.s. of
· · · ·. · · · · · ,. : · --< 9et
-""'~=.=:""- -1;.~1rl.~_dom.pa11ies;·. · , .'. . . . - . . .
. ~uafiflcatiqns fof J:>~rticip3.tiol'I -In ·. ~rli.ft'i.~nt. r,. { t,~~
\t!Jielrs~:9r.··meiribers· o~. ~~ ~ard of,any
.. ~n~. ~l~cem':nt Ac~viti_es:· ... "· . . · ""~...~ .. 1Vt£.--~~:rcol"J)o~a~i~n,-o~. rne~~,ers:ifl a· p~Hi:ier.s.~ip
· . · . 1:. rC1U;z:ensh1p requ1reme.nt : . · · . · · ~~ :· · eng,aged 11) the business. of 1:1 ~ravel .age,ncy;·
· . . . ·a, Filipino..ci!ii:ens ·~ct1ngas sole_ pr9pnetor,stiip c, ·. ~orpo.ratiol)s and par.tner~hip~•. wheii•any.of
.. ; · or.-,par'tnership;.9r . · · •.. ·. . . '. · . · .. . its .offic;:ers, . rri~m.be'rs·.. tit. th~ . board· or
'?-'.· ·corporatiorys with at. .least :.'75% of the ... 'partners, is also an: offic~r; meml;1er ohhe
·.. authc;>ri_zed and voting caplt~I. stockofw):lich · ·bpard · or. partne<_: of .~i
.corpo~atiqh '. or
. · . ·,, . 'is .own~d. a_nd. cont.rolled· by Filipinp· citize_ns partners.~ip engijged in ·fhe ·.bu~ine.ss·.o.f. a
. : . ·:. (LAB9R CbOE; Arf 27)(·'. :. . . : • .travef~gency(int~r}pcl:(lng -qfflcets);: .....
. - ·.. 2... Capitalization (LABOR CO'DE,.Art. 28) · . . d. rndividuals, partners;o.ffic~rs o(Qirectoi'~ of
. '·. a. Private . employirieot : ag!3.ricy ''fpr :: loc.al.. c,1n in$.,uraQCe·company\y)1Q fnake; woppse
. e!'Tlployment · · ·. · · . · . · · ·., . ·. ·o:r provide pn insuraqce. coiitract u.nder' the
. . ' .. . . ·_. . · ·): .: . compulsory insurance cove·rage·f<;>r-agency-
. i .. _, ·:hi.red Overs·eas f.:Qipi.rio Workers~ . · · . ·
- e.·· ,§.tile· propFietors. pa~n~.rs or.'.offl,~ers· and
. · me.mbers of the -board wlth derogatory·
rec·ords,', sucti 'as, 't;,u'r.-11ot limit~ij -to ·the:
following: :. _.. ·: . ~ . . ·, . . ' . .
i. : Tliose convict~d. or :againl?t . whorn
.. · ... probabl~. cause ·or prin;,a: fa~ie ~rid.ing _of
guilt : ls deter.fl')i~ed .bY. '. q . competen_t
·authority', for illegal. ~ecruitmE;lnt, .or for ·

16 r ~o~g·sAN' sEoA LAW cENTRAL1i:Eo sAA oPEtv\T10Ns

 ·,w, jif 4 . \lb NE+i'.W.i-wntta

. SAi',/l.-A.BOR·STANDARDS
BEQA L:AW CENTTIALIZEDBAR (?PERATIONS.- MEMOR\'·AJD2019
•• 4 >AW¥¥4¥ J . NHI 4:*A ff Y¢1H2tis,± si-i6:4:-":"'
>4flt·SMf4fRRStl%0R~~~:,

other ·. related crimes or offenses .. d. ~ooperatives whether regi~tered or not .

committed in the course of, related to. or underJhe Cooperative Act of the Philippines
. resulting from; illegal recruitment or for (Sec. 5(d)); :
crimes involving moral turpitude· • . .. e. Law ~nforcers and any. official or employe~
it Those· ag'encies· Whose licens~s H'ave Qf the DOLE (Sec. 5(e)); ·· · ..
been: revoked for· viotatlon of RA 8042' . · f. .§ole p(op~ietors of duly licensed agencies
(Migrant. ·.Workers·· and. Overseas are prohibited from securing another license
-FiflplnosAct of 1995), as amended, PD l!J eng;:ig_e · in recruitment anp placement
· 442 (Labor Code bf the Philippines), as · (Sec. 5(1)); and.
,.·arriended, and :RA ·9208 (Trafficking.Jn g. ·. .§.ole proprietors, fartnerships or. .
Persons Act of 2003), as amended; and . . . . :&orporation~ licensed to. engage. in private.
their irnPl.errieriting · rules . ~nd · . : recruitrrrent · and· placement. · for local
. regufations; . ·. . : . ~ri1ployme'n! .a.~eproh'i~ited from e.i:igaging in
m. Those agencies whose licenses ·have· . job co_ntractirig··or s.ubcqntractfng:activities
': ··been cancelled, orthose who; pursuant . (Sec .. 5(g)f ' '
to' th0e.Order of the Admfnistrator;were ·. ..
. .
.
' .
.
. , ...ipcllid~d ·. i~ · the list of' persons" :with. Lu;ense vs:. Authority .
· ·. · · deroqatory · record · 'for .: violation· .of
. . .'ricrvitrnent laws andrequlanons: and . . •• . '
·t :..AnY.°·-·offii::i~I :· or gmployee o(.th~·. ·'ooLE; · _,,.,:i '. · .: "· :. . · · . ~. ~- .· ..
POEA, ·OWWA;· D.F.A, !;)OJ, DOH,· Bl, ic<~··J{_ A document .1s~~e_d by_ A document (SSUed by·
.NLRC; . 'fE$DA, .CFO, NBI, PNP., . Ctvil'l,t~,,~ th_e QOLE ~uthorizmg a 001:.E authorizing . a,
Aviation.Au.~hor,ityof}b~ Phii;ppines (CMF,{~·~''..".~ person>: 0~ · en~tY, .. to person or._associatyoo'10 ·:
lnternational P.,irp_ort Aut~oritit,~s·;-and ot~E1mi.7::hJ.' operate · · t .
pnvat~. engage 1_n recru1~n_i~nt .
.gpvernr,r1ent aqencles .dlrectly ·in.vbl,Yed' i,1-l.'~.,. ;l~~.~~Qt~-':Pf,; aqency and Pl?~~ment ac!1v1t1es
the·: in:ipl~~entation,:. of RA/8,~2~'.' as \Jh . . tlMJ:ft_~:·fif?,~E,. Art.. as -~ private. recru1~ment :
a1;1~n.ded, .an~tpr any, of .hi1?~.er,,.relativeS:),-;-~(.· · ~3(a)J.· ·ii{~. · entity .(~ABOR- CODEi .
.
· .. affinity (R.A. .No.··8042, 'Sec.jfft,;
· . · .·. . . ··
r-~~t~ "•.
w1th1.n the 4th ct\111.pegree:of c;o)1s~r(guinity 9y-'i; .·

. ";,/.Y: :/.~s• ..
l'-} .
.
· · ;. / ~ \\ · · ·' _: · . ·
· •:.~ For·Qverffea~.En;1ployme.nt· . ·
. _t'. !J ~-
· '
. : _
. Art. 13(1)).

: J~ot~:·. Thus: ·it_ s.h~ll·jit(°unla.~4}'for· ·a~~. I~:·\ Within, ryl,~ _(5{w?r~jn~ da}'.~ .frq~-sati~f?_cti6ri?f the
'. .. ,.
... :offic1.al oremployee of:wro@l=E.,t,tl'J~ ~~~_;· .t:··r.
p~t~1;1~[1fi~ti,9~1]{~q~ir~ments, a pre>VISJOn~l. liqen'se·..
· or t~e OWWA; ~~ ~Dta~·t:ir.0t11i~D :· ~-~~ which sh.~J~~~y.~_l.!9',W1thtn a non-:exte_ndible'period o'f ·
.. . . .~ov~!:11ment ?Qei:ic1es. if:!¥9.1.'i~~-~.(in . the ... · 1.~,
~o. (?) yea~s.·.frotn the. date. o.t. issuan~e ~hall be ·
: · . implementation of this Act..~r. tneir \Elrjltj~ls .. . 11... 1ssoecf by : the PO.!=A '(2016 POEA Rules ana.
; . \oVithin ~h~. 4.th .civil d~g~ee_.of.§~~~~$11,Ji~,ity·'·. 'I ~:rtf/f~~{a(ions.. F'art_.11, 1j,ufe·11, Sec'..· .11). . .· :.
,.. pr affinity, to engage; d1~eclly,or md1rec_tly'_j~l:,_,.:;.,•,'t?;'l,h' ! 1Y':~ ·. . . . .
·the_.ti1:1.si.ness'of i.e!~ru1tirig:_·111i~Wnt-.w9;~irs · : Upon._-appli~tion,: a ·P!.ovlsional .Hce:nse i'n~y be
. · ·· ·. _- .. (f,?.A. N.q, 8042,. Sec, 8).· . ··~t~-l!. . . up~r~ded_ to a reguli:ir license at ~n.Y t1rt1~· d4rirg its.:
. ·. . · · .. · , ,, ... · . . _. '.. ·. .: · · · . ·. ·. ~. · - vahd1ty: .uP.<:>i::i d13ptq~m.~nt pf one hundred, {100).
2. Local Employment ... · . work~rs:. ta Its n~w pnnc,paJ/s .(2016 POf=A Rules &
· . · · Undei Departr.nent Order No. 14l 14 · S' · 5 ·· R~gil/ation'$ Go.vernfng Overseas Employment, Sec: . :;
,,
¥.• ·
. (ITAC-00-RC"
. . . '-ES'"'P.C):
-.;, . . , . - . '·. ec.
. : tjt;· :
I .
· · ...
.
·
. .
.·r . ·
.
· ··:: .· ..... ·.
. .. .,
ef. ·. . a. · Those ·wh_e.· · are: ;·.c::c,nviciteci'· :of !l!egal ,, . . ' . . · ·
/( . recr;uitrner,it; .Jraffic.kiJ'.l'g'·ih persons, ·Anti· .N9te: The ·.applici:ltion. · fpr. _up~raping-.,. 9f :· th~/:.,.'
'r\·. ,:child labor. violatio,:i', o(:Qril]l~S. in.volv.ing provfsionc1I licens_e shall ·be filed withil) :tt:ir.e~e:··(3):: .
·'· · · moral _turpitude (Sec. 5(a));·:..,.. . . •. . months before· · the ··expiration· of the. provrs.kmak .
,· ·b.· :,Tt:iose. again.~t wh·9m proba~le- cause·,or . , license·:(~016POEARules'8,ReguJi,tiot,s¢.<;1vf!fning;\~
· .. ·.: .pri,:na· /acie :.finclin!)·. ot.·;guilt · for :illegal· ·.
-recruitment. or· other related cases 'exists '
. .6verse_as Emp/oyrnerit,=Bec.'}4).·
.. ; . ..
.> -;'.;-:". · ·.·] /. /,:t.
- . . ·. -.~ : .... :: •.···. ::,:;.;_:·:· . : '. :'.:' ,.'
.·" particul~r~y to . O.wn~rs'. ort·. Dir.ectcirs.'..
... agencies . Wll'O;.~ave .. commTtteci'-jl!egal' . .
oi . " A ljce'ns·ed r:1:1crult'tnent.agency. .s~i:iufcl ,'sclbrnft:·
appli~~tion fer·t!le renewal .of.its'llc~nie·wJthirft)ir'ee.
ari':'.._:;
· ··. retruitmerit:"or·.ath·er related cases· (Sec. P)months before·the.explration ofJ~s·li~~tise.-(2016.,.
· ... 5(bJ)· · . . .. - .· ' .· . pOEA- RuJes & Regulations, Governing "overseas '
· .·.- ;.· · ."fho£e whose l!c~ns.es.. h.ave'b~e~ previou~I; . Emi:>foym_ent, Sec: ~ 5).' . . · · . . . : : .· · .
. , · Bevo\(ed · 9r ~.n.celle<J.by. the.: Deparfment
· ·. ·.. 1:inder Sec. 54 of these rul~s·.(Sec. ·5 (c)J; ·

2019 SAN BEOA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OP.ERATIONS 11

 LAB.OR·STAN DAROS
SAN BEOA..,IAWCENTRA~l:tED BAR OPERATIO,VSe- M~ORV Al!J 2.~19 .
aim IAMfft± . if:IMW Mli5Wi1Ni&E!Sil WIMMESI· Fl&R4PM &FR A

For Local Employment . · results in ': theac1ua1· di~solutlon 'of · the

The· appllc::ation ·for license shall b.e filed· in \he · partnership. The s1.1rvlvlng· partner/s shall, within··
Region.al Office/Field Office having jt,Jrisdictio.Q 'over 10 days, report such d~att\ or withdrawal to the
the place where·the appi'icant iritends to.. establish its Administration. Failure to' report l?hall
· office.(D.'0.''141-14, Sec .. 8). ·.' . ·. . . . automatically include the saryiving 'partner/s 'in
the 11$t of persons with derogatory're~rd .. (201~
'An application. for r'enewa1 of license mas.t be tiled POEA · Ri!les . and . Re·gul;;i,tions.. Governing·
not earller than sixty (60} days btit not later .than Overseas·Employment,Rule II, Sec. 23).
. thirty .(30.) days befo,re expiration. :The. validity ~f thE! 4. Recruitment ·outside ·registered·.buslriess ·,;.;, A
renewed license shall start on tt)e date of.' expiration licensed -~ecr.ulti:nent .agen.cy may cohduct'
·of-the: pre.via.us license (b.. O, ..N.o,> 141~14, Sec. 13): rem.1i~ment activities . outside. its · regi.ste.r_ed
. . : .. ~ . . address.. by secu'ring a $.pecic:11 R~cruitment .
. Validity· of License ,.: . .. . Authority prior lo the con·duct of the recruitment
· 1. For· Ove.rs'eas ·.EmpJoyment . ...,; ··The regular (2016 POEA.Rules·and Regulations Governing
. . license. stialf be valid up to the full term of four ·ovet~eas Emp7oyrnent;'Ruie .VII, Sec. :sa). ·, - .
·. : (4) years .frorn the date 'of.. issuance :Of ·the
·'provlsi,;inai: :license·. (2016: POEA Rules .a!Jcf ... ·. . For.Local Emp.loyme_i-it . ·..
· .. :. ·"Regula.tiori.s·fattil;·RtJleII, Sec. 14f . .· . · 1. Transfer/chanqe ..otownership or control·- .A.n
·: 2.- ,i=~~. Loca.1: Emp_loyme.n.t-:-The· li~.ens.e. sh~~l,&~===~~gen.cy- d~siri~g .' to .transfer. :6w.~ersh.ip :·~ha.II
T. )\
va!i.~... for .ttJree. (3) ·Y.ears .frc::>rf! .-th;,,s~te ~f .1f · ,~sor.i:,~~der its· license. to the 1~sumg· Reg1on13I.
lssuance unless sooner revoked Qr.,,.can~e~led .U · . -! ·i.J?1_,c7"aFJ..d the n~w·'?wner(s _of'th.e..agency must.
.::J~<.~:r;_~'*'<'<
:(p.0,.('19 .. ·141-14, Sec. 12) .. : .a,p~l{.!9.J:~!:!eWl!cense.A~h~n.ge.·or transfer of
_. . · ··. ., . . · /./· . '\6.1!?': . . ~,etsh11(~'r~:.. single proprietorship shall <?aus~
I ·!l'TY,_,~eP· 'JF'·"=.,._i.tJ~_i:it1.t9'alahc-r~ocation of the license (Q..C>. No.
.
.. ARTICLE 29: NON-TRANSFER~!·
LICEN~E OR AUTHO_RITY · tft)~.
No llcens~ or authority sha}f b~\,1s, d, di~ctly. /Jr
r. 11':}) '){- w· .: 14'{z.1?!:§~ef:tt5,,tpa[.1~2) .. · . : ·,·
~. i2~ Death of\oJe pro~netor - In case of death of a
.

Indirectly,' by any person othe'r,than tife.one n:wh_ose . .,, · sing!} pro~{ietg(}'flilelicense may be extended
·, ·. favor it. was issued, nor ·at ·aMf]jftfci'~other ll'i~r'(1naf . ~-.. -:::-"'fof'~t mor1 ~c;;!~"4s~(6) '.months fromthe dea\ti
· ~tat~~ ·ia ttie.' lice~se or a,~t.l'fo·rity: (.nor.. ~a(~l\l'tf!7"< ~-~:!Sf .thJ~ pr'?RrijfcirU!j>~~ ~he reques.t <?f.t~e h~irs to
·. hce~se or ~ut~onty). be t.r!h~fe(<r d, ·C?O~~y~~.lot:: ,.trr ,-)a con_Jmu!=!.onlr,to"'!:r~ purpose .~f~mdmg ?f? ~he
· ass1gn~d ,to· .a.ny. ~ther p.e(S(?At'9~\e 1!fJJl~E:__~f{!! bu~1.[e;s ~.p.eratiorns or :until ·,~s- .exp1rat1on
.... CODE,.Art•. 2.9).. :· · ...
. .· ~ 'FJ0 :
-t~ <' ~~:.' ;°·.':jB.? ),%'~ ,!fio/,~r
:~
~.,,A'1\ , '~ k.,4~ 6',4fzyr. 3).« - .~
1 p,q~~s-fftr.~tf~.0.-,No;, ~41.-14'. Sec.
fl . ·
. Fo,r Oyer~ea~:En:tp·l~yment\ .• > ~. · "-j) .1:~. ~. ~~~/-~.t~olutif.ot. p~ership· ~·.A ·7h1:111ge i!'l thS: .
. . 1 .. Tran.sf.er/(?h.ange. ·of qwne°?-sh1p or .:~gnp-. l~"- /_J,?.f~atio·n1nip..am9ng.thepartners ~~all.cause.the
. ·. . case·' of change in. fhe co\ijroliin!f~.harll..,s.5£>~rm- 'f"L'\~ll}~dia.te. . <!ifsolution. of the 'p~rtnership
· coinpositipn oflh.e board of di~e~orsl~~~~h'~~__ws~l~il'W~Jo ~(th'e -auto.tnatic revocatfo1y of tt,e
. . br'_any ~~af')i;;fer. ~f.con1!:0l:.,i~ the·o~'tai?rasiQ~·~r---11f~fl~,(~':".~:No:_,141-11:. Sec. :16', ~ar.. 4).·. . .
-. ·, .licensed ·r~cru1tm~nt :.~9E;rycy; .tt:ie _. ;~.ej of 1\i[Jl·1~~l:~me~tOutside registered business~ The
· board ofclirecto'rs/partners shall. be .su jeG.O.o a · .• i:r:.U. ~-:-autl'iority;to recruit m;:iy be iss.u'e'd toge'ther- w.ith ·
'pane'l'irii~rvie.w to:·asce.rt~in. th~if qu~lifjqati~"'·•=·::r.,..:=:'"fhe..li9e·n~e: . such . alitl)orit9-. 'shalt:· be· .v131icl'
: )n J:ase·'.of.-frar.i~fer of..~ny ~.ha,:es 9f .stocks, the , ... : . · nationwide (D.O: No,. 141,,'.14, Se'c.)t:8).. .-·.
. lice.t:1s'e·d. reeriJitm~nt
. -~gency sh~II ..~otify ·.. ttie · : · · · · ·. · · ·
.P.OEAwith'in 30 days.from SEC approval {2016 . .·ARTICLE :fo: REGISTRATIPN ..F.E.ES · . ' : ... ,
POEA . · Rules. '·an.d .· R~gutaHons, · Gov.l3r,ning .. · · .Th,& Sepretary of L~bor sh~JI prqml,ilgate.schedule:of
. '·. O~erseas Eniploymen,t,.R.ufe. · II, ,Sec, 25~26): . ' · ·fees. for. the i'egist~a~i.o.n' of ·alt applicants f9r tiGense
2. · Death of sole proprietor·:.....1:t1e )1cei1se otth~ ·sole . or· aµthority (LABOB·CODE, A'!-
·90). · _.· · · ·
. . prqprie.forshfp. shali. au~omatically .,bE;i re~oked.., .
·~i;,on l.he de.ath ot:the sole ·proprietor: .' The-.next- .. · ·, ·ARTICLE 3f
amrns · · .
. ·in-rank.: offi~.er ·of the agency· !>hall,· within. 10 A!_i:applical!ts1or !icense' or au~,hority shafl posr'such.
. . days,:·r~porf .. such ·cte.ath· t.<:i·the Adm'inistralion; . cash .and ·surety bon.ds· a~"dete(mined·by S.ecretaiy
. . .. · ': Failur~ to. report shalr'autoruatically include such of LabQr (LABOR·COOE, Art .. 31).... :
: .· n.~xt-lri-rank ·officer. lri trye . iiit c::>f, 'pe~ons. with .
· derogatory record {2016 POEA Rules 'and Purp.9se~ .
R,egul<!fi.ons. Governing. Oversea.sEfr!pioyment, 1·_. 10 guararitee cori'Jpllance . with presc'ribe~

3, Rule II, Sec. 22}... · .. ·

Diss9lulion bf partnership ..:.. The license .of a
. pa,:tnershiR ~hall qe automatic.ally revoked .upon
. ~ec.n:iitr:nent ·procedures, rules a,:id reg4lations,
and · terms., and . co~i:Htlohs ·· of · em.ploymei:i.t
(LABOR .CODE, ·Art: 31):. ·
·the· -death or: withdrawal of · a p·artner which
.materially interrupts the c~urse of ousiness or

. 12 I 2019 SAN BED.A.,LP,W CENTRALIZED B~ OPERATIONS

 f·r...-~£:11S1~mmrz~m11111mm._mimllmilmmmmlB!ll:B111m.Dmallllml~mmiamsmr.mmaiz~::::;;.r:~~~

f·
f"
LABOR .STANDARDS
SAN B£DA LAW CENTRAHZE:DBAR OPERATIONS - ,MEMORY AI0.2019
,as-A+Siii iMMt Hi 2¥& tis d05M •. A . iMrihw+tN . A·' . iSPPM&M
t,;t: . .
t·.: · 2. To ensure prompt a~d effective recourse aqainst comp.ly· witt) such notice will iesult in ·the suspension·
&. . such. companies when held liable for applicants ofthe._license of the rec~itment agency. Within the
~:t... -or worker's claim (Finmari
. . General
. Assarence
. . same 15-day period,· the. licensed· recruitment
{ Corp. v. · Inocencio, · G.R. Nos. 90273-75,. agency may explain-why-ifstioutd· not be.suspended ..
(/ November 15;: 1989); and for · such · failure to comply . (2.016 . Rule~ and
t· 3: :t:o answer for. all valid and leg13I clalms .~rising Regulation . on . the Reciuitment·& Employment of
t'· · .
from the use of.the. license (D.Q. 141:.14, Sec. ·L~nd_-based Overseas Workers,.RufeII-Sec;. 17).
K · 11) ..
i·.' . The .deposlt ln -escrow of a licensed recruitment
i:f-.· For Overaeas Emplpyment .: . · agency that'voluntaruy surrenders lts license or has·
t A.licensed recruitment aqency shall maintain. at all · not renewed · its _liyense·. shall· be released upon.
f' times· its escrow· deposit i[I the mtnlmum amount pf submission of the fQ_lloWing: . ·, ..
{ ·. P1 ,OqO;OOO: tn case . the·. licensed recruitment · 1:. ·.copy.:, of the duh, execute·d/signed. escrow
f :agency is required i:)n addttionarescrow pursuant to .. -.agreement; .· . - · .
;t · Sec .. 15·, · if: shalt .malntain . the escrow deposit pf 2. Bank. certification on.the.·· status ..of· ··escr.ow
;,; ·. P1;000,000 plus the'adilitional escrow.(2.Q16 Rules . deposit;· . . .
[ .end Reg_ulatib.n'on.the Recruitment & Emplqyme,nt ·3. ·-, Certificate ~f No·.Pen_dirig Case from the NLRC; ', .·
f · .ofL'and;basedOverseas Wotkers;Rule II Sec. 17). 4. Clearancefrom ttle·Adjudica.tic:>n Office; .
,., . . , . 5 .. · Not~rized · . Board, . ···Resolutiqn/Partnership ·
<-' N~te: Hie deposit in escrow shall be reteasedwherr /~1 . Resolution. <July received by t.he SEC-.on the
!;- the licensed . ·recruitment' agency vqluntar,Uf>9f decision to withdraw .eserowdeposlt, .jndicating
' . surrenders ' its license .' and upon .submtssion', OJI,{,;;\ : the ~ame_ Of the person tc J?f0C9SS .and recelve
t·· · documentary requirements· and, · a surety b:9P~1··"·· 'H·'; 1 . the check"representing the escrow deposit; and
f: eci~_ivalent t~ the arl'!e>unt of !he _escrow;deposit\i~HJ:I;: :.::;.'i-:;.q,:-:;~ur~ty J>?nd ~ui~alerit_ to ·Jhe · amount ?f !he·
~.:.·:_ · for four .(4) years f~orn exP,1ra~qn of ltcense,:.(?01;~·i';}),·pl~~~t_g~o~o~C:!.~pos1f vahd for. 4 years froi:n exp1rat1on
1, . Rules f:1nd RfJgulation oi'.) the . ReCfJJit!f,.ffnt. · _&·.~"./ ·l"f . . of~he-li~er;ise,: if- ~ppliC?lble (201.6 _Rules and
r· .Employment of t..and-based . Overs,eJ#_"'"'~'\i\>rke(i:1-,::,..f\. · . . · Regulafjpf/}~n the Recri./itment.& Employmentof
k· Rule 1/_S,ec;19). .
?°: · · · . ···. ·. · _.
· ·
.
. ;: ..t1·1
.,.j,,S .:.~~ · ·
· Fi=\
ff;.,
LaQ_d-qiiecJi.\Overseas
19}>-f.· 1{ · 1 • ·
W<:>rkers; Rule JI, Sec..
. •· · · · .
· . For·Local Employment . /?' .· ~jxb, . _.. I':>, .-. . · /r· ~·- . · . . . ·. . . . · : .· · .
t::·\: 3~U~~EJ-2:?· ~~
{
/
·
. Up~n· approv~I of ;appl\cation·,flle.~ppli_oi~~sti,j1iP.PST~·. ·
1, AR!l.~~t
a _cas~ ~ond 1n ..~he amount of,f~0.(1)00"~1'·~-sor~~ · ., ,,;. Any_ '~~1?.iJ~~P:P.JY1~_g,-w1th. a: private _fee-c~~rg1n_g
b9no in the sum of P100,ooo~(O.,,Q.t:!~f1f./4~ S£?f.i · ·· f~ employment{.clg.en·cyfor .employment_ as_s1stance
~Al~ BY WO~KER~

;, 11 J: . : . : . . · . . · -~~'"rfr'\' :/ ·. 1 :., stiall rrot be ch.argectany _fee until h_e/~~e.~as~.

1-. · ·· ' · . . · . . : .· .. · · . .. · · '-?°..f,, · . ;",' ·_- < . :· ~.~;.,.;.1. . O~tain~tJ employment.thr.ou~~ effor;ts; ·cir .
.
:,;
__'_ ; ~ote: The _agency O?ay vqh.!n.tarjly :t~i:_i:~~~~r:/~ .... :). ·;,::ilRA.s™:-gI!X ~ommenced·employment.· · ·
: . h~en.s.~.. }t.shall_ p~·_er.ititle~ to the refu~tofitsr.~~-fF,~ ...'--"J,!!...~,,&:-' . .. . . . . . . .
bohp°;~ff~r _posting a_ svrety bond frd~ a. be~_dfng Such fee sha.ll·be alwayi,. co\ler~ w1tti app~opnate
f ·. ~6i:1ipany·ac~retj_it~d by IC . .It ~.hall be. yali~J~li:,1hree· ·rec~ipt.s cl¢a~y showing the aiyiount:paict: ·
~ . ye;:irf-...from dat'3 .· of· filing of.. n·o!ice .of.':blosure. · · · · · . ·· ·.. :
t:' · , . R_o,vever, t}le agency ·may inst_eaq opt to maintair:i Eor:overs·e~s E~ployfT!e.nt
tr; th.~_cash bond_forth~ee ye~1rs(p:o. r:,Jo. ·141-14, Seq: A-lai:id_~.b.ased.ag~~cy:-may charge.and collect from
t. 65). · . . :: . · ·. · ·· · · · . . · · · .... . · its l:lired wo.rk1;ir-s the followirig: · . · ·. · .
f · ·· · · · · ·: 1. · Pfacemert; · fe~ ,equival~nt · to. -one. (1}-mont~
)_.,:· exemi>ti.on tr~n,- G~~nishm~nt , _ :. . . salary exch.isfye of doc1.fmentatio11·costs; ·
The . :bond. : _is· .. il')te,nded to · answet pnly · · f.or ·· :
;,_ ·.employment-related·c'taims arid for v!olation of.labor ·.. N~te~ i;he:·fCll!qwi_ngare ex.cEipte·d fr~m p~yment
( · laws ... ·.. · . .of S\JCh placem~rit and recruitment-fees:. · ·.
,. a. . Domestic worke~s;._a.nd.. :- . · . .. . . .
f: . cash bbnd-'filed by ~ppli~nts (or license or authority t?. . ·work~rs tq -be deployed t<;> countries where
;'._ · _is:.Aot subject fo.gami;,hme~t by a judgment creditor.· , ·.· · ·the preyailing system,·either qy.:raw, ·pqlicy·
t, · · ot t~e ag!3ncy<The cash b9nd. is re,s(;?rved- far" the .or practice do not allow;dlrectly or·indirectly, ·.
r- . ·.employment-relat~d claims of:overseas wo~ker~ and the . ·. chaming ·:. ;:i.nd ·collection .. pf
f· · for_,violatiqns ~f labor laws (C.apricorn /nt'I.. .Trav_el v, · recn;iit_inent/placiemenf fee : : (2016 POEA · ·
. CA, G.R. No...9109.6, ApiW.3,, 1990). · · Rule$-B'ndR.egulations_Governing Overseas
~·· · 1;:mplojiment,:BoolUI,Rule V, Sec. 51);
k -

f: "in .ca~e-.the ·escro~ .deposit ·has been _garnished,

f. · the licensed -rec_ruitment agency ·Shall .repl.e'nish the 2.: Documentation costs such·as.the following:
! · . escrow deposit° wit.bin · 15 . day~ from receipt ··of ·: a.· Passpo,::t; · . .
r,_'. .. the Notice to ·.Replenish.- Escrow. Depcis_it Failure to b. NBI/Poli.ce'/BarangayClearance;
,.

r
~·{ .. ..
i.
~·.
2019 SAN BEDA LAW CE.NTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS 13
 hMf I l!i-MRMYMIS&i?Al'l
~&:J Ai ¥19 c;:t

LABO·R .STAN.DARD.S
SAN BE_DA.~w CENTRALIZED BA~ 'oPEilATIONS - ME~O~YAID 2019 ,
HCP&AAHHYMNRMR A ti $Pii7'&CCMfP.¥HHMMN##J.$:ii-Pij!iiMM pWWMWtlili.-

c. Authentication: 4. ·. Failure fo comply with the 4ndertaking·submitted

d. Birth Ce~ificate; . as· requireme_nt fo'r 13ccreditation (20.16 ·POEA
e. . Medi~re; . Rules and Regu_lations Governing Overseas
f. Trade Test, if riec~ssary; . . -EmploymentSec, 104!-'
g ..: lnbc.ulatiOIJ, when required· by hos.t country; .
~nd · · . Grounds for Suspensiot,/Cancellation of License.
h. Me.dical. E;xamJnation. fees · (1 AZUCENA, 1.. · · Unjustified' refusal to-asstst/repatrtate .dlstressed
supra at 96). ( · ·. . · . :. · · Overseas Fllipino W9rker/s;: · ·
2. Deflberate . vlolatron/non-cornpnance of · .the ·
· No other charges in whateve~ amount, forn:i, m_anner principal/employer' with .· its ccntractual
or purpose shall be ch~r-ged..~gaitist the averse.as obligations to its hired 'Overseas Filipino
Fil.ipino Worke'r, except those specified- in. this Rule· Worker/s; . .
(2016 POEA Rules · a,id. Rf:igulatlons Governing 3; . Continued processinq and deployment of the
. Over.seas·El!lployment, Book:If, · f:!.tJ/e '.V, :Seo.: 54); . Overseas · Filipino Workers for . the' .
.' and. · · princlpal/employer will . lead- to 'the. further-
'exploltation of any oi all. of ifs applicants and.
'. The worker shall -pay the placement fee to. the . . Overseas. Filipino Workers cir pose imminent
licensed :rec.ruitmetJt.agency:only after'.signing the . ·:·' danger to thetives and safety of its Overseas
POEA-approved contract. The agency muat iss~#... ..:..-- ·=,~Filipino Worker/s; or· · · .
.BIR-registered receipt stating the pate of p,a'9rne!1t·r :.-1 {1'. "Wll.§,P found t~ .. have hired. and. em_r:,loyed
l.,.-f f\]a"J!0'1,._e.~"easFtlipmo \ly~rker "':'ho i_s ·~1t~er a.
and the_exact ?mOllJ?~ pa_id.(20:16 POE;fo1i.._uJ~tiand
R9gulat10ns Gov.ern,ng OverS(!Bf;,,tYfi!mplpyro':Jitr--;-~>
Book JI, Rule v; Sec. 51). · · · /f. \\/~·:"":· .
.. --'°;,,.~ Q21n0/ _;;?' below · _the prescribed rmrumum
. '·:a~ .requ!r~~~flt (2016 'POEA Rules &
·/ . · , .' i
1 "~<._;,..1,~_.,;,-""'1~~= ...,,,,B~fitl/.f.t{br,,s"q~~erningOvers!3as En:,p/oyment,·
For Local Employment : / ..,(_}.~"\ '7.- {. "ill · 'j( '"\V( . Se'Q.· 1(}.:J)·~rf:');\\ · . .. ·'.
_No fee whatsoever shall . ;f>e . CQIJ!fctedJ ,:1eith.Mr ;.{\\.. A.~ : . \ _ "\ { \ ·· . . · -. .
_.deducted from the salaries o.f~vages:!b(the!workers.. Junsdic~ion \ ,r {]). ~' ·· ...
Instead. the agencx. may·~~.af:sl:J'>t(1e e_m~yers_a. ~ne.-Q~~~-Sec~et-ar~/0B?~'; C:<?~E, Art. 35) arid
service fee an? the ·transpp)tatieijif,expel')Sf;,S,oK'lb'e-_?, . '1:!.tfJOE~ ~av~-Wcytreu!f~ntJµ~1sd1cll()n.to suspend or
worker from place of residef ce ta the plac~of__w~ t . ~c~I ~ I teens~ (.If~'!;I~ -?-,ct19n Overseas Corp. v..
(D.0. No, 141-14, Sec. ·35).,;);~-~_1_U· - r]:~,.&W';
.
~RTICLE 33:. ~EP~RTS\~
. ft
~t) \M~~·""ti·~~·
. t\

, · . "''\
'\: -~ ~·-
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·,. ,-;'---,=>~9c~/!f'~JJ:J5LJ;)~.R~fg_-·
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r ·r,:7 ~l/ff!.Jf._") '!'
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t.~,J·. , .
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1095_83, _Sep~ember_.5,
: . ,
STATUS ,, ·\! ' lP~~lL". { '"'"' :.v-'G-s"~ : . .k. • I . . •

Whenever the public lnterest r\uir_es,{~ Seegjtcl1Y"-.'J.><";{'&e,i~e~~:.~~tn_o :-~rk~r-;efe~sto ba person w~ !s

.of L_abo_r may direct all person~ 'er.~efltiti_es,w_ithln·f.h~~-~ ,.,...9e 'ts ;,;P,ga.ge _.or as_ ee~ E!ngag m
coverage of thisTitle·tO submit a reP,ort on'tl)E!i;S~\'.1~~1:-:·e ,lllJ~!~ted.a9J1V1ty tn a State of wh1ch_,he_Or: $he
of employfTlent, includ.ing joB vaca~ies{ 6Jtail$"'oi~_..,,,d.~·p?11i~,c1t~~~or on boa.rd_ a v_esse_l!'av~gatmg the .
job requisitions, separation.from jobs.~<iijfl.A:,Jher.• , ff A"l~.wr~~~-~i·~fher-_.th~n a ~~ve~men~ S~lp used for
terms-and conditibns,,and other employment~fa·:- J..V1i..fm!lt'"aa1· ,~SI',:"aY..,;;ot.10.
n I f!cC!ant-'COd mffmsehr~1a purpothsesh, ..-ohr: O!'\ ·atn
.· ,· - . . . . . .. . . -..~-=sv.. . . o. e o or~ or O!'} _.e 19 seas;, o
. . ARTICU:.-34:: P.ROHIBITE_DPRACTI.CES,.(Refer)~;- be, ~se~·-i_!)_ter'~f:1}3.n~ef.iblyv.,:ith migt,jlnt-worker(RA._ ..
·· .the d,iscussion on .Prohibit~d Practices undei.Jllegaf. No. 8~42, as arr,ended,Sec.?). · . . .
Recru.1'tment'1• . . . . . · . .. ·' . ' : ..· .· .• · • '.. .. . . . . . . . •
' . I . . . . . . Note;· A p_erson':to.be .engaged in a. remunerated·
:. activityrefers to an appli6'ant wo:rker-who'has· been .
ARTl<;;~E 35: . SUSPENSION: . · . ANDiOR. · .. promised ·or. assu~ec;I, of. employment overseas arid
CANCELLATION OF LIC~NSE ORAUTHORITY·.- . acting o.n such·· ·p'romise ·-or. assurance '·sustains
damage· and/or injury · (Omniqus Rules- · /$,·- ·
Grcn.m,ds for AutOf!l~tic Revecatio~ ,of._Li'cens~;·. Regi.J/atiqns. ; 'Implementing.'R.A: No'. 8042,. as
1: Expiration of the prjncipal's/employer's·busir:iess · amendedby· R:A No.-foo22,Rule II, Sec. 1(jj)).... :·· .
or
. ,licen~e. cessation of-~usiness or _recruitment . ·: .. ,
\ . . . . . . ..
· .activi_ty,. afte.r ·a period of 1 year,from..e);(piration ·. Emigrant is a/iy person• .:...orker· or'6ft\erwise; who
· or cessation; .. :· · · ··. . .emigrates."fo a-·foreign country..by ·virtue ,of. an·
· ?· Up.on. written· ·,.mutual- ·agreement:_· by the i~migh'int visa dr: residentpermit or its equivalent in'
.' . principal/employer and the licensed recruitment the. country ofdestinatiqn (t..ABOR·CODE,Art 13(i)).
. ag~11cy to termin,ate the. agreement; . . . . . . 1- · .• ,. . ... . ·.. . • . ... •·
3 .. When the· pririeipal/employer' is. meted tfie Note: Emigra.ntis now reff,)rred to as ,·1~garresident.''
penalty. of· dis.qualification from part]Cipati6n lo. · r!e · is a. person. who ·has·· ol;)tairi~d permanent
. thi:roverse~s employment. program; and residency status in ,accordance with ttie-'law of the
h?.st · country ·{Omnibus .. Rules .& . Rf191Jlations.

H .I 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

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!.ir- tmpiemeniinq,R.A. No. 8042 as

3 -OF#E
''** emended, Rule ·ii, Solld.ary. liability ·Assu~eq · "by" Recruitment"
~~1~~< · ·-, Sec. ·2(d)). ~~cy. .
11'-: An appllcant for a · 1icense · to operate a private
1,( Deployment of Migrant Workers · · employment agency or !Tl~nning agency is· required
,$f. The State .shall allow the depioyment of overseas to submit".an undertaking 'under oath that it shall
'if: . Filipino workers only Incountries where the rights.qt. assume [olnt: and soJ,idary liability withthe employer .
.,1· .
Filipino migrant workers are.protected. The following for claims · and liabilities which· may. arise in
. ace· recognized as-a guarantee. on the part of the. · connection 'yvith -the ·implementatior, · of the contract
receiving .. country for the protection · of overseas and shaf guc;1rimtee sompllarice with. exlsting labor .
Filipino WQrkers: (CAtM) . . .. ·. , . ·:· _: and .soclat · 1egis!at,ions · "(2016..P.O~A Rules. &
(·· It is a·sigj'.latoiy toand/orratltler of.mulfilateral Regulations Governing Overseas Employment,-Part
· Coiiventiotls, declarations or resolutions relating II, Rule II, See. 4(f)).:·.
· .' to)he protection ·of ml'graritworkers.. . .·
2. -1t .has concluded :. ii·. bilateral Agreement or Note,. · . · . . .
. arrangement with--the'g·ovemtnent protecting ttie . 1, The liability bf · the employer . arid. the
· . :. rights·.ot'_9verse~s Fiiiplno wcrkers; or . . '. r1;3cruitmenUplac;;ement.agenc,y, for. "any and pll
.3: tt.has-exlsttnq-Iebofand, social'.!:,aws protecting· claims under Section 1 O shall be· joint' arid
. the rights· of migrant-workers. . . ·. several. . . . .. . . . •
· 4 .. The receivinq, country· should take pasttlve, . 2. This provision sh~II: be. Incorporated .in .th~. · .
· . concrete ME;?a_sures to ..:protect. the rights of
, migrant. workers in furtherance of any of me'.. ?r
,_L':t · contra~t_-for.overseas employment and shau be
· a condition precedentfor its approval. · ·
guar~ntee~ ..under subparaqraphs (a), (b),
(c) hereof (R.A. Noe-. 8042 as amended, $e,el;1i::'·' · ·,., '.~
,a~~y, -, 3. · If t~e recruitmenUpl~ce~ent ag~nc~ is a jL,Jridical
beu:ig, the. _corporate.~fficers,. and directors, and
. ··... · . _ , -- . , .'· \,j f· -~. ~-,1:t par.thers;.asthe case may be, shall themselves ..
In the·.abseFice of a clear...sliowing that ·any of;,t1:1¢J1·Mt;,T·"7.:;,Qe.;,jQiHtJ~ and solidarily liabl~ with . the
afor':me.nt16nea ~uar-:1rltees exists in the ,pg.i:rA~ry r1
01d --·-eo~pqr~~?-{l oi..:partnership f~r Jh~. atoresaid
dest1nat1on .<?f the migrant ·'!"or:kers, ?.~:;.
pe~mtt f~r.\JJ claims ar:i_~pamages. · · . . . ·
de·pteym~nt ,shall l:fe ~~ued by. tltf~ "H9EA
· AZUCENA, ·supra-at ~5.8). · . · . · _h ·
l ,.~~ ~ .. •) ·.
(t---rl 4. Such li~bjlitifs $hall 9ontin1,1~ (juring· the entire
periocj¥,oqJ<:1ur,atlon of the employn,ent_ co1_1tract
• • • • ,<~·- • •• ., • ,, • • -~·/~._';.:? · . , r,1
/,.....-:- •• and .$hal~ noi be, affecteg by any sub_stitution, .
The llJ~l!l!Jers · of the PQEA. ,.9~ve:rr;iing.,.!;>oard·wtr~ .1,,,J · amehqment ~~modification mad!:! locally -or_.fn a
· actua\ly. voted, in. favor of··i;1~[I)ir~..%;;alJf?_~ing~tf.i~.,. . ;,~ . f~q;i!':Jn;):~byJ:itci.::y.t.the· .~ald .. ~ontract (DUKA;
d~ploy~ent of migrant worker~ with~_u(.~~y ofJ~ff: .. ,•11 -sup.,,;f;at1!S)t;> · . , · : · -~ .
afor~mentioned . 'guarantee!;, .'s_~aJJ.::;S,1:.1, ~r th~.: . j1' · • . - . ·. ·.. . .. . . · • . .
P~l)alti"e.~ :of ·remov,jtl _oc dismi.ssal ttqr.'rr:·servJ?~.with •· f/ ·Su~bi_lity of Fo_r~ign.Corporatioris . . . · ,
disq~alifi~~:ltion t~.tt.old_-1ar1y~ppoi,:itiveff.1,J_!?Rg,offic~ Jl;~~t?f':'r_?JQn·c?rporation _th~t, th~ough unlice~_sed
tor. 5 ye~rs·(R.A. No. 8042·as amentJe~,;/lec.' 4);,,-,~.ui;~'.'.._,,_~gc!nls.,_!~,!lUlts workers in·. the ~ountry !Tlay be sued
· · . ·· • · •• _ • ~; >1 · 1;;,, r · .. in and. .fqun!,1. lia!:>le f?Y. Pl:iilippine ·courts (Facilities
Th13. · State . ~~all a_lso al!ow · the ·.deRJ~,Y.~('V of · Management Corp,· v: l)e La Rqsa; G.R. No.: L-
. .Overseas F1hpmo.Work~rs·to: _: .· '\{.'.'._';,~·· · ·· . 38649, Maret:, 26, 1979). ·:, ·· :·
1·. · Vessels' ·.navigating th~. for:eigq seas _,pr to · · ·
, j,:istallij1iohs !orated. offshore or on high seas ARtiCL~ ·3a; ILL~GVAL,.. RE;CR.UIT,MEN.T. , , . · .. '.
. who~e O"'(ners/eniplayer:s ar~. ·con:,pliant' with · · · 1.·, .Any act i:>f (C:ET~HUP)°.!;anVp~sln!;J, ~nJistlng,
··:·.inter.national laws and-standards ·ihat protect the · '!ri;ins_port_ing, _gontracting,: !!iring/- yti_lizing, · or
· · .. : r.ights or'migr.ant,wotk~rsi 9ncJ .. ,. . . · .. . ~roct,1rin_g_,.. w9rkers: _<aficf in·c!i.i~es.:· "(CRAP).
2: C_ompanies_.and'_cfo_ntra~tors with ·lnternatiorial· : : . · .£oh~d -seryices; . referring, ._sdveJ1isin~; : or
. '. QP.eratiQns:- ·pr_o_vid~.· th.at thE:lY 9re cor'npli~nt . -Qroinisirig for empl9yjne,nr'~broad, ,whettier for.
With st~ndards;·con_ditions.and requ,ifementsr.as. .· ·J:irofit o_r not, .w~.e.nundertaken ·by..a 'tior:i~lice.nsee.
eri]bocji~c;j .: ·.i.n .the· · .eriipl_oyment · contr.acts··. : ·. · .. ·. or'_non:'.hplder <;>(authority cpr:itemplated ,ir:i Art.
pr,escribed·by. the POijA and.in.ac;cordance with ., · .1.3(f) of,:the Labor Cod.e (R.A." No.' 8042 as,· Sec.:
:lnt~rnatlo_nally~accepteq,.. standar.ds (R./t . No. .. . · · .·6; LABOR CODE, Arl_; 13(b)). ' . :, · .
804;2 afi_a·menqe.d, .$ed,. 4).· · · . . . .. · 2. · T.he,-acts· enumerated under Art. 34·'of the Labor
· · · · .- ·· ·· · . · ~: .¢0.de. : · . · : : ··· · · ·
T ~.rmi~ation· or ~~P.. o_n Deplo~~~n.t ~ : . : ·. · ·- ·
l'n- pursuit of the. national Interest or wh.en public .Presumption 'otllleg~I-R.~cr'u1tm~~t for NUN,HA'
weJf.ar~ $0 require$; the POEA Goveming ,Board,, Any·r:,oh-license·e (NL) ·or· non-holder ·of.authority
aftei:· con$ultatioi1 with the. D.epartm~nt of Foreign . (NHA). who· in a'ny r:nanner,-offers:or promi;;~s for a·
Affatrs~.m~y. at ariy'time, te_rrt'!in~te.or impose a ban fee employment aproad "to: 2 O'r 'n,p_te pe_rsqns shall
on· the deployment of. migrant :workers (R.A. No. be' deemed so engaged_ i.n. illegal recruitni!;lnt (R.A.
8042, ·sec. 5, as a,ine'!.ded by R.A·No. 1.ooi2J. . No: 8042 _as..amended, S~c .. 6). · ·

20.19 SAN SEDA LAW CEN~ZED BAR OPERATIONS I· 15

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· ·.LABC> . R ·STAN DAR·DS.

SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR (?P.ERATIDNS. ~ ME/VIORY (\ID.201.9
4 4 .P 49¥ Md 49 ,,, 1 El

. Persons .who ID<!Y con:.m1f111egal Reeruitment : Note:' T~.e law empowers the POEA to appr~ve
1. Non.-ilcensee; · ·· · ·· · and yerify a contract under Art. _34(i) to insure
· 2. Non-holder of authority; .. ·· that ·: the employee . shall not be placed in
9· ·. Licen.~ee;or . · . · disadvantageous positions and.thatthe contract
· 4. ·Holder-of authority. contains the ···minimum·· standards of . such
-employrnent contract . set by .. · .the . POEA.
Neite: Under R.A. No. 8042.- as amended by. RA a
However.' wh'ere supplementary contract was.
Nq: 10022, license or authority. of the illegal recruiter· . . . ·entered into · affordi.ng greajer · benefits to the
is immaterial (1 CHAN, p, ts). ·· · employee:than the previous one and althouqh
. .~ . . .· . the ·same w~s. not submitted for approval of
· Prohi!)it:ed Practloes for by.ei-seas Employm_ent P.OEA,. -the same · is 'valid. and enforceable
The foll.owing acts are· prohibited under Art -, 34 of the · . (Se;'JguU Marmme.Cqrp. v. Balatongan, G.R. No.
r Labor code and considered .as ·uiegal rscruttment 8~2~52, February28, 19~9).· · . · · ·
under. Section 6 of RA. No .. 804?. as amended by t3 . .To ·.fai_l · to .file .. .reports· on .the, status . of
RA. No -. 10022, making· it unlawful forany.indlvldual, employment, :_. placemerit etc. and such other- .
entity or holder ofauthority:_JIF-FbUND-WITJ-f~AFP) . · · -in~Uer.s a~ may be required l:)y. the. Secretary of
. . . . . :· . · .· . . .. Labor · (fallure. to cornpty · with rules and
1. -To charge gr~atec:- amountthan that specified in . requlatlons); .and · ··· ·
_the sch~dule of allowa?le fees _(!l.te9al·exa~~Q1.i~-"'"".1~0- .i~duc~o~ attempt to induce a worker toquit
2. · To f~rn1sh ar,y_Jalse 1nf<;>rmat1on· !n -~~~·~<?n to
recru,_tme~t or employm~nt (Eals~Jr,if~~mc\t,!.~); . •1.
lfu······\ y_.;1:-·J?..~ m_ h_e1,1 of .anoiher. offer unless it is
. j--v_ dr,s'~P~-!o hbe~ate. the _wor~er from oppressive
3. To ,give any fatse .notrce: .te~llm(m~~c,<o__t.-~ •. .tfilrm~9,t;.et:1;1:ployment (firating) ..
commit ar_;iy act of misreprese9t1ltion't9,~eafe a ""·•-s:~ !/' · · "(,':;,,,~. . · · · · · .
license or.authority (false ~Jite~))t~)f~_.,,.....="·>~~No.t~}~ilbs ...,i;a;-.6·;~~p 7 are not found in Art. 34. but
4. ·To obstruct or att~,:nptto ~~!t1.:1~1tl.ifsp(ction~,Xi "jf=: .,!?,91Y 111~e~1-,_~'~tf\No: 8042 as amendeo-ey R.A.
the ·. Labor Secretary ,f.or""'-~,s·· atf.lthorizeh .#.i~- L~p.·100i2, ""' V \. · . .
representatives (Qbstn,1q,fjnspe9nori};
5: Fai_lure te> deploy. a cont_iia§J»~·
1:
;fork.~r~iffiou'~~t '.
.' . . ) · .. n
:·'f.\ r
-O~er-P 1<?h1b1ti&Act,s~(8-HR:PAS_T)_... :
i · · ·
. val,.~ . r~-~~on .as·. dete{mine~i[ by' . _ti-)~ Cl:G{i~.
(Y.n1ust1fi1ed. non-dep!oydpe,o,1)1H! . , . . \- · -~
; V~~~ai· 9!rn_g. !t;ifl:f<?_ ij\~ 9ve~seas. Ed1pino. W.or~er
. ~-2} . ~tt) ,.rnteres~~~f.ilie~,n~ !t Yo per arinurn, whrch
· 6. Failure to ·re!mburse .e~p"er-lsN~'< inou'i'f:Rc\E .
tl')e~~ will. ,ilc'A'~edvoJpa~rrent..of.legal ~r:id:al!owable
worker in connecti9_n ~it~ ~~-do~gme trp~- i ~l~g.~,:n~Je,~~ .....a,~iµ:·make. the ~,gra_nt wo~ker
7.
and· processi.119 for purp~!els·it~pep1'; .n t;·_~-~!, ~":,, ismE\~;e1thir_Per~qi!iallyor through a guarant~r
cases where _th~ deploy"~mt doei·~ot~,._9fu) . .B· ~~-/.."\., :c~~rnodat_i~p p.a~y, postdate9 checks.__ in
take place withal.It the·. worke_r's\fault'(N~- · -~ .,,.(, . 1o~·tdthE! saJl.loac:r, . : ..
. · reimbursement upon failure'\~ d~plo))~,· · "( sc~·-y~_lmpo;.tt'ig · · a ·;;fe9mpulsoty and., ·: exc!l!s!v~ .
:7 .. To allow a nC?n-Filipino· cihzen. -to"clre~~o~~W3fi~f{';:~nywne_reby. an . ov.erseas -~,h~ino
manag~ a licens.ed recruitmenVtha.i:i~~gency~~..-~~Qr.~~r'f,' ·:~~ reqt,11red . t<> _undergo , . .!:!eal!h,

. _a__ ~01!rth~ird t~r::i1i~~~u~ents· f:~~~Ynlant 1Y1P\1\~~1r~~~~;~~~sii~~;~~f.~~~~~~1

. . . _w9r_k~rs. befo_re departure for. , unauthol'i~.-.r.,n%=,~Xce~\in. the case e>f _a s.eafarerwhose tytedical .
r
ire;;r~~~s~

· .. ·· IT)O~efary considerations.·: ·~it)Jh:ofding t[aver . . . ~~am,1nat10~· ·COSt:. IS . ;,ho.ul9ered ._,by. .the

· .documents);. . . . .. · · ' .·. · · ..
9; . To ·infh.ience·<>r-atten;ipf.to-inflt1en_ce·_any.:pe:rsqn·.
qr entity nbf:to employ _any v.,_orker who_ ha;~-not
applied for:.employmenf through -bis agency
. (!nflu.eilcing not to employ); . · · ... · . · .. · · .. ,· .
: 1Ct·'T6'become-'an· officei'o'r m·emberofthe Board oL
·· : '.~my·_corporatio[i.e,ngage·d,-iri thefnanagetnentof.
, . · ii" trav~I - agency ,(Iraye! ·ag~ncy./ office.rs.·
.recruiting); : , _ ..
. 11. Ta· ·engage in .the recruitment or placement of
jops harmful to ~ubljc i,~alth_,. morali~yor· to tha
.. dignity9f-the P,hilippines·-(!!anrifuljobs};: . · ·
12_. Tq subStit1Jte .6r .. alter--employmenf contracts
. . without the approval of ·the Secretary of labor
(Alteratipn of contracts)" · ·
.. .. ' work~~:is requir_e_d. to avaif of·a_'[Qari qrily from .
'·
· pnnc1pal/sb1powne_r; .·· . .. . . . ;
3- !!efusing·: to· co~doqe · o"~. r?n~gotiat~: a· 1oan
:mcu~~d by an oversea-s.F,hRtno.w_ork~r.after t~e
, _tatters· ~mploy~ent . ~ontr~ot· h,a_s. ~ee~-
· _prem,.aturelytermll'Jated\hrougt\ no fault of his or · ·
. · · Mer.own; . '... . . · ... . . · . ·.
4:.· Fo,r.. ~ recr~itme~Vman-ning -agency.o_r a foreign
-: .p~1.n~1paJ/employer_-to .. f.as_s: <>,0-:-:t_he.ov_erseas
. .· F1hpino. worker:or;d~uct. from: tus other salc1ry .
: the payment· of· 'the. cost· ·ot insurance·· fees,·
_pren:iium or ott,~r insurance -~~lated_'che:1_rges_. as
provided· .under . the compulso_ry worker·~
msUr9~ce_coverage;::. . . . . .
· 5: .. : lmJ:)Ol:lm~ a· .. compulsory and . exclusive ·
Arrangement whereby al"} overseas :f:ilipino
spec1f1caJly· designated· .ln.stitutlons,· entities or
persons; · ·.

16 I 2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

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LAeo·.R.:StANDA-Ro.·s.
i' SI\N BEDA'I..AWCE'NTRAI-JZ.EDBAR OPERATIONS ~ ·MEMORYAID 2019
~ .._ i~erflMipi BPI + · + · · i&JW •1+ MF& Wi@MIP'C ·
~-
1: .. 6. :For a §.µspended· recruit_ment/manning ager.icy· 2. 'Licensed recruiter or Holder of authority -
to engage in any kind of recruitment activity the offender cornrrrltsany of.the 14 ~ro'ngfulaots
I•
~ · including· the processing of pending workers' enumerated in Sec; ·6-. of R.A. No. 8042 <:IS
. app[ications; and . amended by R.A. No. 10022 (Sto. Tomas Ii.
7. ·.·Imposing. 'a · 'compulsory and · exclusive . ..Salac, .GR.. No.. 152642,_Novemb·~r13, 2012)..
. . . arrangement whereb¥. .aA. 'overseas . Fjlipf~o
.· worker is required to LindergoJ'.raining, seminar,. Kinds.of II.legal Recruitment
l·:
Jnstructlon or schoollnq: of ariy kind. only from 1. Simple· . Illegal Recruitment Illegal
,'
,. specifically desiqnated Institutions, entities or recruitment committed by . ariy · person · who' is
~·: persons,..except ·f~J recornrnendatory trainings neither a licenseenor a hotderof authority: :- .
(,
. mandated by pnnclpals/shlpowners where the, 2. Eco_nomic' . Sabqtage/QU~Ufled · . · Illegal
iatter: shoulder the·cos"t· of sueri (ralnings · (R.A . · . Recrultment ' .. . . . • , .

,. No. 8042 as amended; Sec. 2). . . .: · . .· a: . L.:argQ-Scale Illegal'. Recruitment . ...:: 'Illegal
. · recruitment : by 1 · person or wi.th another
" Note': The acts' considered as ill.eg~l ~ecn.iitm~·nt.are person aqalnst · 3 or more. .persons'
different from the' ·seven (7.)' _prohl~ited activlties : . tndividuaily.or as a group; ..
added in Sec. 6 of R.A; No. 8042 as amended. by b .. Illegal ~ecr:uitment · by· a Syndicate ·- ·
R.A..No."1002·2. · · · ·.. .', .... ·. · .... · : .· ·:_ ... 11.legal.recrujtrnent·committed,by·asyndicate
,· The per.sons 'criminally liable-for the above offenses or -,a ·group of 3 or more.persons conspiring
' are lh.e principals, accomplices and-accessones.vtn /~. arid confederating with onevarrother in- .....
case of· juric!ica.1 persons, 'the officers·· hav!~J(.;'/lf. . carrying out the act circumscribed bythe law
ownership, control, manaqernentor direction of tj,ejr//'i\ commits the fourth type of illeqal'recruitrnent
-,:_-. business who are responsible for-_th_e tqriimissiqA/9p.t:•11~~{.. · · by. the law (People v, Sadiosa, G:R. No.
':. · _the·offense and !he responsib.l?·emplo~ees/ag~Jl,sr;;,::;?_,,,1i':':- . 1a~q~4, May·15, 199~)-. · . ·. · ·
~i . ·. thereof ,shall be hab!_e (R.A.' Np: 8042-.as ·am,_f!.l!.O.e(!/;,'.?•flH!-~'1·_,}~~7F:;;'-,t~J,; · ·. · . .· .
: ·,·.. Sec. 6): . · · · . · · .. · ,.-,,-;:;/ ·: . > ~f Elements:of,~.1mple:Illegal Recruitment .
· · .. . · · . . · · · y:.,J,:-:~· . dJ....;U· · 1. Tf:ie offii!_·'~~r has n.o valid· lfcens·e· or authori(y
i· · ii"! ihe. filing -of cases for illegal re_cruitr;p~JJ~toran.y. ;1;.>-,G, . r~qujr~. ~Yi~w !o lawfuUy engage. in rE;Jcn.iitment
. thep"rohibitedacts.underthissectior'i(JheJS~c~tary -'} · andpj c~meJ;1tofworkers;and.·· ·. · . ·
,: o{ ·La~r a~d .Empio~'ent;'the~¢1€A f,t~Mrstratqr.· 'i) 2.. The _pfferi~er"~nd~rtakes_ any acti~ity within_ the .
or t~e1r. dtil_Y pUtho~ize~: !-~Prf?~ntati~~~,/or., ~nr !ii\ .~~~i'l~g)E:re·ir~!tme11t a_~d_plaC~f!!en~··def1~ed.
1:1~.g~eve9· ~erso~ may 11:11tia~(~h~6$~,P.<?~'C!~R·'i r'·~··1·: U~!~r~,~::t~~§J? .o~ .. any: proh1b1ted pr,ac~1,ce
cnmin~~ acti<?n with the appropq~te 9,ffi.~~1-:for ,tfWj/ :· :: · enumerat~.9,11:i·Arts.34 and 38 oftf"ie La.~r Cooe
purpose, t~e. affidavits. and testimoqJ1~P:f.oif':lrativf}s. ·. '/.. .. or RA f\!o. · ~042 a~ amended by-·~.A: No.
;,. r.
or·personnei from tqe DOLE,J~<:J~~-.,nd ·01~~r- law· .... ~V,t\10022,whenever·applical;lle. . · : .
(• .
e~f~rcement agencies ·who w1tness~d~1:tbe .. acf~-rr-''~!/;1 ,:!,\,:"/!"''Pl.-....." : . .· ·. · ·: .
consti~uting .the: offen~e shall' be c,'~~ff!cie9~~q-·..-tl{~.e1.em~ts-0fLarge-S_cafe llleg:al Re_c;:ruitmer,~
prosecute the.accused (R.A. No: 8042'{lSamr,t;,i:l,ed! . . 1. · The offender-undertake~ .an.y activity within the
~e~. '6). : . . . ~'-'J\ . ' ·,meaning _of "recrui.trri~_nta~d p~ac~ryient~.defi~~d
· · .. ·, under· ·Art .... 1$(b) or any proh1b1ted practice
ln-,the. prcise.c:;u'~orf_of.offenses pu·ni.shabte,-i.mder. this. .. ~numerated in Arts; ~4 and 38 of th~'labor Co(:1e
$~ctiqn,: -the public:- prosecutors ,of the'.,DOJ· shall. · .or- R:A:. No. 8042 as· amended· by R.A:··No .
. . collabq·rafe-w.iththe anti-illegal rec'ruitmentbranch of : . :. : ..... 10022; wlienevEjr.~pplicijble; an<! - ., '. ·. ·
the· -POEA,···~nd~ in·certain··cases, ·allow the. PO~A .. : z:. :· ,That th.e offende(coinmits tti~ same against ;3 or·.
lawyers to take".the tead·in the prosecution (R. .tf. "!-Jo.. ·'mor.e perspns,'iodividually·or·'aS a group (/RR.of ...
8042'as·amended, Sec. 6). . - ·· · ... , ·. ·. R.A. Np. 8042 as amended, Rule IV;'Sec. 2). · · ..
,·. "· •• •• • • • ' • • • • ~ \•l. •

;~-- ·.
•··. K·lnd~ qt
:_Tw6
~ .. .. 1 ... Non-llceri.see (NL)
lll;gal R~~ruiter: . · .. _: . Elenierits .()f:lllegai R~cruittnerit by Syndicate: •
,,.:)-.......
o.r N'o.i'i-holder.·ofauthority · 1. 'Trye. offenders .unclertake iariY a.cthiity within _the
(N.H) - the offenqer performs:·· · · · · . . . rneanin9 of ~recr.uitment and placement" .defined .
•·
/:. ·a:· An'} of·the·acts·defin~d in Art. 1:l(b) c;if the.. .lmde( .Art. 13(1?) or any prohibited practice:
1.·,
· · L'i:!bor Code as recruitment-and placeme.nt; enumerated in Arts. 3"4 and 38 of the Labor Code
b1 Illegal recruitment,as.defin'e_d lri Par.·1,-Sf'#C." or R.A. "No'. "804'.? as a:mendel'.f'l:>y R;A. N6.
6 of RA No. 8042, as'.amended by R.A. No.. · .. 1 OQ~; w.~eneve~ :cJpplicable; . . · - .· .
.or·... .
10022· · · . _.-: · · - · . . · ~. The acti;; are·.~~mitfed .by_" at.least ·3 person~.
c. · f,ny.of the ·1-4· ~cts. enurry~rat~-9. in Sec. 6. of conspiring, -and/or· t:_onfederating · wi.th one
R.A .. No. 804=?', : as· amended by R.k No. another; and · .· . · · . · · ·
·. 10022... . . . . . . . 3:. Thei offenders are not licensed or.authorizetl. to ·
do so (/RR of R.A. ·No. Bd42·as amended, Rule
· ~' Bee. ?). ·

2019 SAJ-! !3EDA LAW CENTRALIZED·.B:AROPERATIONS I 17·

 .LA·BOR STA.N D.A·RDS
SAN Bf.DA,, I.AW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS.· -· MEMORY AID
. 2019

Note: lllega_l' recruitment when . committed by a Note; Conviction urider the· Labor Code for illegal
syndicate, or in. large scale sh~II .be considered an · recruitment does not preclude punlshrnent under fhe
offense:involving economic.s.abotage (1 AZU.CENA, . Revised ·Penal Code forthe crime of estafa (People
supra at 111). .v. Fernandez, G.R No.. 199211,'J.ime 4;2014), in
other words, a person. · may · be charged· and
Note: Illegal recruitment tn larqe-scale and. ·illegal convicted for both illegal._recn.l!tment and 'estafa.
recruitment by a· syndicate are · separate· -or
independent categories~·:.They need not coinclde . Act·cons.tituting Estafa .
··within the.same case.'Where only one.complainant The . accused. represented · themselves to
·. filed .indiyidual' complaints, there is no illegal cornplainants jo have. the capacity to send workers
. recrultment.iln · large'.', scale; .. but. the· three (3) abroad, although they didnothave any authority or
. conspiring recruiters can 'be held guilty :of illegal license. It is by this representation that they induced
. recruitment· by a syndicate :(Pepple:v. Hernandez, complainants to . pay · a placement' fee.' Suen act
G.RNos.:141221~36;-March 7, 2~02).'. .constitutes est;Jfa 'under Art. ~15(2) of the RPC·
. . . (Pef.?ple v. Hemenaez, G:R:·No.-· 199211, 'JufJe 4,
PrinciP.1.e~: on ·. Illegal :· Rec~ltr:nent. Involving 2014). . · · '
Ecohotnic Sabotage .. . · . .
1 ... Both. iJl.egalrecruitmentin larg'e scate.andilleqal. . 'Note: The offended party must have .relied on the
. .recrultment- by syndicate are ma/um prohibitu~=,,,...J.alfiepretense, fraudulent act orfraudulent means of
(Pt:JOple "·. Chua, (3.R. No. 1_8,70;,2; ~l~_nfl:;erTf 1 1~"1l. Gl.l~~d!. . and as a result ther.eof,: the offended
· 13, 2012). , .·· .: . . _... . /..' •. ~ ·'U. jp~,rftyful<1:r:.~.damages (1 ·AZUCENA, supre .at
2. · T~e number of v1ct11~srs dete}IJ!l•~tive k>~!~_§,.="--;.""-.;;;u_~~f ff/ ~~.. · . · . . ·. ·
· cnme for larqe-scale 1lleg_al r~~1:11trriep~tiflure . . ~!J .;;/),'\._ .
· to prove.that at least three (~fperc~~r'~i;.wited"""''¥~ReleyJ!iY~"P~~i~.1_es. on ·.Illegal' Recruitment and.
•· rnakas the crime a ·caserot~ JiA1p1rmegRJ.i "~{ ~;,tara:\ ·~ ~ J \ . ~ :· . · ·
. recruitment: There is no.fi1fe1ialieerutlment .iYl i,:JJ\ .th.\ ·Samlf eVfEle/'i'cetd~prbve illegal recruitment may
large scale base?· on Se"5~fal inf#rnatio~..~~~. ~ , . h:~~ie~.to~~f~)e~taf~; . . . '--
only:one complainant; · Q ';/'jf. _ l ~ ·- .
"2,:-9o_n11et1or:i\~{?!.J?e\h·· 1ll~gal . recruitment : an~
,:~e
3. n~m.ber.ofoffe~de~~•sieffol~mativ~oflhe?
~rune of Illegal recru,tm(lnt byt~yn!=l.•ca~l(Pe.~p/~m."'JT
. v:•. Hu, G.R_ Ne. 182232}J6c}q!Jt;tr 6(2./iiiL~ ~ve_'i!i:/6!.:,9nm,mal
r-=, -~ . . , : . . . .· : . , ·
~.@;rest~fa.,not.doUble]1~oparqy.(1.Cf!~N,p:.8).
,. ~ . . '# ..,. . . ~
:A!tion·· Arrsmg from Illegal
. ·· .. · .. . . ' i (if'\\ ~~-
\.',, · '~J ~-n~ecnn~)ft ·k 1.. ,. -~ Q . .·
Consequences of.Convict19..nf(~FC),.· ~:'.\:~\"',.· ,fi J:(~?
1. Automatic ,Bevocafon of tee lice~e or fi~~i! "~~ . ~:3'vinc~or cityf..:
J'P,fainaj{t m~,11:ii his option, file ati~·e RT¢
. · . .. . · . · · ·
(LABOR.COD~, Art.- $~(e)J;. . ..'- · '-./~?._ / 1 flere :tf.te offe11~e was-cqmm1tted; c;,r .
2. · .Eorfeiture ofth~ cash'and s~raty bonh~.(LA@§><:>ii-,'t..i"1:"·P,,.·,h~E(the:offfifdedp;:irty reside~ afthe time'of
·COD~,.Art.-'39(e));..and. . '\ . .r.:,~-Ltl..'L!;.:· tbe <?O~Js~onqf the offense (R:A. No. 8042.,
3. Qonvictiorrfor the crime :.ofies(a~:i-J!-{~i)i;l"9wJtr-~..:.""....,=..;?C ,etr~,,'/ · · . : . · ·. . . · -
_55, S'eptemb_er2!, '1996).
: .-·. . . , ·.
'. · •
: . ·. . · .
_. · :<;,~,~-~-=--=any
th.ereof.(f'eop{e. v. Calon-zp,~G.R: Ne~ 1".1!51/50° 1:,
. 4 ~'~ \. .,.p;-4' ·
lV..ll'No~.tn~th~filing of ca'ses.for illegal recru~ment-or
·

of ·lhe prohibited, acts j.mtler this .section; the

.. ·

... )l.l~g~t~ec;,:uitmeQt-v.. ~stc1fa.: . . _'Secr.e\ary.'cif.Laboi-··an.d Erri'ploylTient, .tt.ie PO~

· . Administrator· -or ... :their.·, • duly·.··, a'uthorized
. repcese_ntatives, or.. any' efggrieved person.' may
ltis'ina!um prohibitum:. · ~tisim1/umins~.· .ini~at.e t_l)e correspohcli~g crimi_nal. ac.tiqn with tfie·
. appropriat~ office {R.ANo. 8.()4~. as arnende,d;S~c.
. The. criminai in~erit 'of the '-.'her crlmi~ai. inte~t ls ·. ·s). . ....... . .
' ~icc~~ed ·,:·. i.s : not 'irriperfiti'{e. ' ~ . . . ....;.- ., '
nec~ss,~ry.. When m'a~i'mi.im penalty.is itnp~sed: (18-Non')
·,~ is pe"r1alized under the. ·11 is.p_enalized'iinder- the · 1. If the .person illegally recruited.is: less- than 18
Labat Code. · , : Revis.~d·Pen,:11 Code.' .. . ' yea(~ .of ag~;,or .. ..· ' ' ' ' ' .-
' Q. . If C(?mniitt~d by a· Noh-licensee ornon°ht>lder of-
rn
'1!_is limited' fi~ope, · : It is. ·Wider.·in' scope .and . . authority.(R.A No..1Jo12, s.e1·· 7).,.
CQV~f~ .d~ce,ts whether
.· :related oi: .not·reJated. to ·
'recruitment,a.divitie~.. '
··(CHAN,· The Labor Cop~. of" the Philippines·
'A,nnotµted Vol,1, 20Q9.; p'. 258) [hereinafter,1 QHAN,
The LaborCocie]. · · ' ·

18 I 2019 SAN BEDALAW CENTRALIZED'BAR OPERATIONS ·

 .·;_:·. .....
~:· .
~
MM!iMAWi(

Absence of Receipts Eviqencing Payment, N.~t

LABO.R StA.NOARD-S
. SAN 'SEDA I.AW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIO~S'- _MEMOR,YAl!) :zo19
PPM FffliGHiidi'til'i'##fi 4 AA\iW&A MCP!ilE?Aii1

th~m .of the ag~n~y·s requirement of p~yment of

r / Fatal . to· Prosecution's Case for

'.. · . Recruitmeot
.;_:_· As long· as the witnesses. can positively show
if:.: throuqh. their . respective testimonies. that the
~' . accused is . the one . involved in- prohibited
';.f· . recruitment, he may be convicted of .the offense
I_Uegal performc;1nce .' or ·.cash bond ·. prior to "the
31pplicant's deployment, As- the_· crewii:ig
manager., . he · ·was ·. at the .forefront of the
comp·~:ny's recruitment activities (1 CHAN, p: 8).

· issuance of s"earch·~arrant or W;r~a~t of Arrest

t· despite the absence of "receipts {People v: Sagaydo, : Under. the . Co_nstitution,. · only · a Judge · may issue
l
}I.~_•: ~_ti;t;!~:;i;~:iJ:j~~i~r:
i·. GR Nos 124671~75 Septemaer 29·· 2.000) search and.arrest·warrants-(CONST., Article Ill, Sec.

_
~~·;:SJt · · .
recruited (/Rffof L;:'lbor Code,. Book. J, Rule \(, Sec.·
;~:.~~;:~~~::r~~t!~6~a:t~:;;a :~·~t~~. 0
· · .· Commissioner of l.mrrii"fi.«Jtiorf may order. arrested,

r.
17). . . · · . foll6win9 a final order of deportation •. · ·
,~... . '. . . -

"Note: The,~bligati~nscovenanted jn the. r~~ruitment' · · . Ar:t. 38(c'). oi ~h~- ~~bor. c·o~e is unconstltutional
,:. ~, aqreement between: the Iocat aqent and its. fore(~n . inasmuch'. as · it gives the · Secretary of Labor the
~.: ';', prlnclpal are not-coterminous with-the. term of such · ._ power to issue search or arrest warrants, The ·1atter
F.";· . aqreernent- so that .if· either-or bottrot tt,ie parties.,,.,,.') not _beirig a judg~•. the authorities :must go through

.
(. _; decict~ to ?ri<1 the agreement, the respo_iisibilitie_~~(/!:r. theju~\cial process (Sala'zar vrActiecoso, G.R.· No,
(:.· . such·. parties towards· the contracted _e_mplo~e~~/.(,:·~·~131510, _March _14; 1990).
uno_ertheag_reementdon?tat.allend_,.b~t.tres~i;n.~.;~;,_,;1J .' ·.· .." .. .. · ·.
.
. .
·
. .. :.
'.

I · oxtends l:ll? to and until the expiration of ·;th~~:'·'·\'mi...,1!'1.t?fe-:35:,A~uspens1onand/or: Cancellation .of

' . employm.ent contract~ of the ~mplorees- re9;ryfite!f!.Qyrt'!.µ_~~~f~:P.!?r:·it uthority ... (Refer. to the· pre_iliou~
'>. . an,d._-employ~p pu~suant · to Ute .said _.,r,e5-'._6.11t!'llent . l'I . :d1sr;:.uss1on--o_, · Suspension_. ?Jndlor Cance/~at1~n .. ot
I "· . agr~eme'!t.Otheiw1se;_this will rende(?1:ig~~o!Yth~/r-d,', License or
r.. v .• vety ·purpo.se . for. wh1c~ the- }a~ . ~l?~~r~1~g - t~/·
~:·· I ery,ployment of worke~ for fore1_gp,J9)'i~~ayt~fO'WaS·. ·
~ .. er:ia9ieq ·(ATC! Overseas Corp,,.-:t?,·lEch1n;QJ~i·R?-NC&,:__
1.t .
-f ·.
i~J~
.
,iq.t,
jf tj \
orfty). · .· . · · · ·
. .. . .. . .
A_RTtCI:,-~}.~ R~G-~LA_TO~Y POWER .· , ·..
J:he-·Seqceta,f _bt~La~or .shall have t~a. pow.er to
:. ·

1:,;r. ·178551; Oc_tof?er_-11, ?Q10). f C...:,,. ~~ _- · . "'· J; res~ct i=11,_d ~~0~~!~e re_c~itment a~d p!aceme~~
!t. · ." · , . V.:.)../ ·o:.::::~-;v~ ~- . f". act1vfff~9.Jf~~!!P!@"p'~1esw1tbm the_ -cover_ag·eof.this.
t· 1:;~-
t
i(·
ExceptiQn _to Uability of R.ecril(!n:ie(-)t~g.ericy~~'.}·
~h.er_e. 'the: ..yorkers· them_:;;el~s~~1laj,~~d;'lort'1,_t3... \J Title· arf'.cH~h.tlet>/authorizedto jssue orders .and ·
·pr'?m~~~ate _rul?s. a.nd· r-e~ulation~.t? e:~rry,~ut ~h·e ..
recru_1tment. a!i!e~cy_ to se_.n~_:t_!,em,\ 9,ack )t~ th?1~· . ~t•\'.• ,.:9~Jqctives a,:id 1mpl~!'ll~nt_,the prov1~1on.s of_ this i:1t1e
~--. forei~n employer .~f!!Spite their· ·kno11e~:g:efof__ 1~~---/'._.,,,:1;J~'f.!!!.fl~.,.9Q(_)E,.as amend~'! by P.D. No. .{3_50,_-Art.
~y:· 1_nab1htY. t~ pay their -wages;- the ._Court,-~solvE;.d,.tt(e-..~•··tY'.l!.-~~).-----=f~, . ..

I..
ftf. · 9gency fro_rp liability_ (Feaf]fe· ConstruO,~l_f'i!_. C_t!Jr,:i{v. . ~-
t;;_ · · Dotado,. ~-~· ly_o. 8_6042, April 30,_ 1Q~f}:}f~'). ·
· ·. ·. ', · . , . . . · .
'Liability···of -Etnployee···of- Company· Engag'ed. in
:-- ·
. .. ·. · .. : . . . ., .
ARHCL.E 3·7'; ),'!Sf~ORl~_PO~ER , ._- ..
.

Th_e.·-s.ecretary ·of."_:tabor. or ·IJ1s. duly ·authoriz.ed-

r~prMentati'iie$ may, . at-'· ahy .. tim~ •... i"i)spect . the- ..
, _..

1
.. lhegal Rec'niitnien~ . . . ·. .. .: ·.. . . .· ·. ' . pr.e!'llises,' b6b~S. g.f. a~counts f10d re_CQrds:. of arJy ..
, · An.erriployee of a co.mpany or corporatitm·engaged pers_ol') ·or entfty cover~ !:>y·this .Title, -require)t. to_··
. . in . ilreg'c\l. recruitment. may' be held. as principal, ·. ~ubmit repo'r:ts re_guJarly on pres_cr.ibed forms. ind.to
· togi=ither. with'· h·is . emplo.yei', if if is.: ~howr:i that he ·ac;:t Ori vioT~tions :9( ar:iy p"rovislons -ot. lhis Tille.
>. ~ctiv~~y··. an~'- t.onsc!ously ·par!idpa~ed ·_h illegql . ·(LABOR _CODE,·Arf.. 3.7);'.. '... ·. :··. · : .' ..

I ,'
r.
:

,
recru_itr;:ient .(People · Ii. . Valencianp;
it'l; . 1$0926,'Qecember 1.0, 2.008)'. v. . • •
. · · ,' ·, .. ·. .· ·
ob
-· · ·· ..
G:R. . No.

.
· ·
Articl~. 3tt:·
·
llleg~i .
. disi:;·ussion. on II/Mal Recruitment).·
· - ·.
Re~ruitment. YRefe.i to .the"

I
Rele,/ailtP.rirfci~les IIIegal Re~rultrrlent ....
f. 1 .. · Employee·s· of a ··licensed ·'recruitment agency . ARTICLE 39: ·PENAL TIES . .
~{: . n:-.ay.." be .. held' li~blEi"'for. illegal .recru]trhent as. _· · · ·Sec:) ·of. R.A.". No·.· 80.42, -as ameni;l¢ by R.A: -No.
1;,~- priricip'al py·airect participi:ition, togeth.erwith his.. · 1.0022: pro:.iides · for . the penalties qn · fl legal
1/:
i:
em,ptoyer.,.".if. i~ is -sh_pwn ·that_ h~· actively ·and,'·
consciously partltip!=lted In ill_egal recruitment.
rec~1.tment. · .· . ·
1, · Any·- perspn found guilty -of Illegal .recruitment·
·

~i . 2: . Good faith and merely following ~rders ,of
. -' . superio,rs arl3·riot"v'aJid def~r.i~es o~ ~n em.plbYE:~--
3. ,A manager of a r~cruitmei:itlm.ar:mmg agenqy.1s
n.ot a nie(i,j employee. A.f, s;uch, he receh,:esjo~
_appiica~ions,- interviews applic~nt$ and informs
.. shall suffer. the ·penalty of impris-6111')'.lent of not
. less th~n 12 year~ ancL:r ·d.ay but not more t1:ian ·
29 years · and a ··fine ·. ot i:iot . less· tha~
PJ ,QOO,OQ():00 .nor more.than P2,000,00~.oo.

. .
2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BA~ OPE~ TIOf\!S I 19 ··
 LAB:OR ST AN DAROS
SAN.8£DA !,AW C/NTRAtltED
BAR OPERATIONS -r MEMO!?Y A/{] 2019· .
kW e s+MPPPWiiWME?if
4&'£M&MW.ZFi as I&' HM YIM§

2. Th~ penalty of life imprisonment and.a fine of not Prescription

less · than P2,000,000.00 nor. more than · The prescriptive period of illegal recruitment cases is .
P5,00Q,OOO.OO shall 'be imposed. if illegal . · five (5) ·years .except illegal recruitment involving
recruitme'nt .constitutes economic sabotage as. economic sabotage. which prescribes in 20 years
defined. therein.· ·· ·· · · ·· (R.A. No. 8042, Sec .. 1.2;. . . ·
. One Country-Team Approach provides _that all··
.Provided, however, that the maximum 'penalty. offloers, representatives and personnel. of the
sh.all ~e 'impo.se.d if ~he person ·migal,ly recruited Phillppine go\lemment posted abroad regardless of
is less than .18 years of age or .committecfby.a their mother.agencies shall; on. a pet country basis,
non~licensee or non-bolder ·of. ~uth0rity. act -as one country-team wltha mlsslonunder-tha
-leadershlp .of the. ambassador.· The ambassador.
3. Any person found guilty ot'~ny.ofthe Jrohibited may recornrnendto the Secretary of DFA the recall
.. acts shall suffer. the penalty of· imprisonment. of . of officers, representatives arid personnel of. 'the
not' Jess·than .6 years and 1 ··day but 'not more Philippine. government· posted abroad. for acts
than .12 years · and a· fine of not' ·iess than .. inirnicat to the national interest' such . as, but not
P500,0.00.00 nor more than .P.1,Q~O,Q00.00. · .: limited to, failure· to provide the necessary services .:
... to protect-the right~,of overseas. Filipinos (R.A. No:
. . Penaltles. f9r l!)eg~I Re'cr~it111e11t. . . .. : 804f, 'sec. :2aJ... :. . . . .. . . ·. . . .
' .. • .. . . . ..• : . ~l.~-----~..:.;._~ • • . .
-. 'i~ ,i
·~eJ)'atr:t~.ton . .
· . · -:- . . . 1.
:\ . · ·G~per,ar:R~e:.Repatriatlon of the work.er.and the
12 years and
2Q
.1. P~;i~i,fl~P-f~,, . .,
=~-""'.ir~%P'ort{of)'ll~,;~~rs.onal. belongings shall be _the
day to Y.ears '.i"ooo\"Jef0:oif. . pnmazy_r;espop~~~tlltyof the agency,-whic~ recruited
· 0' ,~~ff;,-· · ;......;-· . -=;;;""'-"'-Of4~.~109~~(f,.ew~~~er overseas.. The repatrlation of
. .
. //'. , ') ~ (':·. , . "r
11' ' ""'- . ,'7
r;y;nairi\an"q,".f(.~~ott of the personal oelonging~ of
x · · !Ti · :t'~: Xdeceaiedw.b,:lfo'r'aod all costs attendant thereto ...
ft·
Life . . . .

. • · W~
P:2(()00,0©0.()0 :·. r .
lmprisoi:imefiit?": of . ·i: .: . ~,-. '
o~ 000·0 o.o'O;c\ta' -~
. \ ·· . _. ~11 . - · '· l :· "'z
shall _be born·~~'eY.;f1h'~principal and/or the local
'7"~eri·cy-il RR OT{ ~~Bp42.a.s emended; Rule XIII,
c;:-SlfJ;.;111)."'.
r
; • . I\ .
. _.,::i,./i - ·.
. .
I · .
1
i ·}=] ri · -. .· ·
··· · · _,.. -· · • .,, 'T"ll.?;Excepti~s· : 1N · .
·9 'years. .an'!J. :1 ,f!§Oo'.w... ·.O~·t0r~ ~: -)3"--C~~-ltfJ~~intJriw>''i,lftemplbymen~ is due solely to
da.y tq, 12 ye~r@"J .13.\00°>~ (QO. ,.. ~. Jt~
·!t.l#-<\}fft~f/ie wq~fer, U,1e principal or agency is.
. _. .- . \\: . ~ .(.~ '· iDi ~'l~siiU9'ndefj19bliga!J~n to · ad'{ance · the costs ·of
(R.A., No. 804~ as amend~d, ~c 7.). '\:, · ·,. ...~"t~t:itriat~n. . T~_is · is without prejudice. for
_. · : .· ·. . . · "\ · · .'\'\:'- , ., & .,, ~ P:/ljC9VJl,Y fror:q~~
workef sh~ul<:I it b~i:'fo,ur:id
·later. .
.Summary.. of·Rules on..Prescribtive ~evo.tt)in,~1~~i!t:fh~~rmw·atrqn was .due solely .to the fault of
· · '· Penalt , . ,~:.:;'=~. .
~,.,,...,..~~~f~."X,.oris,~r (Omnibu~, Ryles, & _ Regulations
.· i q· A,J-Jtq_
.
R!er!JJiiffmgR.A. No. 8042, as_ amended by._
. .J.V.!L.A.· ,.J?,!,fl'lf'Jo. 10022, Rule XIII, Sec. -2), and. -
.,.,.,;__:..,.,,_Q,F""'JO.CaSeS Of lf,/ar, epi,demic, disaSt!:}F Or. Calamities,.
,,, .· natural ·or,-tnan-inade, an.ct other similar eve.nts,
· and. where the· principal or ..r~c::r1:1itrnen.t l;l,9.ency.
·can·not. be . 'identified;. 'the.. Oi.(erseas Wo'rke.rs
W.elfar'eAdministration(OWWA),.incoordfnation
. with appropdate. international. :agencies, s~ail.
·· .'ta.Ke charge of .th.~. r.ep~tria~ion.'(R..A. :No: /3042,
Sec'. 15). · ~· · · · · · · · '

· (R.A. .Nq. 8042,. as amende'r:J;.-Sec.. 6), Manda~oryRepatria!ion .-of . µnde~aQ.e. M i,ghmt .

• t.. .• . •, Wor):(ers·. · . · · _. · : . . .·.,.. . . · .
'1f the 6ffender..is an'.~lien, he or·~he shall, adclition ,in. Upon· discovery o.r being infqcmed.oftne·presenc.e of.
.to the penalfie's: h.erein . · prescribed; .. qe depb.rt~d ·11119,rarit w~rke'r$whose ages f~tl l?elowthe rninimun::i
· .'' withoutfurth~r proceedings. .:: · · age... requirElment . for. ·9versei3s· deployment',. the.
responsiple . offic;ers in the for~ign .service· shall
hf every <;:ase, convicticm shall '·cause and carry .~he · Without delay· repatriate Said Workers arid 'advise the ·
. automatic revocation of the ,license or registration .of D\;lpattment ,of·. Foreign .. Affairs. thr.ough tt)e. fastest·
th!;! '. reci'ui.tment/m.anriing . ag~ncy; .· ·lending - m~aris .. ·.of . ·cwnmunisation . available of . ~uch .
institutions,. trail")fng schoo! qr -me(:lical clinic (R.A. discover.y:.and o~her relevant· information· (IRR· of
<: No. 804~, a.s amended, Sec. 7). .. · · RrA.,8042 as· amended:.Rule XIII; Sec. ·1).. . , ·

·.:
20 I 2()19 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS
,, LAB.OR STAN.DAROS
1:
~\ .
ill+ erew Ai
·SAN B~DA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERAT/ONS - M.EMORYAID W19
Eil¥WWIHWlii/lS!IM•·l&t&

In such case, therecruitrnent/manning agency which

I HWUN3C IS\5%R&W lilflklP NWAM u•a,SewCP;;r.·
.the family member .or requested indiviql!al· to
[L· recrulted .or deployed anunderaqe migrant worker· meet all visa and travel document requirements;
W shall: · 7. ·Medical evacuation ~ Wheh "an .adequate
rfr:\ ·1. · Payor reimburse. costs of repatriation; ..medica!'facility i$. not 'avallable.proxfmate to the

r
(f. · 2: Suffer cancellation of license; · ·
3.' Pay a fine of not less .than'P500,000:00 but not
{. . · more than P1 ,000;000.00;· .. · .
migrant worker, as determined by the insurance .
<;'.:°ompany's: -physlcian arid/or··. a 'consulting
physician,.. v, evacuation ·. 'under · .. appropriate.
~~.. · , 4. Refund· all fees pertinent. to· the processlnq of. medical supervision ·~Y.. the mode of transport.
tr·,. ·
.papers or.' .documents in .the .recruttment or necessary shall be undertaken py..tl:le insurance
~\ . . deployment; and . . ·p,rovider; and . -
,,.. 5. Indemnify the .underaqe migrant worker or his· 8. Medical.._ repatrlatlon - ·: When medically,
F- . parents guardian or for
the damages.sustained necessary as determined 'by· the · altending ·
t .: by ·the underage -rnlqrant worker. (Omnibus . physicia.ri, · repatriation ,Urider·. medical

;· s~,.
{· ·
r.
i.·,
'Rul~s ·.& Regul.ations :Implementing. R.A. No.
8042, as amended by R:A. l'jo. :10022; Rule XIII;
. ...
Note::·The returid shall be paid,witl:iin.·30' days from
. supervlslon to the 'migrant :worker's resldence.
shall be untle~~keh·by thelnsurance provider at
such time that the r'nigra·gt worker is medlcally .
cleared ,for travel by .comrnerclal carrier. If the:
period to' receive' medlcat clearance to travel .•
the .date of tJ)e mandatory repatrtatlon as· provided exceeds 14 days from ..the.date of discharge from
for In. this Act·(R.A. No:'8042,·as emended, Sec. 16). ,....~ · the hospital, an alterhatlve appropriate mode of
. · · . . · . ;1A".'/".'.'.( . · transportation, such as air· amoutance, rriay be
Nation~! : ·.Rein.tegratiop ·.center for Ove.rs,eas// ·)i. arraniJed: Medlcal and· non-medical escortsmay ·
Fjlip'ino ~orkers (NRCO). .. .· · , . : . · . JI0i' ,.,.::.)' .'· b.e'provided when necessary (R.A. No. 8042, ;,1s.·
. A_ ~~CO is. hereby created in t~e DOLE for ret~l'l:;~11,9,·:· · ·· .. --~._,,,a'!7_endf?cf;,,Sec. 3.7-A) .. ·- : ·v . . .
F1hpino. migrant wo.r~ers· which · shall: pro~9,e ·~t
"'i' ,!;'..'···: ~.~;~;:--;,'.,l~ ..~~ · · .· · ·
. .mec~anism f~,r their reintegration int<:> t~~~Pt,ilfppine -·!
l'·l ARTIC~"-:'1~.7: PHILIPPINE: .. ··ov~~SEAS ·
society,·,S$FVe as a.prombtioh·;.house4~F''l~eir loc~t!:t...J! ' EIIIJP.LOY~~NiADMINl'STRATl<;)N '(POEA)
. emplqym.en~. and· tap their skills and)p~,t~'pti~I~f9P'-T~ . Th.e: P0!=1f' ~a~'. ta~en over t119 !~nction$ of the
national dev.e.Jopment (R.A: No'.. BOj:$)as.'l!Pf'f.ide.d, f·,( Qverseaslr-rwiotmentDe~E;)l9pment Board.. (OEDB)
Sec. 17}.'" . : ·. · ·.;.,::y~<.· .:'1/<.,:'!'?:?· c.,,.., 1,J .ana Nati9nal)Sea«1en Board (NSB).(E.O. No.197,
· · 'J, . ,·, . ·. .·:. . · • c . ;.;,t:.~ c;,, · ~· . ~.. I~-·l..f Sec. ,._,
,;·. 'J. · ;.,~.t.~ 1):l_ · !] ~ · . . '·
__,._.,.._,r•·-•..._)\_._., .
. .· ..
C ~mpu Sary: nsur~nce ._9V:irag~-;:::.rQr,:/)'gerr.~:. 1:··, ... ·~j···•: .. !!·i·•\;so·>y··· : . .
Htred,Wor~ers. ·· . _. . ~'."q.: · /;.,, .... ~, ~\),, I_) Prmc1pal!.~t:1ct1':lns:.(FPD) . . ... · .
Each .. · migrant .. wor~er : depT,qy~~~y .,.a .. f 1 .. formula_tion, 1m~lemer.itati9~::and morntonng:°f
Jecru1tmenUr:nannm~ agency.shal!, 'fu.e ,covete\'.I by a , {,.......,.,.=overseasemploymentof F1hpmo. worker.s;
1,
cornpulsoi:y insurance policy.Whic.h sh~lt:t?µecured ,,, . -1"4.~~,1Rrf}t~~tlon of their rigbti;; 'to fair and equitable
at no. c:;o~~·to·the sai~ work~r... lt shall b"~letfe.ctixitJo~.f!.u~~:..........empl0yment pr~ctice~: ~nc:f . .. ·
.. th.e:durat1on;ot~h!:!.r:n1gr~m~."t'.orker's em'P.~~n:r~ryt'i3nd 3 .. Qeployment,. , of. F1hp1n'?. : ·~orl<_ers. thr<:)Ugl:1..
shall coyer, af.tQe-minimum: (CARDMS~~Meoh ·. ·governmenJ-to~govemment.hirin.~:i'(1-AZUC~NA;'
1:·.: )?!~cide.rita1·death .s.urvivor!s,·beoefit1"payable· sup1ct at 58). ·· · : · · .... · : ·•
. ··tp the migt,ant-.wqr~er's. benefi~iaries; . . · ' ·
2. Perman~nt total.Qisabilify. bene:fit payable tq· ·Reg·ut~tory F·unctions
. 1he migrant worker; · . ' · : . .- · . T.he POE~ sht:1!1:. . . . . . . . ,
3. Repatrlati.on·.cost"of:the',·w~rker· wh~n .his 1. ·.·In t!'le reGrui.tment ~nd plac'e1Tient of workers.to
.·\:en'lpl6yment is terminated without' any. valid ~ervice· the req1.1irements, for.· trained 'and
. cause,. incJvdi.rig. the transport of his personal cor.npetenk Filipino wbrke~S. of .. foreign·
. bel<;mgings. 'In. e.ase 'of death, repatriation cost ·governments and t~eir. ihstrume.ntalities;· a1;1d
for the rl3turn . of.his· remains;.· · soch other. employers . as public ·interest may.
4. ,§ubsist~nce all.owan·c.e,.berefit; require, Qeploy only to countries': (!;SIG) .
·s. Money clalm.s arislng·frdm employ~r·s liability; ·· a., Where ~he': Ph)!ippine.s hc1s concluded
6 .. ~ornp~ssionate Visit:- When a migrant worker §,liateral · · · labor· . . · agreements . ··or
. is-hospitaiized and l')as l::i.een·eo.nfined·for at least arrang.enients; ·. · . · ·
. ·> · 7 ·conseout'fve days, ·he Shflll:·be entitled to ·a b. Observing and/cir complying· wi~h the
.. compassionate visit" by ·1 ·family 'member qr a · ,international la~s and st~ndards'fqr migrar:it
: :requested individual. The · insurance company . · ·. · · ·,worke,rs; and . · . :' .· ·
.sliafl..pay for'tiie transportation cost of the. family c. ·g,uara11teeing to protect the rights. of Filipino
·or
, in¢ml:;>f;lr :reqi:iested ln'dividual t0 the ·major .-. . migrant worke~. · .
·· · ·airport closest. to. the place of hosp.italizatlon of 2. · !r:iforn'I migranJ work·ers not only of. their .rights. as
. . _the' worker.. ltis, how~v~r. the. responsibility of . worker~ but also of their right~ as' l)uman 'being~;

2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS 21

 LAB'C:>-R STANDARDS
SAN BEDA;LAWCENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATION$- (,!EMORY()ID i/019 .
MEtRMPW M . _Fi?*5i&k&AS PM Si IIWhWd
'"*™
3. · :instruct and guid~ the· workers flow to assert In the case of. IPAMS v. De Vera· and Arriola, G.R.
their-rights and provide the avanable mechanism · No. 205703, March 07, 2016, the' Court ruled that a
to redress violation ·Of their ·rights; . · ·:· · · . . foreign f aw may g·overn. overseas employment
4·. Regulate private sector perticipation -Hi the . · contract when the fo.ll'owing.requlsitss. are present:
recruitment and overseasplacement of workers · (Sl~·Pro)' ·
· throuqh if;:, lice~sing · and registratl_on_-.systern: · ,1. , That ·it is expressly: §tipulated in the overseas
·a.r.'ld- . .. .· . . .. . . . .emptoyment contract that a 'specific FOREIGN
s·. '. formulate and impternent.. in coordination with · law shall govern;
· appropriate .'· entitles concerned, wh~!i. . z. That the forei~h .[aw [nvoked must 'be proven
.neces.sary, .a · system for promoting · and: . beforethe courts pursuantto-thePhillppine rules
· .. rooni!oring.,the.overseas·empfoymen.f of-FiJ!.Ri.110; · onevidence; ; · · ·
.: workers taking into consideration ·their' welfare . · 3. · That {he. foreign law stipulated 'in the overseas
. and the dqmeslic manpower requlrements (f?.A·. . <. employment contract must !iPt be ··confrary to
Nd. -8042, as arrie,:i'ded.by R.A: No. 94;22). · · .law,:- morals, good ·customs, public order, or
· ·. · · ·.. · ,·' ->. · · . ··· · . · ·· public pollcy-of the Philippines: and ' · ·.
.Adjtidlca.tory···Functlons- (.Jurisdic~lo_n· Reta_ine~. , . · . 4- T-ti~t the· overseas·eniploym~rit contract must be
. wltt) POEA) · ·. · . ·,. ·· . ·. .. ·. .Processecrthrough lhe POE.Ai.. .
· 1'·. , "Admfnistrati:.1e· cases · .fovolvi.ng. violations .of · . ·: · · · · ·, ~- · · · ·
· · IJcen~ing rules and regulations· and registrati.9.lj,_,....it,:__--.§ubj~cttel exiefting laws, ttie'crirninal action shall be
. . or .recruttment and · ernployment" ag~f1.ciEis'"'or.
· ··. -e,:i!il(e~;·ar)d ... · · _ ..... >1..".: ~: t ·
riLJ.
j{!s'ttl'.lte..dand tried jn the court.of the municlpatity or
'Je~fo~,~9!~t~e ?ffefls~_was com_mitted or where
. 2: Dlsclpllnary action. cases an.9./ot.tfef\eypelklh·-""',.,~J}Y qt•t5kresse~1~.l1ngred1~nts occurred (RULES OF
~ses_ .which are admini~tr~~ie' in'\c~r~t~ei', .. · : ~ ~o1JgJj;l'fultJ}'f.J().Sec. , _, 15(~)). . .-.· .· . . · .
involving . employers, pn~c1pal~}j.Dn![~tm~ ~':""-.:.._.., ~ ·f )~ :,'-. .· · ·, · , ·. ·. · . ·
·t,f f?t· -~,-c-· 9\?f_
. partners and Filipjno mig(a~D-w.oi~er~!(/RR
R,A. No: 80_42,._Rufe.X, SJj'c.. 6):-..//J ·
· . · fl · ! I •
LF. :
/1[ 'R,_~Q"4J~~owever, fixed an alternative
·J!" : fa~ .Jtent;re· f~fm. t~Af'pr~~ide·d __ in :3ection _1~(a) of !~e ·
Ru[ee offnm,"111 W,p"l'4~re, ,ce., a cnm,nal·acbon
.. ·. Note: Jurisdiction. over .fl.~]P"s-'rjsin'g·ibut"ofafi . ~ ·-:-_ansing":"'liom.., illdgif. r;,_~qruitr.nent may also b'e filed
, . · empl~){er-employ~e _rel~tionstijp. ·or !:>Y. .-vii;tµ~of~ere thp.offen~~~d1Js(rtt~ctually resides a.t the time
. . ·. any law ~r contra.ct.invo1v!~Q~lfil.!i:>i1foW ~ef"l:ifC:lP. ' , ~he Cfi>l.!.!!ri_;SS! p~-ef:th.r offe~se ~rid that the co~r.~

. · ;,ctoal, . morn!; e_xemplaWd"'./'i oth~~~~·

d.amages has l:>een lrat!sferre\ t0 ~F.ii\™1;>0 ,'"
·1· 1
' · ?.~ersE;ias ·. deployl1'.le~t q inel4~ng .(~•r-i:is :f!l~:~~~4:·J~@pm\1;:ii ac~12n ls first filed shall a~q~1re
;;,11'".•~oollo lhe.le><!,1"f•on .~r nth~,. crn,tts
~{/JIJ.3],~~GR.jlvp.2~859, Ju_ne 5, 2017).
(David v.
.
AFbiters of the NLRC (R:~ No. 8'0,42, $~i1 · . . :.J~~n-~ ~ :l · ·' · . . .. ·
, PO·E~ .ha; .the po~ert~: .'. ·\: ·: '(. .
1. .~_uspend.or ca!lceJ hceps~~·and~. }!-;
0

2. ·.order- ~the. refund .or· re1rnk:!urser:peot9,[~.9.~h~he..PQ~~¥motu

:- • · ~ ~;1µ:~& ~fl1j~;~h:
~,-«·si1. -;~ ;~judica!i?h ~ ciffice qr.·
~~I .Gffl.~.e_,Sif~e PO~. ~s tt,e. ca~~; may be.
p_r-op10 U(ld~r.take·d1scipl11:lar.y
illeg~lly.,co_ll~cted:f~e~.(Ea~,ter'!A~~an'c.r:Jp._nd .. 'i;\1j /aciio;\._·)9Jiilst·a work7r.. !~-shall es,tabli.~ha ·system
· · .Surety.Corp. v.,. Secretc.Jryof La~or, G.~Yl~'l36- -lYllo~~td'ung·and _!)la.cJd1st1ng (POE;A Rules; Book VII,·.
50,· Januafy' 17;'.1}Jg"_OJ. ·. · ·. ., · · .:. . ·. -..-,=...~--=f:?"f!ieVII).· ·. . . . . . , . ·._. . . ..
' . .
. . "~-"~·~_ir,' o~vy c~~e·s ~ : J · .. ·:.•.• ••. . •\ .· :~ ·: ... •.... ..
. ' \
Note: For com·pl~!e llst of grouAAs.:for ·.~iscjplinary
. fy'loney clajms·_or. ~l~ims for 9a1:nages should: b.~-.file~.· -·action, refer to ·2016-POJ:::A Hules and Regulations ·
· before the·Regional Afbjtration-Sranch ofthe NL~C:-. ·Goveri1ing:Overseas .Employment, Secs. 143:.149.
1, · . Wher.e th~ complain~nt-reside·s:·or·· · . · · . ·. I , • • • :·• •, : ."' • '• .... ~ ; ' ' .. • • • ,' • I •

·.2:. : V','her.e ·.the· princjpal· d_ffice .of th'~.·'~esp,onden\· The ·secretary <,>f 1-:abor shall have the. exclu~lve to .
. ;employer is .situated., -~t the .."op_tion· ·of. 'tlie ·act on appeals frO!tl the,.Orders of ttie Administrator .
...complainant (201{·Nt.;RC Rules ·at.procedure.. . .(201.6. POE;A . Ri.iles .and· . Regulations .. Governing
. ·· RuleIV,·sec. 1,__ par.. (e)). .· , ., . . ' · · .OverseasEinploym_ent, f?14(e. Vll,,Sec~·185). · .
. . . ·.: . . . . ... ~ . . . . ' . . .
- ' '.

Tt)e ~ule~. of . P;~cedur.~ . on: Vel)ue: ·was mereiy. .. ·con:ipfi;,mise J\gre.~rrieni . .

. permi~ive-, allelwing. ,3· 'qifferent ·venue· .. when. the . · Sec:.. 1 O ot RA No.· 8042 al!ows resolution by
intere'sl oLstibstantial "justice demands, a ··different compromise· of .cases filed with ttie · NLRC.. Any
on~ /Dayag \,. <:;anitates,:G.R:· ·r.Ja.·..·12419$, March compromise/amicable . settlem'e,nt or, . vollmtary
6,'19~8). . . . . . agre.ernent on _-mon~y cla.ims inclu~ive .of damages ..
under this s'ection shall be-paid within thirty-(30) days
.•. . ·authority.
from approval'.·.
ofthe s~ttlement by .the appropriat~.
. . . . . ..

22 :I 2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 @'·1',', --:i;iu:!E-·11'-siim-mr:11
:·, a:M . ---.,,.-o ·Cll"im•··:&»El!llll:c.11m111111m-1s:1:m11n~!ll!9ima!121m:i::IQ!lm11m::1J:1m:r11m!l1,
. - -- - ,.. ••!< . _a, ~ !JI:11:s.-rm"'ll'l:ll'l:ll-:u1:11211S?ismSilllC11.m~e::!:r.:~
.tCILrr=

~··
,., .
·LAB.OR STAN . DA:RDS
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED.BAR OPERATIONS'_ MEMORY AID 2019·
~~
!?.f-.
iS»P ·>HMO PH
••
Rule on PrematureTerrnlnatlon .of Contra~t:
s t:+* +mWS*!**4P':-&!\f"I.&iiftW&aiM&tma,,aeefaP.&uawwmwvm..ri' ·.
Due Process'Requlr~d·t9 Terminate Employmen·t
1. · If .termlnated on groun·ds other thanthose. that Procedural due process ; requires that. a. seaman
. are lawful,' and :.valic:J .b.efore the . agreed must be given: ' .
termlnauon date.. the employer will . pay .the 1. Written .notlce of the charges 13gainsl him .
. workers · their .salaries correspondinq "to the· The employer js bound to furnish him 2 notices:
unexpired, portion . of the employment· contract· a: The written charqe; and .
· (Vinta ·Maritime Co., tnc. v. · NLRC, G.R. No. · b.'. The written noticeof dismissal in case· that
11$911,'January 2;3, 199~)- · .- '.. . . . is the.penalty imposed. · ·. ·. .
2. · vnder- · Seetlon "·10 •. a worker dismissed 'from ·. 2. Format lnvestiqation · .where he can . defend ··
overseas employment . wittid\Jt just,'. vatid. . or' himself personally or thr<;iygh. a representative
authorized cause or' the\-e are. any unauthorized before be can. be- dlsrnlssed .and disembarked.
. deductions from hls salary. he ts-entitled to fi.J.11. ·from.the vessel (Dela Cruz v, ·M.aersk,Fi!ipinas
·rein:ibarsemeiitofflis.pfoce.mer-1t,te'e."Vithint~'re.st . · Crewing,lnc., G.R. No. 172.0;38,. April 14, 2-008).
at. 12%- per· annum .plus. salaries- :for.· the · · · · · .. ··
~f .
,g- ·
:t!.
· =unexpired'p,ortii;>rj'. '61' 'his: contract (R,A. .'8042,
·10/p.ar.. SJ. · · · · · ·
-; · ·
· ·
~inirrrum EITl~loyment.·'Co~ditl'ons of'Pv.er~~as.· .
Emptoymen~:(G~l- ~O)· ·:.. .
. ~ 1. Gyaranteed wages for regular 'work 'houns and
:. . ; - . :; · ~.

~ · · .. · J~rispru~en~e·~n'ttie u.._..c·or1stltutlonaiity ofSe~. ·· overffme pay, as appropriate, whichshall not be

e-: · 10 of RA'· No. ~04~ v. se:c~ 7 .of ~.A. 'No. 10022 Iower than the presctibedrnlnlrnum wa·g~. ·in the · .·
with Rei'.}a~£1·to Clalrn for'S.alary for the Unexpired , .,-~). . host· country, not 'tower- than tl)e·· :appropria,te
.. :rerm.:. .. ''. . . .·. · .. · . .,. · ... ·· :,11/)Ji,. ''. niinimurn·:wage stancjard' set forth·in <;I bilateral..
The clause."orfor.three mpntb~ foreveryy_earo1.the, -~·1::·.) agreement 9r·: irite~nati9nal co.nver:rlion· duly.·,
,;,. , .'1.fnexpfie_t.:J.l~rf!i~ whiche'l(ei'fs·(e$~".tn· Sec:. ·10(~);,q{5::··,,,;;( rati.fied .by the host country. a.nd the PhiHppin.e~
i;: RA·No,_·80'~2 .was.declared. unco.n~fitutional:,bJ:thfi:,,;·;::,,,:-:-:-';or . ~o~)o:wer ~an the. m(njmury, .wage in. the
r. SC for .. "'.1olat!l19 Sec~.:.1 •. A'!·'. Ill,.. Se~. : 1.8, Al{j!f~~~,:y\ ,....~; ! J :'.'~)?!-!\,P.P.Jn,7~.• Wh1~h.:vens.h1gh.e$t;.. ·: I • :
ti,:·. S~c. 3; fl.rt, XIII of.the C~n~~tut1?'n, wh.!~t.as:.e?rd ~I.I /1 i'( 2. .free--t~~'}sportatron to and from the w9rks1te, o.r .
..

·~~~b.er~.Pf.the labor sector, w1thou\r~,1st~ction·as;L.1,1 ·: offsetlm-fll~nefit; · 1 .. . . . . · · .·

k{~ to P.lace bf ~eploym~rjt,.iu!l .prc.>teatior:i;~Mf.l~ir·~~hffe:---:!h. ;3.. free... W~~
,~n~ accommoqation, (?r offsetting ·
W and We_lfare_ (~en:a.noy. ·.~~1./;:mt f'.1~!.!ftme.~~!!r,v1ces f\. ·, . benefi~: M·:: ~. . .· ·. · _ · ·. . . . , · · .
Gi .. fm;;.;_<ji;~:·N0:, 16_76~4'.·¥a_rch.21;J,~09).; irt~ . ··~ .: i:·,•..
4. Jus~ut.hpnz~d -~aus~s· f~r. termJnat1on of ~he
t·· . · . · ·. · ... · · _ ... :
f/., The. ~~id ..Pr9vi.sl?n o.t. RA ~-1~:P . :~~':=-,.
894~~-~~c~·~.~ ·:
.. A n,u, · .
.!;;!
~on.tract If~ <.>f the services ,of the._workers taking
}~~;~~p:r.i~~:<;W~iS>i'l. the cust.oms, ·t~a.ditions, .. :
J, . pre_v1ously g~clared . tp be .. Q[lq01JSji1qtronJ3I via.~, .. 1~, i : l')OrmS,;,ffiQf.f?.Sr'P.racti~s.company, pohc1es ar9 '
~" · r~.ena·~~ed.in§e.c:7. ?f. R~. 1;1 .. .
i. . . . . '. - · · . ·. . · :· ·
o~ May 9,. 201,9. _
1~022~~.!GE)f- ~ffep! : ..
. , ,-. . ).J . .
v·~-~· · :- . ).• ~·· .
th_e lab~r laws. and·~ocial·.legislati~ris .oft~~ ha.sf .. · ·
1."''."';t>'m,co..untry~. . . . _
,5~>,t-'fh~ ~dmm1st~at1on may :also. c9ns1d~r.· the
. . ..

il·
.,:.:
H(>11Yever,'the .~ujlrem~,Co\J.rt_in San.rMf,ovef-?,~Y.S~;~,l:..'~~z.'. !ff.{,fe.1lif~l'ig as 'ba's.,s:t~.r Qttier ,provisio~s.. ~t. tti~ ..
Pfae~.meo,tAge.ncyln9; v.. C;1bil~s~.G.~·,:.Jil.o.
~:. · · Au9u~t· ·s;. . 201-4 ··$clig., tt:iat ~~tH:1te ·~w~~'!!'}tih.e.. •
110{<39, .
·
contrac_t:(PE~.R) :. . ·r.. .:· ......... ,.
. a,. ·_E~7v~ilir:ig. co.nqi.~o'n?rec1!iti~~in:the m'<:1d<~t;= · ·.· ~
·_; • • ·:·

b ·. ;cli;,tuse ,'ot for_ 3 J1J<J.!1t/1s fpt:_,· eve_ry ..Ye'!r 9f . the .. labor ij,r1p_.~o<:Jl:!1':law~ ct the :h9.~!:.:,
.b.:' .5.Xlftin.9
•'--: ·.une_xpiredt~"'l,·.whiCh£;Vetifiles..s,'was·rein.stated in.· . · cpunt.ry; : ,. ,. · . · :: . . ': .
t. ,
if...
Sec. 7 ·.6f ·R.A. Na_·-foo;22~·T~us;-:wtier:i··~. la~ or ·a
prcivisiofi·oflaw is'r'iu!Ubecause it.ls io'cohsist~nt with
c. : Relevaot: . bil~tera1.< a.ri_d· .·· · mu~ilat·i~r:
. ~g.te.en'lents or. ~rrangement~·.wjJh the',host
t · ,. the' c·onsti.tu,t.i~n.:.tl'l_e':'\1ull(tycan1:19t':b~. cur.ed·.:bY . country; and . , :: . . . • . · .. ··: . '. '<.':
r; rein6.o.rp~r.aUbn·:·o.r_. r!i)~.nactment .ot. th.e s~~e . or · ·. ·· d.. a~1evant. :c;!greements,. · conventions,
~-· simila~ lav,.,·or provisibri. A law ot.p.rovisi9n of lay., tttat · delegati~n~ or. res.otu.*ms · (2016 _: PO€A .
~. . . wa~ ·alreac:iy declared,..unc~mst!~~tio.nal .r~mains'. ·as , . Rple~ : ~nd· ·· Reg,uf~(ions . G6ve_rnifig 'the .
~·· su~~ u.nless.t~e· :c1rc9msta1:1c~~~~~e·.so..c1Jap.g~9 as , Recruit,:nent and Emplaymenr1 _of f:<!nd-
L .· td ~arr~nt.:.a reyers~ ''90,nqlus1?.0': W~ ·a~-e: .~oJ b~sed .Ove,:seas Worker.,5, f'~rt V; Rpfe, I,
(' · .convmcec:!'by.the ple.adrngs·~u.bm1tt~~-by.the part,~:, · "· Se.c. 1~5). · . . . . · .
i: ... ·. ttiat the),[iuat,on ha~ ~ctiari.ged.scfas'to ·~ause :us to . . . . . . ,. .. .
t. · . reverse:'bih~Jng .prec:ed.en~. We reiterate bLir'flnclihg . · ·. Agenci~s. G_ive,fthe ..D.\Jty to Promote the Welfare
rt ·
in '$eiratJd.'v: ..Gi!.flan(.Maritim~ tt,at,limitirig·_'wag1fs ·, ·. . · and.Rig~ts of !IJl.lgrant.Wo'rkers: · ... · ·
t.tia~ s~quld be 'i"~cpv~i:ecl .bY.. an,'ill9.gally qismissed· . .' .. .'( .Departnierit of For~ign Affairs'('PFA);'.
~ ·'. . ove!s·~as,w,orke.r.Jo:three.n:iol1th!;':is:bo.tb. a violation · · .'. 2.·. · 001-E;, · ··
·

f o~ 9U'e_Pr'?ce~s.a.rid-ttie.eq~al pro.tecbor.icla1Jse oHh:e · . . 3. P.OEA; . . .. , .

i'. Constitl!tlOI"); · 4 .. Overseas·· ,Workers Welfare AdministratibO'
~-· .. ... (O'\/'{WA) -·. It ·provides soc::ial and: v.,,elfa·r~
1;. • services incluqing iri~urance coverage, ·,~gal, :
f· ~ssistance. · placement · assistance, .an(J

;·
~. .
.; 2019 SAt,I SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I 23
 Mfi- +eWawe @4 iii YH#Si ·

LAB.OR .STAN . DARO·S.

S/1.N BEDA f::AW.CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS" Mf,MORYAID 2!)19
rs ·aa Ai pp WNSMIZll == A¥IP'ISS 1-CSl&MPEHft f i

remittance services to Filipino overseas Renewal of AEP

. workers. Under RA. No. 8042, it shall. prov.ide An application for renewal st,all be filed not ~adier
the. ·Filipino tnigrant worker and. his family than sixty (60) days before its expiration. ·except
assistance in the enforcement· of contractual when the fore.ign nati.onal n~eds .to leave. the country
· obligation$ by ager,icies, entitles and/or their or in other similar·CifCUmstances that:will hinder the
. principals; filing of renewal within. .tt:ie prescriQed period, in
5. Re-Placementand-Monitorlnq Center.{RPM) ·- which case the application·may be filed earlier (D.O.
.. · develops ·.uvel1h6od proqrarns for. the 'returninq No. 186-17; Sec.. 11). ·
. workers ·to. reintegrate ·the· returning migrant .
·. ': workersto thePhlllpplne society;'. · Application with expired AEP shall be· ·considered
6. ·NLRC ·'-' . tasked with the , settlement or new a·pplicatfor,·'(D.O.·No. 186-1?,° S~c. 1.1).

;:.. ~~t6c~!~N:i~~aa~o~~:~~;~~tion .Center for Exe~pt.ipn from·. th~· .,Employni~nt. ·. Permit

.· . · OF.Ws) . - proyid~s .a mechanism .:for . the Recjuirem.~.n.~ - . .· . ·.. , • . .
. reintegration .. of th.er OFWs into the: Philippine. The f?llo~mg. categories of_ a!1.ens-, are exemp~ from
soclety, serves .as a promotion house for their. · se~~r~~9. e~ploym~nt permit l~:ordet to work m the
local employment, and tap. their. skllls and . · Philippines. (DOOF:P~E)_ ', , . · : .·
·· potentials for national developmentrand · 1 · · All ;11eml;>ers of th.e Q'.ploma~i~ ~erv1ce and
8., DOH.,...regulates theactlvltlas and operations of~=:.:..fo.reigri~ovei:r,ment official.s ~ccred1ted ~Y and
all · clinics whicl) 'conduct medlcal; physical, z ·-r . 1i. •· ·Yl!J.~!l.._r~cipro~ity_.agreeme~t ~ith the Ph_1hppme .
. f I d t I .. h I ' I d th . ·1 r ·~ i l\[90',!eFl,J,:nent, · · ·
op IC~• , · _en a • P.SY~. O oqrca a!'l O ~r Simi a '>...../
examinations, hereinafter referred to as 11ealthq.~==~:~'( t:t< lfth"~hT ·.
-12..d Offic2.·r;'t,lmdstaff of international. organizations .
· . ·· t· · b:
examinations, .on Filipino migrant workers as ·-A!'z .': .,
-~--~\'!!0 ippme gove.mml:l~.1s a mem E':r'.
requirement -for:'. their overseas employment~-"'""'•·a.~<'R1~,~-IP·•J~~11'iatesp~u.sesdeslrlnqto work m
ti"' ~':ir; · tl'i~ndJpp1r:19s; -:..- , · · ·
· ·
.. (R(~. No.. 8.042:as·amendf/l:.~/7
. ·
t.
V d
.l. jp}-' }r. b;\ers\iJ~-tepr~~~ntatives.off?-rt:!grrprincipa\s
. · · iifl . . J('// H f · ,,/''),. r~.,. ,,.
whote.. COfT!panLe~ . ·are accredited .by . the
\' t: p "'O~ ,.. . E l t
..... ,.,.
.. ,.....-.-.-."."'. ----, ......
, ...... /,'1'f,;,,·-~·-~r~.""ij"f'f-· =t.. .!'ir··
-.-:-(\""·"".="".
• n ...:i-~. •
~l•J.Hl(?.~~ne ·~\:' .. , versea$ ... mp.oymen.
EMPLOYME,,.-ir'F'eP N;;~-it'" 7"\ ~- t~,-7~d~trn~trah~@.""'{~*· EA), ~[19.. ~ome .·.to. the
. .. ~ . if · - 'z (.;_ . •I L-:~tl Ph1l1pp1n~s .ff~:.aJ1qi ed pert0.~ and ·sol~.ly for Ute
. R'.ESIDEN::1,~·A1',{E1"f. \ '!:- ~, pup~),of ~ntervJe· ing Filip!no applicants for
, ·. - .. ~ ':i h .,~~ ..::::=.;::S__eipR~~prl'er:iC~!:ir.2.~<:f; · . · · ..
· , . ·. ·· . . . ·: .' . \ (JI ) \
TITLE T~O: EM~Lp~MEN~;O.f l"l~N.~REl~·~l
,.~

X?~ ~ ·~ .' i 1)--: ,~;JtJ~~

,E{i'J:Tfil ~.JJi;0',t~~fl·~r~.ent
i:iaibnal~._;J.ho. come. t~ the .PhUippin~~ to
a.nff/orc<;mdoc,;t resea_r~h studies,
· ALIE.N~ -. .':\ . ·. \ . ~) ~ ... · :<?"~tt'ty.miv:[¢!t.i.~sa!}fcolleges.asvisitin~.excl)~mge
. . :· .... '\, . . ' .(":::::._ "'s,y· ~or ~djunct protis·sors und.er.fo(maragre:ements
ARTICLJ= .io:. EMPLOYMEN,: ,?ER~'T P.~~N~~b'etwle,ri thEJ..funiyersitie{l, or. :9,olle~es' in.- J.he
. RESIDENT J,t.LIENS. · .. · . . ' .._l~')/:':~~--~"~~iijpp)~.~.and foreign·,,.miversifles or coll~9.~s;
Alien: Empl~yni~n~· Per.mit (AEP.) _ is-~~eqaire~yfor.. - ~:-;, · r-,._ ~~f~e.~e1n.th~ . Philippine :- g_o_vernment .. and
. entry mto the coui:itry fo.r emploY.[llent PY.~~){s!and l\1~ ._r)...'.).for~jgn.· government: ~ ·provi~ed that the
is issued after deter_mi"lation.'ofthe non-aVailaf>illty,ok.;..~~_,.~tfx"emption. is o·n a r.eciprocalbasis; ·~
. a pe(so.n}ii.the.Fhil,ippiijE}S ~_ho ·is pompe.t~nt•. able . .5. Eerm~nerit:. resid_e.nt. .foreign· . ·nationals · an<;!
and.. vvi.l!ihg at .th~ time of- applica.t~c;,.nJo ·perform the . ·, pfobatioj,a1y or, tempqr.ary resident visa; holders
se_ryices forwh1ch Jt:re.ali~n is P,~.sire.d~·fLABOR· uhder $action., 13,_.(a~f) ·of.the -·Philippine
CODE, Art.·40),:. . . . fm·migr~ti<;>rr'Act.of 1~40.·and.Section·s .of the
·· -· . · . · ·· · . Alien Soc;:ial fritegratiqn;AcifofJ.~95 (RA 791.7)~
.. ·A!ifci~~igh.'rt~t!6na·ls.~h6 inteild to.engagEiih gaioful 6, .Be!U9~.es·a.nd Stateless:Person.s recog.niz.ed by ..
· ~Qiploymerit ..in, the Phillppinis.' shall apply for AEP OOJ pursuant to Artiele· 17 of the UN Convention ·
. (D,O. No-: 1_86~17, Sec.· 1): ·. . : .. . . arid P~otocol.:Relatin.g tc:i·~tatus,of R:efugees arid ·.
· Stateless .P~rs.ons;·. , .. ,··. : ' .. ·;' . · .
.Validity· ~t·AEP. ( ·.· , · -· i. · _·. .' .. · ·• · . · . . '·. 7. : All foreign nationals: grariiect si<ercfption- by .. law
AEP shall be. valid for- the p9s1.tion and tl)e cqmpany . . (D.0. Np; 186.-{! Seci ~) . . . .
for Which i(was issued .°for :a. period .of one (1).: year
,unless the .employment ·contract, or other modes. of. ,:-Exclusjon :frQm s~cuiing Em.~f~y·rnerit Permi( .
engagem.ent:prov.i~.es otherWise, ·which .. in no· .case· .The folloWin'g·categori~s are exciud.ed.frc;>m securing
shall e.xceed three:(3) yea'rs (D.O. No: ·1a6-11, sec. · ),n employment permit; (GPCJCO). . . . . ..
.·10). . . . . . 1: Mem,ber~ ·.of· tlie: .§ove·~ning · board: wfth · voting·
··rigl:its only. _and ·.d<;> not , intervene in · the·
matiagemenfpf t~e cotp·o·ration·o.r .in ·the day to
c,l,ay ope~ations of.the enterprjs~ . · · . .

. 24 · , .. 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR.OPERAtlONS

 LAs··o·.R·'ST AN DA RDS
2.
41&¥4rt- . § •. ··=·=·' SAN O'EDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPiRATIONS - MEMORY AID' :1019
_, a Hi as mw,,e ,
£!.resident andTreasurer, who ~re part-owner of
&&! , ,

..
ow@¥ AW 1i~*?l"''*'•'ffl&ii
4.
1

~rave mlsconduct in dealing w.ith or ill treatment

the company; . . of. workers; . . .
3. Those providing -~onsultancy services. who do 5. -Availabiiity of a Filipino who is competent, able
not have employers in the Philippines; . and willing. to do the [ob intended for or being
4. [ntra: .corporate transferee who is a manager, performed by the.foreign. national based on data
executive, or speciallst in accordance .with Trade. . in: the. PEIS, PRC Registry of Professional- and
Agreements and an. employee -of the foreign TESDA Registry of Certified Workers;. . .
service supplier'for at least cne-vear continuous 6. · Worked Without yal.ic,t AEP for more than a year; .
· employment prior ti;> deployment to a. branch., or · ·.
subsldlary affiliate .9r 'repreeentative office in the 7. ·~PP,liecltion for reinewal with gxpired visa or With
. Philippines; · · temporary·visitor's visa (D.O. No: '186-17, Sec.
1~ . . .
.. Note; · E!(~cutive · primarily. directs , the,
. : jnariaqement of the orqanization and receives Ground.s. for. Can.cellation/Re.vocati~h of AEP
. only _general supervlslon pr direction; M;;mf:!.ger· . {No.rt-MSNl'-CTG} · · ._;' · ' ·.
· -,primarily directs the· orqanlzation/ ~epaqmen:t( · · .- T.he :.Regional Director. may, -motu proprio·-or upon
subdivision . arid · exerclses .: supervisory . and .· petiJi:p.n., cancel or- revoke an.AEP. after· due process,
. control '·functions over other supervisory, . based.en any of the foiloWing g,rouhds: . .
managerial . or . professional · staff; Specialist . 1. · Non~complianoe with ariy of the.reqinrements or ..
· possesses knowledge at an advancedlevel ·of · ,.,.." conditionsfor whlch the,AEP was issued· . ·
. expertise.·. · · . . ·":i<_?:!z . 2 .. ·. :~rsre~resen~ati_on· of fcicts. ·in
the: :1:1P_Piication·
. . . .· . .· . .... /·Jbt/•:•i;,., . .including fraudulentmisrepresentatlon 1;e. false .
5. ·~ontractual ·Service supptlerwho is. a mana'.siW/ ;T;;t . · statement 'that · has ·a. ri~gative ertect in the
-exe~µtive or. specialist and an employee .o.{ t:?~t~--:"'" ·e':'.aluat}g:~?f1:he.applic;:,;1_ti?nmade knowingly, ~r '.
. ·, ·. foreiqn · sesvlce S!fpplrer · -..yhich:: · ha_sj?'1JS(;j{.:/~)~~t~1!.~2W,J?,~}1ef m its. truth, or: recklessly whether it ..
commercial presence in the Pl)iliPPilJ.~~Y·: : >;,_'f. . ·.is'tFue~_r>_lalse; :_. ·· . ··. . · . · ·

1\
a,. Who enters _the Philippines !~!i-1:~rarily to·LJ4 ·, 3: .§ub!'l11~~1~~~f_fals_rf1ed.o~ tamper~d doc~ments;
supply a service p~~su~nt ,P)l;~'~con!raj: 4. Mento~.OtKS~~bJect1on
:between his/her employe~~pd.lii\se·rvic~ . · .;, .' · empl_99'm~l'lt:~f
·o~ mtorn:at~on_ against the
..thefore1gn nat_,onal;:
consumer ii'.) lhe PhilippJp_,es; '.~)~'· ;c-, ht) ._5. F~re)$.f~ · ~at1~al has -~een ~onvicted of a
b. Must poss.~ss the. aRpi;~~riate5:~Qucation·a1'\ 1-til,. · cn~tial_otfens~or-a fugitive fr.om jusJice; .
and professional qualiti~atiorrsn!P<!h. \-1.-t-:.·, It} 6. _.,.~P,~~l~~%?r.rn.1~ted-theemployment of foreign.
c. Must be employed by J.ti~. f9F.~ign(s.ervjp~:· ~-g/ · . nation..£1.!r'.~dl•r.:·. ·. . ·.: . . .
I-
s~pplier f~r·. at l_ea~t one,~~pri~htq t'}€l_'._ t,ti 7 - .,§_~ave i:nt~conduct m,d~<!hngw1!h or 111 treatment
.. ~upply of se,:vice in the PhifiAPJpes;~. f .. · rr· . -.-
6, Repr~sentativ~:·. of . th.e.. _Fo'reig11·M'Jikihcipal/ . /;.11~1t;;l..,.:;.- . . . ·
of workers.(D. 0. No. 186~17; ~ec. 13). .
· , , ·s • ·
·
,
Employer .a.ssigned 1r_:i, tt:ie ··office~:;~t !;.ic:~q(~~;(t,?.!?~~{!~,~~!.~m~I/ Cancellat10~ or R~vocation
.l'v'!annini;i.Agem:y-(01.::MA) in accor~.n,1:e:.Vf.ll~,,the ._The,fore1~n-.n~tmna~sh?II b~ d1s_qu<;1lifl~d to.r!:l-apply
. PQEA law~ rules and regulati<?ns (D:"~..91.18.6- for _AE~. w1thm the. foll?~mi;i. prescrJb.e~. pe(1ods
1'7, se.c. 3); . . . .' . . . . .. : . . .dep~nd1hg on the._gro.1.md.,. .

No.te:. Ali . fo~eigfr,: nationals .excluded· from.

. Period
. . • ':Cas_e'
oi. 'fw
otsciti'ar'i~ic~ti~~
of!.._Oeni.alLCancellatio.r1·or
Appllcati~il in.
Re.vocation
_securing. ·an AEP shall secure· C~rt,ificate 'of .. ·: •• ~.. ; •• • • ••• :-- ·• • • ~ •• · • .. • • .•••

Ex~lusiqn from ·the Regionat,'Qffi_te (P.O._,t'!o,

186-17, Sec. 4). . . · · . · · ·· · . ;_ .
. . . ..:·

Grounds .fQr Peniai'.of Application for new or · Convictfon '·: of . criminal 1 O. ye;ars
r¢n~"Val ·of ~I;> ·. · ·- . · . ·· . .. .· . . . : · · . ' · · . offense . or fugitive . from .·· >
. 'justice; or . . .. . . - .
An ·application. for: AEP. or renewal thereof may ·be
r •• qenied . ori. ahy .of thii following· grounds: (M'ScG~ &ave 'rnisto~duct in
AWE): .. · ·. . . . dealing .. with' ·. . or . . ill :
1'. · Misrepresentation ·Of facts io the ··application treatment ofworker~r
· includfng fraud\Jlen~ rrifsrepresentation t:e. false.
st;a~ement .· that has -a: r,egative effect "in the Misrepreseritatio~ of tacts- 5 year~
.
,· evaluation of th~f.application i:nade knowingty; Or'·
without belief in its truth, or recklessly whetner it
· or.
submission .of fals'ified ·
documents with .intent tci
·

is tru~ or false; · · decefve; conceal or omit

to state material facts
2 ... ~ubmi~sl.on of falsified·docl!rnehts;
a
·3; £onviction to a·criminal pff~rise·or fu"gitiv.efrom (D.9. No. 186.~17,.Sec. 14). ·
justic_:e iri the, coi.mt_ryor abroad;

~019 $AN SEDA LAW CENTRAllZED BAR. OPERATIONS I 25

 .. 90

LA,B:C)R STANDAllDS
% iSFM trr fii+s&Niiiiif PFii!t'iliW IH¥RAW:S

SAN·BEDA LJIW CENTRALIZED BAfNJPElrATIONS

- MEMORYAID 2019 . , ,.. ·.
a+i- dfiff . ! aww JSD$M-?&iiA .+>¥¢!'1:Pl'lr1fi"'5~ SMFMMt&Oe+e•,~···

Note: .The emplcyer, .or.. the employer's 'or. foreiqn

national's representatives and/or agents found to auMAN R.ESOURCE.S
have filed a· fraudulent applicationfor AEP .for three
(3) counts shall be barred from filing ~pplication for DltVELOPME'NT
a period.offive.'(5) years (f2.0; No, 186-17, Sec. 15).:
. TITLE O~E: . NATIONAL M.AN .. POWl;R
ApplicatjQh for AEP.. . · · · .' . . DEVELOPMENT .PROGRAllil
All applications for AEP shall .be filed.and proces~ed
at the DOLE.Regional Office or Field Office having· CHAPTER. I. NATIONAL .. POLICIES .. AND.
jwisdicti'b[I over .the intended place otwork (D.0:
ADMINISTRATIVE MACHtNERY FOR TtJEIR ·
186-17, sec. 5(a)). ·
IMPl,:.EME,NTATION .

i
I,
I

I.
II
!

: . The f~iJowing ate''th~ -speclal.qroups of :empioyees··.

- tinder Tme II of Book II orthe: Labor; Code:' •.. · .~ . : .
1: P..pprentlce; . · ' · .. · ·· ·
· 2, .. Leamer; and .
: 3... ·fiandi~J?PE:d..

-.·.. ·N~tei For. o.th.e~ specii~I g:r~ups:of. ernplcyees i.e ..

women, minors, househelpers, homeworkers and'
night workers; refer .te !he oisc;i.Jssio~ of. Special
Groups Q.f.Einployees under Special Laws. . . ·. .

(For Jobstert Trainee, -refef_ to tn« discussiofi 'of

Jobstert
. Philippines-Act
. . . .·. $pecial.Lews).
under

26 2019.SAN~EDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAA OPERATIONS_

 --1
- LA.BOR STAN,DAROS a .PR

. SAN'B.EDAl.(IW.CE:N~l/ZED OAR'OPERATION_S- M~M-ORYA_l(J ::zo19

I
I
CHAPTER I: APPRENTICES 2. Physii::ally fit tor the occupation in whi<;:h he i
. de.sires ~o be trained;
··. ARTICL~.5'7;.STATEME;NT·OF OBJECT.IVES FOR . ·,
THI; TRAINING-AND EMPLOYM.ENT OF SPECIAL
.f,.. . · WORKERS·. · ..
Note: Total physical fitness in'·not required of an ..
. .apprentice-applicant unless it.is essential to the
Objectives:·fDNA) .expeditious • and effective ' ·,earning -qt the
C

1,.. To· h~lp meet th!3 Qemand of the economy 'for · occup:ation. Only· physical . dete.cts, · which .
trained. manpower; · · · · · '· constitute 'real, im~diments · "to th·e effec.tive
2. To establish a ~atlonal appr!:)nticeship program . performance-;' . as .·aetermfned 'by 'the . plant
-through .the .p,ar:licipation ·of employers, workers, apprenticeship comr:nittee;, may· dJsq~alify and
and'goyernment ;:ind non-government agencies; . . : · applicant' (/RR of Labat: Co<fer· Book II; 'Rule VI,
3. To establish. Apprenticeship standards for· the· Sec. 13). · ·
pr;otection:'ofa'pprei1ti6es(t:ABdR C_b'DE, Art.. . . . . .- . . . .:·: . . . ) . . .
57).· .. : . "· ;3... Posses$ vocation~I ~ptitude ~nd' capa'city for. ·.
the p·attict:ilarqc;cupation as·est~_blishecJ.!11'rough··
ARTICL:E. sa. DEFIN.ITION OF TERMS. . ·appropriate ~E!sts; ·and ..· · ·: : , . . . · · · · . : . · .·
Apprentlceshlp is· a practical trairying . .on the Job 4 .. Possess· the ability to ~ori1preher:id· and foltow ·
supplemented . by .retateo ·. theoretical ·· instruction : · oraland·wnue~ ·instru'ctions;(/RR-of'L~por.'Code;
(LAB.OR . C_O,DE,
.,
Art;_
. 58(a)).:
. . . : ·. ,:. .. ·~ . · . · ·~ . Bo'ok'II;Rule.VJ, Seq. _11). · ·: · · ·

~~p~&~tice l;_-~a p'e;so.n u~~e~boing. tr~i~ing:f~r,~,m-:.;ff~.· ARTICLE 60; EMPLOYME;NT.OF AP~RENTICES •

approved . apprentlceable ·, occupation ·during/ an!/ .... , Qualifications of E;mployer.·of Apprentices:: . ..
. established period assured by -an apprentice~li!i{ :·; ;f\-1 j. S)nly employers. in highly. technical . lndirstnes..
· a9ree;m~nr(R,A No.' 7796; Sec. 4, par. (k)).: · y' {.'. , .. ,
':i.., . -~.,.maye~pJpYapprentlcesj " :

~· ~ppr~~ti.ce~~I~ . <;>c~up~ti~~n .is · an ~oci9tl'~~io~~/{f"

_officially endorsed by a tripartite .body,1.1Jd"apptove(J{!.,..,.J1·
-for ~ppre~tlcesbip. by ..:rESDA (R.A: N,<t'. :.lf.1i.?6,
._4,par,(m)J, , : · .. · .. · .: _·. ,-:.~y·~· ··
·... s:~y,,;,..-)",l
·.t:j; ... ·
4~NG~~~~ihiy:
Techtli~~t lndustrles ar¢: -triose .
'trade, b.J;is'q;iess,:: enterprise- industry•. .or other
a_ctivitY,{~1~.pare en~aged i_n the _applicc1tionof
advariee~Jte~nol~gy_(JRRo~La.bo:.Cocf.e,}ook ..

I
f· ·. . . . . };';(Y. .· tt'{c...,,; v.i
, · . •. .. 11, Ru.Te Se';;. 2(j))., . ·. · . · ., . ·
(_·· r.,otedt,is:~o _longerihe. Secr e~i;¥·ot\i'b~r . t:>u! t.l;l'f\ /.1
1 . IL .J~:l __· .. -_ · . ·:: .
i; . ·TESDA'w~1ch approves appr.~i1ce._abl€gc1:tjpa_tib_fJ,S., · (.(~ .2. ~~.i:,?.~·!~''1'~$Pte'n.
. ticeable · occupations · ·a_~-
'.. . )RA.No:7796'. Sec -, p.ar.. ·(m}{\...-..__,:t-~p1.:;f ~·~1:: ht . _ '.dete.fl1lt!l~.t>y·:.Tl=~PA.' _(LABOR . ,C.ODE· as
'4;
"'· · '.: ... ·· ·· .... ·. ,. "'.!'.:-·-'"~.;\
1ail f·:. f4 .amenqeq_by_E,.O.No.1.11,Arl ..($0)..
t Appre11ti,ceshi_~ Ag~ee_mer.it: 1~ · ·.~emJ?,Jqyrne~t . !f>.r~ . : .. ·· . , . . .· ... · ·. , . -·
~· · con~ract V.:h.erem,th.~·e!'Jlplo~er_ bm.tj~ h\gi~,t;iJM.otra112__ ,1.,:~-~t:,R~~l~!~S....;~'?r:ValldAppre,:1t1ce~h1p: (QuESAP).
::;. the.app_rent!c~.a.ndthe_apprent1ce 10 tufifi.:J~cepJ~~tre--•L..LW!l:Q1:1ahfic~t1ons. of apprent1_c~sh1p are met; . ·
:.; ·terms.oftra1mng(RA. No. 7796, ..S.ec.. '4:jip_ar.. 1[0)l . 2. Apprentice .J;ams ·np~ 1.ess than .75%_' of. the_
r_:
..
. . . · . · · : · .: ·.· ·< · . .-:. ·: .t:; .e,..ti . · .
It 1s also :a· contract .wherein a ·prospective. employer
· :-.
pres~ribed mlriimµm_'.salary_ ..(/RR. of:the. lab.or
. . C.od1:t, Book'//, Rule:VI,: Seo, 2Q); ·= · · . ·. · \ I
,;:_:,: .. -bi11.ds· hii:nself-tq· -1r~in ·.the. apprentjce who ·i~:tum
t . accepts. the .. terins of~ training for ~·,' recognized
3. · Apprepticeship agreement duly exscuted -and
. : .· . .§igned;· . • . . ·. . . ', ·. . ·. I
I
~-' - ... a·ppr_e!'lllce.able occupation emphasizing. ·the righ,ts; :- 4:" Apprenticeship.·program ~us.t_~ej~pproved by .
C · duties·...and respqnsibilities of eaci, party.-(R.A, No. 001:.E (now TESDA); ott:ierwi~e. the appr~ntice I
·. '7796,'Sec4{1)):
· ·.:, .·· ·
.. ,· .. . · . ·, ~-- shall·:b~ .d~emed.,,a:· regular. erhployee '(Nitto
··Enterprises. v. :·NLRC, ·G.R. · ·No: 1-14337, Ii
f . a
O~-the-j~b training, is practical work. exp.erierice · . · · Septfimber29,..'19'95}; and . .- . I
f.:" ·.. through ·. acti:iaf . participation in. ·. the: : produdiye 5. ~elj.Q.d of: apprentice~hip shall· not .exceed 6
fl, · aciiyitie.i. given:to or .acquired by an ·apprentice· (IRR
·ofLal:Jo.r'Cofl.e, Bo9k II, Rul.e v,;. Sec: 2(h)): .
months -~/RR i;,r Labor: c_o'd~;,_Book.11,.·.·~u!e· vr,
Sec. 19). . ... . . . . . .· , ... !
t ... _·. . -APl>RENTICES
AR.TICLE ·. .59:: · . QUALl;IC~TIONS
: .. _- · . ..
OF
.
~ . ~ot~: .At -the temiinatibn' of ·the. ~p~r~n~iteship,
.'the:employer· ls :n.ot i-(3guir~..d :to· c;bntiiiue·: th!;)
I
I
!
,:lJie following .are the _qualifications pf an ;apprentic.~: emr>loyment. The participatirig. enterprise has-
(15-PAC)' .. ·. . . · . · . ,. · ·· ·.
. ~. · Ade.as!fifteenJ1.fil years. cif ag~; provided tha~ if
· · · tne'opti~m· to-hire _the ~pprentice, even prior to· .
the : com'pietion of the apprenticeship peri'od
i
below eighteen-· (18) year&, ··he· shall not be.
eligil;>le :for haZardous . occupation (R.A. {'lo.
.7610, Sec, 12); · · · : · · · .. ·. : •·
(TES.DA Circular:No:·16~04). : ·..
· ·· ·· · ~ ·
: ...
I
l

2019 SAN_BEQAtAW CENTRALIZEDBAROPERATIONS. I 27

 LABOR ~TANDAROS
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRACIZEOBAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AIQ 2019 •
. ;~mw+SAI« \\AMA . ;;zap f?4¥ #fM i -, WE<i4&969-S$.6:f-.J.WPPS4Mhl§it4PMWil

There is no valid apf?rentfoesh.ip"if: (AWW-6) . . overtjm~ work is. duly credited toward. his training
1." The ~greement submftted to TESD.i\ was made of
. ·time (/RR (he l,.abor. Code, Boo!< II, Rule VI,· Sec.
long · after the . workers started · undergoing 20). .
. apprenticeship; · ·· ·
2. The Work perfqrmed by the .apprentice was ARTICLE ij2:· S.IGNING. OF APPRENTICESHIP
di"fferent · from . tho~e · allegedly . approved · by · AG'ij,EEMeNT . ,. . .
.TESDA; . . . Appr.enticeship agreem.ent is signed ~y: ·
3... The· Workers ·ur:idergoing appren.ticestiip are · .1. ·.. Appr~ntice, if-of age, otherwise:
alrecidy sk"ille"d work.ers; .and · · · a. .By. his paret:"'lt or guardian; or
4 ..- Th~·. workers w_ere ·require~ to . continue . - · b, In the latter's . absence; -by ari authorized
· undergoing the a_pprenticestiipbey.pnd_§ months · . · ,: · represent~tive.of TESDA; and · .
(Atlanta Industries,· Inc: V, ·Sebb/inp, G.S:. No. 2. E:mployer:or his ~uly ~uthorized represent~tive
· 1 f37320, Jitnuary-26,· 2011). · · · . . (Lf,/3.QR CODE,Art.. ~2). ' . . . . .

. Number· of:.~Apprentice~ . to be. l)~ken·: in by. ·. · Defective Contract

Companies· . · · . · - . . . · It'the agree_m'~"ntis. found to be detective and serious
· A participating enterprlse.shall. be allowed totake m: . · : d~rnage would-be sustained by either party if-such a
· 'apprentices only up to a maximum ·20% of ·its total . · . .d!3fe~t Is - not corrected., the DOLE-Tl;S DA shall
· reqularworkfotce (TESDA Circular No.-16._04). >~,,,:>=-=.~dvise·the employer "'{ilhin Jive (5) working days not
·: . · . - . · . · . . · ~.?.:q--·-~u·· 1,qyj,pl~ttienf the" agreement pending .amendment
ARTICLE. 61; CONTENTS OF AP~~~l_JSHIP _':,-~- }~i_l~t'(~._tLah.orCode, ~ook_ II, Rule VI, Sec.
AGREEMEN_T .. . .. //.~1 :.r?-~.,.,~----~·..,.
The Apprenticeship, Agreement sliaU· mC\jJd~{FB· . · · . -~,,~~
g_ ..,-,· ~
Jf:,\'~;.
•. : " .
.
. · .
THo.~_SWaP·C) .. . ff ~r);/ 1'.·.-"''"___.,.....".f"~->P.Rl:l~,l~~"'~1·. '{~UE OF APPRENTICESHIP.
1. full name and address.f_Q1l'-t~~· co9fracti~9. "").( ·loROG~Afltf~ .if"~ \, . · . ,
parties; . f .
"V / .. ·. ff . · · .:f' ~ ,±.\ .. Witliin · th\ ~!;pons-9ring. firm, establishment, or
,2. Dateof .!;!irth of the apprentice; J -, r, ·. . l\l", e11Jiti; o_r_ \ ( J}\ · · - '
3. Nam_7 ~f Ir~de, occup~Ji~lp'J"r.;Jot?inj?nicff~!!~·--~ir-~~~fl~ D'Rl;'..~~alniog -center or .other public
· apprentice shall be tr~,n~d-~afld th~,~ate~it~Jillii·S...4~tramJngmst1tut1orn;j;fpr ..
which · · such . training ~ wiJl:.d &egin nd :: _>Ml~"iii"Ul~i,:;.):n:;i· IDi~~r frainin~J1;1<-tr~9~'fundam~ptalsfn a training
approxi_mately en?; ~42:)~ ~ . r.¥ -.:. '!_:" .· ~ '<
~f:it!?"lor her_ ~']t>ti_tut_io~_s_with . subsequ?nt_
4 .. · A~p~ox1m~te _number if~~Fi~ ·o .~J. ·];.",~· a,~ aGy$o~ plar.t1~~ation ~1thm the spons~~rig
trammg·w1th_compulsoF-y,.tneor'ef1caLJ 19 )~....«;>~/.; ,rD;lf ~.@!Y d~l)g-the flnal-staqe oftraininq
which the .apprentice sh~ll undit~o 'c, • ,~ • • 't:A1i{ORJ.!9-P.E,
~""',,,~ 63) .. j"rt.
5. ~~~;~~'.1~ .. of_ th~ w~rk \'.R[ocesl~¥~0~~«~ ·. -:-~1/ ·.· .
SPO~SORIN"G · . · OFc
tradE!/?cc,uP.at1on 1~ w.h1c~ . the\appreptfc~~~_11-L~1'J.l.~P.EN1'~SJ,;IIP PROGRA~S ·
. . be tra1~ed?.nd the approx1ma~e.~~e-t~:M,spgn1i•~~-,i<~\~.:/~/i>;1' -:.. · . . . .'. ..
. on the J_ob m·each ·process; ·. . . -~~- ·:v J : . ·i ;f l~p:p~~.iit!,S,e'Sh1p _Programs ·shall. be. Undertakeo
· 6, G_radoated scale of Wages-}9 b_e: ·pafci;;,tQ.,.Jhe _,._\.1Llo~Sg.otj'sored by: .. : .- . ·,;: . · · . ·· . . .. .
.. apprel)tiqe; . . . . ' . : ~""--"""'1,"'7"Theplalit,.-shop_9r prerriises of tbe employer or
-7.' Erobationa_r~ p~riod. 9{ th~. apprent(ce · _during ·. : · · ··. . - finn ..concerned jf.the: apprentices~ip progra.m is .
:: whJch eithe(party ma"y summarily te.r("flinateth_eir · otganfzed by ar:i i"ndi.vidual employer or firm; ·
. : ..agreem<int;·and. ··: -- .· . . . ·.. . 2.· The pr.en'lises· .. of one-- (1)- or .several firms.
8'. A £la,i:Js_e that- if the employ~~ i~ unabJe·.tr;i.fulfilJ. .desig~c:1ted ·for_.the purp<;>s_e' by the .orgar:iizer:_of
. ·.···his training .obligation.· he"·mc;1y· transfec-"the. the program.ifsuch . organizer·is an ass6ciiition
.· agreement, with the·_cotisen:t of-the_ apprer_itice., . · of empioyers.:civi~group and th'l3·li~e';· . · ... ·. ·
to a·ny other. emplqy~r:wh6..ii, williritf fo:as·sume . 3"•. ·DOLE; Training. Cent.er or other· public training
such obligation (fRR-.of:theLabiir:Code, · ~dok II, . . · · · instituti<,ms with which ·1ESDA has made'. the .
·Rule.YI,· Bfic. 1·8). . · - : . . .. appropriiite· arrc;1ngements · (/RR of the Labor
· · · . , . . qoae, Book.II, Rule VI;Se<:::,!#}.· · ..
The ,working hours ~f appfen.tices shai! not.exceed.
· -the maximum huir\_ber. of:.hours prescribed b.y law; if . · A~,:1~'-:_E ~5-61: . YIOLATION OF
any·, f<?,: a worker of liis age."a.nd sex: "(ime spent in APP.REl'IITICESHIP AGREEMENT
eompu)sory. . tt,eoretical instruction .shall . be ·E.itl:,er. party to an· apprenticeship agreement. r:nay
considered hours of work. · An: appre.htice ··not terminate Jhe· same after the,· prc:ibatipnary period ·
otherwise barred by law from ,working eight (8)" ho1,1rs only·fpr-a valid ~ause. Actic:>n may be initiated upi;m
._may be reque"sted by ),is e"mployerto work ·o~ertime · complaint of any. intere~Jed.p~rson or upon·:-oOLE's·
·and ··paid accordingly, pro'vid'ed 'there are r.io · own i~"itiative .(LA{30.RCODE,Art .. 65). . · ·
available regufar wprkers to _do tlw jo.b, and the· .

28 I 2019 SAN BEDA LA\/1( CENTRALIZED BAROPl;:RAf.lOt'lS·

 ,. tWi MES

LABOR STANDAR·D~
·SA/'f BEDA.LAWCE:NT-R/ILIZED
BAR OPERATIONS- MEMORYAID 2019
tmiMH9 A& ih§J@fi RR?*P•iltM ... ZiMSA&tteff w7':*tM¢
·,. ~.
··: ... Valid Causes ft>r Termin~tlon ~f-Agreemerit ARTICLE 69: RESPONSIBILITY ·. FOR · ·
%{-, 1: By"the employer; (PAW~PET) . . · . : . THEORETICAL INSTRtJCTION , . .
}fr° a. P~pr · fhysical · condition, . permanent .Related· theoretica_l instructions. t~. apprentice~ may·
.(, . dis~bility · · or proJonged illness- .. which be unde.rtaken by the employer if he. has, adequat~.
~;--'. 'incapacltles the apprentice from worklnq; facilities and qti~lifil;?d instructors for the .p·urpose. He
f(:: . b. · Habitual 8b_sent¢elsm _rn on_-!he-job training shall · indicate his ·intention to assume -such
~:-..; and relatedtbeoretlcal mstructtons; . . responsibflity in the apP.renticeship standard ·ofhis
~· c. ·· Willful dlsobedlence of. company rules or program (!RR of the.Labor Code, Book .fl, Rule· VI;
~ ·;. insi.Jbord!~~tion to la_wful orqer of a su·~e_rior;· Sec. 27): ·. ·
f. ·
d. ~oor.effic1ency or performance on the JOb or
6, . in the classroom ,for a prolonged perfod · -ARTICLE 70; . VOLUrilTA.RY .. ORGNIZATION OF
f despit~ 'warnlnqs," quly" ""gJ\ien- _to . 'the APPRE.NTICE$HW PROGRAMS· . . . . . '
~- apprentice]. . · . ·. . · . 'Genera!: ~1.:1le: The organization of apprenticeship

ttl· e. J;,ng~_ging in violence or other forms of gr~ss · .·. prog·ram shall'be pril!larily a volunta_ry uhdertaking.of
misc~hduct ·. inside . .that . · _employer's . employers (LABOR CODE, Art: .7'0). · · . ··. ·
.
.premises; and .. . . .. . .
t f, ·Iheft or- mallclous destructlori of company · ~xceptions: .
r. . .
property and/or equipment (JRR of Labor . . . Compulsory apprenttceshlp . -.
!f: -Code,Book II, Rule VI, Sec, 25).· :· · . . .-··1. "Where "the 'services of foreign technicians are
)i • . · · ·. · ·. . :· · . : . · · . /~ . ··utilized· by prtvste companies .in aoorenuceable
t-, 2.· : By the appi:_entice·:.:_(SBC-~eP) · · . · ,,.,/~'./j:r' traces,' said companies are· required. to set up
f:"_. .: a..Substandard . OF . deleterious·.· Wofk1ril;h,j:~•l\ appropriate apprenticeship programs (LAF.;JO~ .
[' . . ·-. conditi.~ns within_ t~e ~nip.t~y.er's pre~isf1~it-: it~ ·. CODE,.Art. 70).. . . . . . . . .. . .

r .
f:
,.
:'
I;>. ~.:Id hea)th ?r ~onll,nulng.tUnes.s;
r

?· f:;i~yi; o~:~r~u::~~~9i~~~=t~e~\Jfth!\J.If!,,·
. >; Ji: , .:. .:_. "S·-2:_ · Wheh. !;lfc!Ve. national ernerqencles, p.articularly

~-- ~ep_e~ted y1ola~1ons _by·_th_e ei;rypjciyer ?f th?fl:--,.~

. t~rms -of the apprenhce~h1~ a_9,r,~~~nt;_a~--:-f.l.. .
f· . e. · f~r~onal proble,:nhs :~1h(c~ 1~t!),e..-F.!~!flo1l of. ·
:_. th_e_ appre~!ic~ ·. s a ~.~~:tent_ h_1W~1~m· ~ ·- · ~--\.
·;~~~~f~;~l~.i~~q~~;:~Znl~'. the~tate~~~~~~~
d_evelo1~p]~Qtso·dem_arid, th';) Secretary of labor
may re{orr,fi;lend the.Pre_sident of the Philippines .
H. the c<;,ltlp~ls&jy·training of apprentices in certai.n
trades, o~up~_tions,jobs,:or ~mp!6yment levels

~-
·
·.
· . L~bor-Coc;fe, Book II, ~'!/1.
.. . . .
\l ~t ~?J~~-\;,~·o-t-~ -.· ·.1
-~~t1sfacto.rY:Perforyna1:.1r~Pf..hL~'!~b. (IRR

. ~-~ Fi,:-. .,
1::''.J ·

" .,, .• i
whe,i~ sh9rtag~;of trained manpo~er-is i:feemed..
·;,J ·. ,cf.ft~?,';{~!3,'rE(~LaborCo~e, ~OQ~ JI, R_µ~~VI,
Sec.'.4':1,J:.:.,..,.,__. . .
~ .; -~~!d:~;si9~ of an.au.th~riz~d ag:~iiftthi\Q?I,.~:· ((.,.A~TIC.LE 71: DED~C~A-BIL;~Y ,OF·: TRAIN;NG
. may be appealed to t~e :Sec~etary of{~ab~()._w1th1r:i },,,~>c<DSTS~ . . · · .· · . ·
( ." fiv~. (5) ~ays.trom- re~e,pt of the.a9ver~-~yec.1s1J~y---i!!'..:~'Ail"a'di:imo~11'
deduction- from- taxable .income qf 112
r The·-decision of the :secretary cii'Lahot~b~~:b"eYi'nai . : of the v~lu~, of labor fraini_n~r ·expenses i~~tirred for
:· and executory (LABOR.CQD£,·Art:· 66)'. ~--.=1~"~-i.i, .. · ..d~yelop!ng : the _-·pmdu<?llv1ty · and . effi<?~enqy of
}" · · ·· ·.. . · ·.·· ' ·· · · ·· · app,rent1ces .shall. be· -granted.· to·· .. the ·person. or
,. ~xhaustion Of"A~mlnistratlve Remedies":.":· ·'.",_ ···.: "enterprise ·Organizing" an appreotic"eshJp program
·No perso.n . -'shc;1il . ihstitute · an·y.. · ac~ion: .fdr. ·the .
-er:iforc.em~nt'.of:"a.ny apj:>rentic"eship -agreement _or
(LABOR.CODE,~rt. 7.1 r·. . . . '-. .
damages for br.~ach "of ~ny .s.uch" agreememt unless . Requisites' fc;>r ·Dedu~tibiiity of "Trainir1g ··costs:
'· · h.e: h.;:i~ ,~xh_austed . all ··avallable_ · .adri'iinist_r~tiye . :co1op.) · · · · . · · · .
remedies"(LABQR 90DE,Art:"67): ·· · . : ·· . ' · 1. ·. Appreriticest:iip program must· .. be · Quly
t• ·•··•••
~ · recognized by"t.he DOLE;·.. · · ·· · ·
-The·~1a_rirapprenticeshiP committee sh~ll h~ve·1nma• ·2. Deduction shali npt exceed tefl (.1fil % of." ijirect
. responsibility for ·settling :-dlffe.rer'lces .aris!rig out'-of · .. labor wag.e; and . . . .
. apprenticeship agr~ements VRR o~ the Labar Code,. 3. ···!::mployer i'),usr_~ay the minimum ·wage· (LAB.OR
. Book II, R_ule VI, Seo, 34, .Par. (b)); · . · . . . · ' .. . CODE, Art·.
.. ' .. . .. ·... . ~ . 71), . .: . ·· . · . · .. ·. · · .
A~TICLE·68:· APTITUDE ·TESTS'·.. . ·. . :·_ART_IC,i..E .72: . ." APPRENTICES WITHOUT
Ari. employer wh6· has· a recogritzed .appr~n_ticeship'.- COM.P.ENSATION ·. . ..
program shalr provf~e ·aptitude" fests:to_ apprentice- Apprentices may be· hired ·without cornpensa"tjon
' applicants (~BOR CD_DE;Art. 68). wher~ on-the-job t_ra_ining if: (GB) . · - . .
·1 •. Required by . the. ~ChQol/training pl'bgram or
Note: .However, .if the employer does no( have
curriculum ·as .a requlsite for·Q~aduation; or
adequate facilities,: "the DOLE may ·provide the.
2. A requisite. _for .§.®"td · examination (IRR of the
service .free-qf charge (!RR-of Lal:i6f. Code, Book II,·
'Rule .vi, _Sec. ·12)."· · · Labor. Code, Book //, Rule VI, Sec. 40).

-. 2019 SAN SEDA l..fl:.W CENTRALIZED·.BAR OPERATIONS- I . 29

 • Mhhkitlffi + ere+ s rite:k™
. . LABOR ·ST·A.NDARDS·
51.tN B£DA LAWC£N'TRALfZ£D BAR OP£8ATIONS-: MEMORY AID 2019
CM#f&#i F·i11T I HWWGIMlihi4Wf¥iffil&Gi2¥Miiftilili . IMRI Wizyiii_qW+ttt¥Mit4fr
8if#f¥4iffi~'1

CHAPTER II: LEARNERS·· Approval . and · Cancellati'on · of Learnership

Program · , · , ..
.ARTICLE. 73: LEARNERS DEFINED Learnershlp program must · be . .subrnitted to ·the
Learners are· persons ' hired. as, trainees in semi- Apprenticeship Division ofthe DOLE Regional Office
. · skille,9 -and other industrial .occupatlons :Which are · · · concerned for approval. Under R:A. .-Noi 77~6, the ·
. non-apprentlceable and. 'which· may be·· learned . program must 'be . approved by .: TESDA. · The
· throuqri practical . .training ,on the job in a. relatively ·secretary of Labor may cancel· ·any· -leamership
short-period of time which shall NOT exceed. three. · progr.am if, . upon inquiry, it· is found that the.
(3) months (LA!30R CQOE, Art. 73).. . justification of .the program nolonqer exists (!RR.of
the Labor.Code, Book II; Ruie Vil, Secs:· 3 end 7).
Learne.rship Agre·~~~ntis the .contract entered into ( .
between the- employer and ttie · .learner . (LABOR ARTICLE,76: LEARNER~ !N- P.IECEVV,ORK .:
C<;)DE, Art: 75), . . . . Learners · jri piecework or incentive-rate jobs are to
,' ... bepaid in full for the. workdone during the training
period (LAB<?R CODE,.Aff.Jo). . ·, -,- · . .

Leamirshlp v. Apprentlceshtp
. . . . . .....

When. no- e~P.erl~.~c~d No. ~c;ndiHbns..set .by taw-.

work~rs are avatlable; . .' . . .
When. . necessary. . to ··
...· .· . . prevent curtailment of _':
Note.:· the··employer is 'compelled to
continue. . · employment . . . .
. · the ·em.ploymeht . of the ' le~m,e~ : after. the · .opportunities: AND. .
termiri.atiori 'of the· agreernen.t. (DUKA,· supra. ,# · \JV.hen .. ·~ employment · : :
10~). · · .. .does not cr.eate unfair .
· .. . cqmpetition
. · .:Note: A learner who has worked ~~Ii!'.19 'the first two =r+r:r: _.__ _,__ ___,
. ··. (2) months -shall, be deemed a re.gular employee ·.jf ·
· training is termmated PY the employer before the end
·of the stlpulated period throuqh ho fault of the.learner
:(iRR-o(the Labor.Code., Book II, Rule VII,- Sei;. 4).

30 I ·20~9 SAN BEOA LAW CENTRALIZED .BAR O~ERA TIONS

·.;e-'! . ..,,,..-u:m 1PMWI !AMP f *': i L AW khfWBIH RM R~lfMfflifltl!hlifCi£ii£~ ~-- ..

LAB.01:t-STANDAR.bS . . Aefit~:.
····a
SAN BE:DA LAW CENTRAtlZ.ED'BAR.OPERATIONS;-MEM_ORYAID 2019
Ff&biNiWIWdMWfi#JWF &-P·f& a kQ§Q5$!1 1S&SiM~ r,
Labor
1
,

HandicappedWorker und~r Code.

0

v; R.A.
' · · 72,77 as amended

Law does· not provide At least fifteen (1.5) ,years

for . . qualification . or of age; . . . .
learners Possess vocc;itional
aptit~de. and capadty'.'ior
Those who_se. earning Those. sJffering · ·fro'm !.
capacity is'ilT!paired by res_triction ·. or diff~rent
appropriate test;. ·.. '
age or physical or 9isabilities; .as a· r¢sult of a
· Possess · · -th:e .· · 13biiity to
mental deficiem:::y' or inent;,il.- phy~1¢al or
. comprehend;·.and :'follow
jnjury, dis·ease, . oi' senso'ry irnpalrmerj~. ·. .to
writtE!n instructions; .(Ait. ill1:1e'ss.. . perform ari 'actiyity in th.e
.59)c .
·mann~r or withi_(l the
Ph'ysic;:ally··,.:m . for . the
range conside_i;e9 normal
occupation ·
for human being.a
(1 AZUCENA, supra·ai 155).
. . •· . : . · .; ~~:,;:} . l~p~irment is 'any joss, dimin4tion.or aberration of
Note.: Learnership and appr~~ticesh1~ are Slf!)l~~f,,;-,.,!.\ psychological, physloloqlcator anatomical structure.
because th_ey bothmean tra1mng periods for JH.P,~,t::·~~.~ or function (R.A.•No. 7277 esemended, Sec. 4(b)).
reguiriilg skjlls that can be acquired :through"aq_tti~l~<t,;t) .Disability · ·. . · · ·· . . · ·. . · .
. . work: experience. Because' both .a learner .an~Nafis·:";~!-~-,t::;-£:,A .. ph~sltai or mental impairment - that
apprentlce are noi)s full_y prQduc_tive ay;.,~-~~l~r-tJ~?l-l:··:·~~~~ly.limits ·1 or· more psycholoqical,
workers, the learner a~d. theappren_t1c~.'i'i'PY'?~ pa1dh JJ . . phy~iolo~i,~,al, or anatomlcal function of an
. wages 45% lewer than _the aJJp!,cc\l;>:'r.)j11.lnlm_ur~t>,4 · indiyidLt~JCO~cJ:ctiyiti~~of ~u9h lndivldual; · ..
w.age (Id.). · . . , · ·. . )f~t,~:::d. -*' l(\ i . .A.r~99fc:I.~f ~}.lch·an impairment; ()f.: ....
· ... . · . : . ··· . . ->;'?~ <',..,:= · · ,ti 3. · · Bein97.re.g,a~~~Qas having such. an impairment
.ARTl<?LE.77: Pl;:NAL!Y.~~\{~~ · · >,;;f_'":. . ;;.~ f_/\ 1. . (R,A//No.f27lasame.nded,.-Sec. 4(c)):_· . .
Any· v1~1atio:n of the prov1s1,;,r(s?rtxt~~Y~P:gterw,a.11_ • · h, · . ,,,J;,. ..i,\j:~l~::;r ·: · · : .· . , . . . ·
. be subject to.the general p_en,elty,.i;;ta~~~'.ov1~ , t~t !°Ja!1~i'cclp1·~E;!~rs,fJe·'a d1sadv.an_tage_ f9r a _given
. under t~: Code (LABOR CODE,,~t:f- 7J,J.::·)7\ ·.. 'jt ~-~1 1~d1v19~al;-:-:4res~lfi~g .from .an: 1mpa1rm~n~:; or a
. . .. •- · ·. .: :_ \~<''\,.\ Y b' .. d1~;:i.b1_hty that hr1?1ts· or prevents, the func~1pn. or
:C...AP_TER Ill: HANDICAPPED; vv9_R~~!3..~kJ..· . · .J,;,,~}1f!~}.tx.that.i~.~hsidered_ normal given the. age and.
.. . . .·· . . . · ..,,l:('.~. ·;~~-=-:a.:~~··.-·:s~X.-fil~~nd1v1dual (R.A. No. 7277 ?.S amended,
N_ot~.= The ~agna· Carta.torDlsabted ~rso11~J~;ft". ~-· Sec'.-.4(d)). · - . . . · · .. • .·
· 7277, as ·~me11~ed ·bY.R;f-· !'Jo. Q_442 a!tt1.ff-}·No. ·.. .·. . . : _ : . · . ... . . . . . · -. . . . .
10070) governs· the nghts·. and .pnv.i~g.es of ARTICLE 79:· .WHEN.' IS :.A HANDICAPPED
.· hilnd.ieappedworkers. . . WORKE~EMPLOY.ABLI;/ · · . ··:. . .. . .
. . . Art. 7~ .qf.the:Labor Q9.de. t,as bee.rr supei'secled'by
· Appiic~,!:)ility of t~e Mag'na Carta for Persoris·.w1th .· R.A. !?-77 ~s· ~mended: . . ..
· Disabilities . . · · .. . .
R.A. No. 7277. is applicable to those persons- with . . : TM.noble Qbjecti~~{ofth~ Magna y~rta of Dis~ble9
disability who·'are Filfpll'lq citizens {R.A:· No. 7277. as · Persons are not. . based. : merely .. qn charity' or
arnen.cff!rj, Se_c. 3).. · · _ . · ' ·,accommc;i<;fatiori;·.b.ut on. justice·_and:eqo~I tr.e,atment
.· A.RTIGLE 78c· DEFINITION . ..
.' . of qualified' employ\:)eS, disat>led or . A~t. After the
_ d.isabled·employees haw shown their· fitness for the ·
· · t{andicapp.ed· Workers are those.· ~t:io,se · ~aming. . woi:k assigned to t~em, they should be· t_rec;!ted.ahd
· capacity is· irn paired by· age or physic~1 or mental granted . the. sam·e .rights .like· any .other regul.ar
defiCiE!ncy _or':. -ii'ij1,u'y,. di seas~. · or .·illn~s·s ·.(LABOR . ernployees. (Bernarr}o· v, NlRC;·~. R. N<:- ·f:?291_ 7,·
. CODE,Art.. 'ta;:· ·. . -< ·, · ·~. . : •· · · · July·12; 1999). ~ · · ·
. . . - .
Persons with . bisabiiitles (PWDs) are . those ,., · Qu~llfled. l,:tdi'l,'.idual ~ith Di;ablllty j~. a,n 'i~dividuai .·
. ' SUfferfng''Jrom' restriction . or different abiliti~s, c!S. a with a. disability who, with. or witliol:it reason,able
,' resu'lto( a. rr.ienfal, _physical or sensory imp_ai,:m~nt, acc·ommodatlons,.. Cafl perform.. th_e··, -~~§~fl.tia.f,,..
to pertor1T1 an activity in tt)e· manner or ~l~ln the. functions cif ·the· employment· positic,n ·. tt:i.ar· ~uc;:_~~! ;'::<
· range.'c'onsider:ed 'normal for ·a human _bemg. (R.A. · individual holds · or desires. (R.A. · NQi . 1i/!T 11.~;·;\t~
No. 7277,...E>ec. 2).. · · amended, Sec. 4(1)). . · · . , ·.. ·:~::~ ~<!d

. . . . : . . . · .· .· ... ·. _,:·:.;,//'{~til
2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED ~AR OPl;R•Y1:l(?J<.l?it)},1fff;t~
. ,· . ,. . ' . . -~. .~~~c :/ '();'.J
 . LAB.O.R ST.ANDAR.DS ·
SAN OEDA LAW CENTRALIZED8.AR OPERATIONS .:·MEMORY Al/? 2019
MEN!,. iGIEW
-
Note.: Considerc;1ti.on shall be given to.t.h~ employer's Persons with disabilities sh~II be el,igible as
judgment as.to what functions of a jQb ar~ essential. .apprentlcee . or learners: provided, that their
If .an employer has prepare~ a· written . description handicap-is not as much asto effectively impede
. before advertising or int~rviewihg:applicants for the the performance· of job operations . in the
job,-this de~~r_iption shall be:corisiderec;i as evidence particular occupation for which they are· hired;.
of the essentfal functions of lhe job.(R./t .No: .7277. -Provlded, further, that. after the· tepse of the.
as amended,.Sec. 4(1)). . -· · · period of apprenticeship, if found satisfactoryln
the job performance, they shall be eligible for
ARTfCLE SO: · EMPLO'(MEN,: · AGREEI\IIEtff employment (R.A No. 1277.as amended, Sec;.'
CQNTE:NT~ . . . . . 5). . -
Gontents of. Employm.imt . · Agreement= · of . , .
handicapped'workers; (NR-ND)· · ·, :· ·. 3. N9n-Dis~riminc1tiori on Employmen(
f' TheNames and addressesof toe employer and · ·. No entity, whether. public· or . prfvate.. shall
the h°'iirid(capped worker; . . discrlmlnate a!!Jainst s;I qualified.disabled person
" 2: The Rate of pay of the handicapped· worker _ . b_y: .reason .of . disability in ·regard .· to the job
·. 'whtch~hall not· be lessthan the legal rnlnimum · · .. appucation procedures, the hiring, promotion, or .
wage; . . . . . . : discharge . :' of . . employees, • employee
·3, ,The Nature of tlie(work tobe performed by the compensation, job training, ahd other terms,
· handicapped person; and. . . ;. . . · · . ~·-""~;-;.;=--...::,;cciriditiQf!S,and .privileges.of.employment (RA
· 4 .. The·. Quration ..of .. the e.mployme~! .. if:A'BO.~
1 _-1- ;\ Sec. ~2/ · . . ..
·
.
'(JODEE, Art'. [JO). ·.
, .. · - . .
. . ·
..
. · ,,j!:':_ · ~,
: .. .. <~
. . :,17'
7
\\.._.; j . \ . _'N~::,Z~77.?sam·ended,
'r
tf i.,. ·,-.,._ · , . . . . • . . •• · .
;;:,:.:===~,:~t;:_,\l.<>.c*-i9n'al~~uid~nce;~nd
. -,
Coun~~ling . . : : .
.

Employmenr .. agreement ::shal!,,,.fb.e '.-~yl3!~et• to . · . · '4:~;~WJ9,;.~l)..all1mpl.ementmeasures·pr.oviding

i.nspec!!on by · tt,e· Se'?re~ary. d.ffL§l:l~i.oji~h.~,.,eufr=;ii_..,,~a.0,,~~~~lu'attn~r . vocatlo~al gujdanc~·.. and ·
· au_thonzed repre.sentabve.(/R~{o_t;;~~q~o~,Boq~ ,~., ~-w co.u~s~h{'Q,.:Jl'.?)1,.n.able. d1s~~le~ . persons .• to
II, Ru[e VII(, Sec. -4J. " . }.'' Y.! · {. · Jr. Jjl~ A~. s~~~f.~·. ~t~'lf!. cm~ a~an~~ .m. eml?lo.~.e~t It . <.

.· . · .· f
1. . // • • __ • _.--~~allA en.sll[.(jli)\ava1lab~hty: and =t~13,1n.lng -ot
Proof for Entitlement to Piivilege,~· · t'° . coun.selors~:and __ptoer ·.Suttably qllahfied staff
The following are re.quire .to:i>~.submitled:""~"'-· l'Ji)g,"t'esp/msif:!le ~iottb~ vocational · gui9a'nce -and
1. 1.de'ntification··card iss e!=J.,.-sf the. ri\~yor (;_~~ \J'B,'co.u,rs·elingJk!isjw,0. persons:(R.A.No. 72!7
---.'<
barangay · captain whe~~\f4'n~:~is115f~J\persqh~-:::,-.,2" as pf}jji]?l'deqJ
'd . \ . 11 • --~.,., '('\ 0;. · .· ' ·
S{3c: 1.1 .
res,_ es; . · .. ,,.. f)' . -,,,Ci~,
:?.:, '-~· :::mi I 1 '!1'lt
;1 !-,!;
/'15':"' If·~"}) ,, I
. ·
-
. · · · ·
2. 'Passport; or · .. · · , \\V : \ ... CJo_~_'\!wirul-: 4,:5~: .. «s~dPP.Ortun~~for Erriploym~~t ..
3. Transportation discounf1:~fai:~ . !D iss~~ ·' ~b$':'.t'· -..:s,:.~-~b,.;d'isabiifd pers ·. n shall. be denied acce~s to
Natit?,n.al ,Coun~I for the :~elfar~gf· D!sff:j~,J~~~.'pp~~ities Jo~_ uitabl~ em,ploY;ment._ Qualified .
Persons (NCWDR) (f!..A: No~~77'fl~c!JJ1~Q</§~E~rr'\~~~,., lsap.ted empl~y~~s shall·be·~ubJect to the same..
S~c. 32, par.. 2). . . . \,,, · · ?,.,~ ·<:t .
· ~}..e.rms.~~ ~on~i~t~ns employment aptj. the ·
. · .· ·. ·• · "\,; '<"'·OA":'.:-~...,.=~=='=:,=,P_'.'\,¥.e.Q'pW"ensat1on,pnvlleges, ~enefits, frtnge,
~ights and.' P'rivilege~ ·of Ojsablea'~~o.nj in . 1\. f.t' J.\,:.\''b~n~!lf.S!°, i~cen~ives :or allc:iwam;:es ·qS· qualjfied
r~s~e'?t t~ Employme~!:-(~N.GES)· . . , ,,:;,,~~te·.:f>od1ed person (RA. No. 7~7.7as am.ende,~,
1, - Vocational ,Behab1hJat1on . .. . : . . . . . Sec. 5). · · ··
Consist~lit with the principie of ~qual oppo.rtunjty · . .
· .for disable.d workers :anc;:I workers in. gen13ral; fhi3 6. ~heJtered Empl9ym~~f .' . . . . .:
· State . shall · ·take 'the· appro"J:iriate . vocational · If' suitable·, emploY.m.ent ,fot ·. disabled . :persons
. rehab'flitation. measu'res thal .. stiall serv.e to . cannot .be fol,lild: thr~ugh. o·p~ti ~mpl~yn,~nt, the
develop '•the .skills 'and'"pQ,tentials ·pt 'dis.~bled. . . State shall. endeavor to prpvide it bY m~ans' of
.persoris.EI.Od ehable:lhem t9 com~te.favor~b_ly sheltered. employ'01ent .(R:A:: No.. 7277· as· .
.for ·,avi:j(lable. productive and .. remunerative. 6!: .
amer;,ded, Sec.
. eniploymeht. opporh.initi~s: in the' !abbr market ;.,
(R.'A.
..
No. ]2?7.'as
. .
amendec{ Se~; 9).. · . - · .
. .:. :. :
.'S-helter~d.Eri:lp!oyme-~t refers t~ th~'provi~ion of .
· · · .pro_ductive·wbrk tor. di~·abiec(persons .throu·gt:i,
2: Eligibility·f~r 8pprenticeshi.p . . . . W.qrkshop's· prbvidihg .· sp.~cial' facilities, incorrie-
Handicappecf. w9rker$ .2fre · ..eligible· · ·=tor . producing P!Oject~ or h9ma_wot!< schem'es with a
·.. e'niployment..-as apprentices or learn'e,:s if'their . . .. , ·view .of giving the~·the·opportlinity to. earn .a·
:handicap:is not such as to effectively impedtf the . . livir_i~ thus en.abl)ng:them' to acquire: a worl<jng'
.. Jjerformance. of job operations in the particular . capacity, requjre~ in o~n.:lhdusfry (R.~. No.·
· · trade or occupaUon; which i's the $ubjecf a(the . 727..7 as amen~ed, S{3c•.. 4(i)). · " ·
.~pprenticeship 9r fearne'iship program (LABO.R
COOE~ Art.· [}1). .
. '

32 I 26is SAN SEDA tAW, CENTRALIZED BA~ OPERATIONS

 LA.BOR STAN:D·AR:D·s·
SAN BEDA !AW CtNTRALiZED"l1AR
OPERATIONS.-.MEMORY·AJO201.9
e,21 see, see , w, woe· Hi¥¥¥4ieii
. .
. F · 'Acts of Dlscrlmlnation: (LQRe.~-Less~Non-FDEx) Not~: . No individual,. group,. or community shall
~i-· , 1 .. ,bimiting; · segregating or classi(ying a disabled execute any of these'acts of ridicule against persons'
l;;- . job applicant in such a manner. that adversely ' with disability in 'any time and place which- could
§Lt affects hiswork opportunities: · · · · intimidate or resuit ln lossof self-esteem of the. latter
"':· 2. Using gu_alifi<;;ationstandards, employment tests (R.A. No. 7-277as amended, Sec 40). ·. ·
or otherselectlon crlteriathat screen out or tend·
to screen out. a disabled person. unless such Vilification shall be defined as:
standards, tests or other. selection criteria are 1 . The utterance of ·slanderous· ahd abusive
'shown to be' job retated tor "the posltion on stafe~ents against a person. 'h'.it~. (li!;,ability;
·-queslion ... 'and are · 'conslsfent with·. business -and/or: · · · · ·
necessity; . · , · · :· · · 2, An activity ·in public . .wh.ich:- incites :hatred.
. 3. · Re-a~s1g·ning· or transfernrrq a disabled . towards, se'rjo"uscontempt for,-0r severe' ridicule
t.f:_. . ·employee to a job· or position he cannot perform
· ~; · · ·· by reason .of h1s disabillty; . · . .. · . • · . .
.' of_ persons._with diij~bilitY. (R.A.. No. 727,7·
. _·am(:!n<;:ied, Sec .. 41).. ' . ·
as.
-~ . · ~·. ·utili~i~g . .§.t_ancjards·. cnterla.. or · methods of
~- . · ·. admlnlstrajlon that: '. -; · . · · No_te: Any indiyi~ual, group, or comrnunity is hereby
tY< a. Have the effect' of discrimination· on the .prombited · from vilify(n.g. any person ·.with ·disability, .
1r·
&t. 0 b:--"_ basis of disability; or.
~erpetya!e'th~·dlscriminatibn of others ~ho
which could resutt into· loss: ot.selt-esteem of the
.. latter (RA No. 7-27713!S amended, Sec. 42).
f}:t; . · , : are·. _·su_bJeCt to co,:nmon . adrntnlstratlve.,-./.;·;'> . • . . ._
wr- · <:.o~trol; .• ·. · ·. . · · . · ~6,<}:( lncen~iv1:s for ~~ployers ·,
~;.. 5. Providing_ Les~ c~mpensatl_or.i, s~ch. as saJ~pi./=,tt.) ·1.: P_nva~~._entities ', that employ· ~~rson~ . with
r~ · . wag~ or other' forms of remuneration and ~nrig_e"·'H_,_,,, . dlsabilitles. INl':lO meet . the required ..skills : or
it·. . · · ben~fit~; t~· ~ .9~a!i!ied_ disabled employee~~pt;_:::~;;;!_.,,o/"'~S:ua_lifl~N~ris,.elther . as· re'gula_r .employee,
>f . . . reason o_f ~1s d1sab1h,tr, than the ai:11ount t~,l:\1~.1"11~.!i~s'.!PP.~~~~J~~ ·or le_~rner,. shall ~e .e,_:it1tle? to :an
~(.- .a· no~~dlS~bled_. perSO[l pe.rformin~:~~-•·.s~nieV fJ acld!tie~~~\.deductlo~ frpm _their gross inc._ome,
~"- - .werk 1s entitled; · ::,,,}-" /L..}1 eqwvalef.ifho25% of the total amount paid as
~- . 6: a.
Fa~o~ing. Nori~di~~blefJ.. em_pl~~~\ ov~r ., .ii?'\ · .:. . sal;,!rief~r,aw~ges~o Persomf°with Oi!;iabilities·.
k , . _-. qualf!ie?. .disa~le_d. ei:nplciye.e,~itJl\~~~:el·,t? . 1y ·· _i . ( .\ .. ,· ,· · . ··
( .... prom~t10~, tra1rnng o_PP<?rip>1lt1e.s·, sJaey->'an.~.... .\1 · Pro~;_a.~~ .h~w.f:!ver, t_ha~ such ennttes· pres~nt
~· sch?l.ars~1p:·~.:ants,. sole!f.~951· ac.c;:~Wf.lt"of, t.h~"""- f;;t. p~~~ ~s lt:_rt1~~db~ DC;>LE that E.erson~ with
t'" .:.la~~r'.s.d!sab1hty;. .' .. \sf '-""_,;if'.,i.;':j}i :\~· .:.{£,~ _ d1~r~t~~ff~·~I~®"°c!er the1r:_e.mploy._ ·. :· ·..
t;;· 7. · fa1lmg to SE;llect or ad,n1111s,t~r IIJ~85e,ffeatN.~1. 1~'{ .' · .. :"--'..;.-;?._~~~,._re . . .. · .
R:: ma.nn:er . empl~yment tests ~-wl)LeJ};-"a~~urately _ .· ltl.. 'Provided,.. further. that the dfsabled=.~ll'lPloyee
t:: . -r~flect the sk1!1~, a·ptitl!de er ot'fier,,,!a919~~lof ttfE!l · ~~;~ 1··: :is_ ac~~edJte<!".with·the-D~LE:~6d _DOH as)o. his
-~, disabled app)1cc1nt .or employee .t~~~i.!.i,1:1ch.J!:st .,..J,."rf:;;;J?:11:5ab1hty, sk1U~; and qualifications: : ·: . . .
f.'.- purports to_ mea$.Ure, rather than<;,tp.e -JmP,~~fr.~~,,:.:L...• . . . -..t!;t~~ . . . · · . . .. : . ' . . : . ..
r, . ·.sensory, manual e>r, spe_ak1ng s~1!Js of-~;1~.1:1ch · 2. . ~nvate· ·~n!il1es · that .i_rnprove. (?T · modify their .
\'i'::'~/1... ·:
c
? · · · . . applicant or employee; if.any; . ·
:,
8: . .'Qis~i~sng·. -or 'te"rrriinatir;ig<. fhe.. services~ o~ :_a·
disabled ·employee ·by rea~l'.m· _of his .dis.ability
·pJiysieal faqilities in order to provide· reasonable
. ~c~ommci9atiori. for persqns with. "dis~l:?iliti~s
~hall also be .entitled to an additional .dE)dU~tion
r· : vrifess the employer .can prov.ethat h~ impairs . from theirn~t taxable income, equivalent to 50°/o .
the-saf_isfadQ'ry·~rfonnance'pf the woi:k·involve . of. the direct. costs .of th~' l_mp,i-oyemer:,ts. or .
.to :_th~·, preju_di_ce of Jhe business .. entities;-· ·.. modifications (R:A.J\Jo-. 7?.,77 as.armmde.d,._Sec.· .
provided;_· l)o_we:v~r; . Th.~t the. employer ·first: . · BJ. '. . .
. , . S~\Jg~t provide· reas'O(lal:?le acce>mmo~atJolis 'fot . · .
.. . ·disabled·P.·E)rsons;~and. . .: · : . . .. · Othe_r P.rhtlleges~~nthnc~n.tivei:"': . ··. ,: .
_g;:. Excluding.disa.b.led p_erson·sfrom m~rnbership in 1. To ~ersoris Yi.lth-Di~ability: {20-C~Esf
: · l;::ibor .unions or. similar organizatiqn (R.A.. No. . ..a .. At. least .. twenty .'{20)!'/o·. discouAt.~o·r . the
· · 72n a.s a·mended,"Sec. 32).. · ' '. . . . . . · exclusiVe. us·e or:enjoyntent of persons With.
· . · ' · . ' . . . . · · disability from:· (HAD·Me2) . , . ' .
Prohibltlo~s · on Verbal · or. ~on-Verbal Ridicule . 1. .. !:!,olel · and . similpr··. lodging services, ·
a·nd Vilification agains(Persons·vvlth'Disabllity. restaµrants pnd recreation centers;-.. · ·
Pub.He"Ridicule shall be defined as an a.ct of rriaking ii. ~dmission fe'es frorri t),eater, Cinema •.
. fun"or contemptuous imitating or.mak1ng mockery.of .· concert halls and ·ot~er pl.ace of culture;
p'ersons wit~.. di~~bility. ~h,ether", in ~iti.ng;_ ·_or '•ir-i. : . lei~ure and ~musement; .
,.wcm:ls,or ;n Pelion dl..!1:1. fo theJr irripctirrrienvs· (R.A ·· · iii. .Qom~stic. air and .$ea.. traveJ.. public
No. 7277''as·amencled,
. . $e&4b)~... · · failways,_skyways and busfares; ·
·..

2019"SAN SEDA f..AW CENTRALIZEDBAR·QPERA TIONS I ,33

 t-s:e OS c;; &Ft-.:.:aawww..

LA·eo:R- ST AN o:ARDS.
SAN BED/1 LAWCENTRAllZED BAR OPERATIONS_- MEMORY AID 2019. . . · ·
#we . ei £SSS .. . aee Mt# OMdiSiiMi:W#Afrl4DF5fiti
1bMQ4))CIQIA;
QP9W51F!NI

Iv.. Purchase of.Medicines in all drugstores;

· v. Medical and dental.. services in all ·CQNDITI_Q-NS. OF
· · · government ·~aclllties, and·.. private
- hospitals and ··ine~ical_ facili~ies EMPLOYMENT
(Including professional:fees of:-doct9rs).
subject to DOH and. -PHILt"JEALTH ··iiTLE. ·,:. WC>RK'.JNG·. CONDi°TIONS AND REST
guidelines; . . . . ·. . . . . .. f>E~IODS .
b. · Continuance of. the SSS, GSIS:and PAG-
. IBIG beneflts.. · . . -' ·· BenEifit~ Grailted"fn Title.One, Bp~k Ill:··
c .. Educational assistance, -as well- as 1Reg3-WOlll"-CASS) ·. .
,-vocational.·or technical education, in pu~lic.. t. Right._to Regular wmking hours:
·-a·nd··private -schools througti .schbla~ships,. . ·.:z. Rfght to."REl°gular_working daysr
···grants, financlal 'aids and other Jricentiv~s·; ·3.... Rig hf to. Regulc1r meal periods;
·including ·· support: jor books, learning 4. .Right to. Weekly r.est periods:' :
'rnaterlal.and uniform allowance; ' 5.. Righdo.'overtime~work pa¥; .
. ·· d, Provision of .§xpress:1~nes jn.aucomrnerclat. ·6."-: Rigl:Jfto -~.ibht~shift·differential pay;·
.and governi:,;entestabllshments; in absence · 7. Right-to .Qor.riperisa~ion for hollday work; ·
· ·.thereo~. p~iority.sha~I be_giy~.n tothem; and· .: . ~- Right to.eiddltional compensation on scheduled
. e. .§pec!al dtscoui:,~ ·-1n_·.~pec1a.1 _pr9graT.~R-':2~-·"-,.":-°"l<>.:,::t_~stday, Sunday or spectal holiday work;·
purchase-of basic comm0d1t(es -~..P~Ct.1o.1LJ 9., ...-'Ri~l'it~o-§ervicelncentlvs leave; and, _

· :;{-<Qy~~. :~~~e~~~:·-. : ·. · · , · : · ·: .
on and DA guidelines (R:~Nr-:,. · 72~as.~ J.,10}.Ft}g~f(ffil\..a §hare i.n.. tl)fl c9l.le_cted _service
. emended, ~ec. ~2). · _. . 4

Note:. The. privile~~s m':'y -9f!.

~@f_J.me9i:,1f..1.he~ cbV.£~1SE.0.F..'~'(ORS.TANDARD~ ~W
. person With disab1t1ty clatl'T}f-~'9f'~r,)cfi~(o\Jnt -~~ "1[(:-.N:1183~!;).t'fp°@ h!Rurs ofwofk. . ·
maY. ·_be· granted . by thf).c.f_ .c_Q~rn~rci~1 · ,i~·Art. 84. Hq!Jr$·}:;'~t~ed· . . ·
establishment and/or". until~ oth:r; e~1st~~~~~~ ~
. orin combinatlon with f~~di·f~oul'"!~Prqg~a~
-~......M-,.
5. Me'~lt~r-i_o'tj_i,
.~;,.,,..frt.
. .: .
6. Nigfih:;.h!tt\cfjlfe_r~ntial : . ·. . .
.. (RA No. 7277 as ?metcle'dr:S.c•. ;32).~_ ~-:4} ~ ~,~·Art.. ? . overt1tnel-'or-k · · : .. · ..
· · · · · ,. ··. ' ·. ' P. ~ · · · · . . · · !,7_ 1 ~~ Artf~;a:..!,)nd~rti~ iot offset.by oyer:t1me ·
2: To· · .. Jndiv1~ual_s '. ?(~ .~9~ .. rien_t~Ir . . , ~If¥~
i:nerR.~.~.gYfi>verti.in~.
':fOtk_ . .. . .
· l!'stitutioF1s estabh.sh~•l'l~t't1pl#~s, ~~·~!f~$i ·
{p~!J; 111f9€Y. C~~p!'.Jta.t19,no~ additional compe~sat1on.
Commuliiti~s .or Retir~rnenf '(~lr~g~~bJf_lY..'ii.~~~~"" . R~h~ to :~rekly rest day . _-
;~tt t~e ne_e~~- ~~ ~~r~on_:·
a. -~ealtY· tax ,!:!ohcfay .f;;\~e first
~',?'fi...'{e~i6e_~fflthAi-t_
~~~r-j~1t..::~- 9!,~~Jl
i,.
... ·
1-pj~y~r rn~:y.r~Ulr~ WO~~ ~~ a_
Comeens_ation for.RE:st_day, Sunday or
. - operation; and . .• ·'\,. . · .l'.n,~~6Jjday;WCJi1'.: , . . ..
· . b. Prio~ity. in_- building_ ~nd/.or.,Yn,_~_1A!~f5~of-~~12 1 .. -~-~fo1tl3i~h~t<;> ~?l~ay· p~Y . . . . 1... .
. ·. . · ·. · .. prov1_nc1al or rnurnc1pal· Boad~~&l~J!:to lv_A
pi~~1:~53""Right!O·S~rv1pe 11:1centJve_leave ·
·· .. , . s'ald··~omes. (R,A. "fyo. 7.2!7. as·:ai!le~~Jlff:"96· .. Se"(ice._c_h~rges. . ,.
· Sec. 33): ·. · .. , .. ·. ·. -:. , . · : · ·
.. , ... ...... ·
·.:
. ARTICLE · ·.; · ·. 81: . ... . E:Li~IBILiTY · ·'FOR ·: .. ·· .....
· · APPRENTtcEsHiP.. · ·. . . , · . · .... ." ; L/ EMJiLOYER.~EMPL·ovEE ,.
.Handicappe(! .WorkE!!rS ·may·be_ hirecfas ·aP.f>rerJtices
or .learners if- th~ir habdicaJ? is· not ~uch as. t,o
. ,·R.E. .L. ATION$HIP.
. .. '.
.:
. . effEictively°imped_ethe performance O,f job Ol)erati?.nS
· in -the partfcu!~r. oGqupalions'for .which:.they are hired
· ... ,-(LA:BOR_(;ODE, Ait."81j. ··_ . ·_'. .· . . · . . ~m"pf~"yee is ~-nY. -~~~~ ~~o perfci~~- ~e~ic.es:for .
. . . . ·.· . . . an- erriplbyer )n. which:. either or _qpth . ~ental _.and .
: physJcal :efforts .. ar.e · usad . an~ who -receives
. ·... . .. !?Orn p.ensatfon '. ~or..., s_~ch ~~i:vi.~~-s•. wh~re. there 1s
empl_ciyer:-emp!oyee f13l1;1t1on_sh1p (R.A._. No., 8_28?,
· sec. -B(dJJ. .. ,.. , , ·. , ..
l;mpl~yee ind~del?,~ (DiCE) ..: ." . . '.
·1. One who;has be.en Disn;iissed rcC?.m.wor_k but the
·legality df the ~isinlssai is being cohtested in _a
forum of appropriate jurisdiction .(D.0. No. 40:·
03, M,arch15, 2003); ''· ·

34 I ·~019 SAN BEpA LAW,~6.NTRALIZ~D BAR OPERATIONS

 .:LAB.OR S.TAN.DARDS
. . . SAN BEDA I.AW CENTRf1.L/ZEDBAR OPERATIONS- MEMORY.Al() 20l?
lll+iNittfflDii& . &tj#AlfllMAMRf>itM;Jiff 2"!iWISffiiiii!2NY idllfffl·tU-idbt 1WfFt5ifi WiiiffiS®~
Jf,.1/";"';",• :,~

2. Any ·individual whose work has _g_eased as a extent of control the hirer exercises over a worker. ·
result of or In connection with an/current labor The greater the· supervlslon and control tha-hlrer
dispute or because. of any unfair labor practice if exercises. the more. likely the worker is deemed an
.tie· has not: obtained any · other subsiantially . .employse. The converse holds true as well-the less·
equivalent and regular employment, and control the hirer exercises, the rnore-liketythe worker
. 3. . Any . person In the . .!;.mploy· of · an employer is considered an Independent contractor {Sonze v-.
{LABO~ CODE, Art. J19(f)).
. . ~ , ,·
· ABS-CBN Broadcasting corp., G.R. No. 138051, ..
June 10,_2004)., . · ·
. the mere" facf that an enti~y. is .a labor union do~s not
mean that it.cannot be consldered.an employer of The control test merely calls for the existence of'tha ·
the persons whowork for it"(Bautista v-Jnci6ng, G.R . · right 'to controlthe manner of doinl;Hhe work:, not"
. No, L~52824/Marcll"16,·1988). . . . . . ·. the· actual exercise of the right (Zano'ft~ Shoes v_ ·
..". . .
NLRC, G.R. No. 10066~,--February,1-3_;· {995): . -
Even .an unregistered .assoctatlon may be deemetl.
ah employer (Orlan<;JO:FatmsG_rowets-Associaf(<;Jhv. Not every form of control will .have the effect of ·
. NLRC;. C:i.R
. .-. No. 129076,-
. November 28,
.: 1998).: · establishing the Er-Ee relationship. The line. should ·.
·.. bedrawn between: · · ' .
Typ~s'.of ~n,ployees'. u ~der th~ .Labor Code · .. . . ·1. Rules .that merely serve· as guidelipes "towards
1: ·Mar:iagerlal Employee js one who.is vested.with · . the achievement of mutually desired results
~t ~ powers 'or.preroqativesto lay·d_own·~n.d e?{ecute_.,,J'.) · . without ,dictating the means or methods.tc be
i>f{ · management poficies and/q"r' to· hire, transtej, . ,,.),f . employed in attaining it.: These aini. only . to
t:-
t,
. s~sl?eQ9, ·1~yoff, recall, 'discti"!rg·e... ·assigr(~~'.'..'./· ..\
'discipllne employees; . .- . · [. ,.._;.;·: ,,,d
· pro"n~qte t_h~ r~sl:iit. In such a case, -no Er-Ee
· relat1onsh1p ex1sts;.and ·· . ·
r:w ·.· 2. Sop_er.visory Employees i;ire -those who, in\tr~'. '. '_' '.'·-_;/ .~--Rules t_baJ control o.r fix·· the m~thodology. and
!nferest or the ~inployer, _effectively .reco~efer{g.. ·'(l;;;.:~~.:~1?!!}~;<;>r::r.~~trict tl;)e party hired to the.~se qf such
kV such r1;1anage~ial actions ·if t~e ex,e:~is,~:.:e(-su~h~ 1.1 · .. me_ans~'y~ese addre:5s b~th tHe result and th~
f:,_ auth_onty .ls- not ~erely rootmary/~1>'cJ,encal'!?:\:}: _mea~s·L~l~~-d t<;> achieve 1t and _hence, Er-Ee
t -~ature .but req_wres_ the use- -otr '!19~~endE:9~V j,\. relat10?1sh1p~,ex1sts.(Insurance _Life Assur~nce :

~
.- ·.
~- ·. Judgmen.t: c;1nd . . · . , _..,,(> ,~.i(?7 · .,
-~,- · ~ank-~od-~l_e_. _Emplo~~esj;,91.e'i>"a_n -e1~pt~~e9if~.
·not f~lhng w1~hin an¥· of ,tfl~..,abo1J~~efim~on.s-~
f~ . Co., l,fd·l "fVLRC, G.R. No. ~4484,. November .
1\:J'~ ·,. ;/ J~ S\ .
J~. .
15, 1j89)t
· ·.
· . .· ·
. . ..: . . .
. · .

ir . · .(L'Af30R COD~ !),Ft. 219 YeyJ- ~'

,,. : .. ~l~~-e~~-~f ~mplpy~r~E~p;oy~e;~~;~if~~itVJ;'.
1',k--~, ,: '<t.";'> , . ,: ,.:' Ecq~~lc-~

-1:ij
..~.P.M~~jl..ce or Economic _Reality Test
~7;~~~/:~~:~r;~~eh~q~~~~i~u::~~~~~~0:n:~~ ·.

.· .
~::. . F<>lJr~_Fold.. Test (SeP_a:OisCo):· _-. \.\ ./- : ")~ . . . . ··)!;.,_1.,,.,..tppt·line of__ bu<siness (Francisco y. 'NLRC, G.R_.·No:
1. -§.e_le<:_tion:_anct en_gagement of the ,t;r.l~toye~:.:...,,.-r,y·'·, •.,.;:::;Y'P~~?.:.~,;1.Y..Pusp1,.?oo6J: · ,. · , ·.·... .. : ,

!
2, Paymel'.)tof wa·ges; . · ·· · · 'f'l · -<"~,';';.,.--JJ!.t.\,t.!;_:-<-i·--·•-:--'"' : . . ,
~·:_ ·:·~·-· :_Pow.er of ~ismissal; and · · .. ,··\J ·. -f./'-,f" .. ·. . .·Two-tiered ApprQact): ... . ..
~ . 4._ .power-·.. to·-: · Control· . (Pacif.tc :QfJ'(i~t!~tants 1. ,'.The . putative· el'"!lployer's power to. control
t,.. : · !pter.nati9·n~I_Asia; -Inc,. v.. SchonfelcJ,/G.R.No.· . · . e_mploye~ w!th · resp_e·<;:t to·· -the.: 'means anq··
~:. -166920",'_February19,.20.071: ...:-· · methoqs. _by . , ~hich. · th.e .~ork )s · .to b"e· ,
~;· · ·· .. ·· accomplished;.and - · ..... · . · · ,· ...
t . -No.te: rb~~e ha~.b~~n no.-uoitor~ t~st to· deter.mine 2.; i:t-ie_ 1,Jndertying economic-realities of the.activity_ .
. the exist~nc;e of an employer...:Smployee relationship. :· or- relatio!')ship (Francisco. v. :NLRC,.... G:R:. No.
. The ~fQiJ(~folcl", test·. may_ ~e regarded· ?S · the .170087, Augµst 31; 2006).
traditionar or .convefltional:-tl;}sf-·of.:~h.e employment. ., . '· .
question. i3.ut .iJ n6t the sole'"test ·1J1ere IS tt,e need"" . Note·: The determinatio"n .of the relat\onshlp between .
·.to· consider the existing ·conditions· between .the .. ~niployet .. antj. emp!oyee .. qep_ends· upon· the
. parties,· .in· addition to tlie rig'ht-of7°Ccintrplelement ·circum~t~hces_ Of t~e _wh~I~ ·economic a~tivity, Sl!Ch
·"'· · :(S.et1illa-v:'CA,.G.~. Not L-!11182-3, April 1.p, .1-9_$.8}. as: .. , . . . , . ·.
1: . "The exterit .to· which the ..services·performed are·
C.~niiO'I T~~t · . . . · : . ari.. integral.part of the" erriploye_r·~ business; .
..Refe_rs to. fhe ~mploy.er's:power·to:-cor)trol. qr. right to-: ·. ·2. The· extent · of · the worker's. investment iri .
'· con{rol the employee not only as to. the result Qf the· ~qu.ipment and facilities; . . .. . . . .. ' . . .
. work to:"be· done- but .also .as to the me~ns and 3. . "Ttie nature· and . degree of c9ntrol exercised by
. met.hods by which the satne is: to· be a"ccomplfshed. "the employer; · ·
4. · .The work,er's·opportunity for profit and losi;· .
·. ;ti:." the
C~l)l~OI ·t~·$;..is. mo~.t"-- i~porta·~~- t~st our. 5. Th·e amount of. initiativ.e, . skill, judgment or
foresight required "tor the success of the daimed
co.urts a.pply i!" · ~istinguishir:ig· an: en:,ployee from .ari .
ir:idependent" ~·ntractor. -This test. is. bas"ed _on the independ~nt enterprise; · . · ·

2019 SAN SEDA LAW.CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS ~ 35

 LABOR . ST AN·DARDS
SAN B~OA tAW CENTRAlltED BAR OPEflATiONS. - MEMORY.AID. 2019
~1ii#!?Wi+A. i #Sidi EMCH JANI MW t SiiiWS ti

6. :The permanency and duration of the relationship 1~. Paki~o wor_kers (Za{J1udio v, NLRC; G.R. No.
betweeh the worker and the employer; and 76723, March 25, 19.90); anp.
7. The _degree of dependency of the worker upon 14. Truck drivers (Sy_. v, CA, -G.R. No. 142493,
· the employer for his co[ltinued employment in February 27, 2003)_. .
that line of business (Francisco·V: NLRC, C:;.R. ·
· ·No. 17Q087,Augu~t.3·1. 2006). · · · Cases where. thQf~ Is ···no· E:rriployer-Employ~e
Relatlonshlp: ·
1;:xi$t~nceof Errtployer-Empi,p:yee Relationship 1. .Farm workers are not empleyees of the· sugar
Existen·ce. of .employer-employee relati61.1ship· is central ·(Pondor; v. f,ILRC, .G.R. No. 116347,
. determiried,-by law, not by contr;;:ict. Hence, even if·. October3; 1996); ·
the..parties call.their contraet,a "Contract of Lease of· 2: Caddies . are not employees of the golf -club
'Service"; ."the fac:tual existence of. an Er~Ee ": (Manila Golf·& Country ·qtub -v. /AC; G.R. Ne. ·
· 'relatio'nship' will· -~ti!I prevail_:(1 AZUCENA, ·supra _at ·· _; 64948 Septerrtf;?er?7, 1-994); . · .
.· 198):· . . . 3. Qqll_ecting.age.ilts on 'comrnisslon basis (Singer
S~wing Machine _Company v, Drilon, ·-G:R. : No;
·E~idence of Employment ·. . : ·· · .91"307, Januf:!r.y.24.1991); .:: . ..
. · No particular form .of evidence is required to .prove · .4.. Shoeshin·e boys. (E:Jesa v.. Trejeno, G.F?,. No. i-
the existence of Er-Ee relationship.'Any competent . 72409,. December 29,.198f;); ~ ,, .
. and relevant ~vide_~ce "to prove the relationship m~~="="-==A..Jnd_eJ?enden!-:~ontrac;tors . sel)ing ~oft · drinks
· ~e admitted ,(1' AZUCENA, supra at 195). ~:r_,,.,,.~ l · T 1\, -~fi.nao" Fr<Jdmg Corp. v. ()pie,. G.R. N_o. L- ·
· ' · . . . '. · · · . . . /~; I~.. ·. '1-..)
Cas~s -.Where ·i:;mployer-Employe1:.-~Ja_t1C?.fl~}..P:"=·"...:..~.;_5{om_
J'\/3.f79ll}:"4ar~h.25, 1976);.. : · ·
pi1_§S~ salesman (_'A?a?te,Jr. v, t.emearid
: ..... · :

Exists_:· . . . . /,./' _ .\,../,#--·: · ""B~riflg·§i.\7F}~qsCorporation, G.R: No. ~!59.890,

1. Jeepney a rivers on ·boundaty. ba~~:J..vi11cJJ(Jaria~t=-,,J4t!Y~~tl@O,t . · ·. 1}:..-~ ·. .. ··
· · v. CA, G.R. No. 165881, fl./rJ.t}!\2,006')( )TI) <if ;/.;,~ R5t1 ree~,'f":-(1!-e'· ihdependent. · contractors.
2. Driversor helpers of·sale7_rnen:a.~¥.empJbyee.s.M -~\ J~ (Bel arte·l.'(_·{'::B~\G.R.No_. 1920~~· ·Septemb~r
the company (Alhambra/fndustr,iesv. <SIR, G.R. . , 14,. 011):'·a~p;, \\ .
No. L.~25984,.October 3(/,~fJJ;7-0j/; . ~--:-·--:-' S:-A:·.re~idencY,·9J)P-l>\~entphysician position in a
3. EfTlpl~yee~ ofunregist~~etfas,s?ciationKOdam~o7i ~:~t~medfcal . sp~ci;:ilt~1/, neyer · a .permanent one
_Farm Gr,owers..v. Nt.lR<J;,.y.S.'B-. No. \1290f6Xz~u,..~ ·(felf>< V.· B~~ns~~i'~G.R.. No. 109704, January
November 25, 1998); fi ~....i f c::].\ . ,.·. · '-, ...:-- .,· n,f-fDJ!p). J · 11 : ··· . ·
4. Streiet-liii'ed ·kaqj~d,or ¥,rp~q1~{mert· '\Piefe"'~·1·-~~~'.: j'l:_~l j;~~~p.- . . . . .. .
· · Wor~ers Union v, Lague~ma;-'G?f:?. Ni· 1 3~2~ ~"~p,s§.1:1.:'.~;o{ N~ri:ie iri fie Payroll .
. February 24; · 1998); . \\ : ·\ \.~G'. ~:-"". I: ~ffare'_21'ie. E,?'~~ r~l_ations~ip betw~_en ttle parties .
5~ Workers' .in movie 'projeit~·-'(MaP'~_guinb{JJIR~~~/w~f~ffic~ftly pr(!'ic'I· br te,stim~>nial !3Vidence, the .)
· _-Enero v. NLRC, G.R: No. 1~p969,-.1'a(1paf.;y~~i..~~c~;o.r.-1ime ~peet: trrne·record, o-r payroll has
. ., 1998); ' : · · , . ;r,::, ~~?i>e$9.!>'e. i'l,9Q~l)S§(Juential (Opu/encia Ice Plant: v.
6. Sal~r.ied·insurance agent as_'di~ti~gt11~~p-;f~:.-.-=·N_£Ry(~'1~!i<f\-9.836~; f?ecember 15, 1993).. .
· . reg1ste~ed ag~nts <:>n comm1ss1onb~~1~{f~reat-. i\ . f J,~Ote.},-}r~ · presenc~ Or'. _ a~sence, _-Gf 1;:r-Ee
· .Pacific [ife Asi;uranc_eCorp. v. .Judico~f3..· ..,7;10,, '.lVJi._1._~~ijs1i:(s'nip. is, no{_ d~.t~~miried by' the bas"is of
73[JB7,December.21, 1989); . .., .· .. · · . · · · ~~_=employ~e's--compensatrpri(1 AZUCENA, supra at•
7 .. J"ailor~,' .. ·.seamstresses;.. ·servers, ·b!:ISters, 1913).. ·,. . .. . . . . ,. .
.· plantsadoras paid. 'On · pi·ece-rate basis (Mt1kati
Habeldasher:y·v. NLRC, ·G.R. Nos: ·833~0-$:j;.
Noveinbf)r 15,.1'~89);. · . .. .. . . .· .
8. · In-house .. lawyer .as. distinguished from_ an ARTlct:.E ·s2: cove RAGE·. ·
outside:retainer.(/:"lydro·Resources· Cqntractors .· ~en~ral Role: °Title. I, ·Book· Ill of the ··L:al;:>or Co.de-~.
f;orp:: v. Pagali/auan, 'G.F~. :No. "6~909, April 18; · · dealing· wit~ ·ho4rs· of w~rk, weekly· resf. periods·., .
: 1[)89),· . . . . : holid·ays, ·servjce: iril~~ritive . leaves <and service
9,. Resident physici;ms (!RR of the LABOR CODE, · c~-~rge~; · cov~rs ·all . · .etnploye~s·.. ·.. in . AL(
. , BQok- 1/J, Rule X; Sec, 15); · · · · · · establishments,
. . . . whether .for' profit or not.
.
. ·. 10,. _Univer_sity· professors and. instrti_ctqrs (FEU v..
. QIR,'G.R: No. L-:17820, August 31·, 1962); .· . Exceptions~ {GoM;i-OoR~FiFa).
11. 'Taxi driver, . barper·· (Citizens. League. ·of Free 1-. Gove.rnmen~employees; . · .. . . · . · · · , .
'. · Workers :v .. Abbas, G.R.. No.. L-21212, . 2:. Managerial .em.ployees inc;dud.ing' memb~~ of.
September 23, 1966):. . : · . . . · .. , .. the managerial stc;1ff; . · .. · _. , .· · . ·. - ··
12. Security· guards w_ith respect' to the. security . · 3, Dome~tic li¢1pers c:ir :persons in the personal
agency ('Agro CommercialS.ervic_esAgency;Inc. . ·. service of another; .
v. NLRC, G.R: No .. 82823-24, July 31; 1989); 4: · Workers
. .
paid·by,Besult;
·. . .

· :36 I 2019 SAN SEDA _LIAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIC>NS

f
u
1111 ll:lm!i 1111mu 1rm:a:ilm!llllmo·m1n,m:taasm221me -==":':~
,LA . B. O·R. STAN·DARDS ·
SAN BE.DA. LAW CENTRALIZED BAf! OPclllt.TIONS:. MEMORY AiD 2019

5. Field personnel;.and . collective bargaining) ·

6. Members of the Fani(ly of the employer.who are ..
(National Sugar
dependent. on him for' support (LABOR <:;ODE/ . Refineries . Corp.' v.
Art. '82).
NLRC, . G.R. No.
G.overnment'Employees 101761, .Msrcn 24,
'1993) .:
Refer· to employees Cif 1;1ove.rnment . ·agencies;
instrumentalities, or: political subdlvlslcns and· of ~5'~:.1\'i~'l!,~'i,J;i$~ii:);'.• 11r'i1~'
i~1'.~~~AJ.i!~Jf.~::1~~i~~~~lfj
government' corporations thal are not incorporated .
. under the Corporatlon Code, (i.e., ,.those which have . One whose primary duty One'who· is. vested wlthl'
· . original charters). 1he terms and conditions of thetr. · consists ... · of -, the· powers" or. prerogatives
· . employment are _governed. l;ly Civil· Service Law, . mariaqernent of t.f1e to lay down arid execute
rulesarid regulati9ns (1 A_ZU<;;ENA, s'Upra ai 217).. · .est1:1blishniE:nt in.· which management · · pollcles
they ar.e· em.ployed pr .of andzor to 'hire,: transfer,
Managerial !:inploye.~s . a ... ··department··. Or ·SUSP.end, lc;!Y,-Off, recall,
Alter egqs of their employerswho·meet the.tallowing subdivision· thereof .and dlscharqe, 'asslqn · or
c6'nditions~: . · · .. . ·.. . . · . ·. · ·- to other members of the· di$cipline -.employees·
1. Jheir primary d4ty consists of the manaqernent · rnanaqerlal staff · .. , · (LABO.R cobs.x« 2.12
of the establlshrnent.ln which tl}e:y are employed (LABOR COQE, Art. 82). {m)). .. ·· ·
or of 1:1· department or subdlvlslort thereof; . ~ .•~..,~·.. . , -~6,·'·'tf{ .,~,, . ,~"~, ..,,. . : .
~·,M~· .
-2: · They customarily and r.egutarl¥ dir~ct the worl<,,8f.r)i( ·.., :·.. \-:r;~ '. : .. •. !>, ... J~,, _:Jjtk, ~.~°1 - .:~·~1 .
. two. or more employees therein; and· 1•. :,·h::!'{ s ·· · · d ·d s· · • ' ·
3, ·. They have. the authority to hire or· fire ojnet'(;-':':\'.rt upervisors are ~.eme .uperv1sors.'. are ..not
employees of lower rank; 'or their·sµggesti?f1~ ;· :·'"A ·!'Tlerhb.e~ 0
t~e ! . membec~.. ?~ . _ the
· and recommendation_s as to .the hi~i.ng and Jci'ci~,, r, ':,:J~~
?a~~gen~l7Y .staff. rr:ian~genal staff
~n.d as to. the promotion ·<;>r any other ,S;~;;ige of•/J J.~!.!}{f,f/03....:-;~ · Sugar (Natrof!~I . Sugar
· · status of other employees .are give~particular..r.. ·11(."""· i · ~efinenes . r C9,:p, V: R.efinenes Corp. · "'.-
o.i
_.wei~hf (IRR LABOR :toDE, B~~~jfl,/~ul.e _t;::!f/ 75~~1. ·. fi~~h. ~~: 7fif/ff
1.. t~ih ~~: -
, _. ~ec}~b)). · : .. ·. -... . . _;;;;l,J?:Jf;~f?':. ·.- _·.114 1993)... f· H_..\ . · ... · 1g93).. . . · . . j.
.~.ote:.T.he thr~e types of inan~~enal er:npt-c6y"e~·ar~~ .f\i ·' ,.. ·.·~ ,, . · · · ·
· 1:ls. 'foll?ws: '(1 )· First-line · tn:~~'!i9,~:)~'f~.P,. c~l!e.d.·. ·11::,., Elen,.~r~·;:tol~~ ..~e.~psid.ered a. Member of t.be
·supervisor: direct operating emplo~e.e~~QQ}Y ~riq,~. , f';j . Managgr~a,i,~\~:f!?JJ?er-C~l;ED) . .
not .supervise other. managers;.(2\M1.cfdJl\{..!J??,tna.ger-s'- t';; · 1 .. Thar<-h1s-pnmary. duty consists of · the__
·. dir.ect the . activities. of .otl"!er. {Teiriag·e:r~ ;.ada: . [l11. · Perfbrma.nce of work direcUy relat.ed· to ·
sor,etimes alscd~·ose of op·e_ratini;te~pt~ies;(3) · J~;~l';_., ,·.m~nc:1gement polici~s; . - ·. . '. . - .
. Top.:.mahagers. 1s. resppn.s1ble for;Jfle'·.OVJ.Wl!~l,a_J:r···•T:,~}~h~ .~.usto~anly· and re~~larly. exE:rcrses
. · .:· man.~gement o( the organization an9J~.sta~.l~~~e"s - · . ~1scr~t1on ar;id .1no~pendent .Jlidgment 1n the.,
· · operating. policies. and guides·. tbe . or.gc1niza;tion's. 'perforf!l_ance of his functions; ·. . . ··
"inter.actions·"Yith,its l;lnvir.c:>rfrnent {Unit{Jd'f>;fpsi'!Co/a .: ~-- Tt:iat 'he Regularly ~n<;I' directly, assists in the
v, L:ag'!esma;-~-R. No.. '122.2.26, M,arch 25, 19!:)~)- . ·. . .. ·. · .· . mt;tnagement of. the.~stab,list,men~; . . .
. . · , : · ·. · . - · ·.. · · ,: .. · . ·. 4. l'hat,h~ gxecute·s, ynder general supervision,
Managerial empl6yees .are not' covered by t!'lis Title : · · · · · · work · 'al0ng·. -specialized. or , technic,al' lines .
be~us13 they :s1re. employed by. rE!a~on of their . ' . l'equiri0g special tr?ining';. experience or'
spe9ial. ·. training;· experlence, ·'or ·.. knowledg·e.. ·knov,.,le.dg'e; . . · . · ··. . .: · · ··,·
. Therefore, the:: ·iia.lue · of their Work .. ca.r:mot b~ · .. · s.' ·That he: .!;xetutes, un9er. g~h.eral supervi~ien,
.measured.in-terins'of hour:s (DUKA, supra.. at 115)- . . .. ·. ·special assignment;,;'and tasks; and .
· ·. · · · · · ' ; ·.· .' · ; . ·. ' .._ · · . 6. That·he Does.not.devote·inore th~n- 20% of his
M:~agerial ~mP,loye.e.under.'·. ' .. ·.' I time tQ work" qther-.than' those des~rjj;)e~ ·above
.... Ar( {!2,v. Art.21'.9(in). · ·. · (IRR·o; LABOR. COl)E, Bo.ok ·111,." Rule I, Sec:
. .'· : . . . . : ,2(q)): . ·.. ·. . . . _'.:. . ...
•, ..
Note:. An ·employe~ whose ,job i.s to supe1:1Jise the .
. laborer.s i!l the. eor:istruction proj!39t fall~ squarely·
. under the · category· of. "officers.. or· memhers of a ·.
managerial st~ff''.·and is exempted from p'aymenl' of ..
'Used o·n1y. for pu:rposes L!sed Ol)IY for pu'rp,o~e& ,overtime pay, premium· pay .for ·holidays. and rest
of B_qok Ill (i.e. working of. :ao.ok v. (i ..e:Jorming days aod..servfce incen~ive. le'ave pay (S.alazar·v:
conditions; rest periods;: and . joining. . unions, NlR.C, G..R. No. '109210,(April17;.1996).
entitlementtq benefits) · certif(catio.n elections,

2019.SAN
.
BEDA LAW .CENTRALIZEP BAR OP!=RATIONS 1. 37
 •• um .

LABOR. S.TAN DARD·S

SAN BEDA LAWCENTRAllZf:D BAR OP£RATIONS - MEMORY A/0'2019'
WA &C!i.ZMIIWiiA mew'"*'* w&ss1•ae Pi REPMM& . &&Sb

.Domestl~·Help~rs/ Persons Renderjng Pers.ona) considered field .personn.e.1 · (Auto})µ~ 'Transport .

Services . ·· Systems. Inc. v. Bautista, G.R.'No: 156367, fyfay 16,
'fhey are. those-who: . . . . . 2005). . .
1. .Perform 'Ser'vlces in the ernployer'\5 home which. :
are usually riecessary··and desirable for ttie Members of the Family of the Employer
m aintenarice or. en)oyment thereof; :or Tt-iey, ~re not -covered . by this· Title because .the
2. Minis.ter io. the personal comfort, convenience or · amounts given by tt:ie employer 'by w'ay of soppo:rt
safety of the emplqyer, ·as well as tt,·e. memberi, may. far exceed the penefits fo whicti<the employee
bf 'the· e'rnj:>loyer'(:l tfousehold ··(/RR of LABOR.· is entitled under-the prov.isioris of li:lW'(1 AZUCENA,
G,Op~ .8091< Ill, Rule 1/~~c-: 2{d)).. ··. · . · : . stipta at 224), ·

· Not cc;iverEid by this title becaus.e the ·.terms and·

: . conditions of emp.19-yment. are. gqverned· by the'
· pr.ovisious.of R.A. N6 .. ·10361: (otherwise· known
. a_s Bci!.tf!~ ~asambahay)... · . . . . . . ·

. Workers Paid b; R.es~lt:

.· . ·. J . iI=o·uiis :oF woRi ·
·. :ARTICLE 83:);,,0R:MA.LHOURSOF WORK .•
. ft\l;ly are: those whose work ls not measured .in The normal hours.of-work of anemployeeshall not.
accordance.with the time they spent to complete the. exceed :eight (8) hours a. day. · · . .
wci_r_k._,Jhe tlrne .element, in f~~t, is not-a _gi,s1tefii'\f~-,,,,~~·. · . · :
consideratlori. Such work is measured ejth'er: ~~ !l J
REf~·sops~.,,_ · s . • . • •
1: _'13y pfece; .or. ,. · . . . .· ,/~ -(~~ -'"'~--...:!::..)J T,p s~fe,~Jt:t~rd
· the health an~ welfare -~f the
2: By task (1 AZU9ENA, supra al'A5)~,j~ .,~-= · -~.,bo~r:'a.'l~~ : . . ·... ..
. ., · . /.'-f7'4,
'v/:;-:fr'. =.,,..
.,.....,..._~.:.=..J~-'rtl.t~![tllf~·,.l~~~m~Loyment by ut1hzrng different
Note:_ Workers ..paid by. resuJJs...~~o.~1in,e~d.. ~'.it,. ·
·sh1~s"'(Mar'!€t.Jfe{mm'al Co., Inc. v. CIR, G.R. No.
performance .are.supery1sedJ5{",.\tJ,'?Pmf>tpYer ~If) J~· l{
L:4l4$~[i{y,'}1·~··'-~.52) .. · . ... :· · : . ,:
entitled· to· the. ~enefits of .Jiµe .09,e. E;'lq,o~· I.II
AZUCEN~, SuP_ra at 3~6) .. · ff J>~_;);'""?·r,_ : ~---=-h
.U..1, · ••

(For:th~ full .disr;;us,s_iqri; ,ie(ejt~7_f'1_'~iscufs1on·Sfiftt?,;:i;

·i .
\ti!;;'"'.. \\ ·.' · ·. . ·
i W._o\~!;Ja)'1f-~aler,i~ar. l?ay.
_
.

. ! .. . :
Field Personnel . . ·. ... r l o\ .,J~\"-" ;, : . Ik._A~().,,,~~g
A;lcl~ 1.01. paymen.t b-: ~~e.le·~nder ~GE~~~..'._:.:3.

Non-agricliltu_r:al_em{)lpyees: '\ U. . · ... <..)~\;~

Im
, ,gl1
:2l Jk-:~'1r ..

®JlJ}",e~
t_r;p_m__
~P!lfYji,~
,! c .
U),
A · · 24-.hom .. pe~i'od.
com~en9!ng .. ·. at. . ~ 2 .
~i~rnght an_d.. end)ng .at_
1. Whe regularly: perform tr\eir,-quJ\s a /f~~ I ,,,. ~E}_f;l}'J~fsta;,t~ to w~Jk 11,5.9 Pf\ltlt,1s poss1ble,for
. the' principal place of bus~ss or t?{anc §lffi~~.J.,/,,, -~~.£)~~less 7,,f!'f whew~r a.n-~mpfoy~.eto ~or~ f?r,2
,. of the ~mployer; ,;md , '- . ~~-. ·; <,;,S~-:- ftl~ wo~w,is brok~fi- or cale~dar days (~,~·, .If X s.
2. W~ose .ilctµalJi~urs' of.work i~the ~~~C@.~0~@J»~~~1<1ou~!~ay_~o~ worl< schedule 1s from 10
be determined with reasonable ~er:ta1~tyj(JR8'hfe:.."""".,=.co,nc~{ ·\, :.,,Y}!1tfi' a P.~ of Monda~ up to 6. AM
ihe LABOR CODE Book ·m ·ku)e.JVN,'Se&:,f(e)). -1..._ II cal~cl,l)!i·daf . , of Tuesday, his work day,:
; . · ·. ·.,. > .· :. . .· ' · ~~.
Rule m Case o[F.1shermen . . ·.
JVfi.:
= · .
-~~Jr~--
""':..,..,
.,.
·. ·
. .~over~2:c.alen~ar~ays).
. · · : .
··F-1sh...~rmen:.. ·.are'···..no
1t ..·fi"ld ··
1e personne· .. · ·, ., .· altho
...... ug h.th
. ey · ·· · . (IRRofLa.borC<X/e,Bookl/J,Rule.l-A,Sec
. · , · . ·: .. 5)..
perform.n9n~.;igric.uit1.1ralV,'.brk
.. . . . • . . ..• aw~Y:from
. . . petitjoner's
. , . w·
p.<:\ rt ..Ti1m~:
· · .. ot I< , . ' .· . . . .
business· offices;- the.Jacr remains .that.throughmit ·. Tbe ~ight-':Hovr Lab.or J.,,3w:preseriqes the.maximum
the duratlori of ttieir wotk they' are under th'e'effective btil IJOl the rriinimu·rn.Therefor~. pa'rt~time·work, or. a, .
control ·and. supervision. ·of':employe'r:. However, · dats work 'Of less ·than efght (8}° hours is···na.f ·
under the 'philippihe···Pis.heries·.co~e-'of.1998,. prohibited(1AZUCENA,stjpra'at.5wr: '.:: ..
.fishermen are· cbn~idered·fie!d· personnel (Mercidar
FishiQ.g Corp. v; NLRC, G.R. Nq. 1'12574; October{J, ·. Note:. 'fhe EightsH01,1r Lat?6r J.aw has ri6 application
19f).8)': . ·. : . . . . .. · · · ·. . ·. .. : . · . 'ta, th"e :outside service fore~-or field sales persqnnel
'• and 'they a're noi entitled tc(dvertime compensation
:Rule.ir1~ase ~fDriv~~slB.~s ~<mduct.~rs .. · ... . since ..their employeJ h;:i&. no·· Way' of knowiri'g· the
. · It is of juclicial. notfo!3 that along -the ·:rcmtes that are ·number'of- hourr(tf:i.e 91JlP.k>yee works p~r ,qay (San
p)ied .- ..by bl,ls .companies, . there· are . inspectms · · ·.;. Miguel Brewery v. Oem9r;ratic. Labor 'Union, G.R, ··
assigned in . strategic'' place~ •. m~ni:fatoty once-a- ·N~.;L-1£}~5_3, Ju/y·31, 19§3}:. · . . .
week car barn or shop day, driverslconductors'.must
be at. specific :pla'ce 'at . sp~cified time,. as they . ·. C9mpressed Work Week (CWW) . ·
. generally observe prompt departure anq _ai:rival fr.orn · CWW .is an· alternat\ve arrangement . whereby thE;'l
their point·of origin to their point of destin~ti6n;They . ·riorrnal workweek.i$, r¢duced to less than six ((;i) days .
are; tberefore, under constant-su'pervisi.oriwhil.e -in .bu( the t_ot~i: number ·of nor.fTlal hours per week .
the performance of ·this WOrk and hence :canl).Ot be

38 f· 201S SAN SEDA L:AWCENTRALIZED BARQ~ERATIONS:

 . .
LABOR.STANDARDS
SI\N BEDA L/IW.CENTl{ALiZ£D BAR OPE~·TIONS- MEMORY AID' ;zo19
. . . ·. . ~

·:, remains at 48 . hours. The normal workday is ·1. .§.roken-t1rrie sch.edule where the work sched~le
f( · incre!<lsed to' more than eight (8) . hours without is not continuous but the number of work hours
corresponding overtirrie premium. This applies as
:,;,,..:.-.:_r·'.. wiui.irfthe day or week is·nolreduced; . .. .
., - well ·to 40 or 44-hbur workweek firms (D.A. No. G2- · 2. , forc~d leave where the employees are. required
iL · 04). · ' · · 'to goon leave for severai days of weeks, utilizing
..• . . theirleave credtts-It thete are any; . .
i(·.. Thi~· .scheme . is resorted to by the employer. to 3. .'_Elexi-holiday schedule where the employees
1·; · prevent. serious, loss~_s due -~q _causes ·_beyond h!s agree to avail themselves of tlie .holidays at
.£i· · control, SUCh ·.as ~hen there IS substantial slump In : some- Other days, provided that · there is . no·
-~:,:., · demand to~_ his ·goods or services or when. there ls · · · . diminution of.existing beneflts.asa result of such
:f;f·· ·rack of-raw materials. To_.pe an exception to ti.le ·..a- -arrangernent; . · . ·
·?;-:. hour a day" requirement,' theworkers must agre.e to · 4. Bedu~ion .. ·of workdays where . the. -normal
~.'. the temporary change ofworkscheduleand they do ·lfv'.orkdays per ·w'eek"are. reduced bUJ ~hou°ld'-rfbt·
j_?..' no_t_sUffer.any.loss of overtime' pay; fringe''ben~fits or liist for morethan 6' rnonthsiand .
. .•.. (heir ·weekly or monthly. take-home. pay (DO[~ 5 .. Botat,~m of Wer~ers wbere the employees are
.,,
~-·~;·· .Explana_toryB_µfJeiin,
. . .. .. J_u. ·.ir. ~3,. ,1~85)
. .. . · · :. . . . . , . .: · rotated-·.oralt · er·n.ar·1v·:e1y· prov1"d.ed w.or k. w1ithim the .
~ workweek; . . . . . r • . •

~- ... ·Cohclitions of a.Valid'CWW.Sch~11Je: (SCN). 6.. ·~ornpress~dworkw.eek. ·

{}if . 1. ·.it is . _expre~~ly ,an'c,1: voh)ntai'i[Y: §upported by., . . .·. . . , . .. .
~~'., · ·· majoritY:pftr,_e}~mplqye_esaff~y.te~; :. · · .· ,;,...... _F.l~xible Work Schedule ls the right granted· to a. . ..
~· 2: ·
r·, I( wprk is h~p.rd1;ms1 a ~ert1f1cation 1s nee_deci<··~r\) . sqlo parent employee to vary his/her arrival -and·
·.·.f~o~:'.~n. c\qcred_ited _safety, organiz<:1tion or;tfift1/ . .') pepc1rtu.re·time without a.ffectiog'the..c;or.e· work hour;i
·_firi:i;i:s ._.i;;ar~~-comtni~~-e ,thclt "."otk b~yon1W:~;~ . :·;.): as. <;fefiiled by· the. employer (R.A.· No. .8972,. Sec.
,
I,·.·
..~~ur~1s.w1f~111.the lltn,1!s o~ le"'.els.b~.ex~osur~s~J r;.; .!-~~J 3~)- . ·. . ... . . . .. . . . : · .
,i · · by DOLE'.s. occupational. ·safety . and hea1tJ\fr ',~-1~ .~:~: · · .<::) ·. . · ._. . .: i
~i·
rl.. staMards; and · ..
-3. .~he DOLE. is.qµly ~otified.(D.A._:/ll.P!f{il004).:
·. .c,r:;(~ v\:.l f n~el
~~Jt i !~li,!~~O(~ ~h1ft ~Ith Oyert,.me.•.
A 1?-J:i~ur WM·•. shift 1s:.va)1datf:!d·.by consei:it. and its
.
11t: . : . .. .. '- : . · . . . \.,f. 4 . .''ci-··';;.:,,·A - · 4,.hour-..:ov; 1irle · pay b~comes· a . contra.ctual
lt:
t1:
E!fe~:
A 9~yv·scherr:i.e wh1ch.::cf?.m.~l.1~~JV;t,!fi~t~~~g'?1rig.,
;r
of (?WW ~c~e.rnE:· ·. . .. . . : ) {:~>r'<_J,-,/: /. . ~\ ~!)f11rtl itmEJ.\lit~.
~4.1 · e~f.e :~·¥,Cott of .·th~ 4--llour.. ?_ve.rtlme.
beco~es/an Lleg~I str11<e ·(lnterp/Jil.Lab.-Emp!Qye_es...
11

I;
.. conditions s~all_na~e the fo!l9Y,IJP@'effei;:!_s_:i : .: --~ · ~-~ 'Union . if lnturphli Lab, ·.Inc., G.R: ..No .. 142824, .
;. · .1 .. 'Work t'l~yond·S·h?u_rs will1;.~~t?,!=;.}~P~P,~ns~le. i.:i.l
Decerv,.J?..er-:1,~J~49f)J:)p ·.. . . ·.: . _· · : '
.~·
~~ <
... · · by o~ertime J?Tem1um pro~1~ed tti~,~~tnun:~,,~:.
.of ~_?~fS. worked p~r day st-1,fl.!.!Jl'~!{,~~~\'!~d'·1~, "'.:'~ B,rok?n.. Hour;s~
1-~~. , "-('!r::,,.~.·~~•.i"':~f'Y··
. .'
, ... ·
. : . .
· -· 1 ..·

~!;. · · hours. .· ·. . ·. · . . . ~"~- -.;,\ . f , . t~f.

The ·nolJlial eight working hours mand.~ted by.lc!W do
t:;·· .. : -~ceptlon:· ':"h~re there-· is a.'nirre. ~otabl~_ J~J.W!,g~~ayir.,riean·~ntin~o:us 'and:,_unintern;iP.t~d. 8
[,.. · . · ·pri:'ct1c~.~~1st1rig m the firm;· .. _;->-< ·, ,!,~~--:=:::..::.:.~~.,;,lil?i.Jrs,.r0{4-;,Y!prk.-.As_ m_ay. bE:l · r~qu11:.ed by peculiar.
( ( 2. ,- ~niploy~es un~er a.' _c;:,wvy. schem~?ar~e~~wed · ·'. 01~cum,s ances of emplo~eot, 1t n.iay .'!'~an brokeff
W . .. to. me'al· p~~!Qds '9!.. not. less·_than\~8~JN'l,ltes; _ h9!;1f~ ?f .say; fpt.lf ·hour~ _in. t~~ mornmg. an.d _four:··
& .. · :' c;onsistent wlth:Art. 86'.of tbe laqor 90:ct~i"-"and· · hburs ·in the. ey(:lnmg or vanat1011 ~there_pf,:provided .
~}- . . a.·. Adoption of:the'CWW ·S<;:herrie shall. in'·i,p .case . the·tofal ·of 8 hours.is aqcomplished. within ·the wo~k
k ·' . ,··resi:Jlfin diminution·af.existlng·benefrts (oj,,;,No, i;Jay"(1 CHAN;,st.ipra·at'10'6).· .... · ·. · .. '
[ . ~- oi-o4;: _ · ·.. ·. ··.-. · : ' .. . · st~·
99erJct_·yv,qr1t1_rfgT!~~ is·~ ·{a!if s~eme ·w~i.ch ·
I': . Reversion to eight:hour workday · .. ·.... · . . may J:>e r~sorted to qy employers:·As .,;t in~tter of
"' ·Reversion -to the ··normal. 8-hoor wo.rkday ·t,:qm ~ < :·._ . · pfeceae'rice', Memorar;icJarri. C)rcular· No.· 81 ·v.ias .
GWW. :~rra~ifem~i:itl:,hall 'no.t consti'tute f'i Elirninution . . issued t>y. the Qff)c13 of .the. Pr~sident,tjri'oecember.
of benefijs:.. The·-·r~~e'r:sion shall be cqrisid.~r:~d'.a. · · · , 14; 2004·wt1it:h implemented th¢ Staggered W<:>rking.
, · 1egitim~t!=!'::·..exerci$e · of: nianager:i:ient pi:erogativ~;. . Time in. th~ ~~~cutive_ Dep~rtrnent in fel~ti.ori t~:>'-the_..
f~ · · proyitled.that "the .em_ployer ~hal! give th~ employees . <:>th~r.brar;iches.of g<:>v~rnm~n~·and .the pr'l,vate seytor.
'< • PM(noti9e. of suer' r~versiqn within ,';J reas,or:iabl~ .. in_·.M.etr~·..M~n~lcl. during the C~ristmas. _se~ifon~:fi?rJl
,._ · period of-time (001£-D.A N9: 02-04). ·o~ce1T1pef. 15,.2904 t.o Janua1y_6, 2005, Ac~ordmg.
·· · · · · to.this issuance, St~ggered.,working time·ls lll.f:!antlo.
.. "Fle~ible'w~·rk Arrangerr,ents. . . improve the· deliv~ry of godds. and ~ervjces (CHAN,.
In. "'o"epa.rtmeni'-Advisory No.· ·-2-09; a.doption· of supra at 107). · ·, · · · ·
fl~~i!)le-'v.Jo'rk ~rrarigements (FWA)"is .con~id~r.ed· as_ . . _.. . ... ·. - , _ · . . . . .
.. a better .alte'rnatiVe th~n 1he.oUtrJ9ht termination· of . Normal Ho_urS of.Work Qf·He31th rer~<;>nnel .
the services of- employees or th~ ··~Josure· Pf the For health·-person,nel in cities and iTiuhicfp·alitie,s.with
·' .:establishment. Th~. effectivity.and Jmp)ementatiol'.) of· a population· of at lf;!ast 6nt!! million (1,000,000) or in
· -FWA stiau·l:ie tempora_ry. The FWAs inc_lude: (BFF- hospitals and·cllniqs witti a bed d1pacity of at least
-. ~RC.)_ = . ··. · . · · ' . _· . . · . . · one hundred (100):· · ·

2019 SAN SEDA .LAW CENTRALIZED BAR _OPERATIOhlS 39·

 -LABOR STANDARDS
™"JMM·IWI ,--.
.

·Ge·neral rule: Regular· office h_ours sh~II be B:hours

. . .

·.,
. .

., .,.
-SAfl BEDA LAW CENTRAUZ.E_DBAR CiPEFIATIONS- MEMORYAID.2019
.. . .
. +:aN--ie&WiiW

a~ ho_u.rs wo.rked· if the work is with the

SNlihw+tfflY

a day for 5 <lays~a week, .or 40 hours a "week, -knowledge ·of his employer or immediate
exclusive of tim_e for mea'ls. . · ·supervisor. .
· 4.'. The time :c:Juring ·which an employee is·.inactive
Exception:· In case of exigencies, -they° may work for ·, t:,y reason of interruptions in· his·watk beyorid hjs
6. days. or:. for 48. hours, but.th\:lY shall .be :entitied to . control shall be considered time worked.either if
an additicinal·conipensatiori<of'at le;3s(30% of their the imminence of. fhe re~_umption of work .
regular.wage for war~ performed on. the' sixth d~y- . requires the·.employee's p_resen~e at the place
.. (LABOR C,bDE, Art. 83) .. · . . · · 6f.wcirk or·if the ·interval is too brief to be utilized
. . effectively and g'ainfuily: i'n the employee's 'owri
Note: Ther~-- i~ ~othing· in the law which supports the · :, : inter.est ((RR_ 9f _thf} LAl?,OR CODE •. Book_ Ill,
contention that personneltrr hospltalsandclinics ·are . ·. Rule I,. Seo: 4). · '
entitled to a full weekly wage for seven days if they
have completed the 40-houri five-day .workweek in~ Rules on Hours \/Voi'ked-
-any given workweek -(San Juan D"e·Dios Hospital 1· .. · Waiting Tinre· ·
Empioyees Assoc.~AFW v: NIJ~c;·G.f?. No. 126383, . . .: Considered. as hours worked if: (IRC} .
November 28'. · 1997). . · · · a.. Waiting is an]otegral part of his work; ·
. .. .. · .b, ·-: T.he employee is ·BEiquired or engaged by
Health personnel incl_udes resident physrci.a»ei~~.,. theemployer to wait;.or · . . .
nurse~. 'nutritlohlsts. dieticians:. pharmac;:isJst5ocial ·ru·
~ : ~ "'--~c~":'=,)!/hen employee is required to rem?.in on
workers, ·-' laboratory technicians;»: patant_qical 11 • ' -J. '\f ;r
-~ll,in the employer's' premises or so close
technicians,' psych.ologi~ts,: · ?1idw~y,~~terJ~a'.IJ!ii==·~ -( . ij(?~et~~,that he. cannot . ~se the _time·.
CODE, Art. 83).
. ..
. ·
.
t:<~V;L? ."~,,,,~-~~-~,.._.;,Jt~~
, <and all other hospital or .chn1G P,eYY,~[}n~Jr{,UflffOJ:? ,

..
. ~- ~ifeq!J-v~l~an~ga1.nf':'IIY for his own purpose

.i.()- ·,t.V _I" . '11-» <¥lf" "'}!)"'

bf~''tl;AB_ORG_ODE, Book Ill, Rule 1, ·
\~ec.~~·']!-1_/\ . . . .
Health personnel In · :9ove n~"n(f senilce ar.e · ~t L&~ l "\.q · \ . . · _ · .
excluded ·from the coyerag~f-of Artt · B? fto 96 bf 1_0'"'\, Note: If ihe e~_pto~:e~s not required to remain on
Labor Code. Their' eqiplb~'!9.-erif b.~n~fits"."""'"~:f . :t . ..,! emp~yer's \.)?~~~s but is ',mer~ly required. 'to
9(_)Verned by R.A. ~°-· ,7305 fdvla_g~a.Ca~a\ofPiJW.1~.J . c..:::r~.&V~y.,<jrd. at t:ii~ fjo~~. or· with company, offlclals, .
Health \fVorkers.· . . '. ~ tl.,.q· . Ii\ .. &J·.W...[[f)Ji[ dller~ l;j'e may ~'*-lfe~shed, he is 'not considered··.
~- . . . ; (::1L
.\(4 ·"'-{f,· .. :-:·~;:;7~wor:kini/.~j,e 6n.callt/ffeR qf Labor:Code, Book II,
ARTICLE 84: HOURS ~O~KER'"\f .
_Hours ~orked_ ln.clu~~: (D~ts4i2q~ :{~~,;·,-~ .
\i~,~-
:.- 1$. ""'l,~V[Jliiie]f.~~'f3(b~~
4t4.r . ~/
1 . ..
J _ · "'-1: . · ·. .
·-
. .. . ·
. ,.
·
_ 1. _All time dtm~g_wt:uch.an.e~ploye· ·,s r~~J( 11.~ _ . ~~ - .,;iyCompensa~Jht}'. of
Wa1tmg T1!7le. __
.be:on .!,lutyor to be ;:it a.:P~~cnbe ·-l£'tot~°P,la'e~~~-J · .,,
2. .Alf time ~uring Which .ar:(e'mpl~yee is'~i;i!fe[~~,~1~ ·.
permitted to_ work (/RR of.LA~~R cqpE,~~ .s1 .
· Ill, ~-u!e; I, _Sec. _3); ' . . . >,,-t_y_n ·;::·
. .. 4~- • - • • • -

3. B~_st: . peri;QQS.. 9f S,~C)lj ~!Jration -·~,u111;\1{,;'ocitin~. 1\.ff .. ~lt®ris':1 an ·. inte~r-al

hp!:Jrs,. w~.1~h_ ~h.~lf;notbe r:nore _than:20 mmJ,1_tl:!S;~...,!;,,p.art"~ftl:iejpb; th(;l_ time. tim.e: . it. - 18
. and .(/RR of the LABO~ CODE, Bo.ok Ill,. Ruie1. · : spfmt . · waiting ·. · ·;s d5mpensab,le
Sec. 7),.: ·-· · cb~p.ens.able··.-.· · · · ·
Prin~1p1~sJn:..D.;t~~h1Jri!l)n.ti~u~~ \'V.9iked: .:- . _ ,. : . ·.e.g .. X: wo,rks . ,ii~ ·. a e.g·. y: WO°rks. as a QUS
1 .• All-~ciurs.are hours:worke.cl whi~l'l-the .employee.
-is required to give to' his employer, regardless-of drivet; : His tcisk is to d_river·6f Victory. H.i~·route
. .- ···~h~tl')er .,.Qr· ·r{o(.such .. hb~fS-.,?~B spenf ·Oi_i,. a ...
.drive· · · 'truck... · to is from'- · ··. Manila· . to
· · productive-. labor. -or invoJve physicat or ·mef.ltal · ·. · ·Piun.panga _ to:.· load "Santiago, leavinff afs· ai'n
., ei<ertioh. .· . · ·.. · · · . · . . :gravel. While :gra\1\:lr i~i ·an~ ~rriving ~t 3·pm. He: i's ..
2 .. An employee need not le~ve.the prEfmises-o.f.the . being,- loaded,'· he complet~Jy reii·e,/ed frt1m h:«:1 ,'
0

workpl.;i~e in ordElr.-that l:iis ·rest peri<;>d"shall.~.e· played .. mahjong_. a~ ·duty. until ::9pm, whei') .
.. cpunted; it-o~!ng·~nough ·that he.stop_~ working,. the_n slept. The· time he again 'goe~ ·on duty for the ·
may ·rest completely and ·. may leave. - . his·-' . spent . _playir'.Jg·_. and reh:ifn trip to. Mahila ... His·
workplace, "fo go elsewh~re" whether 'within· or . sleeping -· · · · is . idie · . time··- · · is .': not
. ·· "out'sid~'the.·pre.~ises of his Wofkpla~e, · · . -compensable l)e·cause compensabt~· because' he .
3. If th~ ·. .work perforrr1;id wai=i .n~ce$sary;. or it· h~· is. ei:,g~ged 'to wait 'i1,· ·specificaily · ·reliev_ed
';. , benefited "the employer, or the emp}pyee COIJ!d tor.· :waiting · is . an from an duty: 'H°e is merely ' ·
. ·. not' a6and6n ... his work at. the' end of. his "normal integral·part
. . o( his: jon. ·.. Waiiing
. to.be engage<;! ,
.
working hou.rs be_cause he J1'iid. no replatei:!'ient,.
all time spent fo·r such work sha'II be considered·

40 ·f 2Ql9 SAl'.'I SEDA LAV\/ CENTRALJ:2'.ED E!AR OPERATIONS.

 •••
2.
,.
·51_eeping"Time
LABOR· STAN D.AR-DS20i9
. ·SAN BEDAU\i.y CENTRALIZED BAR-OPERATIONS"- MEMORYAID
NF 9« @&CPMNEI

General Rule: · ·
0

•. tiw
Corllpensable Considere'd as
Whether sleepinp.tlrne allowed an employee will Not compensable and must be \Nork· . time
be considered as part of ·his working. time will because it is a cotirited· . as when . it cuts
'depend upon the express or implied: agreement 'norrnar incident of hours worked across an
of the parties: In the absence-of an agreement, . employment employee's
. itwill depend· upon thenature of the service and • workday
its relation.to the working time. · E-xc.eptions: because it
a. Considered working tlme if steeping time is- .Where the worker substitutes for
i. · Subject to serious interruption ci~ is made .to: work the hours that
ii. . Jakes . ·placer .. under . - c_onditions· . on an ,emergency · the employe"e
· subs~°f;l!ltially. Jess deslrable. than would · can and travel · is should· ·have.
. . be like.Jyto exist at the employee's home necessary . ·,n been in . the
<··b .... NOt .considered.as' workirig .. flrner if there 1$ ··proceedi'ng to Jhe offi~-
an .opportunity '. for' . comparatively: workplace;
· uninterrupted. steep under: fairly desirable-· . Travel is done-
: · condjtions (1 AZUCENA, supre.e! 232-233).- "through·· ·: · a
. -'. · · · .. . . , . conveyance ..
Note: S,IEleping time lscompensable.worklnq time if provided· by .. the
the . nature of · e,!:TIPIOye~·s· work allows sleeplnq employer; · '
without"lnterrtipting
) ._ ·.· .
_of his work (1 Poqu1z;-supra at.?30)..
or prejudicing
-
the performance ,ft ....../'~°?;I'
. -'.~/;;.-:)\
Travel ,. is done
under ". the . ·
.
. . ('-'"" /£·... •,,\ _sup_e"riision . and
3". -Prellmlnary and Po~tl!minary Activities. l I~;:;:i~-·<Lj control of the
a.. Prelirnlnary Activities. :-~before work (~::~;, ?_'i•,f.,. ~~ployer; J~d ·
) . preparation f~r ,bu~iness_ 'pre!,entatio~;:;)}:' (i,; ·:·fi~ ''i'..~l:.rJi~f;HJs•·))lorie
1>.. P.o~tl_lll)lnary·Actlvitla_s- afte~~~a( ~or~~) { ·ur:ider--vei:ci~.9\?>.an~
. · :.(e.g: overtime work) : . ·
·
{"/'· .. · .
'"'I e wh· en: · · · -, . . .. : . · r-1;<J::,f..\.
• · ,,
(;,,,q
'-, -·,
dangerou's,fj\~
r, i:i ~~ · ·
-Compsnsab . , p/ ,';,.· circurnstaF'c~ ,
· a... Con.trolle~ or_require~-~y~~¢oy!~\f~· · t.,1 L.._ _ _,_:_·
_.· J.?--;;·1!--\.,i,>.,;.,·
......£.. ..1..-_-,-- ..,_ ,....,

b .. ·P,.re pursuei;l rtecessaril~jjnd--pr~~o~y _-foJ · lt-l (1 CHf!'Njsu1{~ 1-17-118). a~ ·· ..

·· the. employer's benefi((.1,fiZ-UJi§C!A,~~pra~ · ~,J. . If _ -~ ·· \·. · . · ·
. at 2.31).
--: ·. .
. , . C( =P J.,,;,. \l>·,,
· '<.,.. · ,;:;.;r-<'~( ~?._?\ t ,_. .
~·~j· 5. · Rt:>'~~r1_1,f:lti~~PJ1rl~ .
DQE!.~l;!h,<;:~Ji:istructron No. 36 prov1d_es fo~ the
·. .
Note: The 30-!llinute asser:ribly !i111l~i_:9,etic'i~_by t'],i r:3- . foU9wing rufes: ·. . • . '_. · ··- . . .
emplo.ye~s of the comP.any canno.£$,r cory~)dered . ~tr,.-r:-rr"la .. Brqwn~uts . 9f _short d~rat1on .. b~t. not
. ~waiting tlme-" since. they· are.- aot sabje_i?lvto.the j •.1~t' !.~·;,;-~}:r,...,.~;:eedmg 20 minutes shall be t~eated a.s
. ab~olute conti:ol ~t:th·e company ·aurir(~fhis: ~~f!~___,._~~~'-:~!:"-:.0,wotked . or ~ompensable hour~- Yfhether .
. otherwise;"thefffailu-re to r~port.1~ i,,e a~~im~~time. . . • us~d pro_duc~1ye:'yby the emp!o¥ees C?f not
would. justify __ tf!e compapy to· impos_e "'4!~~,!p.~na_ry b.. _.Brownquts runnm_gfor.r:1ore th.an 20 rr11r:il!te~
measlires,(Arica v, NtRC, GR: No:"78210, Fep_rµary_ . . ·· may; :~ot .. be treat~d a~ hours. _.worked
. · 28, 19.89), · :. · · · · . pr~y1de.~ -~"Y-?f. the.·f:>110\NJOQ condrt1ons are ..
: .. ..: : .preser)t, · . .. . . . . ·
. ·. - · 4; l)avel:Tim~ · ... i. The· employees, : can· . .leave their.
workplac~ or · go· : elsewh\;lre.· whether:
.. ,n~ide: qr outside ,the· woFk premises; or ...
ii. Tli~ . employees can use the . time ·
effectively.for their own interest.
Norn:ti:11 · t~avel The tim~ spent
Trav.el : that ··.fi.. · Seme~~al B~ea.k 6fTe._a·c~~rs . . .
. fto{.ll: . .home:. "to· by .. · . .:. 'an keeps . an · : Tlies.e· semestra.1 brea_ks are ·in th~ natu_re of ··
work.-which is -hot employee., in "employee- .· . · ·woi'.k· .·interr-up,ions · .beyonc;f·; the· employees'.·
. .' "wor!< tlro~.'· . '. 'travel as. p_art. away. .' . from .' · controL .As · such, .the~e:· breaks · e::annot · be
· · · . · . of.his,princip~1· ho.m~ . :con"side~ed as absences wit~in the meaning of
. "activity,.. . like. "ov~mig!'\t: ... the. law for whicl:t deductions rristY b~ m_a~e from
... .travel . from . . .· . .
monthly aJlowances '(University. of Pangasinan
. jobsite · . to · Fficulty
Union v. · University of Pangasinan; G:R: ·,
jobsite.. di.Jrins_ No. L-63122, February 20, "1984). ·
the w~rkday.

2019.SAN· SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I 41

·- . ~ . .
 fiHCIM . A44?:4 .. Eb a;+il'dd

·LABO:R STANDARD·s.
·· SAN'BWA LAW f:ENTRALIZ_ED BAR OPERATIO~S - MEMORY-AID 2019 ..
IF A I ME euw,-.w,106&6 WAAf#a?2fiMdP9%¥:V

Th~ "no work; no pay" principle does not apply. · ARTICLE.'85: ~-E.AL PERIODS
· The petitioner's members receivedtheir regular
salaries during this 'period, It is clear from the law Rules on-·Meal Periods .
that it contemplates a "no work'' situation where 1. , Shoul.d'not be· less than 60 minutes. It is· non-
th~ employees voluntarily absent themselves. compensable except where during the so-called
. P_etitioners; .in the case· at bar, certainly: do not, .rneat period. .the '·lab:orers are, required . to
ad .. votuntetem, absent themselves . 9uring_ standby for emergency work, or said meal. hour
semestrat breaks. Rather,· they are constratned . 'is.. not·· 6ne , of- complete . rest; sµc.h , period is
to take mandatory leave from.work (Universityof considered ·overtime, (hours worked) (Pan
. f.angtisinan Faculty: ··union. v. Unil(ersity 'ot American · : Wor(d ~ 14irways: System .v, Pen
Pangasinan, G.R. · No. L-63122,· February 2.0, . · Amertcen.F;;mployeQs Aseoctetion, G.R: No. L-
1984):. : · .. . · ". · 16~75, February24.~1.$6.ft-· · . ·
··2. . M,ay be)es.s than· P6· minutes; but .should not be
7-; Lecture~;:Meetings:_ahd Trainings'P.r~gr-ar'ns .. less ·than. 20· mmutes. an<;I the "shortened ..
· Not counted as worki!19 time if A4L the follbwing · . mealtime: must be Witb full . pay, · under . the
· conditionsare met: (OVN) . : . . . · ·. · , ·following. instances..' · · , .. · .
·. a. . Attendance 'is Qutsi9e· of the. employee's" . a: · Where the work js non-manual work in
. regular working-hours;·.,, ;' nature or .. does. n6t 'involve. strenuous
b. ·- Attendarice is in fact Y,otuntary; and . .....,.;:.._,,....=--=-<--- . . · phystcat.exertlon: . · · .· · · · ·
c. Em'ployee does li()t perform_..)myP'P.dfctive
~otk · during .such attend,anc:,r[~R ~ the ,,
lLJ.·
~~~~VVIJ~r.e.the.establishmentregularly operates
1 \1- ;.>;, ~~~ss·thar.i16 hours q.day; ·
'. 'LABOR CODE, Book Ill, Rl!,,,P'l6S~ .~)~=--..,,.;.'cf lti ?-,<iase7 of . _actual_ . cir imp.e~ing ·.
. . ·~:~ \,...,~~ .. ' -,~lmer~fe{t~esorthere _is urqent-workto be
·a. Attendance in Labor Rela!J6ns$,9!iYffie.§."'-""\" ..... ""'~~===.,...._.,, P~ffPhn'e'tj~o machineries; equipment or
a. · c:;sA ·· Ne~otiations }'~~e:9~rat'Y: · .n~ -'-. ~· . -~n~i:i)l~!lf.p).tQ· avoi~ sE:rio1.,1s lo&s which the
compensable, excf;pt. 1f;,:1ptere>. 1s_ :·an .&~ .. '.. -~roplczy~two\d:0therw1se·suffer; or- --
. agre:em~nt tor compe~sabil~W in th~ parties',. ,.. d:. Jvher~~f1'1or~ is necessary· to prevent
~~?U~~'R(?les (1 Pop~ ;~l:l{!ra_ a,p:3:'0:- ~---~eri~us'\le;:>~~.fperishable. goo~s. · · .
b. ·Griev_ance· ...; ~e1;J169~...,:-~-- 9.e~erafi~. ,f..~~~sf perr~<Ufor;._cqff.e_er~rea~s running from ~-2(_)
_compensable 1f em} !oyee~ are regu1redfuY,~"'JJl1ifij}JGJ · mm};lte~ ,shalll"beJc~1dered. as compensable · '
emplo)'.er to be 01l·1h~~P,rem{~,.\exc//pt_;;_-&:._:~w~f$.~;>tlr.n~ (IRf; ir.·LABqR COfJE, f3~ok Ill,·
when a boq~ fide unw~w·1p\olV\~~{ffi~ri, .If" ·t?Jf!jfJ)$ec._!i)-~c, # . .' .
is a CBA, p0licy or i1raet1de~io·tti~-~~--~~,w':i'· . '*-~~.,,, /~'Y_· )! "1fl .
. (1AZ&CENA~ supra \t ~37) '%, ~~~~ f:\'.'..'.~~2f.t~ed:-fMe~I·_.· "3re.ik . upon , ~mployees'
. c. -Hearitig,,Ar:bi(~ation,':foncil~on ~-c ~ql!,~lt_</·: ·. l . . . . .. < .,- . ·.- .
_spe·nt<for .attenqance.,t>~. . . union'qrtig_ r~·J"\ _ ;rf~pr,prE:_.,~m~yr2tfu~st that .the1~ J!leal. period. be
~- ' ...·. ' employees. iA. hearings'\,or C91!mr1;t~~: .lf~~0)1~pl3a ~Jhqytt·iey Can leave. WO~k ·earli~r· than
·. before ~abo~ ~~bu~als qr co'oq~""~Sjl~'·'O~=_,.th~~4ftvr~~~f. . esta~lished schedule: . Such
. co~p!arnts m~t11;1ted or filed by tl;!~Q.1 agi~?t ~- /l,,)~11.\~,e~·n:ie~ltir.ne... 1.s · n_ot compensable. (1
t~e,'.. ·en:iployer .,s n_ot c':',:npensabl?P"wo.~,i~J! _l.V H~~~5N'A; supra i:l.f 242}. · ·. · . . . .. ·
·time. It 1s ha~dly.fa1r or Just-for.an employee~·-..""" · . . · · · · · . . ·.
. . or l,;1 bore.r to f[ghL or litigat~ · against' his , Requisites: (NB~.:OOTA )- . ; · . ·. - . . .
: :, . . - employer ·on . the · employer's . time . (
J.P. ·1. :.. Work 'is !fat .physically ~treriuous, · ahd they are ·
.. Hf!ilbrorin-Co.. v.,. National .Labor Union,.G.R. . ... ·provic.fe.d.. withi adeq1,1ate -ppffee '!!'rea~s :in. the.
· · . -Nq.. L-:51.2.1/ January 20,. :f953);'. . · .. . r.r)'orni.ng··and·attemoon;: .. : . : >' . . ·.. . · '.'.
· ,.·. · ·· 2._' '(altie.o.f.benefi~.i~ _eqtJai ,<:>·the Qofopensation
. ·9, Work·H~ors'.otSeainen.. . . · - , ·due them-- : ..... · ·. · ·.. ·, ·· · · · ·
. . : Pre'senc~o·n :foa'rd for more )han 8 hours day a .. i .. No .Qfmi~~tion· i'n. the.- s~lary'. ar;d other' fri~g~
. · · is required' by;.the riature .of (l)eir service. ·The ·'· · ·. 'benefits·of the employees already:existing: , ··
. '·-. correct criterion .in determining whether or'.not 4 .. · .Qvenim:e pay will become-due' and:demandable"
·~ . .. . ~ailqrs . are· entitled .·fo .ove.r.time · _pay: is. n6t, · )f e.ver they ·ar~.- permitt~d q(.ma<;te ''to. work·
. : therefore., whether,. they ~ere. on ,9.0ard ·a·nd 9eyond~:-~O pm:-. ·. · . . . , . . . .· . :. .
c;mnot leave· the ship b~yond the "reiiular · 8 · · · 5. The arrangemen't!S ofierriporary;durati6n; a'nd.
·.w9rking tic;>Urs.a day, but w_tiether they.·a9tu~lly
· rendered service in excess ·of said number of
f$ ... .-1::mployees voluntarily· ~gree-
waive the overtime pay '(Drilon:Letter to Kodak
•r
·wr.iting arid

hours · ·: ·(Natiopf!/ : S,hipyards arid · ..·-steer . Philfppines;.Nov.27, !989); · · ·· ··

Corporation . v.. CIR.'.. G.R .. · No: ····L-17068,>·
December.30, 1~61). . · . Note:.The :a-hour work perioq does not include the'
meal break. l\)owhere iri th~ lav(mi;Jy it:·be inferred
tMt empl()yees must take their: meals within . {he

42. I 2019 SANBEDA.l.A\IY CENTRfl.LIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 M&HM ••==•=rmr
LABOR STAND.AR:os
SAN·BED.ACAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID .Wl9
·~:. . JD;lfr '.-.. • Wit RIX~ @Oi&RMIIM·sev·i\fl-UH tfeW&l·Wl,SQMitilYf."~~ ... ~

t?·-· .company premises. Employees are not prohibited ·

.,~· from goi.ng out-of the premises as ·rang as· they return
,f· to their .. posts on· time (PH Airlines, Inc. v.. _.NLRG, ·
.L · G.R. No. 1~2805, f:ebruary 2, 19.99). ·. . . . . .
f[l .

t.'f. ' .·changll')g

:ti:;·
The
Lunch Break from Paid to.unpald
chanqe in work. schedule does
labor practice. The . right. to fi~.
.

work ·
riot constitute
. .· Computation:
"step·t:· Get the reglila·r wage.per hour
unfair the. Daily Wage 'divided by·nurribernf hours worked
,. schedules: of the employees r~~t,~.principalfy on their . P 800 + ~ hoµrs ;::;. P 100 · · ·
( .. employer: Previously; the lunch breakperiod ..could- ·
~{ be considered .as workinq.tirne because .the factcry . Step 2: Compute· the NSD . .
i ·employees ·were required to .work :if necessary and ·Farm'ula: (10% x regular:wage ·per h.our) x no.· of . '
\:';. were paid accordingly for working. Wi~h- the· ne,;r . hours· of work performed.' be'tween 1.d PM:... 6 AM)
:: · work schedule, the·emplpyeeS'<Jre·nciw giv'en·a orie-
hour lunch break withou! any interruption from their .
.
(1()% ~ p ..100; )(4 hours·=· P 40'
.
·
.
employer, Siri.ce :fhe employees . are··'"!.<:> . Jongijr..
{.' · required to work during this one-hour II.inch .break.. . '
t there is no more need. ior.the01 tobe compensated
~t,: · for .this.perlod (Sime Va(by Pilipim;is,trio .. v. NLRC ·
rt;.: (2"" Division), ~.R. N9.· 11~205, AprilJt;; .1'9.98). ·. ·,-o·~ : . .'.
-~.·.' ~R-r,q_E:~6= NIGHT~~H•~r o,~~e~~rt,~~ ·/1t;'.~~~}.·.: : · i. .,
-. It is an addit1onal compen~~t,on !i notless..than l(!)'Yf\'.,.t.:~-1 Given 1.B: · · : .
;' ·, work
of an employee's regular: wage for ev~ry houfjo~~\,•.,·;~.-
done betw~el'.'). 10;00 J:>M and 6~0~A~f:;.d~-.
. ~p-5-3-7-------..,

r·· whe_the.r ?r not s~c~ . p~ri?cf i~ '. ~~i;tj;:'Cl~. fhe ;,~' !j ·.· ./6:.qo PM·~ ~,00 A.M
t'" .worker.s regular shift. · 0:-7'
.:.... -f 1 ' • • •- / )!1·,\{i_.
\ 't: · .
t"f:··

ff- · '.
I • • '

:.
• ••

··,
Generaq~ule: All ~mploye1;3s ar~ en!i6.ed~oJJ.SD.
.. '\ "" t1 • •
.· . ...:.. ~·.1·\ 5:.,1-' J':1.'I Computa~·ory1 l
..~tt St a ~t·tn~.
·
CQ.LA . ·
1. 0
(;'.
t, . E .. ti
. . .
. . .
//
ff[,.".· .. ·.. "''"'~
[/':--.. . . ~: fist ta ~.
Mjnimu,fwaje ni
UC ~
us COLA . •
. ·.I
~-' · . · 1 ~c:o;;~~ovidedIn.Art 82 ,:~·ta~l~de~~@d
lf · · E . .'J. f ta-I d · ..... • · t ·bt·~.h ·ifil'"}
· ·, ·t,,.,1~l!J Pst.53 2·?: ··.:!!'l>Jt-;n!?..-ffe?·/f~,~. .:~
h
~-~e(. e•r.egµ ar wage p·er our .. . .
· · ·
R ... . .mp 1 oyees O ·re .. I an serx~~ e;; 13... !~. me ,,l :'
2. ~/f . D~ily Wa~~ci1~iaedby number of hours worked ..
~t ·. :regularly empl.oymg ·nof. mor!;:Jt~s,,wqrkeri5 · f'f · ., · _ · · ··
f.; (IRR of the:LABOR .C9DE,. Boo~//,,, Ri!l~}/JSe"c. ·: t;~:,52.7 ~. B ,hours- If' 65, 875
~t 1,b,') · . ·. . Ii:'-' /'J' . 1 ~·;l·-,,..,.t:;r. . °'.. .
,,t. .,. :; · . . .. . · ,, r..,..-_,......· ('l.,r<':'_../'·,.,,~;:x;,.;..-u
·,.1 .. )i;Stg~Gempute.theNSD
. ;,\· . . . . . . ..,
'f. . . . ., ... . . ., ·:' ... ·w.~,, . . :/{!,..,-'-_''.~ . i-qrm~la:(ro~ x. r-eg_ular wage' pet !)oµr): ~ ~o. of :
~ . . ,N'?t~: T~e.,...c<:>~.··~~a~I ._ n. ot be 1pc1~~ed /ly '"_th~ . J;i~tir~,of v..corlq:ie.rformi:?dbetween 1 O P~fl?I'. . . 6 Arvtr :
t . computa~on o( ri1ght ~'11ft pay (2Q19 ..Ha'Q<!.f-?;'!9k on · · (10% x.p 65.875) x 4 hpurs = P,26_.35 · · ·
r ·w_of!<ers: Sta~utory Moneta,y.l3en~fits, p-._2~} .. ·. · . · . . · · . · · · .. , .
c·
[ . NSQ:in c;:>yertime Work,=·· ... : . '
1i If work dorie·between'10 PM and Q}\M is overtim~ ·
f" ·· work/th~~ .ttie· 1q% ni.ght ·shift d1.fferentiaFslio~lildbe
. based on the 'overtime: rate: ·. .: . . - . . , ..
1,• .. ·.. ·! : :· • . •..
··~ . .
Reas~n: ,NSD pay is giveri a~· a prein1u·m for working . · :
.at a·tiljle when the employee is suppose~ to"sl~ep . ·(~Q19~ Han'c'Jl)ookon ~orl<ets' 'Statutory: Mqnet.a.t.;i
. :and ·resf i~>:iccordarice·with the l~w :of ..~ature: B.enefi~s; PPc ?3-24). . . . .·: ...

. NSD:no·t:.Waiv~bl.~::. .·. . _. .. . . ·"' · .

i: 'wtth Overtime · - · ,,, · . . . · ·
: ... ,. 'Additi.or.ial .cbmpensation. for·· nighttirrie · ~~rk !~ [('1°0% x OT wage p~r liour). x 'i:io. o! houn{~f wor~
0

:: · 'fol!nde.d on puqlic..P.o.licy (Mercury'Dru.fi.v.. Daya~; • performed betwee):i_.10 PM.-'- 6 AM) · · · . · ·

, G.R. No. L-3Q452, -September~o. 1982kThus,NS.D · Given,.2:A:
is.not walva.ble excepffor
. higher .
. : and bigger.b'en:ems.
. . P800
Saniple lll1.1stratlons. 8:00 AM- 5:oo·pfiA·
::.· 1.. wmi:oui 9.vertirne . . . .
•.. 1 •

((10% ·x regular w.aQ.13per hou~) x no: of.hour~ of 5:'00 PM - .12:00· MN

Vo(OJ:.k perfor~ed be~eerj fO PM ~ 6 AM].

'. .
2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZE(? BA[< OPERATl?NS I 43
. . . .. . ·.·
·.: ;.i. .
,; ...
• : -<i•• ' • :.-... . .-,,..•_
 'LABO·R· ST AN OAR D.S.
SAN.BEDA ~.W·~EN.TRAUZ£DBAR OPERATIONS -·~EMORY AID 2019· .

·Computation: . . . Step 4: Compu'te·theN$D. · . . . :

~ Get'regular waqe per hour· [(10% x OT wage·perhour) x no. of-hours of work
Daily Wage·diliided by number of hours worked performed between 10 pm-6 am]"
~P. 800 + 8hts.· '? p:100. . ·. x :x
(10% P 82.344) 2·hotirs = .P 16.47

. Step 2: Compute .the OJ P~y· ~etw~~n· 5:00 PM:-

12:00 MN. . . . .
. ((25% ~- regular wage, per hour) +: reguiar.wage per
hour :x no. of CT hours . · · . . .: .. . . ·
P.125 ',
·7 hours

(201!YHafldli90/(or(Workers' Statutory Mone.fa'ry' , · ··

Benetlts, pp._43~24) .: ; · · ·

' .. . -- ·: .

· Step '2: G.et ·r~g~l~r·.~ag·e. per' t1o~r . . . '. .. ·. ,: Reason: Th~·e·mp:loye~ li9.iv.en'OT,'paY.~C~use.he
. .. is' made .to work·longer :u:i~ii what lscommensurata
Daily Wage dlvlded.by number of hours worked . ,_ with his agreed.cornpens~tion for-the'statutotilyfixed
- .P 527'+ 8 hrs= P;65.875 .· : ... · .· . .
. or voluntarily-~greed hours of labor tie. is supposed
. ,. sie·p·3: Compti.te the. OT ~ay·b~~e·e~'5:00,~M ·~ . · -to do (PNB ·v. PEMA, . G:R:- No:. L~30279, ..fuly 30;
··1982).: . . . .
12:00·MN.· . . . . · :. · · · ·.
.((25% x reg~l~r wage per.hour)-!; regular-wage.per .Oy~rti~e.·P~y v •. P~E!mi'!h'i i:>.ay.
. hour] x no·:of.OT Jlo~fs] · ·· ·· -' .·.

·;.,·.82.344 Additional compensation :Additional compensation.

for . work .." performed required by law for:work ..
·.·· beyond 8 hours a day .] performed withil)·8 hours .
· Ev~ry employee-who is on non-working .days,
entitled to' premium pay 'such as rest' days, and
is like~i_:3e entitled to th~ regular . and. · 'special
benefit of 9yertime pay. holidays .. ·
. (CHAN, supra a.'t 119).

4·4 · 1 2019 ·SAN BEDA. LAW CENT~rzEo BAR OPERA noss

: ' ~' , ' • \ I • ' ' • •
 ~ ~----~~--~~----~----~--=---~~
......

.'.' LA·B.OR·STANDARDS·· ·
·-······
· . ·SAN BEDi LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR 'OPERATIONS- MEMORYAID 2079.
aa MM +a es,
Basis for ~omputatlon of O.vertlme Pay
'
.Requisites for \(alidity:
Regular basic wag_e includes cash wage only 1. · Clear: writter:i · ~greernent knowingly and freely
·witpout · any deduction on ·account of facilitie~ · entered into by employ~e: and . · .
provided by the employer (LABOR CODE, Art. 90): 2. ly1athem~ticai rErsult shows that agreed 'legal
wage rate· ahd. tne o'vectime pay, computed
· t:Jote: "!,'h~ Cost-of-Llvinq: Allowance (COLA) sha·II _separc;!tely, are ·equal to or high·er-. than . the'
notbeincluded-ln the computatjon:of overtime· pay 'separate amo.Lint~ legally d_ue (Ibid).· ·
(2019 Hentibook on .. ·Workers' Statutoiy Mon·e.tary
Benefits, p. 20): · .. · · . . . Note: Wher~ theperlod of normal.workinq hours ·
. r per day was increased to 12 hours, the employer.
Rates : . . . remains liable :tor· whatever deficiency in . the
1. . Ov.ert_lflleW.o.rk on Regular Wo°rk ·o·ay . · amount for overtime work in excess of-the first B
The. employee is paid for the overtime work an hours, . after re-computation . snows .such
. additional eompensatich, · equivalent to . hls deflclency (PAL Employees Savir:igs and Loan
re:gular wage plus at least 25% .thereof (LABOR Associc1tiori, Jnc. v,. NLRC, GR.: No.· 105963,
. qooE, M. 87). ·. . ..·. . . . ·. : ·c · . . '.' . ." • August 22,·.1.996). ·. . .. · ' ·
2, .. Overtime Work. ~>n. Special Holiday or Rest .. ., · · · -
·. Day •. . · · :· Wahler of Overtime·Pay ·
... Ovet1ime V.:ork p~iform.e~ on a· special holiday.or . _Gefieral Rule: Overtime pay cannot . be -~a.iv~d .
: rest .d~y not falling on, a .regular .holid~y,-shall be. -,;-1:... . expresstyor,impliedly. 'An_y contrary stipulatlon is null
. · '. paid. anadditional ~ompe~sation equ_ivalent1 tp:'/>(. arid. void, as it -ls intended to beneftr.laborers and
.· . · · . the rate.of the first 8 hours on that day plu~~ ~tf'::.,·.1· .·~ employees, (1.~CUZE,NA, supre at 262);' ·
'. teast 30% tbereof (LABOR .COOE:r. Art .. 87). l;f;/'::.""".:~ . , · · :
.- . . ·: . '. ': '. . . ·\j. ;,:·_.;. .,._. ··., . Exceptions: . . . . . .
: Erilp!oy.ee _a_nd. employer m~y .stipulate ~j.~err,//,:;;E!J?».',ti~n. J~~'-Wal~":r is mad~Hn consideration of
SBA the payment for overtime ~~,Jtt"rates:i!Ji~ ~eBklil~-~'Sldprivlteqes w~1.ch may_be mo~e than
. higher than those provid~.d q'S{t,;fa~.: (2019.t)~ . ,:· what wiM,i·~~crtre...to them. in overtime pay. (Id.);
.Handbook on: Workers'.. Statuttffi'J').;/yTorieta!{y,,--:"l', · and : j/ ~ · · .
. .. · Be_nefits, p, 2·1.). . · . · j. £ ti,:...~ · {:{ 2. Co!l1.Pi3s eQiWOF.k-week.-(DOLE_/.\dvisor:y Np; 2-
. · : ·. .· . . .~&f7. ~ttS:11' · "~-\ · · 04),.j fi l . · ......
Con~it~o.n.~to _l?e entitled to;~ye,rtlm.~.~~y· t~·,.
.'~ . fl · \\,
j( . . ·-~ . · ·'. · ·.
1'. : Entitlement to overt(me~~,pays::mlj,§1.'.<,"first~~
. .~slabllslied:by sufficient proq.f; ,:.9!:'fr:{ .· · p~~; · .
t' .. · ';1 Qu1t~~.~-n;').,l;n·.,.~-~!~t.•,<?»,t~-Overt1me. Pay
f,:j Gener.al..•~~lej,{:.~;\u~cla1mwher~by laborers ·agr_ee
.·
2 .. ·Said :·overtime work was a'tt~-p~iiom:ieyl° . ~·~ · to forego ~e(r-~cnef1!s due from their ernpluyer-1&
: · ((!agam'pan'v .. N/,.::RC, G.R: 85fii~?.4, ¥p°kch'22; · .. · 1.,( .•,P.~~ and v:01d.,lh 1~ ~ntlrety sine~ it run$-:counter with· .
··. 1991). .. . · ·· , ·:, ··. I(}-.,~}. . . J·•·!;,;~~~?.?~of.. the ~1v.11 Co~e which .provides agains~
· .. · . . . . . : · ·.~ . ·., · -'. .· , c i" ,,,ri1"..::-..?,::!:.?~.i.!:!QJtJ~JL~~$hment and 1s cohtracy ~o pu~lic pol\cy
Factual ·a.ncf. LeQAI 03:~is .fo~ ~laim .:}r · (,r,-: / . · .. (PampangaSuga~ De~efopment-Co. Inc v: .CIR,. G. R.
Ge!leral · Rule; A!l, .express.· mstruc;tior\tfr~!:!'.l° the' No. !--39387, J!,lne-29, .1982),. .·. . . · .. . · ·
' · . employer_ (s .. not' ~equired. .ft- ·is ·sufficienf'1iiat the · - . · · · · ' · ·
.. ·.employee' is. p~rmitted_ ·O( suffered to' work {1. ·. f:=xc~pUon: Th~·petitioner'seducatio_~~lbackiiro~np'
AZUCffNA, ~upra at 254).· .. ·. ·: .: · ··· . and ernp(oyment stalure (~nde~-it improbable that'he .
.wa~. pressured,. intim(da~~d o~ inveigled kato signing
Exc·ep,tlqrj:.· t>n r~t. "day~.. ·~nd holidays, .written _:. lhe:·sub)e~ q·uitclaim. This Cou.rt can,:,ot pei:mit the
. author[fy:after offiGe.tfours 'is required for entitlement petitioner .to reliev~ himself from the consequences
· . ~o. coin'p·en'sation. (G/Gbal incorporated·i.r. · Aiienla, . of bis ·act, w.h.e'n his: knowledge .and ·und.erstanding
. G.R:.No.··L-,5,1{)12-f3, July ~2; 1J)86): . ··: .. ,. . thereof. is expec.ted (Aujer:"f:~.v. Phil.. Com,:nunica,tfo'ns·
S~tellite Corp, q.R: No. 193484, January18,' 2012):.
#. : • • •

N.ote:· A Y.er~al in~tructi~n··.to i~ndef over.ti~e· ·wor.k

prevai.ls pver ~ memorandu.in pr6hibitliig.$UCh, wo.rk
(({..L: Ammen Trahsportation.'Co.v. 15orja, G:R. 'No.
· . L-1.7750, August 31, 1$!62). : .
. .. . ..
. Overti°'e. Pay· Integrated , ..in th~ Basic .Sala'ry
. · ("~uilt /h".Overtime Pay). . ··
The· stipulation .between ei:nployer' and employee·
that. the latte(s regplar QF° ba$iC ·Salary already.
.. inclydes tb.e overWne.pay is not per se illegal~ This
is also .call.ed .composite or package pay or all-
. inch.,1shfe salary· (1 AZUCENA,: supr;a a(263). · ..
. Note: Empl<;>yees:'wtiose.'P~Sitions. ar~ ~cl~sslfi~d
from:· rank-and-file to sui:>.ervisory los~ o\,ertlme.'pay
· ·.. . an9. -Other .~en~fits under. Arts.. 82-,96.. Promotion
prqch,1ces the::.saqie effect.,.But the. p·rarnotion and
position reclassific·a.liqnmijst ·be. done. in goQ.d fai!h:'·
:· · . . Th~ _pers~r1nel movemen~ sh quid not' be intended· to
. ·circumvent. the law to·. deprive· emptoyees': of the .
. benefits they used ·to receive (Productivity_incentives
Act pf.1990, R.A. Net 6971): ·. . . . . .

· 2019 SAN-SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I 4$

 .. f • #H&W9Mstw+

LABOR STANDAR-DS
SAN 8.EDA UW CENTRALl.~ED BAR OPER~Tt.ONS - MEMORY AID,2019
NSESkW&? &~NdiUii#W! ESSMMifSiti@§&SiifM#MIF t+ A NEE
'·
.Chines~ Overtlmeaqainst Puplic f:>olicy · · Gomputatlon: .
·ch,iryese overtime is a system pf overtime payment Step 1.: Deduct the COLA
in which salaried ·employee's regular .rate . is .Minimum'Wage· minus 96LA
· calculatedby dividing his· salary by the. total number .: P 537-_ P 10. =·P.527 .
. of .. hours he works •. Thus; the: g.reater. number of·
hours, .the lower rate· of pay per h~ur,(CCH/, Labor" . . Step 2:_ Get regular wag'e per hour . .
law Course, 303)-;.uod_ulY. reducing. the··: take home · · Dally Wi).ge· divided by number of hours worked
pay of the. employee. · This. economic practice Is ··~·527 + 8 hours=P 65.875 ·
· prohibited by-law (1' POQUJZ, supra at 238). · · .. ·
. t . \ Step· 3: -C'o;,,pute the OT Pay between s.oo PM ~. ·
~. '· 10:00 Pt-" .. . · ...
Sample l_lltistra_tlons
· · [(25% x regu,ar Wage pe,r hour) + (regular wage per
1. Regular Wo.r:kdays ·
(Re~~la"r,.b~si~wag_~+ 2.5% of reqular . ·. .
. hour) ~~ no.. ofOT hours] · . .. . . . . · . ·.
. basic v,:a~e}
.
. .. ,

~ 82.34 ·

5 hours

P411.72.

8:QO Afy1,.;: 5:0t'.>'RM ..

(lncluslve of 1: hour meal
~_rea~) · ·· '· · :
-s:·o·o.PM.-· 10:00-PM
.June ·1:2.· .• . .
(Independence Day)

.: c~~~u~tio~; ~~- . .
·P·1 ·425:-' .
. . ,. ·: .. ·.
. . Btei{1~ ~et ttotirly wage rats
.·· Dai°ly· Basic Wage·- dlvitfecf by number :of 'hours
.. ' ·wor,k~d:_multipfi~'d QY .r~gular, ·holiday wa.ge rate · '

p_53·(_::
'.. ·(1?800 ,•+ 8 .h9Ur$)-.x. . ..'.;i, P2QO · .: . . .
. -200'fo
~t~p 2: Compute wag~. be~~e~ 8:00AM --5:00PM: .
8:00 AM:... 5:0.0f'>M · : · .. · usirig .hollday ·wag~ rate. . . . · · · · ·. · ·
(incli.J~ive•of 1 · hour meal 8 h_opr.~x ·p206 ,=. P1;600 . . · . :- .· . . ' .
bre!al<)· . . .
Step 3: Compute OT Pr.e~i~m ~a~ b~iween -5:00
_pm-10~00 pm· · . . . . . . . .
· ((-30% · x Wage per bour) ·"" W.age .per hour]- x no. of
9! hours · · · · ·

46 I 201!3 SAN.SEDA.LAW CENTRALIZEO BAR OPERATIONS

·----· ···--------
 u+ *! H9H±I .. i.P ff FRI M. euta~~.: .
LAB·O.R ST AN DA RDS · tJ:.
SAN BED!!;.w.!7:::z:=Rc;:~~:;~::.::::nRY;'~:;; #fMiidilHMmmVl[@'~_j~

P260 (2019. Handbook on. Workers' Statutory· ~onet~ry·

Benefits, p. 21).
5 hours:
· 3: Rest Daysor Speeial Holidays·
· [Restday orspecial holldaywaqe rate (1_30%).+
.f 1,300 30% of-rest day or special holii;:lay:wage rate}

Given 3.A:

8.:oo:AM:.... 5:00 PM .
(inpJ.usive .. of · one hour
meal break) ·. .
5:00'PM'i: 10:00.PM
June 24 · .·. . .
(Manila· Day -~· .. Special
Holiday) ·

-,

,_.~·
f> 845

~tep 4:· CO(T1pLite the: total: wag_e. eernea,

·'

5 hours, · ·.

P.85~.40· ... "Give)1 No. 3.B:

p.537
. Step 5: -~o°,r,pute-,th~ tota/.war1_eea,j,e"d . .8:00AM ·-.5:00PM.
P 1,054 .' .· (incluslve qf 1 '_riour rnial
bre.ak) · · ·· ·

P856.40 s.oo PM.-· 1 o.oo PM· ·

J~ne24. · -
(Manila Day ~ $pecial
i> 1-,910.40 Holiday)

2019.SAN BEQA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I 47

~r""
l .
-~
LABOR STANDARDS
SAN. SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OP~RATIO_NS -.Jl,~ORY AID 2019
. '~1'11Jl~--.Blliillllil!ll!1mmaatt19111PIIIMIIIIM•
•i!il:&Pll:llwt-WIIIIIIEFi!.1-ll!:MSlDPMlll
--_·IIAll!ti
.. Hlll!lllrm-mmzm11
l!SMIIW!!I 11:mD1110111&Httim:tm•11111111Z ~:l!Jll!'.J·J~.
.Pl!!~·-!.lfMm-1;11
.... 2t!t'!l!1

Computation: Computation:
Step 1':. Deduct the COLA. . Step 1: ·Get_hou'rty r,,age rate
· _Mi.nimum Wage minus COLA Daily Basic v\'age dJvided by number of hours
P-53.7- 10 = P 527 worked muitipli~d by rest day s special holiday
wage rate. . .
Step 2· Get hourly wage rate . (PBOO ~,8 hOtfrS).~··1?0% P1·50 =
Daily Basic Wag~ · divided by number of hours . .
worked rryi:Jltlplied. by speclalhcliday wage·rate. Step 2: Compute wage'·be!tween 8:00 .aro,,..S:00 pm
(F'.527 .... B hours) x.130% =_PBS,.64 · .: using specfal holiday iNage··rate . .
-8 hours .x· p.150 ':" P1,200. · ·· .. : ·
. Ste~ 3: Co~·put.e.·wage between ·8~00. etm-5:00 pm .
· Step 3: Compute OT Pre~ium Pay between 5:00
using special holiday :,vage rate ·
8 hrs. i< P85,64.:;: P685..10· · · pro-1'6:00 i:>m.... . ·· . : · . .· .
. [(30% -~ holiday.i,v_atie'per hour) + hollday.waqeper
St;p 4::C~~pute
pm~10:0Q pm · ·
orPremium Pay between ·5:00
· :. : . · •.· · ·
hour) x no. .
. .. ·of..OT:bours
. . .... . . . . . . ·. ~ . .. · . . :

'[(30% x. h9liday wag~ pEfr°hour) +holiday.wage 'per

. hour]' x. no. of. OT. hours ... . .
.. . . 5·hOL!fS

'p'1;~00

P975

.·f> 2·,175 .. ·. ·

-P537
8:00 AM .::.-5:00,PM ·.
'(iriclusive·of-1 hour meal
break) ·

.&:90 At0·:"- 5:0P'P.M. : ·.
(~11clusive p( 1 ;fiour. meal
break).· .. ·. :
·5:00.PM.,..: 10:00_-PM. ···
June6-.·· . . . . ~tep
. (Araw ng 'Caloocan -
apectal 1:i:pliday .> ., ·
c.~incidirtg wi . wage· rate. ....
employee's scheduled"
rest day), · · ·
5:00:·PM--10:00 PM
.June:6 ·... · .. ·,
'(Araw ng Caloocan ·.;
special. holiday · · ·
coincid_ing w/ .
employee's. scheduled
rest day) · ··
· .... ·. ·. · ...
Computation :· ...
Steri 1: Deduct the CO~·
. Minill'.lum Wage.minu~ COLA
.P-537'- 10-= P,s~t : .
2:
G~t .ho~ri~.~~~-e rate:" _·· ' . .. .
Daily Basic Wage divided by number of hours
worked rri.u_ltiplied·.by.rest"day & spacial. holiday..
. · . · · ,...;- · · · · · · .
-JP527+ '8 hours) ·x_ 150% -~-P98.81· · ·
·
'Step-3: Compute Wag·e.betwee!') 8:00 am--:5:00pm
using· special holiday wa,ge, rate . . . . ·.: .
8 'hours-x P98. 81 =.P790.50 · · ·
, .. LABOR STA·N-DARDS .
SAi-i BEDA LAW CENTRAU?E:f! BAR OY.6,RATIONS- Mf.MORY AID 2019 · · . .
.
WHSNitem:f •
• . . iifNMffi&H ,w;w, M&2A§SiMW2ESBW a-u:wwwrlh.rr ~~-..:'l!a\!i~
Step 4i- Compute OT Pre.mlumPay between ·5:00 . ·ute th~ tota/wa e eained
prri-10:00·pm. : · .· · · . 'P 2,080
[{30% x tioliday wage· per hour) + .holiday wage per
houri x no.· of OT h'our~. . .

f> 128.4~ ... :

5 hours
Given 5.B:
.P 6.42,2-7
P.537
8:00 A.M - 5:00 PM . ·
{lnclusiye 'ot · 1 hc;i.ur. rrieai
br~?)k). ·
.5.:00 PM -:- ·.1 O:O'o. Pt.ll
May·1 . . .
I, . p.1;43~··77 . (tabor Day ~ leg~l holiday
coinciding w/ em'ployee's
(2019· Handbook on Workers'Statutory }1onelary. . · ?;): ,;'{. se;;he'duled rest ~_ay) ·
Benefits,-p.,-?,1). . . -. ··: · .- .· ·/·\/y;Jt( ·.
. .. p-~- ,, t..,A . . . -, . . .
5:· · Schedule_d Res~ bay w_hlch: ls Als.o, a L.~9~1{-(i: ,.;•;~) Computation: · · . · ··
. or'Reqular H_oliday · · . .. ... l>J
_\i "<1;; S~~@ 1: ped~ct th~ COLA
· (Rest day.& legal holiday wage rate + 30% o,~ f ,:.: ':.z,;p¥,1.mgi~';1 Vyqge minus COLA
.. rest d~y & legal hohday wa'ge_ra~e:{2f;l.f?t1-)f.: ;J~PTi~:-P~53~~~[Q'.:;';.~~- 527 _.· . ·.
.• . · · · ·· .,,Y:: ;; · 't td · ~-A · . ·
Given 5.A: · . . ·. ..' · · · (;/"' ,, · . <1.,:;::_:;-.1 ·step.2: Get,fi~~rlywage rate. ·· ·. :
•, .•· P BOO.- ff>{!J~.:,J' -,!' 'f;,i.
_Daily Basi( 1f!~ge_ divided by ou~ber. 9f. hours.
. '8:00 A~5:00'fit·U~_b;· _ _ . tili . worked. wtit,~hecf~fy rest day ;& legal holiday wage
(inclu'sl~erof"tr-iJ<>Li'meal ~ ·
brea'(<,}/l·,=""~~)7~-· · t~
r
1.!). rate.
·:·t/g/
a ·. ~
'I: ..
(P527_·1',~:~.9~r~).,.~Vz~Q%=:P171.2~ ·. . .; .·...
·
. . .-.if·' . . ,':::J'· · . ,.:-(: Step 3,,~9.!J11?9N~·;Y.,age between 8.00. ,am-5.00. pm
5:0_0 P~~O:O"':~M -: \ ... rJ·. µsing t,olidaywa-gerate., . .
May 1. . ·,~..a~ . ~\-.
(~~b°.r _D~y.:,. !~g~I )'t!j>IJ.~ay._ , .
k. _.! 8 hours x P171.28 = Pt,370;20
1

r-t-:'1.~r.. · · · · · .· .·
. ', · .
cornc,dmg w/\~m~yee'& · !.Mr
:_,.··lf,,;\'"C!• .
scheduledrest day·) ,,,-:1;- ~~..u.!.::..._~p 1z:.e~p1:1te O'lPrernjum Pay between 5.!)0PM ...
·: . · . . . ·
· · - · ... ,,; . ·. kt., - 10:00 PM .
. . . . ~..Ji,;11,:._Jf , ({30% X "holiday Wa!;je per hour) + hdl_iday W,age per .
<;:qrrfputaJ.1011, .-,. .. : · ,':~;i! . . .. hour]'~.no. ofQT'hours.
Step 1: (3et.fiourly wage rate. · \. .: · . . . . . .
,Daily_ ·sa~,i'G Wage divided .by. -number .of .hours
: -worked multiplied· byrest cfay '&: legal. holiday.wa·ge·· 'f>.222,66
. ' · rate. . : ·. . : :. ·. . . . . . : ·. . . . . .. ·. . .··
.(PBO(! + 8 hours) x: _260% = P2,60

Step. 2: co~pute viage 'b~tw~er-i-:8:bQ ·a~~s:09 p_m

usi'ng'holiday wage rata.'. .. . . . , .
_8 h'ours x· f260 ·= p2;oao . · ·. · .
. . ~·. ~
Step· 3:" Comp.µte OT' Pr.emium Fay bew,,~e·n 5:00·
. .·· . . Step
.
5: Compute. _t.ni/ total-
. . .
w~ge earn,ed
. - . . ..
· .
·:
pm-10:00 Jjm: .· · . _. ·' ·_. · ·. . ·· · · · · .. P: 1 ·,370.26' .
·: [(30°(0·x holiday wage ·per hour).+ .hoiiday·wage pe·r
· hour] x.no.~ of OT . hours·
. · .. ' · \
. ,·
P338

(2019 Handbook on Worf{ers.'. ~tatutory Mon~tary

Benefits;p.2.1). ·

• 201s-sAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR C:>PERAi'1qNs ·1 49

 4Wi6 Pl hi# II
5994 e •·
LABOR ST AN·DARDS .
. S~N BE:DJJ: LAWCEN°TRALIZEDBAR OfERAT/ONS - MEMORY AID"2019
iriNMA¥1¥1W. bJWSla;&tWi WWIN
· 6:. _Double Holi~ay . .. . . 5:QO PM ,-1Q:OO PM
. [Double . holiday wage rate (300%) + 30% of . Apr_il 9. . .
;, Double holldeywaqerate] (Araw ng Kaqitinqan & at
the · same ·. time Good
·Not~: If the employee reported for work .durjnq ,..Friday) · .. · . · ·.
double· regular h_oliday, _be ts entiU.ed to at least.
300%.·of hfs d.aily rate which is the total of 2QO%
hoHday,pay plus 100"/o,of the daily rate (Manva/ . -Computation: I

·· on Labor Standards,.(2004)). · Step -1: Deduct the COLA . !•

Minimum Wage minus COLA '
P 537 - P10 = P-527 · . . :
p ati~·, . ·.:. Step 2: Get hourly wag·e rate.'
· · · ·, · .. D<;1ity· Basic ·. Wage divided .. by. number· of ~ouri, ·.
·a:ob,Aivf_:·5:'6o·PM worked rnultiplied byrestday.S legal holiday .. wage
liriclu~Lve:o{J hour meal 'rate. · · · - ·· · . ·· ·. . ·
b~e~~) .. :< .".. . .. . ,· +,8
:'{P527 hoµrs) x 300% ·s P_f.97.'63.
's.oo PM '""':' 1'0:00-·~M "step·. 3: ."comp~je wage between ·8:00am-9:00 pm
AJ?ril.~··. · .· .. ·. · .• . u~ing special holiday wage rate.i ; . · ....
(Ara~ ng·Kc1gitir:igan:&;~ :,,;-,=c-..:.~a-..oours '>< P197.6~ ::::.:Pt;'581· · · . · ·. : . · .· ·

Friday) · · ti »: · ~\
the · same, tim{fft1~6'"'ood 1ur - · 12, ~"""'-:,.___ . ·, . ·,_ . , .. · , · : . ; · ·
1.st~p ~': .1;;.omp.ule. OT Premium Pay between 5:00
.,

. ~ 111 .. t - t' . ·= ·:

S~:0 ~~ cie~ohn~urly wage rate.·

·

J_h.
• .'J/;,:s==~r&~~,:~~Qljday 'wa~e -~r ~our} +. doubl~
~ er'·· ur =x no .. ~t°.T.hours ·.
~~f>·-~ ,,,.....,.~__.,,==;:1j:-":'=holida . .
. Daily Basic Wage. divided ·- ,~Yr~qip_9lr.. ·/J. hour[Sl . • ·P·256.92 . .
· w~rked m~ltiplfed by. re~t ~a''f s leg~fho!1ty· wage-_ '--.......... _;..:...~'~..,.....c.......,-;..,i
rate.. . . ,·· .f' ~ · 1 r-- . . t .
(PBQO. +. 8 hoyrs)_ ?< 3_~0%_ = fJ,e!;-{t . , ' . '-<-~;'." . . .s-hou·~s . . .

.
2;.
Ste; Co~put~ _·w~ge. b~~~~rl ·~:CiOam:"~:00.~~\lI(:
·using spe~1a1 noirctay wage ·1x1~ ~ r~.,fL....t ;>-.-r:-....:.
I} hours. >< :~3.00 ':'. P2,_400 .. \ f' f')\ . . "~~'\.
. . ·.
ro,'/ . . .l
\~~,~ \k .. ~; ...~'\..~'---~
.il.
;i·;
>¢"'
4 •.

. Stea 3: Compute OT ·Premi~!TI Pay'{Jetw~q,'5::0"~ . , .

· pm:..1 o:oo pm. · __ .· \'- · · \ . ~v~,J~>"
[(39% · X'"'~ou_bl':. holiday-wa_ge R'(lr ho\Jt}\t:·c{~~':'ffit,.T'i
h9h~ay-wag~ p_er .hour] x_ n_o.. of· <?J\.tiours?~~~- ,_ ..::
'P.;390:: ._.·,.~~\-~Ul:.;~
-5 houri·.. . ·.. ,~~,·.·
. ..
l ~!;t: ;1'9'~Hflndbook~n Workets' Statutory..'M(?i1.e1ary
. _Benefits,·p. 21).- · . · . .. ·. . . ., : -
., . . . '· ..
· .ARTICLE· -88:· ·. UNDER.TIME .NOT · OF.FSET. BY-
. .· ... . •. . ·.;,_ .. ·.. .
OVERTiME'. •. . . . . ....
· Step 4: Compute th,ifolaf-y,(ag,e~ame_d
. . .. . . ·. .;,''......,...:•'""-''-,;-----~---,-,
Offsetting. o( ul'ldertime work by '.civertime . work
.whe.th"er"on)he sam·~ or ahy oth~t da}i i~: prqhibited
.ft2,400·· by-law (LABOR CODE', Art.. 88)... · - .. · ··... . .

P1;~sp;. Pe~iss1ci.n· given ·to -the erripi~ye~ to go on reave on

\ . . some 'other :day of ttie we"ek:.shalt hot "ex~mpt. the ..
· employer from paying _th¢. additional ·compensation·
(LABOR C(>DE1· Art: 88)°; . . : . · , ... ; . .. . : ;

·' Re"a~on: -The urid_ertim~ hours· r.1;i°present -qnly ttie

Give·n 6.B: .·. e.mploye1:3•s . tiou'rly rate :of pay. while ·.the overtime ..
hours reflect .bofli the _employei3'$:.hot.idyrate of pay
"a:·oo AM :..:. 5:00 PM
. ·and the apptopriate overtime pi;emium.s_uch"th~t. rrot
being ofe·qual value, offsetting the undert.ime hours
(inclus1ve of 1 tiour meal ·
break) · ."against "the overtime hour&, would. result in uhdlie
·deprivation of the employee's :overtime· ·premium ·
\ • I • • , • ~ •

·50 I 2019SAN SEDA 1:.AWCENTRALIZED BA.R OPERATIONS

 LAB.O.R· S:TAN.DARDS
SAN BEOA LAW CENT.RALIZED-BARO,PE8ATION5- M£MOR¥AID 2019 . . .
iiMiiHl'iWii MP) SM+ iffil&i • AG !p ue' •+WiN>at *'''*'!D»
· .(NWSA v. NWSA' Consolidated· Unions,· G.R. No.
18939, AugU~t31, 1964).

~.-t· . The proper

. . . ' -sflouid be . to . ~deduct . the
method
.I WEEKLYR~siPERIOD I
J;, und~rtrme from_the accrued leave, if' a!ly, put pay the CHAPTER-II:' ~iiEkL y REST PERICO .
{~ .:.,~mployee .ttie overtime pay to wh)ch he -is ent_iUed.
~ ··This ·ri'lethod also obviates. the irr~glllar schedule . ART-ICLE.,91: RIGHT TO A WEEKLY REST DAY
p{·:. t~at
. would resuit If. the' .overtime
. . sho4Jd'
. be .set oft'. · ·Duration: · · Nbt le~ than ·twenty-four·· (24)
: ~;- · against the. undertlme for thaf would .pl~c~ . the · · consecutive hours. after .every six (6) consecutive
.i.t, · schedule ··for worl(ing hQI.JrS dependent· ·.on the norrrial work d~ys (Ul.BOR CODE, Arl. 91) ..
·l_. . em.ploye~'(NWSA v, NWSA Co11so/iqated.Unions, .
G..R. No. V1893B;·August 3_1, 15!64). ·· ·, . . . · Note: · All establishments and- .~'hterprjses may
··op~rafe' or open··. for,- busir19ss on Su1idc;1ys and
ARTici...e a9: EllilERGeNcY °'~vERTIM E woR.K . . · ,. : .holidays pjo.v~ded-that t!ie employees are, given the'
Ge·neral .Rule: ·Emplnyees cannot be c.oi:ripelled to w,eekly rei,t .day and thi:i' beneffts pr_ovided.under the •
render ·overtime. »'orK .against th~ir':wiif.'(1 . CHAN,.: law:(JRR_ ofLABOR.CODE; Book. II/, 'Rule /JI, Sec.
. 2). . , . . . . .
supr.aat .,120).· · ·
;rf; . .
Jf: ·
·exceptions: (W2-PULP) . . -·- · ·wh9·Determines,Weekly Rest Days .
f 1. jn times. of : War o_r. any _national or. local_.,,;,.,..) The employer determines and. schedules the wee.kly
· em:erg.ency :~-eclare_d by _the·. Cof')wess. or: ·m.~·7)J rest period _subject t(? t_h~ following: . ,
.. Chief ~e~ut1ve; ·. .. : · . .·. · . . . . - (.;,-,,-{/t);~ 1: . Coliectlve barga1~1ng ~gr.eement; . · · .
2.. Whe_n. _,l' rs nec:ssary to ~v~rl ~f . f~v?r~~bf\ :.;.,_~ 2. Rules_ and requlations-lssued by the Secr.etary of
· Weather or environmental ·· condltlons -wH,ri:e~\.{°;,,,:"_.....~Labor~.a_n..9.. · '. . · .
p~_rfotrr:iante or quality 'of work ls' de~Jnde"U;1:Wir;~r~.~W.J?l~1~~!s preference b~sed. on r~ligious _.
sl,: '. thereon; ·· : · . . · . '.,,.~~ ·. ~J ·ti ·. · · grounas-f0BOR CODE, Act. 91 (bj). . · .
~ . 3. When_ work is necessary to·preseij'r~_eerishablfY-.-,;:-,., · '. . · · · lfQ{'t · · . .
~·- · g~o_ds;. ·. ·. · . . .. : · · . ·.~':;.ff:-· . E-!Y ·1~ The ~WP}px~r shall· r~spee;t. the preference of
ft. · 4 .. Whe.r:i there rs Y,rgent work-neeg~~r.ri~ll:lfrne~. t:1.. emplc~ye~p .1f_to therr .weekly rest .. ~ay ~hen
f
ff :
: and equipment; .: :. ;;.:.;;;, . ·, -!'~ ·. ~. ·
5. To prevent bo.ss or.·damfl'9,e. .._to life1to~ -property~_. "~
rt~ s.uc~pre~fren~~ is based on religious grouods
(LA,t;10R-tOD~lArt. 91(b)). . ,
f.:· · · due to emergencies:and'f~0emaJe~'111d~.....: .· r,'f · ';:;l"·~;.;.;.:~7~;;';,:."?.::'· · . · · · ·
f~ . 6 .. :r~i 'pre~ent serious -6~s.truGtii:m qr,.:~..:~tud1ce~~ _: ,-::) ... _No°'(~,i~H~

~ . · . , . . · . . . :· .· .· · :.
preterence .:.Vu1 prejudice t~e.
Ii:.·
t· ·,
: the busmess:ornperat1ons·ofil'I~:..~Jtir:ilqy.er (!R}t J':/ · · business operations-of the. employer _ahd no ·
pf·tht:: LABOR'CODE, Book:/_//~'Ryle 11 S~~- 1(1): ·· · \),••,·:-~oth.~r r.eme~iat····rr:itiaswe~ are ~vailabl~. the
\~~;J·:· · '.__ ,1,~~~t·"~\»1~,~!!Y.~e~t perio.d ":c3Y: ~e. s.chedulE:d to"meet.

I'.:-. .
if' -
.,, .
;
gl ~-
(i·. ·
_Not~:. In tl:)e ~vent tha~ any -?f fhe e1~t'Limsta~~·-.-·....:,u:.~the!L"ecr¥.IQ_Y~e·schoice. for' a~ lea.i;t .2 days·: a .
e!)1,1me~ated /n .t~e laVI e~1~ts. :,an~th_etoc~er.
·refuses ~o perform _em:ergency.. oy_e~~eBVork;
the empl'oyer . may· validly · · terminate· his . .
~mploymi,lr-it bi'l·th~'grbui'ld ofJns.ubord,naJion,_or : :
·... moi;i_th(l~R .of LABOR. CODE, Book Ill; Rule Ill, ·. ·
_· . Ses. 1): -·
. : ·
.· °ARtlC-t,E:9~: WH.eN :EMPl:.OYER M~Y:REQUiR~
· .,.. ,

!
yvillful disobetlience ·by ·the 'em~Joyee. of. ·!he~. ... -WORK ONiREST DAY ·
·.. '.lawful· Order·of his employer in connection with . 'G.eneral 'Rillil:'0The· employer' m~y nqt re~~ir~ ttie
···. . his work ·provjded .undet'..Art. 288 qf the Labor, .. _. ·.. · em'ployees'· to w..ork ·on ~ rest d~y (/RR of LAf30R .
~1. · ·· Cbde.(1 CHAN, supra.af121):· . · · · ·
~·: ·. ... . ... · ',·.. . ...
· · CODE,-~kJ/1;f?u/a'III, Sec.: 6;par._'.1)..
. ·.· .. l . ' . . . ·. : ......
·
~c~\. . . . ,ARTICLE-'90, ·.cOMP.OTATION oi= ADPmONAL · . .- .. ~c;ept_j6n.s:..(UP-A2NAC)-: . :_ · . . . : ·. _;.
t,. ·
t;, .
. co~PENSATIO_N - :_ · .. .,:. ·.. _ . . . . ... ·. f.. In cas.~s of Y,rgent work·to be:performed on the
R~gu!'ar-Wage sl;l,;ill include cash. wage only; without niachine_ry; equipment, or' ir1$tallatiori; .. , ..
~. a·edu.ctio'n·oh 'account. of- faciiltie's. provicfed ·by ..the: ~- t.of.reventloss'.or d_amag~ to perjsh.atile goods; ..
r·
u eniploye,r; :fod~urpo~es of comp_uting'OT and other- . 3 .. lrt ·.~se q_( ~ctual ·W: im'pe_ndirig ·emergen·cies
i='F'·.:. .· additionaf remurierations . ',in Chapter I ·(LABOR . . . caused by force rr,afeur~_to.'pre\lenf loss 'of life_
g. ·. d'OD,E,·A,:t. 9.0). .' . ' . ' arid pr:oi:ie~. :or :'imminent dan9~r.· 10· public
i·; . -safety;·. · ·. . .. · .
ff:·
,. . N~te: This proxisiOn.sh~u!d be_-cl.~~·fl~dor n,.odifie(!. ·4_ When· it is necessary . to -Avail of favorable
. Th~ "regular.wage" Includes fhe- cash Wage plus the . weath~r di-· environmental .-c;ondition~. ·.:.vhere.
r_'. : value of facilities. Regular :wage fs Uierefore bigger p~rformc;1n·ce or quality' of W'?'rk is . dependent
thereon- ·· · · ·, -
: \h~n cash Wage, Th.a O_T rat!:3 should ·be. based on_
~ , the regular wage.~ cast:i. plus valY.e .o{ ·fi'lcil)ties ), f)Ot 5 .... Where \tie -·~atute. · of ·. the work· :-requires·
t:.
. continuous operat_io'ns and' the stoppage of wo.rk
ir
· on the. cash W'.3ge only (1 .Azl..!r:;ena,-p. 224).· · . . . : ... ~ .· . . . .. . .
.· ..
;•

.2019
. SAN
. . .SEDA.LAW
. . CENTRAUZED BAR.OP.ERATIONS
. . .
51
 LA.BOR STANl~J.Aft()S._
'SAN BEOA 0WC£NTRALIZEO.BAR OPERATIONS.- MEMORY AID 2019 . .
MM MAM Nftllte A 46 A ; ,w e1+wjcaa1w MAM'

may result- in 'irreparable injury or .loss to me

. 6.
employer; . .
ln the event of Abnormal 'pressure of work due
· · . . · . . . _.... 1.. -~-----:H_._o_i_in_A_Y
. .-.P_A_Y_' · 1,
to special pircurn.stances, wh.ere the employer
·. cannot ordinarily be expected. to resort to other CHAPTER in.
HOLIDAYS, SERVICE. INCENTIVE.
measures: and . . . ·.. . . ·. LEAVES; AND. SERVICE CHARGES ·.
,·
7. Under. other ~ircurristaft"ces analogous .to the
foregoing' as determined: by. the Secretary of . ARTICL:.E.94: RIGHT TO H()LIDAY.PAY
. Labor (/Rf? qf LABOR CODE;· Book ~II, Rule /~/, ' Hofid·ay -Pay refers to "the payment qf the · regLJlar
Sec. ·q,· par,-1). · · · · · daily wage for any unworke.cj regular holiday (20.19
. .· ) . . . Handb°ookon Wqrker.s' StatutoryMonetary.~et:tefits,
Note: The failure to work ·du~ing an-employee's rest :". . p. 1.2)_: . . ' . ' ·.
day does not ·Justify the -cJiscipl_iriary sancfion bf
· outright dismlssal _from employmentas 'such- is so·. Note;·1n addition to the excepnons.proetded in Art:
severe a -consequence, more so -wheA :ju_stif!~bie .. · si; Holiday" Pay does. not. apply to. employees '.of
gmunds exist .far· . the : said. , failure · _:(R_emerco . retail' and · service establishments re_gulariy .
. Gi'!iments Manufacturing v.. Minister:' of L'E!por & _employing less than 10 .workers (/RR of LABOR
employment, G.8, Nos. L-5_6176-77, February 28, · · CODE, Book Ill, Rate IV,. Sec. _1).. ·. · .. · ·
19!35). . . ..... · .. - _·. 4
•• "; ..., .... • ~~~.. • • • • • '. • •

. . ·· . . · · ~ . .' -~;:?'""'-= 1r . ,-
·Re°ii)ren;To prevent diminution of the ·monthly
, When an employee-vonmteers to_ WO_!..)s,.:ffn h\~{est. t) l~fP"}~
J~t<1:Jhe-· workers. on · account o_f ·. wo~k
. day under other ctrcurnstances, he :ma}(l5e:,a!io~~~....:o....-=JD,te~pt1~n~· r~other words, althouqh. the worker rs
. to do so, provlded Ile· expre,ss~i".,,suci\,apii'Ei' in . f~~d.S<?!ta~~.~~t.he earns what he !>tiould earn,
writing a_.nd __he Is 'pald ~he addiJ;i6~at·'-.. '!J;iP':ns..ation......~~at~;_h1s~1!i_d~Y,;R£lY (JoseRizaf~olle_ge v, NLRC
for working on hisrestday (1$.~,--A~O~ODli,.. ~,pd .Y- N'.1TU-~r·f~:t·No._
L-65482, December 1,
Book /II, Rule ·111, see: 6, par. 1.~). _·._, · _'.,{' '. H ... · .Ir'· 1(9.87): l 4~.:
.\,tl · · \ . · · · . : · · .. · ·
· if · /I . ~ .· · . · . . .. ;>; i{ 0 \
• • 1 .· .
-~~TICLE ?3: COMPE~SAJ1Qlf:F6R R~~ro, ·• . _J:-tist..:.of~eQUlar\tI~:!i~1l~S ~~o. 292 as a_;,,endecf by
. -: SUNDAY,()~ HOtJDAY.wpifK....-H- · : .- .., \.-··--~~---~ tc-:R~f?49'2,.. 1r·=-- M :- , ·: . · . · · .. :"· ...
_Wtiere" arfem_ployEre is.h,a~e~~-11.nitte_d tqwork~~·o Ne1Ye~r's·fP'.EIY~JA3nuary 1; .. ·. . . . .
. a .r~~~ day,· su_nday:--·ar- a}fo~iQ.~ ;·}t'f~llo"'!ilJ~~-t:'2. _M~ei~ifhtJ~daY:"1/m·ovable~date;··. ··.· ' =

a~d1t10.n,;1I Gor.np-ensati_on sh-:1!11~

· · .. . . . . · . '<'f,' ·. '\.:'.
·!fh ~~'t"'\ \fW f ~~·
·:C\J~'\'.~' ~r , i. -
:,;1tOffidat:"'.'~~e-V~b!edate; · ·
it,'17.:, F,tf&' g Kjg1tmga - Monday.nearest"April 9;
. ·

Premium- Pay on R~s~ DayfiSunda\(or _ruwa· ,,1£1.:...;;; . ~17/_,(~-r .0-<!.f-:"'.M\:in ay_ nea_rest.May 1;- ··
. . ·· :· · .. . . ,. . ~·£~~ epe.!)6ence-_D, y.:.. Mon"d~y nearest June-12:
'I : . .. . . . • : • . : . ~-. : . •, r-.:;'1>..\'1: ~-atig;;(a_l.Heroel Dc:i~ ~ Last Mond~y of ~ugust; ..
Work on_ :-a···:'schec!l,,iled. ·30%·~n~uj~i;p"i;va,g~,.2 . 1.bi'I ~~!Yfa~,~~?.Mond~.Y neare.st.Nover_nbet:30~
resrctay · ·. . · . '. · · ,-.;e_1~ ... ·."P--.:-==""'~·- ·q~:tr§;ttn~JA:Jay:pe~~mber25; .. · .. :. ·.
·· · • · · . · . . · . . .•.;.,_ · . • . 'i\: fl J~~~~t~-.i~p.ay.-:f\:1onday.neare~!Pecember30; ·,·
No regurar ,workdays ·30% ot regulijr Wa~ or . · l\, i.Ll'ft-.':r·Gid'('l=itr - movable date·. · · ,. ·
and 00 ·specific r~st days ~~rk-_ ·.. 'peni;rrmett·.:.~()Ii'."""':=~~ff.~Eic:f!/. Adha' .- movable ate . (E.0. -292 -as a
.. . . ·· ·: ·: . . . · Sl!nda-ys ,and,·.hbfidays . · .. amended).·: . · . -
. . \ . . . . . ~. . .. , . . ,· . •;.

Wprk on.Suridays wh.en_ ~0.%, Of·r§lgylar "".age.. . ~~te; The prociamatip~s· cieclarihg·~ational holidays"
. ~0-_iys his established.rest·:. ··. · .. · · · · · · for·the:obseniance of.Eid'! Fitr_a.nd Eid'i.Adha.'sbarr·
--~-~-'-----'-+-"'-"·"-'~:-;......,_. ........._ . _hereafter~be issued :aflE;i"r:i_he approxima't"e date~ "or .
, . WoFK oh spe~ial holiday· ~0%• o(re!"gulai'-wage "the, ,l_sli:lm1c. holid~y~ h~v~ ·been·, determineq · :in
accordance wf~ .the Islamic C;alenda.r. (HIJr~; or .th¢
Wo;k on spec\al ·hqliday ·5Q%: of r~g-\jl~;wag~_ l4nar· ; calendar; .or upon . Islamic : a·stronomi~I
falling. on scheduled rest · . · ·· · · calc~l~tio~s;whlchever is·possible or: con11.enient. To.
day · this ·eni;l,_ tl')e ·,National Commission. on:. Muslim. ·
.yYo"rk qri .reguJar hoOd_ay 260%.'qf-regul~r wa·gs _F.illpinos (NC1y1F) . stwll inform th.e·.. dffjce of the
_ ·• falling on sclie.duled rest · . . . · Presfder:it .on which day the holii;laY,_strall·fall·(Proc .
. day . . . . '. · ·' No. 459,··sec. 2): .. ·, . · ..
·(LABOR CODE,-i',rt. 93); . .. The d!:lte s~d~r:lhe h_olding·.ot a· regl!lar-ii~ffonai ·
•. ·: . _:· . . : election is.a holiday. Henc;e, holiqay pay sl)ould be
Note:· The employee shall be ·entitled to ·adi;litional.. ··. . , paiq by employer (Assoclated tab9j. . Unions v..
. comper)sati<:>n on· . SundaY. .only when .it .. \s his Le/rondo-Montejo,G.R. No. 11-1988; October.. 14, .
es~~?lishe,d rest _day (LABOR-CO~E,-Art.9;3): . _1994)... · · ·
-.
52 I." 2ois SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED _BAR OPERATIONS
 .·a..~
·
LABOR STAN.DARD'S
,:t- ·SAN·BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OP.ERATIONS.- MEMOllv°AtD2019
-~~ Dlbiii & -&W1,IM ·· · Mess · Wi!MMBE&
~.:, .
~{ - 1\/luslim.Holid.ays Additional Compensati9n for Work on. a Rest
f·· P .0. No: .1083 as· amended; recoqnizes the 4: Musiirn Day,· Sunday or Holiday· ·
r;:... holidays, namelyi · ·1 .. As ·i,i g~neraJ.rule, for the company with a 6-_day.
~f' .'
':\'; .
1.' Amun Jeata {New Year), which falls on the 1· st
day of the lunar month· of Muhl!:liam; , :
. · workinq'schedulevthe-dlvlsor 314 days in a year
. already me.ans that the legal .. holidays . are · ·
}-·. 2. Mau/id .. un-Nebi ·. (Birthday of the Prophet · included in. the · monthly pay of the employee. ·
f . · · Muhammad), which falls on the 121h day of the · The dlvlsor. is arrived : at by· subtracting . all
. 3rd lunar month of Rabi-ul AW"-'al; . . . Sundays from the total number of caiendar days.
3. LatlatutIsra VI/al Miraj .(Noct!Jrnar Journey and in a 'year (Producers Sank.of the PHL·v. Nl:..RC,
the Ascension. of. the -,Prophet Muhammad), G.R. No. ·100701, March 28; 2001). . . ·. · -
wliich'·{~lls on the 271h~y of the-7.lh lunar month 2.. A.s .a gene'ral· rule for-a company. with a 5-day
. of.Rajab;· . .. . _ working schedule', 'tl:le dlvisor -261 means. that ..

·.:'
'4: '.ld:-ul-Fitr'(Hati Raya 'Pausa), wl\ich falls on the the holiday pay ls. already . inc;fuded · in the ·.
. fi.r-st day ·of the ·re.nth. lunar month .of Shawwal, monthly salary of. the employee . (We/linglbn
f . .. commemorating the end of the fastinp -season: investment and· Manufa.cturing.Corp v.. trajano:
j' . · · and . · . . . · G.R .. No.·1.14f598, July 3, ··1995):·
5. :. 'ld-;t.JI-Adh~ (Har! Raja H~ji), wh!cti falls. o~ .t~e· · · · · · ·

i~'·. -
·. ·· .tEmtt:i day otthe twelfth lunar·month of·Dhu al- .. Rut~ on Ho.Hd·ay Pay of Teachlnq Personnel.Paid ..
·· Hijja·. · · · », . Per Lecture Hour · . · .· . · .
~· .. · . · ;./''- For facultymembers paid by the hour by virtue.
1 . .'N~t~: Nos. 1-3. are holidays· observed .<;mly /J.~l.. /)( of tHeir teaching·contracts: .. ·
l~- Mihda_nao~whereas 4 ~nd 5 a_r:e.National 'Ho~idar,~.·'·U,·.;'; ;\ • 1. They are .Nc?'.rentitle'd_to p;:iyi:neAt ?f. holiday P.ay
tr . · . . . : · . ·f :(i·f, ... , , , 't
f.(· T}).er~· m~st}~e::no·di:,,Un.ction petween Mu~iims}pA·,·.,:;".'.-~.-r-..,do~e. Sjr.i~e regular h~lidaxs·are ~nown to both
be·ca\Jse. they: are . p.a1d 9.nly. ·for work_ actually

I nc,n~Mush!)1s with r~ga~d·to payry1ent .of l;>en~fi~·Jqfr ·n-•;.::......2~.'!~!1,9pt1~u:iy-t~cultym~mbers

Mµslim ·Holidays;· wages .and other emotum~nfsare\.;/ rj ·. : ce'H~inly:r·th1f latter .do ·not expe~t payment for
/· . laid do.;yn.?Y ·law and .iJqt based on.-r~.il~:at reiigi?Qb.~.i
v:··· (San M1gu?I Corp: v. qA, GR No.. 14.i~q\_Jan~':9."";.i-'-'I:\:· ·rnmd~1~pJit tl'!ey · eritered ·into· the :teach1,rrg.
as. "no class days";

s~id unw~fl<eddays; and. this ~as.clearly.ln.t~eir'

i(,•
..,
·-30, 200,2J.. · .. ·..
.--
·· ·
.
·
• .
.

ik R~le on C~mpe"!sabili!Y:·., (f,-1· ·· t:;:-~· · . • ·,,

et
I~
. .-r~ yf;:-,·-,,~ ·
:. ,::.:.,,.
• .

.Employee .1s ~11t1tled ~o at l~.'l'J:>f 400.o/~of)h1sll:)~r. . ;•J

1..r~:r;,.
..., •.

I
\.~·l
, f:.J.·
. 11~· ·
ia.."::i, I ·J
. ·contr~itsi{Jo«~Rtz.a/.Collegev..~kRC, (J.R No.
65482 tJ '
D~cember.1
2 .. T~~Y arEJ1_~-?~~er,
.. _\\ • • I
1987• I
1• . , ·... • · ·
e·ntitled to·. th~ir re_gylar
tro~·~.[i~.!3,.0a·~.~y.sdeclared as special hohdays
1tk· min.imum ~ag.~ r~te even ·if he/s~~..di<jl;F,10J:rc~ort~f~~· .:·.. ·or y,iheQ:·_~_@;ses.are CF1lled o~ or- ~hortened on
~;. "y,1ork•. P.~o.vfded he/~he' is p~es,E:ni~Q§:Ontt1~ve <l . '.V account ·oflyphO:ons, fl<>?ds, ratne.~; !=!Ad the like
t· ·.~esem,c~ ..Ylth·: pay· <?I"! 1h~. work d~y imm;~piately · t~.1;·;,--0;~·,beca.usethe faculty.member,. althoug~ for9ed ~o

r. .
!i;
Ii-; .
.prec~.ding the holfday (2019 Handbook:r,Jnj}J1f(!rkers',...,.,/,::,·<>':~~!W.-~
.Statutory t:1-~neta.ry,Sf3n~[its•. p. 13) ..
• • .
fi(
. ,..:r. ·:(''. . .
rest, does I\O.t earn >,yhat he should earn
:.A:::;f:!.J-·.~~~~·tl)at:?dayJJos~.R!zal College. v.· f!LRS G.R.
Nq. 65482, D~cember1, 1987): . .
~: : . . Not'e:-,Legal holiday falling ·on· a· Sund~¥:_fq6es·not. · ·· · · , · ·. . · · · ·· , \
t. create. ar, ·additfoi:iaf."w.orkday nor areate~legal. · H.oli~ay Pay ofCertain..Empl6y.ees . . . . .
rs . Qblfgati.on :for the ernplqyer to pay-extra, ~side from 1: . Wh1;1re the CO\'.ered E!~p1oyee IS paid .on-· plec~
t~.:.:. ·-the··usiiai .holiday pay to)ts·m.ol'!tiily-pald employ~es rate basis, his!J1er. holic;la~ pay. sn·aJI ·not be le~{>·
If ·. (WeflingtonJnveslment · arid Manufacturing Corp v. . than,his./hei-av:erage daily eaqiings·tor the last ?.·
['. Tr~j;!lno;·<;ik:No.'ft469.f3.Jtily3, 1995). . ·. ,actua.i work oays·precedirig .. the re·gular"holidlly;- .
~·
t:;.
~
: · ·
WorJ(.·. perf<;>rmed b~: ·
that. day' tn~rits. at· 1east
(200%} th~ :daily' ~a.ge . of· tlie emp!pyee (2019 ·
·
twice
provided, however.;. that ·111- i:io .. c:ase ·~hall. the ··
holiday ·pay-be.leS:fthan the applicabl~ .s!atutory ·
·mi.nirnum "{°agerate. .. . . . · · ...
t ·. ·. Handbookpn Wqrkers'Statutory MonetaryBenefits, · ·2: Seasoni:i.l work~rs may not b·e:paid the r~quii-ed
1( • j:,; '13),. ' . . . .. hol.iday p'ay during off season.when·they'l:(re'not
t,'. ' ' . . . - .at wor:k. . . . . ... : .. . . :.
( .. -Holfday Pay 'of Monthly .Paid Emp.loye~s ·. . 3. · Wcikers who. c;Jo ·not have.regul!=lr-working d1:1ys.
t~ The· : divisor.· aisumes: ·an · importa~t. 'ro.1e· in·.,· , . ·such as stevedores, ·shall be· entitrea to this
t~· ·.de.termining wh~thei- or not holiday· pay _is.'·already . . ben~fit (2019 Handbook orl' Workers' Statutory
t · included· i.n the.rnoht.hJy paid ei:oploye~;~.salary . .The . Benents·p. 15). '. ' ..
t u·se of. 314· as a divisor leads· to· the· inevitable
f.· · o
con'cll.lsion ~at the 1 legal 'holidays :arei ~)ready
;:, . include~ therein (Producers [;!ailk. of-the PHL v:
'-' NJ..:RC, .G:R, No. 10070'1, Mai'ch28, 2001); ·
r- ·.
¥'

..
2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS .( 53
 MW WM-···.-
.. SM WE¥8 'Wittewes;cs;s

LABO·R· sT AN DA RDS
f!AR OPE(MTIONS ~'MEMORY A/0 2019
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALJZ~D :: .
,. a•usu:1w11mu121wm»•mel!WW:1C«:ll ow11111111Elisln:aawmslE!lls+ll!! ..Ulmwmi,MWMira.111.1:ri.>aa:1-1rrv11m;&sm&111111.mevz#lifHJW121-~·.~~!llB:1.
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Formula to Compute.Wages 'on Holidays (Labor effectivity qf the .Code (/RR of Labor Code, Book
. Aayisory No. 10, (2017) · · · . · · · Ill, Rule Ill, ·sec. 8).'
1. For regular holidays, the following· rules shall
apply: · · List .of Spec'ial Days
: a.' During employee's regular workday . . · .1. National
i. If unworked - (Daily rate · + Cost. of · '. a. All Saint's Day~ 'Novernber 1 · ·
Living Allowance) x 100% · . b, Last Day of the Year- December :34
ii. · If worked., . . .. . . .. . c. , NiiloYAquino Day - Monday nearest August
1) · 1•1 8 hrs. - .. (Paily rate + COLA) x . 21 (R.A..No. 9492, July 25, .2007):
200% . . · · · · ,· · :. ·. d. .Other days declared by law .
2) Excess·of 8 hrs. - (Hourfvrateof the 2. · Local · i · .
· · basic d.aily. wa·ge.x 200%. x ·130o/o x Those d~'~lat,ectbylawor brdinance:(e·.g. Makati
. . number' of hours worked:) .: . Day.for Makati City only) '. ·
b. .During employeets' rest· day. .· . .,t. .. . . · · .· 1 . , • · : . .

i. If unworked r: (Dally .rate + COLA) .x . Note_: Holidays, except those wtiich are religious
100% · ·· · .;.in -nature, arernoved to the__ nearest Mo_nday,
Ii. ·.If worked; . : unless . otherwise modified · by. Jaw, order or
.1.. 1 •1 a_, hrs. - [(Daily- rate .+ Cb LA) x ~· proclamation (RA: No. 9492 or. the f:{olida'y
..... . 200%] +.(30o/~· (Dally.rate ·"''fOe_o/'?)k:::=-'":"'"r..== Economics Lew). · .
2. Exc~ss,~f 8 hrs:..,_ (Hourly f_p.t&"~f~bey t " ~·-~~<. . . .. · · •.· ·
_bas~cdaily wag.e_x 20~...%'':!
130 Yox number of hdllr:f"wof~5!'~-==,,-
11ir~·-~ ·l.J ·.J\I:
?Re.9~i~r H,olid~y.v, Special tfoliday: .
, .... ,;...,,,, ·,:,r,, • , · ,~·~ ~'v::~,:,·
. 'A~~- ~~- . ·. . . • •• :.: ""•:. :.I • • ·".,· ..~
2. ~6~~~~~q~¥~·p;~~~1i:ia~~~~~~~o\!f;.~~~~~i;b.~~~r~.?:1t~;~~~J~ t~ :Nowork,06 pa;_. ··°' :·
, · Natton~l.·':iohday, .~nd nafonwl'<:J9J~pec,.1aldays, -~ , ertain iond'ltdns.~'\, . · · ·. .
the following rulesshall ipply: /! . . rl R\,f'~ ·· · ,, · ' . · ·
'a . .If uni.vorked -.No/.'i:>'aVAitiless-fu'ere-lS:-a-']oor"'ttmite-11.to 't:t e · ,\2 Not exclt:Jsive since a
· ··.. · favor.able_. ·compan}..d.p0Jil¥, prp\:ticilF~9r_7i if.- ·E@Jtner ·t~il . r'I '\by.%~'t~e
·law or ordinance m~y
.. · . colle~tive · ba,:gainiJ1g_. ..ag1ee1J1en!( (~.~~.,., .~b9r .' ode'·a.r-i"' ispe}i~I pro~ide f<;>r oth,~r' ,speci~I
. grant1.ng payment of\wab~$.\t<?n.sp ": !f IJ:lays ~"::i:t-'-!1.1.w., l~w.s. J]"i:?;J . . . . · ij holidays. · . · . - :
. . . ev~n ,t.unworked ·\\'" ,0.1~ ~A\;;;;·., t'P :1 1·~ · ate.11~~ 00°11 •"'.'i.~t~ ·R t; '·· · ·.130· 01 · f 'th·
. ·. b .. ·.lf.work.ed ·,. · x \...JJ, >? \. ~.£)~· .• Jft:i.. Ji.' 5.,. -r ..r,.,:~· . t/ Q.'1. _e . :a~ (S_ .• '!' o_. e
·!:· .-1••8 h'Fs. -.(D?ily~ate x_.1'3~%) <5!.~~~ .
~JJ.eg" -~ft.'te'.~tor1<e.~f. . regular wage ,f"':'ork_ed.
11.. l;:xc~ss·.~f _8 hrs .. \ (Hourly~~ate ,~c:t. e,,,. ./~ ~Z CEN,./,.s~u.ra t 2.7.2-273)._ . . .·
. · basu;; da1ty wage·~ 130% ..x, 13 °~t)() ~ ~ dfl'. · ··: . ·... · ,. · .. .
,,:1µrnberof hours wor~\g_} ·'):,"" ~J~o~,.-~'·.H'?.Yda~.~Y (1.e. Ara"!" ng _Ka91tingan and
.c, F~lllng ~>n tb~f-el'!'lployee's't.e~t~~Jya~if.:::;-~:a:.,=p3~·
. ,YJorked. .. · · .. -iJJ '~'ln, T f ·
o. \dai~'-·_o_n th~ s_ame day) ·

i. . _1s1.a hr~.-:" .(D1:1\IY rate x 150%~G.Q.J,A·. .l'\(:il..L~>,.a_:~tt~.e~.

'IJ·. .
si h~~ffredpe.r~~nt ~00°~11).~f.thebasic. wage
...

e~en 1f said h9l1d_~y 1s ur.iworkE3d.

· · .. ii.-: _Excess q03. hrs. ->(Hourly rate-·of. tiie'""~~ .TQ·giye,empJo_yee.onl~,1.00% Would red_uce
.... basic .. -daily·.wage x, 150%. x ·1@0% :x- . ·. . ~ _tr.i~·number of h9l\day&: (DQLE Expla.natory
mimbercif.tioursworked)'·.. . . ·.. . · Bul/.e'tirr;°1fJ~3j·A$if!nTri(nsnifssfp,:, Co_rp: _v.
·• .. : • .·.' . .. 1 .. Col!~ of;.Appeats,,G.f?. No, ·.144664, March
;3. _Fqr. those. ·declared· as speciai workiog · ·.· ·1s,.f004) ... '. '_:.···: : ·... . ·
hoH~ays,. the f9llowing rules sha·!I :apply:· . ~: . Three t,undre~· percent (309t'o) if he VfO!ked on
a;: -F9r work performed.' an emplOY!:'!!{is:entitled · · . 2. r~gular holidays fa_lling . on· the · same.. day
· · only.·to.his basic rate. · · ·:: ·. . . · ·· · . (Manual ~n.Lab_or'-Standards,.20.04); 390% if he
b. No premj1.im . pay is requifed. since work · · · · ·reported for "':'Ork on: a do.ub_le·holiday which is
pe_rfonned on said days· is c9nsjdered work, ·. · also -his re~t day, where.h~ is now. entitled to an
r.on : 6rdlnary working days. {1 AZUCENA, additional 30% ,based .on. the·· rate·of 300% ior
sqpra.at,28:4).· .. · · · . tha~ day (2919· Handbook on ..Wo;ker.s'Mqneiary
, .. Statutqiy_Bq_(le/i.t$, p._M). ·. . . .• .. : . . .
~ ·,. . .. · . . .
· N'o.te: Tt.iis a~cl~ does n9l p~ohib{a ;Upulatiqn .
in the. CSA for higher. benefits. Nothing in the . :s ingle ·H pi1~_ a y Rul~ ·. · . .
Rule shall: justify.. an. employer in. reducing the ,_Provicled _ttia~ t_he employee: . . .. · · ·
· compensatiqn. · of. his ... employees )or · the 1. WorkE1d; · ·. .
unworkeq..Sundays, holidays, or- oth~r re&t-days ·.· . · . 2. Was o,:i leave with pay; or· . . ...
· which are consid!,'!red. paid-off days·ar holidays 3. · w.as on authorized absence o'n the day prior to
· . t?Y- agreement or practice subsisting upon ·the regula~-holiday.. · · · ·
.. . . .. .. the
..

54 'I 2019 SAN SEDA LAW.CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 SI ..Wwff-8 fk?S Ab

LAB.o·R .STAN OA"F~.DS

SAN BEDA LAW CENTR,O,li'ZEDBAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID io19 . . r'zr.l'lm.,'l'lllll'.'.'il"'1
ttJi'biM, NHP! e e,eiws ' iji&Ydlifli! *'
idtHM'!fl>FWkZCM'&tee i&S#Zr!tRMI tWIMiif44¥·MMiitR'Pirc:"' ~

Not~: Employees who are on J~ave ·of absence Note: Ot.he~ise, he must work on the 1.ct holiday.to.
without pay on the· day immediately_ greceding · a be entitled to holiday 'pay' on the. 2nd ~egula'r h.oliday
regular holltlay_m,wnot b~ paid the re.qu_ired holida_y - (/RR of LA$0R COQE, Book II': Rule IV, Sec. 10).
pay if they do not.work on such regular holiday (2_0_19 .
· Handbook on ,W,orkers'·Statutory Mone!ary Benefits, . . Succ~~sive Holiday. ~ule . ,
p.-14), . . . . . , . . . ~~~
Where the day immediately pr'~ceding ·t119.h61iday is · ·
a n~:m-work day in· .tt,E,} ·_establishment 91"· ._the ...'
schedulsd r.est day .cifthe em13Joyee, he/she shall not .
·be deemed to' be
on-leave of absence ori that day;'in, Present Not worked: . Not .. Yes - Botti
whic;h ·case. he/she shal.l be ~ntltled tQ .tt-i'E(holiday · worked ·
pay if he/she ~brk-ed :on:. the· :ciay . ir:orrredfately . Absent with N9t worked N,ot : -._ · Yes-:- Both.-
preceding the.· noh~Work. day or !e~t .day Ji0.19· pay_ .. wo_rked
Handboo/5.on Workers'Statutory,Monetary Benefits,
p; 1_5).· ·. ..,. .. . . ', . . . Absent .. Not Worked· ·Not No..:. Both·
without pay . ,_; . worked
Absent . Worked Not Yes...:. But.
wlthoutpay worked· Only to The
.r ~:._.,-~!';) , Holioay. Pay
-~·,/l-1-
. . . .. (i,"i c '%(. ;,.; on Friday

[,, ht; . ,:-'';!;;1

.Regular .
Present Be.sf Day Holiqay · Yes _1;.· __J, .._ __ .....1- '-'

~--
~: Absent',\'ith,-: Res.t·o··ay"
~+-~~.,,..._-+-~.~-~ ..b,1i'-i-H··:'.-..~,/
I-----'----+-,--...,----'-.,.-_
Regular: y .5 A-!•. ;·: -, - .1,-r-:r:-~.-··.;::.·;--!.:1"'::.-
..-·;.;-...,i,•.;.:.··';;,;'·l,...
.s.:
....;.;.__ .;....
,,,.-.:.
__..
p t
Ho_···1_ida·y·. · e"'_/(/.~· ,:_,,'r)r· ·-·~ ~~~'-'-<' :;_:.. :·.~~:..,/
-ii · ' ·

I. .
~_ay~·-
..--:-·
·-· -1---~:·_·....:..·..:..··-+-.:R....:..,..._l-=--,./1:ie,,fui,:;~--- f. · SERiY,JCE.IN-CENTIVE
. . : Absent' .R. t D . egu ar ,,., ··N""".. .i -~>i r . . L 7.11"'
.:' without"l:)ay . es, . ay H~_lid_a.Y:J · J•i.' ..• -~" :,-,-1\ · . : . / f\. · · .
E~)'E. . . . .
I'

I.
·· . · : Re tJl~.P ·.,:;.~- . : · -~~ ··. ·' · ~·- ': . ·.
_.- Pi'eseht Special ·Day . ~-:r . · · Y.ips-·::;?· ·,:.,. · .. · J •. • :· 'f ~- ~ . . . . . . I!
·: · :, .. :· · _1;12,~f.la~· i: .:~... : : · ·I:"~
• - •. • • I~ :.--:: ,., ... ••• "" • • • •
, ~.
iA
ARTIC!,,E 9S{ · Rl(SHT Tq ~ERV!CE INCENTIVE
LEA<, ....,...........,'!..•,'-»',:(•"? . - . .. . . i.
f. Absent with
Pay . · Special·.Dat
. ~ '· , I :,_1 .. · v,~:. ~"\,,-~'.. .,,.~ · ~y- . . · . :
.. ~~ula,< .,_.;ryl(,
Hcfo~~y. '. ..~~::. _ t . . ··,..
v. ":/ · 11;~ Service·"inc'..Etirtlve·"Leav~. (s1q is a fiv~day Ieave.:
· ·

'
Ii
ti: .
i·/..· . ~?t~:~}.Pay.
.
$p~<;:fal l)~Y.
.
~:w~~,. {;-
l-:~~~~4---+"-'-~...+--''"."'.:::.'·;;;;~::;,,,....:.··--1.~·~!.:,:~·;.:'

.
:...;··H..
__ ..;;?;-;\.:....· :/ · _wit.h pay .for every- empl<;>Y~.e Who has rendered at.
N~~. '. . . J)~~~fL~n~_(1 )• year ·~r- .sefyice (LABO~. CODE,. Art..
.'. ,·. ·<! .• ,~·:_:.; .. · ;~i~:'J:-=-~!~.:~!±~i':.:~~f.::;-;i:: . •,, . . -.. . . ~ . . : .' . ·.: .
f
{·. . . . . . ·. · : . . f 1 . {r.f .· One Ye~r..of ~er.vice shalf.mean service·f~r:' not le~s
i·,, . -t;:~ects <?f B~_~,n~~s Clqsu~~ ~r:t H?(ia:~l%\ . · than···twelve (1.2) month,s,. whether continuous· or
f ·. If r!;lgylar pphd'.3Y..o~~~-rs ~~nf!,9· .. ·. · ."'-;:""-- . .. brok!;ln, -reckon,.ed__ from·: _tlTe date th~ : emp)oyee ..
k
II, . 1 ~ . i:_emp~r'ary or P~~,0~1.c !lhtrtc:Jp~n _a.~_d~empp_~ary. · .started working including ,au.thorized ·abse.nces··ar:iq
l · cessaMn_ ~f wc;>rk ·. of -~.~ esta~l1Sh1!1ent. -:- ~he .. paid regu_l.i!r holiclays unfe.!ls.the .(lumber :of w~rki_ng
:· reg1,1l_ar hpl1d~ys f~lhng within .the penod shall·.be ... ,days ·in the est~blist:imer:it,. as a m~_tter,of_.pr:acpc~'.or.'
~ompe~sat~d.,. .. · . · . .- • · . , · . ·. ·· policy cir as pr.ovided·jn t_he _employmen_t'contr~ct, is·
2. Ce~satr~ri. «;>f_ope~t10~. of an_ e_nt~rp!1s~ d~~ .~0. less .than 12· months (/RR of-Lab.or Code, Book.I]/,
.bl!~m~ss· ·-reverses.. as . -aut_h~nze.o :_- by th~ -Rule v, ~sec. 3). , ..
.. 'Secreta~y of labor_...: the regu_lE;tr '1'ollday_rnay r:iot ' . . ·. : ... · . . . . . . . . ·. . .
. . . . be pai9 ~Y. th~ em·ployer:(/RR·of LJ.l,B.OR.COPE, ·· .Purpose.: To·serve as·a.motivE;ttion. for th~· e)nploy~e
·. ·. Book/I/, Rafe IV, Seo."?J... · '..::.· . .. : ,tQ st'ay,.l_onger.:wi'th·'!he-employer. (JPL Marke.{in9
f'rorr,otions v. ·GA; G.R. N9. 151f}.66; /uly 8, 200p):.- ·,
Succe~sive ·ReQular H~lldays · · · '· ·. . ·.
i o be entitled to· holiday pay. ih . case of two (7) Note: Pa'rt-titne.Workers are' entitlefd to. SIL.'The
,-
su'ccessi,;,e holidays, th~ emplo.yee mt;Jst:. . ' .· teaso.n'is that ·provisions of Art. 95 'ot the L,ab_or Cod{;}
· 1. s~· present on ttre_ day· inim~diatEily·preceding ai,d lis i!l)pl~mentir:i.9 _rulel? speak of tne number of ·
·:. the first holiday; or · • . . . · . • . , . ·months in. c1 year for ent_itlement· to said· benefit. .
2. Be: on · 1eave . wi~h pay (2019 · Han.db.09k . pn · . Conseq1.1enlly,_ part~time ernJ).loyees-are all?O en!it,led.
Woi'k~r·s'Statutory_MbnetB{YBenefits, p. ·10). : ·

. '

2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR .OPERATIONS ·1 55 .

 .LAB.OR STAf\J'DARD.S.
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRAUZEDBAR OPERATIONS - MEMORYAID 2019 ,.
tfill::111"'~~~·
,
,
· ••·'IIm"D'JRDUNi flR ci+i qs?DM *'* ea,~m,e ,&,. IIFNH 11489& H ilfll&i
.
PAPS 1¥4

-to the full five days SIL benefit and !"IQ~ on a-pro-rata . year from the date she started working u.ntll the date
basis (1. AZ,UCENAP-245). · of her actual reinstatement (linbuidov, Nl,.RC, G.R. ·
f::l(}.114734, March.31,. 2000). · · ·
SIL does not apply to the followlnq: (GoMan-
' FiVa,Ben10-Per) · . . Ru.le'on Prescription of Claim f.or SIL ..
1. 'Empfoyees of the Government; .. · Art. 306 ·of tlie L.abor Code is·:nofa prescription 6fa
2. . Maiiagerial .ernployees .as defined in Book III; . ·.perjod of time for the ·computation· cif money.claims
3. · Field personnel'. whose.. : performance. Is . ·· but is a prescription of filing an:action.upon monetary.
unsupervised. or· those· who are paid a-flxed . . claims from the 'time the' cause of action. accrued .
amount Jor perforrnlnq. work irrespective of ttie . The employee may use hrs servic(;l ·incehtiv~· leave·
. · 'time·consv!lled'in··the performance thereof; benefits as leave dc;1ys or.he.rriay.coilect its moneta'ry
. 4: Those already enjQying. Vacation leave with pay value. To limit. the award to ·three (3). 'years is to .
for.at least 5. days; · . :· ,· . : . ·_ · . untj1,J!y. restrtct such. righf(Fe,r.n~ndezv.. NLRC; G.R. · ·
:5 .... Those already enjoying (he said Benefits;: · No,.'105892, January 28, .1~98J. · ·· · :
6. Those : employed . in: establishments regurarJy..
. employing. less than ·10 employees -(!RR 'of the. . It can. ·b~ . deduced that the cause . pf- a_9tion -of an
LAEJ.OR CODE, Book Ill, Rufe V, Sec. 1);".and entitled employee-to claim his· SIL pay accrues from
· ·7. Persons in the Personal- service· of another the moment ttreemployerrefuseste.remuneratelts:
. '.12019 .. Handboo~ on Workers' Sl~tut~~:=i-...,.._:.-:-mg~~ta'ry;eqa1.v~l.erit:if.the errli?IOye~·.di.d not m~ke

=
. Monetary [:Jenefi_ls,.p. ?,6). -
· . · · . .. . .
.s-:" ·
· . .
~·_-(}"· · f:?\,._
'iur·
\
· ·~sE:;o~~~ld·leav~ 9r~.dits.bll\ inste~d ch<;>s~ to avaiJ
}l.JtSi}Cofjfn:lutat1on.· Accordinqly, ,1f the .. employee·
_Note; ~mployees engaged o~. t~isl< o :c~~~c!J>~~r-=,..:.~~nlfs-t<J 5.J.C~tt!.ul~te hi_s lea~e cr~~its.and:opts !or
· or paid_ 'on purely comrmssror ,ibas.i~-_;~e"''not· _/s COllJJ!11'.lta~1?'\:~0!)h1~ res1gnaU~n or:se~~ra,tion
automatically exempted from th~{grahf9fSJ(: u_gle~".'"~~~frem ...~i:npJ<;>f.ment,~is cause .of action · to claim -the .
they fall under !he· classificali<fi}~/cfi~cf'p~rs°"onn1~. i""· -~):iOIE!"arn~""of'~j~acc.umulatedservice in~eritive
The-phrase "other employ~es;,(,..,hosEYWerforprance.~s 4,o\ AMve slirll ans.e;.tyhen'.•theemployer fails to pay such
at.
unsupervised by the· employer": in S16tion ((d), Rule ,""\"-\ amount· the'~,tij91~Wisresignation· or. separation
l

V, .. Bo~k III, of the lm,pfd~~t-itTg· R~I~~~-ifFlW~T1~.,emploYf1:e\\ll .. 0~o~i.Js Transport System ,Inc. v.

" tOe L,"9r God• ·(Autoau, lf',ans~rl

. v. Bautista, q.(?.· No ...15636tµf!Y),1,6, 20.@l\~
.. · · · .. · ·: ; ·
_sy1Jli,
1·.; . ~
Reg~la~1o~s of .'the: l..,~~orfl;eo~~~ .serv~s as\~~2]l~¢t,staJ,~.R.
.. ~mphfication ofthe,~efi~.1t101o!f.f1~p~rs~.n~el(Jr,!il~'.~tr.an.ni1,:;) ...

. \\,.:'-"'' ~ ": ;\~~

..-,_,:
J, - -~
Nb\ 15 3,~7, May:16,-2005) .. -.·. _
p:i 6 11. ·. . . : .. . . ·.
!'5 to HJ~te,lvorke~.they}••• dov!ded ,nto!',NO:
~IJ~~"7.3~e\Ydr~e~,i"'Qrk1_n~111s1.de t~.~ prem_1~es
· '·, ,,,..,, ,~}"'.,1.0f~..y~mRfqye_r':apd :thl,IS' are· under the direct...
: 1.
I
1·
1·
· Cot)'le_rsionJo Mq~etary Eq_~vale_rit:~_. . ~-P-~-·
~, ' .'~~~P.~rv~~ijn of t_h,ef'r!Pl?¥er ~re enUtle~ to SIL; ·: . !
General Rule:. SI.L 1s co~J!lµf~~le oi: c~(lveitJQI - o">....,_ /_3;'.p:~lce_-ra{e - vyoi;Rers· . working: outi,1de the- .
cas~ If not us'ed o.r ~Khaus~ecl ~t-tRe end ~~~&.@lr:p:;-m•\b.g-'te..r»jle?s 9f t1J.~f'employer'"."hose hours spent in
Th.e .: ca~h· ·eqµ1valent 1s .a(m~f :_pr~.~tily"':;:--a~..:S~:;.J!J.~· P~Jrv.apce .'of.. the.1r work_- .carnot be
enc?ur~91~g workers to ~ark cc;,nbriCIQ_us1jJ~t.Jdi~ilh==•=:.::::r::::,oP"·' · a_s:d~{'JJ~~""1_1J~ r.eas~nable ce~a1~ty .arid.· thus.
ded1~ti6n-~o tl')·e·.~or:or,any (JRR ·of.Lab3H;j_'e[fe,/~OQk '\\ J{ lJ;. "t~~·~Pt. under·· ~e. ·_d1_~E??t s.~Perv..1s1on.. of U,e
.Ill, 'R_ule. ·Y.· ·~e_c.., q;.Fernf!ndez. v. _NL~C.;· ~~~-~~JL!. ~~·p!?yer are,: r:iot. e_nt1tJed · to . Slk. (Labor
· :105892, January 28;:1-998). ..
0 . · ·-. · --==~ . ~ngress_ofthe.f.HLl(.. NLRC, G.R.'No. 12;3938, -:
. ·. · . · . ' . · . May 2~. ·.1998):' : ··.. .'. · · .· . -: .. , ..
. . Ex~eptioni Under·. :the. . ·:Kasambah~y:'• Law;. ·a . . . .
· · · domestic worke..r. \~.,hi;>hi;i:;, rendered al least orie c1) · Piece-rate empi6yee.s ·a.~~·. not ~nii.tl~~: .to :se~ice
. · ye.~i'r:of S¢rvipe sh.all b.e. entitle~ lo .an annuaf service;- . incentive )~ave. pa"y: . $~~jce··. in~entlve·.·!~ave. pay
incentive · . leave ;- pf > five (5) ·days ·· with sti?II not. apply to emp!oye·es~whose:perfor.m·~riceis ·
pay, Provided·,. that·.·any unused p.ortiorr .of s.aic!. un~µpervised by tli~ employer, inc!u~i.ng .. th9s.e who·
· annual leave. i:;hall NOT ·be" cumulative ·or ~r-ried 'a.re paid .in a .fixe~ :8n'l0Ul'),f. fpr perfor-m.ing' work.
over .to the succ.setling yea~s. Unused leaves· shall . · . irrespectiv.e·.. · of the . ti~e . ·. c.o.nsumed iri . the·.
NOT be con~ertible to cash (R.A.. No,·16361, Sec. · . ·perforin~nce thereof (Mark:Roche 1.nt~mational·v.·
: 29). · · . . · . . . . : . ·. . · · . :. ·. . . ·. : . fVLf.?C, G:.R:, No.: 1~3.825/ August 31;: 1999r ·. .

.N<>~e·: Bas.i~ of °Contersion :sha;l·be th~ ·s~l.a;y rate at· . ' .... -E~p;oye~·s ·....,·!~~· S_aiar;~s abo~e·M~~im~~.vit~ge .
the ·date·· of . coriimutatio.n: · The . availnient a·na · . ,Th!3..difference ·l;>etween the minimum· wage a.nd the.
·commutation ·of the 'service incenti\}e' leave benefit' · ·. .?ctual salary. received ·.~y.the em'ployees 9.=,mnot'be
m~y·. be OIJ a
pro-ra!a basis (2019. Ha_ndbook on .. ·dElE!rried . as .. their 131h month. pay ~nd. ·seryice .
Work~rs· StE1t(!loryMor:etary.Bene(it,p. 27). · ' inc;entive · leav~·. pay as'· such diffetence is· not ..

Ari· employee-, who is ilregally oismissed, .is.:entitled

to seryice ince~tive leave benefits compuie.d one· O)

56 I
.
2019 SAN SEDA LAI/I/ CENTRA'7IZED BAR OPERA"]:ION~
.
.
equivalent ·to ·ar of the·.. same impor.t as the· said. '
benefits conterpplated· by ·.. .law (JPL Marketing..
Promotionsv. CA, G.R. N9. 15196.6, Jufy·B, 2005). ·
. . -·
 '.:·VACATION AND SICK-LEAVE
·-:;__- VL and SL are.notstatutorily required. They are a: .. ·.... t1;,. s_E~R_v
__1_c_E_~c_._H...;.A_R_·..,.G_E...;.S
__ __.
~re- 1. Matter qt management discretlon; or . · ..
t: 2. Product of collective ··t>arg':"lining_. agreement (1
ARTICL;E 96: SERVICE ·CHARGES
": .. · AZUCENA, ·supra at 299). · · ·
,1·'
_,;)j.:
' . ' . ' .. ' . '.·
In the grant of vacation and sick leave._privileges to
Ail service. charges collected by hotels, restaurants
ai:,d sim[lar establishments shall tie' .di$tributed as
ml' an employee, the employer ls' giv.en -leeway. to follows: ·
1. Eighty-five percent.· (85%) · for all ~overed
~~' impose conditions 9n ·the entitlement to the same as·
st · the grant of vacation and sick leave is not a standard .employees (to· be equall_y d\sttibuted among
i. of law, but apreroqative oi management: lt'is a mere ' th_er.ri);' and .
ff. ··con·~es~ion ~r- act.of q'rac~_·o! tll'e 'employer and·~ot .. . 2.. F\ft~~n percent · (15%) . for disposition by
managemeAt '10. answer··. for. losses. and
'.f. · a...ma~er- of.right on the part of the employee. Thus, ..
•( < it is w~II ·within the: power .'ancl ·authority of an: 'breakagis· an·d. at the discretion of discretion. of.
1:t. -varnployer to. deny an employee's apptlcatien: for · u;e· m~nagement, disfribatio!". to mana.gerial
~'/_ leave -and. the same cannot, be perceived. ·:as· . .emp_loyees (/RR of· LABOR CODE, Book Ill,
-~{ . dlscrimlnatory o'r harassment · {Sugu~. v. Triumph ~ule. V/,. s~.c ·3). · '·
;?,;_;·. intem'a(iof)al PHL. lnc., G.'R. No.. 164804, January
·{ •. 30, 2Q09). ·, . -. . :· . . · :·: · Coverage·
. · ·. . . . · . -»
Service Incentive Leave.v. VacationiSick Leav~(..:~,/}.1
Apply:.. ·_oniy to hotels, restaurants and similar
'establishments collecting servlcecharqss.
~-·-f4~ ... · . . .
,. f/! J.a ~
"f : .. "° . °' . . . .
·,. . ;t·,·,: ·1 All·. _t;mployees..ere _~o.vered, _ r~gardless of their.
. • • • , _ ;~;;,•~ ~ ~,sttion, ,:,-~~s1gnation, employment . status,
, , .. · ·.. . ,,· "-~,if~;f~spec.ti¥fo'-<>tthe method by whjchtheir wages are
Man~atory: · · ·. l~gally Volµ_n1ary gra,!1tj~su_lt~ , :v !i pai_d'e3<e~pt:'nJ,anage~ial':employees·{!RR of J..ABOR
required (LABOR from: ;l~~~mp_loyer's: 11':,"';J · cooe. Boo~r· 11, Ru_le VI, Sec. 1°2): ··. ·· . .
, .cpDE'. Art_ 95). . . di~cr~Uona~))~:~lic( ~ :C:<" : . ·. . .. } \ - : .· ·
_. . · · . fro,n the C~. (:\~ : . i(~l. Frequen~y D1'Strib'L!tlon· . . . .
. . . . · ~,.. ~ft.::;";;. · ' {}~ . The s~~W~s rffe~d::tO'· hei"eln sh~II _pe. distributed
~- ti.,.:~ .and .pa1!\j.'to ettiploy.~es··no~less than once·every two
t:;_ .Z,/ ··, .• '"-.JI· . >t (~) . m1f.~!'.!&l;;Jytj~~7 a. month ... at· lnfeivals ·not·
~: . .ihte.ri~e~ ·io c1l.le~i~te_the: IJJteti't!_~ ~9-"?~:~?fd··~i; · :' .~}1· ·exqeeclmg:~t§!_qg;ys~(f~Rof LABOR CODE, Book !If.
i';t · . economic . cond1t1on. of .labore~~cba_pce·to ge~~ ·.. t~"j . Rute· VJ,. $ec.. 4). · ·
g:i · :. the w_orker.Hor"i~-acts ~s m_ych . ~J~~e! )~.st··. t~. · . rL.,...,:..Il: · · . ,·. _
~!, replacement. for regular . replenish~- h1~-~6i:nout H~''. .Rule·.i-n cas~ of Abotition . .
~· ,. ·,. income. "that would not ·energies. ·a9,c(. acq1,,1_ifp:~i.-.£,~''ir/'lfiet:t~~)s_ervice Charge is abolished, the share·of .
r . : ~?~.· earf1e.~ during. such n~w vitalitN~~ ·-~~aJjl_~ . . .· . tl,_le' ' covered. ·..employees stia!I · be ' ,considered .
,~··: · · instance.· · .him to .effjc1e_n\J.Y;P,_~1~.r:i:n jntegrated.iri .fr:ieir.. wages.. . . · . ·
~~
i',.
· hii,;.
'
d~tif;lS
• '
~nd not'nierely.
. ·. ' .
.' . ~--:-.' '' ·.. . . ' · ·: '. . . . · .
. . · ...
. ·
W . . . to _giv~- .him ~dditional The.~~sis;of-th~·a_mo.uri.~t<;> be integrated sh~li'be. the
;;-: salary. average_ share·:of. each employe'¢. for the p~st · 1·2
W. . !'J10111hS imme9iately.. ,preceding ..tJi~· 8QOlit.ion or
f. _wittidtciwal of ~uc_h charg~s (/RR of LABOR CODE,·
)1: : ·cann6t be waivi;id.: Must be d.eman·ded:in its Book:/11,Rul~· VI, Se_o. 9). · . . · . · .. ..
. ·opportune . ' " time-,'
· ·. · ·Othe.rwise, _13ilence WO.Uld ·Pooled Tip~ .
· equate. ·to.· waiver, the .· Wliere. an establishmerit does not collect service
' ' ·charges but has a: practice or policy of pooling ti"ps
' :same · .. being ' -~ mere
. . . ·~oncession . or':. ac:::t .'of. . giyen voluntarily by fti cus.tom"er~.'tfie pooled 'tips
. . :gr,ace-of~mployer:· ·, should-~ monitored, acc6tmte~ for. a'nd .distributed
.. in-Jhe:"same. niann~r. as. the service· charges .'(201~
Handb"o"<;)I:<. on· Workers'-~tatutory M9netary Beriefits,
P .. 25',I•
1 ·
•
•'
. . • .
:"'
. '
· .·
. ~.

!-"(1-A-. u_p_ra_·t~2~9.._9._,___
z'--u---c--=E.N.-'.A~.
,-s...,.._
a,_· ,. ~-.-
.. ~-----'-''
. . .
. ·.: . . . ':' .

~-r ~019.SAN SEDA lAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I· 57.

t;.• ..
'·r
 . ~-~~1r · - LABOR
, ~."
. · , .. . .
.
STA~DARos"'-
. SAN B£DA LAWCF:NTR/1.LIZED£JAR. OPERATIONS -·MEMORY AID :1019
-~°i.'VIAWiillriiiii#IW SIMIEIM'lfi.JUiAiMHMt~l"etiiMf
• · ,_,,,.._,_,, .
. .
hi'?ltiF#fiWi5iffS, 'Rt'M''thvi!*Ut-iiti&WW&iffitLtil

I _:·WAGES
·-L--------~~·
· TITL.E TWO: WAGES
r ..
· CHAPTER I: PRELIMINARY MATTERS
I Equal Pay for Equal .Work .
Employees holdin(j'the.same posltlon and rank are
presumed to be performing equal ·work. The rule .
equal pay . for , equal work ·. applies· . whether the
employee is hired locally or abroad (International
·..... - . . . S.cf10ol Allian,ce of Educators v. · Quisumbing, G.R-,
No .. 128845, June 1, 2000). · ·
. Cd.mmis.slOn js a direct remuneration .received by
. an. !iQent; salesman. executor, broker .: or trustee-
. calculated as a percentage on the amount. of. !'Jis .
. transacticns or on the 'profit to the. principal (Black's..
Law Dictionary,· 5th · e«, citing Weiner v.: . Sw.~les, ·
217Md: 123, 141 A':?d'749,.750)> ' . -. · ..

. ·.·.· •.

(CHAN,:supra at·.139): ':'.

J:=aii·:·o~·y'.s. W~ge· for a, F~'ir Oay~s. Labor {"No:

Work, No.Pay Principle") : . · · • . . . . lterns · of . expense Items whi6h.·cims.tiiute extra
J{tllere is no work.performed l:ly the employee, there · necessary ·for · the ·ret:nµneratio.n.. · or. .: spE!ciat· .
can be no wi:!ge or-pay unless the laborer was able.. : -. laborer's and ·· -hls _privileges, or benefits. given
...willing: and ready to work .but was illegally locked family's· . existence to . 'or ·. reeeived . by the
out, suspended or dismissed oroiherwlss me~ally and subsistence.: laborers, over . and above
. prevented from wor~iog (Aklan Electric Coopereiive . their.
.
ordinary.
.. earninqs
. ' and
· v. NLRC, G.R. No.-121439; Jan_uary.25,·2000).:· wa_ges.

58 2019 SAN. SEDA_LAW CE~TRALIZED BA~ OPERATIONS

 . .

LAl:30.R ·sTAN DAR·DS

.
WHE\XAINXCW
·-
.SAN 8£0)\ I.AW CENTRALIZED BAR.OPERATIONS - .MEMORY Ara20i9
ff ISM IC

For a r.etail/service estat;>lishment to be e~empted

._., .. ftom .the co,;,erage of the minimum wage.lEIW, it-must
·.';:' Pilrt of!he wage_. lndeper:,dent"qf ihe wage .. · · : be. shown that · the. establishment is reguiarly

·&-
f De~u~tit:>1~.from.the_
. . ·.,. . . .
.. Not·wage
.
deouctible.
..
."employii}g not. more than 10 ~orkers and" had
applied for exemptions :with and· as determineq by .
·~c._
,<f·
wage.. · ..
.•
· the :appropriate Re·gional Bo"ard (C. flaoas
;): .(CHA,N, sµpra· at _1"43-144). Commercial v. NJ,.RC,·G.R. No .. 1.44619, Novemb.er.
!t, . J • • • •
·11; 2Q05). .. . .
it{ · F~ods or snacks cir. other ·~onve.nieince·provided by. ·
·;~._: the ~mploye( are· deemed supplements if they· are Note: ,'fhe ·. phrase· '-'regu/arlY. .empfqyfr.,g"· means
·,;~,·granted .for· the' convenil:mce of tlie . employer: The . . .. more.or less.un_iform or usual number. of employees·.
• ':·' ' criterion in . making a .distinction :. between · a employed by a retai!/ser.vice .enterprise.. cfl,J(ihg· its.·
'k supplement ·and a fa9flity .do~s.not lie_ in _the kind. but
:>,-: · in its· purpo$.e."(Mayon Hotel & Rf?sla.urant v: Adanc1,
normal operations (1 ·AZUCENA, .supia·at 324) •
MINIMUJ 0

~:·· G.f?, 157684, May 16, 2005). ·_ .·:

··.: .. · ' . . .
.•. ·. ·. · · · . c.H.APT~~-11·: ~A~E.R~"i~s., .. ·.:. ·
. \·.- Gr;tuity .ls- .sornethinq given:· ·tr.e~ly · .or without· . ARTICLE'99: REGIONAL MINIMUM WAGES
#..°. · recompense' to reward employees· who have .Minimum Wage is the lowest {basic)" wage rate
t>r.endere_d satlsfactory -and efficient· .service to the .flxed by law that.an emptoyercan pay his workers
~- ··company. 'lt does not form· part of the··wage :(1 /'":). (/RR of R.A. 6727). Compensation which is less than
{_-.·, ~-zuc_.e._NA.:1 supra a:t 311-312_.1:.· · ·_.· . . /'.:.<,-:(;~,•.(_ 'such rri·inimum rate is.considered .an underpayment
,. I , that violates the.la..w (1 AZUCENA: supra at_317) ...
"' · Alfo~ances are- the a~oµnts of money,. whichl ;:i~it' ·, ·: i ·. '\ • . . .
not p_a!1·of wa!;les, but. ;::i~e- gi"'.en In ~c;msi~eratiopj9f. ·. '.. ;\L.J~_~,,_n:iinim~m,,Wage~ixed by law. i~. mandatory: thus, .
certain . e?'pens~s: · IJ~e ·:transportatrorr .;.,,~an}SI; f ~:.7..dt.l.{../J9".1.-w~Jy0~bleand non-neqotiable (PAM Co. v.
·;·: ·. representation (M1/l~res v:.NLRC; G.R._ Ng.. .4;2-2827; :,_; PAMEA~_F_FWi:G .!;-·
.. R:-(V9. L-35:?54, Ja_nl!ary.29, 197:J).
~ . Marci) 29, 1"999) .. · . ·· ,{,'J.,..,.,. .f.L.J.! · . j"J~ · · . :. . · .
;\ .. . . _. ·. . ..... · :. .. ..' . \\,J!.: ...' .. ),.,•-'<( . Note:
C,01/A~s"~~ot·iri the nature :of a_n' allowance.,
f
,,
1':31h M~n~.tt~aY, ln_clud~d m.~he ~efln!J.l09\Qf,,,Wage intended·
:he e,v1de_ri! mte')t_1':)~ of P~es1deJ1,~~0.ec_r~~~~~851,.,· L,, .. e_mpl?YeJw
I) . Jlo.(tt
H re!r.nburse ·exp~nses 1t,~~rred . ~Y.
t~ performajtce · ~f. th~1r .offlelal
~;· ts.to grant an additional m~or,rt~!.!1th~,.,fofm.of thf:l'~. functions; f:-) It'*
not:wayment.ln conslderation of)he,
f: · 131h_ m~>nth_ p~y ,~o. employee4~?(al~?~~h~ei~IJ:~_-... I~:;·~ fulfill~'nt\tj[~~l.~f!'ru,ly.'_As deftn~d. ~cost of living~_
f'. .. the . ·same.·: Cl~~IX, -.as · ~dd1t~~nald,!}~~"\lfe?· t-tb;.~j- _t_;~;
refers tS'-~eef~'llel~'..pn~s re~~ting_ ~o a. r.:inge of
[' · 131~ n:ont~ pay .1.s· 1ncl!-Jded. ,n :t,t,e:1e!n~~1.or;t&_wag7 : ~
f. . an.~er.Article ·97(f) of the \~b~r- Cod{i;ffo~1.1'.\ich cln .
b
everyday i!ems~·br ."the c«;>~t qf purch:3~1ng the gq~ds
Ji! .·
,and serv[ces w.~ich a~e · mclud~~ m an-'ac;cepted
t.: . . employer i.s):>rohiblted under Articl? .. 11-~)?99~ ~ame ...,1::·~~\(~9imt.J.~v~I of· con~u_niption." ~l'l~!:id. ;on this
... Code from · making · any, _d_ed_uction~<~ltflout/~t~__,_,..!f~p·Femiser-©OLA · is a benefit int~nded t~: cover
t. _employee's. kno""'.'l~dge arid -qqns~nt'/~r/ab.f/d/v. .
f ·. NLRC; G.R: No .. 158693, _Nq\i.~l'r}ber 1?},· 1P,.Q,_4J\
·increases:in_ th~ cost.ot.li':'ing (1..CHAN;
. · · , ·. ···. - · :
15)._. ·
· ·. , · ·
.f!~
f ; . . . ; . · . .. . . . . : ·. . · . -· Ability to.
Pay lmmaterl~I ;·.. .. . ..
!.- · ARTICLE .98: .APPLICATION OF TITLE · ,: , The ·e·mployer ca·nnot.e·xempt t:)lmseli fron:t liabiliry
;. . G"en~r,;jl Ru.le_:·.:-t~e rme. on W~ge!;i appiies tP all" to pay minimum Wages" becc1u:s:e"of poor-fif)ari.qial ..
.. _employee~'. .. - . . . . . ... / .. , . : . . . . condition .of ttie con1pany; the. payme.nt of mii")_i.m.um.
wages"ls no~ dej)ende~t on-the erriploy~"r'_s ability.to
Exc-~ptio.ns:.(.FaHo2·Co2Ba}· . pay. (Pe Racho v. Municip¥J.litY.of lla[Jan, G.R. No ..
( :Farm te.naricy o.r le~sehoi°d;·· . L-23$42, January :Z, :1968): . : ·, . .\· ·,..". ..
· .
i. Household or..dom~sti~ helpers;' . . . . . . :· . . . .
Es_toppel NotApplicabJe. · ,.. · .. . · · .
·,. .. ·"
... .
3. Hornewotkers.engaged in needl~work; .: . .:...
. 4.: Wbrk~rs: eimployed'· in·_ any . establishmEmt _·d1J!.y . . .ttie ,icceptance by.an,employe~ oflhe wages·.paid·
. . . registered .with ._the Nation~.1 Cottage lni;lustry · to · hi_m ·· with_ou( ·obj~qi6f! .'do~s n9t giv~. dse: to. ·
. . ' Oeve_lopme1:Jt. Authority (~_ACIDA} · (LABOR . e5toj;)pe~·preclu<:lir:ig:nirrff(?lll:SCJ!'19 for the ..difference .
CODE, Art. 98); . - . . .. · · between .the amouhl u~ceived arid. the· amoun·t he · ·
5. :' -Work~-rs· rn d4ly register.e<:I £Q_operatives·wh_e!l shoukf"have r~eived "pu"rsuant to.-a valid minimum ..
.. so re.commended by the Bureau of Coopera_t1ye · . wage l<!W. whe-r:e if.does ryot appear th.at the· employer
. . . =oeveloP.inent upon approval by the. SOLE. (IR(: · changed . his positiQn ·. lo tii& own : preiud(ce (1
> "of LABOR CODE, Book Ill, ROie VII, .Sec .. 3); and ·AZUCENA, supra at 320), · · ··
· ... ·. .
ci:Wo;ke"rs of. ·a·· Barangay Micro Busines~.
., Enlerprise
. (R.A..91._7~)-
., . . .

. · 2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALiZED·BAR OPERATION$ I 59

 #JMithlA

LAB.OR STANDARD.$·.·
ee
'*" ..
SAN ~EDA LAW CENTRALIZED ·aA_R OPERA,TIONS- MEMO~Y AID 2019
'~\\llAIIM·, 2W1i M-iXii·WiAN MA Mi E H . Q Mii¥1,M#hiZ?@INH #$t&i8iit19W9
. The employer is. unde·r no obligation to implement _a Non-Diminution Rule
Wage Order· a~ross the board. ·Only those Generai Rule: Nothing in the labor Cod~ shall be
employees receiving salaries below the prescribed construed to eliminate or . in any. way· diminish
minimum wag.a .are entitled _to"the .wage increase . s~pplements, or other employee bene'rifs being
pr~vided there1n (Pag-Asa Steei' Works, lnc.:v. CA, · · enjoyed at the .time .of promulgation of this. Cocle
G.R. No. ·166647, Ma;ch 31, 2006)." . (LA.BOR cob~."Art. 100). .
• w •••

Generally, employees· have a. vested right · over

existing benefits voluntarily granted to them by their
employer (University-of the East v. University of the·
East·.Employf;ies': Association; <G.R. Nd. 179593,
Septembe» 14, 20_11). ' · ··

. Th~s, -ben~fits being ·giv~r:, to -~rnployees ca~not be.

···taken. back 0( reduced unilaterally by the employer
. ·because .. the 'benefit. has. become part of .the .
... 'employment contraet, written.or unwritten (Central
. .• . Aiuc.arera de Tarlac v. 'central Azucarera._de· iartac .
1-A-g-r-ic--'Li:._lt:._ur-e-,--
. ..+-p-4-'7"'"5- .. -._1-.p-·.: -'._--:--.+ . .:. ,P-5-0~0~--1_ ., __ ._·,Labor Union-NLU; G.R:No. 188949,."July 26; ·?010).
2-5-
·. (Plantation· and·
Non PlantationY
. : ·.:. :~~-~--1--J-;l,~~~J-he.
,. ,i,,. u l .-v- -~
oroper_·l~gal b~ses ~or th~.in;o~ation of
.. · . ., -~ . , '":. -'.:,.,,; ~- ·_ ., ~tnctr,re_::-~~tany benefit or suppleme~t b~ing
. Retilil/Sei:vice. · . P475 P25 / "ll.?500"' ~;.::.: ~c=<-eriJQ.t~d/;,PY ,~~P.IOy!iles .~annot be reduced,
'EstablishmeAts · f:V , ~- _..,_,,;_--=o00~...,:_disco~tiri~e9,;;t]t,e1jrn.i~~ted b}' the e'I.;!ploye_r are the
, employing . · 1s · - .f r.,p~· . ":?" ~,}!;: toflb-wm~:-~V· -l'~ . · . . ·. ·
workers orless 41:J
f
,' . /' .i -. .
l j :l·
.. r · X ··The~~o~~ti~t~dn·:~ec.18, A,:t JI-and Se.c. ~' Art ..
\.;t_...
~ .1J_. · XIII)~ .. .: r., \) '. · · _ .
Manufacturing P475 {/.:.? fl P~OO · ,.. V~~Z.~-Ar.L4 of.th9t~lior fode; .. . . :·
-Establishments _ .,,_/if>"!J' 111
~ :· . ~:_:_ ~ft.i",,.~Pr~ss. t~r~onan employment agreement;
r~gul~r:t.x
e~pl9yin.9. les~ :
. ~1 i
.. ;·~.,,..:-=~ ~ ._ ; ..
l. . ~ ,!I.JL
:,A"·
J. · · n·.~
x, ~and l \\. . . · ·_ - . . . . · , · ·
'!_b(:~,;;r-Jlif,r~ COIJW.?llY'Prdctic"'§ »vhi~!i refers. to the' implied
than 10 worke~s . ~ 11 ~\\L;:__~ :..::1-~c --teriih~ an(~mp_l.P)fmentagreement wt,ich the .
.· . · · . · · ··. · , ~_( .,f) 'k - ~~-~ ·:-. ~ · .tr. ·. e_~~ .er. hfrfrliefl~.voluntarily and consistently ·
_AR:flC_LE ·. 100:. · ~RO~J_BITI_O~ .. ~~
ELIMINATION OR DIMINUTION:Of"¥NE.
.«~J~J~
..~~-:--·
K~.-
_}!~Jo \ts:_.eWploye'?s.and thus cannot be,
./GiW_Lt-.c:1rawn' eJ<G~l~l by. n:iutwal ~onsent-.of., the
Tber~ is elimination or_dimin.uti~~f be'cl~1l_~hf6}," -~4'(' , ~-. 6~tral}f0g pa_~es (Arco MfJtaJs· v. :SA,MARM-
iolloy.,ing ·requisites are present:1~lJP-E).~. ~ L [fil,J\\µ ijftl!V., 'G:R;,Po. 170734, l).1ay 14, 2008).
1. Tn.e· pracU~~ . i~ ·Qbtlsisterit'~a ,!<!~li~F.aJi'!~-~~".. ..,·.\ · ~'!e'-_? · . _. :· · .. . , . ·
(Metrobank V, NLRC, G.R. No.152928;'::ifun'e'ff 8, t~~ep,ti~s..iCoNWst.B_- ~e~oP). _.. . . - .
·. ·2009)· · : . · ·.- ~' V-J. ·-K/f.._k~\GbF~~·:.tfo,:i·of err.or; _. . ·
2.. · The 'diminution c;,r· ciisc6n.tinuance -~...,.d6ilEl:c.:.'.--.~".,J-,..:,:;~!!e'gotf13~~d.~en~flts;. · -: _-
. Qhilaterally by th~ ~mploye_r (Steer po,p.oration_ : . 3; · yva_geprder_c<;>mpllan_c~;-, · · . -
.v. · Nagkc!ka(~ang Mang{lag?.w'ang . ; Supreme · 4_. _§enef1ts.on r~1mbu~s.e,:n,en!basis;· · .: .
Jno_epehdent Union {NMS-IND-;APL]; . G.R':'_.-No; . 5. · ~cl<:1s~1fi~t1onof _posit1ql)!: '. .. _ . . : . _ .
185556, March 28,.2011);_ ·· _: ·-.- , · ~ · :, .·. , E?.··. Conting~~\b.e.nefitf.. of cond1tior,al llo~us; .and.
3, The grant of.the- benefit.'i$ founded c;,n a·pqlicy·ar· · · 7.· fr:o(:l~ctiv1ty incen_t,ves (1 AZ_UCENA, _supra at·
.. has ripened into: q eractice over a'. long· pi=irlod 330J ·,. .
.{Phtlippin~- Applianc~ Cprp, v.. CA;-. G.R. No. ,Noli.~c_hargea.bility c_ia.u ... s_e .o_r- sto1>·.r~"k__· g·a.te-i.s an.
· 14g434, June 3, i0Q4); arid· - · • . : - ' . ...
- · · · · . allowance grantt:l,d under· the· CBA that. .cannot be
-4.. , · The - t>:ractice . is ' .not d.ue to.. g&o,: -· ii'} tl)e; ·credit~(:! to ~i.milar.forl'n ofbenefit that m::i·y thereafter
. : ·- construction ·of application qf . a. doubtful . or be ordained by:·the g"overhrriefit throug·h ·legi~iation
. . difficurt ql,!estio.n. of law (Vergara, .Jr_ v_ Coca
· · · ·- · · (Mara_oppe_r .Mioirig Corp. , v. · NL.RC, G.R.. No ..
· · · Cola, <3R. No.-176985, Apri_J 1,.·2013). -. : .· _.103525; Match·29;)9.!1B). ··. · ·, . · :.-
. · No~ei:°Jt' it is· a P~if error that. is b~!ng correct~d; ~o Btmus · :· - _-.' _ . . · . :. . . .. ._
· vested right may be saic;I .to have arisen - n.on,my .. The amount granted a·l"!d paid to an emplpyee for his_
diminution· of benefit under Art. 100 may be said. to · · indu~trY:an_d'.Joyal_tywhich ·contributed-to.tlie's.u'cces~
have .resulted b.y yirtu_e · of. ttie corr~ction (rSPIC o_f the employe~s. busin~s ·and mad~_j)Ossiole.the ·
. · Co,:p; v. _TSPIC_f=mployees'Uni(!n, G:R:_ No. 163419, realizatioa. Qf profits (1 AZUCEN'A, supra. at -335-
February 13,' 2008). · 33~). - . .

.6Q I ?019 SAN BEDA LAW C!=NTRAIJ~EQ.BAR. O.PERATIONS

 -~·
t.os.- mm llll!lmmi.. 111a 11'91rimi.. 31m ~i,s:::r.~~:!lfl!llm

l
7'.
LAJ3:0R
S(',N BEDA IAW
STANDARDS
CENTRALlzto BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY.AJO 201~.
't .... I 4 FF
. .
.Jf . Gene.ral Rule: Bonus Is.not·demandable asa niatter Year_ly_§.eritice Incentive leave ot't!ve ·days with
ls...~f right. It ·.is a management prerogative, given in
addition to
what is _ordinarily received by or strictly
· 4..
·pay;.
. 5. fremium pay (conditionaf);
.
}'. due to
the recipient iProducersBenkv-. NLRC, G.R. .6. Aoliday·pay; ·
%t . No. 100701, March 28, 2001).
:l". . . . , ....
7. Qther benefits. gr.anted by law; il'!dividual. or
coll!;ictlve bargaining agreements or company
ir·· · . p9licy or pra'ctice; ·
~ Exceptions: . . . .
J[;. . · 1 ...When, it was promised to be give.n withou.t any 8'. t?ighf shi~ differential pay; and . . .
9: 121.h month pay (BWC Letter to the Director-NCR
Jt ··' conditions .imposed for. its· payment in Y>!hich
case' it' is deemed part-of the wage; .and ·
· 2, Wh.eh it has ripened .into practlce. (Martos . V;
· of the Na'tio~al Fqod Aut.hbrity,.Jµr_ie 11, .199.1) ..

NLRC, ,G.R. No. 1.11744, Septembe.r ?, 1995) .. Note: Th~ r:ules implementing .the labor Co<;fe on:
. ,· . . . ·..
. . NSD and SlL do ·not apply to emplqyees·wJ,os,etirpe ·
Not~; To.b~ ccmsid'erectaiegularpractice;th.e giving. 'and . perforrrjance .. are'· unsupervised: b'Y, the·
of the bonus should havebeen done-over a· long eri:iployers, including thosewho are engagi?J:i·or1'task ·
period. of time and must be .shown to have been 6r-.c::ontract bash:,, p_u'rely comrnissiori.or those who .
: consistent and detlberate (~asterri'Telecom Phils: v.. are . paid a fixed .. amount.' for performing '• w~xk .·
Eastern Telecoms Employees.:. Unlon, . G.R.. 'No. irrespective. of the time· cqnsumed in the-.
185665,· Fe/Jro§!ry:8,.. 201'2)_.: · ·.· · · perfoA11ance 'thereof (!RR of LABOR ·cooE, Book
. ·. ·.: -..·: . ·. . ·. . ·., . . . /.."'- Iii, Rules II and V): . · ·
ARTICLE 101.; PAYMENT B.Y RE.~~qs : . :1/'.:.%-tr
Wor.k~rs Pal,d :o~ Piece~Rat~ Ba~is ~_re thos~ fryP((;.:~·~ CHAPTER Ill: PAYMENT OF..WAGE.S
are paid ·a standard ai:nount f?r every piece.er ur.i119f ;,. ,,,,\,1 . . ·. : . ·
work produced that· is .rnore or_ less· r~gul5!rlM--, ...... l.;~~:nCLE,1,..02:FORM~ OF PAYMENT. ·
re~lica!e.d_, ,w_ithout ·-regard. to· the }i~e ·sp~,9( f):)'.';°.'{r"''·~ml}J9,ye~.;~_a!mot PayHis W~rkers.by means of:
producing the same ·(Revised. ·Gwdeflnesf[on the vjr (V-PAe2lf2-Ft\ · . . . : · · ·
of
' fmplemenfRfin.n the t'3111 Month Pay(fi~~;2(d))_. !(!1-~
i . 1·.. You_c~en~\, ... ·. · . . . . ·. . . . ·
·. . : ·. . · · .- · · fk '.t · . • ~ ~h 2. ·Prom,sfo.qy-~otes· .
c·ategorie.s.c;,fWorkers·~aid.by ~-~~jl;f;:~.,;;;v'... ~- . [;'..3. -~y op.Je~t o~e-r-ilolan f~_gal'tt:!'_lder-;
1 · As to.Presence of c_on,tro);-:-.fo"" 4tJ~v .~ 4. f.oufton;;~ -~ · '
a. Sl!i>e"':'l~ed .-:- V'_J~rk~~?Jrectly;)~nder.. tt:i~· .{"j 5. ·£hit~;-~ _JL:.- . \ ·. . .· .
t·· · ·.. · ~uperv1s1on. pt their. lff!Jp.loy~S.:@!1J..·.pl~,- . t;?. 6. !~tP!j:-:SW~':;:_;.~9' . ·· ..
rat~.worker). · · · ~:,;. · ·~-i-~ ·· .. '~1f · .. fi~J
7. I1ct.ets:J..I..A£J:eY'if'c_oDE,.Art, 102). ·

. ~'. ·. -~;~~:~~$~~;~·;~:~r~~:t~f~~~b~ ~t~~}tt!)::

.
~_ny ~.ther · for~: ·.~1i_~~~~:
to. ref)r~sent. re~a_L'
dire~tly sµperv1s_ecl ·bY,Jt,_e·.eg).P.!9~er_ (e.~. J.:hr1t~r:ic;1~~·1~~solutely.proh1b1tedev~n wh~n expres;:ily
P~k1aw or_ "J:a(<,ay~ (1: AZ[!Ctf((1• .su,ya~---~-:.4~ues(eff,fjy
·
. . 346). • . . · . . . . _.;.
· -2 .. :~ to Rate_of.Pay~~-n~ . . , -:-~~5
i},,
fl:v( _, .
. ·. . .
the ~mployee (/RR of LABOR.CODE,
Book W; R,ufe VIII, Sec. 1).
. . . .· ·. · ·
.
·
. .:
· . , · . ·
·..

: · a .. iThose paid piece rates. as _prescnb~d in General. Rule: PaY.fllef)t shaJJ· . .be made rn legal
'Piece Rate Orders by,the·QOLE: ..-_ ·. .· . · tender -(/RR 'of LABOR CODE;- Book 11/,·Ru/e. VII/; ·
b. ·: Those ·. p,aid · . output',: rate_s- which are Sec: 1F. .. · · · ·
. prescribed·by the,ertjployer·and ar:e not:yet . . .. ,.
· ... , · . approved.by t~e .DQLI; (1.AZUCENA,.S(!pri/ . ~xceptions·: Paym.eht by check or money order..may" ·
. at349). · ·. ,· · . ··.: ..... ·,,: .. · :.. ·. be allowed.if the same is: · · · ·' · . . ..
. 1 .. ·customary on the date .of effeciiyity the Labor
· · Gode; · · :.- ·· . . . .
of · ·
: W0rk~rs·paid by-res.uJts·includ.l,:igthose·y.,ho are ·paid '
.· on piece-work, ~taka;I.',:, "pf3kiao.'·' or task· basis- ~hall· .. 2,· .Ni:l'cessary bec~yse c:if.sp.eqial_circum~tances as ·
r.eceive nc:>t'· re~s than.. the' . prescrib~d" statutory· ._determined- by.th~ S~cretary of:Labor; . . · · .
. minimum w~ge· rate ·for an eight-ho~r. work· <;>r a . 3. · Stipu~ated jh' the· CBA; or _. .. ·: . · ·
pr~l°portion ·thereof ·fQf ·1~ss th~.n· eight' hour~ wprk · 4. Where.the following conditi\ms are.met: (1PRC) .. : ·
(JRR of LABOR COP!=, .Book fll(.Rule'.V/1, Se'?; 9) .. _.· · .a.·.:. There ls . a bank ·. of · other fac.jlity f9r
e_ncast)ment ·w1t~in a_. rad'lus of QnEf (1}
0

Bel')efits. ·Payabl~. to ·.P.iec~~R~te Workers whose. k_ilometer from (he w9rkpl.ace: . .

Work' j~ Directly. Sup~rvi~~d. .'by.,the. Eri,pJoyer: · b. The·. employer: -~r. ·any .of· ~i.s· agents or
(MpS2·PHON..;13) .. . representatives, does ·riot receive. 'any .
1. ·• Meal"and rest perio_ds; . fec:un.iary benefit.d!rectly or indire'citly from
2 ... , Qvertime pay ( conditional);.. . the arrangeme~t; ·
3. Applicable ,§tatut0ry m_inimum gaily rate;
. . .· .· .. , . .

· · 2019 $AN ~Eoe- t:AW CENTRALIZED BAR O~E~TIONS. I 61

 NWS& iv.tWiiiil

LAB-OR. ST AN DA·RDS
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019
& . 814s1¥+a1!MM4'H ·· ??'*csi>twHBM\fRMP+"'.Jifi1wwa11,a-M& £U-Nt!IIBI"'' ,,-,lilies,,
c. The employees are given _BeasonaQle time Requisit~~ for.Payment thru Bahks;·(OWE)
· during banking hours to .wlthdraw their. 1. The concerned. establishment must be· located
wages from the bank which time shall be · within Qne kilometer radius to thebank; · · ·
considered as compensable hours worked if 2.. - There must be Written permission qfthe majority
done during,working hours; and of. the . employees. 'concerned = . in such
d. The payment by check is With the written. esfabtishment; and .
£onsent ·of the :~mployees concerned if 3. The - establishment .rnust .have 25 or more
there.is no CBA authorizing th·e payment ~ ·gmployees· (R.A: · No. ,6727 or. the Wage
:Wages by bank checks (IF?R. of· LABOR Ration'aliz:atlonAct. Sec-. ·7).. . ·· · . .
. QDE;· Book· t~1;_R. "". v11_1. -s.ec. 2).':..
_c_ -. ~-
.
. Not~: P.a~entthrough an ATM.is aiio~ec:I, provided
ARTICLE ·1)>,3: .TIME.C:>FPAYMENT .the following conditionsare.met: (WRAP-RAD).
r. G.ener.al Rule; . .. ,. . 1 .. The.ATM.system of payrnerrtis wjtl'i the Written
1. · At least once .every two weeks; or . . · · · ccnsent ofthe employee concerned; .' . . . ·
2\·. Twic~ arnonth at·inteiyals[iot·exceeding sixteen 2, · The·employees-·.fr~ given ·geasonable time .to'
· :· · (ffl) ?ays (LABOR. <';ODE; Art ·103, par; t). · : ·, withdraw thefr. wages from ,the<ban'k facility.
. . . . . . . · Which, if. done· du~fng working hours, .~11a·11 be.
·~cept.ioris: · · : : ·. · · · ··· · · · ·. ·. · · ·. . ·· co!1sidered as,corrip_ei=lsablehcii.Jrsworked;
1.'. ·. In ·case offorse ma~eure or other cir.cumsfan~~~=~~i.,_.!h~re is· a J,aak or.8 TM· facility within a radius of·
be~ond the employer's ~ontrol, paym,~_m:7fnustlf -r · 'f\. ·:'f'"k-ql.,_from the workplace;__ .
be made immediately after such 0~9efrren~~as tJ /4\} TP""!3 iYst~m shall alJoW·the employe·e tp receive
ceased; and .. · .. · . ;,
2: In q:ise of paymetit of wagespy;r~sill,H_p.yc::51vmg
;;f -<~ J:. :~=="~,'!._~eirts~e:~ithjn the ~eriod ar.id ·io the· a.mount
· -;p~~s~nbe~~r:iperthe l~bor Code; . · . .
worl< whicll cannot b~ compl!:lte~iffJ·We~J~caF1&·'=7t:--'"5:--.:J,},e_o~~~\i'Eiqu\1~st of the concerned employee,
in the absence of CBA or ~l;bltilatidry~wgfrd;. ,Q). ""t "\VI' -th~errit}!Off!J.:}~11issue a .Becoi'd ev.idencing
3.' Payme~t sh~II . be. m,/a~~Vffnterjals nl!>t 4~ h'~ paY'!i1_~nt+of~a.~~~,, b~re.fits·and deductions for
exceedmg 16 days, in pr9port10,(tothr am.aunt.i:Y"J...... . . a P_:.QIJGttla):,~JC!ij;t: . . . .
-of work com_plete~: : t(:;~ff ·. 1.
• ~tir. ~f?e"rmplo~~~~Jt1'As~ume
. 4. That finol _$.C!\lcm.orit13 rf;iaclc·UJtlOfl. COfT! letiora\;.~i'lil <.~9Ca3.e.fthr..r 'llfa,9e· pr~trtion prov,1s1ons of law a.rid
..f~!I ~espoi:isibility in .

.
.. VIII, Sec.·3). · · r~~~~\ ·.~l\ . · .
the work .(/RR of 0.8.0'fi?. qpq(=, Bookr}_lf, R~I~~'regi11~tlf:ls ~re-.:.110 · ·complied with on~et the
1•• "'-:::~;i(! .. a~r:.!2 rJ.lenY;
1 and"· . . ·. · .· ·
· -, : . . . .' -
ARTI_C_LE.1_04~ PLACE Of:= ~f¥ME.~! .
;\ n\ -
-~A'\t~ ~ l~<~t·
~\"£~ .::.: ~':'"'r dl:--'!}-r. ·..· ;M:~i§:tein"~ff~ayrnent sha!I ~either result
General_ RUie: Ttie_ place ?f ppymenf'-,!11USt\_~•~r';:"' ':,~fSlqyew.~or
,.i <d!llinutJp_n·oN:iinefi,s a.nd pnv1leg:s of th.e
·s~in. -the_- latter incur additional
n~arthe place of undertaking.\\ . .. ·. '\.. ·:'\._~~~;xpenwsm _the/proce;ss (DOLE;.'s: Explanatqry
. . . , · ... · .. 't~-- . ' .,"" Sc'J.E"t:rr<\°bft.ull'l)ln orr~Wc! ePaymenUhrough·ATMfacility,._
Exc·eptions: (DFAt · ' · . . :. ~ .· . ;,:;,_"\.~ ·. ~ l"!.}~ ljJ.d.veriJ.b.Qj:.?, 1_996): :.. . . .
1_. _When payrTJ~11.t.cannot be effecie:~U:-~~arJfi"~-""""·=~--s".\'\. J, . · ·. . .- · .
place of vyork by_-rea~~n of J!e{e~atiJf of 1\. lf JN\'l{(;L~~°!i:DIRE.Cl' .l:'°AYMENT.OF WAGES .
. peace ·and orqer ;CO~d1tions, :or .by. r~s.Qn,;2t .1V1tr~j}J:!lf'Rule.:_Wag~s. shall .be. pai~. directly to. the .
, actt1al or imp~nding emf;lrgencies caused by firi:ff~~WQrkersto wh.:om they are due (LABOR CODE, Ar!.
.. fl~d . or · other ~alam.it.y: rl;!ndering payment'- . ··· · 105): · -; ~ ·· ..·· ... ·
. , : ··tberea't.irripossJble; : : . . . '. .
·:r ··.when· the. empioye·r. 'preyide.s:·· for, .free . Ex;;~pfjon~.:· . -
tr;:inspbrtatign to tt;ie. employ?es bac.k arid for:th;. ,: - . 1. : Payri}~nt throug_h Another 'Person . .
·ari'9 · . · '.. · ·. . . . . · . .. . , · . ,a... In casa of: torce: majeure· rendermq such
· 3. . Und~r any oth·er.'.~n'alogouscircumstc;inces (IRR. · .. · · .paymentimpossibte providedsald person is...
of. LABOR
. CbDE;·Book ,.
Ill, Rute· VIIJ,.
.
$({:?c..• 4). · . . · under a written authority gi~en by th~ worker
. ~ . ... . · for .t'1e · purpose .(LABOR CODIE . ART.,
F'~ohibition: No em:pioY,er shail'pay his.. emP,foy_e~s · · -1os(a)J:·,.·· ·-. -, . .. · . ·· ·· ·
fn arJ/b.ar, night or day club, dri°nking ¢stablfshme'rit, . b, · When .authorized · arider- · existing·· law, · ·
massage·clinic; dance·hal!, qrothersirnilar places~or . : i_ncl_udi~·g'payments.ter.lnsurance premiums
in~ places. wnere games .are played;with stakes of . of the employee and union dues where the· ,
money or things representing money, except in. the right·to check-off has been recoqnized by·
ca!se of. persons. employed 'in Said piaces .(/Rff of the employer in- accordance with: a. CBA dr ·
- .i.Ai39R CODE, B_o~k Ill, Rule VIII, Sec. 4{d}).: · authorized · in- .. writing by. · the·· individual
employees concerned', :-"(iRR of LABOR.
COD(=, RULE VJJ{Se<:: 5(b)). .' . . .. .

·-
62 I 2919 SAN BE!;>ALAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS
 "(f~. + ( .
••
~··:?~
~ AIM

i;=~·-
(· -LA-B.OR STANDA.RD.S
SAN BEQA.UtW"CENTRAtt:{.EQBAR OPERA1/0NS - M~MORYAID 2019
:~;~·-. m,o+ti&b+is tM S4Ni ewe &&PAE+ 4a. ¥MJ . . ISH 4 ·a
iU&Hff,i &
!'' . .
~- 2. Payment Jhrough the H~fl'~ of the Work~r No~e: The first two (2) paragraphs of Art. ·106 :of the
ff,· In .case the worker has died, employer may pay ·. Labor Code set the general rule that a principal is
;f wages of thedeceased workertothehe!r:s ot tne . permitted by law ·to engage 'the services of a
'1;,.,
tJ. . . latter · without 'the necessity · of . intestate : contracto.r for the performance of a particular job.
proceedings (LABOR CODE, Art, 105(b)). .' · . . _ThEH~ird paragraph of the same provision,.tiowever, .
"j, . .· ..., . . . . . . . . .
empowe.rs the 'Secretary of- .. Labor· to -make
if · . · Procedure: d($tinctions between permissiblejot;> contracting· and
,ol,: · . 1. Claimants '". shalt 'execute- ·an. · affidavit
!.t t attesting their relationship to ·t~e deceased
. and ..the fact that _th~y are his· heirs• .t9: the ,
.. labor-only contracting,. which 'is a . prohihited act .
further defined under the ·last paragra"ph (Mandaue
Galle.on Trade Inc: v. Af/d?Jes, G.R. No. 159668,
-~~;:( -exclusion cf all others' (Affidavit ot Nextot ·. · ... M{fJrch 7, 2008)_. · .
i: Kin);· . . . . .. .
,.g, ·2. -ln case of a 'minor neir;-affidavit shall :l;,e·. . :·:EI°e:ment~·· · ~f.: . Legitimate · :C~ntracting .. or
executed on his · _belialf.:· by, his · natural · · Subc~:>"rifra~ting:(,ISFSf · , . .
··guardian or next of kin; . . . ·. ..
· 1: . The contractor cr'subcontractor-ls eng.aged in .a
3. Affida\li.t.st:,all be pf~~Emted;t()the employer · . distinct. arid '. Jndepe~dent buslness and
who shall . make : payment ·, throi.Jgh : the undertakes to perform tl')ejob or work on its own
· Secretary o{ l;-a.b'.oror his represeflJ13.tive~.: > ·. . · r~sponsibility.according to [ts.own method; . ·-
4. T_h~ _repr~Sentat1ve shall_ a~t as referee in 2. Tl:te contractor or. subcontractor has Subs~arltial
. d1~1d1ng . the amount . paid. am~_ng· the.' /,'.~;t . . .
cap.it?l'to car~~. ?Ut the job farme~ out . by _the
. _ (LAf!OR COD~,~Art. W5(b)). . . · ,1 t;;,:.. . ·,
prlnclpal C?li his account, manner and method;
3. c Payme.ra°f through a- family rriemJ:>e~ · ofjth'i.;:::~\ .
_!nve~~ent' in~ t~1;1 .f?,~"] ·of tools,'. equipment, .
woi"ker'i family : .. ; ., . .. :. if~~··;.;;~·.·.-1 .. : ~ac_ l'?E:ry.en sup,erv1_s1~~; .
. :.VVhlire the...eiJ:iployer rs· ~LJtl:lotiz~d.in writjn~·by;,:., 1,;-;·:.!.-~;t~-.~.
pei;!?rfin~.. the. work., ~armed <:5uV. the·
to
the.. em_pioyee-to pay his wag.es .a ·ITie!Jl8~f Of"{.J. ~~~,~~9,Dlf81~f1 Ot S~bC<;>l)~ractor IS fr~e , from the.
his family (/RR of LABOR CODE, ftd.fik1lll, Rule,~ . !1.. ?~l)t~ol a1dfor .d1scre~1on ..of the p_nne,_pal in all
vm:sec. 5(aj). ·. ·. . . "'f' , · - .' . :-.~ . . ,. .,_,.
~~tl!3r~j~o-~-nectedwith \he per:f~rma_nce of the .
••• '. • .' :. • . ~.. ~V--~~
• ·, ,'0 : )/>(t.: . .~
. _Work t:J'C~.p~ast~ the resylt thereto; ar:,d. ·.
·summary of.Rules o·n Paymenfrof·Wagfis·- .. · r~ .. 4_. The· §.erv1ce~.Agre~ment ehsures. compliance
· · · · ·· · . . · · .. .,,.._.,.,.. ~::17-~7. ·-,: ··~; •... w.it~j~ll_·-~he\ig~ts .~nd. b~nefrts f~r -:I.II the
{.,. L.eg_al ·ten~er; . P{g6,i,9,tJ_~_JPf9-!1'1is~~~ _ !;~4 · ; ~~~X~~-,/k!)t!J.icon!ractor or ~u.bc?n.tractor
~: • t
~ote.s, ·· v~uchetf}:~J.C.OOp1:m-3~J,.to.k~~i- ·.: J.~1l _tfn:?J..~~!WM~~!,J..?w~(0.0. No. 174-17, Seq.·&).
~ bc~ets, chits_, .a'r anys:.,otl;ler-0.1,jJebtotffer ·. ;-:~~ . ~---:--..,._·,...:..:- · · ·

~~. -·.
f,).

f .
~/ .
th~n·Jega_l.ten~er-(V-P'J\~·,s.-.
.. · _. . .. . . . .. '.• . r.'.
J . · . - -~ote; ·A~Sel)G~. '?f·any.of f.1 ·
the ::qr~gci.ing
J,i,..l':A;l...<?~~s · !t .· ~ .. labor-only· <::OrJtractin~ :arrangement ..
re(Juisite,s
Once every ~w?.(2) we~k~.9~,c;~a..... l;~;~ii:11(P.~~~=ti,tamlq y. NLRC; G,R. No. 114143, August

If.
-,{
' "?Pnth· at. mt~rvals · not1~Je_xc~e~11}1- --:..,:.,.1_~9~6)~ .· · · .. :-'
s1xt~en (1-6).days ·
At'
·· t 1-.:.-,,-.).{rtY .
a~ ri~~r·~i~· pi~G; _bt' ~rid;1~fJ' · ~
· ·· · · · ·· · ' ·
D_irecfly-toth~ ~mpl0.y~e;~ntitled~hereto_..
·· · · ·, · ' ·
·. ·
'
.. , . .The
. ·. ·
· ·
E~i'ste~c~ ;of irilater~i.:Rela~io~s-hi~
parf1es:fr1\iolvedare, · .. , ' '. - ...
·. 1·. ·_Princ~a( ... : ' .· .· . ·. , . . : ':
i;: .
r_r, ····. · ·· :2 .. ,C,::9~fta'ctci.r(Sl!bcontiifctor;.
~nd . · ·· . '. _: .
I:': ..,. ·. :·...
.: . .· ... ·· .. '·. ·. . . ;L ··c_q:ntractor-'semployees (1·AZUCENA;." ·sµpra a_t · ,
r·
f· ___ ....;..... ........-.. ------------- 365)- ·.. ..
!i. · · _ :Jo:i3· CoNTRACT-1-No··o·R· .. In
Tw<>°ti{idh~ of,bontra~ts-i:eq~ir~d a·-Triliteral
,: •' s'ir'.aOON'.TRAC-TOll''C'.P.:~i>'~·.:_-: Relation'ship: -. · . . · . · .: ·.
:"i'fO~-f74·
. ·.. .
.· sERIE$.
. ..
:O.Ji . 29'
. .
_17) ·.-
. ··.... -
. 1. ::·Emplq.ymen( · . C.ontJ:a~t . · . tfelwef:?n··. ;_ _.-itie
.· c¢mtractor/st.toc_oi:itracfp"r !'In~ -its ... employees.
:.. ; .. ,
.': :· .... . . Notwithsranciirig any. oral or written stipulations .
. ART.IC LE ... '1 O~:· ·. ·.· CONTRAttqR,' .. OR' . to. '1h!3.· ·_contrary. the" contract 0:etw~en th'e
SUBCONTRACTOR'.···. : ·· contradorls.ubqor:itractor.. and its. emplpyee~
f:1· · . Job Co~tracti~g· . :or
:Sijt;,coh.tracting .. fs'· ·a~ .
· atran·g!3.rtieritwheteby a :prir'icipc!itagree.s·to fa(rrl'out··.
shall" lie gova·med·.by the .provisions ·of ArticT~s
29fl, arid ,295: .of. the Lab_o·r·code; as ~(nei'lded, ..
... ·. to a <;ontractor·the· p~rfcfJT11an'ce,-or''co01pletion··of a :·iQcl.\JJiing. thE) . provisiqn1, ... :oh . g~t,eral . labor
t specific·;· }ob . or 'work .. within .. a ··definite' .. 'or 'sta~dards.'·. It· shall ·include the ",Jolloyvirig·
. predf;!!ermined ·period; re·gardie~s ~f wh~ther sucP, : .stipulations: . .. . ..
. job or work is to'M p'erfolllled.or co'n'lpleteidwithin or ~; · The specific descript[on of the.jot;> 6..rwork.to· .
. outside th_e:pr.emises of tt:ie_principaf.(D.O. No: 17+ be performed_.by lhE;! -ernploye'e;·and. '•.: . .
· 17, $ec. 3(c)). · · ·. ,· ." . · ·: · .....
. . . '. . '

2019 SAN.SEDA 1.,AW_CENTRALIZED BARQPERATIONS I 63

 LAB.ORSTAND.ARD.S
SAN B~D~ LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS- MF.MORYAID 2019"
i Ri&P Miffl2 Ai i WM

b: .. The- place of work and terms and. condition .
of employment, including a sfateirnerit pf tl)e
wage rate applicable to. the individu.;il .
employee... · ·
_The contractor/" subepntractor shail inform)he
._ einp!oy~~ of the foregoing stipulations- in writing
on or: before the first day of hisfher ~mployment
.(b.Q. No. f74-1"7, Sec. 1,1). · · ··
2 .. · SeNice Agreeme,:it between the. principal •and
"the · 'contractor cont.aining +.the terms and ·
. conditions · · governh1g · · the .performance or
• completion ·ofa spe_dtic job-or w9rk),eing farmed.
out for c1_defini.te orpredetermined period (.D.O .. ·. ·
. No., 1.74,;.17,. Sec: .3(i)). The service.aqreement
shall include tlie:·foUowj~·g: . · ·. . .
'a. The specific de$ciiption .. of-the Job or work
. be.irig subcontracted.vineludinq its)erm~,,.9f=.,::,x-..=..,;...i1:fu~ed(Aklan v. :-san Miguel Corp., ."GR No.
duration;. . · . . · · · . · "'j"
: b. .Tfte.place' or work and ~erm~ -~·Qd~.9nq7jt!fns
· govern1i:,g·· the C?Ontrac~mg
l .
·,~~~f~~~~= . ~fl.!id1~.
!nclude the ~greed..a~ouiy;2t-th~,f~W:fa"cted ·
Job or· work ·as well;ras~4ij~y~ta.w.,tard"=7,'-"?1:::empJa_mt~~nee~·'°er
·. admii:iistrative ·fee o~ .#,~e_s~_:Jfian,fi~%
·the t()t~l _cost; c!n? . // .. V.f
•two (2) yea~s. ur:ile.ss cancell~d after due.~rocess ..
The· same shall be· valid in U.,e· region where it· is .
regi~tered. . · ·
In case the. contractor has Service· Agr'eements or
opera~es outside t_he ju"rii;,.diction of the Regional
. Office where it is registered, it shall -request .a duly
authenticated copy of its. Certificate of Registratioo-
. from the' r~gistering · Regional Office ·and st.ibrriit the ·
. same-to .the DOLE.Regional Office where·.it-seeks tq
· operate, . together wi_th a copy · pf its Seryice
Agreement/sjn .the are~. fo.r.purpo~es _of monitoril}g
C!)!T)"plianc~. with ·the rule!;l· "(D.O. No.. 1-74~17,. Sec,
20). _ . . ..
Note:·-The_absence of a registration .only gives rise
.:· tothe presumptionthatthe contractor is en~aged in ·
labor-only contractlng; a presumption that can be
#'#"r . 116'$So7..,.~Qecember 11, 2008). . ·- · ·
p- ~
j\.{ . . . :._ ... · .
0;:J,ncellation of Registration.
·
.
The~-sR':\tgib~l~~_rec_tqrsh~II. upq~· a. veri~ied
revoke the reg1strat1on of .a :
ri ;,t' ··(W.iltr~tl9r 'l:l;El;r:::~Q.e\/?roce~s.
J . . . Jr' ~'"' - .J(91low1_n~.~ro~eq~: ~1~S-L<:_i_L~-FF-P1_01~·.C~de)
·oased on .any_ of the

c. Aprovision on.the.1s9~ancetf>tthe-po_nd'.:.:_L!i"~-~:.._:_~~J~fPTes~~VoJ1tffac_tsm the appl/cat,on;

_ rene:,yable.eve,:y.yel';lf°(}J..6#/'.ifo. 1'7;4-17, ~- ~l 2., "fl!onrubml~f!£.!Jit~erv1ce Aweemenr~etween
· .. Sec. 11): -: : } ~~( f _ f . '~~J~, I ~s:tlne ~(!nciRat~~d.tlj~contra~to_r-wh~n requ_ir~d to
· . . !I ~,'t l· b ~Yiiiil~.J do ~o. ~ ~f ~ .
S~bstanti~I. Capitar. r.ef#~s'<:t.Q,(·~p~i;9.l·cipit~!~~;.N<}~~f is»~o~ df,Y~he req~ired §em!-anntJal
stocli:.s/shc!r~s .of .at least P?1_poq1 ~f ~'!J?.>R.~
of_ corpor~bo~s, parther~J:itP~.l~ne· l;!pop ~~~ ;} 1~
9 ij·
~~e.."':'· ':f'r. , .r.e~/11?.,a~; ~rGV(~tkf 1n Sec.· ?2 (SefT!t-annu~I
Jt~>r,1@in!;J ~freof);I,/_ . .. ·
the_ ca.se. of s.11:igle pr(?pne~o~~~1p,. a f\et.1~W~,:--l~lll.1 .-,Z~~com_p11an~eJwrth La~r s.tandards anq
least P5,009,QOO.OO. (p.o~ No,:~1!1-.17~c. a~1~r-. .,,t,• 0'"~rk!nW'co~diti~p.sJ . .. . _ . . ..
(/))_. . . ' · . ' ,· . \. · . ,_ (. se,Efrf~~. a-~
·' ·.. . . · . · · · · ~-· · ·J> ·,;.~.,_.~Rh11He~Jtu.,-aMECCLaw$;
o~~pon,pJ1an~~.~ith ?S~. the,H[?MF,_ Pag-:ll;,tg,_· ·
·. . · ·· ·
No~~;."Subst':mtial cap_ital"..~~--"(n_ve_~tn10}.-.~ls.."='=~~t!fli:{li~s~rf'of· a. falsified . i;>r.· tampered·
eqcur>;~e~tJ·. 1mplem':'n~~ .. rri~ch11)e.n(3s~_-. :.c!P<!'.J__. ork_ 1i · ,~ f>._~ai.!~_ · lii&tiori or . supporting. docu_meflts : to the
. pr~rn1se~ . sh_~uld be. ~reated: a~ ,.tw<?--d1.~.b~~r1~ . 1\liL_J;;tiPPJfoationfor r~ist_ration; . · ·. ..i . · · . · · ·; ·
. ~eparate ~eq_u,re.lJ'.lents 1n.d.eterm.1rnng_ whet.~e~.tti~~:="7- ..· Colleyting any fees not .authorized~by Jaw and. ·
.IS ' per_mlS~Uble .· . ~ntraqtip~, _-.or ·, .s_a_~C.0!'1t(act1ng -· . ·: ofher .api:>Jicab[e_rules and regulations; . .
arr.,in9em~n! (N~r, v._ NL[.Z~•.. <$·£5· .Nf?~·.. _9!00~-09, · . B: F:iriding_s thro.ugh arpitrati_on. that tbe:.contractor..
: July 23, 1993Ji . •. . . · · . ·. . ' <· :~ tias engaged in" labor':Qn[y cont_ractii,g_'and/or the.\
.. -·. f.rr:>hibited ,acfix_itie:s.· a~_."provided ·in ·:sectiot:1 6.
Mandatory .Regi"stration and -~e~i~.ti",'.: . "of : (Other Prohibitions) thereof;· afl'd ··. , .
Legitimate Contr.tctots . · .·
Consistent with. th·e authority of. .the' Secret_ary ·ot"
.. ; 9. f:il:idings· o'f. viQiation of :'See.·. _m: ·(Righ~ of
· contr_actor's ernj:!Joyees) ·or· Sec.. .11 (Required
Labor anq "Erl)ploym~n~ "tci "restrlct. or pri).li1b)t ·the · _contracts) of these rules; · . :'
. cqntrapting ou\. ot· .fc~bci( _to protect"'the···.nghts of. · 10. Violatkins of any provisions bf the,Labor Code
.. wQrkers, _it shail ~e . mandatory tor ·all p~rsoris or >-' (D.O. No. 17-4".:17; $ec. 23):·· . .
eritlties."; a¢ting ·:as cootra·ctor$':to regis~er with .~he
Reg"ional Off.ice of the _DO.LE where: if pnncip_ally· Effec.ts ot" Canceilation of R~gJstratio~ . ,
. 'ope~a\e$_(D. 0. No; 1.14-17, .Sec. 14): . .. _', · . . . · A . final ordei: oL car:icellaii:on shall divest· .the
. 'laitt;t)ty.. of' :Certlfjcat~'. . o; ." ~egistr~tiO!'l of ) contraqtor ·of . its le"gitimate status to engage· . in ..
: conti:actin"g/;,ubcontrapting.. . .. Such ··;,order of
· . Coiitra.ctor~ · . _ : . . .. · : . . . . . . . ·. . c~nce!lation- shall be" a ground to ~eny an applicat(o.n
·The contractor-.shall- be· deemed fegi~fereq ohJy· on ·-for. renewal of regist.ratiori to a-contfactor under'1he·
· tl'.te date of. issuance. of its Cer:tifi_cate of Registn,diQfl. ~~:. . ....
The . . Certificate
. . of. Registration
.. $hall be effec.:tive
. .. for

q4 2019 $AN BEDA LAW ~f;NTRALJ?E.D BAR OPERA TJONS.

 a
·LA--BoR. STANt>AROS.
SAN BED.A I.AW CENTRALIZEDBAR opERATIONS~ MENIORYAID~o19

):.
..
. _.\
",)_·
.... lllllll .......

No contractor who'se
-
llml ......

registration· js cancelled
.
llilml.........

. under .
.
lS!IIIRll'lll!&llllljill!W.illm!lmllll
......... mlCll... !lllllarl;.
~
Note;. "C~~o" ~efersto a person or group of
J.~, : these Rules or any 9f its officers shall be allowed to · persons or to a lat?or group whicH, under the
}. · operate· andapply for new re9istration as contractor _guise of labor orgc;1nization, cooperative or
·,~. . under either the same or' different name. · ·. · any entity, supp1iesworkers to an employer,

l.. The_'ca~~ell~;i~~ o(~e· ~~~istra~i~~ of .; contractor

'with or . without any· monetary or · other
consideratfon, whethe·r in ttiiil cspacity of an

l
', for.engaging in labor-only c.cmtr-ac~ing or for violation agent of the employer or as.'alJ osterisible
:.: · of .any-of the "provislons of. the Rules involving a indep·endent contractor ·(D.O. No: -174-17,
":: 'particular Setyice- Agreement will not, however, Sec. 3(b)).,... .
~-- .: · impair· _the :.yalidity.. of e?<isting 'Jegiti"}afe job
~\ contracting arrangements the contractor may have . · "In-house' Agency" refers to ~ contractor
rf .· entere~ into with other principals prlor to· the· · which is owned, .manaqed; or· controlled.:
~.':- . carrcellation., 'of its regist_ration.. Any_. valid· and . direc.tly or lndir,eptly,by. the princlpal .or on·e ·
~· . !iubsistfng Service Agreement shell- be respected. where the principal owns/represents any'
f . until . its explration;' thereafter, contracting with a _. share of stocl$ and which operates solely or·

',[i: delisted contractor shalF make. th~ principal direct

~;, .' employer- of 1311 employees· under . the Service . .
Agreef!lents_pu_r~uantto_Articles 106 .and 109 onhe
' mainly for-the _principal' (D.O. No. 174-1.7,
. · See.· 3(f)). · ··. .
· 2. Requiring·. "the . contractor's/subcontractor's
·. . · .

I .. Labor Code (D._O. No. 174-17, Sec. 26). . .

. · .· .·.
vf Lab.or-bnly Contracting. .
. . .. ·
.
ft- '1t referstoan arrangement w.her.e the cohtractcjt'o.r/:{1'?~.
.
.
.
· · .,,../--.
. . ji/·_.';,;!(
· employees: .
a. To perform functlons y,.,hich
. . . _ . . .. .

.. .- being performed by the regular employees .

. of-theprincipal: .
ar~ ·..
·. ..
currently .

.
l· · Sl!bcoritra~torrecruits, suppU~s-~r places .wof!<ei:s1 :t9': . ~:. . . b. To ~!gn, as. a precondition to _empl'oyment.<;>r
: perf'.orm·a [obor work.for c1 principal, an~ <?f the }f1.... ., ''-:,\.,.-.-.,?~·~.· co9t.ir\u~d· em·p1oym:en_t, ~n... a_nted~ted_
(2) elemen~s·hereu_l)der: · · . · .· __,;.-,,~· t,.-,•/(':.:...1.!...~~~~.s,ig_Q,=1t1onletter;·a btank pay,ron;_-_;:a_ waiver
;..
.. · . a ... Th~ c.ontr13ctoror subcontractor:,.<:o//· . \.v rJ -, . · '·-oP-fabor. st~nd~r.ds including minim urn·
i · · . ·. . i. · Do.:~ not have ei~~er._sub~l,nti~I capit~l}::-}.~ wa_qff,and :_.socia} o.r welfare bepe~t~;. pr· a
II:·
i:
rt~
· · .. _ qr investment~ · .1rf the F<zirttJl>J~f too~;- P\.
·
. .
.equipment, . niac.hiAerie~{-·/sJ¢.f.tr.visiol),
'work J>remis~s.a'!TIO!)~{ Pth~r~,~ . ;...'
l·,
~a\
::
·. .
qul.Jo,·Ill} releasing ttie :· pru:1.c1paL or
91ntr'. ct&r- from liability· ~s· to· payment of
{i;tur cl.\)i;ns, or-.re'quirl;)' the employee· to_
£. · ·ii:·. _AND the. empl?,Y~~ · _.rEfy&JJted,_ an9~ !i'f•\ ~--:)~eco.lne·a-'i;nember c;if a c~operatLyE!; .
~' . . . . pla.ced a'r~ . perfor~-ir:ig"':cmt00,fi13sw'b.lft,l . ft1 3. . R'%tiJffli'l1t~~.iwmpk>yees... . un(!er- . . a.
¥.:-, · . _. : · a,re.d}r?ctly relafed~tq;_~h.eVl~i!1'6usin.e-S~ - · ~fi( .cdntra~fum.st.rhcontra.cti~ga'r_rangement to sign
r. ·. . ·Qpe~t1on of. ~e prmc1j:!i:!l:t9.£-·-c.<:t ·.' }!_ t} a contract fixing the·.penod::of employment to a
~ ·: b. :The·.7~>r'itraclor .or subconJr~~ior·.-d~~s'_not : Jrb;·. term shorter-. ttian_ ._ttie\:!¢rrir ~f .. try·~·_-;Se~ice-
k{·: · exercise _the nglit . .to contr.pi-;,tdv.er_ the . :. .,,~'tfl•;?A,!l,~,i; 7i;nent, 4nle~)he· c,~ntrapt 15·d1v1s1.ble. mto
t ·· performa~·ce:of ·tti~ ·work <?f .th,~-er'!'J8JojF......;,.u~..l.~pf.ta·~~1tor whi~l:l ~.ub~_ia11tially-d_iff~re!1tsk,i!ls:are
p~;.- . (D.Q .. No. 1-74, Sec. 3,5), · · f/_J (,/\/ · .-. ~equir.e~; an.-d. t~1s 1~ m~de kriown· to:. th¢·
t, . . . . . .. . .· . "'~:,i.!;.\. . ElmPl?Y~e a~ ~he)1m~ ._of_e_~gagem_l:!nt;_ : . . - .
&:: · .. t;rote: There 1s .labcr-only contr~c.t1hg. ey,e!'} 1f cml~ 4. Repe~te~ hmng .PY_ tn~· cor:itraoto_r/su?.contractor-:
~,.
~ · one of.the -. two
. . (2) elem_entsabpve 1s pre$ent . . .(Coca~ of. emplpyeel?..
. ~nder·a~ . _empf<>yme,r'lt
.. . .contra~t..o(
r/ .Cb/a .Bot:tters.Phil~ .•Jnc; v.. Agito, G:R, Nq ... 179546; · -shqrt d1:1ratior:,; ·.. .. · . , ...., ·, . . . . . .
~~. February-1$_;'2009).· .... ·. ,. . 5. .1Such'- oth~r pr-;act1ces, schemes. c.r employm.ent
t. · · · · · ·. ' · · . ~rrangememts de~jgned: to ci(~mve,nnhe right ·
r. Labor"Oril_y ·-contracUn~- .is. ·_IE}gally . wr.ong; ~od · to-sect.irity,oftenµre (D.(). _No.,..171717, Sec. '6)..
j-, prqh'i_bit~d.t:>ecause .it is an attempt··to. eyade lhe . . . . . . . .
f. ·
( .. .
o.blis;iati~nsof~n en:ipioye((1Azucena; p. 307). -:... ·
.
· ·No~-applica~i!ity·· .._.of .. Prol"!ib\tlo~ .in Spec!ffc
Industries·,. .. . . ... ·. · .
·· · o't.he·dllicit For_-ms· of.Erriploym_Eint Arr'ange·~e~ts. · The p·rohibitlon against· labor-bnly·. contracting does.

rr' . . :
lj
1. . Contracting\ut ofjobs, wor~s; cir serv)ces: . . . ·
a:.· .Thip_ugh an in-tioose' ~gency; - .
b: · Through .'~n :.fn-liouse coope11:1tive which
.
not ;apply 1o:· (BKIL-HAM-BACSO) .
. 1 ... .flusines.s pi:oc.ess .ou.tsourcin~·· .·
2. -~nowle.dg¢ proces.s C>Utsourcing;: .
. .

,/. . . ... merely supplies.wo.rk~rs)o the·pnr:icipal;· ;3'. -_. ff infrastructure'outsourtjng;· : ' .

~: :- . '.· c .. , By reaso11 of. a ._strike or ·:1ocko_uf'whether 4, · ,begal_ 'process outsourcing; ·. ·
f;c- . . ·actual or- imminent; · 5;· !!ardv.,are ·and/or softwa~e support; ·. ·
~- ct. Being. p·erfom,_ed··by l,Jnion m_emb_ers whe.n · 6. AJ)plication deye_lopment~ : .' . -: ·
~;._ such· will interfere· with, ·.restrain. or· coerce V. Medical transcription·;·. · ... . ·
Pf; . employees iii the exercise of their- rights ·to. a:
. Back -office op_er,atjon,s/supporf;:
t-F . . $elf-org·an.ization. as. provided ln · Alt. 259 of 9. Anima·uo.nservices; · · · · ··
~: . the Labor Co9e, as amended·to a_1"C~bob. .1 Q•. Qonstruction· industry; . :
!:.
i( 2019 5A.N BEDA _LAW CENTRAL,_IZED BAR OPE.RATIONS 65'

ir
 51?45.PS9Mi4 w· Pi i&S§ff'll!,)Q

LAB.OR S.TANDA·RD-,S.:
SAN BEDA IA)N C~NTRALIZED BAR OPER~TION}i -MEMORY AID 201?
· ·~:M4!6Mbil&.:,21m . HCM'!ttbMS¥.. fi A ''"'""
' IARiiM!i@i11iiss+.sfAMJi¥HW·,fSi;p69·M9 IA5·W&&l·t·I

11. Private .§.ecurity ag·encies; and . .· ARTICLE 107: INDIRECT EMPLOYER

·f2._ Qther contractual relationships (Di(:;.No. 01-17). The provislon of Art.
106 shall likewlse apply to any
-person,. partnership , · assoclatlon · or corporation
which, not being_ an employer, contracts witti 'an
independent contractor for the performance of any
work.fask, jobor project (L.Jl.BO~CODE, A.rt. 101).
POS'riNG 0 0

ARTICLE 108: OF BOND .

~ii employer.or .indirect employer may require the
· _The employer ·. . or The employer/ .princlpal contractoror subcontractor to furnish a ·bond equal
...· :·prindpal is 'merely an ·is -treated as direct to thecost of.laborunder contract, on condition that
indirect ... employer, .. by employer ·- "of . the· ft:ie bond'.. will answer for: ttie··. ·wages-· due the.
·. operattcn ot.Iaw, bf his contractor's; employees . employees should _the contractor or .subcon:trador,
contractor's 'employees in: . ·an·: '. instances .. ·as the _case may be,.fail to pay the same (LABOR·
·(PCIALitomatienCenter, (contractor is. deemed -, . CODE,. Art: 1.08).
itne-. v4 _NLRC,. G~R• -No: i3·gent' of. the· employer) . · '· · . . ~ .
115920 Jant,Jaiy' 29, (Manila Water Company ·. ··. 'The bond.shaltbe equal to thecost or laborunder-
_1996). · v..,:··.Pena· G.R·~ No: con;racf(1 POQUIZ,·supra·at330). -·
· . · · · 158255,.Ju/y''B, 20041_""~~-J-;,~ . .. · . ·
.
_ . ~ · · - lrj··· \._.
·_No\e!',~t)ere.~he emplqye'r fails to. require -the :
·cql'}tral:to(tQ,(>O~t-a bond, the employer must answer
: . • • .• - ~- . . . Y· .·. . -· . ---=7-:-4Qt.. ~a,g.'!P?~-ll~bilitii:!~,the _contra!?tor . may 'have
The=faw creates ian Er-' Tile ·st.t'M~-cr,eatesan ·· mc'Orr.~~tohJ~~~}nployees. This i~.wijh,out·prejudlce
Ee . relationship for · ·a Er-Eefr'eTat\otisffiRAo~a ~~r"'t~its~eekJn'![te1~,ursemenffrom the-contractor fcir.
llrriited purpose. (i.e. to co~f{~~:~~~~
ensure·.· . that . the putpo~e~(\.'!'e, toJpf_ev~nt .
r~ . it'. - T.
f~- ~~ate~··))~~®~\, v,.,m have t9.· pay the said_
.~~ploye~s (B_a§wb v.-\NLRC,·G.R.. Na.-,79004-08,
employees .aYepa;dtheir a fie'Omvfu>Uonl.of J•.!>2" ~'· 199\(zj)·1 '. ·.· , . ·
. '!"ages).('SMCv.MAER<;-la'f"l~)?fs.~c-.v ..-~A€RJJ.' 1 .. ·--·:;: ., .··~;, ..,..,,4ft - . . . : ·_- . .,
·. , 'lhtegra~ed. · Services, tittig"1'a~9-~·, _:_ ~ervic~i.- · '. ~--e{fe--C;ts_·{of Vi.olfi'~lc;m1Q[ Sec~: 10 or 11 on the,
· Ina.; .G.R;··flio. 144672,· -lqc,;,;;jG.~f. No.·;/l,446'1t;, 1' , ;r,oh1b1,_1onaga.1nst·~t:Labor-OnlyContracting,
. July 10; _?003).' , ·. · °'. . -Jf!ijt~1G)·•?..OOID](\.. ' 1':'=~- _-A .fil'.)df/f~))Ni_oJ~ti?n·qt ·_eit~er .Sedi?ns ··_1_o" or_ 11
. .· .. • . . ~t I);',,ere~~'~J(r~:r:i,cier~~pnn~1p?It~e· diree:t _employer ..
. . .. ·. : ... ·. .;,, .. __ I ,. . . . ~i ~~~~!}~~ID,Pfoy of 7U'ld-contrador
~s or.subcontractor,
Th~ p~mcipal be?otne.s· '.fh~ (?~i!\d~R~! ·6 .. S !, .. ~P.?.l1 .·to j_~· -~?9J~~ the Labor C8d~~(D.O. NC?:..
·sohdanlt h~_ble· WJth the ~0!1ct~.r~1y ·habl~ wit '..f~ """:-,....,..~ -1~-, '. ~~ ?2). .f.' ·· · : · 't ·.· ·
contractor · 1n the event contrattor not"".--Qnl -:# 'lEN'J\ ~ .-· _,,.r ,. ). · · ,.. ·' · ·
the fatter faili to p_ay•tne ·u~p.aid''\~~ges}p~f>.~~_¢ ~~'='.,Jt~V?,f.~e,~~1,IJ.a.tlon of Empl~y_ment · · ,.·. .
_~mplo_yees:. -~.ages an._i;f for. af!·.~f~igfl'ttu._J;:.'~jlJ'(s,;,~~"f[e:.tr~~t!J)rf"Of.the contr?ctors employe_e_ pnorto
, _few, :v•o_latior:i. ot·~·lab9r of"the·~_mPL?~~~i:wer · '\.A'_'~~e~p~i:,'i;i.fronof the SeP11ce Agreement shall b_e ·
. •standard ·· -laws: ·-Th.e ·the,· lab'dr . Cod?l'·-.:ang, 1\11.fg~y,~ect.byAr:t,s.. -297,.-298, and· 29J} of the ·..Labor ·
. li~bifity;"how.ever,'__. does·:~ncfllary ·lai(Js'-(SMC v:·9=='C~e.' ·.. ·-··· · ,. · ·.; · · · : . ·. · :,_ '·.·
·. ' not~ ,~".'tend . ·to· the MAERC. ·; Integrated · · ·. · ·... ·. ~.. ~.: ··.: . · . · i ·: · · '· · ··.
·.payment of oack-wages ,S(Jrilioes;. 1n·c.," 'G,R. No.. In case th!:l termination of the employment-is caused . :
-Qf '_separatioi, · ·. piiiy · ·ot 14467?; .July 10,-2003).. by. t_he pre-(ertninEition of t):l~ Service Ame~menf n~f
employ'3eS who: ,are- .. :.. · . . . -. due.to:th~ authorized. causes-:under, Art.·-298; the
ill~gally_. pi_sril.issetj .. ·righfqUti~< ei.pploye~s-'of the· contrac,.tor to urfpaid
· :($osewood .. p;oces$il'ig'. ,, . · · : ·.- · · ·wag~"$ ~nd, othSr ·'. unpaid . . benefits·.... inclu_c;lifig
: . v, . NLRC, . G.R. No. .unremittec;f legal· mandatory contributiol')s~ shall be
· ·1-16416-84; . May -2·1, : · b'orne by.·the··party· ;;it-Jault." Witho.µt prejudice-'to· the · .
·. ·. ?fi.98):-.·. · · · soli.~a_ry.-·liabili{y of. th.a ·.-parties... t~ . the :··S.eryice
.. · Agree'.rnerit. . · ·, _·.:_.·· · .. :,
. .
.
. ·.: ·..
. , . .
. . . .. ..· .... ,••. . .
· . . · 'The rnere e_xpiratioci-0f tl::le:Service,Ameem·enfshali
npt b~ d_~emed as.-a.termination of .employ.ment of..
the · contractor_'s· emP,loy~es -who.: .are,, regull:lr .
e_~ploye_esofltie latter (D.O. _No.' 174·1.7,. Sec.-13) ..
. . ~. . . . .
.. · There is; l:i-·'.pres~nc.e Qt Ther.e··1s an .abse"rice of
\·.: subs.tcintlal capital ·or, :sub~f~i)tiaJ ' c.aP,ital or
· investment: in.vestment.

66 I 2,019
. SAN BEDA LAW
·. CENT~LIZED
. BAR OPERATIONS
. .
 .. MW·

LA~BO.R.ST.A.ND.:AR·os.
w

1t'
..:•· l!lliawwwa
. :SAN'BEDA l.;4W CENTRAL(ZED.BAR OPEllAJ:IONS - MEMORY A/D.2019,_
MPiFFEM.N i-4 4CWSiWdWt&&Y5,Fel&4:tfNC4f8&i
~··.. . '
'[;·· · ARTICLE 109: SOLIDARY LiABILITY. OF-:. THE Government and. other creditors may be paid.
f eRINCIP.AL . '· .. · .. (LABOR CODE, Art. 110.)· · ··
· ,/· · In, permisslble : contracting arrangement, the term
~- •solidary llability'' shall-refer to. the· li1;1bility of the Conditions:· . .
;~ .. principal, pursuant t_o· the provisions qt- two (2) 1. Formal aeclaratio~ of insolvency or bankruptcy;
t.. articles of the Labor Code, namely; . ·
rt 1. ·.-Art '106,.r.egardirig ttleljability·ofthe.princ\pal, in
,· · 2. _ General judicial· liquidation prcceedfnqs of the
employer's business; and r : •• •

j}· the same'rnanner and extent that-he/she is liable 3. Filing. pf claims by workers,..
rt'i..' . to his/her directemployees, 'to 'the extent of the ' .
work performed: under 'the· .confract when the Note: : . . . . .
contractor'falls to· pay- the,wages··.of his/her 1. 'It.esteblishes :a preferenceof credit. and not a
employees, . - ... .: . .. .. · lien.. this· article did -rrot- sweep away the
. Article 109, as-direct emplciyer-tqg~ther·w,iththe. . overriding . preference accorded u.noer. :the·
contractor fo'r any violation otanyproviston of scheme of the Civil Code· to tax claims .of tt.,e ..
tii'e:Labor Code {CH.liN,supt» (Jt257~258). .. . government (DBP v, Secretary ot' Lii,'bo'i; G..R
· No: 79351, November-2~,1989); · .
. . ··N~te':':T:he p'ri~cjpal ~h~li° be- solidarily ilaple with. . · 2 .. It should . be given .· prospective appncatton
the contractor in the event of anyviolation of any . ·.·. (Republic v. Peralta,G.f:?. Nb•. L:.;,i.6'!56/1, May 20,
provision of the L.ab.orCode, includfr1g·fi:iilure to 1987).. . .
·pay··livages.·This will _not prevent the principal ,/'"I · . . . , .· , . _.-., :· ·. -
fro.rn: · 'claimil')Q · reimbursement; from . !~f),'.){ a
· Declaratlon_of bankruptcy or judicial liquida,tior:-r · ·
. cont~actor (A/SA v. NLRC;_, G.'R.- 'No. 111??.?,/;<:;~\ · must be present before ~he worker's preference,
May ~!, f99!), , .. · _ . , . ·· · · . · l'fi' '."·~·.:} ._
!Jla~be en_for<;ed.~r~. J 1_0. ofthe.Labor C?de and ·
·· · _ ·. ··. -, . . . . ·)i ,:,· ., .·,.._L.-~ ...:...~ts IRR.,.caQnot be rnvoke<;l by the enwloyees
_ In fact; even in:th~ a?s~nc.e of Er-~~ rel~ti9~te..: '.!~ ;-~~:;,~~sJ.~\1:9.t;a: formal' declara\ioQ of ban~ruptcy ?r
· between the · . u;1d1rec;t ·. employ~r,.:.;,~6d· ·the°') Gi · :a ~ltq1:11tf~ti:<;>n O'rder (DBP·. Y~-~NLf:?G, G.R.: No:
independent "tbntractor's -work~t~,~oth .thr{i..,.)1 ·.. 108031/J"r[{!/Ch1, 1995). · · .
1.
. ·: ·~r;?~~:!1~r:;~:!;~~ry~~gl~ f~~~~J;Ati;i:~~~".·]1t•t~ ·-. ·.· !'JQfe:,£hij-~\rk~/~r:efer~~c~
. stanaar.d laY{s (G_ailo v. NLRff?G.R. Np'h.FH.1{-::·
is 'NOT ~pplicabl~
rn c,{s_e titio\\ c_mployc~-cprporption. 1s, und9r
!
I
!

·;. tn . .
\
,~;·.,r. Ff]b(.uary2_h:1:991). 'f}h\,. >f';-i' .
. · ·.. \ .r.ehibrhtafio~--(~~bb~rwor/a,In_?'. v. NL-f?.C~GR.
... · _ ·. ; .. ·.1 · _ ~'T ~~?!,~!") · ~"'\,;., . f:'r':I · .fif?i;if.?7rl_'r}?.Pfprjyt4,1999); ..
Fii - . ~:!!.!~~,,. .· :
I ~.~·--
.fr._
.· rne··piit.-cipa1_:sh~11·be deen'i~d· t~ve::~w~Joter-<}tJ
.-
-_ tti_e. contr<1.c!ual emplpyee _ao"a':;,r,~}t,~~t~rre!,:t~. ,
liable, such as:in.following cases,i.a§":decla~r.edby ·
. competent cjuthority: . . '· ~-\'¥:~j;)) .- '.. .
t"l/
.. . , . ..
Ttie P.referent1al.·nght ac.cor<;l~ .to, employ~~s
1•{-,-r..--c;1nd wor.kers under Art. 11.0.may.be:invoked only
.J~t~/·,.'•:_"-.1doffog.. bankruptcy or_ . : judii:!ial .. liquidation..
. . 'i: . !-abor-only:conf!.acting;ana: 1-;f · ·. /f';F.,::;:-::i.~t!.~'iWoi!eedings
i
i

I
. · against' . the 'employer .-. (DBP :. ;.,: ·
~--. · · 2. ·. Coti'tractirig :arrang~ment talli~~fwitl].ifl(fh~ · · · Secretary,ofDibor,.G.R. No. 79351_. November·
~·.- · ; :: .. Prohibiti_ohs _,(B(iJadway .·_Motdf.~~:,,./Ji~-- V, ·. · 28, 198~).' . . . . ..
, •. · · NLRC, G.Ri· .N.o: '78982, Dec~m~er 14; ·
,:- . ·,. f.987f . . . . . . .- . . . S1ispension of · pa'yments:_· brder . by. :Jhe 'SEC'
.

r::· . ~ /.~·
. Note: GeneralJy, theic<intra.ctori~ ·pi"es~med to
~- be.' a. ~ll:lbOr"o!'lrY . contraµor_;·.,. ur,les·s : stjch
f contractor overc;::omes the: burden of proving tha.~
. it has'·fhe substarilial 'capital,.,: i'nvestment;.tools
and-the ·lil~e,· Howeve(,.Wh~re tf:ie· principal'ii,;' the
·.· one claiming. that.the d,htrador.fs·.{legitimate
contractor, .,said principal_ .has·: th_e burden of
. :·p,rovirig, -(~at ·suppc,:isaj.. sta~l_ls:}Afii~ri v. Petr<?ri
· .· Corporatipn;-GJ~.·No:·'177592, Jvrte 9, 2014)..
Ai:t-r,cLE 110: wt>RKER P.REF·E.RENce IN cAse
OF. BAN.KRUPTCY . .·. . .
.- In. th~· even\ 'of bankrqptcy or liquid~tion. ·of a_n
-employer's business, his workers · s.hall· enjoy first
_preference :as regards.their unp~ld ,;vages and either
rnon!3lary claim's/ar.,y provision'of !aw:to the contrary
notwithstanding: Such'unpaid wages .and monetary
c1arms :h-~Ube paid in ·full'before the ctaiins. of the
-mandates the' l)olding ii) abeyance ~he filing or' the
. proceedings .o~, labor .cas~s ag~inst ·an (~mployer' .
who' is u:ntj~r rehabilitation to give 'the em:ployer the .
..cha.nee to· con~~ritrate on ·hqw ..to revive his business .
·aod notbe.distractetl:in'tryingto defend itselJin labor .
:cases filed against"it' (Rubbe~oria, . fh'c.. 11. NLRC,
G.R.' No.. 126773, April't4, 1~9fJ):· .. ·. ·. . · -~
. . .. . .
Effect ~f A)i. ·110
on the Ci'vi~:code'Pr~visions ·.
The· right·of rirst. preferenc;:e or unpaig wagt:is and
. other monetacy· clairris·.of workers accorded .by Art:
1-10 daes.r,ot .CQl)Stitute ~ fien.on the prope,r,tyof Uie
insolvent debtpr:~in .favor· o(wqr)<ers. It i~'.just .a·
preferen~e)n th~ir favor ·prefeired_:in appiication .
Preferen.ce applies to claims which ao·not attach tci ·
s'pecific properties while' lien atfa.ches to ~ particular .
prop~rty'(DBPv. NLRC, GR .. No. ,79~51, Nov.ember
. 28, .f 989). .

~Ol!=;l SAN Bfi:DA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS 1'67

 -···-1

·LABOR.STA·NDARDS··
SAN BED,;
. . lAW..CENTnAllZED
. .· BAR . .
. OPERATIONS - MEMORY A10· 2o-i9
. ..

ARTICLE 111: ATTORNEY'S FEES 3. N<;) employer shall° make any Qeductions from
Rules: · ' the employee's Wc\Qes except when· authorized
1. · 1n cases of unlawful withholding· of wages." .the to. do· S\J_ (~BOR 'COPE, ·Art. 113; . Wage
. . . ' culpable party "may be assessed-attorl)ey's fees· Deduction)::. · · · · . ·. . .. ·
. - ; .equivalent to 10.% oL,the. amount. of W?iges- 4. · No employer· shall· Beq!,Jire the worker ·10 make .
·.racc:-ver~.(~BO'R GODE, 111). Art. deposits from which deductions -shall' be made
of
for reimbursement of. loss or-damage to tools..
: .Note: The 10% or,Jy··serves.as the·m~5cimum,of materials; ··.or. equipment· supplied ·_by __ the
.the:.award ihat may. be granted.. It does riot. employer.except whenthe employer is engaged
pr~clude th¢ Court from fixing an amour:i.t low~r in SU Ch business . requiring SU Ch deposits ·as
·. than- .tl:1e. ten percent ·ceiling -prescribed. by ·the . determined-by the Secretary ·ef· Labor (J:..ABOR
: article· - When· the cifci.JmstanceS · Wair.ant.· it ··.CODE, Art.. 114, Deposits for Loss or Damage);.·-
. (Hoegh . Fl.e~t. Services ... v. Turallc( GJ:r No: 5.. No:employet $hall-~ake_~my QedLiction.fr~_m·th~··
. 2304.81; Ju1y·25_; 2017).. . ,., · · employee's.deposlts forthe actual..amount of the · .
loss q( stamage unlessthe.employeehas. been .
2. · ltsh~·,;·be·unlawfl.11 for any person todemand or . · heard the~eb!) and f.lis__ responsibility has been .
· -accept, tn · any·. judicial. or adrninlsfratlve, ··clearly shown ··(LABOR CODE, Art.·. 1·15,
_ ~ proceedings for the recovery of -the wages, ·Limitati9ns);"-. . . .
· : attorney's fees wh icti exceed· 10% of the amQ.!).IJ!,,-..=-..,.=§;:. · No . employer.. sh.a_ll. Withhold. any amount. from
. , .. bf wages recovered (1:.ABpR CODE, Aq-::1-1:f.f). .,f J -~ ~e~~g~s unless ·au~horize? to do so (LABOR
· ·-~.. . · · .. ~ h~ · l 1\rCPd.~.rt. ·_11_6,. Wtthhol?l_';g. of Wap_es .end
Concepts of Att<;>,:ney's ...Fees: 1
.,,~-( .. J _!.,. :::~"'-'=---=~ ... JS!ck!fac/JsVa:oh1b1ted); . · .. · . ·· · .
1. . ordinary ': rea~oriable co~~~siu~!J,:_Rslid''fo_a .:· 7. ""~~Jh,p!9/~:Alhall Jn_du~e the ~ITIPl?Y.ee·t~ give

. rend~r~·d._ ):-0 :;f·

. . .. ~: .. t:. .
. lawyer by his 'client for the .l!:3gaJ\~P!1~es .hec-ha~~~-...---.l.11?..a~~p~t'.1 his :Hages · by force, stealth, . 4~
ro) o::- "'\VT ·intir\)idat~~\«t1Jfe,!ordtsmtssal orbyany qt_her .:
2. ,Extraordmary-1ndemnityforaa'~ag~~ordere~l _.o 4~ _mea,rs Wil.l\6ut. t\ls (workerj-consent- (LABOR
by .the. court to be paid· !$~he l9"i:,ing garty ii'\ a . :: ·. ·· coqp, ·.Air,(!~ \withholding of Wagf)~. and
l.itigatio11 and-ls not to· bj.f:>,W-iJ•tb the lawyer puf. . ~:--~acks f?(d1Jlbit1d); . . . : . . .
tJ1f to elien_t,. ttnl~SS; thw~'fiav.1ragr~e.ciih~f~?.-
award. shalt pertain to thW. la)f-Y~r as an acld1t10~1;1~fil!lrml ~ .cq
5!7~0:_ empl';)Y,ef·~_all . f:':ake · :Qe~u<;:tion~· as·:
eratlo~Jofic.:i ~rom,.s~. of ernpli,yment or.
. compensation or. as af"~a~ther~rf{~~*:£ ••.-...l~t. W, offfemp.lojnent (LABOR. CODE; . ~:f.. ;,
:.. R.~Ya/ Bank Empl~yee~ tl[lfltfilf!d§'Q.e~· d~nt_..V:Yffi. l ,1, ~ · 1~ ~'c!ucttdnc~ff;nsureEmployment); ·. · · ·
.· : NLRC;.G.R: filo, 120592~,1rAarch~14, }1!~~\/iJ··j}~~A~1J1PIO¥F~ shall/Refuse to ~ay:o_r ~educe the,
·.. · . ·.. '·. .· . . ,\ ' ·\_ .. ZP.~,a:z" J '-1:~~a~es: qOtJ "Def.l~»fa ~.r.ptJ,er.y1.se;d1sc::haf.ge the.
· Note: The _extrabrdinary.conc~et -of a~m:ey~fe~,.....V.-# ~_jifplox,a\\'.hOtifS fil_edany complc!!inl und~r.thii,
.: ·is. .tl)_e·.or.ie contemplated. in Ar:t\.\111. ot'1~__:_l;~~'i~:(~itl~6.r has t'est1fied o(.i~ about fo testify ih such
: · .. Cod~ (Hoegh Fleet Services. v. "'J;Jf.,_ralfo;-;,<j._~?;__~ w:o.ce~$.iQ.9_~1(fLAB.QR C.ODE, · Art.. 118,
· .·· 230481, ·July 26,.2017).. . . -~ ..f_9f.71-"'=-.r:-.' :~:::~(ahfJlO!)'!_Meas_ure~); ~"fld·. ,·. . ,, : : ·
.... : ... · · . · . _
· GHAPTER · 1y: . P_ROH.IBITIQN~ .. REGARE>JY
· _ ..·~-;,._v.1 ·.
...~
·M l!Os_:~te)iployer.st:i_allmake ;:iny:~t~temento:_repo,:l ·
_.1.l"~_QJ,Ptec.ord.. ~n,owing· such· s_tat~ment, repo,:t or
~- WAGES . ·, . - .·. , .. : · . · · -_: '-'."=---r-.. .record· to be' faJse· in. any' materi~1 · respect
,.. . ... (l.:ABOR COD!='.Arf 1/91Fa/seReportirig).". . .
. to c"orriman·d·m~i:it~for' t_he e~·p_loy~r:_. . . .. . . . : . . . . ..
(IF-QR-DWID"-RefuseS) .. -,~ .. ARTICLE·, 112: : ·NON-INTERFERENCE··· IN.
1. .No employ~r shall fnt¢rfere with ttfe .employee.'.s :: . ._PI.SP.OSAL.OF ~AG.ES .· -· · ·. ·· · · . · · ··
· .. fr.eedom ·. to ..:<;11sp6se· .. of his wag·es .. (LABOR .. No einpJoyer .shall:· · · · .· . . .
.,n
QO[)E,: Arl. ·:1-12, N.on-Jttferference Dispos~I of . - - : ·1 .. · Lim)t- or othe.rwise interfere··with. UJ°e freedom to.
. W~gesJ;·_ · .. . . ... ·.... .-· .. · · . . . ~ . · . :' dis.pose wages· ' · ·· · . ·. · .·· . ·.. · .
. : ·2,. No .er,:npl_oy~r shall Eorce, compel; or ·oblige .. ,' . 2 .. ·!=o'rc~~- · CO'T!pei or. ol;)lig~ · his· erriployees to -
. employees . •, "to. . p.1..irch~se.. : metch_g_ndise,. . . j:>urchas.e: merchandise, ec:,mino~itie_s;,"or ;other . .
... commodities or . pJher. 'property:. from .. the .. properties "from the employer or"from· any"other
.. e"rr:,p_loyeror.from·any other.person, or otherwise person, or otherwise make use of any store or .
. ~ake ,use of any: store. C)r· services. of such . . se,:vice ot such.·employer or. ·any. other;-p~rson
employer or: any o~her person ,(LABOR CODE, ···(LABOR CODE;,-Art. ·112). · . ..···. · ..
Art. · 112,· ._Non:./nterferenea· in DJSi,osat of. · · : · ' · · ·
: ·wages):_ . ·. . " Note:.. Any vio.latior, of 'the _provision· subjecfs. ·the·:.
offender to the··gen·eral penalty clause in Arl ·288 of
_the-Labor·Code (rAZU~ENA,supra at411). _.

68 2019 SAN. SEDA LAW.CENTRALIZED·l3AR ORERATIONS

Pi. . . .

LA:B,OR.·STA.N,DARDS.
S,,,.°l'I Bf'O.~ L4"V CENTRAL/ZED BAR OPERATIONS- MEMORY'AID 2019
., iii MEI . . +ee i#MfAMW>IPiMFISN§Affif)JYJl'.217 ..
IDl:H

Related civu Code Provisions .c. Court judgment, but only for debts incurred
1.. Art. 1705. The laborer's wages shall be paid in . · for food, shelter, · clothing, · and medical
legal currency. ·· · :· · attendance .(CIVIL copE, Ari. 1708).
2. Art. 1706 .. Withholding of the wages, except for
a debt due, shall not be made' by the employer, . 4. Reguiatiori'·lsslied by the Secretary of Labor
3. .Art. 1707. The laborer's wages shall be. lien a ARTICLE '-114: DEPOSITS FOR LOSS. OR
on the goods manutactured or the.workdone.: .
4. · Art, 1708. The laborer's. wages. shall. not b@,.' DAMAGE
subject to .executton or attachment except for General Rule, No employer sHall require his worker ·
. debts incurred-for food, shelter, clothing; 'and . to make deposits ferthe reimbursement of loss ofor
medical attendance. . . : damage to m'aterial;·eq4ipmeht, or tools supplied by.
5 .. Art; rzos, The employer shallneither seize nor . the ·employ.er (L.ABOR CODE; Ari. 114). .. .
retain any tool or ofher articles l?~ior.iging.Jo the ,
laborer. · · · . Exceptkin: .' When the i;ade, occupation ©~
.. businesses oftheemployer recoqnizes, or considers
.. the· practice ·of making deductlons or requiring
ARTfCi.J~ 113: WAGE DEDUCTIONS:
· deposits necessary' qr desirable as determined by
G~ne.ral Rule: Wage.deduction is strictly prohibited·.
!he Secretary of Labor.(LA$0R'CODE, Ari.. 114) ..
(LA_BOR CODE,Art. 113). ·. · . · ·. · . . . · · · . _; ~ ..
EX ti ·. ~-- . -: . . '.. . · ~ Note: Deductlor;is. or requiring' cash deposits is
1: c~t~°E~ploy~e's Conse~~ In Writing · /';)'";,. a.llowed in prh,at~ ~ecurity agE:r.icie7 as a recoqnized
. . lh,,.>·.,4\ .. and reasonable industry practice given the nature of
· a. ss.s payments (1 AZUCE_NA. ~upra at 4/ifi'.i/c9'f\ the service/busiriess (LaborA&visory, No: 11 (2014J,
b. , Ph11Health payments (Id.), . { vi.-, .. ,.. r1J\ Sec 3)
.c:~ Contributions to Paq-lblq Fund (Id);_: J
/ii~·;;:~·:'f;;-,,"r~;, ·. >·>. . .
d .. Value. of meals and. other -fac1hfJ_e§',.(t!?..:r1.1~ .... Re.~us's1~~~:•of-Deduction for Loss or Damcige:
.
. AZUCf=NA, supra at4_11); .. A~:fY· V ( (SO'i=E)~-~j.\_: · . .
e. ·. Payments· to thirdpersons wµh:;erilployee}f),::.-Jf 1: . ·The- e/itoyee : is clearly Shown to be·
· consent (/RR ofl:,.~bor Oode, Bfa'q,'51!1,RU~i,.,.;1~ · · respon~i~Je~orthe loss or damage; '
. f·. VIII, Se_c,J3); and .. ·. ·,'u;.1'-f !i;.~;,r,~: ... · ti 2. The· i1nPi10Y~~ is· give~· ample Qpportunity to
-Dedt\Ctto~ · . for tmpar~_abs~ce'si' (b',;.. ~;~· _ . shovfca.u1fewhy deduction should not be made;
. AZUCENA_,-supr~ at
. ·· · ·., · .
1.tt~),, · ~;~ · · , . ".. 1 ·
. . ._~./' .~.b,~r: <:t~, .. r~·
b~ 3. . Tu~l--~fil.9.};1.$,1'9t,.,the deduction is . fai_r and
re.:tsel}§ple~a_n~1?1ia1Jnat·exce~d the actual.Jo~s
2. W1tho~t ~mployee's ConS~.J:!t~_.. fr;~::';) R\J ·. f~} . .or dam,'igij;~n1:f: . , · · .. . . · .
a. Urnon. dµes, w~ere the .r1g'hf· ltti:;.bec];offh.t'$. : ,/J
4: The _deduction from :the. empl9yee';, wa~e does
_b~en recognized by _t~~t ~~~l?>ier )1 . ~!h,f'"'~fl?( gxceed 20% of lhe employee's. wag~s in a
AZ.UC~NA,.supra at 4-11), . ~-•--::::~ ...:.._...J,~·"~.!;·r•W,~,.(/RR of Book Ill, Rule.VIII, Sec. 11):
. Cljeck~off .1s a. system by wh1~):1Yurnon .d(f~g.,,-•.;tl'i!:1....: ........:1.H!.;.i~ · . · · ·· · .
. and ot_her. as:,essments are cf~f;f!-,Jctep'fftom. · .-'Note: Art ·1_.1;4 provides for·the rule ori depqsits··f<?r
'the e~p19yee's .:wage J;>.y:th~··errfR~Y,1t~upon.. · . lo~s ?r: damage t_P. to<;>ls, ~aterials·. or equipm~nt _
· author1zaJ1~n from_the worker or by _marn;lafe . supph_ed .by the employer. The same·do~s ..not l?PPlY
. of the· law. The· .•.ern·pl.oyee's ·:eh:eck.,.,off .. . to. or: permit depo~its·tb defray :any deficiency, which
authorizaJion.eyen if.de.i;l,cfredirrevocable,. is ·.. tt)e· taxi .driver may incur" in-;the remittar:ice of his
.. · good.. :·only. ·as . the. employees ·--~einain: "boundary': (FivE{J Taxi.v.N_tRt, G.R.. No. 111474,
members ..·..Of the unioh. :concer6~d .. (.1, August·22; :/994), .
-ROQUIZ; ~upra at.347). . · ARTl~L.~·11s: LIMITATION'S. . . .
·· . b. . ·C1;1ses where· th·e employer. is. auJhoriz~d_by' . No. de.ductjon .from the deposits of an employee Jor .
law or regulations issued by the Secretary of the· actual amount' .of the' lo'ss. or. damage. sJiall- b'e
.Labo·r-.(lbid); and . · ·: · . · :· ·. . made tmless th'e employee has bel:!n· heard thereoti
c. :,A'ithhold.iilg Ta1<es·(1 Pf.)QU!Z/1t.412): . .and his r~sponsilJility has· been .clear.ly sh.own
. · ~.~~- (LABOR
. . ., ..CbDE,·Art.
~. . '
1:15)...
.
.
3. .'when.Authorizei;i~yLaw . · · .ARTICLE 116: WITHQLDING· OF WAGE~ AND
. a. Deposit for loss/breakage.· (Labor''Advisory,. KICKBACKS . .. . . .
No. 11 (2014), Sec. 3). · · · . : . : · . It shall 'be unlawful for ariy person, 'directly_ .or
b .. In cases .where the· employee is inoebted to - indirectly, to\:vithhqldai'iy amount from the wages of
, :th~ employer, where such indeptednes.s has a ·work:er qr.:induce hirn'·b.give up' any· part of his
.. become 'due · and demandabl.e (C,ViL · wages by force, stealth; intimidation, threat.cir l?Y any
·. ·. CODE, Art. 1705); and ..
. .0:th~r mea11s whats9ever without his (worker) ·
consent (LABpR 'C_ODE, Art. 116).

2019 SAN SEDA LAW CE:NTR,6,LIZED BAR OPERATIONS · 69

 LAB.OR.STANDARDS.
SAN OEDA LAW CENTRALIZED ~R OPERATIONS,: MEMORY AID 2~19.
a MR'n.+E a \SiMIWM<Mi EM! iii £1110 Wifl\l&MIA 44&&& .. , Wt•&N

·ARTICLE 117:· DEDUCATION Th . ENSURE ARTICLE. 122: CREATION OF REGIONAL.

EMPL.OYMEN1 TRIPARTITE·. WAGES . AND PRODUCTIVITY
It sha"II beunlawtulto any make deductions from the ~OARD- . . .
wages of- ar:iy employee . for the beneflt of. . the. Who May S.et the Minimum Wage:. .
.' employer or his representative or intermediary -as · 1. Regional Tripartite -Wages and Producjivity .
consideration of ~ .promise of employment or .. Board (R,:WPB),. subject · to :the . glJidelines
· retention of employment (LABOR· CODE, Arl.-117). . prescribed by the NWPC; and· .
2·. Conqress, .-
ARTICLE 118: RETAl.lATORY·MEASURES
:it shalt be ,,frilawful for an'employer to refuse to pay Composltlon ofJHWPB: . .
or reduce the :-wages and benefits; dlscharqe- or -in' 1. ReqfonalDirectorof DOLE as Chairman;
ariy manner; discrin:ii11~te aga(n!;fariy.employee who' ~- Regional' Director· of N_EO~ as Vice· Chairman;
.has filed .a.rjy complaint orInstltuted any proceedlnq .3. Re_gional Director of.QTI as V,jce'Ct,ajrmc:1n;
'. under this Tit!~ or has·te,stmed orls-about to testlfy. .- . ... 4. 'Twojnembers from the 'emptoyer's.sector; ·
. in· s~ch proceedings '(LABOR_.COOE; ArJ ", 11_Br . · . 5. Two members from the 'worker's sector: ·and
. · 6.. Secretariat '(LABOR CODE,·Art.)22).. · · .
ARTICLE 119:.FA.LSE REPO'rU~NG ,· ·. . .1 ·•

It ,s_hai'i· be. unl'awful. for any person to 'make any . Note: RlWPB has' no rule-rrrakinq power. 'it is the .
statement, report or.record.filed' or kept pursuantJ2,....---,f.i.WPC which is vested with .tlie power to promulgate.
th: p_r:o_vision.s.of t~is ·c_adek~_owing_-!;>uch ~!9-tent;nt,·1 y -r~'i"t~~~d"'~ui_d?Jines for appr_opriate minimum .wage ·
. report-or- record to be_fals~·1n-.an~!):}~et'1al r~)'?_ect 'L_) -jati),4 _W~\1t,l1.~1ty measures= (LABOR CC?DE'.. Art.
·(LABOR CQDf=!.f!Jt .. 119)._ · .
' '•
/,<~
f.. ~,=-~-=t2JJ!f)
...;r,r
'\~/ '
aq~J{'~ ·.. . :- ... · . · ··
' """'~t
:
·?'~ '-\: . ' . .·
C_H~PTER'. . V: .. ~AGE ~;T,UDl:~;;./'~AG~"'--~RlW.J!B'<l,~i~cis;!'..Jechnica_l supervision .over the:
.A~;REEMEN-TS.AND.WAG~91§115~~1NAl10N1Dl
· · . . . . ·l ~11.· · ·. ff'
'5f ·rt;gionat:· QJfJ~~~f'i1he . .DQLE. with: respect ·to
~(- j~ ,lmpfemdptatio,r.f ot;,.pf,~ns; programs,· ?~. projects
. ARTIC[,.E 120: C.REATION Of N.i1TIONAL .r\J.)!elativ~-~ to ~c{g~s). income and 'productivity 't
WA,GES AND .P~OQ.U~nv,ir!,'~O,M_ISS~IUN"-_
Gompositlo.~ ·of Nati~~a_l·iage:-1~ndPr<>t·
-1!lli -:- lll_lP_~verp,e_ntf_o'r-~h~J~,esp~ctiv'e.regio,:rs (LABOR
u~l~~,2 .,::::__c~FJ.E!fl- · 1 ~2.yp&I' r. 3 l ~ . . -:', · · '," ... · ·, · . , · '.
Co!!li;ni~sl~n (l",IWF'~).. ·f.· ;..·-"!I~ ·. . · · ~·~1-~, /t'.~ IJ,. · ~. · · ·, · ·.·
'1 .. s_~c~~t~r:y·oftabo.r;.. s\ ~ ~-~:....~-s':.~RTl~t~i3: 'f'IAG : ~RD~R .. ' . . . . . . ·.
2. D1r~ctor-q~neraf.of l)IE~f.··
3. 'Two {2}..members. fro~ t~X.:empi~yer
rr.J : -~-~· ~Qr,'
\ ·,. ·j . . [ r:r~:Oi:il'erre.ttrs~te5-\fle {>rde,r,promulgated by the
~t~~~6rsujhttoit'~~waQEf~xingaut_hority.(NWPC .
4._ Two (2) m~m.bers from·tti~wor;l<e\sse ·{<2Jl'~it· · · ''J;!f!f?.!:Jip6sNr,f. 01:97,psec. 4(n)): · ·. . ·. · ·. ·· ·
ey. S~retcJi'i'at (~xecu~ive·Dire:~tor _~n~two~- tQY~~·,r"'...:X.2.(_ ,:fv · · )'.: . . ·. ·, : . . . - ·. · . .
D1re~tors) (LAB(?R ·CQDE1 Alf.· 121 ). '\,.:: :- S()Jr~rft~a~e ~fder.estal>'Ji~hes the minim.um wage rates.
:··. · · ·. • . · · · . . ..,. · ;,-~~~ ..,;;:.z~'?-~·~'d~~r:nployersin'!he region; wh_ich shall in
. ~J,ICLE·'.121;:'POWl;:R~ -~~ F.~_Gl"_!9)!,I~ .!:)F;;;.'bu.-=--Tf~Gl,l(~..,~...)<:fwE:r·than the. appll~able statutory _
THE.CQMMIS$10N ·:· . .- · · :. . . ·-,~ l/ 1 1\ _A 1~1~aj-~9erates {N'-4!PC-Gti!delme.sNo. 0.1-07).
·. The National _Wag,f~S and Pr.o~uctivity C9mliil~iioil lV .ti.A-~,::? · . . .. : · . ·. . . _ · '·
s.h~l!·haveJhe :following.tuncttons:-·. .' . . , · _. ~=Kwageorder-is _issqed. l;>y the RTWPB whenever th~.
1. ... Act'..a~ .nJ1tiorialconsultative ab:d· a:dvisory·.body . conditlOl':1S in the regiol) "sQ warrant.after investigating
. ·. -on'matter.s nilating:·toWIP·;_·: .. · ···:· ,· ' ·: ' and studying ijll pertln~nt fact~ and:bas~d- on the
·-~- 2. . ;For'ir:iµJate·. pcil.iciei, · and: gliideline·s, on WIP · · · . standards and,criteria priscril:?e~:fby the Labor Gode'.- .
· . ··'im.proverri_ent~t EIN-Jey~ls;_. . . ;_ · . , · . · .· _The Regronal:Board prti~eecls to deten:nine.whe'the.r .,
3. · P[escrib~:·.. -ru'les ,: and · : regulation~ ·· for' · . to isi;;ue the.same:or.not (LABQRCODE, A,t;· 123).-
. : ·deterrtiitlation ofmiilinium-Wage_and' p(ocfuctivity . . . .. . ' ·.. .
· · measores·· . . ·. · · ·· · · · · : · · Coverage · . .. · . .. . ·. · .
·. 4. ·Tec;hnlccf and adn;iiofstrative 'supervision over'··.. General rule: Wage increases pr'escribed by.wage
· ···RTWPB'· ·· ,· ·. .. ·.. orders· ap.ply. to an-:workers and ~mpJoyees)n ·the·.
-5.'. ·Call'. .·a· .. n~tional tripartite·. GO'hfer~ric·e for ' priyate '• sectot .- regardless.· of .their ·position',-
. cons,lqeration·' of measures to;· promo~~ wage_ . des"i'gna,tion. ,or statu~ ' of . BIT)p_lQYl"flent, ' and·
,' ·ration'alizatiori and 'productiv_ify; : ' . .' ·. . .• 'irrespective of the' rtiethoi;I: by which.their,'wage$ are
6:, Revie~ regional wage'Jev~ls s¢'t b.y Rlw.PB if.in:·, paid. (IRR·of R.A.,No. 6-72!i:Sec .. 1). :
, accordance with pr.escribed.gllicjelines;. ' , , • I , , • • . '

7. · Undert.ake stu'd1es, research~s··and surveys;·_anc:1 .Exception: Such. wage increases do not :apply to:
. collect,. compile· -and disser'niriati:3. information · 1. Ho-yseh0ld or dqmestic h_elper~ (!RRof,R:A. No~
· ·. VV.1P.; arid .. · · · . . ·· · · . . · .· 6727 Sec. 1);. · · · ·
·s. Review·Plans.and prog~:m~of RTW~B.(LABOR
CODE, Aft. 121).. ' ..
. . . '

·7.0. I 2019 SAN BE;DA t:..A W CENTRALIZED eAR_ OPE.RATIONS

 ..
LABOR.STANOARD.S
SAN BEDA IAW CENTRALIZED BAR dPERATIONS' - MEMORY AID 2019
ia MINI AM W EWA HHWMMJMIWSi»ANWEYEMMIMZI 826WtidFH9

t · :. Note: Since family drlvers are now excluded. 'Frequency .

'l ·· from, the· definitio.n of. domestic workers, the· ·A wage order issued by the RTWPB· niay not be
t·i·,. . . minimum wage·of family drivers shall now be tlie
minimum wage prescribed for private
dj_$.lurbe.d for a period oftwelve (12) months from its·
effecti.vityarid no petition for wage increase shall be
I

•?/· . esta?lishments (NWPC Resolution No. 01-.17). er:1tertai!5ed during. said · per-iod (NWPC .Guidelines
· No. 01~'07, RULE'IV,·sec; 3). . , .
. . . . ' ..
Workers ot duly .registered . Barangay · -Mi.cro · .
.?,I.:_'.·.2 ..

:r. , .. Business Enterprises (BMBEs) with. Certificate

of Authority pursuant to· R.A. No. 1 M'44 (2019
~' . ... · Handbook on Workers' Statutory · Monetary
Except.i9ns: · ·
1.. When C.ongress itself issues ·a law increasing
wages: ·

;t·: 3, ·~;=:ts~:~~~ted:·~po~-· application -(NWP;

2. · SUP.l':!rvening conditions,. such ~s extraordinary
_incre;.i~es. in.:.'.price~ of petroleµm products. at\d
't, - · GuidelinesNo. 01-01; Sec. 2).. basic go.ods 1 ·servi.ce~'(N.WPO Guidelines.No. .'·
·¢;: .. 01-07; ·R.uleIV, Sec... 3).·· · · ·' ·
f. : Ex_e.mpt!on.upon application:
~.: 1. Dlstressedestabllshrnents: Appeal /,- . . . . .. . .
.,,t':·· 2 ... New buslness enterprises: . · A pany·aggrieved·by a Wage Order may appeal to
:y .a.· Outside NCR; .., the NWPC not later..than tin (10) days from the date·
i:.. . b. · Established within two (2h. years from . of the publication ·of the Order (NWPC Guideljnes
.effectivity of Order; and · . . ..-;).· No: ·01~07,.RULEN,-Sep;)). · · ·
· :c.. · AgricuitlJrc!I or :with total assets of PSM /?.~:;~} i.. • . . . .
. below. . · . ·: . · ... r:;;,;,;:·:~, _Effect of Appeal · • · . . . . .
3~ ·. Retail/s~rvLce.-·~stablishr(lents en:ip_loying p;i91;: :•~;A· ·It does _not operate.to sf~y th~..ard~r unless the party
.·. more than .10work(;lrsfor at.least six (6) mo~th~.;;-:•t,.,! :..8P.P,_eahng· s.uch order shall file with the NWPC an
in ·~mrcaleridaryear;_' apd . . .. . . /,,/' ti:{;r;;:::b.n~-~~l.(i~;:;~ith.a surety o~ s~_reties (surety b?nch.
. . ·4. · . Establ_1~hments . adver~ely: affected.,..J?0aturnlv ri. . --satts.factory·~i,3 the . ~omm1ssi_c;i.n .tor payment to
. catamit1es (NWPC ~woe/mes .Nf p1
:,,07, Seq_. :J;:!~ employees /;a~_ected_ ~y ; the : order of t~e .
. .· 2t. . . :· ·. . _ : .. . .. . · :. . . · '·... . . . ?-'>·
. ::>{:~,:. ~-~" ~/ t~ · CQrr~~pom1J.n~ 1.icreaser}~.the eventsuch ord~r IS
;.? . . .... !tC affirmed_(!fFJ~of~-A- 6727, Rule V, $ec. '?)- . ·. .
Note: Exemption 1s determine~by R"fW'J2B, an.cl· · ;.:~l . 'j/· · ~ · 0\~:
•• • . . • • •• •

should _not_ exceec_i one y.ear.J.t\he aee_li~i3tion. fo'R' l--,i1 G_ro~z;!5!~.. f..or~eJ?i!~! .~i:OV~geor:~(,!r: (NQ~) . · '!
ex~mption 1s no.tapproved, co'l(~red,wer~e~,shalr;~.e , ?'~ 1 .. ,MoFJt"ffio-{~it;~1th · ,prescribed · gu1del1nes. i

, paid "th~ mandated. ~age inc\eas<¥P,.I_~~- simplej .· . ~:..1 · : · anci1b~:12fi9.¢$1"t!ifk . , · ·. · . . !'

! ;
interest of. on.e P,ercer:Jt.. (1 %) ·p~,r!l.9:f.itti~Jb'~~p:_ !·.;/ . 2 .. Qu~_st10.ns.of l.;1w;:and' : ·· . . · .. . ·
Guidelines No. 02.~07, See. ·.12). · ~-~ _,: ,-.! · . . . r;iir;,~-~~r.aveabuse of d1sc_r~t1on (NWPC Gu1delmf:}S
• . . . . · . . · \~,:_....-·.;;.': · ),;-;1~:;r:"•11/:yQ:«..QJ-07,.. Rule \I, .Sec. 2), · . ·
Effectivity · · · <''0-~ • ./7/;:,c;;::'·;.,......;..,;.£'l'
·~~~ ·· · ·· . · · . · · ··
It· shall take E:ff~~t a~er. fifteen (15) ~~-~-fr~ts . · D<:»ct~ine of pou~i1;dl}dem~i~ ,·. ·. . .. · ,..... :<· .
compl~te pubhc~t1on .in at.least one (1)'·'1!!.~WstJaper Dpuble · Indemnity ·refers: to· the... pen_alty·.'JO, i:JO. --·:
. -- _of ;general circ_ulatibi:i · i_n· t_he region.-"lNWPC · af!l_ount equivalei,!f...:to·~ tw_ic~~·:the.; \J[ijJ~itl, :.~~-li~fi_t~t.t-'
GuidelinesNo. 01-07, RULE}V; S~c. 5). .<>wm~ to employee/s ·due _to·, _no.n.-payment.. ~y :ari .. r·
~mployer of.fheprescri!:ied incre.a.ses'o~adjµstrn.~n!i ,.·
. N9te;. ·- Public hearings· . and . publication · -are in the .wage rate .(D.'O. :1,83-·1-1, .Ruf~)/,. S.e9:.~~1:{g)). '.;:,: .
• • • . . . .• .. . . o,.. :_·:.: ·:··.. •. .. ' •.
mandatory: Wage ~rder issued by theo · Regional
Wage Board without-.the required public head.rig or' ~npal'd ~~n0fi,s . ·. · : ~·. ;~·-f~. . . .~·· _ ·.

·. c·onsultation,~and ..without pµ.blication··in· newspapers The. prescribed v;ag_l{~ates whicli .the. e·mployetfail~d
. of' ·g~ner:al 'circuiation' shall \)13 struck.· dowtr for to pay upon the-eff~ctivity'of a.wage order, exdu~ive
· violatiorrof Art. 12.3. of. the Civil' Code · ( Cagayan .of.~therw~ge.-related
.. ·.
benefits. '. ' .
. Sugar .Milling_Co: v.. Sec. of Labor, G.R: Nr;, •. 128399,
Ja~uary 1~, 1998) .. · .. · . · . ·.' .. . Note:. ·unpaid ~enefits s~i:ve;·as· the princ.ipal ba~is
. . for computing the double indemnity· (p. o:. fO,: Sec.
RTWPB,.riot NW.PC~ appr~ves ·a Wage,O_rd~r .. 2(k)(199.8)/ . . · , · . · .·. ·. . : . .
The'RTWPBs are empowered "to determine and fix.
iJ!infmµm.wage rat~s _applica~ie.'in their re'gions• 'and wages of.apprentices· and Jearn.e.r$ si,a11.in no case
··to· issu.e · the correspondtng . wage ·. ·orders:" be les~ -_t.han· 75o/o - of the · applicabl~· s.tatutory .
. Furnishing· NWPC a cppy of .the Wage Order does minimum wage rates (/RR of R.A. No... 6727,- Sec. ·
10).·. . . . . . .
·. n'ot mean seeki.ng tt:ie _Corjlrriission's. approval. _Wh?t.
needs prior appr_oyafis .not:the wage·order'but.it~ .
implementing .rules a.nd·regu.latiq!')S (1 AZUCENA,
:supra at 421). . . . .

2019 SAN BEDA i.:AW CENTR,All.ZEDBAR.OPERATIONS 71

 » ¥19Wil 51 iiW Mw+m

LABOR STANDARDS
SAN BEDA LAWCENTRALiZEOBAR Of'ERAT/ONS- MEM:ORY-AID.2019
. I 5CRIIIMNPZ 55$,Mf· H IP

ARTICLE 124: STANDARDS/ CRITERIA: FOR'··
MINIM_UM WAGE FIXIN~-
Factors for Determining Regiorial . Minimum
Wage Rates.: (CNN-: WIP.E.D-FE) . . ·
1. 'Needs of workers arid their families: ..
. a. Demand for·living 1N,;1ges; . .
b. . Wage adjustment vis-a-vis the consumer
price index; . · . · · . · ·. · .
c. Cost of living and ch.anges or increase
.therein'.; . · . . ..
d. Needs· of workers and.tbelr families; and
e. lrnprovernents lnstandards ofli:ving.
2.. Capacity to pay · · · . : .· . · · .'. ..··
. a. _Fair return .. of. the capital Invested and..
', capacity to pay. of employers
3. Comparable ·wages.·a·nd Income
a. Prevailir19'wage levels .
4. · . Requirem·ent of. ecenomic : and . · socjaL,~---~.2,..__:
degrees of responsibility, the . skills and
knowledge required, the complexity ofthe [ob.ior.
other logical basis . of . differentiatfon. For .
purposes Of determining the existence .of" wage
· 'distortion, employees .cannot create their· own
independent classificatlon, which .is a matter of-
rnanaqerrient judqmant and discretion· (Bankard·
.Employe·es : Union::Wor.kers A/Jiance . Trade
. Unions v-, NLRC, G.R. No. 14068e, February 17, ·.
2004).'
·
.2:·: '§ignificant' chanqe o·r increase in .the salary rate
.ofa lower pay class -without a corresponding
increase in thesataryrate ofa highe,r.qne;. : · ..
3: The .Elimination'.of the "dis'tinction between the
two groups·O_r classes; and . . . .
4.. The Qistortion exists In the· same region of the
country (Alliance Traqe VniOl)S v.. NL:RC, G.R.
· No -, 14Q689, February 17, 2004)..

r~.u
development . . .. . ·. ·, _,,,-:;,::"':::-~ .,.; -x- . ~, ~"~ .. . . .

a, Need to. induce. moustrtes to .}.,rrv.f.it jA-,}~e lwi>~~f~o/~egally O~liged to Correct · Wage
. countryside; . ' .,,/ ,.,.{t} -oell!~b;>.,rt~~'tl~;.~; . . . .
b.. ·Effects on employmen!l9e[le'r.~~j1" and . :rh~e~p19Y~r:\.,a1;1_d the union .shall _negob~te to
family income; and . ~f" ··~0 ~VL
,;,_,,.,~~~-or.te~t ·tn_~{':isfoi:tl.qns. If there is no union; the
- .c, ···Equitable· distribution gfi6'poff!!anfwealt~ ,·t
.·"'~.mploy~·,rar.i,<f..tlir~'c\~kersshall endeavor-to correct.
alo~g the imperativ};s6f~¥jconopiic ar:ltf {ff...., J&ch di~ ortio~J~(LAB<pR CODE'. Art: 124) ..
social developmen~,-~BOR . cqo~ _Art. A~... ..:._~ ...,. . \(J') \, .. . .· . . ; .
· 124). , · if ~p;>.f ,ij. · ~ .1:i
...;.f!ote:_i-1e.mere~fq.ciu<j1l~ex1stenceofwa~e d1stort10_~
'
i
. . . . . . . . a-~·-.;.~ /I . . . .
TW(? Methods _of M1mm~mr1J!@e(f1xmg:\
-.\ . "'~~~\lfil.:Sc!Jfs~-~··. ho~evif;J'~Q\fqcto ~esult ~o _an obligc;1tion
~~~fo-:;rect1!rJ!· T".ie· ~W-s1lyf "by v1rtu'e of a law or wage
I·
! '

1. .Floor-"'.Vage method··-:-ii.1n1to_1.¥,s t~~i[IJ! of~::}..:....s·ordei::,;~~~irJ,h,9 effofs to. m.ake corrections, the 'i
. deterrn_inate ameunt _I,?,,r ~~~,ad.d~~%!~7!}~ J:Yt~ I cr~ri).t·if}terro((ol. _cover .all kil'!dS of . wc1ge, I.
prevailing statutory m11't11u1m ·.~ag~~\~1,-:( 8J 1.:1,0ji ~e ts e;,9: that ~f.ising fr~_rn a board re.solutfon·
I
AZUCf:NA, supra·at_432)~,~n,d·- \. ~, -!..?--~~,,; I -~,,, ! ;a n.,¢w s~la.w· scale (BanJ<_a'.d Employees I

2~ Salary-cap.or Salary C,e1~9 -'-Jll~_h. . ne.~~~V~~ .- /or,~€frs' Alheftice Ttac!e Unions .v. ·NLRG, !
·the··wage adju~ti:nent~ is-,._~ _,be ai!pli ..d<?l?~f:EN~~t~o~40689,Jebruary·17,2004). . .,· ·
employees receiving -a_ -c.erts)!1 deo~l{i~e~~ ~P ·. 'th,, .1?.. . ·'
sa~ary ce!ling. In other word~. ~Q~kl~t~l:r~a~s=~~s:-~·~1R ...'-?~.2J-.WageDl~toi:tion . . . _~ ·
be1ng:pa1d .more .th~n the ex1st1~~mior~um fvi
/J\'id!g~,z_ed· Establtshmer:it· -~Estabhshme~~
wage (up to·a i;:~rtamamoun~ stated inJt\~t.\W,e_~"'·"'.•.,.w1tfi' u_nJon)· . . , .. · · .
Qrder) are.also given a wage increase (Id:}.. ,. . ~.a.. · Employer_ aod.'· union _shall-.· n·egotiate ·to-
: · · · ·· tortectthe .dist.o,rtion. . . . · . .
Wage Distortion is.a situatiqn .wher~ c;tn_'increase in· . b. Any . dispu.t,e arising therefrom· should . tie . ·
· pr~scribei:l wage ·ratel?,. results· in the· elimination--or res9IVed · : through . grfeva11ce . proc~dur.e
. severe . contraction . of .. intentional·, _qu~ntitative. · · ... · underthefr CB.A; · .· . . . · : ,
·differences in,'wage or. s:;ilary· .rates· ·.between ·and c.
-If the dispute remains unresolved; it'sllall~be
·jn
-.-among employe~-:·grciups ah·.e.stabJishm~11t--as to . iesolved._·. through· voluntary· . arbitr.~ticin
.effectively obliterate th·e .:distinctions, embo.die_~ .in · .. (LAB.OR COD_E, Art 124)_: · '
su,ch·,· wage-. $lructure ·· _based ·on skj!ls, · _ler.rgth: of . ,· ·: 2. UJJorganized _Esta~lj~hlllept (Establishrne,nt , :
. service or:· other logical pases of. differentiation . Witho1,1t union) · . · . , · · · .. ·
. · (!,AB.OR CODE=, Art: 124, par.. ·7)i · · .: -... ·a. : The ·employers .and· workers shalt ~ndeavor ·
. ; ·. to·correcfthe di.storiion·.·.; . . ..... .-· .....
. El~·me~ts of Wage .Distortion: (HSED) · b. A11y · dispufe afis.ing. therefr6rri · shall be
1. Existing ·Hierarchy' of .. pqsitip_n~ with. · ... -.settled through fhe Ni'!tiOrial Conciliation-and-· ..
correspond.ing salary rates . · Meoiation Bo.a,td. (NCMB,}. : : . .
c. · If it remains -unresolved.' after· 10 days of
· Note: In wage distortion, the l:ias.ic assumption · concili~tion, it s.han· be referred to the NLRC.
is that thElre exi~ts a grouping or claisifica_tion of (LABOR CODE_.'Art. _124):
. empioyees· that estabJishes distinctions among
· . them· on. some· relevant or legitimate bases e.g .

. 72 I 2019 SAN ·BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIG>NS.

 LAB.OR STAN.DAROS:.
· SAN-BEDA !AW CENTRAI-IZEDBAR OPERATIONS- M_fMOR'l·AiD~b19
.~:-·.
.:~ ,.... oauu
-- ;unw
~- e NH · ::,; · .·H MM!J1ta:oc-aee »SMfk42 t!Mt!WaaSSXP'kfitFCB
1 ;.;a

\~.. The penderrcy of .a dispute- arising from. a wage intra-region, nor· inter-region.. (Pruba'nkers·
?_ distortion shall not ·in any wa'ij .delay the application Association v., PrudentialBank & Trust Co., G.R. No.
'fr/. of -any wage increase· prescribed pursuant to- the 131?_47,' Janua!Y 25, 1999). . ·
r.:···r:;i~~n~.of.law or Wa_g~·..Or~er (R.~. No. 6727,
_.,iR;IC.LE 125:·FREEPQM TO
.BARGAIN·.·.
The question of minimum .wage is peyorid,tt)e s'pher.e·
,,.. ·. Formula -~~_rR_~_s.ol~l_ng-".'.age·°.lst~'rtiorr ,• ·. " of bargaining of the partie~;, It is not nifgoffab!e.·In
view of R.A. 6727 now incorporated info Art. 125,
(!7!~!:1:n) . whi:lt the law prohibits IS .bargaining for wag~s be.low

IJ · . . . . . . . . .
r!{\ . . ·-ttie floor set by law or ·wage order: The. worker" is.
fi:'; 'Wag'e.'. •
.. =;, O • (Pref~rlbed) _ Dist 0T.tion0

_therefor~ tree. to bargain for. higher wages:· . .

:-·. . (Ac~al) .v.i x Wage . .:": Adjustment
....,.- · Salary ·. . /~ease. · . . ., . · Not~: As a matter ·of pollcy.: the. 6t~te· ·pr9.mot¢:>'

,·. Given:· -. · · · · ·. .. ·
. .
. co1lective-b.arg·ai11lng_as theprimary modeotsettllnq .
. w~ges and other ·:terms· and condltions': ·q_f .
~
( · Existir\g--_riiihim~'!i w~ge_ i~ P300 ~e.r
d1;1y.. · employment. Thus.. the mere fact that th.e statutory
. 'I: Em ployee's daily wage, 1s· P350 .~ . · · rrrlnlrnurn :wage. has- b'een increased through wage . ·
t ·Ma11date.cf~?QEiin~rea~e.is,P45 per day · order does not-preclude t~e. partlesfrotn voluntarily

r ~-.

!j;.'•
.. .- . . . .. .
Computatlon: .
.-. . . : . .
.
• 0 857 .. ~/'·.,/,:!{_'
. entering into ,..a. collecting 'agreement·. for ,higher
. /';;; wages _(R,A 6727,, Sec.. 2; and LABOR CODEi·Art.
218(1)).
j
•
b°;<".. .' ./·," ,;,.'.:·'':\· .
~-
r' - x P25 j. ,; -'1 :,·!"';'_, ARTICLE-' · ·126:
1,~. ;l~· •• •
PR9HJBITION .AGAINST
\( . . . _;! r I ... ·; ,t..J.N:.J.YNCTIO~, . .
if~ P ~1·4}/ t· )~.::::..'.:.:.Pi:9_c~e21n'ef~.··pf the NWPC .or Jhe -RlWPB. are
f.t·. P,3.50.QO : 1, 7 !-( beyoncHtfe·r~~chpf tt\e injunction pow~rs of judlelat
. ..,.J). or quasi-judif;~l bodies (LABO~ CODE,AH. ·126).
R ~:: :.-'" .. .
+.:P 21.43"/; <~ ·. · t H ·t, · · . · · · .·
t :
ii:' .. :.· .. . . . . . .,, .
-~; iW~fa · . j,l 'Purp~se:j1r:i}lo~er _for the .'Board/C9_1T1mission !O
.:r· -'~:., ·.. , r.\ ··perform}ts ~w~t~ and functio.ns_sp.eedily without ·
t.. (Metropolitan-Bank- & Tr.u~t-Gif.- 'f=mp1oy_ees Umor'f'-\ 1 , ! regard J,fo' tibnec\ssary il'lte.rvenfioris th~t may·
t AttJ-TUCP ·v. 'NLRC, {3_;&1 .~o~~}_,t,iJ2{i6,· · (,-j :tremeB"do11$fl'affe6l~Jhewage-fixing ,f1,1nqtio'ns_ (1 .
it'-~- · September10, 1993; Wage Ofdei.r.Jo:,.,tq;.(?2 • ~ . <?-') -~,r,..,_ isstt.'epi. V\·J
·,..11~·.J POQUIZ:.:··~•• P..··1;~~:;,;1.t.379.
r ,~,:;.,,;,,;:-~ J
,_
~-· on21-May.1f}91). ·. ,';;:_..,.~•._...,.:;:._,,.t . -; •'! .· .· · ·- . . .. · . .. ·
~-. . - . .. · . · . \f,_..J- '\\. ', } l.;L_.ART.ICLE 1··27: NON-DtMINUTi9N OF.BENl=FITS.
t,.. Note: The_ so!y!ion · of the _prol)_le,r;r, ,..<~~I y,,~ge .J•:.:.~-r:,i~j..,ijge order.-issued by·any regional board-shall
}.' : . di~torti9hs shall ·be: so.ugtit b~_yolunta/ij1e~o~1~tl~1!t::i..'.:.-:.:.:.pr6vJEiefioi;\ wage_. rate.s·· lower~ than· the ·.s~atufory
k · . or arbitration- and NOT l?Y stnl<~s or otfilllr SlfQIJasr9r minimum wage rates j:>rescrioed .by . Congre~s
t: ~ : relafecl , ~oAc;~rte~ a?ti~itjes· as. ~ode~1Jit~Mlvi':9
( · disputes or controvers1es•.. St!3gmg.a·stnReifor said
(LABOR CODE, 1 ~7).
, ··
·· · · · .· ·

ft re.as.on.is a violatiooofthe·~~ndate'of R.A. N._o:67'27 .CHAPTER. VI:. ·AD~ll\ll~T~TIQN AND

r.,. pr~vidjng:for voluntal)'.negotiatio:hs(a_nd a1rb8_ i~ka1ti?dnin · ·ENFORCEMENT ·
f· sol'ving wag~ _dlstor'tio·n probl_ems. flaw a u. o .. ng.
! ·. M.an~gaga,wa·I(. N~RC, :GR.. No: .91980,: fane 27, ART.ICLE128: Vist'rORIAL AND ENFORCEMENT.·· --
t· 1991}~· · · •, . . . . : . - · -~OWER·.. ·. ·. · ·.... :. . . : .. ·.. . . . .. .
. · - · RoJe· Of the D,QLE Regional· Directors
Pre~ious Pay ·Gaps'N'eed ~ot b~ Restored_- · .. T.he DOLi; . has.. a total·· of 1'6 Regiqn,al.· Off.ices
~-. ·ViJMe ttiat--Js ~he·· aii:n,-'.it ne~fd not r,eces~rily f?e nationwide· ·each one· of · ther:n is headed· by · a
restored·t<> th·e last peso,. An 'iippi'e_ciab_le diff.erefltia/, R~gional DJrector. The DOLE' Regional Dkectorsa.re
a .s.ubstar:itial ·or s,fgrtificahf pay' gap shoulp ~u~cl:.-a~ the duly· "auttioriz¢d. repre~en~tives~ of 11:\l;l. DOLE
· correction.'of ti:ie distortion .(National Fede_ratfon of Sfi}cretary referred'tti.in·Art. 128 of-the' Labor Code
. -- Laborv. NLRC; G:R. No. 103!)86;·joJy:21,.1'994; P.J. . which gra.nls-to.them bqth~visi~oti~! and enforcerri·ent:
· ManufacturingIn~.\1. P.f. MfJnufa~luringSupervisors powe.rs:They.are in charge o_fthe adrninii,lrc1tion a_nd .·
t and · Foreman Association, G.R. .No;-., 16721 !, · ·enforcement of · .tabor ·. 'standards :a within- their·
; ·~·· Ff:JbruSry 4,. 2008).~ . . .. · · · · .. re.spe'ctive ·,erntoriaJ ..- jur:iS€1ic~oriS: · Ru/es. on: the.
iI. · Jobs i~.the Same Region · . · . . . ·~ . . :· ·.
Dispositionof Lab¢>,: Standard Case~ Irr theRegional'.
. Offices Rule·/ Sec 3) . . .. . . .
i: Examin~tion pf alleged salary dlstorlion is limited to . · · · ' · ' · ·· . ·
jo~s or.positions \ri the· same employer _In. tti~ same
region; tt:iat I~. th_e comparison
..... of. salarie_s has to be
(
>

2019 SAN BEDA lAW CENTRAU_ZED BAR. OPERATIONS 73 ..

.- ... ----------
 wcu • ..
LA·BOR ·sTAN DARD.S
•• . IM#i 1¥S¥PIWCW J:Plfflll!aD

SAN BWA LAW.CENTRAll2EOBAR t;)PER'ATIONS.: ME/VIORYAID 20/9

~liNiCQdiSb8fN.PFitE-i&eR&WH A ·-~ftHb±!ldBMMIS···ISf:8414'a&&M!M • .,.,s:unsa,cwb\53
Nature of Proceedings and Quantum of Evid_ence. through a p-etltion\~rcerii~rari ·und~r Rule ss of the
T~e proceedings before the. Regional· Office shall _be Rules -of. Cour_t (Bombo Radyo. Phik, Inc. ·v.
summary and non-litigious in ·'nature, The R~gional -Secretary of the DOLE, G.R. No .. 179652, March 6,
· .Office may, however, avail itself of all reasonable 2012).
·means to ascertain. the facts. or the- controversy
speedily" and objectively; i{lcluding ,oc1,.1lar inspection -· The. exi.ste11ce·of ·an Er,E:e r.elationship.is a statutory
and. · exarnirialibh,, of .weJHntormed . ·perso.(ls: · pr~requisite .to and a· lir:nitation on _the' power of the
SubstanUal:.evi<fonce, whenever necessaty·shall be · Secretary of Labor, one which:the legislative branch
sufficient to support a ..decision. or order: (Rule~ on. . is · ~.ntitled ·. to impos.e (People's Broa·dc.asting v.
·the .Disp<;>sition, of Labor Standard· Cases . in· the Se~retary "<;,~ the DOLE, ~-R. No. 179652, May 8,
RegiMal Offices, Rufe.I/, Sec.-,.12).· . 2()_09).
'\. .· . '. Jurisdiction . . · · ·, -; T!'te: DOLE hasquasi-judicial power atteast to ', th.e
. The -DOLE. Reqional. Directors: .ha:ve . original. and· . extent necessary to· dstarmlne violations of labor
· excluslvejurlsdtctlon .over the _follo.yir19cases: . : · .. standards provision. of the'· .Code. and other. labo.r
1 ... Labor standards enforcement cases under- Art. leqlslation. The SOLE or th~. Regional Directors cari
I '., 128;. .. . .. ,: ··· lssuecompuance ordersand writsotexecutlonfor
·.2. Small. money claims cases .arising from labor . the enforcementithereof (Jethro Intelligence &
.. standards -violatkms · iri , the amount J!.,O~~c.utity'Corp. .'f· Sf3_cretary of D(!LE, .G.R. ·,vo:
· exce~ding .P~.000.00 and not accomp~g.ietl·wffh lf t ., 1\1
t: ~§~.,_~ugus_t14, 2009). · · ·
.a claim for reinstatement underArt~9;. f<. . ,L_., Ji:} I .&" "'~~ , . . . . ·· . .
· 3.. '. Occ~pati~mal safe~y and · health)ljbl~fi6ns{~ ~-=-,.==1!:._W.J;_r· ,il:o;~~teJIY)!_lle Existence . of Er-Ee
4. Reg1slra~on of µ~1ons·a~d-9n~lt~t19-t1{t~~f; . . KelatJ~~;;h"•_P,~~, .· · · :
cases filed qgamst. urnori,f" ar\Q_y'Q~er,,4.Jae~- -....:r4t.EO~R{"'9~f\h.av?·the power to det_ermt~e
. relation~ related•~ases; '. :.f ,(}""> · ~ f , . '{"~~tne~ &~rie.!J{tVl,fp1oyer-:mplo~ee r~lat1qnsh1p
5 .. Complaints against pn~ate -1:i-J~«utm,ent:_a~, J',-... ~~sts.: ~pd- i1:f~
tli~r~ to _dec1d.~ wllethe~ ~r hot to
u-0.-..
placement
_ emptoyment; and f
;( ~~. !----:---]·11
agencies· p<PRPAs} f~r local .1s~_ue . Cf>mPh¥S:~)?Kqr.rs. _1,11 determmmg the
r~x1:>ter:1¥e of_ an,.(=-:E ~el_?.t!onsh.1p, DOLE ·lias a ready
6. Cases subrnjtted to!/ r.tf:iel<Jl!f for · ~olulifa.~~ u11 · ~~~f.~u dehnes,.,?"'fc'.:!lfol the $arne guide the <?oµr:ts
arbltration in tl:l.eir: cfaP.<!pity,! ·as Ex-Offibi~~ fi1~-;:J1tn:is_e es. use~r;:~o~r-fo_ld.test: _The expande~
Volu'ntary Ar~itrators (~'VA's~~de,rt5Aifartrn'er;it~~b,y1s1ton"l.{~!A enf_erce_n:i_ert_powerofthe,.DOLE-wo,uld_
·· -Order No. 83-07 (D.O. f.{o,~1'f38~17)\~~~f7.';;~r"(;}ti!e nu¥1'119-!-¥.1'~the a~leg_e~ ~mp!oy,er could·,
. . . .i\Ji ) ·\. · '\q~:-· t};~ 1 J!r-~lll~~r;n. le E2~peoi! t ,?f.-<!1sputmg the_ employer-
N_ote: If a. complaint is_ broug~} befor~.,the'~,g!:':~~\~ ! _,:;~p.i~y,:~ re_t,tiqnsh1., force .t~e. refE:r:rat ~f ~he
. 91ye_ effect- to ~e ·labor stan<:la~ds· prov~on.~gr~}'i~',,-._...._t,./~~~lr. to _th~ N~RC,. If -~-E:. DOLE _makes ·a frnd11'1g
L_~b~r-Code or· o~her.lc1bor legisl~ion, anat~e~,i§~{-:;..:. .;.r\li~ · th~~-is· a,rf ex1~tmg_ ~mpl~yer-~mployee·
. finding ·by tre. DOLE that thefe is, an- ·'ex~tih~e}a~J?.SlilP.-t~ fa~ps COQOIZaf)Ce of the m,a!ter;,to_the
er:nployer-ei:nployee · relat!qns_hip~:- tlt~i5.Q~E~:-~€~~~1cm .:~T'(J~e. N~R?., Such . deter_mmation is
~xercises JI.Jrisdiction. ~o the -~~d~i~Jl (o~,itu~ ·'W if. ~.':~Jir\.'4>jJJdlCl<;il·_re~1~w,-·rot.rev1ew·by _the NLRC
·NLRC (Bombo Rady() Phils., Inc. l(. S.ecret@y.t.Qf..fhe· J..:VU.ftton]/JJJtRadyq Ph1/s., In~. y., Sec;r~tary ofthe DOLE,
. : DOLE, GR. No.:179652, March 6; 2Q12).· .. · ~~S.:f?: No: 17fl652,.·Mwch6, 2p.12)... , .
. _ If'.. the" DOLE finds .. that thiiir~ ii/ -~·o·: ~fl'lplo)ier- . . Vi~i-to"r.iai~nd -~nf~rcemerit Po..;..,er . . . ... :
empl<;>yee . relationsh_ip, the. jµrisdi,;::tjon is . properly ·
. 'th th N · · · · · ·
Visitpr.ia.! F>,o...,e_r_is- the JJow~r:odhe SOLE
his ~uly autho.rizep representative to have access"to
or ~my 9f-
W1 • e .. LRC.:T~-~ law,accords,a prerc;>gative to.th!= · eri_l_plo¥e.r's re.co·r_dsand .pr_em.ise.s ·at any'·:tim_·_e·oflhe .
. NLRC O"'.~r. a.. cl::irm .yh~n :the :employer~_mplo.yee
rel~tiO!)~hip has te'rrninat.ed.or SUQh. r~_latio_r1sl;liphas d~y. or' night :wheri!;!Ver. work,°js being. undertaken
. riot. ar.isen at all. (Bomb.a 'ia<;iyo Phi(s.~ Inc-.. v.. · .. therein:· ··1f in_c_l~des· ·ti,e rigtino. copy theref(ori1, to
· -$ecretary orthe DOLE,G..R. No. 1796~2, March 6; . QU.Efstion _any employee )ind inv~stigate· any f~ct,
20_.12), : . .._- · ._, conditio·ni or )natter wnich may ,b~ r1e1>essary to.
. de.ter!lli.ne viofations· or. Y.','.hich ' may..: ·ai~. ' in . ·the
e.nfo_i:ce_m·enfof._the Codt;i ·<:Jn<:1-of any labor Jaw; ~age_
.lf:a cornptaint.'is· ffled with· the DC:.?.LE, and iLis
order, or. fl.lies .and r.~golations· (JRR.of Lab9r Code,
. acc9inpanied !=>Y a· claJm 'tor .rei.nstatement, tl')e -Boo_klll, Rule x,;sec,,_1J.. · · ·. . . . · · ..
Jl.lrisdiction is properlfwith th~ l,,abor.Arbi_ter(LABOR.
. (X?f?E, Art: ... 224(3)). .. . . . · .. · · . · . ·., Enforcement Pciwer is the power of the.-Secretary
NLRC{ of_ Labor t9 compel _employer to. comply with labor
; it~ ~om~laiht is.flied wit~ the
0

~~:d.there is 's_ti;, . standarc:ls upon finding of. vi<:ilations di~cover~d in

_ari existing . eml?lo_yer--employee· relationship, ·.the· u:,e course of.t~~ ex~rcise of the visitorra·,power·(IR~
· jurisdi~tion is properly with the,DOLE. The ·findings of Labor C()de~Book Ill~ Rufe_X, Sec, 2).
of the. DOl,.E, however, may· still · be ques(ioned
. ·\.. .

· 74 I 2019 $AN.SEDA LAW CENTRAl,.IZEQ.BAR OPER,A-TIONS .

 · LABOR ·sTANOAR·DS-.
SA!" BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED ~AR OPERATIOf~ - M[MORY 410 2019
. ·. . ,· •
w ,AW i#IMI& 4-i_lDIMAMWI I· 6 '*¥'!!'""& !*: fiiritiBMcillHle,nRBF?P!He± S&ilf~ - .

lnclud~s the power to: . 3. The employer ·~ontests·su·ch findings and ·raise
1. Issue: Compliance Orders based on the
findings of labor employment and· enforcement
officers or industrial safety·: engineers· made in
· the course 9.f lnspection. and must observe·.
seven (7) caroinai requirements ofdue process
in adrnlnlstrative proceedlnq; ·
2. ISSU!:! Writs of:Executi.onfor the. enforcement of
. orders e~cept in.. cases .where'· the employer
contests the findings of the said· labor'officers
,.,. arid. rais~s' issues supported, by documentary .
'f.·, proofs which were notconsidered in'the course ..
't · o(inspectipn;: .. . . · · ·_-· . .
,. 3. . Order Wor~. · Stpppag~/ ·.: Suspension · . of
J. 'Operattons when non-compliance with the Jaw
f: · .: or .irnplementlnq: rules· and regulatJons · poses
i:, .
.t grave and lmminent danger to the health and .
safetyof ttie:~orker~·fri',the workplace: and · · .·.
4 ... CQndllcttiea"rrnQ~ Wittii'~ tw~rlfy~fOur.°(24) hours ..
issues which cannot be resolved without
~~msideririg evidentiary matters that are n9t
verifiqble in.the-normal course ofinspection (!RR'
of Labor Coi:Je,. Book /fl, Rule X, Sec. 2). ·
Note:. To strengthen the Implementation/Exerciseof
·Visjt_orial and.Enforce_rn.entPower, DOLECl.O. 18~-
17 was issued on 23 October 2017. providing the
· framework =for inspection · aryd . ·issuance ·. of ·
}com(?liance c;,,rdei:s fD:O. tyo. 183-1.7, Rule_!, $ec. 1).·.
Modes .ot.1mp1ementati~n1Exercise of visitoriat ·
and· Entorcernent Power . . ..
1-: 'Routlnetnspection; · ,
. 2 .. · Complaint Inspectlcn: and ·
-3; Occupational · $8fety · and Health Standards
tnvesttqatlon..
· · ·· · ·
· e ,

to determine whe~~e,r: ·: · · . ·· . ' - : .· , : ,~./-'.) Upon !he· disc~~tion . ?f. the _ S9L~. a Special
.a. (":,n order- f6r.stoppagE_3of workl sospef1SJQ!\?J'i. lnspectlon Team may be constituted . to be
of operations shall f:?e· lifted or not;,1:md _ fi. ••f 1: •.\;·).. composed of a group. of labor · i nspectors, or
. b... Employer shall , pay. the .·.. emp!ot~~~;'::·J~i?.~. representativesfrom 'the Region.al Office, tlie BWC,
. concerned their salary !n. case the violatro.'}~':-.,::::~)~e.._9SHC. 'f.lQ other DOLE agencies for the conduct.
, . is attributable to· his fault. (lRR ~~§b.~(~f'cµu:oP.i!1~,:~ti000nJ,dn·establ\shments v=
usihg foregoing

· ·.·.
. Code, Book
. /JI, Ru/e.X,
. See. . 2-3J~-~>:'.
,,. / ·. ~- ..: .I modes-(fJ._0./fJo:. {".,, 183-17, RULE Ill, Sec. ,1). .
e~· · · · ·.:. . ..v · · · ~1ri · ··
. "
·.
The v1sito~ia[ and ei:itorcement. PQo/_fjff c;,f t~r \~ _ ~o'utine 11'iP.~ction . ·
$ecreta!)'of ~abor Qr D~l,.E ~egi<?';,.c!l'~ir~~~ Jjis t: - · Covers a).Y: i::i~~iyaj~. establishments incl!Jding their
dLJly·a~thorize~ representath,~}8;}>raer·a~fi'~for'.c;~'>· ~'.~, _ l;lranche~l w rkpT~ces: and their contractors and.
com·p_~1ance with labor ·~t~r!.q.~~p_·.:l~~s,'2-.<?an~_ 1?:e..:\.· ,•'-t· subc_<:>~1f9C~<1. (D:'~: No: 183-17, fWlE.V, Sec._ 1).
exercised even·where·th_e mcl~¥Jtl~al-~lc!Wl1:~~ce~~,s.·: ::\~ · • :~!!·W~~~~:,~'l.~:~.~';','.' ·.. . · .
P5;000 '(1 A~UCE/IJA, supra at ~P?J, i:!:'.::-1tS·· . e~<i)_.:· t;1 . P_nonty'Ett~~lshm.ents and Workplaces···
· . . . · . ·. . ., .: · <";:_~.:~':\>>· · f : h, 1. Tho~~ engag~,d m -h~zarcJ014swork.; .
In .order- ,to. divest · the Regional \E;)1(ector,}pr li1s · 1:',f. -},-11' Thqs~ employ.ingchildren; . . .·
representi;ltives:: of. -- jurisdiction, ·: ti\~ . . .l61!owir'.tg :' ,~~·:0:~'.:t:vhose . · engaged . 'fn · ·co'ntrac~ing · and
. elements rr,ius~. ~·e ~rese11t: (~E~ _. 'f!·Z. : .· . (.:.j;:;~-~"·:
.· · · . . • · . · .J·a,i,Y " ,-(,Ohf<'°""'·"·Hl'~'''L · · ·
· · .· su"'tE>Attactin~·atrangel')1ents; ..
1; :lii;i.t the erQ.p!oyer!!_bntests t~e fiQa'~.gs(.of.,.th~. . .. 4, Those employmg:_10 or mqre e.mp[oye~s;91:.
· labor .regulations.· officer and ra1s~s~~sues ~- ·. Such otl)er establishmentsas·may be
thereqn;" .. ·. : . ·.· . , . . . : ,·. ·-'_--: . •· . . . deter'mined·as priority by the ·sou; (D.O. No.
2 ... That'in order to (~solve .such ·issues, there is a ·, · · 183-17, RiJ/e v, ·sec:. 2).. · · · · · ·
r
.t.·
need to exarnil')e gvidenti~!Y matters;'and . .. . . .. ·r::··· : .. . . ' .

f· 3. That ,su'(:h .Jn~_tters..are. riot; ~erifia~Je· i'1 the.- ..

normal ·c;oCJrse of inspect.ion (Cirineo Bowling.
· · .Plaza, Inc. ·v.. Sensing; .'G.R. No. 146572, __
. . :' January f4, 2005). . · .' . _ . . ·. . .·

. ~~qui$'1tes·tor tt,,~V_alid-'~xei:cis·e ·of Erifc:>'r-ce~e,.nt ... .

Powers: (EFC) . · ,_ · .... = . : , · .

'1. The Er=Ee: relationshi'p still ·exists at the time of

the initiatio'n.'ot thefacljpri; . •, ·. -~ ... :_ . _·
2•. · ,Jhe Findings of L~bor St~ndards·.And -Welfare
. ··· Officers or Industrial . Safety . Engineers· weir.e
· .. :m~d~ in th~ cburse c;it' inspectior,. re.g~rcfle-ss ot
. '!Vhettier initiat99 by · ·complaint. or routine
· inspection; i:ind
. .'

~·.

2019 SAN SEDA LAW q,NTRAUZED BAR OPERATIOJ\IS 75'.

 LAB.OR S.T
BAR
~--8.t.DA_-LAWl:ENTRALIZED
A·N.DAR.D:·s
O~ERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019

Proce'dura for Routine lnspectlon the employer submits a

corresporrdlnq .actlon
plan .(D.O:'No. 183-'17, RULE--V,- Sec._3(e.2)). .
Issuance by the DOLE RD otAuthority to · . '-··
Complaint Inspection
Inspect andAsslsqnment of Establis_hments...
This shall be undertaken in any. of the_.following·
·- cases:
... 1 . IJl{hen there is. Sir:igle entry Approach· (SEnA)
i:>reseritation otAuthcrity to [nspect ano
Conduct of. Inspection and Verification of . . · .reterrat; . . . · : . . ·. .
Cornpllance · · 2. · When there is an anonymous complaint':...
3. Where . there · is . a· request in'. a conolllatlon-
rnediation proceeding 'before. the. NCMB "to
validate or verify alleged violatlon of labor
Issuance of Ncitit:e of Results to the. . standards (D;O. No. _183,.17, Rule VI, ~ec•._1;:"
. Reprei,entativ~s 'of #le cmploy~f-aod the ~EBJ\
pr~cedµre·for._Co'mpla·i~tl~spect.ion·

~errie_di.iition·.Pe.rio~ for Occupatlcual Safety and . of

Health Standards (OSH~)vlolatlons . . :· · · · '
Vlclatlons. .ot : Gl,.S aoQ/ _.· or· .. contractinq and
Sl;)bconfracting).ul~S are'subject to.to-day correction.
perlod., Vy'hjle- 'O~.H. · violations 'are subject to the
· following ..reiTiediation period: . . · '.
1. If the· violat.io~ poses· imm'1nent d_anger In the life
and limf> ofIhe employees, remedlatlon 'shallbe
. made within 1:'day from receipt of NR; .. · ,
· 2. .If the violation pertains ·to .Personal .Protective
· .·· :Equ1piru~nt$~(PPE), remediation-shall· be· made·
with!n 3 daY.sfrom receipt of NR; ·
. ln:v,esti.gation .
3·. If violations·pertain to instances other than those
aboye-mentlcned, a. IQng(;lr period is allowed .
which shall not· exceed · 90 days, provided. that
_ In ~~-$9 fallure,to.correctviolatton, parties. : .·
shalJ:be 9~llecn~ a mandatory c?nfJm=:nc~. ~- ..
.Within .1 O·day.s· upon.termlnanon of.itie.
.· mandatory conference;the.'LI shall subrnlt .
'recommendation to,the-RD:. Thereatter, or within·
. twentydays, µie RD shall issue a compnance
· · ·' order. .. . ,: ...
(D;Q. ('Jo.. 183-17;· Ru/e·Vt, Sec. 2) ..
O~ejpatlonal. Safety· ·.and Health. ,Staricia'rcis
. . -: ..
This shall covei: th~ following iristances: ·
1. · Existence of in,mineritdanger;·

' .
. 76 1. 2019 SAIN SEDA \.AW CENTRALIZED_ BAR-OPERATIONS
 LAB.OR. S.T.ANDARDS.
.SAN·BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS -M(MORY Alq 2019 . . : ",
IMMIMR M&F itf!iiiit@MMdlfiiiiiUWStifi b¢f5. . ff*4¥11PNHPU8?NI.IO!Z/ --:c.•,.·,,,.=:,="
;;'1~

.Dangerous oc_currence.s; Groun.c;ts , .

Accident re.suiting in disabling injury; or .1: Prima facie e.vidence of grave . abuse of
9SH~. vi9lations committed in plain view ·o·r in. di'scretiori on thei,part df th~ RO;
the presence of a. Labor Inspector (D.0: No. 2. Pure q·ues.tions of law; or. .
~·
1 [!3-17, Rulf:! V(I, Sec. 1}. . 3·: Serious errors in · the findings of fact were
i;.~· committed, which. if not·correcJed, would cause'
:'f:. ·. Mandatory.Conference . grave irreparable 'injury to t~e appe)lanr (D.O...
-£:_ The mandatory "c:onference shall 'be ·..summary in No. 183-17,
. RULE;:_
. ..,. XIII, Sec:·2)
. ..
-:s,. · nature and shall be conducted as follows: .
{f:·\ 1.. In' routine· inspection, within 10 -days after the .
Wher'e to file · · .
,.;. ~ laps~ · of . the · 10:-day. correction period for. ·· · The. appeal.shoulc:J.!)e filed with the Regional Off.ice
I<;: vlolatlon · bf . GLS : and/or· contracting and th~t. issued 'the _Gomp:liahce Order.' The filing of a
. supco'ntrac:ting rules. For''Q$1j; ·failure to correct. Memorandl!m· of Appe~l·with· any oth~r office shall_'·
t· OSHS_violairon with the remedlatlon perlod shall no~: tol! tl)e running of th~ r'eg!em'entary period for
f~ · · caus·e.the issuance of Compllanoe Order; . · 'filll")g the same (D.O: No .. 183-17; F?_ULE Xiii, S~c. 3).
f' 2 .. · For_ Complaint and OSH rnvestigation,:":"it~in 1 O and.Enfo~cemen~
.Vlsitoric;t~ ~ower (A~icle 125),
{· · ·: days after the lapse. of: the 10-day. correcnon v.
f,. perlod for . violation of GLS, OSHS 'and/or
~djudlcatory
.. . .· . ~ . . . (Art,cle.129)
.Power . . · .· .
~-. . . . · contracnng and subcontracting rules (D. 0. No.
,;;:,·. · 183-17, Ru/a X, Sec; 1). . · /-;,, ·
~
~:-'..
•' . ', . .
' ' - . . ,t,
/:· •,,r..).
;;,r''! ••
J( , Di~~issal of the Cas_e . · ·. J,·•'j)' · iii\ · .S~_c_retary of Labor or rtls . R~gionafDirector or any
~::,: W_1.thin20.day~ from _the re?e1pt,of_Labo~lnspe?\ol'{~,-:·:·:·~_:··.':1 duly · · . . .·_ authorize~ du~y .authortzed hea(ing_
~: .. r.ecomm_endatl?rl,.the Region,al. Director may 1sf,U~;·' .. '.~·_;: ... .r.eµr.esent~!)v.e who may ojfice.r of;DOLE.. ·
tl, an o_rd~r of. dlsmissal of the case on any .9-ff th'.~I': rt 'E'.. 1 otm1iy:F10(b'e\aRegional ·· · ·
~: . following gr.ounds:: . . . /~- ·-si ff . Dl~e'cto~;..:.-:f. .
f.i . t. T~e findings _of. th~ Labor lrispe~1.Jir"havenp(t,,1,1~ · ·· · ·
.r basis in ~act andln law;' .. · .: \./:,,./{. . £?-'17· ·
f: '. 2.:: '.'fl)e. empl?ye,r pre_~e.nted. su,b~~,iti'a!t~l~foc'~ · .. f'.;i' . ;i
'Adminis~1t" tisitorial_. Adjudicatory·. po~er :' on
~-. · , con~oy~r:tingthe fi~dm~~ -~t.~~t:aboPinspe-cto'it_\. , t4,)and. enf~rcewen~\,power matters . jnvolving
i:: .. ~· '. Th? cor,rec~lon .?r re~~tuW:i9.--:'f',aS
t ·
t~' Th
. - .. . •J.
· · · t d- ·.. ~-...... · .i::o.;.;1• · • ..J.f .. ·.
~i·~i ~"11111~'
. . . !'
:T.?~e bY... ~e.•. · l;{Jj ~xer.ci~~d.:. '1_·tllr.o0gl:l recovery of wa. e.:
employer prior._ to the l~Ua!jl're of!:the_&0mphao.9~·. ;~'i:j. routii'rEif·~:•jfi~_p·ei5fion'$i-"
order;·. p,...h( . ,.: .7t:' "tii"' .•.,~·1.•1;v--: . .
estabhsnment~ ··.
of
.
a111m1
.
g

r!,.':· 4·• . .. e . · parties en ere·

r,.
·:into :l•"'J.,.."'(i,•J,Ull'Jp,roml}t::
·agre_e,:n~nf. · ifl . the rno·?~ . ori P,f'ym·~1t· a~d. :_; _.,.;....~
· .. ! .
poi:np11anc~- 9nly): dunng. thel.,;~:ar:id_atory . ,;/.~11t, ·R·•• ~-.~ . : ·. t
1·
f
,·
~
E. · · ·
~-. conferen<,e;··or- . .. . .,~:/. .e,,~.:'.'":-'E'•:'-" ~9!.:n,~1ex1s ~nee.. o .Er- e rel~tionship is not
f:' .5,~ .~ny·other··analogous drcurtlsta,nc~~arr,n.tlhg · -~!~Ee.. relat1.onsh1p. . ,.. necessary . sincEr ,·it
Ir the. dismi$sal ·.of ·the case· (D.o N..<>.~-183-17, · should ·not. in.clud.e.. a.
( 'Rl!fEX( seo:·3). . :· ' ' · .:--:~--·. . . claim_ for.reipstatement.
~-
~ . .

r-t . w..~rk Stoppage Order (WSO) ·. . . ·

~r,forc~ment ''power· -~s· ·~wprn,compJainttiled by
.
.:
<·
Tn.e $OLE qr:his ..duly aµthorized r~pr~sentativ.e'rr,ay"··
direct to stop wholly or p~rtly, ·.the war~ oper:atiqn, of .
a11y-un1t. or- departmenf'qf an. 13stablishment when ..
·ar,- pffshoqt. of. Vi&itociaf 'iflterested. party: · ,-
power. ' ' .
non-compliance with OSHS poses· Imminent danger
. to: the' heafth and. safety. of the Ea1mployees of ttie
Workpli:ice. Under exceptional' circumstances, th~ N~ limit. Aggr~gate"daimof each
~.·. SOL.E'may.order' ari inqustry7wi~e WSO ·(O.O. No, ... complainant.doe·s. riot· :
exc'e'e,dJ=>5;000, · :
. . y111,..se_c.
.1-83-17, ,.RUL'E . . . . 1). .. . .. ,

Appeal . . . . ..
The 'cor:ipliance· order- may t;>a·. a'ppeal~d 'to the. Appeal tci $ec·. ot'-~ati~r. Appeal to NLRC,:within
:, . POLE-OS'EGt,y filing of.a ·Memorandum of ·Appeal, withln.1 o calen<;la·r- d~ys; 5 c~lendar days: . .
~- · · f-urnishi'ng .the other· party· . with .a cop,y within 1 o · . . l'.;>~clsion ·. may be
calendar.daysfrom receipt thereof. A l'l)ere·notice 'of . elevated to·the Court of. ·
appeal shall.not-toll the 'running of t~e. period wlt~in Appeals· (CA) .' througli
r.:, which to appeal (D.O.·No. 183-17, RULE.X/11,·_sec. certiorari: .
'1). ' (1 AZUCENA, supra at 469~·4_71).

r.
~) ' 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I 77
 . ·•:·~~~ . . .
~·--~: •.,..iiffllC"W 9 HIM·IRRM

L·Aao_R.STANDA.RDS ..
I SHl&»lli 4¥64i'M511M NS'PL'R'llt1Mlol'PPIFWii¢2ll.i.liiiMliilllbiftib"iit1

.. :
I ,
:· . .
.. _...,l\tif!"W&&& *iHMP
.
Note: Where no Er-Ee relationship exists between
SAN 8£DA LAW'CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS- MEMORYAID 2019
ese;;
.
'*
$¢1WSA-MhSM&#i \2tF?idibffikPi'
.
SJlmh-3ff·WEd?dtdMM¥bWi&it

. Ex-Officio Voluntary Arbitratots.(EVAs)·

.
tifWtti4W::lm

the parties.andno issue is involved which. n:i_a_y be · · b.o. No. 8~-07, series of 2007, designated ali DOLE
resolved by reference to the Labor Code, _othe_r labor Regional Directors,and Assistant Regional Olrectors
statutes or-any collective b~rgaini.rig agreement, it. is as EVAs. ·
the Regional 'Trial Court : that.. -has Jurisdiction·
( Urbenes, Jr.. . v .. Secretary of DOJ..E, G.R. .No. As EVAs. the DOLE- Regional Director arid their.
122_7$1, Eebruary·19,· 2003). : · · assistants have Jurisdiction over the following:
· 1. All.grievances arislnq, from the interpretation-or ·
· ARTiCLE 12.9: R~COYERY QF.WACi°ES, SIMPL!:; 'implementation of t~e-CBA;. ·
MONEY C~lflt1S. AND OTl:IER BENEFITS· ·2. Ail grievances· ·arising from the interpretati'on or.
R.\H:;overy af W~g·es; 'simple'·Mpney Glaims, and:. enforcement of_cqmpan'y personnel. potlcles ..
Other· Benefits· - · which remainunresolved after exhaustion of the
The Regional. Director o'r. ~ny. .'of·his. cluly authorized· . grievance procedure.. . . .. .
· hearing · officer is empowered through summary · 3. , .Gases referredtothem by the DOLE Secretary
proceeding and'after' due notice, .to naar arid decide · underthe DOLE's Administrative Intervention for
cases involving · rec;overy .Qf ·wages. arid·· other · · . Dispute Avoidance; end '. . . .
monetary ·' clalms, ·. and · benefits, including. legal ·. 4.' .' Upon agresm..enfof !he parties (D: o. No.. 8~-07). ·
interests (LABOR COD~,·_Art._ 1-!l9);. . . . · · · . . . . · . . . · . .
.. · . _._ · · · .. ·. : . ·,:;,;,c.'.a==,:,=cl.!le. EVA shall have the -power 'to hold hearings,
Requtsttes .for RD~.s Jur)sdi~tion .. _qv~~itr(ple -:rr . T ·-y~9iw~,E}.~idence·_-a_ndtakethenecessary actions to
Mooey'Claims: (H~) . . .. . . -~: · b.\. . LJ
1
_le~ol~!:l't~p~J~pute(0.0. No. 83-07, item 4). .
1. The _Aggregate fT!Oney pl~rm ok'?.ao~ ei,pp,lof~J~~,--=--=~-:( _ff./",, · . . ·· ... ·
or househelper does not ~xceeqi:P5.upg;,.~. J:he·t:J~sTon,9'1\_award·of·the EVA shal] be:fmal and
2.. The·. claitn .is. presented ~f a·n.~§J
,P1~¥,e.~··er."--~~L·,., . exe.c.Q.!o~~@ir''\~~al~ndar.days frorn the .Pc:i.rtie~· .
. person employed in dorp~~~ 61 . hqusehc;>l.q- "1,r . -~~ceiptq,fth\_c~...,.Q¥,P,e decisi_qn _of ~ward.(D'.O. No. ·
service or .!:!ou.se.helper;- ';1 ,""4y1, ·. · { . . . .Ir' -,#;J\. ,83-07, item·:Bj.~ {( -'~- ·. · · .' . ·
3. The claim arises fror,i,'i .5mP,loyE:lr-~mployee 1· .,/0 . · ·ii . \ (f) \--. · · · ·- -
relations; a_nd . . 11 J'.-~-· g·· ·. ., ·
~--,~lr-A-riiotionfor:.r~o~nsid~r,aUon may·be filed before the
4. Th~ claim~nt does- no,·
AZUCENA, supra af46 ,~f$j;).~ -. \. -~ ·(--=\m:•
Ji
-_'t~'~k·/~einstat{lmeFil!f't;-, ~els.ion av.rard'J~p;'~ \\o finality ~nd shail:~i9p_ the.
,,;,y:;.,fM!ningpf'the"1P-ldaY:~:eriod for finality. No seco.nd.•.
. · · . · ·.. . '~~,1 \l ·
~("1l\ .·. . ;::-;~motion/Thr6)"ec~ns[d'e_r~lion·.shall ·be allowed. -_-A
No.te: lfl the ab!ienc,e of c;iny ~f~i~e--~~,quisl~_\l{Js:r~i~ · 7°i:imoifoJf:[~o;ec9,Msid.er.atJon shall b_e resolved within
:--, Labor ArbitE!r· who shall h~v~~ch.i\iveJ\!_i" \i~tib ;~ 4:<Dt·f!i{~fter ad~ej~e,party files i!s CO(Tlme~t or wre
over_ plaim.~ a.ns)rig-.--fr:O~: ~ploye~\~ . e ,[p~ _::~".I ''-"m~t~nt~J;f~to (D-~.: No., ~3~~~· item· 8)_. . . . . .
relations, . e:?(cept ... cla,1ms \·. f':lr. ~~mpQy'e.~_Y-\7 .JI. . / . . . · .. . .
compen:sation, SSS, PhilHea~ · .afl~:f'~n:,at'~r!ilt}'):t' }r,App).;i1s/. '. ,/,/ · · · '.. ·
. ~enefits, pwsua~t·.t? Art·. 22f
pf ttie~.•aqor.~~e~d~~~,;,.~~l-9.1er~f~~DOLI; Reg_iorial; Dir,ector ,shall' be
. · . ·· . . · '-1'9,r;.~~1n-al-a'l.a1:~)~~tory_u_r-i!essappe~i~~ to t!'le Secret~r}' .
. . Under Art; 129 of.the· labor .G'O_de; the p~_eLo_9.th.e '1\.1
J9.f\taj:i'o~"'sl(l_i:l ·E_rnplo~ent. w1.th(n
' DOLE · and its,· dl;JIY c!uthe>rized Iiearing 9ffice.@0J~> .lV ,I.J'~c2,iPt<-'f~.reof(~ules on the Dispositionbf Labor
,.o,
days Jrom

'hear and.decide any-matter-involving the re'c;:ov_eryo~·:::r":SfandardCases in. the Regional Offices, .Rule· IV, .
. . · -wages and .otl'\er mtinetaiy claim,s and ·be'r1efits 'was' · . · . 'Sec; 1J. · ... · . . · . •, . : ..... ·
.. . 'qu'alifi.ed by.tlie-:proviso that the cpmplainfshould ~c:it'. . , . . .. .. . . ,. . e· :. . ,• .. : . . . :: _.· ..
· include . a claim ·for· reinstatement,. or. lhat · the . . . · TITLE Ill: ·wd.RKING COND.ITl'ONS. OF .'SPECIAL'·
. . c!ggregate mon'ey ciaims" not: exceed·. -P'5,00'0_. '!V\. . . mioL.JPS· <?F.: EMf>i..OYElis·· .. . .
... 7730: or, an Act Further Strengtheniflg· the Visitorial . ·. · · ·
. :. · and._Enforc_erne.nt.PowE!r~ of. t~e Se.crntary _of L,ab'or .. · · .. _ ·(N.9te;·Refe~to .ifi.e:discussib,:i.of Arjicles p0:..161 of
unoe:r Art.· 12a, did _away. wi~t'!- the PS,000 Hcnitatlqn.. · . . . the: Labo,: Code ;o, ·s~qial ·Giqups of Employee~ ·
:auowing.theObll;: Secretary to,exercise its_visitori~I · under Special taws) : · · · · .·.
an<;l enfoi:c::ement power-for claims be.yo_nd· P5,000. -· · · ·
T-he. o"nly..q~alificatio'n to)hi~ expanded. p()Wer .of -the
DOLE. was ·only th1;1t the~e.' still .be' .a.n.. e?ti~Jing.
E!.ITIP.loyer-employee rela_tionsl:1ip. (Bombo; .Radyo
i='hils., Inc. v. _secretary of DOLE, G.R. No. 179652,
Ma_rch6, 2012). · · ·· · .. ..

M~ne.y 'clairiis: s/'lall _be filed .within. thtee .(3'{ y~ars .

. from the time the cause of action accrued: (LABOR :
. CODE,· Art. 306). . .

78 2019 SAN SEDA ~WCENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 iiiiip ,,..,.., HA+ M!& 4!41NNlus,itaa> ..,._,,.. NMtaBi.an,tP w

~l·
,1·~
,,
~. .
LABO.R sr AN"DA:~os·
oAN.B~DA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS 2 MEMOF!,YAID 2919 . · .
'"f!:....... M\MWiilii+iiir1·u~~-¥, n:,, <Ht~·M&M/nwn bf'.M?WUif6tf$cJili.t:ffi•sa@smttsca-«st!"'ff!.1
tt,:
-£..' month pay (PH Duplicators, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No.
f.·>. . 13th
.,. · .
MONTH .PAY LAW
.(P .D. ~o~· 8;,1) . . .
110068 February 15, 1995). . · · · . . :

tt ,.
.-1..----:--.;._-~--:---_.;....------;._-....;..__J
Commiseion vis-a-vis 13th Month Pay
Jn order to be considered part of 131h·Month pay, the ·
'.1.:.,-'._ 13'". M.ohth .. Pay ·is a jortn of monetary benefit · comrnisslon.shoutd be· partof .the. baslc salary of the ·
~f: · equ1yal.enl to the monthly basic compensation employee (Reyes v. NLRC, G.R: No: 1"60233··
Augusta; 2007).. · · · :. · .. . · ~· . . . '
}: re.ce1v~d ,_by · ~.n . en:ipl?yee, computed .pro-rata
'f> -accordinq t~. the=.humq~r·C?f months within a year that
The so-called commlsslons paid. to or received- by
( · the employee has rendered service to the employer
:· (DOLE $W9".Q & A'On 13~ Month pay). · · . _ medical representativeof-Boie-Takeda Chemicals or
·'··· . . ~ ·: . .- . by th~ .rank and file. employees· i=>hiHppirie -Fuji of
i MJhimum· Amount . . · . Xerox were--exclud_ed from.the _.term "baste ·s·a1ary''
k _'It sho~ld not'~·e:·1~ss.than 1/12- of."the basicsalary of because these werepaid as.-~product;vity bonuses";
Such bonuses :· closely reeernble profit~sharir,g
~-: · an : ~~Pl?Yef·. Vfit_hin:··. a calendar ::ye~r :{Revised
/ · Gwdellnes on ·the. Implementationof P.D. No .. 851, payments · and have · no clear, .direct, . necessary ·
~ .. Item 4[a]) .. ·. . . · '. rel~ti_on to the __amo_unfof 'A,1(5rk·actuaJly.dtjn~·by .each .
lndtvidual employee (Boie-Take.da Ohemlcsls, Inc. v.
~a~is · ... ·•·. . De la Serna, G.R. No. 9~[!4, Decf:!mb~i 10, 19.93).' ·
Po(. purposes o'f, computing the 13th· month pay·_,;-,:·') · - . . . ·
"b~sic salary" includes all_remun~rations or-earni\'.1~~>-(},i_ Prod~ctivity Incentives . . : ·.· .. · ·: .
paid by ar emptoyer to an employ~e for. servjce·s'./. )\ '.I. Kmq of-bonus th!:lt comes-from _productivity.gain;
rendere9. (20,19. Handb.ook· on_ Workers Moneia,y: ...·_,: ·· 1· 2 .. Aims :lo instit~te productivity- at. company level.
f· · Statu_tory Benefits,,p.38). . · _- : : . )} l'.,~ ·,
·~J:":'~:~nd th_~:·jh~~~ml of produ~tiyity, g~in between
~i·_ ·. · .- · · · ... · . ·.· .r-"'."/'/ · .• , ·JiF.-"-t~~,.~'tnf>_l9-Y1f~anq e_r:npl~yees; ~nd. · .. .·
It .doe~. _r,ot_ mcl.ude all .aUo'."'ances apst.J,no.neJary,"':; 1.~ 9\..
;3. ~~~tir-e• scila_ry bonus 1s . ~~oport1onate. Jo
f
!~~~ - ~r
benefit_s which are n~t c~ms1der~d.or.~1rif~9[al~~ ·aic;:',{ ... mcrea~r_,;hm. curre11t productivity (Product1v1ty
of~he re~ul~_r~r b~_s,c sala~·~.~11.:51~0~.Y I~
lncenr~ 'of 1990, R.A. Noh_,697?). ·._ .· :

J; ,. _1. ··.Q.as·h equ_ivalef)t "of unuseg'..Nc:f~atioriJ'an~cfsic~ tf~ Note'.l.. C:,f~1ukssi~ns of medical r.cprcsentatives
f·. - !~_ave cred i,s; C~nimissior{s;<:Jli~~-Q9t"e!r,:i,
fnt~f!r?tl ~ ~ !') .. d9 no!/(ot,fll~P.~hi'i~qf~'basic salary;' ·and .are· riot
~: .
fnc.~V,· NLRC, ·G.R. No. 110068, February 15 .
J
, pa_rt_.of the. ~asic sala_ry (F./"ljjllppme D(jetic,ato]§;_l. ·. I i_ncliilicii~J11'.'.°tliJt~it?putationof the 13th ·:month·
f''I . .,~ ··. .· · ·
1!;}9.5); ·,. . . . . .. . . ~~-~;>\ .. f . paY.·. . 1d· . . . . .. : . . . . . . . . , .
2. ·, Qosf of. Living" -· Alloviance l!'fC(yLA)}}(2019
. Handqook .on ·Worker's· MonetJrx?'St'atutqr,y
!',; ,·· ,.- .,. ;. . . .
__/:,,1.:J\·~~1QIG~L~~r_e~entatives?re. not salesmen bec,ause
.. .. . . . .. . .
': ). Benefit~, ;:,:.{fB).. , . · .. · . \4· · ,..-/{;....,......".:.,.......!.tl'l.e¥1.do:.ool,.effE:ctan5!_sale of article a.t ~II; addition~!
~.::._. 3. .!::!.ol{d,a"ypay;· .· :~ f':v. payrpents r:~ce_1ved·p~rtake of._the !'ature·of·prof1t-
·- 4. · Overtime pay;· · . ~~-- . · .,sJ:)a~ng .b?~~ses:(l=!~,~~T.akeda:Cfl.emj9als; ·Jnc. -v.
;: .: . 5.:· fremturri pay;;a'nd :. . -. · ·· · Dela s__ema, ·G._R. No. 92171 IJecember_ 10,. 19_$.3);
1.·.·
~
.· : 6., · ~.i.9ht $bift ·diffe~ential.
· · .. . ~ ." · ··
.· .
C.ov.er_age
·. . · . .·
. .
. . :·
.. . _. . ,.
· . .

~:· · : N·~t_e::~;~_rtim~'~~'i-nihgs.an.d tho§.~ not Pi:lrl -~f the 1

. · Employers .. ·. .. · · · · .· ··
t~:. . . ba~ic;:.s~l.l~ry an{ ~ot inch.1ded in·comp~ting'tnirteenth -~ene"ral. Rufe": .All employers are .covered:by
'-' mqn_th pay.(SupplfJ.l'i1e,:,(aURRP.D: No. 851) .. - . this Act-.· ·:. · ·.··. '' . •. . .' . . · ·.: · .:--
. . . ~ . . . . .. .
f. _H6y.,~v.e~. 'th~~e . . ~~!.ary-rel~ted b~nefits (i.e .. cash' . Exceptlo"o:·.(P2 E~D)
: ··equivalentq(u.n.usecfvacation·and $!Ck·leave"ctedits, . a, E,:nployers .of .those . who a~e Eaid. :on:.
i· . . · rf · · · d. · · (CoBoTaFj . . . · . ;-
!'.· _ove 111:,e,. premwn),. night tff..erentif,11 an(} hq/iday · .· . Purely·c."onimission· ba.sis·,
f PflY( C04,A) sh~uld--b_e included ,in)he .c6mputatioo I... -
· or the. -~ ~th- month pay if t?Y. lnc;lividuar or" coilective -. ,. ii. Boul'ldary basis; . ;- ·
f.,· .agrt;i~m:ent,-!=Dmpany pradi~e or" policy: the- sam.~ · JjL Task.basis; or . · ·.
f . . a.~e; tr~ated . as ·P,art_ of the _basic salar.y qt ·.the iv. A . fi~e.d·. am_olJnf'." fo~ ·. Pirforming a·
t · employees (2019. Handbook on worker's-Monetary spebific work;.-~xcept"where t.he wq"rkerS:
~ · · .. StatutoryBenefits, p..38); . . , · ·· :." are· paid Qri piece-rate basis in· which
t, · , ·· . . · . _. - . . . . . , . . .-:· . . . c~se the· emplQyEir $h~H t,e' c~vered. oy
f S~le.smen's C~rl')m.l~Sjons, con,prisir;ig a pre- .·· . this issuance· insofar as sucfi workers
~ d~_termined percent of.tl;le ·s.elling··price 0( the·goods are· concerned; ·
!-·- sold by · each salesman, are .Included ih the term
"basic $alar.y··· for _purpos~s of ·computing the" 131h

2ois SAN aEbA lJ!.W CENTRA~IZED ·BAR OPERATIONS· f 79

 ma;

l.ABOR STANDARD·s.
• RN? ... fiii24«U Ml

SAN.6f:OA LAWCENTRAL1Z£DBAR OPEFl,ATIONS- MEMORY.Alq ~019:

·~O.'YA24¥E#6!#8ES ES# FAE irilfk&I P . :i'Mi#t Y:W 49 Ck&! 4¥ etrrt&#ti40

_Not~: Workers Paid On Piece-Ra'te Note: The frequency of payment may b_e. subject to
Basis refer to those who are paid. a: agreemen! between . employer ciQd the collectiv_~
. standard arnoi..mt for every piece or unit bargaining · age'nt of · tt:ie .. employ_ees (Revised
', of work produced that is more or fess· Guidelines.of P.D. tyo.·851, item 4 (b)).
regularly replicated without regard to tne .
.. time spent in producing the sai:ne.. .. Non·-,.;~lusion in Reg_utar.Wage:· .
· · · · · The mandated 13th month pay need not be credited
b. Employers already p"aying their employees : as part ofreqular wage of employees for purposes
. 131h month pay or more in a calendar yearor .· of determlnlnq: overtlme arrd premium pays; fringe
.its ·gquivalent at the till'!€ of this issuance; benefits Insurancefund, So"cial Security; Medicare·
Note: -~'Its equlvalent" includes: (CMPO) . . . and "private retirement. plans (Revised Guidelines pf
. · · i. '·· cnrlstrnas' bonus; / ;· PD 851, /feni 7)'. . · . ·' · . · ·. · · . ·
.· ii. -Midyear bonus;' · · ' · ·
iii. .Profit-sharing payments; and · .u is. paged Oil wage J~llt. not part" of wage ·( Central
·· iv. 'other casf bonuses not'less than.. 1/12 Azucarera de Tarlac v,·Cr:Jhttai Azucarera de Tertec
.. <ithe baste salary. · _' .. · LabolUnion-NJ,.u;.G.R.·No::1fJ8949, July 26, 2010).
c. The Government_ and· 'any of .·its political . · .· ·. . · · · .- . . . · . ·· ·
·subdfvjsf()ns, incl_udin~ "GOGCs· 'except .t~ose . ·Rule"s-on CertainTy1pes of Empl~yees
corp_~.r~ti?ns-._ operating .~ssentially ~s pr.1v~,==i_~ Empl_oy~es: P_~id by ~e~µ_fts ·
·su.bs1d1~rie_:; of the Government;_- ·
d: p.istr~sse_i;l empl_oyers such as: ... ~l.P7; f\,..
~"* ir J
'Tu, ..,':'Em.Q!~yees paid on piece work basis are_ by law
\i~ /"\~,}e!?.°'iitlt;i~the1 ~·n _i:nontli pay. .
.

·
. .

.·
1 .. : Those which . are c,urr!?JJll-:t-~~q'g'ri!mg__....=.-,.=~Y :.J[ · · i{ ,.. ~ . '. . ·
. · substantial losses; or. ,i}~-., ~\.\,,J/,t.,:P=- . ~l;Q£l6(e·es<Vilboare paid a fixed 'or guaranteed
ii. .In th~ ~se of non-P.r9m1~!J,t;J_.Wf~,,~-at1~'~~~-~"Xit~ie\p!Q~c6~,Tis~ion .~re also. entitled _to the

.
. organrzations,_. where_f.irii~ JP~ore h~~-
c~~sistei:it1y ~eclined.~b~_ rno;)}'tha~ 40_% i"-r .
!He" normal mcome;fo, the/las\
(P.D. 851, Sec. 3). ff ;;,.?'·Ii. ··
. fr~, ff
'r'
yea'.~
/I~
f·
it ),. -;-·
(.J. . .
1~
n:ia\da3;lo.,:J·~,l'Q,.On!h pay, based on their total
eam1r.i.9s't~uf'1_n~,.!_hecalendar-_year, ;,·e.; bn_ b<?.th
thekifixedl.fgy~Qteed·wage and comm,ss,on ·
_,_(Re1:!l·sed GDiae_f.lor~ of P.D.·No. 851; Item 5 (a))_.

2. Empl?yees · . . /'~i'l · · · '. ; .·

U·
Gen~ral_: Rule:_ . All r~1nk"f,.ct~,-fll~re. 1 ploye~s~~
~ '~it"-·:\ <:1:_Jlt.if . .- ....
fu)f.,~ ~
·... i r<=- "
Ttio,~~ with~glti&i,- Empi~>"yers
.. .
.. ·: G(?§~entf e~pfofees w~rkirig: part. ~ime in .a
..
·
.

regardles:> o~ tl:je a/'ll.<?i~p~?J.~J:fs,o.ij~...-~!~~ftat. •.,,, 1 , ef'li PJ1~tti,J'ntefp_li~e"!);,cl~d~n~-pri~~te educational

_. they .recel'{~ tn a rnontn-~ 1LJh_li11;~ell'! · l,!?j~{\l'lt~ j,k.4~,,. ;9_@!.tJ.tions/as._w~IJ;as e·mployees worlsin§ in two
not. ptlicrw1!>c cxc.mptc:~:ro~ -~~~In {tc.; \3 .lf.itl , . ·--..,~of.more~1'late fi~~s. whet.her on f\.111 or. part time
.mo~th_p~y; ·,. . . . \. . . ~ : "::- ,. ~~.,.<-.'-"' 0'°~is,Af¢ ~~t_i~~1to the"re_qCJ_ired 131h mont_n pay.
. :~o · · ,.,· t· .·· s · h I ·
e. _uc emp oy_eErs. a,:e ~(11 e
· ~ ftf ·J:I\·
\'--~·· th Jciih'1EN~\~{&Qm;;afl :t_lie1r pfwate employers regardless of
'"'~.......:Ll~ftie(f·fy>tat:·~rriings "troi:n. each · qr all".-their
f')'lonth P~Y ·regardless of t~e'it~t~~.!~~i:~fli~.;..:,;<-::,;-:e_rQplo~i{Rev.isecf Guidelines.of P:D. No: 851
· .. ~~ployment · -~tatus,. and 1rresp':'s~uv.~::-toP._,th~. 1\ ,r b, ~'1&:,hi'i"!f';..tti)).· :- · .- . · · . · ·'
.. r:net.h(?<:I· by_ which their_wag.es_ are-pam-;.;~9\"li9'ed .1\/i.t':"~'.\.- ~ ,;,,P' ... ·. · .: ·.. .
: that th_ey liav.e worked for: at-1_~.:i~t (1). ?Q.~~ont~~at~School T~-ache-,..s' ·
during a .calendar year (Rev.tsed Gµ_1delme$ on · .- . . .· · . · . ..· . . .
th , .. t j; f P_nvate .sc~oc;>I .t.eac_~ers_1• _lncludmg_ faculty
e_ mp eme? ~ ,on ° fth :13'1>-M nthPayt-awi.
e , · .'!. .·. '· . rrrer:n!2~rs .of urJVer~1t1es a,nd .Golleges, are
Exc_eptlons: .(C~eG) . . ..' .-·· . ' . ~h~!.t~ed . t?· . t!l'e :_ ~equir~.d · ... 13th' '. rn~n.th . P?IY, ..
'a:_. .. Emplciyees:paid·pLireiy on £ommi_ssien.basis~· ~. _. ·.regarq!es,s of.the nµmber .ot montf:ls_they_ lf;;a?IJ
· b. · Employees already Receiving 131h. month· pay~ or are p_a,~ within a yea.r, 1f fhey h~v~ render,ed.
/ 'and . . - ,.-:·. . .· ·.· service. for_ at· least· 1 month. w1thm: ?. year
c:. · §o~~rnment employees (Revised G"uidelines of .. (Revi~.e~Guidelin:es·~'. F!_.D\_N~. 851, /~em 5_ (c!)-
PD 851, Item
. . .· ·
2r
. · . ·.
. ; · ., . .
. . : · ,. :· ·. · .·.· ... ' . ·· :.
.Pro-Rated :13th M~lit.h:Pay · .
.- .
. .. ,
- · .. ·
· · . _. ' ·
:Not_e:·oomestic Wotke~ 1:1re.-now 'ebtitlec;l to 131h, ·.An·eiljplo~~-e ~h? h~s-.r~sigped o~ wh~_se.~ervices'
Month Pay"(R.A. No. _1036"1, Sec: ·25,· par.-.2) ... · .. ·, were·ter.rrnnat~.d at" ar.iy" t,me befor~ the payment of
. · · .. · · · .· · · · ·. ·. . · . the'1-3th ryionth p~y rs entitled to thls,monetary benefit
. . Time .of f>ayment . . . . : in proportion t~ the" leri-gth .of:time_ h~ work~. 9uririg·.
Pa(d" riot later than December 24 of each year. An the ye~r reckoned· from ·the tirii~. he started· working
. employer, however, m_ay-give to '1is ~mployees_-1,2 . during the calendar year up to the time- of hi~
. ·cit_the· required 1·3lh'iT)_onth pay-b_.efore the op~r.iing of . resfgnation. or. termination from service '(Revised.
the regular :schoql year and. t~e ·other half 011 or· Guiqeline~ of P:D. 851, ltem~6). · · . · .
before . -December· ,24. of every . year . (Re"vised_
.. Guidelines ofP.D. No. 851, item 4 (b))." . · ·\

· 80 I 2019 SAN SEDA l..AW.CENT8ALIZ~D 8AR.OPERATiONS

 ·LABOR. STAN DARos·
.~t · . . .
\: Genera.I Rule: Pro-rationof tliis benefit applies only
in _cases·. of resignation _. or. separation from work; · .
SA/ii BE:DA LAW,CENTRAJ.IZ,E:D BAR OPE:RATIONS - .MEtv;ORY AID 2·~,9
14th M_~nth Pay is not legally demandable sin~e· it.
is. basically. a. bonus and therefore, gratuitous in
·.r, computa9ori should be .based on length of service ·. nature. ·The. granting· of 14th month pay is a
'~~-. and not on the actual wage earned by. the worker manaqernent prerogative which cannot '.be forced
°f .-(Honda- Phi/., 'lnc., v. · S.a'!7ahang Mangg~gawa sa upon by the employer (Kamaya Po/Qt Hotel v. NLRC,
·~';. .nonae, G.R. No. 145561, June 1_5, 2005). .. . · G.R.=f'!?· 15289, August 31, 1989):
·~A· ,, . . · ..

_':'( E~ce.pti'on: Employees who ate 'paida gu·arantee~ Cov~r~l'geJrom tncorne Tax of the 13•h·M-~ntti Pay
it mi~!murn, waqe or commissions earned are· entitted
tt to 13th month pay based on total earnings.(Pbilippine
. . 131h . month , . pay and . other. benefits, such as
:·.\·
'.
...
' ,.
· productivity incentives and Christmas bonus, not
.,~;:. Agricu(tura/. .<:;ommerqial 'end' Industrial.'. Workws. exceeding P90.,000 .are exempt from t~xaHon-(2019
@i. Union v. NLRC, G.R. No. '107994,'Af.!gi.Jst·14, ·1995).': Handbook on yV9rker'sMonetary Statutory Benetlts,
J,.·' . ;. .,· . . .·• -. . .. p.42}: .. : ·, . . . .. . . :_ .
t· utustratlon: . -, : .. , · · .. .·
fi. 1. . X worked for 6. months prior t~?' resignation. He .. Adjudic~tion'qt Ciaims · · ..", · . ·
· · received .a monthly 'salary of.. Pt,500. ~'$ 1·3.th:. . ··Non-payr)'le,:it or.13•h month l?<:'.Y shall be treated as
month pay Will,be computed.as.fohows: -~ - : . ·.
money claims cases (P.D.: No. 851, Sec. 9)
. : (Monthly Salary x'·Mo~tlis--Worke_d) .
12 . . - . .
_ .. Pr_dportionate . ·,./1'0( · · ~EALTH, SAFETY AND
- 13th Mont'! Pa.y .. · . ·t-':::t;<,·\~
(.p-7··'soo ><6in~nths)·
.
..
P3...,5 .
. . i .. ~'(,., .... ,Ii:) ....
: . ,-, ! •. .-;,:)·
. ·I· t:~1:- . . ,' SOCIAL WELFARE
. . . . 12 . = .. ,, O.· . . ·,J .f••··~1t·. <-<- "''.';i ··BENEFITS ·.
·. /;_ · .

Thus, X:is:entitled to p3-.750·:. ·, .· .

. ... ·

>-r;:;;.;.,,., .
. ,//
·,-,,f.'·1!'')~~,~1(~ f:..;Ji.~~_,,,.. ,
. "\:!.,.f ~-·--:·.....---~~
)\.)~i
••;;;,.;.,~~-,;..,
TITLE.
...
_,-- .......
o1';f!;
-------------...1
MEDlCAJ.. · .. bENTAL · ANo'
2. · ~sing f>'4~6.oo:-per d~y ~s- the ba~(c·6,~y~a~i;i~?P-"I':\.oc~~PAjfb~~'~SSAFET\ . ·. . . : . .
s(J:(-day work-:Vfeek or . ~IJ \<Wfale13,\~(~r:it~ly
_b~slc salary of P) 1, 1 ~-1:5~~-~·.,;·-...:r. . C\. :
fw~ - GHAPTI#. 1:-~ e\JCALAND DENT AL SERVICE~i _' '.
. . 'ii. . ~-- ·~ .- . : . . _ .
· · · , · •· '1 ~- •. · · 1, · · 0<.·-,·--~,,~~--crn \.,,.~
>r.11
"'1 . . .. '~· -_ ··. ,,_;i A·
• No absence · _.
I, . - ... ·.
q
ARTn.~.~K1~~:Ji'i!~~··"-AJDTREATMENT.
~~h\1~_1.5,P~:: _:I ~irsf ~ld~e_at_rrient ref~rs· t~ ·.a_n_ adequate, _ ·
.. .

No· al:?_sehce "•t.: ~1)1~\1 .50 J' . · '(}, •.mr:ne91ate· an.d·. ri~c_essa:Y . "'.~teal . _and ~ental
·_ • · '·.. ;-1 . • ·, l!.~a!_t~J1t1on'Or ~emedy given rn ca~e of ·il'.IJUry or 1lln_~ss.
.1 day·leav.e w/ pay .. ~'!A.?1:;tl:1,50·.. ..,,::!'.1-'~:1W&l'fiPi~~b,1. a worlser · durin~ .. emp~oymen_t,
N b · ·. · ,rlt 111.iE'h.<"'·- ----~~1rrespectiv~ofwhether or notsuch tnJUry or rlln~$S JS
o ~ s_enc_e ·· ·: !~, • ·.!.-?•r : : . . :<,.,ark-connected;. before a more extensive medical
.2 .days leav.e w/:p,ay· . :P.~~~t1dl50. -. ·. and/or' c;lental 'treatment .can be .~ecured (/RR of
· · . · - · ·, · · r.. -1-11 ·•· Labor.Cqdjj;-Efook JV. Rule I, Sec. 2(a))., \. ·
.2 days le_c1ve _W. :ppy :r.: 1,1 _.. . 50
_ :.· · -
JJo. ~bsence ··: : · : .:P j 1_.-11_:t .50. · .. : . · i=l~st-Aider is_ any· pe~~on trai:n~d: and duly ~erU(led
_.....;. ~--1--..-..c--.:........:,.~.
-- . as qualified to administer first~aid. _by the. Philippine
·2 d~ys l~ave wlo ~-i ;. p,10,259.50 · N_ati9nal Hed._Cross or .by ·ariy other organization. ·
Pc:!Y ·. .. . •· ': · , , accr'e.dited.by 1he former {IR'R ·of ~abor. (;ode, Book .
·.(· bn -maternit:{leaye :_ No sa}ary. JV, Ru_le.'I, Sec. 2(c)): · · .. ' .. · ·.: ·:. . · _
••• 1 •

On materti)~y.fe~ve · · .. Np sa_l~r:y·· . Hazardous .Workplaces ··

. - · ·1: Where the .'natu're of-:.the work: exposes· ftie.
{·
_.,...--'---"-'----'-.--.~+· _P_"'·1_;_1_1
.1;_· ...:.f._·5_o_· ·--i: · · _workers· to dange.ro1,1s erivfronmental·_elements,
t~ ... .
:~ d~y_s l_eave ·without . p ·a. 981.50 confamlriarits. -or- work conditions· ·. ·incJudihg .
_pay .. . ·. . . . ·: .: . . .. ion[zirig' _radiations·, chemicals, ffrs: fla_mmab_le'.
· s.ubst~nces, noxious c;omponents and the.like;
~ .. P 10~,133'.00 2. Where the workers are engaged' In_ cc;m·str.uction
r hs)
= P3,750 .. :
·work; logging,· fire-fightln'g, mining,' q·ua_nyln_g,

rf blasting, st~,1~edQring, do.ck . work, tjeep sea

I•

fishing and· mechanized.farming; - · · · · · ·

3. Where· the workers. are 'engaged ih -the_
· P9,011°.08'is.-~h:p:;o_PQrtionate13lh moo.th 'pay.. (Dep_. 'ma'riufacture or handling of explosives and other
Advi~ory No·. 2; Serie.s.of 2012): pyrotechn)cproducts;· · · ·

2019 SAN SEDA i.Aw CENTRALIZED BAR ~PERAr10Ns a1

 ·-LABOR STANDARD.S·
SAN BEDA LAW CfNTRAUZED BAR OPERATIONS-· MEMORY AID 2a1~ .
'IA oI!f PRNtiM&M ;u 1P\VDBSiwntews+Hway;sei:t.n9W\ zs:;,;;i;aawe:si.ci Mc5:ta&eeaMoez tif.:tt we:111t&EtlfkJ?WNSiNfl:'
. . .
4. Where the workers use or are exposed to.heavy a. ' 3,5 Ftrsi Aiders .
or' power-driven macl1.iriery or equipment: and b ... 1 Full-time ~urse
5. Where {he workers use or.are exposed to power- c. 1 Part-time Dentist
. driven tools. . . · d. 1 Part-time Physician
. . .. IV!e.dium·to High Risk: ·
The B~reat'.i of L~bor§t~ndards With the-.~pproval of. a. 3;5 First Aiders ·
the•Secreta:ry of ~abcir."sh.all·from tirne to time is.sue . .b. 1 F4ll-tim:e Nurse
. a detailed llstof.hazardduS Wqrkplaces for purpOS!3S c. 1 Part-time: Dentist
-_of.this. rule (fRR 0f the Labor Code, Book_' JV,· 8Ulf! I, d. 2 Part-tlmePhyslclans
$ec. 8). ·· · , ...· ·. , ·. · .· ; · . . · ·· · 5. 501 ~2000 Worker's
'Low Risk: ... '.
ARTICLE .. 163: EMERGENCY . MEDICAL .AND. a.. 6-20 First Aiders
DENTAL SERVICES . . , .. · . b. 1 Full-time Nurse .
Emergency l\lle~lca!· and Dental S.enrlces
·1: . 10-50 Employees : . ·.. ·. . .;
c.:
1 Part-time Dentist. 'i. ..,
, .. d -". 2 Part-time Physicians · ·
a:: -.Graduate iirst-aider · ·. ·· · · Medium to High .Risk": · . ·
2. .51..200. Employees.. . . . a. · 6-20 'First Aiders · .
+a.: Hezerdous ytprkp/ace - full-time. registered b.. 1 Full-time Nw.se·. .
· .nui:s~·-. . · . . . : . ·. · .. ~;:?-"'"-""~c.. 1 Part-tin:ie-o~nti~t .. . ' ·
b. Non-nezeroou« workp/~ce -:-.G~~t~""ffrst-1f · -r ~ 'Ir~,? .., Part-time . Physiclana or 1 . Full-time
· alder. · . : . . . . ~?' •.,.,., l'~ lLJ L \1 Jr
9~Y~!cian . . . · ·... ·
3. 2.01:-300.E!'llploye~s .· · · .· - . ,1r-<. '·) f'/~=~""'ti.._,,:,,~ort~l).am]OOO Workers
a:. Full-ti~e reg1s~e~ed nurs~~.
. b. pact.,t~m~·phy~JCJr;"!~/ ./.r ~rV/,. r-,-·
c .. 'Part-time den~1s_t; and (/':'Ji<~:.,,f' (
. . -tow1R1skJbl'1gh-Ri_sk:· ...
·,,.,,.-.R~~~":"><cl,..""'~~~~a.11.,0
11:·
. .rm
Firs~Aider~.
°'),"!' b. ,1 F't\lht!'"~W"1~xs~pe~ S~l~-
· .
.

d. Emergency clinic. j
~/T. 4 Jr ~: .,,..~ c .. i Ful~{u:ne.De~t,~t .· .·
· 4. 301 and. above ·. th · ·: . f I : .-·\;/\,. · d. ~ . Pa~t~i) lr,J1ysicians and 1 Full-tlrne
·a. FuU-tinie.physicia~;.4- J;?'.fl . · ~-.-.-·-~..1~ . fhysl.ci~n~ ·~ .: . - · .>
b. Full:-time ~eriti~t; ·I
r--..f
c. F.ull-limc;: .registered111uw;fi· · . \
a .· \' .~~ ~ t~-"~ .. j· .... i ".. . .. . . : .•. . . ..
(~ui,wj1z$Oi1'efoll_P,Wlng a~dltlo.r-fci.\ healt)l p~n;t?1111~I sh~ll _.be._.

.
_ ~'..·.~~:!~in~~; ~~·~~~.;~~\sp~i~~
. b~d·capacity tor ev;\Y'4oo·~rnp1oy.el~-:({:~~~ A~!9~ ·
t:.r~J~l~oIJr-k~~·
~r a..fr~cti6n.thereof ~·1.' First.
lx;r!J.r"'
,.j · :·, ·.. · '. · ·'· ·
. .·, /~~e~ 2~,9,wo~eJfor·~ ~ac;tii;>ri there~!:-. \~OU;
. .<-?' the La~or Co~e?.B~k IV, .f\(fle ~~'i:~~'r.'A
.. • • -:-i.. • • -, y~ ·"-- kPt~
e Nufse. . • . . . , . · ..
Note: .The .. above pr6vi~i0n h.a~~i~na~fd~':J?~N~~;J,Y-"500.wo£ers ora.frac~iori.thereof--; t ·~i:iii-
.o.o .... No 191H8 .effe<_:bve· Dece~~el' .a;,·¥01.S'a);,-:" ~~.fun~_-.~~iyyand 1 . F!-1ll-t11r1_e .or ·4. Pf!rt-time
follows: . _. . · · . : : · ·~~ $).()~]. ·~v'i,~'cJan:/; .· . ·.: : .. · . · . · . · ...
., . · · .: · · ·. :~ U ·. · 1\.·rr;N··~.~~·· · ·' . · ·. ·. · . .
'Health. P.erso~nel ,: ·: . ·.. ·· ·. : .: . . .: ~~:•.. ~ l v'i.lf~Q~~atio.~al.dentist,. e.~t~gjishments··~h ente;~
· · . 1;· 1-so:worke(s.··. · . .. ---~~.==rnc~a. Meinorariduni· of 'Ag'reerrieint· for- .·dental ·
' .. ·. . . . tow .Risk: ·.1 First·Aidet _. 'l_ :. ·. · . services for: work·ers, provide'd that the. reqtiirements.
. Medlµm tc;> High R.isk: 1 .First.Aider... : · for dent~! facilitiei:i:are·n'l.et ··. ·. :_'· : . : : .'·. ·, · .·, . ··:,·.
. . ..... . . . .. ' " . .. ', . .· . . .
. ·. ... . : . . . . . . .
_.: : 2. i,1 ~9 WorRers. Hea.lth··Estab!Jstim~nts.. · . · · ·. · ·· · . · ' ..
. :.. : L~w:~isl.<: t Fir~t Aid.er. 1·. · 1.-50:Wo(Re·fs .. · ... · . .. . .. , · : . · . . · ·
. ·· Medium to l-llgh·Risk; .. · · Low.Ri~.k to.'Higt, Ris~: fFirs(a.id !re~)m·ent rp·qm
·a.· ·1 First Alder . . . ·2. ·. ·51-99·Wotkers :· . . · ·· . . . .
. ~ b:. ·:2,.Part~.tinie· Nurses. : LoV/ Risk:\ . . . .... . :~ - . :_-... · ..
3. · 100-199' Work~rs . a ... 1 Fl.rst aid treatment room ·.
, ·. l.Qw.RiS~: . . . . . b. 1· Bed cflhiC ··~. · · .... .:.-.... ·· ;·:
a.·' ·2-First,Aicters _ . · · .- · Medium to High Risk~··.. ..
'b. · 2 Part-time·Nurses · ,· · a .. :2 First·aid tr~atment rooms
M.edlurn.to HlghJRi~k:· b. 1 Bed clinic· · · . ..
. · 13 ... 2 First.~\ide_r~ 3. 100-199 Workers '\.
·· - · · b. 1 Full-titne Nurse LQW Risk~ · , .' .
c. 1 Part-time· O~ritist. a. Additional 1 First aid treatment room for
d. 1 · Part-.timePhysician · · every. 1"0.0 workers or a fraction tt1ereof .
4. 200-sooworkers · : . . . ·b. 1 i3e.d clin.ic. ·..
Low Risk: . . '·

. 82 1 · 20[~ SAN.'BERA LAW.CENTRALIZED BAR.OPERATIONS.'

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lllll!IMMIIIBUl:l!ltiielll'ISAl!IIIXC!illl-1111!1111:i;i!!:!::==~~~-

f . · LA.BQ.R·'si'AN.DARD·s·
~,~-~.i -.;..,_-tt_,tAOt_
.. ZIHI_1&w__ •• SAN BEDA iAVfC.ENTRAUZ~o·r,AR ~PERATIONs_ - MEMonv AID 2019.
17&¥4':
. r,,- ..----~~----- -- !41WMSRIPW AAiiifdiWiliiMI.J!ifRNt·M>?Wt,rif444W iit3Ni&Sqt;mu.;_1t.''JJ!,:.,,.-,...,;,,;.c.:..

t>r. . Medium to High Risk, ARTICLE 164: ·wHEN EMERGENCY· HOSPITAL

a. Additional . j First aid treatment· room for OR DENTAL CLIN-IC NOT REQUIRED ·
every ~o workers .or a fraction thereof 1. The~'e is a hospital or dental clinic Within ,five (5)
.Ji[-·. . b: 2 Beds clinics kilometers from the workplace if situated in any,
'\'§. · 4 .. 200~250Workers urban area or· is accessible by motor vehicle
Low Risk:' . within 25,minute travel, if sttuated in a rural area;
a.. Additional 1 First aid· .treatrnent. room· for -·_2. The employer makes for the reservation therein
. every 100 workers, or a fraction thereot . . of the-necessary beds and dental facilities for the
b. 2 Beds clinics · · - ..' . use -ot his employees: and .. .
't< _Me-dium·to High.Risk:· . . . 3, The employer.must provide for _the transport of
;'f: . . a. . Adc;lttional 1 · First. ald treatment room. for the worker to the. hospital or clinic in case of .
!h . ·ever.y 50 workers or a·fr~cW~n thereof emerqency .(/RR .ot the Labor Code, Book iv, .
)}.... b~:., 2 Bl:!9S:clinics. .. · · . .· Rule I; Sec. 5; b.o. No. 198 Seriesof2018; Sec:
-}} · 5 ... 251-500 Workers . · 15). · · · ·· · ·
~_;;. Lo~ Risk:·. . ... ·.,. -, . . ... · Note_:'-;The employer shall enter into ·:a· written
;~, a.. · Additional'. 1 Fir_e~ aid,.'.~e~tmeht roorri for . contract w.lth the hospital or dental ·cJil'lic for the use
..,.. , · · ·: every- 100 workers or afractionthereof thereof in'. the -treatrnent 'of workers· in case of ..
-b, · 2 Beds clinic.-· · emergency (/RR b_(theLabor Code, Bobk'IV,__ Rule I,
: Medium to High. Risk:: . Sec. 5). · . .
· .. a. · A,dditiorial-. 1. First aid treatment · (oom for: /:i . . . / · ·
. _every 5o'wor~~rs ~r atractlon mereof- ,r,~/ _>:'.\~ C.1:-fAPTER ·11: OCC.UP:ATIONAL -·HEALTH -AND
. b.,_-,~,Be9si;:JinlyS , :. · .... ··.· ." 1-.'.,'f/,,i'.~\ S'A.FcfY·. . . · .' .
. 6. ·: 50:f -7~0 ~orkers· . -. . . . . C't,=\-~:'·'/;.j The. el"flplo'y~r- is. required · t~ observ~ · i;afety
f. Low Risk~ · · . · .. · . · · .... .- f,. . 'I} ,_..~,,.;L;st!3~~r~s.~;1.d-pr~v1de sa.fety_dev1ces._On the part of
. a_. ... Additional.·. 1 · First_ ai~ .· trea1f1ent r9,9~-t:fol.[--;._1i~~;.tffe' ~~~19,·Y,~~?1 ~roper U$e of these safeguards and
;r. every_ 100 workers 9.r ~ Jra_ction~t!,'l~~~of :. : 1~ tl~v1cEls":1s<-r~~1red (IR~ of La/;)or Code,. Book IV,
i;_. b._ Addiftionat_l1.1Bhee? c1i1·_niFcu_fo11r1_eve_~!5'.{f>Jl.w~rk~$\:JJ.. Rufe II, Secfn)t\ ·
i. .. or a rac l(?n reo 1 • 1m )l>f' . . ..J,'"' ~ ~ r, 1 ·i
i· Mediurn to High Risk: .... ~9" J/~;.;;;tf. . tt-~ · ·• · )/ -U . \\
? ·. a.· Additional 1. F.ir.st·,aid·_~t'meri~r~~m fo~ t·'J, . // if .. ~\ ·
! • ;· .
f·
.. · every 50 '{\'Ofl<e'rs or·a/fl;ac:;tio~J~f.90f . _' ·' !Ii,'k
_b. Additional 1' Be~l'clinit~fpfev.ezy;,~lg~ i,·:: .; ·
y~o°ttli(...
. . df ;:i fraction thereof, Fu11{~e~'}:.). tr-'.11· · · ·~/ · · ·",!/.!.:~ ../,Jo.,,. . ·
.-r ·
·:~::;;:-;;;-7
. ·
~tt::1-.·,~;
·!! \ .

Ii 7. _751 ..~1.~00 Wo,r.ke_rs . .. , ,•J.t::5/.\,\. )1 .. f.1f! . . · .

t- "
Low Risk·..
·' . . . . • : . • ',
·
; .-.. •
·
.
I.\·I' .· ' v~ ~,I . ¥ _..
· · ·f._:
·: · i '1r,,--,. . ·
~- . , :a. Add1t1011al .1~ F,1rsL··a1d treatm~t-.r.oom· .,or _j.~i;' r-''~i'f!'!':'•;._••.
(: . · .. .e~ery 100 W!)rkers or a fra~tiof,'tne~eqJ(bt.:". - l.,~LL-!11!L,;.f.!.:.':)·
r- .'
0

b_:. Additional 1, -B~cf clinic for.eve,r.y;_2§0~otRer . · ,.. .. ·

t_:,·'. :or a_ fraction. ,therf;?of, Full tfme _ . .,.Jl~.t ·
f c. 1- ~ed hospital. . . . · . .- ...
f . . : . Medium to High Bisk:·.. . ·.. . . ·... -- .
~: ·. ' a'.:· Additional .1 FlrsLaid ··freatri:ient' roorri for
t ·. . , :_ . . : every·$0 woi-kers''oi: a)r;:iction.'thereof . . .
for
r.. ·
!<'.

,.. ..
,. b. Adciifional·i.Bed,_cli,:ii~
·9r: a fractioi::i thereo(FL!ll tim~ ·
c. . 1 Bed ho:;ipltal
.ev~ry 100 work~r

·
· .: .· . ·....
~·· . .· . -~8. .1001~2000 . -workers
,. . J:ow Ri~~~ · . ·. . .:. - · .. . . • : • "i

t · ... a, · Additional 1 'First. aid ··treatm~nt room -for·

r·,. · . . . ~every· 100 \,.;6rkers or a ·fr.action thereof . ·.. ·
b., ·. Additional 1- se·d clinic for every 250 worKer
. ·or a fradion therebf;·Fu!(--time -
c·. · 1 Bed hospiial. ·. . · ·., .· ·. .
Medium:-f9, High Risk:. · · .
a. -Additional· t First ·aid tre.Gtment. room· for
. :, . ·. ev£Jry ~o.worker~ or.it fr'ac~on thereof . . .
bt Adoitional·1 Bed clinic-for eve.ry 1'00wo.rker.
or -a·fraction thereo.f; Full 1ime · ·
c. ·. 1 Bed hospit~l °(D.O. No. 19.B Serjes of 201 a;
· ~ec. 15). · · ·

2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS_ 83

 - LABOR ·llELATl·ONS ..
SAN BEDA I.AW CENTfl!ILIZ~D a~n OPEf/ATIONS - MEl\i!C)RYAID.2019 ..

. ·
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ARTICLE 2~ 8: DE;C.LARATION

---~--------'i""""'--:-......., I
LABOR REJ.4..TIONS
L.-- ......
T°ri:LE I: POLleY.ANO DEFINITIONS·.·
Labor.. Relations . is the 'lnteractlons l;>etwe.en
employer .and employees or. their. repre~er)t_atives .
and .the mechanism by which the -standards and
other .terms ·_arid .conditions·-.of_, employment _are
neqotlated,' adjusted· and enforced '. (AZUCE=NA,
.V,o/s. lJ-A.a.nd lfB, The Labor Code with comments
_an'r;JCases, (20f6),p: 10)1hereif)B_fter-2'AZUCENA].
· ·. concerrunq their· rights and, obllqatlons as u ni9f)
iLab~r. Relatfo_ns Lavvs define·the..status, :.rights,- and
duties and the institutional mechanisms that govern
th:e in'd_iVidual. and .. collective -lnteractions _of
employers, 'emplovees or their representatives (1.•
AZUCENA, supn(aUJ). · ·. . · . · ·.
· · · ·· ·
·N,Qte:.A~s~nt an en:tP.loyer-empJoy~eSilat on~hip,
. · -j:~ ..
OF. POL.ICY
It is the policy of the State: . . . .
·
1. To promote'and. emphasize the primacy of free
cotlectlve bargaining and neqotiationa, inchJding
.voluntaryarojiranon,mediation and-conclliatlon,
. as. modes of settlinq labor or industrial disputes:
2 .. To promote . free trade . unionism as' an
instrument. for tl:)e enhancement of 'democracy
and the promotion _."of . social "justice . ·and
development; . . . •'
3. To foster the free· and voluntary .6~g·anizationof
. a strong· and united labor movement;'° . . . . ·.
4. .re promote _-the -~nlightenrnen~ of. workers-
members and. 'as employees: . ~
s. To. -provide,' an· ' adeq uate ·. · administrative
machinery for the expeditious settlement of
labor or industrial disputes; . ..
_,::..,.s---=~·---·"'Ai.~.To e.n~ure. a stable· but :dy~a,:n-ic a~a just ·
,rt)·.
T 1\ _l1'ra4.stnal peace; and · · ,. .
fl.:, JT9"ej\'s.!{{e the participation o~ ·workers. in-
.· · . .

there 1~ no labor relation t~ spe~k ?J-;Afctb1~,r.er·1&.J.l~-""'-='=~ q~ci~idn,,ab;clpolicy-making.processes affe~tmg

:em~loyer-;em~loyee . !elat1onsh11?.,;:~.P~~_!b~H'je.. · ----s'fh~i_rilrJghts~~~~es and. welfare. rLABOR CODE_,
part1.e~, there rs '"!~ ~as1s_for.-0rgc!p1z~€J·fo~p_urp_9~~-=-~-~.rf~(~(), · \, : ' · .
of collective bargaining (2 AZLJ_fz...l:j,~"},vPr8faf'19k ~"-";"\W" · ~~'- ~,""6 \ . __ , · ··
· ·· · ..f '~yj. · . c jf' 1\.\ ,.P.arties- o Labq'r Relations Cases: ·.

t~~i,~ .
Labor Retattons. rjlay be di~jinguis,pd frim Labpr · .---~~- 1. Emp oyee-r~·c5r/~li1¥,auon;,. . .· ·· ..
Standards in that the·i~t~er }st-tn~t ~art qf_1abo_J::law · r,ani=lgeme~~-~ · ·. .. .
11
which prescribes th~ ·m1rnm~~s~n~op.n,d1ti~~s..r ~il'J:;fhepublic. :l=i!wa¥s\to .be-considered in ~ispute
qf ~rnpl~ym_ent _which the ~mpl.9~tr is re<iwreq~ 1_ . ,.:;.;i>~ be~een lab~t:.af.lg~api_tal, and_ it~~~ been held
grant to its e~ployees:(t AilJe...€_1 f, s\jr,J~
7). f ~-:J.'-"!-f~' .. ri.~~!s ..:iiof the · g!3ne,ral . public are \
f·
. . . , . . • . 11 '?"- t; i>b~~~ ~ :.. · · , ff':; ~· r·r r:r:t:>Cintizan~"' JI · . . . · .
Labor relations p91_i~Y. und~r(jfifiJ.a ~(.S0~·-1 :l(..J;.;-.,.~T ~ ate.;< - ...._, ff · ·. - ··
: embodied. in- . Art. XIII; s~. ~. :~f l_~;B-Z~" . . '-~~-~~
~7 .(/ · f · · · ·.
9on~titution which guaran~e.e~!o all ·~r~-e~r.""'"~"'/~fe;/EmpJ$yer .angre:mP.loyees ~re ~ctive p~rties
nght,.ari:ong __ o!he~s_. to: (~B~~Dt ·. \~ ·( Sr"'f~~ti1i;i}th~,public anp'the state are passive part1es,(2
1. §.elf-or~arnzatJo~;. . · ·\, . . .....~~~-~Pt!(2H~Z, VtfJ/lo,;,..,IRelations La,w Vf.ith. ·_Notes and
2: C?llect1v~ !!'.3rg~unmgand nt:::g?~1~1~so~~...,.~~eom~");iJ.sJ(l-006),p.3) [h'ereina_fter..2 POQUJZ]. . ·.
3. · Pe~ceful ~11d . .§.oncer!ed _act1V!ti~s~1~chiiqft}.9,:Jlh~ ,.\ \r }\~ ;:..."l .. . . ·. , ._ ,
.. ·._. rig_h~·t? strik.e.i~acc~rdance-w1th '~"."(~nit.!-. . lVJ.r.Ah$Je«lfor·ofthe _C.i_vil c:c;id~; ~an~at~s.~hat_n~ither
4. Part1c_1pate · 10 policy . _a~d . Qec1s1_on-m~R~ng.,_':-""""""~pitalnor t~bor, shall act e>pp~19ss1v~ly-~ga,mst the ..
. . ·procl;l~~es· .a!fect~i:ig_ their rights -an? benefits.as · othe_r or. ilJlpair _the ti:iterest and convenience of.the
·,may.be-provrded.by.l_a~ (CON.8_T. /J:rf..)~JIJ, Sec. ·. · public (C/V/1,.'CODE;Art. 1701).·: · · · ·
3). ·.. . . . ' .. ... . . . ··,,,·

'E~tUTivE COMMlTIE:E .•; S(jDJECTe°OMMITIEE . MEMBERS . .. ADVISERS; ..... Y. .. .

• MARY.~YRffiLL q. Sl/MANQUI KRISTINA . D .. CABUGAO · JOHN BENEDICT M, RIVERA, . ATTY\._- )OY\UCJ-i ··. M.
Ov.ir-all · Chairperson, ·'·ERICA" Subject i;h{!ir, VIGTOR.KENN.E!t ~»!EN_-~ D. BIASCA, .. GOLANGC0, Atty .. MARLON J.
· MAE C. VISTA Cha1rpe_rSonfor., -~- GAµ\N9" Assistant Subject·. CliRIS'IlAN MARIE LYNN· P. MANUEL and·'.ATIY. PETER-
.Academics; BEN ~I E. ·_.. Chair, MISHAIµ. R. OCCIANO. ·ro.us, JOANNA PATRICIA ·R.., JO~Y:B_, (!SITA
BARBE~O Chairperspnf()r Hotel ·Suoject :, Electronic J?ata_ .. ~/\DWI), .STERHANIE. NICOLE.:
· Oporatio11s,JHELSEA.LOUIS_E:B. ·.Proce.ssing, NATHANAEL A. ~M. ILACAD, and _ANN· .MARY .
:· DIMA(\NO Vice.(;:hairJlerson"fpr · QUU,ANO Labor $tandards, BEA . MICHELLE B, RUALO· ..
. . · ....
. Secretariat EARL JUSTIN ·M. PATRICIA G, DA.NGAZO Labor
.. Y.6o.MBAO' Vice 'cliafrperson for Relations, ., and ]UZMEND· ··: ...
Operations, MA. ANGEl,ICA B.. F.RANCEZ · ·THERESE M,
DE LEON. Vice Chairperson for · ABRlAMJurisdiction and·Spccial
Fina;,ce,. , ARRA OlAf.'.\YA- J. Laws . .
BAPANGAN Vice Chpirperson.
fo~:~iidit,"]ORDAN·N. CHAVEZ
Vice Chairperi-Onfor EDP, HANZ.
DARRYL' D.TIU . Vice
Chairperso~ for Logistics, cinJ. · .
DOHN ~D E.. AQUILIZAN
Vice Chairperson.for Membership_
-~
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The constitutional policy to provide·full protection to Note: The mere facl that an entity is· a labor union
labor is not meant to be a sword to oppress 'docs not mean that. it cannot be considered ·an
employers (DOEHLE-PhilmanManning Agency Inc. employer of the persons who work for it (Bautista v
v. Haro, GR No. 206522, April 18, 2016). lncionq, G.R. No. :_-5282~'., March 16, 1988).

Article- 218 of the labor Code provides .for the
primacy _of negotiation· includi_ng conciliatton,
mediation and voluntary arbitration <'IS· "alternative .
modes of settlement of_labor dispute." instead-of the
more adversarial strikes; lockouts or · any mass
-ccncertedactlons (L,4BOR CODE, Art. 218). · ·Farms Growers Asso-::iation· v. NLRC, G.R. No.
Arbit~atiori 'is the subrrilsslon of dispute. to an a·
lmpartiat person for determlnation on the .basts ·of -···
evidence and arqurnentsof the parties. The arbiter's
decision or award ts . enforceable upon the
disputants. This may be. elther . 'be voluntary or ·
compulsory. (2 AZUCENA. supra at 24).
-------- .......---.
..
)YEE-EMPLOYER
n..ATIONSHIP
------------.,- r: ,-.,.-- ...
ARTICLE 219: DEFINITIONS .., .• i;,
Employer: is any person, natural..for juridical,.;\
domestic or foreign, who carries on in tfr~·P..f.\ilippinei' ·
any trade, business. industry, und~f!§!kiiig'-,~f.ia'ctivity
of any kind and uses the servig.e:3-:qf a.noth,er·f>erson~. ,:::-',
who is under his order as re1af:q,~ !~:J.!:fl_RIOYip_ent
except the Government antt;~ant ·of ,its· ;poht1t!'l! t~;·J, 1. fvf~nagerarf'-:::--:-··.':;;•
-~ubdivisions,·. br~!)Ch':lS or~.. ,,..i~~~'f~);ltal_itle~;I
1ncludlng c.o·porat,ons owned or 'q_obttollei;!~·bY tl),e
Government: Providec;I,. That .a ·S.~elf-er:nploved_ i/\-~~,·
person' shall be bc,th employee and emplQfer'at the ... }·• -~·· ,~'ana·gerial .Employe~ is· one who is vested with
s£ime time (R.A. No. '8282, Sec B(c)). ~j/. ·,,,:-r::1°,·;;,._;,:1,!.,._powers<or~pr.erogativesto· lay down ·and execute
. i'..\) . {fit:!! ·
Employerir.cludes: . . . .· ?",~,;-/~. ·
1 •. One whc;Y employs the services of others; one for ·
whom ep:iployees · work and who pays .their
wage·s ur s~laries (/RR of the LABOR CODE,
Book V, Rule I, Sec> 1 (s), as amended by D:O.
No. 40-03); or
2. Any person ~ctlng in the interest of an employer,
directly or indjrectly. The tern:, shall not include
any labor organization or any of its officer.s or
agents except . wh.en acting as employer
(LA~OR CODE, Art. 21~ (e)) ..
Employee is ·any ·p~rson who perf9rms $eryices for
an employer in which either or both meotal. and
physical efforts are ·u.sed . ,:ind. ·who _receives
compensation for' such__ services, .where there is ~n
employer-employee relationship · (R.A. No. 828~. ,
.Sec. 8 (d)).
The· Jaw does not require an employer to· be
registered befor.e he may come· within the purview of
the Labor Code, consistentwith the established rule
in statutoryconstructlon that when the law does not
· .distinguish, ... we should not distlngu!sh · (Orlando
12907f3, November25, 1998). .,
E~ployee iriclod·~s: (DiC E) ·' :- · ·
.1. One who: has been Dismissed from work, but-the
Jegality of the ..dismissal is being contested ln a
torum of .approprlate Jurisdiction (IRR ·of the
LABOR CODE, Book V, Rule. -l, Sec.. 1(r), as.
amended by D. 0. No. 40-03}.
.•.. ,71 2. Any individual whose work ·has Ceased as· a
, .. result of or in connection wi:h anycurrent labor
;,'.:_::f'::;,,:'f_-.:,:.',:~, dispute or because of any uniair labor practice if
· " .he has not obtained any other substantially
·i· . ~ ~.~~ "'!=Jquiva1~m and regular employment (LABOR
·.;i/~4' lt:r~[?f{.i~f.l.~-19 (f)); and . .
, '3, Any persgr rn the !;mploy ct-an employer. The·
term sh~Wr,iot be limited to the employees of a
particuJa{~mployerunless the Codeso explicitly
states,;!(Lf,B'f{R CODE, Art. 219 (f)). . . ·
1,
f! Ii l · ·. .
': ~,1,.,.1. Types:df cmploy_e'~sunder the labor Code
· ..
r:=} 2. Sup~wi~_eey.;.:arlti . . . . ·· ..
fl 3. Ranl<-and-file_(LA.BOR CODE, Art. 2·19 (ro)); ..
.· ,. . . , .. : .. '.
manag!,lm·ent .policia~ and/or to· hir~•.· -transfer,
suspend, ,·layoff, . _recall, discharg<:i, as&.ign or
di.scipline-ernplpyees (LAEOR COD~, Art. 219 '(m)). ·
.•.
Supervisory Employees are those who, in . the
'iritere.st of the employer, effectively r~commenc!
such managerial actions· if the exercise of suet,
authority is n.ot rnerely routinary or cleric;al in· nature ·
but re.q.uirns the use. of independent judgment
(LABOR CODE; Art.. 21<r(m)).
All employees not. falling within ·an·y of the _-above
defi11itlnns are rank-and-file emplo_yees (LABOB
CODE, Art. ~-19fm)):
Elements of l;mp.loyer-EmployEieRelatloriship or
Fo.ur-~old Test: (SePa-DisCo) .
1. ·Selection.and eng.agemenf 9f tlie employee; · ,
· 2. f:ID,meht of wages; · ··
3 .. .Power of Dismissal; and .
. 4. ·power to yontrol (Atok Big._Wedge .Cqmpany,.
·Inc. v. Gison,.G.R.-No. 1695-10,Augu$t812011).

2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I 85

 LAB.OR.RELATION_s··
-SAN BED~LAW CENTRALIZED BAR·QPERATl(!NS - MEMORY,AID·2_oi~
~!l!)1~\Th~..m&IIIZP4ih1fli!'fbl 4#40 IA A iji P IINiilblPM i&M1'Hl81 Ctt·NH+MMH»=H
. .
. Control Te~t . .· E;vldence·of EmpJoyment · : ·. ·
Refers tothe employer's power or right to controlthe No particular form· of.evide1nce is required to prove
employee not only as. to the result of the work -.to be- ,. the existence of·Er·Ee relationship. Any competent
· .done but also as, to the means _· and. methods -bY·.. -and relevant evidence to prove the relationship may
which the .same Is- to be accomplished (Sohza. v .: be __admitted (1 AZµCENA; supra at 1.95). . ' . .
ABS-CBN· Brocrdcasting Corp., G.R: No. 1.38051, A claimant's altegation ·ot Er-Ee .relationshlp.whlch- ·
Jun~.10, 2Q04). ·.. . · _. ·_. ···· ... · · the· employer does not neny is admitted '(td.).
:. . ~ .. . . . . . . ..
The control t~st merely calls for the existence ctthe Absence'.ofName.fr1 the Payroll
right to controtmernanner ot doing the work, not the... .
Where the. Er-Ee .relationship between -tha-parties
actual exercise of tlie ri_ght (Manila Water Company, . was sufficientlyproved bytestlmonlal-evldence, the
Inc. Ii,. Dal um pines, G. R. 'No: .: 11.5501., October: 1, absence of time -sheet, time· record, 01· payroll has·
2010). · · · ·· · · ' · become· inconsequential (.Opulencia lee' P/ant. v.
· ' ·- . NLRC;·G~R. No. L-9838BJ··oec8inb·er·1'5,-!1993)." .
·Not~.: Th!i issuance by.Jhe' principal of guidelines·· : . . · . . . · . . ·
does not' establish control 6y p_rinc.ipal: (coce-cote - : . · .Note: . The .. presence" or. ab~enc~- 'of ·.: Er-_Ee·
Bottlers-PHL; Inc.. v,' Climaco, G.R .. No. ·146881,". · relationship- is· not determined by· the basis of
February 5,.·Z007). · .._ . ·. . : employee's .cornpensatlori (,1 A-Zl/CENA,· supre. at ·
. . . . . . . ·.. . . ---=~·'. . . . : . . . . . . .. ,. . . ..
- Nof every form , of _-control wiil ha_ve- tlJe)~~cf.,o'f-,.· -I . '\-~~"'!..:.__~·- . . . : . . . ·... _· . · .· · : .
establishing the "Er-Ee .relationshlp, Th~h!?e :~~ul_d l.J fa.~r:1s9tct~1,.og: . · . . . ,.
be-drawn between. : ·. . . . /-f/<~ J:· ~· .~"----, ....,,...J.t...~,Gpnij;)IW~''lsbrought before the DOLE· to give
1, Rules· ·that merely serve. as g·~~!int!ij19~ . . effectm_~fie l~b9.r"\~tahdar<;ls provisions of the Labor ·
the· achievement of mutu~fr'y __~t_wtf (~s1:J\tS"'::--~'l;~--6.~d~r'~th~lab2!~l_~gislation,and there is _a ,findi!lg-
without dicfating the mear.is,:'or,~~1ho~f to ~ 4r. -~?' the"'£dL~.0.tH~.~lt")ere is ao ·e?Cisting employer-
employed. in attaining itf'(Th~~}f' aim~· ~nly- tQ · ~ iJ'tnploy~f f~!~tio~si\P, the . D9L~- exE!rci~es
.pron:iote ~he·. ~~s-ult. In /,suc_h. iase.- , 0 Er-!=e -a~,)ur~~n ..to -t,e(_:ffigu~ionof_the·NLRC. .
. . reJ~t1onsh1p exist~); _and,f ~,. . . .. f .__:.;,-.. lll!r _ . ; i -. ·. \1 '"'~ 1~. ·: ' • - • .
2, ~ules _th_at-:~ontrol or fif~ffi~e~pdo,logyc~~a_;r; ~l,~.1f~e ~9-L:.E·_ Jfnds ::¥iiat .t~e"r~-- !s. no,. en;i~loxer-.
. . · , bmd or restnct th~ pa_rlYJlh1.~1:;.d-ltJ.the l!S~ of_ s,liP,!l~IllZZ?{~plpy.~erelat1~1ish1_~· -~the Jun~d1ctiori .Js properly:
m~an·s ·(These addr~,ss~~H:14~1er~t·~nd tn:e::~~~ ~~~-·-~·e l~~~accorgsa-prer~atiy~J<? the ·
, means -used· to a.ch1ev~tflant;he{!-C&~':Er-.. -, . -#'~1,. .-~_(;v'j~vlf a 1/_alrQf'WrJer1- the _employ!=)r-erppJoye~ .
1
. · rel~t~9nship exists_)· (Ins t-aJfo·i. ;re -~~60· · J{i't~l~ti.£.Q@:iP:~;tterm"Y~Jited'or . such_ relationship has
. c__o., Ltd._v.~NL~C, GR.
. . .··. .
15, 1989). .
~o_-
. "'t"· ·'2 -~
84,_~4, N~_YY-~ . : ;µ~oJ,-~filsen

··. _. : . . .. ·.,... . . . : . S~z·i:;,:·

~~1/,J.?
.,,Tf.l:
a~_ll.
·..f .· . · .j
f· . · _·: .
. : . ·_..
(taa ~!Jlpl;~i.nt"is..t.fil!;ld '-with "th~ .DOLE, -·and it_ is'-'.
. .· ·

Two-tiered T~sj:· ·, . . · --''ii.,.. . ;r .·-~~ac·coJ.IJPanl~J>f'."aclaim for reinstatement, .. the .

1. The putative. empl~yer's pPwehto-<c!fg)fof;jfre:,:e;:.:.....~"".cJt'ffl§'c~/~lfo1.;)i~ ;ifoperly with.the labor ArbJter; un_der
·· employee·.: w1_th.. r~spect .to th~ ~~a~s.!_pnd .·fi, /l.·j~i-\"-22~j}yetthe labor Code. 1:·
•
· method:>. by -wh1_ch_ the· wor-k· -.1s~t~_,be,_iVJ!.. __ \_;;,._.~"" · · ·· · .. . . ·.,:, .,. · ·.·
accomplished; a.nd · · · ·. ·. ·, . · .•. --~-=-1fa conipli3int-is filed with.tti_e Nl:.RC, !:In.ct theri;! is still
.. ·. ·2 .. ; Tfi"e· underiyin~recohom!c.realities:J>fthe ~ct_ivity- an_ existi"nir empl9yer,empl.qyee.. relationship. -the.
· or. relatioi:-tship: (Francisco v. -NL.RC,.. G,ft ,Yo:. · ··· . juri.sdicti.qn; iS ptope_rJy.with the DOLE;:.-T~~ .findinQs
. 170087,.Aiigus(31, 200.6).' · ·.. ··:- ._:- .· · . .- o( :the· DOLE,' how.ever, ·may·still b~ -quest.ione.d
· · - · · · · · · .- · · ·· . ,. - ·· - a:
thro1.1.9h petit!o"n tor- t~rtiorari\in~er,Rt!l_e· 6!H,f.th~
· ..- ·e~~nonli~ D~p.erid0nCe Or.~con-~n1i~·~e~1ityTes.i.... ·· .Rules · .. of .. ·~ourt (Bombo Ra(Jyo. Phils., ·v, ,nc..·
Refer:s·1o·wh_e.tne'r"the worker. is ·d_ep~n.den.t on the . _- Secretafy.of_the ODLE;· GR: No, ._:/"796521 J•vfr:,tdh 6,-. ·
. alleged employer (or "his continued· ·.emplqymer.,tin · ._. 201.2) .. , _,. '. · , . . . · ..- · · ··: . : · :_ .• · . . · ·.
that .l.ine of tiusinesso-(franc;~cov. NLRC, G.R. _No.
170Q87;;August 31, 2006). · . ·< . . . : :. ·. : .
. . ¢a:ses ·-Whe·re. !=rriploy~r-Ernptoye.e R~latlo·nship
Exists·-- · · . . · . . ' . ' :
Ex.lstehqe_of Ernployer-_Empl~¥ee..Reiatlons.hip .. . 1. j_e~p'~ey'_~rivers.on ~~und,ar{ba~is (Vfiiam,arl~
Existence- of ·employer-employee·· relationship :is. . . II'. CA; "G,R. No·. 165881, Apr_il 19, 2006); . ·
·determined ~y law, not by." contract.Hence,. eve·n if· ~- .Drivers or helpers."o(~alesmen are employees·of
th·e.parties. call their .contract a '!~on\ra'ct of J..:ease of. · ... · the:cor:npar;i_y(Alhambra ln_di!stfi~s·v. _'cl~, -G-.R.
. · ·Service'',"· the factua·1 · existence ·:Qf.· ·an. Er-Ee .· . No. L-25984,. Octobe.r-30, 1970); . . . . •. ·· ..
· relE1lionship ~ill still p"revail (1 AZVCEf.-!A, supra at 3. · . Employees of unregistered asso"e_iation (Orlatjdo. ·
198; Pagt.iio· v. :NLRC, .G.R. No. 147816, May 9, Farin, Growers-'v.. NLRC, G.R. No. ·129076,.
· :2003)." : ·, . . Nove_mber 25, 1998); . . · . .

86. I 2019 SAN. $EDA LA\11/.Q:N!RALIZED. BA8 OP.ERATIONS

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LABOR·RELATION-S-
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OPERATI.ONS-:MEMOllY AID 2019
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w:
1 . 4. street-tnred · kargadot· {Ceurdeneteen · Piece r ·51. · A residency or resident physician position In. a
f. Workers Union v. i..agiJ~sma, GR." No. 113542,- medical specialty. ls never a permanent one
. Febiuary24, -,1998); _ (Felix v. Buensada, G.R.. No, 109704; January.
Si W_orke.rs. in movie. projects (Maraguinot end . 17, "1995).
. Enero v. NlRC; ~.R .'No. 120969; January 22, , . .
f!t·· ·: · ·.. 1998);·. · ·.. · . . · NQte: A contractof perpetual employment deprives
'~ · 6 ... · Salaried lnsl.)rance·a.gents'.a~·distin'ti"u_ished from manaqernent ·of Its prerogativeto decide· whom 'to
' · registered agents ·on,. cornrnlsslon bests (Great hire;" fire and promote, and renders lnutile' the. basic
PacificLife.Assurance Corp. v. Judtco.: .GR. No. . precepts of labor relatlons. .. An·· absolute and .:
. /J~87,:b.e8_emb.er2"1, ·19~9); . .· · · , unqualified employment tor life .equat to· per.petual
7. Tailors, · ..seamstresses.. servers, .. basters, ·employment is 'contrary .to publlc.pollcy' and gocid
plantsadoras paid .. on· plece-rate basis. (Makati. · customs, as "i_t unjustly. fQrbids. the employer from
Heberdeshery'v. wti?c; ·G.R; ·Nos: 83380-83, . terminatlnqthe servlcesof an ernployse.desplte the
November ·15, 1989); · . . . . . · . . · · ·. ' . . · existence of a just or valld cause. It likewise. compels ..
in-house ·. lawyer 'as .. distinguished fro.m· al') . _. .the employer to "retain sin -employee ·despite the
outsic;!e.·retainer:{Hyq,:o Resources·Contractors attainment of. the statutoryretlrementaqe; even· if the- ...
Gorp. \I. P~galilaJ1an~ ·,G.R,; Ns>;-62·909';'Aj:,ril18, · ·· employee has. become a~
n9n.:p~·rfoi"min·g·asset" or,: 0 · ;
1989)· . · · · ._. wars~,· a lia~lllty 'to the 'ernplcyer (Sorrea«v, ··
· 9 .. Resid~nt"physlciaris· (/RR of-'the °LABOR CODE." ·cambridge· .Electronics_ Corp., G.R. No. · 172927,
· -. Bpok Ill, Rule:-X. 9ec. 15);. . ·. ,. . . ,r?) February 11, 2010). . ... ·
1·0:. U.r~ivers1t~: p_rcjf~:3s.ors · and lns_tn;icto~ (lj<j/J'Jf · . · . .· . . . : , _ ... . :
Ea'stem (!Jn,vf]rs1ty v. CIR, G.R. N<J.·. L-17620,ct/-'·-:-·•, Importance _ of. Determining . Ex,stenc~ of
At.ig_qs($1._f962); .· · ... :,.·: : ... ·· . ··. t}4~::·it:~
E~ployer-EmploY_ee ~elatio.riship.. .. <. .
11, T~xr .an~e~;. -~nd_ .b1:ir.bE1r (C1fizens League.; 9~', ~- ;;;t,-~1r.r;i~rally, l!;!Q,or standards and cor'ldit1_01:1s appl}:' onl_y
~': .
t.
Fte.e ~~rkers · v. A!_Jba::;, G.R. ':"O:. l::-;l/fZ1?.t(J·r·r:·
Septemqer-23, 1966);· · · · : ·. ,«,/ ·. · .. :
;_~J...'1.~~~!.i~f .~~-!!;:~.·
relati?riship .. Howeve_r. i_n.. some
ll")Stancesfev.e.n 1f th~re 1s no Er-Ee ~elat19nsh1p, the
tt . . 12: _.Securio/ .gua~~$
~th· r_espe_ct. t9~j.ti_e. se<;:~rityii ...:.i_ Lab.or : Codtfff~_ay .. still ·be oinyoked; :e.g. _indirect
[•: · _agf3n.cy1(~gro·Commerc1alServ1cf)'s,~JJ.fi~cy, l'?.g::,,..,-:-t. -employ~.r'.s}1"!~!l!!Y· 111.egal F~_cn,utmel)t and m1~use.~f
f. ·;
V, f'ILRC1 G_:~.·No. 82_823~24,J,,,0.$J31/:t~f#l];. . . ~.I ~OEA hc~f!S~ (.1lZU.CENA, supraat 33). ' ·
t,:;,·: 13 .. Paki.E!<? worl<eri, (larriudio),i.j.N(R.C.~~6:R-? No'.. JA, .: i -jr . -· . i ·. .··. · . .
t > 76~23;M_~r.ch25, 1990); ~~~ .·. -'.Q~: .. -~ . ~- :,1~ · ARTIC,~E ,f;220~_31: NATIONAL ~AB.OR
t ·. · :v...
f-" ·
f
14 .. Truc::k dnvets "(Sy_
· · Febr:uary2:7, ·200.3).· ·.
. . ' ... ~. .
r--.~:£ · _~':/
CA;_i-l'GJ~r-~:t-:1422-f}..?f.;". ~,;/ RELAti?,~:~9,.~~SSION·-·

< . :' ·. ·: '°¥.<''~~-

'! . :
)! :-1:'i_
t~;-J
.. · · .. ~.
--.!.!..::t~ ·
(Reter_~o ~he dis~us.s1onOfJ_Na_tlona/Labo;_Reiations.
.. ·
t' · Ca,ses:: :when~: ·there 1s. no· ErJlplo;y[r·'ff1Wloye~ . ri"'"".pqg;,m1ss1on. : under Jl)RISDICTION · · ·AND
f . ~elationshlp:. ; · · • · · ., . : : · ;~K.-;;::J ·· .. · :A ,,,·:i:"AEMElD}!;.§) :
K :1.. 'Farrr_:i. wo"rke~s: are not emploY_ees~i9f t~(3: ~1:i9;,fP..;.;i..1l.!L,i:H~~-:d.~.;jt' ... .. .. "i
l': .·:~ntral (f'ondoc. v, NLRC, G:~, t{fi.
_119(3/4-7, ·. ARTICI,.!= 232-239: BUREA!J . OF- · l,.ABOR
f.~' · 9cto~~r: 3, :1996); . ., , :{t~~'.) . . . . .
. 2. ,caddres .. are ·nof e_mployees· Qf the g.9lf- .Cll!b
· RELA'!!ON$· (!;3.~R) · . . ·,.
· ·· ··
\ .

f,. . -(Manila' Go/(·&·Obuntry·CJub·v. !AC, ·(3.R.- No. . (Refer to ·the·. discuss/on on Bu~~atr o'f .labor
~ ., 64948 Septemper.27, 1994); .. : . . · · . FJ-ela(iofls-underJURISDLCTIQN_AND Rl(=M_EblE$)
r 3.· .. W.of!<ing; scholars are nol employ~es "of the . . .. · :· . ·. :·. ·. : · .. ; · .. ·· .
f. · . · ·schools ,(Fiiadlefr<:;n.r.i.sti~n../n.stiiute··v.. G:R·... !At:
.: N.d. 7!5.f12,'Al,gust '17,·f992)J- · · .
- 4.· Collecting agents bn .commission ba.sis:(Singer
r·
. Sewing_f.(1achine·coinpany··v. Drj/on,· G."~. No: ·
91307; Jphua,:y24, 199.1); _ . . .· .. :.:... . '.. . .·. .
,·.. s: Shoe$hlne boys (iie.sa· v. ·. T-rajano; G.R. No.. L-: "TITLE. FOUR:
. . LAE\OR
. ORGANtZAT"IONS
. . ~. . ·

..
r. · ·724(19, Decerr,ber 29., 19{36); .. . .· ·
6: . lndi:?pendent·. · cohtra"ctors· ,selling ·.s.oft cfrl,:iks
. '•

·.CHAPTER 1;-R.~<?IS.TRATION
...
AND
:·

'I . , "(Mafinco ·Trading·Corp. v. Op/fl,. G.R .. Na.. L.- . CAN~ELLATION . · ..

~.. . 3779(). March25; 197.6); and· , ·::· -- . ·.
r. 7 .· .-Comm[ssiqn salesman (Abarite, Jr. ,v.: Larradrid , Labor Organization is any .union· or association· of
· Bearing & ·Parts Corporation, G.R..No.-159890, employees· which exl~ts .11'.l whole or in par:t .tor t.he
'.-:.- . .May 2?, ?004); ' . . .. · ' :- · P.Urpos·e · of· collective' bargaining-. With employe_rs ·
~:'. · ·... 8. · Referee·s· · ·. are . independent . contractors. concerning terms ~nd conditions of employment
/ ·r.aernart~·'f· PBA; G.R. No. {920~,r;s~;i!emb_er (LABOR CODE,Art. 219 (g)). .
li · . 14; 2011}; a.nd ·

. .. · 20l~ SAN a.EDA 1,.AW.CENTRAllZED-BAR_OPERATI.ONS J 87 ·

f~:- . .
 ,,;,a. •.•

. . ·. . SAN BEDA,
LABOR:
LAW
RELATIO,NS.
CENTRALIZED BAR.OPERATiQ.NS
·.,. ME¥0R'( A(D-2019
mb,a
~1:MWIMAAWH&IS s•s 4¥E+SM&ie4st+WIM§ ; i& WIP9tl
Unlon is any labor organization in the private ·sector
orgahized for collective· bargaining and for olher
le~itimate purposes (Jf?R of ·.the· LABOR ·cbbE, .
-Book V, Rule· 1, Sec 1 (zz), as amended by D. O.' No. · It. exists in· whole or.. i_r:i It . IS . ·organ,izeci.. for the
40-03).· ·. . . .· · .. ·. .: '· ·
part forthe purpose of mutual aid and protection
. L~gitimate Labor O.tganization (LLO) isany labor- collective bargainin!;J or .of its members pr for any
· organization which is ouly regis~ered with. DOLE. . . of · dealjng_ . with legitituate purpose other
. The t~rrri _incl.ude~ a local/chapter directly chartered . empl_oyers'. concerning· than :coll~ctive bargaining
. by a legitimate. federation or national union: which· . terms and condltlons of {/RR 'ot. the · LABOR
has been dui~ reported to the Department . in ·· employment (LABOR, GODE,: Bo.0k: V, Rule 1,.
. accordance with-Section 2, Rule vr
Book .v of the CODE, Art. 219.(g)). · . Sec .. 1,_ par.. -ccc, as
1mplementin~rRules (LABOR·.CODE, Ari. 2fa(h)). · ... ·. . .J: ·:·. ·amehde.d.b_y.ffO: 40-03) .

. N.oi~:·.Not.eve~ leg itima~~ labo~ orga~iiat~~ c~~ .ac~ .. : Cla~sifi~atl~n. of Lab~r .Org~nlzatl~ns:. (NIT AC) .
,as .bargafning representative and be ·certified as .1, · .~ationa1.· Unjoli/Federation . ·_. any· labor
such. This: lstrue.only' of a un10·11 that has won ii') · · ~ .·. organization with .at. )east. 1q locals/chapters
'certitlcation election· or· has ·. been voluntarily each o( ·.which rnust be 'a 'duly certified or
recognized by° the:'eniployer (2 AZUCENA, supra aL.,-=:~ receqnized collective, barg<:3ining_ agent. .
· 179). . . · · .. : . . · .. · ,· · . · · · · ;,.,~- l .. Uni~rr. -:-_ gr6!JP .of. !~gJlima~e labor
r · ~ · U J\}·
· . ·. ·. · · 1 -~~til.~s~ry.ol;la·.Q'~~t1ons wlthin an· identified · rndustry,
11
l,i:i~7p~ndent ·l,Jnion· is aAy· lab9f ~orgap)z.a].p.!l~~~ .~gawiz1~~!. r coll~ctiV~ bargaining or for dealing
opet~tm~ ~t- th~ _ent~rprise l~~·.r,.wftp~~;::;>legal·. . ~~~1:1'.lp~~ e~s c?n?en;ii~g t~r:ms a.nd conditions··
· pers,o.n~hty 1~ derr~ed through a~rncie~~jljerit~.cti0r.F~""~~e:t1H'~~01 ~t:~1th1n ar:r 1d~nt.1fied_ mqustry or for
·tor reg1s!rat1on _with- tne BL~/>g;g,Qse, prpscribE:JS, . ·-". W- ·.p~~c1~nW.f.ft.l ~~e ·_form~lat1on. of social and.
u~der Art. 240 of the ~abor c_gae. lt.:r;n,~y be\9ffiliate'.a' : g~ ~rnpJoYl:1~!1fpohoW~·st~nd~rds; and .programs
w1t~-~-feder.atlon, national orJ11~ustryfunfonx-inwhich !' rn ~ue,h 1na~~tf11:~~1ster.ed_with. DOLE.: ·
case rt lllay also be refer.rf,d tp-;'<fs an affilfifte:'~(?- . ""':3\-"!r~~-. ~r:i.•~fr''~''\fe~ .:.. gro~p of. registered
. ~zu9ENA1 supra at 183): ,i ,ff:!'..¥1 i~ . ·\ . ~-~-~ c1P~atr~1hal ~mi ri~o~J~d~r~t\o~s organ.ized.for .the . ·
: .·· · : .. . . . .:- .· ·. '! . ·. ef.'' 1
Bargammg. _R~~resEmJafi~~~rnf!a'!lns
t . . ~.
(a'~gJtim~te~
\:?~\, ~~ mutyal atd~-tg.pi;.Qt_ecll?n of its mer.nbe~-s and for
·ass,1~t~~l>~~h i;r:ie~~~rs IA colle<;:tlve f5argalning
l~boF organization .whether-. ~r.i"n,e~~[TIP,~"\J~y.tJfe;1,r. , ·• ,,·..,.,--urf~·.C9:1lrti9J1,l~t!J'.:l9{irrr the ·for!llulation of .&oqial.
employer (LABOR QODE;Ait-:'·..2)191(J)!- - :()~{·:· ~. ~~~'
. . · .. · . · · · \ : · ·~
· Ex~~usi~e . ·aargaining._' Re·~res.ent1ajive··
:c~~ 1".·~
'1:;~~A~
r\:W~i~
;~9.. 'ym~Jdymerrlt policies,~ s!alidards, · and
tgrams,,uuly re9;1stereq·with tl)e DOLE.-
1rancFf...,,_ag_gre~~tiqnOf ynions exis~ng ir:i- one·
.
I.i
. le§llt1mate la~_or uni~n dl,lly ~e':o.g~!zed_or.~~rtit(e~Sa~ ~l~e .9f~fn-~u~tr~jr-rn. a ·cong~?merate_; a group of
.. t~e ~ol~ and exclus1v~ bargamm9\~pres~.~"'~"'~t~~~~ch~~ ..~s._:;.·a · ge~raph1cal area, or . an
ag~~t of all.the·emplovees in a,_ba~Q~ipi~~t-q~R'*=c.=..,,.,.:i:1t;i~4$t9f;l~jfl'n.ter .. · .. : . . .·. , . . ..
of f.!le-LABOR CODf!, Bor;,k V. Rule :1':'~eciftt..(tJ{as ;"~ If,- l.!~Qpw~nyu,:i.lon-'-- a _.labor 9rga_niz.at.ion whi?ti,
... am(tnded by_D.O, ~o. 40,._D3): '.~~- , · ~-/1£."'·~~~?le,_o~1~. part, ts -e!T'i51oyer~controlled or
·;, ·... . ._ .. : . . · . · . ~~.=:--....., _emplqy~_r.-dom(r-ra_te·d (;. AZ_UCENA .. supra .at
w_orker'~·.Assoclafion·is.an ass.oci.ationof workers· : 1.8?~184).: . ·. . ·. ·. . · ..· · ...
organize~( for .the. J11'ufua'r ;;tid· anif pr:otection-·of its.. . . . .. ·.. :;' ·.. --: . . .. : . . ..
_me.rnber,. or (9r any.,l!;!gitimi3te purpose ottt~ ·than : Note: .c~,ea.t10~_.of.a l?cal ch.apter does ·not. :nee9
collective barg9.ini!1g (IRJ:?. of.... the .~BOR CODE,. . . · : -s~b~_cpption of at·. Jei3~t .- 20_% .. of t~e ,ti.emb~rs..
.. Book V, Rule 1, .Sec·1(ccc), a.s a17Jendedliji D.o. No.. · . l\,1\~1mun:, num_ber of 'J')!:lmbers 1s applrc~bJe sm[y to
.. 40;03):· · · · · ·· . . ,. Teg,stration qt ,~dep,,m.d~!)~-unioq_{POQ.UIZ,supra at .
. · .. . 139:,1:40}. ·.. ,. · .. · .•. •.· ..
. Legfti;,,a~~ Wo~k~r·~.Association:.s a~ asso~i~t;~~- · · ·. · . :_:fhe )..:abor Code' ar1{1ts implerri'f:riiiri~··r~les do ·n.ot.
of Workers orga,njze·d for.. mu.tu.a(ale;! ~nd protectjon· . require t.~a~ the nl,JJ.11ber· ~f ryiember.~ appearing.on·
ofits.me_mb~ts .Or'for anyJegitimate purpose__Q.ther . the. documents ·in qu~stion" should ct>mpleteiy
· than .collective bargairiing regist~r.edw.ith the· DOLE · . · dovetaiL . F9r· as· long : as . ihe. documents and
(!RR of tbe LABOR COD{=, B9qk v,
Rt.ile ..1~ Sec 1 {ff} •. ·' . . . signatures are st,,own to be g~nuine and regular and
.as amended-by.D.Q. Nd. 40•0.~l: . ,: ... the constitution and. b)l~laws. d.emoc(atlcal]y ratified,
t_he.. uni?n is. 'deem~o-, l?
ha~e ·. comP.JiesJ .. With.
.. ~ .· rer;i!strat1on ... requir~ments ' (The Heritage: Hotel
.Mari/If! 11. Pinag:i;an9 ·Gating. a( Lakas mga nti
Manggaga.wa··sa·Heritage Manf!a,.'G.R, No. · 177024
. Oc.fob~r 30, ?009); . . .. . '

. aa .. 1. 201s SAN BEDALAW cENTRAUZEo·sAR.oPERAT10N.s

,_..
 LABOR RE:LATIONS
. SAN.BeDA LAW CEiyTRAWZEDBAR OPERA'TiON!i - MEMORYAID 2ci(9
.. tczzr:m; Fi9AHH:Wii;,MM W MM-i¥& NIWl&P# Hfir fkhi Mtitil&i
. ''" .
.Note: Article..240 of the. Labor Co~femakes specjflc
.
2. Bl:.R ·or the Regional .Offices - applications for
,. reference to the following organizations (not merely registration of. federations, national unions or
' to any organization) \vhich may reqister as labor workers' assoclattons operating in more than
' organ)zation, to ~it.; (NalFIT) '. · one. It shall 'be processed by ihe · BLR (2
r 1.. National Union: AZUCENA\·supraat 187).:
'· 2. !ndepeEJdent Union;
:,
3. federation;· ·· · Note: A labor organization may be orpanlzed under
4. !ndustry U.nion:-and . . the . Corporation Code as a . non-stock corporation
5. Irade Union Center (LABOR CODE, Art. 240). . and. issued a certlficate of incorporatlon.by the SEG.
But such -incorporatlon 'has only .the effect of giving
ARtlCLE· . 240:-'· REQUIR!=MENTS 'FOR to . it juridical personality before regular courts" of
\ .
· REGISTRATION justice: Such incorporation does not grant the right
.,· c~_ncept.pf Reg tstratlonc . . . . .. .. ... and privileges of a legitimate labor organization (PH
• It is the fact .pf being (egistered witl:l the DOLE that Land-Sea-AirLabor Union·Inc. v. CJR,G.R. Nos. L~·
. makes ..a· labor organization. legitimat~:fri ·the s.ense 5664 & L-5698, September 17, 1953). . .
. that it i~· clothed with.···legal personality'. to.. claim . .
rep.resentatiooi:i(and. bargai~ing rights enumerated . Mandamus;nof Certiorari, is the proper remedy .
in Art. 250 or.to strike or picket under Art: 27'.8 (~ The proper remedy-aqalnst refusal to register a i°abor
AZI./CENA,·supra· a! ·185).. · · · · orqanlzatlon which complies with all the
. •· ·. • • ...-:r?. -requlrernents is mandamus · and · not certiorari:
The requirement of .registration. is not a curtailmen,(1,:•} Certiorari . Is . not'- the proper remedy since the. ·
of th_e right.to assoclation .. it i$- merely a corid!fi(?ri(/, :J~} approval 'of applicatlon .for reqistration is not a
-sine _q_ua ·non for the acquisition of legaLpe~on~jlf¥:,,~ ho~ judicial function (U.E:· Automotive Emptoyees end ·
(PH Assoc. otLebor Unions v.. Seccof Lebo« -G ~r,·,,···,i!_. ..'ri(Qrkers Uf}ion.trade Unions.of the PHL and A/lif!d
No: ·L-222213,: February 27, 1969). . . . ,,:;/t·.,L~,·,y:~1~!_;..$~1:liq.ef:,-41..~N_fJriel; G.R. No. L-443Q0, November 25,
.
·. ·. . • ...... . ·. . . , . • .
. ..•• ·.. .;»: I" · .I,_:/ I){.
,. /"':.,/"· It
1976.tl--.,._.u,'.:,.t
'J• f·
. The requirement of'registratlon i~ a·.valigi,e".x.ercis·eqf!l.~.:fj . · · .. /~\\
p9l_i.~e. power. siri~e .. t~e · acti~iti~s · i~F~9(~h ~b.gJ>:··1\ · Ministeri_aJt 'fluty of the BLR Compellable , by ·
.
j

orgc1r:nz<:1ti.9.ns_,asSQCli;li10!'1s,.or1Jn1o~s;.9t>,,,f?~:e1,s_are i'.:l Mand~"'.1~$._fa. \\ . : ·. . , .

I
!
. engaged aff~ct pub.lie. :mte_rest;,-:,Wl'\1ch '.s,p.0eld. I?~ !;J\ The mm1s.tenfil du~ mvolves·oAly the review of t_he I
protected (Pf! .tlS$Of, .o( L~~it::yniq17J~v_.. S.ec. or"\-. r~1·_, appl)~\iP!')~~jr~9l,.tr!.!i?n _a,nd not the issuance o~ a II
Labor; G.R. ·rqo. 'L-22228, FefJruary::2-7..;;-1])69).. i~~),. f-:~i< _Cert1flr.".'.'!fe'.;,."OF~~mstrat1on . "(Vassar · Jodustnes !·
· °'',;!! · ~I · ''I !-,, ;.......-r..,u, ·o•·,·1•;":'A.:,r
· .. · · . . · · · .· . ~ · ~):~, :~ .f~.' 1 · · I';'; Emp/oy_eeSJ!..~l'l'~v. Hon.:· Estrella, G.R, No. L-.
Requi~em.e_n~ for the.l:>suance·ot{lEjil:Ci~~ifl~t'. ,1~( 4q562, -March·3~, 1978) ·· . · ..:
. of_ Re_gis_tration·of L_abor Q~gan(zatj~-~s:'(F.~1-~4) . I'~-;--~ · . ·. . . _- . . . · .· . . .
1. Fifty P,eSOS (~5o.oq) reg1str.at~9n E~~;# . ; ..~~(''.;.~, ~1:{:'t-~:;}~~S?r-org~n1zat1on h'ad.filed_ the necessary
2. N,am~s of its_ officers•• their· aq#r~sse~;~e::.:...!.-~paper-s.:.cil'IS"documents for. reg1strat1on. it ·becomes
· principal address· of the. labor orga,;i1z.ati6h~the · mandatory tor ·the BLR to check if the requireme.nts·
rr1inutes -9fthe.'br~.~ni~a~onal·meetiA"!fs;~!l.dthe· 'und!3f Art. 240· h~ve been sedulously compliep with, .
Ii.st ·of t!le:workers wM· p~rtipipatl;l_d."'.1n such ·.. ·tf its. appJicatiorr. ·tor registration ·is vitiated .by
,meetings; ·. ·. ·. . . :• . : ·.. · ..... · .. . . falsification· and serious irregularities,. especially .
3. in ca~e- th~ applicarit ,s· an !nd_epen:~e~_t..,un1pn, _ . . ttiuse ·appearing on .the iace of the apJJlicaUo_n anct·.
·.' t_he naities· pf all its members _c;omprising_at-lea~t · . the. supporting documents,· a ·lab.or· organization
· 20'% 6( all the -emplqyees ·in the barga!riing· unit · stiou1c;1 ·;be :den_ied ·reco{inition ·as a. legitimate labor ·.
· where it seel5s to oper~te; ·. . - ...... · · ,. . organization · · (Progressive. · . Devel9pment
. 4. If fhe. appli.cant.:union. has b.een k1 _sx!stence for. . . Coiporation~Pizza· Hut v:: Laguesma, . G.R .. No.
. ime (.1) · br. Ill ore · yeiirs·; ·bopfr~$.. 6.f. ifs _''annual · . 115077_; April 18, 1997): · . .. . .
. frnandal r.~ports; an<;i · . ·· · .: . . · ·
~5.". Four (,1) cqpie~ 9.f ~e c9nstitution ·and:by-laws ARTICLE.~4.1:, CHARTERING,AND CREATION .. ·
·of the applicant union:.minutes. oflts'adppt!on·or ·oi= LOCAL.CHAPTER · . . . .
t. . · . ratification,.": and· •ttie list. of.· the mertibers··.who Gen·e·ral R"ule: It is thEffact of beJng register!;l9 with. :
,.. : ·particip_a,ed·in·. \t (LABOR .C_ _DDE,.Art., 240). . : , . the DOLE.that makes a· labor organization legitimate
r· in.the sense that it is.clothed with.legal·p·ersonalityto:
. Whe~e· t~'ti1~ a~pllcation-for"regiS.trat.io~-·, · · · .: .·. · claim the:· r'e.presentatio'nal· ang ~rgaining rights
:1.: ·Reglom,11 . office·. -·where tile··. appll~ant .enumerated under the labor Code (2' AZUCENA,
•· .. ·p,rln<;lp~lly · .operates ., .. for ·registration: of. supra at 187). · ·-···
independent- labor unions,· charter~d lo9c1ls, or
(.'· ·.worker.'s a~socia.tions. It shall.be. processed by
' ·tne· .Labor Relations Division at the Regiorial·.
Office.

2019 SA.N SEDA. . LAW·°CENTRALIZED

. BAR' OPERATIONS
.: . 189
 HIPP& !S f G #Aid · ~tPWiMWZ·Ni4 ZN

. LABO·R :RELATIONS
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZ.EDBAR OPE/lATIONS - MEMORYAID ::zo.19
. . ;-r.~'X!WiMiiiHrlt&#IWiii f WR&Baz.q,+u fltwi4PE't.t·4!Mh&ISP_d JJSEYPi • 132iHMd'! QiMS IMWiW, ~ . 'iiN· mi~
Exception:- ln~ependent Registration·v. C_hartering
Tentative legal .. Persqnality to File 'Petltlon for
Cer:tification-Election (PCE·) .
A duly registered. federation or national union may . ·
. directly -create a local Chapter by. -issuing a charter ·
certific.ale indicating)he establishment of the . focal
· · chapter. .The. chapter-shall acquire legal persorjality · Ob-tained by union A · · , (:July :re·gistered
· only. for purposes · of. filin_g a . petition for organizers · in · an federationlnational unioh:
certification election from the date it was-issued-a ·enterprise throt,igh ·1. , - ·issues a Charterto a
, charter . certiflcate (LABOR· CODE, Art: Z41; 2 · their own accord: ·union.in a"r:1 enterprise·; and .
. AZUCENA, supra at 191) .."- · . . . ;. - . 2. . . .Registers . · the .
. .. . ·y. .
charter with the regional" ·
A 'trade ·1,mion. center cannot create chapter. (San a office "cir t_he .BLR:· · ·
"Miguel Corp. Emplc:>J('?es· -Union-PH Trensporiend ·
. General Workers Oigcmization v. · San _Miguel
Packaging .. · Products· ·... · employees . . Union-
P.1:in:ibansanfj(biwi3. ng. Ma.nggagawang Pllipino,
<;3.R /iJo. 17115:3, September:12, 2007). ·
.. . . . , .. . . .,•..,.~=·'"'.:"'·::;-=:Wtt~· . . . ·legai With:",l_egal pe.rso~ality_" but.
Note. :r~e chapter sh~I! be .~ntttled to all ?~t1-~~;r1gflt~.ll l ~efs~auJY·
. · - loses it once it disaffiliates.
: _an~ pr_.,v,leges -~fa:1Tg,tr':1ate labor ;orgJ_ljllZabop.;.gr!Y·-\.,...J y · Ji: r,- '""... , . .
with~ ~~e legitirriat~'• labor
j
UP.O~. the s~bm1~s1on 0:, ~~e foU?w,9:9>:d~~~J}~t?'--=-=::t""':' ~.;;! -v1
fedE;Jration because ·~ _IS only ,. _ -~
additlon.to lts.charter cei;t1.ficate. ·(t'91) ~/:-?' · . '~~;. .. .-?-°'j,''\_ . legitimized by affiliation:
1. · Names of the chapter's officers;t@it- acfdre~se~.~
. ~and the principal <;>ffic.e of tt~hap:feri(~ . 1!;!)
2. £h~~ter's constltution~ant by-'fai11~;ani .. : 1_r· .. /,~. : !' . plicafj_on \\ .,,,
· ··""'·· ·
;r . ·~·"'·"
··· · · ·

p~_art~~ce.rtiti2at~..iss~ed:by
·

J"f\
.
3. · Provided, that wh~re. thp. ~~~~tf}r~ cq,..:'!~tu;10~ ., · . .r.egistr.ation rs:\\.frl~d {eder?t,~n or ni3tfonal urnon
i3nd: ~-19-WS ar~ ~h~ t,s~w.,e ji3.s. thal of tfre~. ,,.... ,w~h_an(!Will be~fted' if ~le_d. with ·.t~!3 Re9ioi1al
.. _f~d~r-~t1011 or..the _nation11 ttmonfi.'th1s ~a~i sh~1·~~ :°;:. ~y- the. ;·~~:~~~e or-~_~Rwithin 30 days 1~·<% ·.
.. !nd1cated a~c~rd1ngly_(~~8~fODE,d_rt. ~~1&:--Regiorf~J.... ·. 241~.'· ffi_ce. 11ter . tl}e, issuance. o~ the
. . .. - . : · ~ ~- _\\ · \~1\...~~--=-~
The add!tional requ1rements.,sp~,~t:i~cectf"-dtpri~er~ ft.:fIQririifQ~,J/
.wller.1ftlil~pli'ant's -~harter ce"rtifieate.
offi[i{""i~'I/ . . ··
.
.
oath by the·sec;:retary or- treas,_yfer 6f-t~e c aR't~~n<tJ~ · !f6c~t 1J,.;I :? 'i j~ . ·
attested t!Y. its presi9ent (LABOR- CQ'.D!3", A~JJJ,f~/?:E<l ,-="' · .' · /t : . · · · · • ··
. · · . · .:, . · \. ~. y~
~~(?;4? CEf!,fo, supratfat-183).
C~a~er~d Loc~I is_ cr~a!ecf oy:"cl~{~derat~~..~-~~~l~
to a tabor orgarn~at1on.m the pnvat~,secto~9ge.r?.J!rig~·I"l
-~-d~ .r.P' _ ·: - _f( · ·
~t!>f~"-"'. · /J . · W] ..
t
· : ~ · .
. · ·
.
. ..
at the enterpris~ 1~.V,~l.th.fitacq~ired ~Q_?!t(~9_0fl~fi[Sr-:7."" _.....,._.;!:.,.: Ai•t1~$P~.IJ.de.nt~rnon a!f1l_'at~d with a federation
throug~ regjstration.with the.Rl,:lgional C:>ffl~tef(Jft. ·or·""'\ /{ i1,~~9{~.fl~!g»a_l.urnon, or _. .;
the LABOR. COQE;; Bpek. V, Ru/~ .I, Sed.~t(.i1 as l(2t:d1,.,._;;t,jart,~l"e? Iv
!0cal . wh1ch ~wa~ .. 9~bseq~entl_y ·
.amended by o~o No; ·46--03). . . . : . . ~----__::....--JJ!ante? an mde:pendent reg1_s~rat1_?r.b_u_t·d1~ n~t
· , ·· • · · · . . · disaffiliate from ,ts mother feaerat1on or national- ·
- , ... --':union "(iRR'offhf1._LABQR CODE, Sook Vi RUie
·. Union~ ·at·.Enterp.rise_Le"ifEtl · . · · ·
-A"labor union at"·el)terprise-lever·may be created . I, Sec: 1(a);.asa."}ende.dbyD."O:f!o.·4_0-03).·.
either by: (le) . ,· : . ;:·_ . . ·. Not~ Relati~nshlp of lo~r ~r ehapter and that of the
· 1..: ·,ndependenhe\;Jistration;or . : ·... . . labor. )edE!rq_lion"or .natio"na!-"union_is that ·of atjency, .
. ·2; . ~hartering.. (2AZUCENA,. supra:-at 1.90). whet~ the loqal .is .t.he principal" tihd .the fade.rationthe :
\ . . · .. agent .(2AZUCE;NA;
.. . f;Upra
. .
a(202):
. '·
·. · . ' ·

: .., -Registration: .. Requirements. · of · fndep~ndef]t·.:

Labor'Union: .(UMM-FC)· · · · ..
1. _. "The riame- qf the. applicant _:labor· !!nlon; its
. . prindpa! address, the riarri.e of. its officers . and .
their respec.tive addresses1 approximate.number·
. of. <3mp!eyees ·in_ :me bargain_ing_ ,urit 'where it."
seeks .to operate, with-.a statement !1:Jat it is not
rep"orte"d a~ a diai:tered" local .of any federation :
. or natiopal union; . .

.
90. I 2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENT"RAl.lZED BAR OPERATIONS
. .. . . / . ~. .._
 LA.BOR RELA·TION.S-.
SAN BEDA LAW CE~TB/\l/ZED BAR !)PERATldNS - MEMORY AID ;0,9 .
i· Ji - l§tf ME &Wl44 &Ao &icF Pi&GMAkiMiltilil& il:l&PC&i11&$th& ttJe 1-Ma&UtAiiiu»arlu

,'. 2. The Minutes 'of the .orqanizational me13ting(s): of e~nk· ·1;mpioyees \1. Phl/nabank: Employees
.. andthe lisf of employees who participated lnthe 'Assoe., G..R. No. 174287, August 12, 2013). · · ·
said meeting(~); . . . . . . .. .
3: The name· of al( its Members comprising 'at least Exception: Even before the onset of the freedom
20% of the employees in the bargaining .1,friit; . period, disafflliatlon-may still be carried out _if ii ·is
4. The annual financial reports if the applicant 'has effected by ·.a .rnajp~ity. of the members .1n the
been -in existence-for 1 or
more years; unless it barg_aining unit (ANGLO-KMU v, Sertiehen (lg mga
has. not coflected any .amount ·tram· the · Manggagawang Nagkakaisa . sa Mahi/a Bay
members, in Which -case a statement to thls Spinh_ing Mills, G.R: f18562, July 5, 1996). ·
effect,stiall.be included; · ·• · · · · · ·
5 .. The .applicant's £onstitution and: by-laws; -Not~:· The.exc.eption.appiies only if the contract of
. . . minutes of Its adoption or (a.tififation, and. the· list . affillation·· does' not specify ·the period. for possible
· o_f the members who partlclpatedIn it The list of . ~isaffi~Jation (iAZ_IJCE/1/A,supr~..at 2D_7)_- ·. ·
·:ratifying· members shall be c:frspensed With· Fre-el;fom:i:,~rJod .refer& tothe last.60 ~·ai:ofthe 5th
. where 'the constitution and by-laws were ratltled d · t · ·
or adopted during. the organiz.ational meeting)n an. 1 as1t ,year. of a.CBf>. ( d.J.. .
such a case, the. factual 'circumstances orthe Ma~ne~ o,f.[?isaffiliatlo·n . .

.
ratification shall be recorded ··in: the rtlinul!:t~ of
the orqanlzational . rneetin,g(s)·_- (2 AZI./Cf=NA
supre at· 189).
. • . • •. ·• · _ 2
-~·<1 ·.
·fi/.'/\.
The.jnembers shall determlne' by secret ballot; after.
due· deliberation, any question of ..'TJajor . pellcy
affectlnqthe ·~ntire-membe_~ship_.of !he-:o~gan.izati<;>n,
unl~ss: the nat_ore. of the orgamz~tlon· or. for~e
Re~u1reme~ts of_A~hat_i~n: (RAR M AN) . /.. (/ ·' :,;;, rnajeure renders such secret ballot .lmpractical, m ~
,~
i .. . L fieport. of afflllation of indep1ndentl}I regist~~.~~ ,· · ·. J w_hich·case, the board,of dire.c~orsof the organization
· t~or ~ni.on_; . · . )j (,"_~ ...;·;L~~y.;.;r:nake:
. ..ittie decJsloff iri behalf of tlie· g_~n·eral
2. .- ac ll?Jmls .. · · .. . .• p'. ,:;,', !,.-·,,;.,.!:'nieriJfi°>'~rsnip~fJ.ABOR GODE, Art. 250(d)).· ·
a. Besolu~1on of tt:ie_l?b?r union's boa(d.,,~t~~ifect<:>,rs '---: r -~~jf. · · · .: -· . ·: . ·· ·
a~prov1~g·the aff1hat1on;. :
b. Minute~ ?f .. th~ ~e~~ral membe~s~1,mee~1~---:-
approv.1ng the affJlrat1on;. · .
[. ,:" ,

/,.·.}· :<~
rI .
: /~-!,. l,.ocal UnJor,J>isaffiliateS:to Join New federation
When ·the;Jl~c,t union withc;lr?Y.,S frnm the· old
. ·. ,.,'>.. fe_dera~orytot1oii\ a new federatio.n, it was merery
f· The ·tot<:11 :number of Me"'.9-~~Ccomµ,&1s1.0€1the · · -¥/\ · ~xercisil}~ its~pri"'ary right t?. labor org·~nization for .
labor union- and the nan:i~.s of ~m:bers wh~-· Ji ,1 the · eff,ctivej· enhancement. and · pr.o~ection of
t .. apJ:)roved:.the.affiliation;· .VPJ ~~".''2;~.; ~-.·:.. J!f~,-
°.t · . d. The certificate· of 8ffilrat19n IS~Y.,~d,,(by iitl\~~ · ·.-i,-, . CGLI\( v:'-T-1.Qfli.'i.JJ./!.b/tit
comffi'/Jili'Jn'ffi.tlf~]S}(-Jjopica/ rtut Employees' Uni_on-·
Focxl Market, fnc;, G.R. No. L-
feder.ati~n . _irr · favor of _th~:.,:mj.e~nden~y':)~
. registerea labor union;· and. .. \t -~ \~ j:f' -
4349~99,- January 20, .1-990). , ·
_:..:-c,, .. · :·
e. .-Written· !!otice to·the: .employer conp:e1.niclif the·.· .';J'.'dQ'~tt:i,e,.1absence. o~: enforce.able. provisiqns in the
. . '
. ·
. · : ... . . ·
· .

. ~ffiiiatinf} union .i~. the .·incumbe~t?oarg~jAi~~~..:~lf.ef(lequi~co~stit~tLon pr'ev.e~t[n.9 di:>affi!i~ti9~ O~.~

_-. agent (!RR of the LABOR CODE,f3_5ok\{.y~p1e - .. · ·f!)cal ur.uon,. a local· may se:ver-,~s -r(:llat1ons.h1p with its .
/II, ·Sec. 7; as am~naed by D.. 0. No~·;f0~03l · · parent (People's : J,;u:J_usfriaf and . Commercial.
· ·· ,- ·. . . . . · · .. :· ·, ,"-::~,·-"' · . Einpioye.esand· Worke,:s 0r9!1_f!ization.. vs, People's
· · N~tei· SUP,l;)rviso,r s umon an.d th~. rank and file union · •. fndu.$fria/· and Corpmercial Corporatib_n, G.R. N6.
operating within the ~a:me establishme(it· may join · 37687, March 15, 1982). ·
t,))e: same· federation or national l!nion . (LABOR .. . . . . . .. .
,. . .· CPDf=, Art. 255). . . · · . . . . A : local .·union o.~~s. its· cre~.tion. <!!1d 'c~ntinued
. ' ·existence· to the.will of its m.emoers and notto;the
Dis;:iffiliation· <-··:· · . : '. /. · . . · \. · · -tedei~tfph$. .to which. 'it..' b~lohgs · ..(TJ:op.(ca/ Hu(
'When affiliated, a 11:>cal ·union. may disaffiliate from . . Emp(oy~e's'. Union-.CG.W v, ·Jrppica/ 'f:/ut. Food
·, the. federation: It has been repeatedly held that: a. : ·. -Market,· inc.; G,R. No:.. L-43495-99,· ·January 20,
i. ;local .··u.nion, being,· a ·sepa~te ar:id vc;>IOnfMY· .· 1990)... · ·· · · · ·.
.association, Is free to serve. ·me _ interest Qf alt (ts .
·.~emb~'rs incl.uding:the lre~dom Jo ·aisaffilia~e-w,hEin.. .Tt:ie. ~·0113 ·essence·: 9f affiliati~n. ·i:r.to, increase, by
·.·'_
..·.... :circumstances warrant This rjght is- cpr,sistl;lnt·with collective ·action, the· QO"in_rrion· bargain!,:ig ·pq1J.1er of
. . the .. cbnstitulional guarant~e . of ' freedom. of local . union~ for. the effective . ent,anqemenf and .
association (VolkscheJLabor U.niofl.. .'BLR, ··G.R. vs. protec_:;tion of their interests· (PH. Sky/anders;·~nc.. v:
. iv_o.'i-45824, _Jµhe 19, 19_85}: .. · · NLRC, GJ{ N_o. 12-7374, . January 31,
. 2Q02).. · · .·•...
~ . ~ . . . .
Whe" to·Disaffill~te .. Li.mitation: (?(saffiliatlon.. should be _in accordat:lce..
Generai -Rule·: A labor union may' disaffiliate fr~m. . with the n,1le$. - and · procedures stat~d in" the
the.mother union .to.form .an'inde'perident llnion only· co.nslituUoli ·and. by-iaws ·of-· the· fe.deration (2.
dl.lring . the .~O-~ay : ..freedom peri'od !mmei;liately . ... AZU.CENA,'supra at 204).
·"-·
preceding . the expjratior, of the . QBA (National . . . Union :

2019 SAN.1;3EDALAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS'!-91

 ess Mil PM

LABOR RELATION'S·· · .
, 9.N SEDA LAWCENTRALIZF:D BAR.OPERATIONS -M£MqRY Al,02~19' .
- P ff ISBREH e,-&AiRIANI& Wl Miiitit±OSil
. i .
Note: Disaffiliation can. never be.done If the CBA or with i'aw {!RR .of thel LABOR CODE,. Book V, Rufe
the by-laws of the federation-prohibit it. A prohibltion' VIII,Sec. 5, as amencfed by_D.Q. No: 4<J.:03).
to disaffiliate. in the federation's constitution ·or by-
laws is· valid.· It is intended 'for its own protection · Effect. of · Cancellation of · Reglstrallon of
(Cirteli Employees., Labor J.Jnion-FFW v. Cirtek Federation, or N~tional Union' ·
El~ctronics, Inc., G.R. No .. 190515,·Ji.me 6,' 2011). . General·R~le:"The·cancellaJlon of-registration of a
. ,• .. ·., . federation. or national I.inion shall operate to. divest
Dlsafflllation.,M!,Jst be-by ~ajorlty Declalon . its locals/chapters of their status as legitimate Jaber
.- Article 250(d) applies to disaffiliation, thus.Jt has to , · ocganization .(!RR of' the LAB.OR CODE,· Book v,·
· be .decide.d by the entire membershlp th'ro.ugt:i secret Rule VII/, Sec; 6, as 'emenaea by_ D. 0. No. 40~03). ·.
. . ;b~lloting_ (2 AZUCENA;. ~~pia)i_f 20,7). . . . . l:x~epti9n: · The .locals/chapters jlre. covered by -a
Arr individual member 'or any. number of members .: duly' re.gist(;!red':' collective bargaining agr:eement·
· . may disaffillate from· the imio~ · during· the ."freedom._. · (JRRot the L~:~OR COPE,· Book y; ·Rule VIII; Sec.
period" .. But: dis.affiliating the -urilon itself ~Orf1 the 6, as a7!i~nded by D.O. No .. 40~03).. ·
mother union must besupported by the: rnajority.ot .. . - . .. . . . . - .. " .. -. .
the members .. lfdone by a rninorily, everr dwing the. :rhe l_o.cals/chap~e.r:s sha.11_ q~ a119wetj .to ~eg1ster as
jreedorn period,--ttie · act. may eonstitute dlsloyalty. · . 1r:,d~p:en?.ent umons, . fa1h~g. wh1c~ . t~ey .sh?.11· lose
_ The minority members brea-~irig aw~y.'at the wr9.0~-=~Jheir_.leg1t1mate-statu~ upon tt,_e expiration of.the CB~
time may be· e~pelli:la·_'tro.tn the union ai:,d,'*~.,r~ason.:-;r · ~, .~RR"<Q{!!!_e LABOR COD~, Bo_ok V, Ru~e. VIII,_ Sec.
of t~_e·unio!'l security clause-rnay be r~.eve<t,f~m -~~i-. f~
,flfl?_.f!_clb.y D.O. No. 40-0~).. . . : ... _ .
.their employment (4 AZ~CE~A, S~Plf.a{f)~{~~-~~~~ #fld~~olid?ti9n· · ·. · . ·. . .: · ·
Effect of Disaffiliation: .. ·
1 As.to Union Dties
. ·
/<_t;:,.J
.... ,1r--..~ ·~;.:v·
if ,,._,. ) /,/' ·
·c. . : . -t.
#,p ~..."':""";..,""";"""":~:MN,,g~r,:(~A~s4'.i)>t1~.n)·1s.the r:irocess ~ere~ l~bo~·
ll'J) . IA -~
or!Jan12!!:}t1o~s..~.Q~~.r~ another, . resulting rn, the
·r ' ~fl "tfief'
The fe.deration will no_ IOJ'lger-"t-e~eiv~·, he 'due'.s .qli} .&~.~Sa10{' 0 ~1-' rf. ', a sor _.e . a or orgarnza 1on S
b d l b . 1· '
. fronHh·e employer bec#use "Ylfhol!fl~he S?id ·, ex1~teri_cr c:!ncl_ \th~) 1ont1~~ed exfstence of the
affiliation; the.employer IJJ'ilspl:l'lr·nkfo 1~nrot'her''." _aas0r.bm9 l~l:)o~. 0~~~pt~at1on . (l~R of ,the LABOR I!
unio~. ·. . . . . . 1~ i/ l · . ... · ~,-.. t;_G'fj[}E, f~ok_ V,t~~~1.~J~ Sec. ·!W), .~s, a,me_nded_ by
2 .. As to·existing'CBA Ii
·.,d I .· · e . ,b;~. ..,0z,':fr.ff>:N~J 40-03\) ):=._~] · .. : · ·. . · ! '
.· · Thei CB~ con?nues to..~inci~~/;\~lmE!t_ii6:~P~
new or. d1saffihated arid 1lildeoendem-r.6~ra 1~·
of:ih,t:.?~~-EffectlllfiJr
up to~ ·~
l · 7·11
· ,? O,.:,J/ 9 eJ{:r,#'i ff
:. ·_.
·.
'. , . .
th.e c·BA' s-expira · t' d.· t\\ 1t.,J!A::-,. .;,~·,..w~~;<0·filt~ ,I 'I ergeg~~r.f.l sfe~S.
~ lO tl;,l.e.1absorbrnglabor organization
. 209) ·
ion a e r""· L • c
· . . · . ~ • . · ~'-' ~
""°
. · ~1~, .d..:.. tS'l'"'"I ,'/"> t' · t"' ' 'd bit · ....
,.;..<;11 ,tJ •El;:{~ ~· 1~ erest a11 . o gallons of u.1~ ab~orbed 1.
.· . . . . .· . . . · 1··. •\ · .
_.urisdictlcin .· . ·
~,M~,:~i~a·~°:t(.IRR·o,fttie.
. , ·. • .:,··~0.'(~f?!,e V;}:_C,· 1.Q, a4'a.J71ende.d by D.O. N_o. 40-03) ....
LABPf: CQDE,_ f3ook y,,
I
i·
!·
i
!h_e i~s~e of d'is,a~lia!io.~is. ~n· i_nt~ . ~nion.~.nf.ll<;~<;~_
..~·~lici~'tio~)l,aigaril~ti<?n}i~:·;he cr~ati~n 'or
. JUfl~-~!ellon ·of whtG~. pr?perly, lies wilh,,th:.e~~Rr~n.~~:"'."-.fomfatloh)J.p{fiew·unioniri$ing.froni the unifi~tion"
not. W1~h the~ (Phifl,:>p_mfJSkylci~d~rs, tJ,£;~~~·1:-fC,.1\/lf~k~,.,J>.J"nlOre unio.ns (!RR o( the LABOR. C(?DE,.,
G.R, No,. 1273741 Janua,ry ~1, 200,2). . . ~~~Spol('·'i;l, Rule"/, S!3c. 1(1), as r;!mfjnded:by_D.O: No.'
. How is.Revo'cation of Chart<J_rhy·the .Fe~ef;Jti~n ·:·· .. 10-o3).. : __: . ' : . .' .. ·· .. ·· . ·..
.E~e,·~ted. . :, .. · . ._.. . : ... .:· ·. . ·.· .' . Effe.ct.of C~nsolldatlo.n;· " . .
By.- ·serving ·.the· locallchaptck a. verified · notice of The··newly created labor organization acquiies all the.
reypcation; copy rurn.ished by th:e.aLR on 'the ground .. rightl?; .Jriterests'arid. o.bligatlon_s of.lhe. consolidating,
of· disioyalty · or. !:i.uch oth~r ··grounds. as rnay: be .. ' · labor. .organ_izatip11s t(IRR qf the l;ABOR . .GODE;·
· spe'cified'ln;.its constitution or·.b1~laws (2:AZUC,ENA, · . Book v;·Riile_lV, Sec: 10, ~s· amended.by D.O. No:
supr1;1 a.(210): . .. , · · 40-03)).. ·· · · . ·. ':' .. .· .. , . ·
.. . . . . .
All r:eguisit.e· docl:(nie.f.lis.. and. pape~s shall ~ under : . :·Effect~· ~f M~r~--~·~·and:Con§.Q.lld.atl~n:ofE~p-loyer
oath . by . the secreta~y or the. treasurer . of :tM · . .., 'Wihiy (?.6ctri~e .str;1tes .tha(a duty to arbitrate a·risiilg
organiz.atron, as the·case.!'T)aybe,"'al'.)d at~ested to-by.' · · '.from a c.ollective bargainlrig agr,ee_m1;mt.survivl:ls the
its presi9ent. (/RR .of the L/',~ 0R· C_ODf?,,~ok V, ·: · · . ., ~mploye~ ~eal>i!'lQ. to .d~: busin~s.s a·s· ·~ ~epar~te
0

... Rule JV, Sec. 1; a;s amended by D.O.No. 40-03).:. . . entity after. its merger. with·, .a. sub~t~nt1ally. large
· · · ·. · corp.oration.. so as. 'to . b&: bln.~in.9 ori the larger
· Effect of Revocation of Charter Certificate. corporation, where·relev~nt sir'nil.a.rity ai:id .continuity-
.Tt:le. rEivocatio~ shall'.divest the local 'chapter of·its • pf open!itions across. the· change in oymership is
legal .perl,ionality upon receipt of the· r,oti'ce by the · evidenced l3y . the wholesale ·.transfer of smaller
BLR unless. in the meantime-the local/ciiap.ter. has :corpqratitm's emplqyees to.itie larger:~orpor.ation's
act1uired independen_t registration· in accorda'nc~ pl.int. (2 AZUCENA, supia·a(.533j, ·

· 92 . . SAN
2019 . SEDA LAW
: CliN:rRAL,IZED
. BAR. OPERATIONS.
.
 r a. 6W

f'.:·
··•
.
'.
..
.LABO.R .·RELATl(JNS ·
. SAN·.BEOALAW CENTRl\LIZfD BAR OPERATIONS- MEMORYAIP 2019
"'+' . WFMMiie&iiiih1'*'ffi21 ;g &MUS

f
~f
I :xceptions:
1. ll does not .survive where· there is lack of
-substantlal continuity. of identity in tti~ business ..
enterprise before and 'after the change;
2. · Where the union abandons its: rig!'lt to arbitration
Requirements for AppeaJ

· denial ·or· return of riotice; and ·

.
1; The memorandum of appeal· shall _be filed with
·the Regional Office or Bureau that issued the

2.. It sh.all be accompanied by the complete records ··

· b.y failing-. to. make . its· - claims. known (2 ·af.
tiie application for registration . (/RR of. the .
AZUCENA supra at 531)- ·. "LAB.OR CODE, Boo/5· v, Rule ·IV, ·sec. 7, · as
... -. ·. amended pyD.o.-40-.:03f. ··:
ARTICLE 242: ACTiON ON APPLICA"TION ..:
The· Bureau. ·shalt' act · oh . all appllcatlons for Mod~.s of,Appeal. .
registr~fion within .30 days from filil')g. · · . ·' 1. Regional Office · . .
__ a, , ihe Regfona} .Office . shalt "transmit the . ·
. All -requisite d~cume.nt shail be .certifled under oath . · records , within. 24 hours frorri" ·· receipt" . of · .
) -. by the secretary-or the treasurer of the orqanlzatlon, · · · Memq ofcf,pp,·eai;_ · ' ' . · . ·
W ·as_ the case'jnay be, and a~~$_ted to ·b~ t~e president b. Th!3 Bureau shall render ·a.-decision within.20

·,:- ·
it _(LABO~ CODE, Art_,_24~). . . ·· .- . . ·: p.ays from receipt ·of records (/RR of the-.·
IC · · · · ·· · /. · · · · ···
LA.SOR· CODE,. Book v~ Rule IV, :sec. · 7);
# ARTICLE 243:- DENJAL .·oF · ~EGISTRATI.ON; .
APPl;AL · . ·
. and . . .
: c .. ·. The . decision of the ·. Bureau ·may 'be':
. .

I
., · Ttu:fdeclslorr _Qt_ th_e_ Regional-.d~ce __ or the Bureau ·/~) ·. .: . contestedbetore the Court of -Appeals via ·
•· ~e.r:iying .t_H_e·applicatlon for.·registratio~ shall b~: f~J~.f~ ·. Pe.titi_o~ for Ce~iorari unc;ler Rule. 6.5 of tlie
. · 1. ·. ln.wpting; · . · . ·. . · . /.. f.( .•,\ ., Rules of Court ·(f.bbott 'Leboretories PH.,
ii. _1· Sta~i~g _in clear terms · ttie . reason for \tf•.f, '.·.~};:) . . . Inc~ ~· Abbott. Lab·oratories. Empioyees .
; decision: and . · _ . · . ),- i',:. ,,,,__,_7.,... .. Un!P.'JiG.R. No_. 1.?1374,_ January 2q, 2900).
~,.,· ~.- .-ApP,li~~t 1,tnion must beJurnish_ed a c9p_Y:,S>}i'sa.i.gf}!;;~z....t~t1rea,~-~$Labor Relations: . ·· .. _· , .
[': , - ~ec1s1on· (/RR of .th_e LAB_OR.CQD}~,{fJookV,; H
" . Rule IV. Sec. 6, as clmehded by D.,O;,:No. 40-03),..A.._.Ii
a?""--"F.tie·~~r~auy~_allt~?nsm_,t the._reco_rd~within-
24· ?Jfoi;.s from receipt of Mem.oof f,.ppeal: ·
.
I
I.
,~--. . · : . · '. . .' · .\'\.,;.f · . Y·--:-~'.- . . h. Thf !tecretary ·of. ·Labor sh.all render a '
lit · Appeal. · · ·: · . · .
~ ·· · 1 ... C~se.sfr()~ ~he·Regforial.8Jf:fi:{ · '.i.;,t~· · __
>~>.I}'·-:-..:?'. ~ : J. · · · ..
!>\ ·
d~cistpn\w_iihif!·.20 · days from receipt- of .
' r/c.orfils{lflR:oftheLABOR COD_E!_Book V, ·
I
I·
I
l- . · The dec1slqns of· the Regi,6rir!,Qffi9~.,_ shaJI I?~ ?f
fi_-.: apr:iealable ·to the 1;3:LR (IRR.:~Une:'irAJ3.Plj?-)C'o~E,,... _ . · l~~-1 .
J
'-if
:
}1:1le [lV, ~q. 7,.. as amended. by_D_.0: No.
'~!JW;.,~?.~;;?) . . · . ·· . . . . ·.. ·
I
!,.-~ ,
f;

r.
J!l
Book V, Rufe IV, se·c. -7, .cis ~Wit'!deg::lc?.]1,.P,-0.-Jil~,j
i} 40703). · ,-. ·_, · .
.. ·· · ·. · . . ·
.
.. ·
~...~-~"-:\ ·: . // .
-~ .
ff .
t,i · . · ,:, __
c. · 'The!sl.si.c1s1ono! the Secretai:y of Labor m~y-
·
be contested _before the Court of-Appeals ~a
:,?,... Petition for Certiorari uh.der Rule 65 of the
The .decisions o_f the BLR on cases a~l:?~clied.from ..,),,-.~~.,::,t}mn.Rules.-of Court (Abbott Laboratorie~_PH.,
I
I
r~'- - Regio~al Dire~tor (appe(late·juri~dictfo/j)'are.{fii}ill:;:...;,!.,:;:..;.~~LA..i-if.i'e!. v.. Abbqtt .Labcirarori(!s . Employees
~> .1_:1nd _no( appealable to_ tr,e' Secret_a'!X_.Pf ftJ.f>or. . Unfon,_.G.R .. No. 13.137_4, Janqary26, ·2(!.00).
~- . :(Taka.r~:P.f:IL.:Corp.-v. /3LR, G.R. No.: 19~!'!..:., '!nfr .. _. :-· ·. . . . . . . ,: . . ...
~· 4,-2014). _. . · · · ··. · · · · · · · ·. Registration of Federat1011s, Nationa.1 .!J_n_tons or-
~-~-~-'. . ' ·' .· · . . .·· -Workers Ass9ciations Operatihg_.in: More' than
~: ~_{· ·c:1~e!'i rr~ll) th~ ·BLR. . . ·. : ·. . . . . .. . .... O_rie Regi~tfFll~d with"the BLR .. ... . .:
f· The· decisions of-the BLR-in the·exercise··of his/her. .. ' . .. .
· ·origiha1 .-juriscJi'ctiof!· · may be· appea1ea>10 ttre ·. .
f..{ :secretary of ·l;~bQr· (Abbp( Laboratories_P.HL .V.· .
· ·· ··
. .. __:_ BLR.orRe.9fohal:Off)ce:(B~(processeci·_i:,y· .. ··.

r.
~;- Abb:9t- Laboratories ··employ~es·. Union, · G.R. No,
13-13.(4;-Ja'r:µ~ry26, 200_9).: ·. ..
·. ': . : ·. . ·
. .... ·. .
·..Bur~au)
•...
. · .. ·· ·· ·

~ G~ourid~ : .· :· . . . . .. ' . . . :. . . . ·, . Secretar:y of La_.__b_·o; (If BLFfdi~ector denies)_:_:.:

, .... Any·appli~nt un1oil'may appeal V"1itl1.i,n·1·0 caiendar: ..
f·,. · d1aysG·frqm:rE(bce_ipt offds.uch.dt
.•~cisiondoJ:i·g'"?unds.~f: .... _ · .. ·:. -, ... ~-.
"t,.' •. · .rave a ·us~·o ,sere ion; an.· : . . . . -: . · . . .... , . . . . .. . ... · • .
~:/ · ~-- Violatic;>ns of" ttie I RR ·of the L.atior ·cod~ (/RR of . · · , . · · pec1s10~ of Sf:<?retary appeala~_le to qourt of.
t,.:_ . .-
t{ .·
fhe µ,.f30f?-COD.E,·Book"V,. Ru1e··1v,. Sec. e; as . . · · Appeals v,a
· _amendedby D.O: No. 40-03). ·.
Pi:1~~;
~~~ei~~~inderRule 65

r·,: . ·. (/RR ofthe'LABOR CODE,Book V, 'Role JV, ·sec.

7; ...as amended . . by.·.D:O. No.
4.0-03).·
.
,.
\ .
. .

I :·
,;
:··
. . .-2019 SAN
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 LABOR RELATIONS
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPER.ATIONS.- MEM<;JRYAID.2019
·~WM#NAkW&ta ¥1 PiffififlASW'*:*•t46Mi21iA&dSirij~H w»•Qt F. fii:&NiMWWi&RilltJP~mtii&&s:maa,
Registration of . Independent -; L,at>or Unions,.
C_hartered Locals, Work~rs' Associations. Flied
with.th~ Reqlonal ·office-

Regio'nal office where union pffncipally operates ·

(Proceasedby Labor Relations Division)
. . . ·. . . . .
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· 94 .2019 SAN SEDA LAW c·ENTRAUZED BAR OPERATIONS

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'(ARTICLE 248: VOLUNTAR'(.CA_NCELLATlON OF "4: _eol_itical rigJ;it - the right to vote and be voted
· R.EG!STRATION . _· '. - . . ·· for, ·subject to lawful provisions on qualifi<::alions .
,. The registration ot a. legjtim~te lal;lo~ organization and disqualifications (2: AZUCENA supra at
:·. may he cal)c~lled by the organization · itself; 225) .. ·
: provided: . · · .
..,. : .1 .. A~ least 2/3 .of its general.- membership vot?s via Note: Any violation of the above rights and · .
.:ii s'ecret balloting, in ·a r'neeting.duly"ca]le_d for.that conditions of -membership shall be ,a. ground tor
}~-. purpose to'dissolve the organization; al')d .... cancella"tion of unio"n .registration or expulsion of. an -
.. 2: . An application to cancel regisfration:is thereafter offic~r from office; whichev~r·is'appropr:iat~ (LABOR ·
s4bmittea by 'the board· of·the orga"nization, GODE, Art. 250). .. , . . .
·attested -to· by. the· presiderif thereof (LABOR
CODE, Art. 248); ··. . . 3Q% requlrement.when required; At least'3.0% of .-
all the· members .of the union 'or any. member- or .
:·.· Note: H~ving •held:, an illegal .strike is. not:.~~ason to members specifically concerned. may report· such
{ .cancel a.union's reqlstratlon, Holding arr fllegal strike . violation. to the Bureau (LABQ_R CODE; Art. 250). ·
i'· '. has adverse . consequences .. to· . the strikers . . . , . . . .. , ... :
t- particularly the officers, · 'but -cancellatlon of. their· · When 30% Is not· required: When· the violation
'!f: union registration is notone of those 'consequences · · · ·. .directly affectsonly 1 or 2 members, thenonlyt gr
i"(- · ·(2 AZUCENA, supre.et 216). · 2members would be.enouqh to report such violation
;~~ · .· . . . · _ . :. . . . ·. · D (Verce/es v. B!,..R-DOLE, G.R. No. ·152~22, February
,.,. ARTICLE-249: EQUITY OF THE:·INCUMBEN-f· .,,./:)/( :15, 2005). . .
~IJ existing. federations and national" unions ·weficfy_'.{/'\ . ·. . . . .. . . .
meet: ..th?·. qualifications ·. of. _a legitimate : lat:;,9f ,,0 .~'. '\ Note: In tl)e DOLE $ecretar-y'sor his duly authorized
orqanlzation and none _p.f the. ·grounds ·\to,'(, . , :.,:LreP..r.~senta~iy~·s visitoda1 power. to inquire into the
-cancenatton shall continue to maintain _their.~{j_$tJf1~-:;/r1r:1~Jio~m;,!~h·f!~N~ties-of any _labor org~nization. the
affiliates ~egar.dtess of ~~-~at~re CJf tlie \~dt,i~try_and;Jfj r' com.pl.ain~·-mtstbe ~uppo~ed by 20% of the- labor.
. the ~~c~t,on ~f th.e c!ff1hates ·(LABCJf3::{:JCj_,DE'.,,41!(-J-:.:!\ _ organrzat1o?Jil,,1reml;>ersh1p_ (/.,ABOR· C~DE,',·Art.
249r . ~ . h_.~..,1-,. _. .- _ .• ,.~.,. . ff ,, t, - . . . . . . ·.
.. -~ ... .,.,,.· . ..:-.;;,.#' 1i i 289J.
·• ''Rt\
A~~~~iJ11rtii>~~ O.E:.. ' F\
CH.APtE-~- .11:: . RIGHTS·
~-~M~~RSHIP ... ·
ARTICLE
. · ·
250; "RI_GH"fS.
f,~;;;· - , 5\~·rf . _ . '_'- -~
~~1/~i;;;fTI.~f'JS~~/ -~=;~~;?i~ll!:~:~;;:y~;{~·:
t{_1/.
Uni~n m.lmJe-~s~tP
A~):' ~~~oy~~;_· ~~e.!!1er- _e~ployed
. . . .
f?r · a de~inite

p~;::s
·.
~; .., .
· MEMB.ERSHIP IN' A LABOR.OR~~~T~~N :J!: FY _ unioti _member_ship(LABOR CODE_, Jl.rt 292.(c)).
Gener~i q_r9~pings·. ~f _the· Ri~ht:·~tJ~,6ni~h:. ,t;~_::Nf)t~:<rlihe.;.reJati~nship_ of the_ union. andrnembe;s is·
Members:· (DIMP) -·. . . . .· · · .·. -<;;':/ .= /',-:-;:::=::s;J..!.!t'.,:§o~erAed~b} their· mutll.al agreement, the terms. and ·
-1. Qelibera~ive ·anq Peclslon-Maki.n'gi'~ig'1<t:;;,,tl,e · -:ccindifions· -:of which· ate -s_et forth : in· the ·.uni.on . ·
. right to·- P.~rt,cipate in 'de!i.9e_r'atror:is\~1:{;~l}lajor-· . . . cons.titutio"n _-and. ,_by-law~;"- and 'bi_nding . on .· the ·
policy·questipris_and·decide bysecret:l'fallot. . · ·members.as .well, as lhe organi;zation it~elf _(Arig·
2 .. Right tO-!l'Jfo1J11atiol'i -;U:,e righ_t to be·informed • · Malayang Manggagawa rig.Ang Tibay Entetpr,ses. v.· .
. about: · .. : . . . . A_ng _Tib.ay, G.R_:'..Nf!, ·l.,.-8259, Dece,j,ber·23, _1957J. ·
·-a-,· ·T_he prganfzaticin'.s constit~tto_n and · by~
:.1~ws; ·. ·. :. · ,. . . Pers·o~s . .);ho are · · Pr<_>hiblt~d · from· Be com {~g
. · b; The colle.ctive bargijining agreemerit, . and -!Vlembers of a L,_a'-1or Organization . - . : ..
· labor laws. ..· : ·· . ' · · 1.. Noh-employees; and. . .
. 3. _. ~ights .Over -M·o~~y M~tter's-·the righ!s of the 2. Subversives ·or
those· engaged directly or .
·members>·.···· . ·. : · ·· ~ .· _· : : · · · fndirectly .iil .. ariy subversiv~ . ac;:tjvity ·(~ABOR
of
· a., Against imposition excessive fees; · . QODE; Art. 250(e)}: .
b. Against : . unautl'lorized · . Collection . of ·
. ponttibu_tions" . or .. ·.' utiautf:ioiized PE!rso_n.s· who ~re Prohibited-from -Being: ·union
. · · clisl:iursem1ints; . . . . . Officers or from b¢i_ng app·ointed_to _any position
c·.. ··Tb riquire: adequat~. records _of. income and . · in a Union . · ·
"exp¢ns;es; . . . . . ~ . . ' . . . : .: Persons who-· have been 'convicted of. crime a·
·•..d: To access financial recorqs; · involving o,oral turpitude. (LA.fJOR CODE,. :Art.
e. To ~ote 011..officers' compensation; . 250(()).· . .
( .To vote 6n special as~essment;:ar,1d··. 1
g ... Tb_ b!;l deducted a. spe_<?ial. assessm¢.nt _only .
· with the mem.per's wrjtten authorizatipn..

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2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIOf\l~ I 95
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 ,.
. LABOR·R.ELATIO:NS
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR. OPERATIONS.- MEMORY AI0.2019
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.i.u\111\MW MA 49 4#¥ •. =¥•• bf ii IIFIS&i5&¥MW52ffl ESRA
'*'*· IW4fi41M

Limitations or'I Membership in Labor. The authori:z:.ation . should specifically state the:
Organizations . · . (BAP)·. . .
·1 : . The . . labor· · organization . . cannot c;ornpel 1. -.§.eneficiary of the deduction;.
0

employees to ·b_ecome. members of ·their ·labor· 2, · Amount; and ,

organizaUon i_f they are already mer:nbers of a- 3-... f urpose (LABQ_R. CODE, Art. 250(0))
rival-union (tABOR CODE,_ Art.. 259(e)); . ·
2. · The persons mentioned··in Art 250(e) of the · Exceptions: (MANA) · · . .
·.Labor Code · are pro.hibited fr.om becoming a · 1. For Mandatory activities provided under the
. m~rnbe:r ofa labor organization; and .. . CQd~ . . . .
3.. The membe~s of a religious _organization wh'ich 2. Check-off for union service -fees. 8uthoriied . bi
fqrbids' membership in"~labor organization could law (Redio Communicstion»'ot the .PHL, Inc. v,
not . be_· compelled .into·. union m~mbership Sec. of Leber, G.R. Np. 77959, ·January 9;
(Viotoriano',.v:Elizalae Rppe. Worker·~ Un.fon, . · 1"989); . . . . ..
GR. No. C25246,_ September 12, .. 1_97 4). 3.. W!ieri 'Non.-men:iber-s of the. union 'avail of tne .
· · . . benefits of the CB.A.: : . . . •
Wh~ are .Entitle<J to Vote~ . . . . a. _ Said non-members f.flay be assessed union.
"Only members ofthe·u.riion have t.be_eH~i.bility to take dues equivalent.to that pald.by members: .
part in the.electlcn.of ~niqn officers. Eligibility to vote .. . . ·an_d · · . . .. •·
may be determined throu'gh the use (>f the ·applic~.RJ.§l."'"'"'~·=,..,."~-I;);. · Only · by a board resolution approved· b.y
_payroll . period. and the status of. the ern,13J0yees y 1 -~. .:·'.""~»!1'.!ajority of the members in . a . general
during the applicabl_e period. -This. p~fri',s fu,·the · l.J- J\/-" -)i~ m~-eS!rig called for the. purpose; and··
p·ayrQJI of· the month next prec~jin('"fne J)~~9.f:=,;;.~==l~GJ11;?dk-9f0~.[.- union service fees Aut_horized by.
.

dispute •. iri_ case· "of regular en:i,r~y~eS)>1!,~EFt~e ··- -,raV4/R'agijl-.P~mmunication$ pf'thePHL;Jnc. V..
payroll period at "". near the Pff.c:l<"0.{..,~Jjer;:;iJ,19ri·;°'."1n=~~-,."'-$,~_c:~~f-(_~ab~f\G. R. -No. 77959, Janua!Y- 9,
case. of employ~es li:1· season~l~$1uswes yranClf./-!ti
· v: -Ferrer-Cal~e;a, G.R.- No._; 781'311p- Janfary 2.i!i, .ffJI'). g~
·Ir '\W 198f),'\~'.~1,'.J \ .
.. :i- . ·\ f . ~' · ·
. :
· .
. . "e •

1988):· · · · k, ff a · ').~ Note:·. ll,he in~wi4'u)iq1.-written . authorization duly

· · :; I';? ;/ . . u~---.- "s1gn~a5t the e~'pi~ee).is 'an additional- requirement
A labor o~ganization. may _cpn"ditiG:i~the ei~rcise.'[of~ ~®avyqi.spe.ci~) ~s{~~'sments:·orextraordinary fe_.es
the right to vote on the payu,_ent,,GfJdues, ~bject~w:~"n-:ri;:.:;.ihlord~~f'that a· ~peeia:t!~~sessment may. be validly
2 QU<! l'fi1 ica tions. . ·· . . "'~t, ..,.{-t\\l : ~-ff·
. ll· & '~.i.:,,q,
· _...:.__i. 1
:5::, chec_k-~¥:' ~, ~-·':'ff~·//J ·-J,i:, ii~J r.. v.. , Garru1t··a, GR
1, l'ar,'! . . . No.
1 ... It must be apPh?E;f: umforfnl¥11ar:~. ";,:..\.\. :. , ~{f' . f -,:--:ff§ij(h~J,(y7, t~~Q~: if . · ·. · ·
· 2, Members n::iust be af{6reefl 'ta r~'9twb,I~{~ tJ/'<t"'r'" ./.A(J.:Y· . .ff· ;f · ··
oppoi:tunity· to·- pay_ dl.l.~~ (graQi;i p)17sc:J·~~ri¥. ~~.L~_!ptio,\,dverc_~_eck-off.oisputes __ ....
·· AZ{!CENA,supra ·at 229). \ · -~. ·.. ~-~">- 1i
...*"./·g~ili!;Jlan intta_:uniol)J~C!nflict,BLRand· R,_D 0f:DOl.,E ·
· . ·, · ·. ·· · . '\, · · . ~:, Sef r-·~~~v,~o!J,e"Or"JentjLip'sdictJon over- check-off_disputes :
C~eck-Qtf is· a n:i.eth'oc;I .of de!'.l_.uctir.i~fr0 ~-.J,f2~i:JtfEo/A,,supra at 241-2.42): · - . . ··
ern1tloye~;s pay at prescribed. peri~th.e_ :ls:<-~==--="'_:'':rt;\j'I,-:,/?· · · . : :. . . · ·· .
d_ue· to the. union for fees, fin_es. or.. as~e'&.~'!1 · ...._ .J?- I\ ;:{
['~fgutr~~,etifs for· Levy ·of Spe~ial Assessm_ents
Al-UCENA supr.;i -at 266). . '. · *'i,,,~ · . 1.. I_;!.._. OES~(.tr-a·ordinaryfees: (RAGS) . : . <
. . · .·.·===-=-cf'.··· There must""be a Written-R'esblcrtion· .:
:Nature··and' Purpose of Ch~c..k-Off. . ·2. · Th!;nesolutlon ~~sf have ;been. ~plc)rovei.b~ a
Union due.s__ are _the ltfeblood of the _unio~ ".-II unions ·:majority.of al~ the member!?; . ..
ar~. authorized·- to. col.l~ct reasonable . membership 3. · The approval ·must be Jlta:§eneral:ri,er'nbershi"p
fees, Lin1oi:t dues, as~essrnents:and:fjnes and oU,er . ."meeting.:duly"palleq.for that purpose;_and . · •. : ·
coritritiU.tions ·for lc1bor edllcatioo ·-and· researc~. . 4.. Ihe Secretary. of the organization shall record· ·
mut1,1al" death·_ arid · 6ospltalizatjon· .benefits, _.welfare : the. "minutes•. o(· the meeting, whic.h' "sfrall., be
fl.ind, strike fund.·. and, credit ·and . coop·erative .. atteste~ to by the Presid"en( .Tlie ·minutes
··ur)dettakings-(LABOf{.CODE, Art. 250): · · 'include:·· · · · · ··
. . · :._ · a: The.list pf. all rnembers pres13nt;
Requirements with ~egard to Check•Offs ··. b: The. votes ·cast;,and· ·.: ·· : ..
. ~ener~I. R~I~; No special" assessment, attorney's c. The purpOse· of the ·assessment or_. fees-
. ·· fees,· -regrstration fees. or al')y ·other ·extraordinary (LABOR CODE; Art_. 250{n)); . · · , . ·
fe~s· may be C~ecked ..off ~frOm ani amoUnt d~e an : · ~ · '· · · · · ·
employee withc;n:it an. individual" ~ritten authorization. Subst~nti_ai CQmpliance .. wlP, · u,.e _aforementio~ed
duly signed by, the employee (LABOR J;ODE, Art, procedure- is notenough; t~e-requir_eme.nts must be,
250(0)). · · . · · ~ . . . ·. , strictly cqrr,pfied with (Palacol.v,Ferrer-Calleja,G:R .
. ,. ' · No. "85333, February26i 1990}°. · ·

. ·· 96 1. ·2019 SAN BEDA_LAW CENTRAUZE_DBAR,OPERATIONS

 - LAB.OR. RELA-TiONS
SAN B'£'DA tAW CE:NTRALIZ.EDBAR Of'E:RATIONS- ME:MORYAID 201-9
WBMWPMi+a I MMili&fl Rfwr 4 I 4 P

Union- Dues are the regular monthly contributions · . When the union bids to be the bargaining agent, it
paid by the members to the· unlon In exchange for . voluntarily . . assumes.. the-: responsibility of
the benents ·given to them .bY. the <;::SA and to finance · rspresentlnq a_ll employees in· the· appropriate
the 'acttvttles of. the union in representing them (2 . bargaining unit (Natiorial · -Brewery. end Allied
_AZUG_ENA; supreet 237). . . Industries La/for Union of the PHL · v. 'San Miguel
Br(Jwery Worker's AssocifJtion, ·G:R. No.. L~18170,"
Agency Fees .are dues .equivalent to union dues, August31, _ 1~63). · ·
charged from- the· · non-union members · who or _ . . . . .. .
ben~fited byorunder the CBA (2 AZUCENA,·supra · "CHAPTER Ill: RiGHTS OF LEGITIMATE LABOR
at 241). · ORG-ANIZATION~. . . ·-

... Requisites for. th_e Imposition of Agen·cy- Fees:_ -· ·ARTJ(r~E;- . ~51_: Rl~HT.S: ,c;>F ·"A LEG.ITIMATE
: . ·: (PN!3)· ·. . . . . . .. · . . LAe·oR·ORGAf,UZATION:(Rl:FO_-Sl;!E) . ·: .
'.· 1 .. The employee'is f_art of the bargaining unit; 1.- .· gepr~s.ent · union . mernbers fo(- .: collective"
t° 2. He- is ·t!,qt a member-of the unionj.and .. · _. ·bargainfng'; · · - ·· · :· · ·
i 3 .. He partook of the aenefits of the CBA (/..ABOR 2. ·:Certified. ·c;1s' !;xclusive. representative of all ,
T"" ·COQE; Art.-259(e). _· · · · 'employees: . .· · ·
. . . . . . 3. ". Evrnished by . employers: of audited financial- _
Note: No requirement of written auth6rizatio.n from · • . · · statements: .· . · · . · · :'-
the non-union employees is needed to effect a valid ./P· 4.- bwn properties; · - . : . _ · . . -
check · off. Written- authorization is inapplicable~~t( t.7{ . 9·. · .§ue and ~e sued in its registered name;
nori-urqon members, .especially in this ·case.-wt;{~te;/.;_.; \ 6.·. lJ.ndertake· a-ctivit!e~ for the benefit of -the
· · the non-union employees receive several pen~fitf\~''.;.;-:, . organization and its members: _and· . .
.. under the CB.A; (Del Pilar Aceaemy v: Del .':'.4~r;;,.-._:,,_i,-~-y.-f~:<empA~~-from taxes (0BOR·C(?f.?E;A~:251).
'I'
.Employees, G.R No. 1101'12, AP.r:i/;3~ ··/1''~1r..f°!.-"-t.c"'':J;,·~' .~1,1
ff Apademy 2008).· : · .. . · _ · .:-,.,7" ,· . · ,..,. r]·
. · :
ARTIC1:EL25.2\REF>ORTORIAL RE9UIREMENTS.
. . ·

·· · · _· . . r> ;{h:J' · ·. Reportortal ;t~quirementi_, to be submitted to · the

l~
t. 'ii'
unton, Dues v : Ag~ncy·F1;~(;:_J..: : : ,//...
""ilt~iii1~fil · · · ,..,; . . r·1;f
Bu.rea~ by_j}'\~1ll¥~iti"1ate labor_organization:_(CQMA) _
.4*' 1... -,,...
·i ·_ ·
~ _:-l;
Consitu_tr.~n·,\and
~,. "h . by-laws, ._or, amendments
•

f
··there,__o·, :_i:rinu\~s of. ratific;:itior:i, and· the· list- of _
_ .• ~'-- ri,, · m~jp~~r~';_Vhc_>j_QO~ part in J~e _ratificat!O~ of .the
. .· · - .. -· - '"-,( ·, . - . ,d -·~.-.,: ;· . i~ · - · CQ..r:t~1lJlJ~rn~,ar;ip:;!!>y-lawsWJtti1n :_30. days _from
t M,embers q~ ·a .union _for Non-n;i,~!11~-e~;.;;[l . tf-i'~, : .. ·~~1 · · 9:dopt10:E:qill:ati_ficationoUhe constituti9n and by-
~:1 . ··. _
r·
Is; .the paYJ:!ent · of union .barga1r.11n9:~_gent, Gurnori} · .,_ laws or amend me Ats th~reto;·~ · . · .
~ti.es·~' ·. : . , '. . "for th~ ~Flj.ox,rfentofth_~_' 't~J;,_.._List of _Qffic~rs, r'ninvtes ~t :_!he election. of
._ ·. · . ··· b~nef1ts und~r.JJ],e~CBA: - ~--/~:::r:.1~:·:~ffil,J~~~! and hst of vo_ters within 30 days !ro~

I!"';.
• • .>A.,,_a_ · ·. e e0}!9FY, · ·
3-. · List -of. Mer,nber~ · at . least
once ~ year or
May - not··oo: d'eductec:t ~ay:_
J?e :di:!du~~1Ctrom. . . · wheriever r~quired by the Burea~;·and .. _ ·
. 4 .. :~nnual financial :report withlri- ~o days after the -· _
frorn the salar!es .of the the salary. 9f-employees
~-~ . union memoers without with.out .their" ·written . -close of every fi's_cal y~ar. · ·
r ;the .. writteh . consent of cohserii .. -
f~:.· ,' the worke.rs~ffe:cted. . :·.. Note; Failur:e fo compiy With the above-mentioned
. ·. - .
['-· . · . -requirero~nts shail ri-ot· be -a· ground. for canceHation
(LABOR QODI=, Art. "240(0)). · o( l;inion re_glstration. l:iut shail subje~t. tl;le -erring
1 office"rs or .mell'ibers to. suspension: expulsion. from
~.-, Npte: Agef\cY,fe~ ¢~Rnot be)tnposed.on e~ployees. - · :- .,mein_bersbip,. or·· ·ariy ~ppropriate · l?enalty ·-(LABQR -
t. already_.in. ttie _service an~ are ):nember.~.of another _._ . COQE, Art. 252j. .· : . . . .
r--. union:"lf a clos_ep:shop agreement c;;ai:inof be"-applied
. . to them_; neither:m~ry c3n· agency.fee. as a_ lesser form 1:ITLE:FIVE:· COVERAGE .
t· ... of union security, 6e· i_mposed ·ari-·th~rri, Paymer:it by· . . ;· :.:· .
f no_n--iunionmembers ·9ti1gency fee~-does not arpount ART°iCLE 253·: COVE.RAGE AND .EMP.LOYEES!·
K~ . to' an u_njLtst ~nrichment _-basically" bec?use._ ·tt:ie RIGHT TO $ELF·ORGANIZATiON . ' ·- .
f:: · pur-po_se of . such . dues is· to avoid discrimination .· ... B.(te"rit of-the- R!ght to·S~lf-Orga_niza~ion . .
f · -between--union arid non-union members (National · · 1. -To form-,join and as·slst labor c>rganizations for
f· Br:~wery an·d A!lfecrhJpustries Labor. -Union "of the - the . purpose of
collective bargaining· through
~ PHL v. San Miguel Brewery, 1nc., G.R. No. L-18170, repr~s~ntatives of.their own_ choosing; and . .
t 0 A·ugust 3_1,_ 19tj"3). · · · 2. To :enga.ge iri lawful ·conce-rted a·ctivities -for the -
f"·
:?~
. same. purpose or for.- their mutual_; aid- ~nd
protection ,(LABOR COD.E,Art. 257).
t,

~·_
j,: ..
1: .

I,.
.
,; ..
.
,_....
201~ SAN ~EDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I 97
 I
-
LA-J:30F.tRELATION-S
411CiLi4

SAN SEDIHAWCENTRALIZEDBAR OPEllATIONS:-MEMORY ii.ID 2019

#WiRl>f,M.iitblci+ . ', Mi?"MI --·ea. i, ·
sawtwcace cwa,

19ricj N,1¥N8lQ&JR ARR

''* 9¥aa;,s,,,

'ITTUft.A%Sit:t
+ ·. ·.~
:,

· Right to Organiz~ Cannot 6e:eargained Away · · 5.. !:!Jgh-lev.el· or managerial · government

The right to :,_elf-organization musfbe Upl']eld in the employees (E.O: N~. 180, Sec." 3); .
. absence of express provision of law to the contrary.. · .6. Aflens without valid worRing· permits: or _Aliens
· it. canmit be cortailed by a CBA;,_(Southem PHL with valid working permits but are nationals of a.
Federation of Labor. v: ·-Ferrer-CaJ/eja, . G:R.- No_. . country which do not-allow, Filipinos -to· exercise ·
80.882, April 24; 1989-).;.. . ' . .. ' _. . the right of self-organization and to join· or assist
··.l_abor organizations. (LABOR CODE, Art.· 2?4)
Rlght : to J°oin . ·starts . from · J=lrst . Day of. 7. !".fon-Eri:lployees (Roswio .Bras.;', tnc. v. ·_Opie,
Employmen~ . · · · /. ' ·· . ·. ·G.R No. L-53590; July 31, t984);
Any employee; Whether employed for a. ·definite 8. Q.overnment. employees, . . including · those
· period or not,· shall; beginning on the -1•1 day of employed in 'government-owned and controlled·
his/her- service, be. eligible- for.'ftiel!)bership In any . corporations with Origin:1'!1:_cliarter· (Ariz.ala v.. CA,
labor orga_nizali0n (LABC/RCODE,·_Art, 292(c)).·· · · · G,R Nos, 43533;34, S_eptember t-4, 1~99);. ·
9.'. gmployees ..ef cooperatlves who are at the same
Empl~ye.es _Eligibi.e fo J.oin·a U:;bor-, Organization . ··. time its members ((Jenguet Electric c·oopllrative
for·:purpose°s··of ·Colle_cttve Bargafr1h1g; (CIA- . Inc. v .. Ferrer-Celleje, .G.'fr. ·'No .. -79025; .'
G()CC-.CREM) .· . . · ·.. . , · December29, 198~)- However,they rnayform a
1, All- persons --~11'.lP,oyed.in."Qomm~erci_al,'!ndustrial . 'worker's associatlon iNuev« E_cija l Electrk:
c;1nd .~gricultura~ '(Cl.A} . 'enterprises.: includ!JJ~-==~-.,_-,;_ . cooperettv» lnc., _Employ~es_'Assoc.· v. · NLRC;
employe_es of Gov.errrm.~r:it-owne,~
corpo~at,on (GOCC) w1t'10Ut··~m~J!l;1·:c~~ers
__ o~·W.Jl:~PH~ Ti J
c·· ..
· f;:"'.;;G:~/i/6.: f?"?066;-January~4,.2_000}; a~d ~ ..
l~/§Jdl?VfFS~~~ or tho~e. d1re?t!Y.. or: m~1r,e_ctly .
. established under the _Corporat1gn' ~,ecie._:j~it,~="---==~,; ~l'lig~fjesi,~(l- subversive acbv1$1es_. (LAB.OR .
2 .. In Qharitable, ]~elig.i_ous, g~uiati0Q_al~9r~filealcal. · · ·. "'"''..6Q_f1E(Arj..·_\~~O(e)}. . · _ · ·_. · · · · ·
. :(C~EM) _institotions. whethe.lJ_op~v~Jit;9'5f1r;,.pFofi~t-=~.:._ ~~.:<:- · · _;\. . · . · · ·. -'. · · ,
·
. . or·not_ (LABOR CO_D£,Art,r~§J_J)
· ·. · .. :°"vi
f . ·( .._·
1 . · . ' • ~ • Jr l~
·mi 'y -~pTIC~.I;: 2~4,;A_!.!J~~-T OF· EIVJPLOYE~ IN THE·
,BUBLlqSE YJeE- ,1. : . • · ·. - .
·.f>ers_o'ns/Empfoyees.EJigilll~ to·,Ptr\ _ _.,.Labor. r~\-
. . ~ ~ ~ • ' t'f \\
.=.-_- · ·. ,,. 11 ,\.',. ·.. · • · · · ·.: •
. Organization· for .. N!u~ual ffAl'g;;.0a,pd . Prflecffoo.:'"1mr. · ,,;,;;.. ':f' l:~
..-
(AIR-VVISe} · ·. . · .e
: 111;~4 U .. · ~ -~~~_I~-- a, .
1 .. : Ambulai:it-(.Walking or fi<?Q~f4'4{orkers)\ ·. f{fu.i:huii.1
2·. ·. fnt~rn:'ittent·(lrregular-w~,fcei::s~l:\ . -~~\--~·. ~.,£
3. Rural, . . , · ,.. : (.) \- Q;'..%~ n;r1 I "$
4 .. Workers'without any defi)~~ em~loy_ t~~~(:·:~~ fJ-11. ... -~ · z::x . · · · · · .· · . · · · · · · ·
-~: . !tin~.ran~ workers-.(Workin~.- fo_r a~s~o~~\\lCl~ t ·. ~P.'~-p~~f~s If. cann_ot Th,e: ·. e~plpY,ee~ ~f a
·
6:- ·. ·self-employed people
. ·253). . . ·.
(LAsR·
variqus places}; and· . -. ·. '\ · --. ·'\_ --~ . ~~~-. -~~~stnk§t~-smc.~t,ey GOGC c_re~t~d : u,n_der, .
CGDE ,a~--;-
·.· , . .. .. · · .;_,:.,,.. · ~TEN ..
·.a.~ go~,~moo· ~Y.1 the.. lhe .. <;;or~orat1on Code_
Qw~ .$.e_rvle·l:.a.~'i.h~~ .~re ~ove~ed byt_ht;} La~or '.
. _._:, - ~ · . ~ . _.-. . ::: _· ,.(~ :~~-:-~=:' ' r~1,~,,~~.f~Y.-.C1Vil <?o.q_e.. ·_Th,~~efore; .-t!ie .
. E!Tlpl·oyees··who.are not:.Granted·t -~~f .tp ;i: .,.. S.f;_~\~rlft.£.moran~u.m .employe.,es _.have ttie ·
. . ·sel{-Organit'ation: (1-A~-C.HANGES) ~....,, 1\/lt ~"5}jlgr~No,,.6 •. · un?er: s~i:ne.. rig_bt? 8$. _.t~ose ,
·· 1. Employees of lntematiohal organizations w1tif'."=~= P<f!~ .0f ~dm1rnstra_t!v~ .emptoye_es· .of pnv_ate.
. .immunities such 'as'. UN, . International·. Rice sa~c!ions fro_'!) -.~t~gmg co~por~tJ_ons_; :o.ne· .. pf · ,
Re.i,earch Institute; Inc:. and · .hitem.atiohal ."Stri~es; ~em_onstra~1o_ns, Wb_1ct) IS the·. r'.ght · to
Cattioli.C.. fvligration··. Com.mission . (lnterhatf.on_al. mass Jeaves, walkouts·. strike. ,
Catholfc J.mmlgr.~tipn(CQmmi~s/.on·v.· Calleja;_ ~n~ .. _0ther concerted
.' 'G:R:.,No: 8,5750, Septembet28, :1990); . . · · ~?bv1t1es .
. 2 .. .'Memb·i:frs '• of--· the .- Armed· Forces" Of :·the
Phili"ppines; includiflg j;°olice offi.cers, poilc~liien,.
'firE:nien ~ndJail gu.ards· (E.-0:_'N<?:. 18,0.. (!98.7):,. -·: .Co~poram:ins· •. · with· The: ·GOCC,. created ..
. _Sec. 4): . . ._ _ . ·· . · _. . '· .· . . · · . ·qriginaJ _chart~rs capnot- l'.lf1de.r · the· . Co_rpo'ratiori .
_:3.. Managt::n!"I e,f!lPl?y~es · : · . . • · · . · . ' .. · - .... b~main .- with · · the ·code, · being g~)Vemed.
. .._a. :Whos~ f~ri~~?ns are_:_aorrpa_llY_ consld,ere.d government· -con~ernil"lg l?Y the L~bor-'Code, can
· as. pol1~Y:1J;ak1~9 °.r ma.n_ag~na\ ., . · .. . . _the· con_ditions. of thei_r barg~in . .. with ··.... the.
b: -~hose dutie:3.ar7. O! ~ _highly c-onf1d~nt_ial r:,_r. employment:._ l'._Jow~ver: govEirnm1;1_iit.. conceming:
.. :h1g_hly. te_cbmcal in -oature (LAE30R CODE,· they can . negotiate· the terms.and ·conditions
· Ar! ~1.9); . . . · .- : ... , . . -(through :.-<:91lectiv~- of 'employment; ·,Thus,
4,_ ~onfi.~el)ti,al. employees who~~ positions. are. . negotiation· agreemer:it~ they h.ave . unlimited
hnked ._to labor. felatfons m~tters (N!etrolab or MOA} · with·, the bargaining rights..
Jndustnfls, lnq.. \/. Ro/dan-C~nfesor, G.R. No. government on· those ·
·1oaass,.fef;~iiaiy2a, 1fJ96);. _. · -~·-·------e---- ........--~---...,.--~
.,
98 I 2019 SAN
. BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERA trONS
:. . ~ . :
 · · . LA-BOR FtELAT1·o·Ns .
. ·. • ~AN Bf.DA LAW_ (;fNTJµ\UZED BAR OPERATIONS.-· M(M6RY~I.D2019 . . .
i .,, 111:11o•n15CM5f ' RIM!*'' lM±lf?3ffl.;;a,s,r.ua:m:iewa tae 11Ali?&HMAAH!4oia'GW
i¢iMU"!.:~· ~l,:t

tertns and conditions ·of Terms and ·. Cot:iditions ·. of Employm'ei-it in

employment· which are Government S1:rvi.ces . . . .
not fix,ed by: law, Thus, General Rule: The . terms and .conditions of
they . have·· · limited . employment" or ·improvements thereof may ·be the
barg~ining rights._. ' subject of negotiations . between duly recogniied
employees' org;mizations. and appropri'ate
governme_nt autborities.(E.O. Nb._ 180, Sec. 1.3):
~ii'. •

J; .· Eiception: Those_. .. terms ,ano conditions of

Can
t.
':£·
..
ohly fqrm: jc>in or. Can form, .join, ·O·~ assist
assist ; - . . ·lab<>r labor- organization .· for
cifganization . , ~cir purposes of: CBA, etc.
.. employment· ~hat" are. fixed by la,w :(E.O. No. 180,
Sec. 1.3). · · · · ;·
t:J>.. · puqSJ9ses ·not.contrary
law. ·
to . ·. · · · . . ; · · · .
· · ·
. Negotiable Terms . and Conditions· of··
Emp.loyn:ierit"incoecs with driglna°l."Charter:.
~: . .
1. · schedule of vacation and other ·,e~ves· ... · .
·. (2 AZIJCENA, supra ·at 25~:264)..
2 .. · Personh.e(growth and d~velop;,,ent; . ' .
. Fo~r!'"Jng,. · 'Jo.ini~g, -~r ··Assisting Employee's 3. Communication system> intemai (lateral and
}_._;,···_:·organization. . . vertical), external; ; . .. . .
, Gener.al.Ru.le: All government employees can form, .: 4.· · Work a~signment/r,eassi_gnment/d~tailitransfer;
i· join or assist employees' orqanlzatioris oftheir own.-,:,:;') 5.- Distributlon of work load; . .
, · chooslnq for._the furtherance and. protection· of .ft;reir· T:<L .. 6.. · Provlslon.for protection and safety; · ....
·

{ intere~ts._ They ca~ .alsi;,·_.forrn 1_.abor-.mar:iag~rr~.~({(.;;:} 7 .: · Provi~io!' .· for facilities for:' .handicapped
?-' · cornmlttoos. work oounctls. and ·0th.er .forms.;.1qL•.-:.~-,,••): .personnel; . ·
{i,-. W~rkefS'jiartlclpatlon schemes to .achleve the
1\ obJecttvesJEO. No .. 180;_ Sec.1). ·
~#f~,.• )~,I~~~~:~e.tovi~iOJ-;l'.\for -flrst aid, medical .services and .
. · .>;-"'. ',\::_;t)•;t:.!..:.!~~pp>h~~;.-~ ·· ·. · . · · ·.
·/ . . . .
E~ce~tions: -· .
. .
. . ·· ..
.. I_/;><
· ft'"- If ·
.1. High-level· employees · whose. fi;ftl'ctibns ,;at€!
·
4bJ'I; 9.. pnys;lca(fltnes&program;
1: 10. Prov!~.iq/{~%,o_r fami.ly ·p.lannh:ig services .for
~\ · marned'v!,lomen; · · '. ·
. .•

.
:

, \1orni.a!IY.. c,om;:idere-<;I . as. )i~iiS~~~E~·. _<>r·... }t 1 f ·Annu»1(.~jidit~l/ph~.ical·exam_iriatiori.:

maF)~gen:al.pr whose du,.\:sis,,ar~,pf-t a ~fiighly'\ l~!! · 12. ~ecy~a~9'1Jat,\_s~~1~l, , athletic , and_ · ·_ctilturaf
confidentlal r1ature._(E.O. W,t1i_t;1[!_Q!;~e,~.3); q{id.! .· ' ~~t _:a~~J~~-"l~°!:1~J:q:~f.!!'es;.. . .· , .. · · .. ·. .. ,
'. 2. · ME:l'.:'b~rs. · :<;>f th~·-. Arme9 · Fo~9~~,r;of~1~:':-- ;i :;;J 13. CN:4;1~~~tHl~!'l:'}1ursuantto -~SLMC-:Resolution .
P}.uhppm~s. 1_n~l_1;J.dm_g poliq,fo!Ji.S~:~:;A.91t~etu'an}:: l··f . N<_>:· 4~s..,.2002 and· Resolution No. 2, s. 200?;
firemen _andJa1J..guards (E:O:Np·>-1'80;. S'fic.. 4),l' · ~1'! : ... and, . . ·. ·· . : . ·· · . . .. · ·
. . · . . . . · , ·:. , · · . ,l " · )~;. f~.,_.,1-4,iSuctrother~ncerns Which are not prohibited by .
, N_ote: . ~iriployees of goYemmenr~eofp<ira:t~<?.IJS:.:..,.i~;:'.,;;:~;'." L~::t~r.i:dcsc mies a11d iegulatioqs (/RR _of E.0. .
incorporated . under · the <;;orpciratio~' (.°cqc1e/~na--~~~..,=No:;"1'88, · RuleXII, Sec. 2). . : . - · '. · ·
regj,steted. with ~E~ ar.e g~verned: B~....W.'!f)abor . .. . . . . .
Code not_ l:Jy._EO:No, 180 .(Bii~ l)evetopmf{[lt~~prp.. ·,:he Following Arr;. Considered Not Negotiabh~:
. Employees .Union· v: Hon:· Ca/[f!ja;". GR. No; S0.887, (SATO). · ·' · . ·· ·· ··
s_epf~mber_ 3(), ·:, !?94). . . . .· ·1·. ·. increases in· §alary;.·. · .
· 2-: . ·Al.low;mces;·· ...
. P.r~~~cii~n· ,~( th~ .Right to O~g~_ni~~: .(tlD~ . ·· ·. 3; ·· !ravel expens.es;·and· . ,
. 4. · Other benefits·fh_at are. spe9ifically provided oy .
1. : Thein3inployjnent_-shall nq~·pe. s·u.bject to the
~opdit!on.· ~hat· tfteY· shall norJoin · or :stiaiJ' · ... lav-.t_(IRR ofE.O. No. 180; f?_uleX/1,Seci~),:
. .I • .• •
. · . .~ •

. r~!inq1,1i,sh.tne.ir m_enib~rst\ip jri .th.e employees'· . ·-

·orgarii:z:ations(EO. No. '180, Sec.,. 5). · ' : In sum. gov.emrnentEfmploye~s.covere·<;iby No. E.O:
2 ... <3overn'i:nentaµthdri.ties·shall not Interfere in-the 180 may, organize,. even unionize;· ·and negotiate
' esti:Jblishme.nt, f~·ncti_oni_ng or :administr.atiori.·of. eniploxm~nt conditions' riot !fixed ·p.y law bu~ .·they.
: ··goyeninie_nt_·employees'.org;mizatipns··throl!gh . _.can~o\ strike (2 A_Z.UCE_NA, supra- at 264). . ·
: ~ct_s desi_gned_to.pla.ce.suyh p~gan_izat_innsunder .·.
:.the control .of government aut_hority':(E:.0: No. REGISTRATION. OF EMP!,..OYEES'
. ORGANIZATION ..
~_;_{_:.. · . 180, ·Sec: 6).. . . . . .
. -" 3 .. · Government · ··employees · ·.sha1r. not be y\jhe"r~·to Regi.ster.
iY . Q.iscrirytin~ted . ag·afhst by . i'~ason .. of their Go\lernmeot·e_mployees'.o~ganizatfons shall· register.
f,c, . . _membership in emplciy.ees' organizations or .. with: · .· .· · · · ·
par:tic;:ij:)ation in the normal .activities of' their · 1.. The, c;ivil Sei:vice Comn)ission; an_d·· ..
'organization·(~.O, Ne;>. 180, Se_c. 5). '. '. ·.2. ·DOLE . .

2~19 SAN !3EDA LAW ci:=NtRAUZE;DE}AR OPERATIONS I 99

 . .LABOR 'RE.LATl,QNS .
', 6AN BEDA l:AW'CEN'fR!,Ciz~o BAR OPE8ATIONS - ME'MORY,AIO i/019
AAA : , . . 4 A .~ I W eewi+slHIU'..&t• , aeaw,e&P&aes1ubsYnt-:~
The appflcanon shall be filed with the BLR; which . Manag~rial Employees: 'Labor .$tanaards v.
shall· process the 'same in 'accordance with the · Labor Relations
. provlslons of LaBor Code.

·ARTICl,..E;255: ~NELIGl~ILITY OF,MANAGERI.AL.

EMt:>L.OY~ES· .. TQ . - JOIN .. ANY'. LABOR )
ORGA~IZATION;.~RIG.HT ·.OF·_: SUPERVISORY. . .
EMPLOYEES·. . . .. . - · - .
1. .: Manageri~I Employees.:· a·re: . those 'who . are.·
.. vested with powei'$.O(prerpgatiVeSto.lay 'dowA
and. execute management policies -and/or. to..
. . hire, transfer,suspend, lay-off, recall, discharge;
assign or. disclpline employees (L:A80k ·CODE,
.' . Art .. ~19(in)).

100 1 · :2019 SAN BED~ tAW CENTRALliEa aiR OPERATIONS.·:

 ·LA.BOR R·ELATION.S
-SAN BEDA,LAW. CENfRAuzio BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY A10.-:1.019
·-30 MM PiiiffMdWWPMWW ipN ROPMa+SiiktWW fflt#Z,~/./J,:~·l.'1"J~;
~·:. .. . .
,,r··.Typ~s of ManaQerial Employee!;>:.. . . By the very.·natlire of their functions.ithey
·· a. First-Line '. Managers (often celled a. Assist and act in a confidential capacity; and
. . supervisors) - direct the operation of b. Formulate, . determine,· and effectuate
employees.only and donot supervise other m_anagement policies in the ~eld of labor
. managers· . (e.g.'· toremen. production relatlons.. . · ·
supervisorin a mamffacturing plant);.· The 2 criteria. are· cumulative, and both rnust be
b'. Middle Managers - direct the activities of met ·if an employee is· to be considered a
· other ·. managers .. · aric;l .. ·· _-also . 9p~rating confidential employee - that is, tlie confidential
. . employees ·(~.g. _ plant manager m.. an relationship must exlst between · the ·e.mployee.
electronfc firm); and .- · . · · • . and· his supervisor, arid the· supervisor 'must .. ·
c. Top: Manag_~rs .: Responsible for the over- handle the prescribed responsibilities relating {o ·
. 1al) rnanaoement.ottne orqanizatten (e.g .. labor reiations. As such, the rationale behindthe- .
.. · ·CEO, president,.SVF').·
'.: . •' ..
· · of
ineligibility· managerial .ernployees.. to form,
asslst or jo_in a iabcr union equ~IJY' applies to
· · · 'Amonq tha 3 tY.pes, only the 1 st-!j_ne nia,nagers them (San Miguel Corp. v. Laguesma, G.R. No.
· :.9r. supervisors 2an [oin, assist or_ form ,U.n_ion (2 · ·.11_0399, August -15, -1997). . . . . ·.
· . ff~{!CENA,.supra at?6~-270). · "; ·
. Under.the Doctrtne of Necessary Implication,
2. · supervi~ory en{p1oyee·s'a(e.-thase"'-,;,ho.in the. what is implied in .a ·?tatute- is ,is much a part
x- · ·· interest of the 'employer, _effeCti'.'.ely r~c'6m'mer:id,>;':i .. · thereof·· as · that wlik:h . is expr~sse.d · t!"ius;
"· · .. such manageri?I actiol')s if the exercise of s1.teJ,i·.- /;) ·confidentlal'employees an:i'similarly disqualified - ·
. authority· . . · .,1s . . not·· · · . merely · I ro//.: \ · ' (National Assoc .. of. Trade Unions-Republic· ·
. 1;1t!nary_or_ c_le_rjcal_in natµ'ie but require_s:the~~sf;:t_::~·;r:'.) .. P!anters _f!ank_ Supe,rvisors ChE!pter _v. 1(?rrf!S!
: of independ~nt judgment .(t.ABOFZ <;JODE, 'fJff;.,:'· ····r. 0--:"'1-/3_:f:· No..JJ3_4~8,Dec_em~~r?9,·.19_9.1)· _Althqug'h
2_19(f1?)). • · · .. ·-.
. . . . . .· ·:. . . . . ... . ·. >?;;;:'' . . :"'
·. Saperv1sory Employees .May F.ormt~s;;lst, Joln,~:,,-q ·
. • · .., ·//
tr ·
!Ji':J:'i' ...-"1'...:_:;:~lJ.4~!~,~5~ h1TI1ts the 1n.ehs;i1b1l.1ty to Jq1n,_form a~d,
ass1st-:-aJ:i~'. _l~b?r.. orgal')1Zat1on_· to man,ag·en?I
etnployiE!f~ Jurisprudence has . extended this
. a Labo( O.rganiza_.tlon_ ~- : : ., · ·: j'~\/J.::... , ,,. )~·""."'!:'\ prohib~loq .t5>· confid~r:!_tial e~_ployees.. cir )hos·e
Sup·el".!1sory:employees. m~_Y form : ~~J~St)~~~1Jo1i;i.!=l. fJ who ~y ~~a~o.n, of their _p_os1t1ons._or. !'latur'~.. qf ·
.la~ot.,:o!garnzatior'l qn :their ;owlil~..and no.yviUJ:r fh~-0. wor1<jfuretteq~ire_d_t9_ass!st_or-act in a.fid.uc1~ry ·
1,.\
rank-and-file ~~ployees· (!-ABJ).~O~!t3r:t·. 255);'. '>! !': ".1 m_!I_O.:l~~!.l?_T;.i:.~~Q~nal e_mp.lo~7es. ;:i~d,. h~nce,.
·.· . ·.· · . · .. -~~V,' :=:..-·'L;.~ ·-~~ 1-· ·f:.1 ar~~,lift~W1,~e,~·P!:JW ·to· sens1t1ve_ and highly.
. Note:·lt.is-the nature of the emplb.yee'~f£JT;1iH9n_saf.itfJ .,-! confideo!J~L\!ecords(Metro/ab .Industries; Inc .. .v. ·
not ..the, nomenclature or title yiveri;'Jn~ti(s1919-whic.f;{ · · 11,/ Roli:J<'!n:Confesor. G.R. Nb.· 1088~5, February, ,
_determin~~-. whether' hf:;'. h~~ 'a. :·rtrb_~\ <,1nd/)ile'.'tir. r.:.,1...,.,,.,28;'1996). . ·.. . . . ·. ,•. ·.. . . .
. managenal ·staJµ;; (Engme.ef!n.g 'Eqµ1prneati.,.Jnc .. v. ,,_,,,,.,, , ,-·~ · ·. · · . ·· .· . . ..
NJ,.RC, G,.R: No. 'L-59221, December i9f1.984),.,;,~:::'~.'"·'.A..;',Ne.t~he phrase "fn the field oflabot re)~tioni;• .
. · · .· . : ·:.: · . . .. . . ' ·.
The rank·~md-f1le· union .arid. the _sup~rvilsor~ni~m .
\{'I...
• a .,.. qv_ ; . ,' . me.ntion_ed.-in tM 2nrl . criteria· is ·;~~orta_flt.. I! ..
. · s!res~s laQor nexus,. 1:e .. · confident1ahty of the ·.
·_opera.t,ng. :Wi.thin tne same establisti'rneiitmay join . . . position is .relatec:J. or. linked fq l~bor 'relalions .
. the l,am:Ef federation. or ·fiati~maf ·union. (LABOR. .··:·matters.' :" . .
C_ODE; Art.. 255):· ' . . . . · : ... : .
. ·' . Access to information which is -regarded· by the
f ·
{
3.·. :CQnfidential"Empfoye~s ;assist and 'act l~~a·
. . ·Confidential , · Gapacily; . .'or·. ·have.· acc~SS to .·
employer to . bi3' confidential from. the busines.s''
standpoint, "such as financlal information · :o'r-
,) · confidential. matte.r's of; pers'ons wh9 .exercise·. technical. trade. 'secrets,' wil(:· not render an .
k. . . ,'manag'efiaj functions _iii the fielci . of.. labor- employee a confidential employe,e (San, Miguel
-,·r: · · · relations. As ·such, .'the rationale behind' the. . Corp. Supervisors. · and Exempt <Union . v:
x.·:. • ''.in~ljgibility .. pf managerial e{riplo'y~es 'to, form, ... Lequesme,
. . . . .. . . .
(3.R.-No, ·11039,9; Aligi.Jst 15,· 1997).
. . .
. a!;°sist or join ·a.'laboi unjoi, ·equally' applie.s· to . . .. ,
t . tt:ie'm {Philips. ''Industrial. D~ve/oprri_ent, ')f?C: v: '. Every .mariaqerial . ·.position. : is confidential' ·
g·
t:"- . .· ·. NLRC;.G.R. .No. 88957, . . : . June 25; ; 1992)..
... . . because ~>ne does not become a. rnanaqer .
. . . . without. having, gained. 'the 'confid_en~~ of the
f-•,· .·_. Cp.nfide~tiaJ : employ~e; :,~re·~ lhos~ -who. by· ·.
r1;3ason o( the.ir -position.s .or natur~f of. work are
.. appointinq authority. But not 'every -,c'.Qnfidential
employee is ·. manaqerlat, -he·· may . be . .a

I
··
::- .

J;:_
require(j to a.ss'ist or act in··~ fi~uciary manner fo__ ..
· manageri~I employees aJ)d h'el'.)ce, are .likewise
'privy'to sensitive and:highly confidential· recbrds
.supervtscry or even a rank-and-file employe~:(2
AZUCENA, supra at 28?). . .· · ··
!f~.
i;._ . ·(Metro/ab · ln'dqs_tries, Inc: . _v. RoIdan- C .
. onfesdr, \ ..
B: G.R. Ng. 108855, Febru_ary 2(J;: 1996)-· ·. . .
ti,'
is .

1: 2019·SAN BEDA'LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I 101 ·

 seru
. 1MiMH# Z
. #WNFAA HIMW

LABOR - RELATIO . NS·

SA~ ~EDA LAvV:aNrnAuzw BAR oPEFI__AnoNs - ·ME:MoR.YAJo .20,9 .

Eligibility .· of ·Foreigners to . · J_oin· · Labor

Orga·ni:za~ion(PrinciJjte .of Reciprocity)
Aliens· working in. the country wlt!J .valid permits
issued by DO!-E may exercise .the r_ight to self-·
organization and join or asslst labor organizations of :TIT.LE. SIX: UNFAIR-LABOR
·. . . . . . PRACTICES ... .. ·
their ' own . choosing for purposes of collective
· bargaining; provided, that -said aliens ii're nationals Cl:tAPTER I_: CONCE;PT.
Of a country ,WIJiCh grants.~he same orslmllar rights ·ARTIC.LE 258: · co~CEPT OF · UNFAIR LABO~
to Filipino-workers _(LABOR CODE, Arl. 284). PRACT.ICE AND . :PROC.EDURE- FOR. THE.
, ..- PROSECUTION THEREOF . .
·ReUgious·Object9rs . . Nature of Unfair Labcfr Practlcea: (12C3U)
·"('he-rfght of the members of the ·Iglesia. ni Kristo sect 1. · Are [nlrnlcal to .the legitimate interests of both
· not to [oth a labor .unicn .for being· contrary to their . labor and manaqernent, inclycHng 'their right .to
relig[oLj_s-.b~)[efs does not par 'members of that sect" bargain. collectivE;IY., and otherwise ideal. with· ·
. · from fmmi_ng· their '.own union. ttie recoqnition-of the · each oth~r.. in .an atmosphere of freedom arid
·. tenets orth·at-sect.'should notlnfrlnqe' on the basic: mutual.respect; ·. · ·
· · · rig_ht to seiforganization grantediby ~h~- Ccins~!ut~on 2. Dlsrupt [ndustrlal peace; . > .. ,
to woTker.s .reqardless . of_ . reliqious , afflhat,<:>n . . 3.: . £riminal"nffe_nses~againstthe State; .,
(Kapf.lt1ron· sa Me_at and Can(lmg v. Ferrer-Call~._sl.===---=.=-4.,_,,, __y101ation· 'of .£ivil rights of both labor. and
..
G.R. No -, 82914, June. 20, 1988).
.
. . _,,,::.~
. ,,;::,'J" ·.
..,-r · .,,- 'h
u J l~ l ~ .,,., .· '
··"-ma-na.g·
ernent: · .
.
- .
.
.: · .
. · ..- :_. · .. •· : · .... £"a, . ~--. . ~ . .!.5:v -~~late"tl:t,~ £onstitotional.. right of workers and
In fa_~t, th~yca_n ~ote:fo~ No-Urnon../A '.3:.fe~-~~i~~=-:=-=--...,,_.. ._~Pb9,Y!31;!.tti self-frganization; anq_ · _ · .· · .
_elecb<?n. "' the exercise- ~f ~~1~~Q9fit.-:,-"<Psel!~_.,..,...,...,,.,p. Cr~~)e§.-d!!rwti;1):>le 1.abor-man_agetnent·relations
_organi~allon (Reyes v. ~ra1an95/3.ftJ;!J"':~.§_.M88;·--j'.(: - ·"'-(li:4.f.10..~;_c_df:t"i=~Art. ·258) .... ·: , .· · -. .
June2,.1992) .. · .. ·ji'£.)"''\·,f/· ,, ·:· 11l' }1',. ·ir. ~- ,-,{Q.\ .' · ·, . · · ·. ·
. .· · · .:' . ·,· ":Vil . .U J.!.. Jtit" ,i:,)emeri· s ot~r(fai_rJ}~bo_r"Practice_: ·. ·
ARJ'ICLE, 2!.'!6:· · EFFECT /qi:: IN,CLUSJ~~ AS . .1.fif ~l~...SP:!.B b'}:'er-~~Rtbie&relationship betwee'n the
... MEJVIB~_RS OF. EMPL01E:_,,~~p·g)UTSlt_E T~'L_ T~[;·. . . offerJ'.der~n~ t!¥L~ff~nded;an~· . ·. ..
·BA~~AIN_l~G-UNJT_. u· . .'~. :
· . }{ ,..-~ \1;~. /.' 111 ~~ct~one 1sjxpr~~S\¥ defiried m the c_ode.as an
·. The. 111clu~19n .a~ -.~mon. ·rv-~2Re~S'·of,- e"1ploy~~~m'.:m:U2:y{~ ac~,!:l unfair ;il:'rQ.np1actice(2 AZ_UCENA, ·supra.
· 01Jt$1qe the:.b.ar~ainmg urn.t ~\1:i~Jl-',~oib~~~~j~~--,.,,.-Q[.2',Q,, : ,.- . ·. ..11 ~ • • • ' ••
. _the c_anc;;~)Ja~1?n of thE} r!g1s.~at1op'f{ t/le\~~~\
" empJoyees are. autor:nat1ea11yi:de~me~re~~fo.<tf!.P~ 1-2~1;01~~-.
s,,a~ 1-?t, .
! /{",.:I,.··: · J~f.k · · . ·
••• •

1b1!ic:! ac;t!f ~re-all r~lat_ed to_-the.workers'

. . .
••
I.
I
!
. the I.1st ~f membership of sa1d\1rnon (}i~aO~J.;>~ ·. :t ·
'--'s,el: •!Jan,_zaticinal··-.n~Kt. ar:io ihe <?b.~t:rvance. of, a ·:
· l\rt..25~): .
.' ....,. .
.
· .. ·
. . -'\: . . "'~· . ,t~~
. '
.. d- ~7~.x~e~t.:.:~·~~9({) ... of ·_th~ Lab?r : c_O?e; ·
. ~ .. ·.(§.cv;:;-,:c,,J1~~SSIO~O~ preJ}IOIClng,an employe·e. .for Q1Vln_9 ..
Re~~c;,~: ),\~er. a; certifica_te ~f reQ1~a~io~1,r:i~~~~~e'~-t~s~m.0:{y 'l;JJlie'~Afle Code (2 AZUCENA_, supra at
to a un10n;·1ts l~al p~rsonahty canJ:10\bC;!._~bJ~~.no:-,:,-..:.-,,,:=--"";2{9A'i:.-\,.1~./ . . . . -· · · · .
a. collateral attack. It, rnc1Y be .questio"a~ct,.onfyA,Ja a· "h ..;r />., ~~ 'i~ r. ·. . . · · . . · · · ··. . · · . ·
· petitior:i·fo·t ~ricelf~tion, under th_e.gr_oundsp"99,12~~---JJh.J.~e._m_e~n_cipl~~-o~UL~·:· . . · . . :
. for in_ A_rt, 217 (Tagaytay Highlai:Jc/s· 1rit'L Golf Cltib~--=-:4·· Jr·1s · a -rr?ctic~ unf~1r .to la.bor;._ alt!1ough th~ .
. ·.· fnr;. v.. T.agaytay Higt:,lands __ Emp_loyees: 1../nii;m, G."R.. off~n~e~ ~-ay-e,_ther .I:>~ an employer .Qr. a_·labor _·
No..: 142000,. J.~nuary 22, · 2003) .. · . · . oma_n,z~~?~ (~ AZUG_ENA,._supra at'29_8);_ _. _... _ ·
. . , , ·. · : .. · .. . . -2: · ·. The prohibited acts are related to the worker.s
. . ARTiCLE: 257:·: .NON-ABRiDGEMENT ·oi:: 'THE ' · .. right_ to ·self-<;>rg'anizatii:in·~ric!to the ·abs.eiva"r1ce
· ·-RlGHt'To. SELF:- ORGANIZATlor·i . . . of the CB.A. Wi.thoutthat ~lern_ent; tbe ~c_fs.• even .
it .shali be'·unlawful-for ariy person to~ (RCDI) : if UQfair·, ar~ not:u.nfak labor practices (Gerie(al
1 .. · Restrain; ·· · · · · · · · Santo~ ,_Copa-Cofa.Plant Fretf!, yvork_ers Union; .
'2;·'. Coerce;.: . TupMf.Cqqa-.Cola ~o_ttfers PHL, Jnc.:-(General
.- 3. · Qi~crimlnate:against;·oi- · .. . . · : , Santos· .Qity,-'.' G.R.,, N9. -'17;8647,. -F,e_brua;y 13, ·
4;· Un.duly !nterfere with·emplc,>yees. and workers.in··'. · · 2009); · ,. · .- .. ·. ._ , · · . · ·.· ..: . · · · ·..
·. : . ·their.· exercise·. of tli_e right·. to pelf-organii::ati_on . 3_. It corpmonly- conno!es ~riti-unio_nisr_n;_ : . · ·. · .
(LABOR COD{=, Arl- 258)_.· 4:. UL~ ~.as· a: teqhrnc~I meahmg. _vy1thO(!l acts
· · ·· .. _ ·opposed ~o·workers' nght to organize, .no matter
·: Note: Any a9t Intended to \yeaker:i or defe.at the rjght ·how. unf~jr, .is not Ul,P as legaily deflhed · (2
· is regarqed- by "law as· an· offense; .which is call~d. · ·. ·. A.ZUCENA,-s~P,ra·.af 300); and . . · . ·. . · ·
"unfair -labor practice~ (ULP) (tAZUCENA, supra.at 5. it refer~ lo gross vi9lation of CBA p(qvisi.ons.
298). · · Gross- means the act-is a}nalidous and flagrant·
. . "refusal to. comply"with. the _eco_nG>mic provisions':
.of.the CBA (LABOR CODE; Art, 274): ..

102 f 2019 SAN s·EDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 · ,__ ~LABoR RE*i:~AT.10-~s ·.
SAN,BEDA I.AW"CE:NTRALl?ED"BAROPE.RATIONS-·ME:MORY AID 20,"9
meat P6'l §WWISQ4Y !l:IIMf M ¥Mi4Btlitffiol&IA4 I fidWSS¥bWf¥ ritM 5 ii 1 EH£\ # iii biACte 111:nu' uc.c.,<;,:.,c.:;,a
c.t.

Note: If the violations are not gro.ss, it shall no longer . CHAPTER II. UNFAIR l,.ABOR PRACTICES'(ULP)
be· treated as ULP and shall be· resolved as OF EM Pt.:OY~RS · · ..
grievances under the CBA (LABOR CODE, Art.
·2~.. . ·. ..· . ·ARTICLE-259~ lJNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE o'F
T_HE EMPLOYER _ .
~LP case}, are not, in view of the public tntere·st The .following are the ULP of Employers:
involved; subject lo compromise. The relation (DIY~PaVi2~DisCo2)
between capltat and labor are not merely contractual -~: _ .Qiscriminatf9n· t For . or. Against l,l_riion
but are impressed. with public interest that'(CLJ_C
labor" .. Membership; .

r>- . ·
0

f. contracts must yield 1o the .eommon good · 2. lnterterenc;e; · ·

;· E.G. Gochenqco Workers Unionv. NLRC,.-G.R.-No. i . yellow Dog Condition;'
L-67158, May 30, 1988) .... ·. . . .. . . : 4. f_aid Negotiation . .
5. Ylolatiori ofDuty-to B~rgaihi
However, in another decision, the SC approved a· · . . 6. ·. ¥iqlation of C!3A; - . . . . . · ·.
f· <compromise agreeC'T_lent finally settling an-. "mega I .
.!-: ·: Qiscrimlnation_.Because·of Testimony;
strike -case. It said that while the Court does ·not 8. &,ontraciing Out;·:,ind - -· . -
abandon the rule thatunfair Iabor.practice acts-are .: ·
beyond and outside the sphere bf compromises, the.
s:·-
.
Q.ompany Unionism. (LABOR CODE, Art. 259).
~ . .
agreement herein ·-1as-vol1,mtarily entered into and , · ·,
· · · 1.. Discrimination· with regard to wa·ges, hours of
represents __a reasonable settlement, thusit binds the -"" ·. k d th t d ·
parties (Reformist Unibn of R,B. Liner, Inc, \t. NLRC,.r·-~;;f . ,wor ' . an o er . erms an . conditions of
G.R. No. 12o4a2 January·27 1997:) ... . !JI.--//''). employment _in:· order". to · encouraqe or
_ •• _
1
• _· •• •1 - : . , :(. · .. :_
1
• •_ ,_ • {;;i;f(, '.:.'.:\ -discouraqe membership in · any labor
A Ul.:P. charge allegec;:lly cornrnltted-durlnq a. g~v.eofP !>:·' · ·. orqanization (LABOR-,_C.ODE, Art. 259(e)). .
peti_oa_· _of time should 1n.ch.Jde -all -acts .£?f C1\ · • : ; ,,l)i(;r.t;•;-;l~i.· .
· ... , I

COr(l'~ctt~d against any and all mem~rs'.oft~~).Jnfo\.t\,Jt(...,..:::.._ • .,..J,i,f~~w.ute _.an ~nfair labor .PTf:!Ctic~, .the
durjng that period :::- no splitting·. of ca~~-a~t.·.action •, ~i · . . dis?rll'.11!n,~~on com0m.1tted by ·the employer must
(Dione/a v, CIR G.R. No. L~18334'··.-A1.1gust 31/:-, , .be en re:garcl to the hire or tenure of emptoyrnent
..1963}.. .- ' · ·' · · · ·,. · . 1t\ · · J:\,
?r. an¥;Jt~ri\ and co.nditi9n of .employment to ,;---~--i_\
· · _ ., /./. ·f,:-:W?. t) .' _-. encoulia~f- o~'d.i$tourage membership .in-·.arfy
· -?lvil"Ca'se_ o_f UL_P· v ·~ Cti~m,.~tcase~!'~P _· ;~ i '.{!'1\ . . . l::~f t?Mn~~~~.(~A?~<?~N~,~supra'"B,~ ~37J.-.
,; rJ . ·
-,:~-~i~n~Jlq~~fpl}enefi\s_ or pnvileges g1v~n to
:·: I:. ;J,
· one ·cS','.:n9JJ.,given · to the other, under· similar or
. _ .. _ . • . . .. _ . If • , • :·. ?:/ . . . ·
ideoti~al conditions ~hen directed t'? er:icol,jrag'e
. L· · ?ffi,cers· _an~ _1 ..:,~~'~nts 5'nH,vy-"~9·_~,~!f~rs... · tJf7:;;:.;i~r .. d.1s~qurage urno~ . memberst)cp -_(LABOR·
. agents . _ . of _pa(tic_,8~ted 9q1ti;!J;ior-1z~d -. ,.-.,-;_, ,:~_.:'?-\.f~ ,.<?f/Jl?ft Art._259(e)). : : . . · .
em_ployer;· Or. . '. . ·or ratcfced the 8,Cf' :and /j) r" ~--.:..-..t~.'t-~~ I . . . . ' •·
.:r. · . · .
.Labor . 2. Agents, repre~~nta}l.'{e( . Ois_criminatlon occ.urs · when . a uniqn ·member;
or!;lahizalion, <?fficers IT)embers .of.Jhe :~~t:,)
· · i~volved !n onion. activity, ·1s treated differe.ntly,
_and· 'f:lgents. (LABOR -gqverr.l"ment boara, · . ·. · .- _. from a n.~.i;i;u_ni?n.wo_t~E:!r""(2 JlZU(?ENA, supra·at
CODE/Ari,.304). · in~lu.di_ng ordinc;i6' · - . · · 338). . . · : · . · ·. . · · :'.
·. :.. . .- · ·:';- members.(LABqR,CODE, .·
· . . Art_. 304 & !Ar{.· 260f~ . · · _· _- E>iseriminatlon Dis~inguishe-d f~om cia~sifl~ati'on
While discrlmination.-·is co'nsidered an ·unfair labor·.··
. practi.ce;:. Gl~ssiflci:l_tiQn '·iS- 'not .:because ·.jt'. .merely_· .
~lfferentiates the employees· in accotdance with tf'leir · ..
. . respectiye _jobs a~d :accords .them. th·e "appropriati"
.. _ levels ?f
pay or b~nefits due _them _by reason thereof. . ·
. · (2 AZUCENA;.supra at-337)/ ·. · · .. ·. ·· ...
. .· •' . .·

B.eyor1cl . ra'asoh~ble ·,dciubf

. Dlscr:imin~tiori Foi · :
pr A9ainst · Union
Members.h!P . . . ·
(sui:ije9l to. prosecl:Jtio_['J .and
. . ,· . . . pl,Jnishrnent) · · ·
,:est of Dis~ri~inati9.n: Wh~n_ f~e ·dischc;1rg-~- ·a:n. of
employee yvas motivated by his involyeme.r:it-with the··.
~-- . union. Such- inference must be based on 'evid.ence
direc_t o'r ci_rcumstaf!\ial, not upon ·niere
suspicion (2
r~ : · .. On·e. - year . from _.the'" On·e .year from the ac,;:rui;il a'f .. · . .AZUCENA,.supra at 342-344). ·. .
ai.. . accl'~ai 9f. the ULP' the ULP act {LABOR CODE,
} .a~f (f.:.P,BOR_ QObE,. .Art. 305). '· · . · ·
Art."·305): .. ·· . . ·. .

··20l9 SAN B~DA .LAW CENT~ALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I 103

 UfiM PMC#f-M ti ,,
'*' ""
LABOR
I.AW.
. SAN BEDA
RE.LATIONS
CE_NTRALIZEDBAR. Of?f.RATl9NS ~ MEMORYAlb 2019
t,e,,aa ti( Wiilii ·b;-asiHNKfbftiii#SAMBIM#·N49PEHWill

Valid Discrimination ·Exceptions: (M.ERC)

Union. Security Clause/ Security Arra.ngements·.: i. Member.s of minority unions;
stipulations in the CBA requiring mem!Jership .in the ii. .l;_mployees expressly. excluded' by CBA ·
contracting ·union as a con~lit(on for erppfoyment or stipulation·s; ·
retention o( employment i.n · the . company (2 iii. Religious objectors; an~ ...
AZUCENA"at345). . . . . iv.. ..£Ohfidential. ef!1pl9yees •(2 AZUCENA,
supra al 356-357).
Note: In terminating the employment of an
employee .
by ento·rcing the. l;!nipn security_clause, the. employer . Any dqubt. must be resolved agaii;istthe existence of·
only n'eeds to detarmineand prove that: (ARED) a: clo~ed-stiop ·agreement "(2'AZUCENA, supra at
a. · The unlonsecudty clause i,S·_8pplicable;. _ . 354).- . .
b. The.unlen i~.Requesting for the enforcement'
of the union security provision of th¢ CBA; : b. · Union.Shop Agreement
c. There is sufficient !;vidence. to support· the · . Non-members may · te hired : but to· retain
· unlon'sdectslon to expel the· employee. from employment, they musrbecorne unlcn-members
the unlonr and . . . . . . . . after a ·certain period: The requirement ~pj)lies
9. Thlf · employer must comply .. wit~ Que · lei present and future employees·(2 AZUCENA, . ·
: precess;" . . . . . . . supra·at:.346),. . ~ . . . .
· i. .Notify... the employees . tha_t ... t~_r:~..,=--..:S • .. Preferential' Shop Ag.r'eerrient is an ·agreeme~t
· .. di~missal is being r~quest~;.:,,bJ'''lhe.1i 1 .i ~,, .wt:i~E;bY the ·e~j::iloyer· 111e~ely aqrees. to .9!ve
.. · union; and · · . · · · . ,;JP' · :J~~ . ·\\_;) .1-"tJ. p~~ter,,~~e:t<?the me_mbers_ ?f. the-bar~ammg
11.. The employees: ~x_plan_,!5ifa",eJhe~~.!9-.==J,,,,,,,_~~-~fll~l))'~;h_~~· promotion or flllnq va?anc1es and
- (Ala bang Co(!ntry C:')fb,/'l.nc:'i"!\t.'.j:Vl!RC,. . ~1'e.t~n't1on JP.,~o1se of Jay-off._The employer has the
· . '. . G.R: No'. _1'70287, ~fi:_~~w~t~Q.8}!:':'"'""-"cir"-.,,.~Q~~"a<.!iire irorri . the ~pen·. market . if unlon
. · .· · · · . _ .:· _.l.;rl~ /-_t · 1f,i 'i\." ~,_ir _.meil'b~r?-3tl;l.~,ot available ._(ALCAJlfTA~A,
Nqt_~iths.tar:iding Jhe fact t~c;ijfth~t1J{rn1_:=;s<j!I was .ID J!_})t:1. Rev{ewervf, ~a~or.: ~ind Socmi· Leg1slat!bn,
the 1ostan_c~ of the federat1q~~i:i-~:tJ?at_1~ ~~ert_ook ; -~ _J~f!l.),_p, V.:€Jf{fl.etem9tter:4u;;~~TARAJ:
. to hold; the-~ompany free fr!il~J3JitY,j1ab1lt~Y.·re5!!'.~~ . a.~~ ~g~~cy Sh9~Wrrement ~r Maintenance of
fro"! such dlsrnissal, the c0Cn1>aflyjj,,.ay,s~1~ be~n~q--;::, t,(7°$_;-'fre~.sury ~floJ) 1~ an _agreement wher.~by
llable'If it was remiss in. its dj.Jty_.,,tp~~'ccord.tHewoiJlEI(, "' m,:;;1B emijfoye_esmtlst.Ji\!}er join -the union ·or pay to
be dismissed employees tti;~fr'llig~lto"~ei:M~~.:.~};>n~~~e/}»i9)\a~.e~c!~~ve:'bar.gaining agent a sum
the_ . _matter (Malayang $~m~ry~,tiam.,,'";~~\ mJJ-~ij_. . ')f'rt e;i JIJo·thaj' ~al<f,1!>}1 th,ernember~f2 A,ZµCENA,
Manggagawa ·s.a.. M.Greenfi~/d," .fl. _~am s,:)it-,~l.~ , .f.~1~A -~lat·3j6J·: ~ /! · ·. · ·. . -
'G.R, No. _113907; february 28.,i. ~aoo)'t.:. ,_. · ;0<..P.'"~:'.-'s:l . · '·VA~).?'- . i!. ·: if:-_ · . ·· :
. _ , : - ' \:. , '-\~ . . ~-~~./-~?f1J.ote: ·,&1itl1s· 1~·-f.oireote9 agarns.t "free nder"
Different Kin.ds"of Union Secu~~ Arr.~11.ge e6J.s't~r:J;'tnaJ,o/ees·w!).'o,beoefit from ·union activities ·
E>;ceptions to ULP. ;· on lnteif~rence=':'t:}fl..,, h'e:.:..:£l.:!-'~:-::~rt~o~4>n.,.,tfibu\jng supp.ort to the'.. union, ·to .
Employees' ··Right .to Self-Organi.ia!io1:1?'@l:.lf;'A~-""·pt~~~t. f'VsJfuation of non-union members .
BEM2) _ · . .. . ·· · . . . '.~;;: ()}. . j\.j« A..1:e.i)1jt~-ef- themse(ve.s a~ the expen.se of union-·.
: . a: ,£l~sed-Sh.?P Agreement
b. .Y,rnpnShop Agreement , .. ·
..... ~~~-. .i. v.,;.!'--· .
-==~
·
~etii_bers (lq.).
. '..· • - · .·
. -· ·
c.. Rrefer.ential Shop Agreement . . .. ·Empl,oyeeamember~ of ·another/rival. ~nion- ·are
d.: ·._8genc,:y Shop ,Agreem·~nt.or.fy.1~_intenance·of· not.considered free.rid.ers since wt'fen the onion
. : Trec:isµryShop.·. . · · . . . · . . ·: . (agent)° .bigs ·to be: :the· :1:>tirgainfng:' agent,, if
e:· ~ar'gain_ing.forMerribers Only·. voluntarily ··assumed· tht} ;_ Tespons.ib.ility. ·of·
t' .§xclusive.. Bargc)ining Shop ·. . . ~eprese.n_fing ·'i:111 :.. t~e° . erriploye.es :· in . the··
_..g, · . M~int~_nance .. · of . ·. M:e.rnbership ·?hop: . appropiiate·l:l1:1rgaining unit (National Brewery &
. : ·Agreen,ent;_ and_> . . ' . . Allied'lndu:;;tiies-LaborUnioi1of the PHL v..· San
h. · Modified Union Shop_ (2 AZUGENA, supra at.· . , JA.igue{B.r~Wery/he:, GJ~: Ng. L-18170, August
. 346). . ·31,-· 1"9.63)0'- . . .

. · ·a. : Closed-Shti_p.Agreerrier:it". _. . · · :: ·. e.. Barg.aining f~r ).nembers Only provides that .

.. It is an agreen:ierit.whereby a.n em.ployel binds · the uniori is reco'gniz.ed·as the bargaining agent"
·• himself.to hire only members of the· contrading . ·. · · onlyfor its own membe(S (2AZUCENA,supra at .
: . _.unl<;>n, Whc;> must-c;pntinue . .fo remairi:f.nem~ers iri 346}. . . . · , . . . .. · . . . , . .. · , .
· gqod ·standing to.keep. their jqbs· (2A?U.CENA, ·.(· . Exdusiy'e· Bargairiin_g. Sl)op. provides ·that the
. supr_a at 347). ·. . . union is recognized as-the .exclusive barg;air\ing
. . agent for all employees in ~e batga,ining unit;
. \· . whether union· members or nqt 12· AZUCENA,·
supra:at.3.46).

104 · J 201S SAN !;!EDA LAW CENTRAUZ.ED BAR OPERA TIQNS

 •• Eitti 4 MAI

LABOR. RELATIC>°NS
SAN BEDA LAW.f;~T-RALIZEDBAR.OPEAA.TIONS'- MEMORY AIP 2019
__.. I t+eisPtc. H .. "4MidttA&M &eeEMNtlfi&Mb MHiiithrtifl''PR;t4tYS9+i+ei@

.9· M·alnten·ance. of Membership . Shop Assocr.-NATU. v. The Insular Life Assurance Co.•
Agreem~nt-· .. . )_td:, GR. No: L-252~1. January30,.1971).
No ernplcyee.ls compelled to.joln the union, put
all present . or future members must, as · a Examples: . .
condltlon · of. employment remain· in good a. There is an outright arid unconcealed
standing in the union ··(2 AZUCENA, supra at· · lntlrnidation by the ernptoyer. ,
346). ·. . · · · b. . The employer . su.bjects· the employee to
h ... Modified Union Shop provides . that the . questiol')ing regarding his/her participation
employees who'. are not' union members-at the·. . in the' union -. In .order that· interrogation
. 'ti.me 'of.s.lgning the contract need not join th'e. would riot be deemed coercive;'. . .
. union, but. a·u the workers· hired thereafter must i. .. The employer must communicate to the
join' (2_.AZVGE.NA,~~pia et 3"f6). · employee the purpose· of questioning; ·
. ·· ii. Assure hin{tbat·no-reprisi:il' would tal<e ·
Raqulrernente ·;oi ~ valid .Termination of the place; and '. -. . ·
a ..
-Employment under· Closed-Shop Agreement: .iii. (?b~aJn . .. . employee .. pa~icipation
(DR-PAC) · .. ·:. ·. . . .. . . voluntarilY., . . .
. c;1. . _It can · only be exercised f:fy . giving. the c. ' Th_e · · employer . shows, · .hostility -, to union
employee hi~; ri_ght to' Que process: . - . . orqanlzatlon. . . . .
. i. '.tie· employer. has ~ the righU_o satisfy d.. The employer expresses. his/heroplnlon in an
. ··hii;ns.~I(that -there are sufficient· bases.,~ . lntlrnldatinq' manner. (2. AZUCENA, supra a{ 316-
., . · fpr. th¢ request ofthe union: and. ,.,_/;;)t ·: 320). .. . · · . · ·· . ·.
·ii.·: :r~i:dermination·:of the .services c;>ffir>e(;,:;\ . . .
... employee is not automatic uroA~.t.f.1e:, .,,:,'} The employer's refusal to .barqaln to its acts 'of
.. re~u·est of th~. union. · : · :,? (; ·: ".{; ~;~_.,e.c<i,~omici?,?~cem~nts resu_lting in the, promotion of
·. ·· b. lt cannot be apptled to erripl9ye_e.sw,.~.~ar~.:/ i'J:·:~:.tp:oJ~y,'.l;i.9-YiWJdre~from th': unio~, t~e us~ of armed.
already members of the Rival .un_J.on_:ffir I
Ip the ..,, jl guards<to·pre,~ent the organizer~ to co.me.in, and the
· employees based on tJ')~ir. religi9t1s beliefs:fl-.,.~ dismissal qt·w\nion officials ·and members, OAe
C: 'fhe ~g'reement·can only hav'fgr,Qspe~tiY,~,_..,...-J\ . cannot' but.topbl~de that. the employer did not want
·' ... applic~tion· and. cannot,/,,Qet)1pplied .
.... retroactively; . . . . /!P;./. ·1z~ r,r,r.
.· r.c,'
a.union mfosi~a~jentja -·a clear interf¢rence in tbe
rig_ht of !fe, work~[S ~o self-organization (Hacienda ·.
9. ·T!Je· -~gre.ement-~µw:~,9 .~PJ~s~~dfr:i . . a! !~:~\ Fatima .f:;'·_Y,:,!!~4al:Fed~ra~ioii_ o(_ Sl}garcane .
clear a_nd_ ·unequiv9Caf:,-wayc-SQ,:::a~-not>::fP. ~"j Wortre,ts-f.oq~cf·,.antr;;:Gerferal . .Trade, ·..G,R _No.
le~ve room;for iriterp.rela_ti_one.e9,?:(i\~ it ·~'f3} f~:f ·.1494~0~:Ja_i:iJdl_P/2({ -20oq).· - . . ·. · . ". . ·
.limitation to the exercise·ofthe;i;igt.Jf,.toself1· . J;:-.J : · .· . · . ··. · ·· · · .·. ·
. organiz~lion;.and·. ·. . \f", . Y'1 J· ... :,c...O~j9te: -An·. emploxer· .may' be .guilty of ·_ULP in. ,·
!
e.' ·Any. doubt mw~t· be resolveclp·a~_aifist.the· ; '.'·~,1:J~t~fferig9.:..._with t~e. rlghf to·, self-~rgal)iziltion everi
.s3xi$tenc;e .of .a Qlose~-s_h?P.~~feemEtr)fJ2?,·.f~.:..:-:tietWJ:fthe:a_ni<;m .has·. bee~·_registered ·(Sf:!ma(Jan·ng
_AZI.J.CENA;. $UP_!:.a.af 353~~55).!.:A . (JV Manggag~wa -sa. Bandolmo.aLML_C v. -N~R~, G.R.
. .. .. . ... ·. · .. · · .,. . . . . '~~~ No .. 12519$, JUiy ·17, 19.97).: . · · · ·
t(. . 2: lnterfecence·means·to interfere with; restrain or
'(;_, · .. ccier~::'e.employees in.the 'exercise of. their right to .... · Rule oil Transfer ·of f=rriployees' .
'._' .. ·. · · .. self:_or-ganization(LABOR CODE; A.rt. 2_59(a)):. · . . _ It is the. prerogative of ..tl')e co·mpany to. prom·ote, .
:"·· · · ··. ·· · · · · ·.- · - ·· · . transfer,.·or .~vf;ij, ·c1emot~ 'its employees· to <;>ther.·
·,.. . t~~t:·wh~thert~e ~mptoyerh~;·en~a9~J.i~.conduc~" positions· when the intere.~ts of· tne. company
wblch: it.may. ~easorlably be.said, tends to' interfere.: : r~asonably deman·d · · it, . · Ul'.lless there· are
with me fre~ 13?(ercise of.th~ ·employees' right It is. clrcumst~rices which directly pointto interference by. ·
not r:iEg:essaiy that ~Here be dire.et evid~nce that any . the ·company .with· ·t1ie. employees' right: to. s~lf-
emplqyee:was in Jact·intimi(lated .or coer.ced by. the. organization,. thatransfer of an employee should· be· ....
stateme.nts.or'·threats .. of. the employ.er. if there is a . . considere_d.. as within thefbounds'allowetl.by.law (e.g; ...
r$a:;;'9n·aQle.·inferente'thaUhe.a'nti-1.mfon:con~uct of . despite transfer.to a lower position, his otigina! rank.
· .tli_e·.i:ir.nploye'r. doe$··flave .:an. c:1dv~rse effei:;;t·-ofself- and. salary temainecf undiniinishedj · (Rubberwortd
organrzatioh a'nd ~oilective. barga_ir.iing· (De Leon v. (RHC.); Inc. v. NLRC/ G.R. No. 75704,·JU!Y.1.fJ,1-9~9).. ·
NLRC, G~R:. No~-'112661, lyt'ay·30, .. ?.Q01). . . ... · .. ,. · .
3, ,Yellow.-Dog :Condition 'requires as a condition
totaHty ofC.o~duct Do.ctr!n·e. .· . . · for 'employment that a· per.son or an employee .
. Ttie . culpi:lbflity -:of empl~ye_r's .remarks is to be · shall not join a. labor .organization o'r . sh;,:ill ·
evaluated not only'on the basis of t~eir implications, . ., withdraw from one to whi<::ti. lie belongs (LABOR
_but is-appraised' aga\nst the bac'kgr6u.rid of a~d ii') "' CODEiArt.. 25?(b)). . : · . .
. conjuncti~rr ·. with "GOl!ateral circumstances. (The
· lns.ular · Life: . Assurance · c_o., · Ltd, _Employees

2919 ~A·N· SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS ·1 '105

 HM 4 ifPMFPJC ,A S?,.-+AJ15!Zl.!Wi01fff ii4AAM011-

'LAB·OR RELATIONS
SAN BEDA LAW CE:NTRALIZEOBAR OPERATJONS - MEMORY AID 2019
.._ ~·~"'"'' ,e eeesss&ifl>t¥.1:1e1xi1>nawtNAilitEP1t·Biiswewi1.a1s-cae,e eesciP&iWWM!tt!JW!s+/1¥mw,wsesm~
Yellow Dog Contract is. a p~-ornis~ exacted f~ohl Not.UlP: . . ,
· workers as a condition of employment that they are _ An employer's steadfast' insistence to. exclude a
not to belonq to, or attempt.to foster, a union· during : particular substantive .provlslon from the union's
· their period of employment.' The typical yellow dog · proposal is no .different from a. bargaining
contract contains the following provisions: · · · · .. _ representative's perseverance to include one that
. a. A representation by the'em'ployee. that he is not .. they deem ,::,f absolute necessity· (Union of Filipro
. · a member of a laborunion: · · · : ·. · . · Employeesy. Nestle PHL, tnc., G.R. Nos .. 158930-
b: A promise by. the employee notto Join a labor . •31', .March 3, 2008). ·
·, union; arid · ·. . · . ·
c.. A promise· by the employee. that, upon joining a ·. There i~ ~o,LJLP on the part of the employer because : .
. labor union, ·he will· quit: his employment (2' tts adamant insistence. on a. bargaini_ng· positjon .to.
AZUCENA, supra at 329). . . · the polht where tlie neqotiations.reach an impasse ..
does· not establish bad faith, .It is but natural that at
· 4.·. : Paid Negotiati.dn ·.· . ·. ·. · . · . neqotiations, management and.labor edoptposltlons
or-
T 6 pay negotiation attorney's fe~s to the union . .or make .dernands' and <offer. proposals >and .
or
or its officers. agents 'as part ofthe settlement .. · . counterproposals ( Union ot· Filipro ..Employees. v. ·
.. '•'qf any lssue in collective·bargainintf or enyotber Nestle·PHL, lnc., ·"GR. Nos. 158930~31, M<Jrch · 3,
· .... dispute (LABOR GODE, Art, 259(h)). . · 2008): .
.
l J· ·. ~rnuev:e..r.
·~ . . . . .. -..-~-~-;
. 5. Violation of Duty Barqain_to .-Ri?'~ -;· there is ULP when the employer did not
4

. It is. to violate the duty to bar;gain ·c9l~9tiv~~.as . ,t n Jt1b[Jfit.~nanswer to the bargaining proposals ·
259(g))..
. . ·
.
· .
1'·/ ,
prescribed.' by this ?ode. (LA~R..~f()Df, °7f."ffe,:;:;=-~-'--·:!-,

·
\!~;~.-·
\f;,;t ~
,~l!n[p9_)..G'~~eta/MillingCorporatio~.v. CA, G.R.
,,_._;,,,,!10. 14_..61'2~ ffeqr«ary_:1, ioo4J. . . ·
#~· SE ~-,~t'.Y
.
The fC>llowing acts are hel., t<f$:lon.~ti't'ute'refusF.11· ~ ~Y e. '1Plo§~rlt9)'t,tiebusiness and subsequent
-'\ · ·
to bargain:. . /! ~YI. /!
t. r'/.t},. · . 1ppenmgf of tne same in bad faith for the
.. a.· ·Tf~msferrhig ope"nitj~rt to· i1ude union e ; · murpo~~<ofi'tfttµ,r.nventingthe•'(mion's right to
(Run-AwayShop); fl. '~'7 // . . -
• • J tt~""-if[I . . '~';;;'-;:s..~
-:.,.= <~;;' : .
~--"'."""':"''."iollecti~~~~~!ning;,
.i. . '!l. \---: .·U'
. ·-

. Run-away shop isf!an~,1;1Af$.)iriabor praet'j;;~ -lfij,#cfors!to.be· c8ttsid\t-~d: ,

· of mana,gemerit W~\Gfi':~~all~aN~~i!ef.~e~~.::L~-0.~imiflg closure and r~a~on ·of the ot11e
· ·by e~e~ling ·the ~~risJer~\ow)@I§. i , ~<'!£_""; ;~-N, · ~ cl.05'.Ui'9Ka'.nJ!f, . . . , ·. .
.Plant itself, or 1tl.'-.:eqfo~mer'I /1; · · Jt:_@; }~/ T1!,tfmg of ihe su~sequent. opening arid
· tempora.rily cl?sing itJ\busine's~pu ~~ . · . '= :h._§!ft r!faso.nst,fr ~he subsequent opening (St.
bust the ·uniein 9r·to ~,~de thE:!~8,ayrlJ~n · .:P :::&\ . .,13<?hn golleges, Inc. ·v. · St. John
legiti'mate obligati~n~ (Gf!,.mp[ex·E/.~ct"-.orlJJ.. ~li::r,lf\.;::Y -~/". Ac~df!fflY ·i F!3culty . and .Einp~oyees

.1~1315, Ju/y·19,..199~).' "'\: ~('~?o, :·""0-t·~ 1:~1},Pel6):· .

. · Employees·A,ssoc,at,on·v~iNt:sRCjfffi~":f/!·~-·

. b.· Delaying· . r:iegotiatio.ns by ~l:l~'l9 .l.V.tl\._};i~~ployer.

· · . :unrelafed ma'\t1:1rs (2 AZUCENA,_ supra ·a'T'"~"'",. r.:;-:==--·
.. " 4 {4); · . . . . . , - . valid . CBA With tl)e . duly.·: ceffjfiea·.. and
c. ·_ Engaging,in~u'rface."ar.gainln_g;
. , · .' · ,.·.
·surf~ce Bargafoing ·i'n~ans goir:i~ th,r.ough·:,
the motions c,>f nego.tiating x,yithput' any )egal ·
ihtentto. rea~h an agreem-e.nt:It in:vdlves the
question of. whe.ther· or not fhe ·.employer's
conduct.'qemonsti'afes.·a.n· u.n~illlngriess· to
bargain ·rn. good faith ·or· is merely: hard
!)ar:9aining: · ($tandarp ... cliaiterep · ·a.ank · ··
Employ~e.s-Union:·v' .. Confesor, G.R ·. No.
114974; Jun'e 1.6;-2004); ahd. · ·. . . .·
. . .. . .
· . d. :'· Refusal" t~ make a. c~unt~r~pioposal to. the :
u·nion's · proposal .fqr. · 'CBA :·.n.eg·qtiation
·(General. Milling Corp. v. · ·CA, G.R No. ·
. ·. 1'46728, Fe_br.uary11~ 2_004);.'
.,::.::,.~ ~Q,v19j(.G:R. No. 167892, October 2!,
< .:
·proceeds. to negotiate :With a
. · ..
'splinter unkin· des·pite the existence ot' i,ts ·
·e~crusive. - t;>argainfn!;l agent.·. (Employ~_es
Uniqrt· O~"·EfJayer PHl';,:FFW:· v. l;Jayer
Philippines,··:., Inc., ·. G.R · · No. 162943, ·
Oeceinber 6; 2010).. .
...
6. · '{iolatlon .of-CBA·. . · · · . . .
The viol.ation - niU,$t ·be_ gross,. flagrant· and/or.
:·malicious refuial to comply ..witti the." economic
· .. proyisions'Of-theCBA'(LABORCO_LJ~•.Art 274).
G(oss Violation of the CBA is defined as flagrant
.. and/or. ·malicious. refusa1:by .a· party thereto to
. ·comply with the eG!'.>nomic: provision's thereo.f ·
- (FA~AP· v.· PAL, G..R. - No. 17{3083, July·· 22, .
2008): . . .

,•

106 · 1 2ouf~AN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZEDJ:iAR OPERATIONS.

 LABOR R·E.LAT.IONS
. SAN DEDA LAW CENTRALiZED BAR'OPERAnONS ~·MEMORY AI.D 201~ . . , .
&iMPIPP-&31(11 as-awea7,1SMMIS&AF ..... ,.,.zw;s:~>StifUCUSW'ki~l&i#Dffl91iTU!ittC:~/ ~'{!"i\-~~

If what -is
violated, therefore, 'is a non-economtc 9. Company-Dcmlnatlon 'of Union means to
. or a political provision of the CBA, the same shall initiate, dominate, assist or otherwise interfere
not be coasldered as. Ul:.P and. rnay .thus be with the formation or' administration of any labor
·. processed 'as a grievable issue in .accordance orqanization, induding. the giving of-financial or
with arid .follo',VJng 'the griev.c,1nc~·machinery· laid other support-to it or lts.orqanlzers or supporters
. . .down ii) the·CE}.A. (CH!W, Pre-week Notes. on· (LABOR CODE; Art. 259(d))'. .
Labo/Law, {201'6) p.77). . · ·· · · . .
Forms: .
. The phrase ."grossly v\olatew is an a!llendment a. Initiation of the. company union idea·..,. this
by R.A., No: 6715. H.e.nce, if.the violation is· not may occur by; . · ·
'. gro.ss, It.is not l)LP but only a grie.vant:e under i. Outright formation. by employer or his
the.CSA . . .: · , , .·· ·.·. : . · . representatives . ·. .
ii. · Employee formation or _oµt@ht demand
1... , 6i~cri~in~tion Be~µ~e. (?_f -T~stitn~ny. prejL1diye:or . or lnfluerrce byemployertor ">. ·, ··.. '.
· ii[. Manaqerially-motlvated ..: formation ·by
0

To dismiss, discl:lar.ge oro.therwise

dis.e.riminate ·an ern.ploye.e who i~,abo.ut to give employees (2 AZU~ENA,··s4pra at 335);,
or,has.giv~n .a testimony uhder,the L,.abot Cocle b.. Financial support· to· the union - whenthe.
(LABQR QOOE: -~rt 259(f)).. . , . 1 • . employer: . . . . . ·...... . .-· ...

{[abor.sta~·d~rc!~·ar~·~.idlated and.the employer

. _ does. -not ·.retali_ate:. under- Art: 1.1 S :a~ainst 1~F(..,}r
.>). i. Defrays union expensesjor .
ii. Pays attorney's fees.to the attorneywho ·
drafted the constttuttorrorby laws of the
'

._: employees y~ho reported the violations, the~.:isf /., :\· union (i AZUCENA,supra at ..335): ·
· _ no .ULF5 (? AZUCENA,s_upraat 36.1) .._ ·. \. ('~·? · _: ·;.
j· c. Employer encouragement and: assistance .;
. . . . ._ · · . . . . . .• · '•I i. ,,.,::-:,;-,[,_,:;- ...~, lmlJ!.fil.?iately granting excluslverecognltion
·Note: .This ls the. pnly lJ..LP not req·uireq;~b~ )f)~::..,,;:::.,'.;~-,..~~-l?~rgainin~ aqent without defermioing ·
.. related .to .. e~ploye·e•s ..exercise: o!)~~;;ng~t. to\··. j·I ~'Whel?,'.er th~ union represe~ts majority of the ·
self-orqanizatlon · and· Cbllect1ye ·);E!arga,rnng!\,, ..,·i . emP.fo2!'les (2 AZUCEN.A, supre a( 3~6); ··
(Phi(c?_"!'. . ~mployees,' ynton : v.\Jr'f
.Communications, G.R .. flfo. tjAJ~1,5/)uty {7, i ~
G_1)bi/1>--]_! . d. . S~¥eflVl~?I)' ; .Assi~t-:nc~: .. -:: ... Sol\c(t~pg
r!J~ITl~er~h,p; permitting UQIOn · act_1.v1t1.es ..
2006);· · · . · .. · 0r.·.- .'f'(_~--;:, _ .:: . I:,~
·: . <;i~rinij wo)!<. time or coe.rcing en:i~Jo_yees lo
·._ . ·.".. _Jiff~;· '1';;~ ,·,.,) . j 11 . }o~~~tJ:~·~~ion_._by:threats. o~ d1~m1~sal or
.Em~l9yefs ~che~~-Of ln~\f.llJ~.;ohTs.~~~plo~J, ,,.f -~\~e':ffp~9Jl.tJf.?lrittppmeAm~nca'!' q,gar. &_ ·
to Sl!;J_n an affidavit absolv1n?..,l:11rnf't-5>m;_~os~,.~Jf~· f,:iJ . . ~G1ga£f!-tte~~_ctoryw_ort<ers Union v. .PHL
. violahons -.of the _ L_ab~r _Co~e{'t~:~n"~~tuall~ ..
·.a~a!ogous ·· to · d_1scnmmat1or:i,.1.. Reca!.J~e. of;
,.~t . ·. Amencan C1gf!r- & C1gare.ff?.Mfg. Cq., Inc., .
J··.;_;;---:;;-.,___ G~. No. .L-18~64;Fe.bruary~8, 1.963).·....
, . test1mo~~.(Mabeza v. NLRC,·G.R,,J}J.o,,£1!18506!.-,.~~·;·;;,•,:...•.,., ::-::,.....:-,:,,, . ,.. ·. . ..
April 18, 1f?97). · . . . . · .. )''-(. ·.·,(.'~---·'=·~~~ome-circams!anc~s sho~mgU:iat.~ labor. urno.n is_ .
. .,.· - . · ·· . : ¥\\ f./Y company-dominated:_ · · . ., . , · , ·_ . : . .
_&. ;- Conttactlng'Ou..t means.to:contracfo1:!~~1ces · · a. When several employe~s · Vl{~re forced t;>y
, .. or: fuf)etion·s.-being·. pen'orrned by ·u.njon ~.embers . officers of the· co.mpariy inlo ·JoiAing·a··uhjon;. ;:: .
. · .. when such wi1Hntef1er.e. witli, restrain qr.co.er¢e· b. That'-rio ·rneml;>er _o('Jhat uriion··Jfad 'been ·
. · employees in :the: exercise of.,the~r right t<:> :elf- disrniS$ed by· ·the. · ~omp·any ·despite, its·
: · organization (LABOR CODE,Art. ?59(c)). . allege.d,retrenchmerit pol_i.cy, ·which res~lte.d.: :..
· . · in .the dismissal of. the qther·.e!llployees who: ·
·. Outspor~liig I~ ri~t per·se:,1,1i.P . _ . w~re. officers· and, rnernbers. · of· ·another ,
Conditions for.:valid oi.itsourdng:. . .'union; and . . •O

a. Motivate~lby go.q<;l .faitb; and . . . c. · That . after said drsmiss'als, the: company
. · I?. · Musf oot·.h~~e. :_beie·n· re$orte~ ·to circumvent engaged tl]e. ser:vices :-c:if, seii~r.~t laborers·
.. . : .. the law. or:m.ost. r19t .haye · be.en the resul.t. of . .... (Oceani<f.'Ai( Prodacts, _Inc,_ ii, ·CIR; ·G.F?,.:No.:
· - ... malicio.us.orarb(traiy action:(Mahi(a.Eleclr-ic L-1871)4-05; .)anua,l)f31; f9f!3). . .
.. v:
· . Company ·qu,s.umbing,<3:R. No>t27598, · · · · . :· · ·
;./.. . January 27, 1999).. . . .. . . . · : N.ote:. All . the aforementioned acts must. h~ive 'a .
1,.-
1 ·. . . . .. . . ·. relatidn to the .employees' 'exercise <;>f the./r right tq
ff,• . Ho~ev~ri,the. ·iaw o~ :~nfai~ i~b<;>r .prac~1ce·~ is .n.ot.. . ~elf-organization. If 'this connec,\ion is>abserit; th.e ,.-.
l·
,
::tr..···
· int~iided .to deiprive ,employers of their f1;1nd,an,ental contentions of ULP n1ay be reject~d as basefess and
'i:, righ_t to presc_rib¢. an~ ·enforce such: rules as· they· · irreleva~t (:? f,ZUCENA,sup;a at 206). ·
f ·h.onestly l::leliev~ ·to ·be ·Ae.cessriry. _to. the proper,
((, . :· productive an~ profitable .operation o~ their business .
(Phi/com. Ef7!p1oyees · Union · v.. P!lil. · GlolJal
·. Communication, G.R.):-Jo: 1~4315, July 17-:2006).

·2019 SAN'BEOA
. .
. LAW.CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS
- . 1107
 . LAB.OR RELATIONS.
SAN B£DA LAWCENTRALIZED'BAR OPERATIONS - MEMOQY AID 2019

The.burden· of proof. falls on the shoulder_s· of 4. · To cause dr attempt to cause an ·employ.erto pay
petitioner to establish or substantiate .claim of ULP . · or d.eliver or agree ~o pay or deliver·any money.
py s_u~st1;1ntiar evidence or such relevant e"(idence as . ·or. other things of v_alue · in-. the ·nature· of. an ·
a,. reasonable mind might accept -as, sufficient t9 .sxaction, for SSIV!C~s. which are not performed .
a
s.upport.. conclusion is required (UST FactJ/ty Union: ,or not to be performed. Including the ·demand.for ·
v. Ur,iv.etsity of Sto. Tomas, G.R..N9. 180892, April a fe~ for union negotiations; ·
_.7, '2009)·. . . .
Feathertiedding:(make-work agrrtements) is a
. ,. The enumeration of ULP is not exclusi.ve 'because term given to ernptoyee ·practices -'Which create
' ~rt: 27 4 considers gross violafjons ofthe CBA as a or· spread . ernployrnen] · by· unnecessarily .
· . · ULP: At the· same time, Art. 278(c) considers "urilon , · rnalntalninq · or. increasing,· the number of
. . busting" as a ULP: . . ,: emptoyees .used, or. the.. amount of . time
. · ·,.: consumed, to .work 'on . a 'particular . Job :_ (2
· CHAPTER Ill: UNFAIR LABOR PRACTlf:ES OF .AZUCENA, $Upra 'at 372).
· t..J.:so~ <;)RG~NIZATIONs· · · · ·· . . · ·
· · .. ... . . 5. To:~sk for qr ·atcepf negotiatio·,:i.:o~ aftorney's
. ARTICLE 26.f): UNFAl~.LABOR PRACTIGES OF ,· e-, • fees ftom-ernpJoyer~ as partofthe settlement of
.. "LABOR ·ORGANIZATIONS· • . , .. any Issue il:r colleytive tSargaini!lg. or· any other
The following -acts a~e the ULPs "ot La~Q.L=~.,. dispute; . ·.. · · . . .. ... ... _· ·.. ·
Or~at:,lzati.on~:.. (RDV-EAG) .. · . _: ~7~-Tf l .f~rossly, violate a._ collectlve 'bargaining.
1·, :· ·10,Bestram.br coerce employees J~lf~ex~s~1se L.1 I\J aw~~~~t (LABOR CQDE,. Art: 2~0). . . .
· · of their righi--tc:, self-organizat~9ri~.~'\v.e,~e$.~-----=:~:,,;; <f.. 11 j. ~ · . · · . .' ..- · . · - . . .
labor orqamzatlon.. shall h~v~, th'e~,...,bgHf · to · - . · Pers-o~s'l£iv}Jfyji~~le- for _uu:i: , '; . . · ·. · ·
prescribe.' its own rules W)ih~.cfsp~et tg....othe""'~°A,"""''"1~....QJfi&(~fa)id'ag!:lnts.9f employer; · · . ·
.acquleltlonor retention of ~-(r!')b_,r{.fiflP.;{"' )Th d.( :-i:,- La~rdicv,if~t1~n, officers·aro agE:n~s;_an~ .
· . · - f' '--""v '/' · J · r: l,j~ &~ Age,ts- ~h.p. officers who . participated or
NQte: · Under Art. 259, an ~fupioyep' com(rits U.LP
· through-interference, restrai,'t&Z-o~rqiqn.BufirrA"'rr::·· llR
£~h----::-~·n.i6o).
-: · ·aut.lifprizect~q!)a)iftecl'.
\} · -~ i ·
the act. (LABOR qoOE,
. .
260,·on ULP of labor organi· ati©A.s'f"intertdrence~~"?.f\J~ r.;:1·~~- .· J. ·. . \ 11--- i~ -. : . ·. · · ·
· _left out. .' · . .. . ~f.'~-(! · _;l\ ~~~f.,[!EtS.we~t~~~~~C~ll,tr:act}.i~. a CBA Vvhi~h provi?~s for
. '. · · .,.- . . . -~ -~ i .. ,\\\, -· ; ... ~:.~~~J!!_rms5}}1~5}1'\dl~OnSO,f r~ployment f:>elow m11')1muro
·~e.~son:.:ln_terf.~re11ceby a 1?"~9~1:r~iarnz ~iJ~,'~~;i!. t,_;.'f~~~,rc. sta~1sh~tj,Y. law (2.A~UCIENA, ~upra at
.. 1s· a . f~nction of· self-orgam~tt~rr. 8.owe· :.f8'.ffi:·th~~ ~·-..i(#.'t~ ~ · iJ '( · ·- · . .
i_nterfeieAc~an:iounts·.to r~~trajrit or 6~erc':i ~jt-1:J~J~ '>-~,A~ ·;/··. · ft ·. · ·. · .
·. ·.becomes· ULP "{2AZUCEN~,.s't:Jpra·at3~B).'-.~~,.;_.-rs ia~;Sl;cY :fBarg~ii}j~9- is ·.. _'defio~d a~ · making
..... · :. : .. · . · · \, . · · , ;___ -: s_~'I CR ~ag0era~cf·?~un1p~soF1a~1e:pr_op9sals._ W~~t~er,~r ·
: . 2: .·. T? c':'u~e o~ ·attei:npt to ~aus~~n . e~~y;~r: ~<~f-lp~~n\bQ;_Js:1~ng~ged i_n. blu~-sky __bargam.1_n~ 1_s
·: ·. · .g1sc~1rp_if!a~e aga1~st. an empl<'Y,.ea..•}Wll:J~}n1J--'-:::,,"'='~ft~~]~fd(~_.~_ev_1dence--preseryt~ _~~ ?Y the l:.?!on
·.: d1scnn:11nat1on ag;;unst an employe_N.tJite~~e«t l\Jrt@s't~0i it~~onom,c .d13man9s;. Ttius, 1f· th~ ·unron
·... ._:·to wt.iot1"1 !ll·erip~rsh_iP. i? ·sucti organrz~'1PEQl~-._::-i!J._t-r~~.~e~agger~te~_. o.r.:u.nrea~riable:
· economic_'·
. been denied otto d1s,ri1ss an employee on any~-~mands,-1t::is.gmlty of_ ULP,(.Stand~rd Ch~rtf;!red
groun~. · otoer :tha.n . the : .usual· .terms and ·.Bank Errip/oyees,l,)nion v, Hon, .Confesor, G.R .. No.·
,con,ditions . unde·r :·which .. · rriembershfp.. or·· ·J-14974, ·Jl!ne 16, 2004).' . · ·· .. ·
. contlnuatJ.on. of membership is made ·ayailable to• . ·. .
.: othe~-J'11einber.$; . . , Note: .The Labor. Cod~. does·. riot· authoriz~ the
. emplbyer to ·close "dowr:i the~estcibiishmerit on the
· .. :_: . N~te:;A union me'1'!be_r may.riot·b.e.·expelled fro~ · ground·ofex!;eS!;live d'emarids of tt'le.i.Jnion:lnstead.,
·the unio:n. !3nd. qon;,equentJy ·from his job, for · · .. aside'f~om th'e"remedy of suomitting the- dispute for
per'~,oi:ial_ q_( imp.etuoU:~. reasons <?! _for· c~use~ · . ·voluritary-:or .c.ompuls"6ry -arbi'iration; .the. employer ·
. · · ·· :foreign ·to the qos~d-shop agreement (lv(anila . may fll~-a complaint for ·U:LP c:1i;i'aih~t·the 'uril.on for.
. Mandarin·Employees Union.v,. NLR.C, G.R. No. . bargaining in !:>ad faitl).. lf.found:guilty,·t_his gives·rfse ·-.
. . · . l::769.89, September-2_9; 1~87). ·. . . . td . civir· and _:- criminal . llabilitfes ._. and. ~llows . the
. employer to implement.a lockout but riofthe closure
·3, .·...-ro.-ylolate',. \he· duty or. r~fu~e :to bargai(! . of tht:t .establishrnerit tesuJtlng'•to .the p.erinanent loss
. . . ·collectively with ·the_.employer provic;l~d that· it.ls - of e"mployment ohhe.:whole ,'v;orkforce '(st, _Jphn
the representative·o_f the employees; . : Colleges; .. lilc. v. ·St.· John Acaperny Faculty ·an.er
·. 'E,:nployees Union, G.R. · No: 167892, October .27, .
2(!06). . . .

108 2Ql9 SAN B_EDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 'LABOR .RELA,-IONS ·
SAN BEDA LAW C~TRALIZEDBAH OPERATIONS·- ME!>10RY'AJ0,20,'9.
·a ·wa u,e. e 06#+,e w 1&1a& &&ff •~?*iMlf-ll'O.
. fn t),e absence of an:.agree.ment·or other' voluntary '
CO.LLECTIVE .BARGAiNING, arrangement . providing. ·for a: mote e:Xpedltious ·
,!\G'RE~·MENT ·manner of coll19cti.ve ·bargaining, it shall tie thE! duty
of. the. employer· and .. the. [epresehtatives of the
emP.loyees to ba'rgain collectively ·(LABOR. CODE,
TffLE··seveN: cou.acnve BARG.AINING ·ANo· Art.}62).. .. . . · :. · . .· ·. ·. . :
ADMINISTRATION O.F AGREEMENTS.
. .. . ,. . . . : . · .· P.urpo.se of Collective ·Bargaining .
DE~~ARAl'ION OF POLICY· . · . It 'is ' one· of .the democratic 'frameworks under the
. !tis the policy ofthe S.tateto promote and emphasize ·. · . Labo{· Code, ·.designed· to stabilize the relation
theprimacy of free and responsible exercise of the' . . . between labor and ·ma'nagem-ent· and-..to: create .a
right to.aejf-orqanlzation .and. coltecuve barqaininq.: . . . climate of sourid and. stable industrial peace .. It)~ ·a
· ajther through sing'le enterprise 1avei' ':~gqtiations·or· · . mut_ual ·n~sponsi_bll)ty of the employer: and the Union
thrq~gh the. creation of a. rnecbanlsm ·1;iy whicl') . and is charad~rized as. a legal_.oblig~\ion (Kir;k toy ... ·
differerit employer and recognized or ce,rti{ied labor- .· · .. y. Nl:.RC, G.R. No,.. L-54334,. January-?2,'1!;!86):
union .'in their.. establishments · bargain· collectively· · · · · · · .. · ·
(/RR of the. _LABO~ C.ODE, Book y, ·Rule XVI,.Sep. -Jurtsdlctlonaf : Prec:o~ditio.ns :fo.r .: ·c~llective··.
1, as amended qy D.0. No. 40-03). Bargaining/ -R.equis.ites of Collective-, Ba~g·ail'.llr'ig
. , (MPD) '. . . . . . .. . . . . ·.., ·. . , . . .
Colle~ti·v~ Barg;:.ining· Agreement' refers. to the ~A:)': 1. Possession' · '(?1 . :the · status-, of . .''Majority
. : contract between. a legitimate labor union .an_d
· employer concernmq wagers; l:iour-; of work, and·,allf.i ':,th··
nie:
;:2} ~epr§%eritation by the 'e.mployee·s·representat!ve .
in accordance.w1th·any·gfthe-means of selection ·
other. term-,s and conditions of employment' !Qi~,'~'',.,.~ · .. or .desi_gnatio·n provided for by·the Labor Code; · .
. ba~g:;ilning uniqn. (IRR'.ofthe LAB(?~ CODE, B_,~o_if'.·;;:~11!-,/:·:·/f{oof ot-~ajorJty.represent~tion.{C.~rtification of
~-: V, Rule I; -sec. 1 (j), as am·f!nded by!). 0. 'No.1;g;.oa):'. 41,;:.:.._!r.-,~~,,_-::B;ftt that- the representatlve . of . the
} . . . · ... ·. . ,' . . . ,.-..-;:'::( . . ;= ~. ' . ·ernploy.e~~ is the sole and exclusi-ye bars;iafning
.~t· ARTIClE 261: PROCEDURE 'IN CO(!;ECTIVt:;d- :j agent haY1ig won.in a certitication ele<::tion);-and
'{' BARGAINJN.G. . . . .' . . ·. .'\."h{1 :: .. ,Y°"'j.•\ 3·. Qema?Jl ~~\bargain under Article 261 (a) of the
\ ·:· · : .. . _.· .· · ,// ~(~Y ·. !).~ Lab9rrco:de~(Kiok {-oy v.· NLRC, G:R. No. L-,
ii.!. · ARTl<;LE : 262: · · DUTV: ...<,'fief.' · "i;J~itGA1~1L,-. · 543~~. Jqriua6Y 22; 1986): .· : ·. · .
1}... COLLECTIVELY . IN. . THE<w·ABSJ=..!J~E- · OF"\\ . 1.";t i;-!i " · ./! . fl · · \'·. , ·. _ . . . . .. . . ,
.> .
., . · · · .
COLLECTIVE.BARGAINING1
.. ·
<f ~-? .kH --~~';,; _.
. ~-'. . .:9·'"}.. '"\J.
t;!J .
j?J · -~~~~ij~'I§~gain _ coll~c~ively· aris.es o~ly
betw~enJ.11.e.,emp[oyer and its -~fTlployee. Where
J·: ARTl~LE ,263: MEAN ING OF l;>Ulff..'.'..l;O·B~~GAl,a . Ji rieither Rc!rtY is ar:i "employer" flOr.·an "employee• .
t·· COLL.ECTIVELY . · ; · ..!!~, I' .. '!.j . . ... ·l'rr.~~of..the-:' other,, flO such. duty .W<;)Uld ~xist ·(f.ilied ..
[.:. . .· , . - · · · , '. · u;>,?,-· .. ,. . ,. _,..;; ,1if!.'!i~~f.f~-W.orkers'. -Union v. Compania Maritiina,
t ARTlgLE _ ;264:: -DUTY T0·<:.1SB~~'A.JN~··<~·~~.. ~<-:"'G~Rl:--Nos .. ~-22951-52, Jar.wary 31, 1967), ...
11.'. ·COLLl=CTIYELY.. .Wt:tEN:: TH~RE: ~~ijXIST;S,i A . . .
... ~?1,;.L!=C_,:tyE~-~GAIN_INGAGRl=~ME~h,). ·~ · ~ Not~:.Wh.ere a-~ajority.repr:e~~nta.ti.vehiJs.been.·
A .. designated;: it is a ULP for ·the e_mployer., 'as··.a
':'. b.uty to Bargain C~·jh~~ti~ely \s an· obligatfon to · refusal ~of.. collective· bargai~ing, to.. deal and
. ·r,;eet and,. coi)yene promptly and ·.ekpeditiously iO:. -negotiate witf{the minority representative to 'the
I.· · g()().d ·.'faith -:fcl.r ·the purpose .of, negotiatii'ig arr·... exclusion ·.of t.he· majority .fepres~ntativ.e. ·.i2.
?i1 · ag'r.e.e:mentwi\h ~~spect to w~~e~; h_our;$of Wm.I< arid.. . .· . .AZIJCENA,·supra at 3!J'1). . .: · ·. . . '
. all other. t~r:m.s. ;3nd cond1t1ons· ot.,.emplo~ent
. in'cluding propos'f11s for adjy~Hng.any_ grl~vances or. Certification Y·ear
·qi.JeSl!OJ'1S . ariSirJg ... under si:Jch- . agreement · and ,1f the jurlsdict1onal preconditions are present; the.' ·
_eiecuting .a 9,ontra~t incori:ie1rating·s.uc'1 agre~_ments· . C.Qllectiv~ ·bargaining spoulci begi:n. Within th.Et- 12 .·
if requested by either party bl.it such .dufy·cJoes not. . months following the de.terminatiori·and cerHficatio.n
compel any·.pprty.to ag'ree,.to a'proposalorto make . . of : . -the employee's· . ~xclusive<.:·: 'oa'i-gain'ii-19 .
~ny-con'i::ession (LABOR CODE,·Arl. 2(,3). · ·. · ' repre~entativ~. This . ·pefiod is . known.· . as. 'the .·.
~~·~ . . . . . . . . ·. : . . . .. . .. : ... • : . . . "c~rtification year" (2 AZUCENA,. !?U{Jr.a 3.82)'. · .
. . .· . at
.. ,: . .
'•' .·. When the.re is·a coll~ctive barga·i·ning agreement;·the
):luty··to b(:!rgc;i1n collectively 'shall also mean that Note:. Absent linµs~ai circu~~tan~es·, an· empl~yer
. n'either party·' $hall te@in~te'. nor : modify such' ·commits ULP by refusing to:bargairi with:the union
. agreement during·. its lifetime (LA~OR '<;;ODE;'Art,. . duri.ng. the .'ce.rtificati9,n yeifr,. nofwithiitandh·ig the
. 264):. . '. . . . . : : .. . repudiation of: the·· union by · ·a· n'ia]ority ·of- · its '
·. ' . en,ploy~es before expiration.of. the 1 .year perio¢·(2
. ~ZUCENA, supra at 382):. · :.- · .. : .'.

~019- SAN
.
SEDA
. LAv,/CENTRALIZED
. . BAR OPERATJOr,l's'
. 1109..
 M ffiMW hi& Wf$1EMMM94·#1Ni& ·, -&f IMW>M SIP*iZH41

·LA,J30R R::ELATlON·S·.
SAN'B~DA LAW eENTRALIZED8.IIR C,fE,RAT/ONS ~ MEMO/t,YAID 2019

i;·
!

! ·.
i
j'
I·
I
1·
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...
110 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED·aAR OPERATIONS·.
 au

:f',
,~~~- .5:*"W H
~i .. Negotiati9n Procaas ln .Collective Barg'aining; M~lti~Employ~rBargaini'r.lg .
'!$-: · (WReC_-NO) . . . . A.. legitim~:te· labor uruoms) and employers may
1.. When a party . desires to· negotiate an agree in. writi_ng to come to.gether for the purpose of.
agreement, it ·shall serve .a Written notice upon collecfivebarqalninq.. provided; · .·
.·' . · the _ott:i~r, party with a statement of proposals; 1. Only leifitimata labor unions who are incumbent
:.·: 2: Reply by the other : par;ty not later than . 10 exclusive oargair\ing·agents may participate and
,.[ . · . calendar days fromreceipt of notice with counter negotlate iii multi-employer bargaini_ng;
·1K · .: · proposals; · · · 2. Onlyemployers with counterpart legitimate labor
f/ ;3; · 'lri case of differences. either party n:iay..request unions who are. incumbent bargaining agents-
1; tor a _fonference· Which must be held not later . : may participate and negotiate in rnultl-ernployer .
~;. than 10 calendar days.from the.date otrequest.. · barg;:iining; and
J;'. 4. If not settled, JfCM~ may upon request of.eitl1er . 3... Only· tl;iQ$e·1egitjrriate labor. unions who pertain .
··&,:. or .boih: parties or at .. its own . ."initiative arid to employer unltswho conserit'to multi-employer
··.encourage ·the-'pa'rtiesto submifthe. dispute to a · t.>:argainihg . m~y" participate i_n multl-ernploysr · ·
voluntary ar~ijrat6r; · .... · . . . .: · ·:. · ,bargainir)g (/RR ot the LAE$0R CODE, Bopk_ V, . ··-II
·,mot resolved, ·the parties may·go.to where they. .' · Rule. ;<VI; Sec.' 5, as emended by D.6. No. 40~
.. : want: arid 'resort to ··a'riy Qther ·lawful. means . '. . 03), · ... · . . . . . . ,. . .
'i{'. . .. (eitherfo settler the dispute' or 'submlt'- it to a
__ .. · :_·_:.: vciluntary·.ar-bitrat·o·r.)(LABOR COD.~, Art. 261j.
~.:.·.·_-_;_ /."' Procedure in,Multi-Employer Ba"rgalnlng
,. r, ... i Multi-employer ,bargaining may 'tie .lnitiated by lhe
t, Note: During th.a. conciliatior;i· proceeding, in t~E(\,,:ff labor unions or.by tl'Je employers. ·. .
~-· .. B6ard,.'the.pc;1rties·are prohibitec;i from doing an~/a'4.''.t(/,.;),.· .. . . . .. .. . . .
f. : which n'la,yd)srupt or irripede: the eariy settlem_e~4·oJ:'.•. · ;,_;./\ Legitimate labor unions wh_o des_ire to-negotiatewith.
:·,t:· the.disputes. (LABOR-CODE,; Art. 261(d)):' ... ~J t,.: ::;;-;J..)he._i.r_,erhplo.¥~fS .co!lec;:tively: shall e:Xecute .a written
J . ."· · . ·.. · · . · . . · .('" .tj.::··~;:i,,.1.1.z.agre~merit'~n:iong··themselves ··and ·send. a Written
;( .. .Kindfof,E;Jargaining .. , .. , . . ;-·'9· · · ·y
. _'. · l{ . no~•,fo:c)'hiteffecHo_eachenipl?yer·.con.cerned,
•···. 1.- Single.,. eriterprise ·. Bargainin~t'!-~involv.e~e,..!J l,.~gitimate lefi~~r uniops-'{'lho· are ni_emb~r~. of· the
. · · . negotiatio.n- between_ 1 · ·pertified lal?,qr:,1,thim!):111<;1,;..... -lA. ·same· regi,1tEif Ef\l fed_erc;1tiol);. :n~tibnal, · 9r industry.·

't· .
:t ~mploye~: . 1; ,. . . . • · • . . -~.)~·~', ·Jq(''"j' , ·. · · t?;.'0 . union ~aJEjlEi~~ni}xtfrdrri· ?xecutio.n. of this ·Written_
fl . l . · . _: · .· · · . . ·· . · ·
F
"
2. ·Multl-_employer.. Bargamt~~J(MEB}"°'tf'1J1.;v.0lv~~·
n!3~otiation. between ~nc);.~fy9_ng_,s~y~ral l_a_q~7\- ,·~J . ·. agreemept.

. u~1ons and_ Elrn~lorer:s. \,.j" =.:Yg~~ ': )-~~; .,_: i~~ E_mpfo~_e_~~~<;r~~f;~'.group·th~mselve,s
_;,f ·. ,:t_. ~-. .
:.1;1,
: · · ... · · · · ·
.o~ u_s~
.
i_;,'.:· . . · . · _. : _-.-: . · · '\..... ,.;:;:.ri·~· . n1{'),,. ~~, th~1r. ·. ex1st1n~~a.s~oc1~~1ons to engag~ 'r' · mul~1-
Sirigle Entei:p:r_iseB~~ahiing ·",?;tf;.!:;,1"'\\ · : J/'.;, ,"'l e_mploy~r~ar.~aini?g· sh~_II_._seri?.. a wr(!_ten-~o_tic~ to·. ,·
-;\ny yoluptarrly :r~c;.ogp!z~d_or:. c_ertif!!;l)\)a~~r)union_ . nw,~~~? ?t. ~eir:. cou~terpart leg_1~ur1.ate')a~or:. unions · . '
. _may,dem,andnego\1abonsw1th *~-empl~y.~~i'dr.ter1J1S~ ·-t,~·j:;f•IFl<:hC_~t.lii,!9.Jhetrde~ffe to-er:,g~ge In multi_-emp\oyer
}·. and:c?ry~ition~_·bf.. work ·c9veriryg, emp1A:feie:sjr~.,l¥'~·....µ;1b"arg'$it;ttn~f'f/RR of_tpe.0-BOf? CODI;=, ~ook V;/l~u'.e:,.
·-;" ·· bar.gainmg unit con~erne.d: -(IRR'· o( ttffte ~;ll(aOR · )<VI, $ec. ~. a~ amerJded by D. O; N_o .. 40-Q3):,,_ .. · . .·,.:,:--':.
:t,: copE,:_aook·_II, Ru~ext-1.sec. '3.:asiltp~JL\,d:bY:-;. ·, . <.'--; · .... :.· i ;.:\_· · . : ·.· _:_··:~;::,\::,:i'.~:i;{/' ,,{;\
··<-: · D.O:,No: 40-03). _. · · ·· · · · · -~at,~i;iale:for .Mult1~Employer Bc1rgc11,r1Q~t • · '·"
·~. · ·· · · · Com_petiti_y~.. pres~ar_es''. , .. ~.sE>~f},i31!~.-:{;;::'
~i: . Procedure in. Singl~:Enter:p.rise Bar~~injng. ·. · . employers 1n··h1gt)ly .CQ~pet1t1~e an.:tj_Jij _r.;.
·~:'..·:_:_·_,. · ~ ..recogniz.ed or i:;erti~ed)a~or.unio~'_tl:latqe~!r~s t~ tie(9s. _aredthfi:lo1.~ii'.ia_:itt_.f9fc.~~--tti;f·~Ji
•., · ·-negoU~te with: :its employ¢r stlall 'l?Ubmit·: sucir ul)1on an . emp oye:rs.,_o·Ji · ,~~
,. . intentions inwtitirig to:the.e.mployer;fogetherwlth-its ' b~rgaining C!~ indusll:i6vld1t it
)!: . proposafs.for:collectiVebargainlng .. ·.. · . . . . .. r2·AZUCENA;supr:a ~t':J84 ;,,i·,. ..

1·1 ·$~I~tiid,:i;~ifji]~·· t · :-·

~t. . repres~ntatives. to "the
~-
n~gotiatio_n, ·schedule·: the
·nu.c:nber anc) ..frequency, of meeting~, and afJ_ree on
if/i\~t~Pjy;1t·</c?ff;
.. ;,-

if wages, b~nefits and other .terms and- c;ond1bon~ of

W · wor.kfor all 'employees coverecl in the ba~gair.i_in!;! unit .

r:
tf.;, ...

ij· .
({RR of the LABOR ·COD£, Book v, Rule XV.I, -~ec..
A as amen_d'!d by D; o.- No .. 40~03). : : .. '

J:: -.
~:;:
t : . 201~- SAN HEDA LAW ·cENrF.<AUZED BAR OPERATION$ I 111
( .

'
\}' ,.
?'·-
 ·LA.BOR RELATIONS.
-SAN'BEDA-LAW CENTRALIZED BAR QPERATIONS-.~ MEMORY AID :,di9,
. ~ .
··- . .. ·. MA ¥ if& . . I FR>IINB «AMMIAAAA$4&&1'.ifot!A1
. .
10. Work rules and· regulations: ·
11. Rent of company houses .(2 AZUCENA; supra at
. 398-399);
. · 12. Grievance rnachlnery;
. 1. Particu·1a'r1y. · 1. May overlook .:' the
. . advantageous -to needs' ·:of . various .
.13. Voluntary· arbitration;
14 .. No stnke-rro lockoutclause:
· both ·. side~r . in· 'employee__ gr9i.ip·s·.. · ', ·
15. Labor mana_gement council ( (;HAN_, Labor. Law
1ndustries . :
Reviewer (201.6), Ch. 7); and · .·
composed of many 2. · May igr:iore·particular·
16. Provision against Drug· Use in'.Workplace (R.A.
small, . financially .. ·. requirements t.. . • pf 9165, Sec. 49): · · · · · · · ·
. weak en_,pl~yersi i!'.)divldual e_mployers;
J<IQte: Employer's duty to 'barqain is . limited 'to
· (In . s~ch. indu.stri_es.· 3. · May res~tt to. non-, rnandatqi:y'bargl;!if'iing.sub.jf,:lcts; astoother matters;
' ' major'benefit·prcigrain' : •.. uniforrr:ii~y 'of costs he Is free to t:iargair\or not to-bargain (2 AZUCENA;
such· . as. health. -or . 'since what may' be._. supra a{39!f : .
penslorrplans.jnay be . rea:ci'ily accegtable to' ...
adopted' In . a . rnultl- . one· Ti.mi n'lay·_·.· b.e ~F~~r-
F-~rms of ULP in.·Bargainin!;F (E}!:~Gf) .
. employer. \.1n}t which · disastrous· . · · ·' to . . 1. Bad faith-·in bargaining· (t:ioulwarism), including·
would · .be:: difficult: to. .. . another." · . . .. , _ . -failure or.· refusal to execute · the· CBA, if

· ~~:~r:~~~lq~e?ough· .4 ..
· bargainmg.
.T? ' .,
~rri~eJ~~i~:
. . . .. . . emploYf0\..t~ rz
·_Tf))~f.;i:~.tf~:~~n~ato~
-~~3-:;, .
sut>jects of ~argaining;
Gfos)~jofutton·_pf the CBA; and .. . . .
· · . ., ·. :· _ . _awe~en~ is .!J!,v.ch . C"l:aJklre.gp,}.~fusal -to- meet and convene (2
2. Provldesr · b?th . m~~©}ffiy~,ffia':!;,!,9... ·--=--,..,_,...,AZUSB~~"slfpJ,iat.386-387). · : ··
: manaqement .· ~~cf. ~ . e "\¥
,tsjl'fgJe.-. . .-$, s» -..,_\' ,~ :;..~;'l, . . ' . .. .
. u!1io!1s _ .:_ .' · . w_1th:: · .. 0Fl'IP_2J~r·co~t,acts._]P: ~. ··Jtte: Violal,'~ids. o.~ the col!ec1iv~. ,bargaini~g·
s1g~1ficant .co~t · f ·. 'fl H. · 'Jl,~ agre'emEtnt, e' o~p;t) t~ose which · are gross m
· savin~s. · · , · m /11-..,,.,. { t_--:-:-= -1{Pifi'ara.ct'.'ej,· shall ~~.J.m11~er.tie treated as 13~ -unfair
n:lgob.ation of labor ,~ g. · \
""1'.l\}: -~ gm1·~r~r
Pf~Ctice,b~t'· a~Ai grievanc:e Lin,der th~ CBA ·
agreement~'. . . · · ' . . ~ ... · i
,~~f;!ABOiJ CODE,;t,-4.,.t.•~ll'.4; Si/y<!' v. /\!~RC, ·G.Ff No.

. . . . · .. ·~841
. \.~ .
. (2.·AZl..!CENA, supr_a.at

·ReQist~atlqn ~equire~~_nts~(j) 1· ··.;~\

-,-1
~:--,~:,:./'~~lM!!!#f1!!Bl.9'iWill!r
·. . i1V/:. - r-'~11- . --·.
'\-tilt ~~~~}1·ot'~·ad.Fai~[lBarg.ai_nfrig.
1i_ 199.7~1

. .·. ~-.,
. ..· ...
. ·:
·. .
The original and 2. duphcate ~OJ?!eS C?f:~e~itti~l,P~ ~~~9ace!iargainJng is gomg.th_l'9ugt,the_motion
must be'vedfied u"nder'oa~h·br.~~e'rep'{Se~~~i~tli..~I ~ynegitiating·.~ithc;,ut any__ legal· int~n~. to. reach
of the emp_loyer(s) and. u,nion(~ftion.cem~ '(·\~f .--:-n'."\r"-ah- )t'Qr~ement".· (Standard C(larlere.d Bank
.. 1: CBA; . . · , · · . ;~ :··. ·~ ·~..;,..~~m'pfotfJ~~Amon v. c;onfesor,. G.R.. ·No.·.
2.· · A, stat~me·nt th.at· ti:1:. colle~~e . ,_Jle~~A~ll9_:~=-~· -1r1i~4,)_µpe16, 2004); ·. . .. · · . _: ·
. agr~~ment was post~d.m_-at.J.east_~cpA~g19-t1,?us.·"f\· ·/r 12...\~s,~tf!t-afism ...,._occurs: ,~ . · ..
· pla~¢s 'ir1dfie estal:;>li~hnien.t ~r: _es~h~e~ts . .lV.l~~a-.,:--=Wh~11.t~e,-emp.loyer .di:ectly. Mr~ain~. Wit~ ·.
c.onc·ernect·.- for ·at· 1east 5 d~y~ :bef9:_e""=!t~~ · the-employee disregarding the µoi9n. .
.. . · ratification; arid· .. :.·~ ·. ··. . .. :_ . · . b . Wh.e.n.. the aim was· tb deaf with tf,e .union·-·
3.. · A· s,t.atem:ent th.at .' the t:oll~~t,_ye·... b~r~a,1ning •. · thr~~gh .the. ·emplo.yees,ra:ner than._wi,tn the· -
··agreement·wa_s .r~tified.by tf'.i13:ma1onty pf.-lh_e_ .. employee~:through.the u"uon. ··.- ..
. . employees in the'.bargaining ·unit of th~- .employer c. · -W.he'n··.the- .employer- submits its pr9po.sc\ls ·
. ·. <or employers co~cerned. . . · . . · . arid adopts. a _"tak~ it or !eave lf"_-st~rid. This .
.· · . . ·. · '. · .· . · .. . . . · · ·. · · is, not- negotiation because.· ~he. "t'iike it or ,
Note: .No ·other document' ~hall be "teq·u1r13d-in the . · · leave it" st~nd imp)i'es tt,reat -(2 Al:UCENA, ·
registration of .C'BAs (D.<;>. No. 40-03, _Rufe XVII. . . ·. . . -:· ·. supra. at·.420); .· ._. . .
Sec. 2).'. :. . -.. · :. , . . .. · · c. . · ·· . ·. · · . • .· , : : ·. ·
: .... · ... ~ · · · Economic exigen.~ieS-dO ·not l1:1.Stify ~efusa_l: to
M~~da~Qry P~~visioiis.of-th~_CBA bargain .. · . ...:,:. .:-:- . _· . · ... · .. ·
1, · ·w.ages; · · · · . An emplqyer·.has peen .hel.d ~not ~uilty of :e~us~I ~o
2.. Hours of'l.vork; b~rgain by:adamantly rej~cting.the union's ~con9~1c.
3. Vaca.tlons and H(?l.ic!ays; . demands. where he is ,'operatin_g at aJoss·,. on a low·
4. : Borius.es~· · . : . · profit margin, ?r in a ·dep_r~s~_ed indu~~'Y.· as long· ~s.
·s: Pensron~ and retirement plans~ · he continues to . negotiate. But ·fii:,;mc1al. ha~dsh1p
6. Seniority'; constitutes- no: ex(:use for refu,sing. : to b_argain .
7. · Tfan~er; .·. : coll}~ctively (2 ~UCENA~ supraat 391).
8. L~Y,~offs; . .. · ..
9.. Employee_ \/V.orkloads;·

112 · J 2019 SAN 'S°EDA LAW CEN!RALl~.ED· S~R OPERATIONS ·. ·

 LABOR RELATIONS;o,p
$AN Bf:OA LAW GENTf?AL/Zf:D f1Al;I OPf:~TIONS - Mf:MORY AID

1t: ·
~ .
aia••~•-•••••11111!-••.
- ~.
.. ••••=•~-1111~11111amm•11eeD1:1_+mtaiH:;:swlllMm:llllli;am;mm1m+l!l!lam:11wE·flmtNJ',P1!.w.,=~
ll!l $'.:f
I

·$:. Absorptlpn Doctrine 3.' ·-Refusal to bargain during period oflllegat'strike;

! · Th1s. is' the process whereby a labor organization 4·_ . There is no request for bargaining;
f/ absorbs another, resultinq in th~ cessatlon .of the 5. Uni9n seeks recognition. tor ·an .inappropriately·
~ absorbed labor -orqanlzatlon's · existence . and the· 19rge .unit; . · .. .
"'.t ·. continued . existence · of the . -absorbing labor 6. · Union seeks to represent some persons who are
f .· organization; .e.q, \Vh·en: ·1·. company is sold, to . exclude(,1 from the Code;· . ·
1·- another, In such· case,'}he duty to· bargain whlch · 7. The rank-anc;l-flle union includes supervisors;
~t_ origirJally devolves -, upon .-the selling· · party is 8. Th~ demand .fot recognition and· bargaining is
r_. transferred to the·buyirig entity {2.AZUCENA, supra· made within the year following ·a· · c~rtification
,,:-.·at 211).: : , . . . . ,. · ·. . · · . ele.ctio·nin which. the.clear cho_ice was µno unior( .
~t', ,;, :. . : . , '. ' . . . and no ad. interim significant chang13 has taken
place in the unit; and. .. .•·. ·. . . . I.
}· Selling· the. Company: Duty of the-Transferor ·. ·
L '.Gen~r;il · Rule: Wbea an employer .wjth an existing 9: The. 'union makes unlawfuJ·bc;1rgalning,demands ·
f. ·. CBA_- is -:s.ucceed(;ld · 9y' _a_n.other. e~plqyer, .'t~.e·.. · · . (2 AZ.l;JCENA, supra·at-392~_394):· ·: .
..,'\' · successor-in-Interest ,who rs a. buyer in good faith .
• has ·no· liability: to the employees· in continuing· · Bargaining to th~
Point-of Deadlock o~1mpasse:
employment : and . ·.
the- .. collective· bargaining Not Necessarily '3ad_ Faith - .. . . . . .
~'- agreement because ttiese contracts. .are in 1. : Over a mandatory subject - pc1rty' may _insist.
) . · person.am.(Ferna.ndoy.: t,ng_at Labor Un/on, G.R. on bar.gaitilng . and will . not be ~bnstru~d as
~ · · N,o.·L--17896, May.30; 1962): . . · .r::.,.,,-;:':\ bargaining in bad faith: . . . . ,
J,l~. . ... ·. .,,. , .;1
,,· -=xce~tions:. · ·. .. :
1_ When · the successor-in-interest . expre'.sMy-'.'.''..j;\
· ;0:??.\,.
. Rea.son: Duty ta.barga_in·require~.ri,e~tj~g ~n~.
convening on the terms' and condltlons of
assumes the obligation; · : ·.. .· ';': /' , , ', · · :/.-·c:,...employM~nt1:iut does not recjuire assent to the
2. - The sale ls a device ~o circum,v~At the ?blir,,§lffo(;_,,;:Y '._S~:~h,E;Jr-.if~i:t'f's
3 .. The- sale. or transfer IS. made ln'bad f!=lttif,or . - '.'y 1.t '-~--r.
4. When there is abona fide· sale J?.~·(:f11y of. th~r.-:·a!'~ · 2. Over a ,,fi~:n-mandafory subject _.._ 'party may.'
.. . .
proposals. . .
. . . .. .
: · · ·

. . f?llowlng circu.ms~~nce?ar~. pre~ep~~-~1.C~A},y-, . . not insj,§tfoll-,.~a~gaining to_the peint of .i~p~~s~_. .

. [i· ·. ·

t.1 ·,
7··_. . . a. ·.Whe_re_.the:tratls~~t10_1.~.molJ.!-'l!.'s•t~~-er;ger·or
1 other,rlse1 h,1w1ll be coostrued.a_s bargammg m · ..
-corisohdation: . , >~:fY · ,IJ~· :::,.,.·· ·ir~} bad @1th ~2 A~UCENA1 s~p~ at 405). , ·.. .
, · b. . Transfer of !3s~_ets ai:il'.f:--~mplO'~e~s leave~:.'\ t~.'I\ · · .· // · Ji ·. ~ .· · · . ·. ·
~:·
· ·,intcict !he.!de~tityoflti~J?r,~E>Yfrii'f~~sin'e~s.;.::
.. · e. Wher~ !he pu_r~haser ?~t~1 m:~9j\~s,1on1,11ltfj . : :r:1~
·.- II] lll~sfr~Wi5i;1~}~'iW,;'.;f~loyer'~ insist_ence: tlrat_ ~e ., ·
unmn shocil.d:'..Qllil9-ge.1tsn~_~o~1~tor.betor:ebarga1.')1~g
~· 1h~ · .transferring . corpot~'Ji'~:.:.AA<\eva.de ... F •! can pr.oceed to the emJ?loyees' ~~ge and.be.n~_f1ts:1s
tr
J . .
· r~si:io~sib}l\tY .to· barg·ain wit~ e.f11pJoye&s ·
(sale m bao:.fc.~1t~); . . . ·.
t;ff 11;.a,t:l-.-jnst~~ce qt bad .ra,lth ~ar~ai~in_g b~c;.aus:e the·
<!"-_:;;-·".· ·.. ,_;/.,,,;i :c;0mp9,:;;Jj1Q[.1 . of the negotiating p_anel 1s not a .
t:-· .: d. · Wh~r~t~~ pur~hase_r, mer~ty £9,ntinu~~';{tie--~'.......:.,.;«manHater?y~ubject of bargaining. · .
ft. · . business· bf the transferring to'~brati09:~or . .. · ·
r: <,
·· e.' . Where. then~ is· , · e~pre'ss -l:\,r\>•-i!i!plied: ·
. Agreement. (2 · AZUCENA, stipra:tit.:3#9-
Hence, if Party A. i_nsists ri~· first :s~ttling 'a non-
mandatory subfeW befo(e·. _tackl.ing . ~ . mandatq_ry_·'.

t ~
{:;' . l~ck,
·
· ·-~39!),
:Stoc~
· · ·
·
·

r;s . Under this rule·; .the CBA propose9 by-the,uriion may

~.~.
· ·
:
~ni·ear~~t F{u\e {~i~k L~y· RliHng)_. '.
be. imposed loci( stock and .barrel on lh_e' emP:!oyer
· · · · subject,.P.arty e may cqinplaih thf;!t Party.A's po${Ore ·
. is:: jus_t .: an excuse tO· avOld- bargaining .on lh8·.
. mandatory, es.senti~I subjects' of. bargaining';: tl:lus,
· Party B can ch.arge'that Party.A is b~rgaining -in bad
faith 'or-' is evading bargaining oh·.. terms · and .
r who refused to. 'n'egotiate'·t;:1Ct;3A: The employer wlio
f. ' vjplates:. th~ _duty ··to. bargain._'collt:1ctiVely, -1.o~e!? its
. . c9n'ditions of _'.employme·nt...:....in· short:· :party· A is
. ·.. committin$ ULP {2 At_uc;·ENA,·supraat:405).·.:.
f : · statutory right.to· negoti'ate.pr· renegotia~e-the terms
~- ; . anct·,conditions of th:e draft .CBA proposed · by ti\~. · · Note·:\ivhat the ;ure·torbicts -is t.he,postureof m·~J<iog·:.
•.~.\_: . union: t::te!lc~,' the .·prqposals of.. the·:union may· b~ . ·-setttem~nt. of a 'non·mandatory -subject: a- pre/
a
t,r.·· . .
- .. adopted as the Ci3Atind,.ca'nseqtiently, imposed-on'
the employer, . .lo_ck,.. stock -and: barrel· (klok Loy. v;
NLRC, .q.1. No•. ~-.54~34.~~ar:,uary 22', 1986)..
condition to· the djscussi9n or. · settlemell~- of
mandaloryslibject'(2 ...... . . supra.at.·. 406)
AZUCENA,
· . ... . ' ·
Deadlock Is ·synonymou§_.··wjth impasse o/· a
t · Acts. n~t deem~d refu~a1 to bargain: · ·. · .. standstfn· which :presupposes reasonable effort hi
~i . .'1, ·· Adoption o'f an adam~nf.bargalning positibn. in -:. . .. ·good· faith bargaining bu.t ~espite noble.'lntentions

l .

'
fr{ ..
'/
gooa fc:!ith (UFE-DFA-KMUv. N'estle PH{;.lnc.,
G.R.· Nos. 158930-31, March 3, 2008); ·
2. Refusai· -to . barg~in .· over demand~ · fpr
commisslon·of ULP;
·
does :hot ·c~nclude' a.r1 agreement. betweeh the·:
parties (Divine·.W.ord .University:ot 'Tacloban v.
Secr~iary· of Lc!bqr, anc/ Employment,· G..R. · No:
91915, S~ptember.11, 1992) ..

,,f\'
~
.. 2019 SAN SEDA
·.. LAW CENTRALIZED.BAR OPERATIONS
. I 113.
 i CW&if_f¥i;i PN2~411¥5Gb&Jt#¥'1£=1¥i-•Wi V:VI
ilitittAd 41.R fl I RISI¥
*'
LABOR.RELATIO·Ns ·.
, . SAN.BEpA LAW CENTRALIZE[! BAR OPERAT/ONS ·- MEMO(IY AID :ib19 ·. .
' ~ ij~lla$ &JiWiSffl\&tMi&tilW#!f'lmF Alfdl>v&af .,j@1Fal'I liR-WA .
:0#iiiAtiSEWf!kdi\iiiEE!fJiAMMMIZ$Kflilllt4fflJPJ:WiPIWI
. ·......
· Deadlock does not mean the end of bargainfng: It . No petition questioning ttie·majority status of the
sign~ls the need·to contin~e the.-ba_rgaining wi.th the incumbent b_argaining agen't shall be entertained
assistance of a third pa~y. as conciliator or arbitrato'i·. and _no c_ertificalion el.ectfon shall be condueted
· . who~e .first' aim is to gel the parties to negotiate (2 by the . _ DOLE . outside the· ,60-day periap
AZU.OENA;'supra at 407). . imtnediately prior to t~e expiratior'l"of such 5 y~ar
term of the <;:BA. _ . . . . .. . .
Re,ned.ies.. in : Case of a Deadlock· . in the '· 2. With respect to all o_th~r provisions (e_conomic
Renegotiation of tl:te.CBA . . arid . ·no_n-ec,onomia '• .ot_her '.. tha.n.
The parties mayexercise the· following: (Nt,.SL) · · representatiqn~I), · of Jhe · CBA, it . shall - be
· 1 .. · pall upon the MCMB to mtervene for the purpose renegotiated not _later than 3 -years after . its
· ·:·:of conductinq conclllatlon preventive mediation: _execution'.(L/\BOR COQ~, Art 2'(,p).
2, . 'Refer .the matter fpr voluntary ~rbitratiQn or
· compulsory arbitration (D:O. No. ,40-'03, Rule · Freedom! Period. is the 60-day. pe~ipd immediately
· -XX/I; Ser:;. f));" 0r: · · ' : preced!_i1g·fhe ~Xpiratidn·of the· represeniation period
. 3. Declare a. Strike· or Lockout· upon cornpflance · of..5 yei:jrs in ~he CBA (2 A_Z.UCENA-,.supra at .J79).
·:' ,: witt,l. the legal requirenients·. This:is the remedy
th~ .
.
. of last resort (/RR .of the LABOR·CODE; B'ookV, ·
···Rule XXU, Ser.;. 7, a$'.arriei,qed by D.Q.

.
03) ..-; .
., , ··
- · .. .
·
·
·
· :

· Ge~iral Rule_:When;,t1J.er!3 is ·an ~xistjtief.'c8~4ti:i~

40~ ·-.
· ·
· .. ,
No,
~~=-- . '-~~--~
~,._.
-

l
. Wt'rat. may be done. ·d~'ring,
. perl·od:·_(D1ET) ... · .. ·
· 'j ;· · "' · _ 'i:l_n1Qn to form a local ·ar mdependent union only .
j'\/dqrin'f~~:;6o_~day
60-~day·. ·freEiddm.
. .
Jab()r. u~ion may _Dis8:ffiliate_ from· the_ mother

fr~_ed?m. period. immediat~ly.

. .

· do~y to bargain. colle(?tive!Y· :shallt,1.~0~a.o_l1l,~t~=::=~,;ffeec~d[J;1~th~ ,?xpiratlon of the. -·CBA _ (2 .

. neither . party shall terminate . ptir· mG;91!}!,1PSU.G_h . • . .'A~lt_eENIJ.\~IJPraat 207); . . . . . . ... .. a.. .
agreement _during its _lifetime. l!r,1:r''tl'lftjJJ.JW,£..tbelh""-'T~~·b..J?~li\i'?b~for ·~-~rtif[cation'J;lec_tio~ may b.e flled ·
· · •
parties te: · -
·. - . . · - . ''4s:_r' ~"'o· 'Lf'
T--,,__.f a, ?ff . ·
1!'J) "'if' . . "'-"'T · · ·(2
· AZuG~MA~tc:u.ora
c- ~S:'"' ·'!&'" ·1, at· ,2791-
· I• · - . - : .· · ·,
'_1.·, 'Keep th.e sta.tus quo; and/' . -'':/_ · fil .. ir ·- ;a.\. E.ith~/ pa~( :can1setve _ a ~ritten. .notice to ·
. 2'.. ··To continue m the full fa~~-~ and;~ff(?ct.theterms· 'tl · · .. Ier . mate.\0~1fythe agreementat)e~st 6.O

. : ·.. -: · _ -: -. _ · · · , . .- ·_ · · · · :t1·~-11.f· · i--

. and conditions.of the extst!!j~'GBA. .:
\ --~.- _-"sr· .. P--.., ~ys ·.'Ptior\tg:..:.J.tfteipirati_on p~r-i:?ci ·(on. re-

.tr.;' #'.C:i)eg9t1~ble/n~>n~repr~se_nJ~tl9.~al aspect of .the __

.Exc.eP!•on: . .Dunr:i!J. th_e ~o d~~-Yt~~nod _e..\!.~r. to .~_t ·,"1'.JSJJJIJI'.,i::) . cs'fJ,~2-AZJ{1~eNp!~·',supra,,at > .: .
.292). ·.
expirc1:t1on, upon · service.. o · a...:.writlen1,n9.tit:e of- a>-~ · , - . J}o-i -- , · : - . , _ , · ·. , · , · · · . . ·
• • • l '\\1
_ .:p~rty's in.tea~iori.~o -tei:rninaJ 1; Qr tn~ify -~\ar1~··.af. I !Jtf._uu_s
. P.arty ·may. choose:.to. ter.mma.fl:):!'o~ i\iad1f%:~'lt(?
~.>

:r;~A.}31 ~1:1-twh:a _
\'.~.:..&e--~~~~·"· "f..:-,. - ~·- •, 1.J
> . : · · _ . _, ·
'-~~~t~~n~ :··· .. · .. · . .
~}re--Ofo.Cu_rs a J~h!ft ,.n- the employees'_ urnol')
• '

rep~es~!1t'.3tional afpect_aof tf\-.CBA~\~}Y~!,l'Jf'-'1 . :_'·~:~f,iy~~e. -~fe(:·~~Je~ecu\i9n· .:of a_, collective ·

. expiration-qf·CBP._o~.Jixe.d Qurc1_~l0Fr·(l:At~pf:? c,pw_-~"" · ~~1t11ngl'co_ntr~t··-~.w1t!'• _ t_he · empl~Ylj!r, ·: _the, .
Art._ 264). · · · . . :_. ·. ..,~ · -\,~:,Sc~µ~PJo_, Yjf}~ (;_a~·c.h,~nge_.t~Erir.agent.(the'la.b_O[u_n.1on);
_ . .. • · , · - .. ". . ~· . . ~" ,~--~~f)?e~cQV,~1~,,bargammg:.contract_.v~h1ch1s sJ1II
Automat.1c_~e~ewal. ~la use·· . ,,~iS.Yl-~~='!~sls~~~J.~~tmuf;ls:to blnc(t~·e.employees.:UP tc:>- its·.
':,__.Th.e. CBA_ shal.1. -re_mc!.in_effective a.rid ~e-t1t.9~{ble · p-)f :l~{~J~tt~,l:late; :r~ey i:nar: ho.~ever,_~argain for the
... eve? aft~~ th~ ..exp1rat!on·:of_ the l.)er.i?.~ fi~e·ct,:tt~".)_e J5.-_li._J:stio.~emng pf sa1q ex_p1rat_1on d_ate.· - · · · ·
:. parties. as long as---nonew-agreement 1s reach_ea·:oV'~"'_...,.... . . .
. 'theij,; (LA~OR ¢0Dl:;;.Arl; 261,)... · .- .. ~ ·_i" ' The: emplq'yees cannot r.evoke' tl')e"vafidiy e~ecµted
-~ · · --- · · ,· · colf~Uve.bargainihg cohlractwifhthefr employer. by
. . :'Rea~~~-:: To -~void.. 'or· pre~ent .a. situ.ation Wh~r~:
.. collective bargaiAing·agre:einenl .a·li would. govem · ·at
nq - : . _· . the·- siinple . expedient. o( c;_tia.nging :their bargainihg
agent .T_he·· new .agent. j:rn,.1~t respect. the ·contract .
. betwe.en.the employer- comp-ariy-and its .erflploy~e$-- . (E3engqe.(t:;ari~olii:;la(ed;.'/n~.-·y.Sci'.E1J1ploye.es.-and
. :· :Worker.~.Uni0n-PAi=J:.O, G.R. No.; l.-2471-1; Apri!:30,. ·
'Note: The Aut~matic Renewal j'Jertains .:~nly to ·th~ - : 19:68). ·. - . ··, .. · . . . .. . . .
econ.omic ·provisions of-·~he CBA ~nd·.does ncif.-:
include representational aspect qfthe CBA'(PtcoP Li:nit~u-qn_-~s- to·1ts--App1i~~u~~- :.. .
. Resources, Inc: · v. ·· Jjequill;:1; G. R:. · ;No.- 17?666; . -l_t ca"nnot be:-.invol$ed'to.support the c;ionteritionJhat a·
o~cem.be~ 7;:2011). :. - ·,. . _:_-- · · !']ewly · . certified·.· .co_llectlv~ .... batgaining ·. agent
automatically assumes alllhe, persoRal'undertakings
A~TICLE · -2ss:· i-ER~s .· _oi= ·.,-A ·:·9oi.:LecTivi ·. of the former. agenl - ·like the "rio strlke. clause" .in the
E}AR_GAINl!"!G AGREEMENT .(CPNTRACT _BAR . CBA executed by· t.he latter· (BenguetCoilsoltdated,
RULE.)·.· · ·: ·. _ - . . . ·, ; . · . ·... · .: 'Inc. v. BCJ Employees FJnd Work~rs Union-PAPLU;
Ouration of the CBA . . .:. . . . . G:R." No. L~?47d1,~ ~prfl 30;. . 1968).. . · . .
1. .With. r~spect to the· ·represen~ation aspect,. tti~ ..
,same lasts for·s·years._· · · · · ·

114 I 2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRAUZED BAR OPERATIONS ..

 Oh IA iC H. i+ PWIAFH

LAi30lt RE.LATIONS
SAN BE:DA LAW CENTRAL/ZED BAR OPE:RATIO'f:/S - ME:MORY AID 2019 r-
IDifi:S-iifMAM
iW·WA¥49·MHi#iH,,iP.O#diCWi4WW!f·f &ilHP N1HMPPiH&bi!if&M'tiS&i>4W£tli,&M;i~t1T.

Freedom Period.v .· 60•day Period because the date agreed upon shall be the start.
. . . ·:·.- . =·=~= of the period of agreement (Manila E/ectronic
Co. v.. Quisumbing, G.R: No. 127598;· January ·
zr, 1999)., . ' . . .

Nbte: .Art. 265 -on ·relroactiori does notapply if

last 60 days : of ,th~ "Notice ; period" .. for the provlslons were imposed by' the Secretaryof
CBA's· 5th' year 'of the. renegotiation· . of an Labor by virtue of arbitration. Itapplies only if the
representational aspect expiring, CBA; refers Jo -.agreement w~s voluntarily made by the parties
modifying .. . · 0( .'(St.' Luke's Medical Center, tnc:v. Hon. Torree,
renegotiating · the CBA , G.R. N.o.·99395, June 29, 1993). ·
'p,rqvisions other' . than : .
repr.esentatjon~I. . also .Parties may ~gr:ee on. the· s.uspe.ri~ion.of their· ..
' caned: ' . ''.'economic, . CSA for a certain period .. ··· . ·. · , · .. ·· ..
· Art. 265 cif the Labor Code has a 2~fol.ci"purpos~:
· 1. · Promote industrial stablllty · and , predletabllity;
.. .and · · . · ··
:". 2. Assign specific timetables wherein negotiations
a
.. become matter of right~ and requirement .

.,., <7t'°' . . Nothing ·the'rein prohibltsthe parties from waiving· or.':

ERis_not a pa'ity ..' ER.. .ls a. P.~rty
· . . .._: .';;.,-, · 0''
·-· ,ii\ suspe_r.iding·.thernandato ry tlmsta bles andaqreeinq
'--~-'------.,.--'-'---,.------;-,t'.. ,.f~':.,;,._;,~,\;; on t~~ rerneclies·t9.enfo(ce the sflm~_(Rive.rav. Hon.
(2 :(l.ZUCENA,supra 'et 493): . lj f, ,· ,,,;J Espmtu, G.B,.No. 135547, January23, 2002).· .
. ·· · · ~ ,,~·•>,A;un~.~,;-/;..~ .s: ,l . . - . _..,. .. · ·
Economic ~r,ovision.smay_Jnclude_: . ~,:j:-;f. ~:YJ1r--·~·'ri!6ti?i.:~_i(~tenti~~ to terminat~,am~n~ or alter
1. _ Wages m9,:ea_ses, ·, -1?~ . . , /\ ;l the pro~1s10!.\!~l~f th; CSA ~hall be filed ~1th~n the..60-
2. Loan· benefits, .. , \;·\J(.·. .}.,-~~ · . day period,{irgm~d1~tely_pnor to the. expiration of the .,
3. Bonuses; · _ · °A!,f i''~:l ,. );) ·CSA (LAE,l!J~.(!QDE!Art. 2q4). . . .
4. Allo:"'ances; , . ,;,-;_/..... 1;.r. ~ ~ f'!,! '. ·. ,i.. 'l{ ( \,' . · ·
,; 5:" Retirement Plan; and . /£,:' · e,.... . A .i'''l Procedl!l're·tor Registration· ' · ._ · ' .

•.: · · · . . . · ; . . . "' ~,. .

W,t ."6'... other-fri!].ge.
- . benefits. ,, '"?"1«,:r,;,~~l>\- . ~-~:. -
.~ ..o ·\1 "':.Z~ \..
,i,v.~·~.\ · ,;:-.:;~·, t!f ~
"r4
t:l ·
'I •
1.:· STI6'ffi»ssi~n'o'r~op-ies
"'.l;..•" •• ,.~:ft-li.-.~;..;r .
of the CB'A.to .th'e 13LR ·or.
thEl reg_iQr.ia,k0ffrcesof_DO\:E with1~";30_days from

if: :
~
Non~E~onom1c ~ro'-':1s1on~may·.~·~!~~'.'-!/\
1. Urnon Si:icunty cJaus~s1 ..- . . . . \0,
.;. ·. 2: Labor-managf;:!ment codp~rat1or:i s9J:!~1'!_'~··... '·.
'.' 'i •. • . .

3. Griev.ancewo~e'dures'.·and. . · . ·~~')f ·. ,/!~!»'t.!"'.'"··. '-'-lt·!~:.:.veFified

/I ,eXE;QUll<;>n, acpomp_~n1edb_Y th? following:_ .
~:~,,,...:.~a,. V_enfied proof of posting 1n 2 ·c9nsp1cuous
.)w.iu '.·;;;.,.·,~.Rlapes· in the place of work; and
· proof of mtif.ication by the majority
.

~: · ~- . othei,r: P;ov1s1o~s,, witho~t . m~\1fary./Y.~.ue· .. : .ofalf.the workers in the bargaining.-unft;. < ·

~~ ·:, (Economic_:P'9.v1s1ons ot,"<;ol~f;Cti~e~~!fJ!f_nll:7g. 2; . Actio'nupon the_applicatio~ for·r~g\strationwithin
~_ . flgreemefl0ts Jn .bzo.2160.,18.;,h,ltpp,n_e ~Stat1st1c~ · .,. 5 calendar d~ys. from rec;~1ptther~of; . · ·
Y',?.: .. Authority, ecem. er' . ~: . . ,.: ··. 3... The'·r~gional.offic.eshall fl.lrnisn {he,BLRwith a
- · · · ··copy of the .QBA · within 5 days ..Jroi:n its
i~-'.. ,.. . ffectivity.. an.d-·Retroactiv.i~,.H>of ·other· i;conomic.
E. · · · ·
subm1ss100; . . .· . . ·. .
t:. ~·PiOViS~.Ons.b(the·C~A.~·.·7.... . ... -.': .. ·. . .4: The f?LR J>r. .'regiona.1 ',office shall.. ~s~ess.the
1. If CSAis the very first for ttie barm:1iningunit,: the employer'tor evE;)ry_CBA, ·a regist~ationf~e of not.
· ·parties liave fo·decide the·C'E!A's effectivitycfa1te;· less than ·P1 ,ooo·. or ~n;:. ·amoµnt. deemed ·
2. ,.'Those made within. 6 .months 'aft~r the da.te,' Qf. a'ppropri~te·l:>y'the Se.ctetar'y'of.L"'bor;" : · · .
,,
·expir.y of the · CBA are . subject to c1utomatic 5. . Issuance:. of Certificate of. Registratic:i!i, (I.RR:of
rf;:!trOacticin to · the .d,ay immediately ·following . the. LABOR . CODE, Book V; Rule XVII, as
... such.date ot:e)(piry: .. :. . . .. . . ':amendedby D.0. No. 40~03). - ·

··.Exam pl~: C~A ~xpired- oh ·p~cembe'r 3.1, ;New . Not~:·.Registration·af the CB~ is not'a re~uisi.te for
~- ·~
· .CBA concluded on Marc.h 31. The ~ffectivity . : its .va.lidity. The. certification of {he CBA. by the SLR
t·.
;-i.
·dt1te is J·~riu'ary
.
(2 AZUCENA supra af.434}; and
' '
· i~ hot'reqi.Jired to put a. ~tacnp of .validlty to such
<· . contract.. Onqe._it is· dqly entered Jnto.:and: sfgned by,
·:~... · 3: · Tflose conclud.e'd after .6 months:frol"(l expiration . the..parties, ·a" csA l!e.comes effeptiveas between .
r. of·tne old CBA. 'the··parties ma}' c,1gree on the
date of refroaction. This rule applies only. if there
the. parties regardless of whelher. or .riot the .same· ·
. has ·b~een .certified by .the BlR (Liberty Flour· Mills.
is an existing. agreement. If there is no. existing. · · .' Employees- y. Liberty Flour lyfills, lne., G.R. Nos.
·agreemenf, there 'is no retroactive·· effect 58768-70, December.29, 1989). ·

2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZl::D BAR OPERATIONS I 115 ·

 LABOR . R.E.LATIONS-
SAN 8EQA°'i:Aw.c£NTRAl1ZfD ~R O,PERATIONS - MEMORY AID' 2~19,
RMWfYM CMS MriR4?'?* . 49# .,.
'ARTICLE 266:·INJl:.INCTION PROHIBITED· .Jurlsdlctlon to tssue Iniunctions ·.
. General Rule: No _'temporary 'or permanent General Rule: Regula~ courts are without. authority ·
inju,nc~idnor. restrairi)ng· order .in any .case involving to- issue 'injunction orders in cases 'involving 'or
'. or growing out of labor disputes shall beissued by - . originating from tabor disputes. even if the complalnt
·• . any~· court
. or other.
. ,,entity (LA80R
·. . CODE, Art.
. 266}'. was filed.. by.' non-strlklnq employees and -the
· .employer-·-was made a .· respondent: To· hold
· Except.ion~:.: : . otherwise-is 'to sanction splitting ofjurtsdlctton which
'1. ."fo · enjoin or restrain any actual -or threatened is obnoxlous to 'the orderly .administration -of justice .
commlsslonof any or-allprohibited <>(unlawful· (Af)do .v. cempo, 'G.R, No .. 18,4007, Fe'l>rliary 16,' · ·
acts cir to require the performance of a particular , 201~~ .
act'.iA · any labor dispute which;."if 'not restrained
or : performed .forthwith', ; may cause . g,rave . or : Exception: A reqular court may issue 'injunction to
lrreparabte . da'mage :· to ~ny 'party .: or': render protect.the. interestof neutral· employers in common
ineffectual any. deoston-Jn favor. .of SU.Ch party situe picketing,'..prQVJ~ed'the injunction. does . not in.
(LABO,R pODE, Sec. 22f5(e)); an1:l- ' ,. · · · .a.fly. wa,y curtail theriqhtof theunlon to..str_ike and/or··
·.z. · Wf:lei:1, in tlie· opinion of ·~ecretary'of Labor 'and picket (Repqblic FlourMii{wo;kers."A$soc.y, ·Re}'es,'
·Emplpymerit,: there ... exists a labor. dispute ·.:. ··. ·c;.R.:No. l·-21-378, November 28, 1966r .
. :causing or likely 10'· cause a.strike or lockout .!n' ·. . ... , . . . . . . . . .
~n. · indµstry .. i_n~ispen.saol~: to: the-.. nat!~~L...-r.1.,.-~~I:.:.ln ca~.~s of _strikes/~lcke~ing; third parties or .
interest, theSecretary.ofl::ab<?randE'm.eJp,yn:ien~ t·J'-
·1(l~i'Ce!').~bystar:id~rsmay secure a court _(rE)gular
may assume i!Jrisdicli90 o.v~r.:th¥~§.euttJmd· . "lo,yrt}}injQr-i.q,tionfo p~otect their· rig~ts (PAFLl./ v.
-:decid~ it ·or ·certify~~:same.toJ.)Jie:<9omrrj.i:sp_g,.,a,,u::a-==::°"Q)p_riQ~l i-vG,8n~o. L-29878, March 28, ~$69). : -·
. . · for compulsory. ar.b,tr~tion (L"3A~~R <Jf>Pl~f§ec.. . . · ~~~.' " ·. ,1~, · - '. · · : : . . ·
2,78/n)) · · 1
/JP' -....=-"='~·-;..,,.,,,;._ ·~ -1",'r
l~. ·t . : \( · ~~~;~\~~\,)£·
'$ .)><), '!-- .. · ·· \.. · ·

.Nol~:-·~:/ ~~~m.issio~ ~sh~· {f;Q.t:·r::r':':!..J6('~

issue tempor~ry restraining 6.' 9ers ir{such 1,ases '· · · ·_;_}. ltEi£~E§ENTATIVE · · · ·
B~ilGAt.~iNG ·. ·..
only att~r due . n~tlc~ ~nd~z elf=ini,t A~y,;ex-'jFan.e-. ·1ru1-"- ·-:-~~ 1· ' • \'.' • _., ?i · · ·. .· . . .· ·. . . :
res~ainlrig.ord.er·1ssu~d·_b~ ttfe..Qc6:mm1ss1on,.or;Th-'~~~! r, p ff, . -di ·
~ ' .. . -·. · . : ·
?ha,rm~n or-V~ce-Qha1rma wQfr.e~.the cori=li:n1ss_~~.zaf,ft~T°f<;;lf,~-- f6't:~=~CLUSIVE. BAR<;;AININ'G
ts. nqt .,.n. s!,lssion, shal, beJ if°ahd, ,~or ~).Ai no~<:::SEP.R~~-~~:tA]ION·
· (?xceed_ing 2.0 days (/RR oftl~fr·L'rft~ R.~ffhi _O,@!<fifl ~ !.,f~A~)Jrcr..lP-
f .-
\1<'{'Nl-""'lfil'·
', ·.AND . · v,'lORKER'S
:?OLICY.. :ANO. -DECISION
:r
v,. _Rule. XX/I, Sec. 1_4,. a$ -a"!~Rfl~'(J D. ~~~4,?r.Wa - 6:(~t,~~}~¥, · ..f ·... : ''. . -·. .· . · ,· .
03), ·. - · . ·. _ .. . '!<i.. , · '.\\:- : tP~~ .I -~~~~ e_ bir-~1:11ni~Qj}_;5_Ju~t -~~e .of-.the forms. of .
. · ·. . .. _ . : . · .. · · .. , .. · ,· .~ ..... ·:. ~. : . ~,.~JiPlfy~e-~rti?1pa~J>n,'."nd ,t !~ 1ri.c:qrrectto saY. th~t
R.eason:· lnJunchon ·contradtcts-~~he ~on~t,t~l!..c@f~Effit~~e~!.Ye.... w~.ich,;~e.cures~~du'$trt~1 demoi::ra.sy.is ..
· pre~erenc_e for·. vol~~tary. - .mo{les . ~fr-~~gill~---c--9}~\?-~}.Yf·!J~.r.g~jj11)1g:and· .n? ,<;>tti~r..'~a(js. why·f'rt.
settle~en_t. :' , .... ·: .· -~·-IS}u"'."'~.,,...-~q<·fSf€8Jld ..tsen.t,=mc1::, reserv~$ .. tt:ie. ng,ht_ o~ _an
. . . .' : : . . . . . .. . ·. · . ·, . ~~-.. l . \J1!.'}ff!~~1~Uj[7employe~or group -o.t .em8lo1ees
.. : T~e follo~in·gar,e.a~thC?r1:z;ed·to 1s~~uemJ~~~l:t~ • _!t{§~iarlf.zed.o~ un-unio_~tz~d. o~. i~~ide• or.. 9.~t.side a.. ,.
i;>r i:estran11ng otc!ers: ·. : . , . - . . . .· · '. ·
0-
.u.rnon) .to .:present gnevaf!Ce$ ., to. their· employers
. ·1.-- :N!-RC. (LABOR CODE; ,!'Vt 225};. . -. · ·. · ' attyti.me.(2-A,ZUCENA, supra 456-497). st . ,., .
·z .. Presldan·t- ln-cas~ aflabordisp1,1te in ir:idustrjes · · · ·- · · ,.
- ·. W.hich are 'indisp·en.sabie-' fo. national ,interest· : l;x_tert· 6f ~h~ ._°\Vorke~s· )~·1.Q~t·_to. Parti'cleate in'
· .' (LABOR-CODE, Art. 278 (g)); and ·.· · · · .. ·. · Policy a_n~..Oecislof:l~fylak!:1;19'Proc.esses .....
· 3. · Secre.tary·:...::in..c~~e Of l;:ifior d)spute in ..itidustries . · ... Such right refers .only to pai:flcip,ation ir:i grievance
. which are indisperisabie to riational interest, the . proceaures,qn_d voluntary modes of settling di~putes
·.·secretary :may assuf\le.· jurisdiction· ·oyer . the . -and not ..to torrnuiatio.n,·of corporate 'programs·and
· .. dis·p.ute.or·_c.ertify .tl'\~ ~atrle:.-tp, t~e cor:nm!.s.~ion ·: ~ .. policies (2Azi.JcENA, .. supra:at 45~). ··... .
. . . ,for c:;ompulsory ~rbitr'!:ltion: Such a.ssumpt1on· or . · · . · ·
9
·., certification.shan have..u:ie ette·c~ of.automaticany. ·.: · . o.ne-unio~•. _ aa-c·orripanx-·..P.oiicy · -~·rovides that- ·
. " ·~nj.oining tl:ie intended o~ impending *ike,. lf'one:.. tlie pro'literation :of ·ul"!i(?ns .in ai, employer::u·nit. is
.. has already take~_place, all sttikln9 <;>r '?~ked_ o_tJt . · ... di~couragec;I as .a ,matter ·of _policy unle~s: there .aJe.
.. employees shall 1mmedlat~ly_retum to work and . . corn_pelling· 'reasons. whic;:h would deny a certain ..
. the empl?yet. sh~II : imme'C:llatelY. . n:fadmit . · ·. class. of empl<;>yees the- r!ght 10 self-orgariiz~tion. for ·
of
· emplpyees· . arid' resum,e, operations· . (LABOR ... · , '·. purposes collective bargaining (J:llilfi~nco Service
'· ·.. CODE,-Art. 278.(g))._ ·. . , · Enterpri~es v. .'BLR,. G:R. No. 85?4'3, June 28,' 19£#9).

116 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED.BAR OPERATIONS ·

 'LAe·oR-RELATlO.NS ·i;,~?~
.. !1~~ll
·· IIM4W§IN I sas SAN'BE:;~ww':=::,~;i;EAATt:,Su;!,:;.C:Rf.:~o2r;19 IH4M;~ i+•nPl/Z';·M;~:E·,!,!~~
Exceptions: Excl:uslve Bai:gaini.ng Representativemeans any
1 .. Supervisory ~mployees·who are aliowed to _form · . l_egitlmate labor organization duly recognized or
. tl:ieir own union·s apart -'from the ran.k-and-fil'e · certified as -the sole and exclusive bargaining
employees; and . . . . . . . representative or agent of. <!II_ the employees in a •
· 2. The policy should yield to the right of el'l')pioyees· . bargaining.:unit (JR/f of the. LABOR. CODE, {3ook V.· .
. to. tor~ unio'os 'or associalions for. purposes 'not ...Rulf!! 1, ~ec '1(t), as·amehded by D:"0. No. 40-03).
· · contrary to law, self-organizaHon··and to. enter .. .
· ,.into colle.ctlve·t;,argainlrig n·egotiatlons (Barbizo.n. · Four. Factors. in Determining:· the Appropriate .
'PHL' v. 'Nagkak_ais1;mg.'Supervisor ng Barl)izon,.. · Bargaining u'nit: (G.GEH} ·: . . · · · . · .
etc:,. ·G.R .. No: 113204-0.5,_.September 16, ·19~6). · 1. .Qom~unity of tnterest-Doctrlne cw Substantial
Mutual jnterest,' Rule - affinity· and unity of ,
f . Note:. Two cornpanles .. cannot . be · treated into · a . . .. employees' . interest, .. such .as substantial
.if>· .slngle· bar9.airiing unlteven if tt'!eir businesses· are : ,slmilaritY. of work . and. dunes, or 'simil~rity -of.
l related (Diatagon Laborfederatio_nLoca.1110 of the · compensation.: and working· condltions (San_
t. ULGWP v. _Opie, GR No. L-4449.3~94December 3, Miguel 'Cprp. · EiTJployees Union PTGWO. '(.
. ;: · ·19_80): Subsid.iaries or corporations formed out 'of Confesor; G.R. No. 111202, · September 19,
:t- forlT!ijr "diyisioris·.of a mothercompany following· a ' ·199fiJ ..
4. reorsa.nizat,on may constltute a separate,bargainlng. · ...
~- unit (2 AZUCENA;'supra at 470). · · · The fc;,llowing ar.e factors that may · be··
·i -: . · . · ·. · · :;..-, consldered:
·La~or _- lllla~agement-. C~i.m~fl deals.. ··v,:°ith:·· j~.e?Yf[- . ·
a ". Similarl_t~· tn the _sca~e· and manner of
employer o.n matters ?lffe·cttngthe employee's ngn\s!!,'(\1-s . -. · .. ·-.d~t~rm!nin~·ea,:nings, · . ·. . · .
benefits and welfare: (2 POQU/Z, sup1q at .28-2),.l':{{,1"'.''.'i !;}A · . . . b. S1m1lanty in -the employment beneflts,
.• · .· . . . . ·.. . . . )i-tF.-·'. ,.,•! . _. )Jour~...of- ';"Ork. _and other. terms and
An . Excepti?n.. to the· ·:e~clusivenes~ · ?!f·.f~~-··w··f ~"'·-:-,~''.'.~$.n.~1tJ~ns oy_empl_oy;"1~nt; · .
Representa~,v~ Role. of Labor Org~IJ!!~ton. rs -.:/ (.,.. . · . _. :-•-c,.:!.-~1r;n_1lanty in· .the kinds of work
l!'ldlvid.\.la!Grh,wanc~ . . , - . . ('_'F'. .. /\-~1 ~-. ..
;G>,rU?tn;ie~'. .. .. . . · .
Tb~ ·lpt?c>r organiz~tion. is a represemf~.U£e·of thy··1... d. J.91~~anty in the qu_al1fic~t1ons, sk1lrs and
_:.collective ~r'nployee&, ·out this facta!b'heL'tfp,:as' not' · It~ i{ t~~m'Rg of the employees;· . · . . .
mean that an employee. can· 9,~f(enly.tn.tpugh ti),~ . ':~ . · jl' · Fife~l\enp.y of· c~nt_act or, 1nterctian~~
represe_nt!31iVe.. An ·individuj:lt,.;._o/flp[Oy"_fr~ has :a':\·. .li'-J ,¥ : _a,ron9<1th·~empl~}'.~es; .
·.' .pers?n~I · right. to. handle ~t:' own..,,..srJllvall'e.6ft'. 1.,._1_ ~;~·~~~~~tJ;cpr?x1m1ty;. _ .
unassisted· by any. represen~fo,e (7-,~.:J.ZVCEtsrA )· !'~:· . -g~.t'~q~1;11:11ty._ or. integration of production .
si.tpra at 458). ·. ~-'t:v-6A~5, ... · · ]/ · · t''tf· · ..
Proces~es; . , ·.. . . . . · .
.. · . '. ·. · : · \~.,- _. _t1\ ' : .,[.T.. .,· · ... h... Common su~er:v1s10~ and_deten:runation,
·. · · · · · · · . . . "t;:~~j . · _; "'.,t",!J:,·i-~ pf, laboMeJ·ations policy; : ·
· . · • ·· . · .. tj,rf ·- . · · ·:~'- .:...,:.'~!'.::,.~~1';!:)Hjstoryof ¢ollectiv.e bargaining; . · · ·
, .': DETtRMTN'ING·TH~ .. ·{{/': . ·. · ·: .} Desires.<;>ftne af!ected empl~ye~s; or
. · BARGAINING
· · ·
UNidi&'.·~/it . . . . . _
. . . ·~, ·
· .
k,. Ext~nt · of union 9rgan1Zijt1on (2
.. AZUQENA,. supra _at 460-461): · . . ·
. '
' •. . I ' . . .· •.. • • •· - .. •
.... i=>ieference .. i!? giv~n. in tli~ . appiic~tio'n of.' the
s·argainl.ng· u·nit is a:.group of employees'.of a given · ·G_ommuni!Y of lriterest Doctril")e·.in _dete~rnining
employer, co'mpri.sed.of all or less .than··all th~ eritire. ·; . ..the_f1ppr.oprjate ~argai~_ing unit. _. .... - . .·
. bqi;i'y of u:ie. e'mployees;.·wt,fch, co11·s1stenf with -eq~ity ·
. to the .employer; indicate to: !)e. best suited to. s_erve .Note.::Geiog·;~phl~aiiocatlon· cart be: co~pletely· · .
· ·.'. th\he~lprQcal rights and· 'duiies of. the· parties u'nder .dfsregarded'if tt,e commi,inal·or'mutual j~tere$ts'· ·
. the coH.ective bar.ga!ning prOyisi.on the.Jaw (/RR_ of. of · of the e·mploy~e~are not sacrificed (San Miguel
the. LABOR .CbDE, ,Sook .V, Rufe·/, Sec .1(d), .as. : Corp.· Stipervfsbrs fJnd·. Exempt ·Emp/pyees .
a-,rfendfid PY D:o: No. 4<J.:O~). . . . · .. Unio.n v.. Laguesma, G.R,. No. ·1·10.399, August"
. .·. . _15, 1997).__: ·. · • . · .: · . . . · .. · .
. 'ARTIG-LE. 26ij:. REPRESENTATIOtf' IS$UE · IN
t.
~:
· ..ORGANIZED ESTABLISHMENTS.
· -.- = 2 .. Qlobe· Doctrine. - based. on .the_:exPress .will:_or
~- 0 269: . desire ·of th_e,employe_es. . .· .· . . . . ... •'
·ARTICLE .PETITIONS IN. 'iJNORGANIZED
-ESTABLISHMENTS· . . . ... . . . !n defining 'th~ ap.proprla~e .bargc!ining unit for
... . purposes . :of collectlve . b,:irgair.iin'g, th~
. ARTICL~.270: WHEl1fAN'E}'.JIPt.qY_ER MAY.t=ILE determining factor is the .desire of. the workers ·
PETITION ··. ·. · - · . · . ·· themselves. (2 AZl,.l.CENA, sup!J1 at 169-467)
..

2019 'SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZ!=D BAR OPERATIONS I ·117

 ** #PW1Mi4W028Fff i ,. Pifdi 61151

SAN f!ED{t.{AWCE/IITRALIZEQ BAR OPE(IATIONS - MEMOR.Y-AID201~ . .

~M-DlliMPS . MR M'IR i\S,i5'fi,-
MWieiSitilidE1t!iih£§&i4:d¥1U

Foreign-hired teachers do 'not- --belbng · 10 the.

bargaining unit.of the.Iocal hires because the . ._( .........._s_E_._B_A_C
__E_R_.
T_I_F_I_c_A_T_'J_o_:
N
__ __.
former have not indicated their-intention to be
· grpupedwith the latter for purposes of .collective · ·
.. bargaining. .A,itho·ugp foreiqn-hlres.: perform 'iloluntary_Rec~gnltion ,
· . ··s'ii,~iiar functions· under the. same · ~orkln·g ·. It js th-~ process whereby the employer recognizes a
condttlons <;1$ the locat-hires; foreign-hires are labor· cirganizaUon as the exclusive bargaining
accorded. certain. benefits l")ot granted -to local- representative of the employees in 'the ai?propri,ate
bargaining . unit after .a showing that tile labor ....~.·,
hires. (/n(e.rnationafSchool A1lianc~~of Edu<;ator~.
. v. Quisurribing, G.R, No.--128845, June.t, 2000).. org·aniza_fionis supported by at )east a majority of the
~ .. . ·· employees in the bargaining unit (/RR of the LABOR'
· 3; -.!;~ployment.Status,suchas: .. ·cOD.E, Boote V, "f:?u/e t; Sec. 1(bbb); as amended-by
a.. Temporary; ". · ..... _; . D.O. No.. 40-.03). .
!10
0

b. :. Seasonal; .and · · .• . . . VolLinta;.y~kecogniti~I') 'is

longer altowed, .
.c .... Probatlonaryernployee.. ·. . . D:0. No. 40•1-15 has alreadyrepealed and replaced
. : _-· . :: . · ' · , . ·... the rules on voluntary recognition·i.n D.0: 40-03 with
Pie~~ i,vo~!<ers.~°:ployed on casual or day t? day the· rules· on- R~uest for Sole and Exclusive
basts
· . who
· . do · not have reasonable.
· . basis
fi for
. · ·. .. · A gen· t (SEBA. ) . c e· rtif'rca Iiion (0 . o.. N o, 40 -
8 argammg
continued 'or renewed e~ployment ror };JJY.~-"---",~'N;Sec 3) · . . · ·
appreciable t(m·~, ca_nnot_be c?nslde_r_~~:1av~ ir J" ·\ ,~~ ·. .. . .· .. . . . , . _
~uch _mu!~aht~ .oLmt~~est. as_- ~~1fYpt.~~tr:_.t Jss.~-f'"~,it.!f"~ationis the pr~ces~. ~h.ere_!)y th~
. mclu_~_ion -, in a _barg~1ning. ul'lw.,:e~po~~~-~"~Q€lk:~. r~F09,yz~.~.:a . labor organ12:at1ori . as . tbe
perman_~nt or: regular ~rnp1oy..e1:r~ -(P,h1f1ppme--.~ _. ~x<,lusrv,~. !>ift~~!(H119 representativ.e bf . the
- ·11, ~j)I_QY-!;le~g°'ti)~
Land-Au:- ·s_ea Labor UmorJ/il: ~~l_i$AG:c{f;))J.0,-.-f=:f J'" ~·pprop_riate bargai;Jing unit (2
.Qt'":)
.f ~z.UCEi:yA swp.rXat'SqsJ.. 1f. .. . . · .. · · .
4.··
. .
· _ 14656. November 29; 19.6@")1
,.!l · · ·v.,
Prior colle.ctive·_barga!n~,g..J!is~Grr
lo) _

.(Sf.a.
,. . . w 4i
0:!C...~ . .
.Zi':!.. · ·
62~.,_Re<iue~~fo~ -~~~d~rtification in_.U.nor~_a!1ize~ -
'., "'" r ·\ .·
· East Com_ff!erc,af_ Corpi·YJ_-;J.'Jii9p, s_ecre'fjiry: o~- ·' · · ~~t~.!>lis~m-ent~~~. only .one· L~g1t1mate
Labor and lfinploym~rr,"--'G,!R: :-l\lo. \1618{9
I '\.Qf,ganii,ftion ..
wfi-~ .
1
J¥ro~~sl . . .
l '· · U° - · · .

l
. August-·14, 2()_09). . i. .-,--1 ·~ . \ c;(" · .Valiij~Qn
· : · · .·: ·· · . ,i ~~~'. ·.:('·1],\ · : . ,.~ . · ·lf...Jh~~OL~ Rej1~!lal birecto_r fin?s· thc!t ·the·
Note:_- !he ~x~s.\en~e~o/ 1~.fn'?'¢.>.?'~;vi:'i.J '$'"} · · · ibhs~_rT)fJ1h~s,•;-unor~_?ni:zed _with_ .only· 1-
·barga_ming h1s.tory , ts \:_e,t11e ~de~r~., ?.. ~ • tep·labor' f.'organizat,on.. m existence.,.
· concJ4si~e in the d~~-r·i:ni.na·qn :;-a . ,.· . % el_f'·. e ~!fall. ~11 . i.confereriqewithii')·5.workin.9
co_n.stitutesan "!PPr?pdate -~ar~~in Q-U~t..,t ~ n \~,Vj.r~;l'ysf~lhe su~~ission of the fa!loyJlng:· , ·
. M1guef:Corp. v;L.ague~ma:V~- R.. N~{QQ,{~~~-\h~-
..,..Jfie r:ia_me,tof em_ployel:ls 1r ·the covered
_Septembftr 21; 1994~ ~ .. · ·. ,.' . .)A ..._~:,_~ba'("g9.injpg·unit_-.wh_o'sigt,ify their s.uppoi:t for
. · · · · .. ·_:_ . · . · .· , , . ,~//);'~-==;~~ ·-\\:'t~\.:91,ffiA Certi_~icati,;m; pmVided.,t~at_ the.
. Wtiat -are th~ .m~tn.ods to .. dete ·. ,_!n'el_ifhe ... j\ Af /~.~ --~~ef'ernployeescomprise.at least maJontyof
· : : barga(niog r:epres.~ntative?··. ·'. ·, .': ·· ~ , L".I 11..I'~e r;iumber ·of employ~es _.In" the- covered··
~TI)e 111ethpds· . of determining tt~e ·bargain[~.· · qargaining·unit; 13nd. · · ·. · ~ · · ..
represent.itive aret ·cse~RR~)'" . · . . . ., . . . . . t;,: Certification under oath by 'th~ presigent of,
· · : · 1._--_Re~~estfor§.EB~_-(P.9.,~p._ 4Q:+·_1f5, RLi/&Vll); · . ·. th_e requesting ·uniori .of, l9c...al th~t -~~I.
2. Cert1ficat1on election {IRR of the-LABOR CODE, .. doctJmer.its.-submilted, are true arid .~orrect
· Book V. Rtile· VIII);:· ." · . · ·. . ·. ,.. ·base1:fol'l his/heq>ersonal:knowtedge (b, Q. ·
3; .Bi.11:i-off electi9n . (/RR bf 'th.a·. U.BOR. CODE, ·. Nq. 40.~I~15,'.Rule· Vil, Seq.' 4)· .. · ·.· .

: '·4:.-. ,:~~:.~iul:o~\~.~: Nb: 4~-J-;/ ~~/~ i,. ~~~- ·· · · · The submission S~aii ·be· pres~rn~sJ- t9 pe
· ·1{tt)/and · . · : · · · •· · ·. · :-_·. ·· · : true and ccirreet. unI.ess ·contes.ted:under
5. Con;erit electjon ·.{IRR ·a; the"· LABOR CODE, :qath by any.ine.mber qf tlie oargqining,Linit:
·. Book V "Rifle VIII; Sec. 10) .. · ·
1 · · · ··, dtJring the validatiQn .conference. Fo·r thi~
'.. . . . .· purpose." the·etnpfoyer o(any"repre.se'n.tative .
· of the errii;,loy~r shall 0"9t be :deeri-1ed a p~rty-:
"<!° ....
·.). in-interest but 'only. as a . bystander to . the
. . process-.pr'certification.' ... , . . . . . . .
. : '
_·If the. :requesting. ·uniq~ . or .locc:!1- fails Io .
..... complete the· . requirement$ for. Sl;:BA
cedmcation .q_uring ·the. co_nferenc~•. the .
Request should· ~e referre_d.to the ·Ef!"lction- ··

. 118' I 2019 SAN B~DALAWCENTRALI.ZED BAR OPERATIONS

 WR ¥1 + *"*' FIW\IIEM

LABOR -RE.L~Tl.bNS.
ac>FEAYHS 4
- siN 8°EOALAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERAT(ONs.-·1..iEMORY.,'!ID2019
14 Ht 1411 PiBIM#

Offi~er. for the conduct of certification

.election (D.O.:"No. ·40-1-·15, Ruie VII, Sec. 4).
iiriff-S&IH4Z $!ita4'1.f&?&i& 9 PWPiiiMSPti~/l;r.-"
. .
The certificate of registration as· duly certifiec;l_by
. the. preside_nt of the requestjn_g union or: the
~ertjficate of creation· of chartered local as.-duly
2 .. Action on · the .submiss.lon when SEBA certified by. the president 'of !lie federc1tion 'of the
C~rtificati.oh st,oul~ be issued. local shalt be atta'ched to the request (D.6.- No.··
..-> 4.0~1~1s, Rule V/1,.Sec. 2). · . ·
!f. th~ .: DOLE Regional: _"o)rectpr · finds that
requirements: complete, he/she. should {ssue, 3. Action on the request by the ReqionalDirector ·
. dur.ing·the:cpnference,.a··~ertificatioh as sEaA . ·shall oe.madewithm 1 day from the receipt of
, enJoyi_ng.the rfglitsand pri_vileges of an excluslve the same. The Regionai Dlrector shall': . .:
. "bargairting -agent · of. all the' employees·.irdhe a. Dsterrrilne whetber: the· request is compliant
· . cove-re
. d'b a~gammg.uni
. . lt .·.. . · .. .. with the requirerne nts· and whether :the'
. . . bargainirig uoft sought to be: represented rs
The D:OLE ..'Reglo~al _Dfrector should cause the .organized,or not;" and .. . · . . · ·· .
posting : of-: tb~. SEBA Certification for is . b. Request a copyof the payroll tor purposes ·.
· .Gon~ecu~ve days .·ii) -at feast . 2 conspicuous ' of S~SA Certification. · ·1
.places : in t_he · -establishrnent . or .covered · · · · · · ·. · · · ·
. pargaining ·uflit(p.O.' No: 40-1-15. Rule VII, Sec: . If the request is deficient, the _Ri:lgionaf Direi.;tor. ·
.4_ 1) .... :.. . . · . ·.·. · . .· . . shalt advise ·the ·re.que$ting :union' or local to·
. . •'. . . . . ~~ ·~c:i"mply wit_hin _:1.0_· davs -frorn notice .. ~ailurn "to .
Request for certification in· unorganiz~~r/tr . comply therewith _shall ,be deemed a withdrawal· 1,
esta~lishm~nt· ,with more thah· ·one ·_1egitin;i~,f?(( ._":·: . of t~e request io.o. No. 40-1-15, Rufe- VII, ·Sec.
· labor orgamzabo~ : ·. ·. · "\-cv: .... ;;..\ ... 3). · . . . . . .
lf tl:!? · -~OLE_•. Regi~n_al· Di_rector firids ')N'~;·:::;.::1.--:;~l~enr,qt,i,est·is sufflclent, the Regior:,al Director
est~~hshrnent . unor~am~ed with more ~tJan... t\ ./f f,.;"":;.....;.;.._s.tif!!l;Js~~du~ng the conference a certlncation
leg1t1mat~ labor org~rnza~on, he/she sh~y~qJefer th,e,~ [,i . . . as SEBA(~pjoying 'the rights and privileges of an
sa~e .l~ · the ElEjct~on Officer ·for t~1fo,c::9nduct o.f'; __~ .exclu~i'!~~~rgaini_ng_.age_nt-of all the employe~s
· cei:t1ficati~pelection (D.O. t;,Jo. 40-1-15,'JF.:.';:!lif.._.'(~I,S~c.,... f~ of _the,.j'bl;l.fY~ini!J9 .~nit. ,The_ Re!;!(~nal Director_
.. 5)._ . . . ·. ·· ;Af)3>' J~t~/'-;1 . ·H · . $halt ;-~_lsg., ~IJ~!=l. the. posting 1.n at lea.st 2
· . ·: .· ,. . . . ,/%.. · )""- ~"' -.-~ j"l~ · con~{.{ict1?,\J6 ~la~s i11 tpe establi,shm~nt or
-Reqt,ie.st .. ~Qf c~rbficatl_q~,::;> ·~ -i:~[ganiz~d~ t:_:{ ~s.x.#r~-~a.m_a"if)J.Oci unit, (D,O. No. ·40.1-1_5, Rule
esta~hshment · ~,·r.
. · =-~..:'.'.r,-} ~·~ !,.~.1 . l1Jf:i.S"l:ir:,.~4.~~fJ .• 7 . · .: . · · ,.
If .. the· QOLE· · Regional · Di,r~cto~,J,j_"l;!@.s ct~;~ , ~J ..'-~~-!.!'..~~'.·~~ ·. ·· .
establish·ment:.c;irganized,· he/she<s~.QJJfd·"{e~er t'}~ r,i/ ·~ffe_ct of ~EBA Certification"' . . .
s. same lo the·Medlatot~Arbit~cfor:Jh\:)~t~.nnrif..tion. of_ l·{1T.UP.9.n. the· issi.Janceof the qertification as· SEBA; the
th~ proprjety _.o.f' conducijn9 ~ · c~rtifi~~.ci.~,e~cti?:J-.../~,..;,:;~~:(tlfieIL~JllOr:!or Jocal.shc!lt enjoy ·all' the rights.and

l . (D.O. Mo:·40-1-15, Rule'V/1, Sec. 6). £.:(-1; · p./-~-.L•'-pri,;,!r~ges·o!a~ ex_cl~~iv~·oarg~i~i~g ag~nt of_.all the
. : , . . · · · · .... ·. . : ' . · !i.,4" ·£.{\'J._..
Prbcedu·re in·~eque_st.for SEBA_· ert~fic~t.l~= ·
- empiqyees:in the·~overed barga1r11ng.urnt. ..
· · · · ·. ·

I
c_

1. Where,to Fife . , . -~: · . _The ·certification ~hall .al.so par, the.filing of a'peiition
Any~·legjtlmate "'labor organ129tior'I may, file. a for certification'~l.ection by any'Jabor organiz.afion for.
• request fQr · Sl=BA c;ertificatioi, . io the : Regioila~ a _Period-of 1 yearJorr\ the:c,late of its rssuance, (D.O:
'· .:' Office-which issu·ed its certificate·.of registn,ition No. 40-1-.15~Ru~e /,. Sec .. 1:2). .·. , . . . · .
or..certifica~e.of:creatiqn o(chartered. Jocal (D.O. . · · · ·· ·
r ·No·. 4p./~15, R,illfJ_'VII, Sec. 1).. . .
I'
f·
~;:
r< . · ·'.
2.. Requirements . .. .
. ·. ··,:t,freqµest.l;)hall indicate: (NO-BES)·'.
.

)1:: The Nam~ and addre.ss of the. req·uesting·

....
·.l ·l·
· .:· Certifica.tiori.Ele~tion is the proc~ss of det~rmiri\ng,
I' . · ·. · ·. Legitimc!te l.abor organization; .. ·· throug!..-. sec~et ballot tli'e' sole and . exclusive
.f. . ... : b. The ·name .and adtfreSl:i of-"1he company. rep"resentativ.eof the errlploye'es in :an appropriate
t. . : . .. where it Qp.erates; . . . .
· bargaining unit for purpos~s of'collective bargaining ·
[ · .c: Th¢.· ~argairi_ing unit.···. ~ought ·to .be 'or negotiation. (IBR;Of .the LABOR- COOE, Bocik V,
~-- ..... repres~n~e~;- .· : . ·... . .
f,
it:·
·.. d. The approximate. number of gmployees in
· ·: _the bargair1ing ~nit;.and .'. .'
R-1.fle I, Sec 1 (h), as amended by D. 0. No-.· 40~03).
Un.ion. Election . is hel.d ·p.ursua~t' to the union's-
f
i'. . .,
e: The . Statement · of · tbe . existence/non- ·
existenri~.~f Ot"iadabbr organ;zatlons/CBA •.
c'onstitutiori ancj by-laws, and tlie. right to vote 'irfit is
~njoyed or1Jy· by uniciri mem.l:ierq(UST Faculty _Union
I(. Bitonio,
. G:R No .. 13-1235,
. Novf!mber
. 16,'
. . 1999) ...

i 20.19 SAJ\J BEDA.°t,.AWCENTRAUZED BAR OPERATIONS 1119

 M ti II 2-C &AH + MN fhR Pllfi.YA -S-i

LA.SOR ·RE·LATtO:NS
· SAN 8£:DA I.AW CE:NTRALIZE_D SAR OPE_FlA TIONS ~ MEMORY AID 2019 .

• ft I O Wlii!S,il;hiiikF6& e s,ilw4 f'.1¥6 MV132¥$2&3 SSfZ..FliSitYI

· yniqn ElectlC:,n v. Certification Ele~tion -appeal has been filed from the order of the Med-
Arblter c~f1ifying the results of the election, the
·. running of . the one-year: period· shall be
suspended until the decision on the appeal bas
. become final and executory; ..
2.: .: Whein:tt1e.du1y.certifiecf union has ~ommenc~d
.and .sustained,negotjations-in good faith with the
employer -in accordance with Article 261 of the
Labor Gode· wjthiri -the one-year period. referred
to in the immediately precsdlnq paragraph; -~.
. 3. When · _a .. bargaining. deadtock -to which· an.
The right . to vote;· is- All employees whether .. incumbent qr· certlfled bargaining agent . ls a-:
.enjoye_d ohly ·by union. union or. non-.unio(! party had- been §.ubmi"tted:· to. conciliation or ..
members.. members 'who belong to . arbitration cir hadbecome the subject of.a valid·
· ·· the . . ~ppropriate notice of strike or lockout; .· . . .
ba~g~inirtg unit cah .;ote: 4. . When ... a . collectlve . bargaining agreement
.between the employer and a duly reeoqnlzed .or.
:_·· certified.hargaining aqenthas been _Begist_ered
Winners become The winner , ··-i2;.,c.,.t:3" """'"'"=~~J~- ·. accordance w!th Artlcle 23~ of jne' l,._a~or
. officers . . . arid certification.' ~J§l.Otio~ is U· .. J . 'ti; ,.,ea(;l~,. _ Wh~r_e ~uch co_Ue~tlv8:.. barqaininq
' 'represeritatives .. of the an .entlty, a 1:ffliOIJ·, Jlhj_ch . :
unlon only. ' .
1v
-b~qornE:_~.:.~: '1 J.._;Jh~.. . · '_"'~~.:_!,tted-;~)./~J¥!U)
a~r:~)'-1~!1:t;IS. r~~1sterec;i;. the p~t1tlbn. r:ryay. ~e
SIXty. (60).days pnor lo Its expjry .
represel)_tahve~4~he .· · . t~/3 of. ~lj.e--:;.~~OR CPD!;, Book V, Ru_le VJ/I,
-:,h r/ b~t l· --~: ·,.,,'·'ii{'""='if.==,...S,.ec~:,,,;._i(ft-amf!_f:1°(1ed by D,O. No. 40-03). · ·, ·
w o1 e cu{lalfllllJr."'· uni Si:. "'"'~ . "'- ,. ""\ ,~ . . · . . ,
that{lif.icru~~{·eien·. th .. 1-:·-vl' . ~-- '"'- "t~;..,..'·\. : · · · ,: ·
.rriefrnbe'r'§':,f
det~,i!ed.t'fnionst
·o1 _ . ti,·~ 4'¥:l ~pte;__ 1:\•~-~,q~~tic'.\R,eneWal :Claus~ .u~9er :Art.
·· . 26tt pert~uns o~tf)lie economic provisions of.the
·. . .
.(2AZt;JCENA, supra at 4'77){ 1'""·--.1} ·
1r -~- -~:;- :f · -r-:- 0~~- ~:
'"<:~$-~·-;,.
~-a:n;~
• _. ~ .... d_oe%!.W1~ii\clude:-t.~~_ representational
~§pE{ct" .of the \\eBAt.~An ex1stmg CBA cahno~
. · · :. II ·. &?"' U ;- [r:t: ·. onstitutt a bar t01a,filit•9 of ,fpetitionforcertification
Who may m:~·a Petition fb~i~~·fi~.ati(>"fi;~'{!ctioj'\:·S-~eJe~!2.?~;en ~~~re~ ».representational'issu,e, th?
1_ Any leg1t1mate (abor. oig_rl'}J,z~tlQ_ni{icl~~g ,,81}'!1- '1.. {-}~,fatu~quo.fproVJSlOJf!il,ljSO far _as the·need to await
national union or federa~0A' tn\ ha~iS."l~',<fi1 .• £:.\&e,;,{~~6ri of a ney.., agre_?ment will ·not apply .
charter . derti~cate. to: its\{o?al/c~.a;~el"'~:r'~~~~
local/chapter 1tsel_f, or ''}.;_
-'~i<{.'.;
J·
.'\,),. 'y''~2 .,,De,_.c.emb.€<{',2011)...
ReJf urces, f-nc. · v. De~uilla: G>R. No.
.
2. An -employer, wl:i'en req~sted tQ\..._b~@jn-.lJ~, ftt ~--- A./.. / · · .. · ·
collectively .i!'l a· .bargaining\·unit ,wt:iei::~~.:_nc5'~:.1\ ....-,P.·«rp9s-e ~~ ...-.the Provisions R~lating to
: r_egistered ·_collE:?ctive :pargainlng .. ~~e!ii'.1~i'\t~....-.e:~Jim§~~~9,n ~lection · ·: : ·· · · _ ·.
.. .. exi~ts (D.(?_. No._ 4_D+15, Rufe Vlll,"'Se,..Q.·.it.JI] . i\ fl ·.lF,!iy°':'hrov1~&,~ ~f- th~- Labor <?b~e relating to. the
· . . ,. . . ·. .. . . ;l:'"'~. )VJ__L~.uci!'of·,certification elections ·were enacted.
W!lere t(? file·a Petition'for Certification_Electioit~~ .....,.,..-precisely-for.. the'. protection of_. the tigllts. of the
. · : :~ .petition for cer:t1fication elec.tion' shall q.e filed, with .· employees to · · qetermine-' the,ir ·. own . bargaining
, the Regional Office· which -issue<;:) tl\e petitionirg representativ.e· (Notte:_ DariJe of ·~rea(er Maryila v.
. .-: ·- union'i certificate. of· regil?.trati_(j11Jcertificate ·.of; Laguesma, G.R- No. 149833, Jun_e 29, 2Q04). . .
. _creation ·of chartered· locaL The. petition ·s.hall b~ · · · ·
. h~ard_-·and res:olved by th~ Me<;l-Ar~iter (D, 0. No. 40-· .. : Doubts. Re_so.lved 'in . Fav~r ·cit . :certificatioii·
l-15,_ Rule.,:Vlf/,.. Sec. :2). · . . .· Election. ·· . .. . , .
,., 1'.he 'certification·. election is. the . best' method .. of.
Note: HoW~\ler, ~t the Optio.n of the p.etitioner;_·a ·dete.rminirig' the will .of th~. Workers· o.ri the crucial .
Retitjon. for cer;tificatioi) electic:m and · it$. supportir;ig ·. · questi_on on-. wlio . l?hall r~present ·· them ·· in · the,ir · .
· .· documents. may· also be filed onUne (D. 0. No •. 40-1- . negotiations- ·with the manag·ernent for collective ·.
1.5,·.Rtile VI/I, Sec. 2). : · . ··. . . . . .·· . - ·ba.rgaining. agreement' ttiat. will best protect' and; .
prom9te. 'their interest.. Arty .. d,oubt· regardin·g· real .
to
When. file a Petitio~ for.Certifl~i1tion Ele;ctlon: · . representation· of the_workers s_hou.ld· be. reso.lved.iri ." · ·
· A 'petitio·n for certification.. election rria.yrbe·.filed:. · favor of the tiblding of-th_e·certific"alioi:'i election (Porl ·
. arfrtkne, except: (1-CSR) · . .. . . : Workers i)nion of tlie · PHL" v: Undersecretary Qf
1.· When a valid certification; . consent' or ru·n-off . : . .. Labor and Employment, GA. ·Nos. 94n9~3b, March
. ,election_ :has been ... co"nducted : v.iithfn. :. the .. . . 18, 1992). . . . ...
. . bargaining !,.lnit" within 1year prior tq tt,e. filing' of
the p~iition .for' certification election. Wt,.ere. an .

. 120 ·1 . 2019 SAN BEDA LAW

. CENTRALIZED
. BAR
. .·· .
OPERATIONS
. .· . :
 ·lABOR.' . R(ELA TI.ONS
SAN BEDA LAW CEf:[TRALIZED BAR 'i)PERATIONS - MEMORY AID ,2019
eusrs•Ast&.P+eiit Aifitii WI·! M,itl!fii
hRfiAA'ffHMMiNHH . EN SHWHH _Wtsb1!!4f.l':.'!1
.. .
Issues Involved · ·in a .' Ge.rtification Election <t. A duly certlfied union has commenced .and
. Proceeding: . . sustained. Nego.tiations with the employer . or
1. Proper composition -and constituency of the there exists a :bargaining .Qe~dlock which had ...
bargaining unit; and . · . been submitted to conciliation or. arbitration or
2. The veracity .of:major,ity rriernbership claims of had become thei subject of a valid notice. ot.strike
· Iha. competing unlonsso as to identify.the union or -lockout to· which an incumbent or. certified ·
. that will· serve as the bargaining representative bargaining agent is a party; . . · · ..
of the entire ·bargaining unit' (2 AZUCf=NA;_·sUpra.·, · · · 5. · to case of. an 'orqanlzed.estabtlsbment, failure to
et :)77),.· . · · · · submit the 2$% .§µppc:irf requirement 'for the
'filing of the' peution for certification' election; ..
N.ote:. The delayln the issuance of1he certiflcateof . 6. ·failure. of .. local/chapter .. or; :··national
registration·.to a union partlcipatinq ·fr1 a certification union/federation to eubmlta duly issue'c!.~harte'r
electlon case. may ·.effectively prevent the conduct .· . Cert.ificatE:i. upon . filing of 'the· PE1tition · for .
thereof. .However; Where it is shownthat suchdelay . · · ·certificalioh election;. ' . · ..
was not because pf its (a ult ·t;iut ..due mainly t6 its 7. ~b~ence of employer-employee relationship ·
riva.lry wlth other uriions, it shall stay 'the conduct of : · : .· : between all the members of-the petitlonfng union ..
the· certification election.'. Mandamus . will· lie to and ··the establishment Where "the proposed · :
. compel . the issuance ·of., 'such certificate of . bc;irgaini11g unit is souqht to be representeo: and .
· '. · registration [Semeben"nq- M.angga'gawa· sa · Union · · 8. ·. Nowappearance of the · petitioner for two (2)
} Industries, tnc.v .. Norie~ G. R, No. c.~5~87;J.,,Octobe(x,,.-:.;;/l consecutive· scheduled conferences:before the.
~.f . _23, 198·1): · .. · · . . . . . !';/-j;)._ mediator-arbiter. despite 'due· notice (D'.0.· No.
•• . . ·. .• · . · · 1 • r.. ,r /~ :j'.· · 4Q-F-O~, 'Rule VIII, $ec. 14): . . . .
A petition for cancellation of':'rii<:>n regi¢trati?O ~~a(:\:~~_il . . .. . . . .
not suspend th.e ·-pr.01,eedmgs· · for certifica!~Of ·:':,; ,;,t.N9t~:· The"ti:;~rt1fication election sl')aU be presided
erection nor shall it prevent the:filing· of. ~·petit!,oA'fqJ(~}J.;~~P'by..th.n·.El~ctiqn. Officer:fro!TI.the Labo'r Relations .
fe.rtificationele_~tim1.,In cas~ of._~an9ell~Y-~~'~othjng: Ii,•. Djvision~oFt~;.;Region~I, Office· or .the _BLR (/RR.: of .

Just'and·equ,table remedies tn t~e app~<:>P-rta.!eco,uiz.~v ·

(LABOR CODE:/Arl:.246):.· . · .... · ',...Jt> :l1 ,y:-.r-~ .
f"".{.'· · . · · ).' ·
~n.the la""..s~all res_tnctt~e n_ght.of th_e1<t.1t1l?!!.to.seelfJ:::'.J. (he LABOR,1~<;JJPE, 8001<.v, Ru.fe_lX. S~p.-1)..
[! \·· ; · . · ··
T~e _.touiwiqg ,jnsta·r.ic;es .will_ !lot. 9ause_ -~~
·· , ·
·

~ . . . . . . ·. ~- .... \~r: .,, .· t:\, _c;f1sm.1ss,1.o.fta ~\tltl~':1 for Cf!rt.'f!,::atiorr-Elect~o.A

._!i~ep~ · i-, ,{ or t,~~~t~Y~~ns10~-~f:
Tbe pend ency of an unf_air latf?J.'>fract15~·;<cas_e
· by _t~e- : ~mployer . a_~·ainsJ 'a'{rla~or-<gr~,9p1~at1f?,o.,.
part1c1 p~tmg· m the cert1fi.cat1on.erectio_g:d~l?;JlOl
: r] .p_roc':~<!'.·nQ,;[aj;.;,;i'
th~ Cert1~u~a.tlo~ Election·
. .
st:a/; : · ·,; .1· 1.. · f=1h~9'(.0~,;p~et1_t1ont_o :?8nc;:el. t~e. c.~~1fica_te 9f
·• . ·.

the t)pld1.ng t~ere0f. (2 A,ZUCENA~!J!.a~'1,/{SJ: Bft . l~l . ; reg1f!ratt.on- .of a. _um.on . part1c1pattng in, ~.
the_, p.e~dency of·--'a formal. qharge· ,-,of c~m~any t,L;-:1,,.,..:,f?~'f,catton, elec.~ion; · · - . . . .. , . . . . · _..-.
d<:,>mmatton (Art. 259(d)) against one·bf...,t~e~'tm1ons )1~~:.,2·:1\lr.A11:1g•._.,.,.or pendency .of · a,:iy. 1nter/tntra-umon
which is. pafticipc1ting in th~ ,certificatio6,.e(ect)on:i§.1i~ 1· v,~ ,,,..-1'dis~ute,l~n.dot.her labor relations ·c!ispute; · .
prej~di¢i'.3l.'que·~lirn1tha~bars t~e holdid9;f~er~~f.ij~til- '3.. · ULP. charge_pf c9mp.:lnY.'i..1.nio.nis;n;· . . .
its· final resolutton (Umted CMG Workei'Jtt;Jnlonv. 4 .. ULP,-charge b.y Employer agam~t.a.umon;·and/or, ·
BLR, G.R! No: .L:.5'133:7, March22; ·1984).~ · 5. Appeal· to the ·supreme: ~Court from· th~ ·order
· · · • ·. · · · · · denying· the . motiO'i:t ·tor. · recon·sideration {2
Grounds for. Disintssal or- Denlal·of the··.f'~titi~ri' · AZ.UCE"!A,·sup_ra.at't#BS:4,86). · ..
·for Certification Election: (UCC-NeD.-:SCAN)· ·
1. . Pef.ition'er 'is :. riot . Jiited. in . the · departl]lent's· )~.iitio: The. ~~·plqye_e··~,-.opporturit_yt~ choose/a·
·. registry.of le·gitirti~te·lab"r. ur:ii1;ms.. or that its'l~gal bargaining agent can easily 1;>e·bloyked 'or forestalled · ..
·. person·ality bas' l;>een revoked or canQelled w.lth : by. ~h · Em_ploye(.thru·· the ~imple ·expedie:nce· of
;finaH,ty;· (Ynregistered ·U.(lion) · ·:. . ... · : . . · _ questioning the· legitimacy of the petitioner. union '(2 ' ·
2:· · Petiti0n· was· ,filed.· before· or after the freedom · · AZUCENA, supr.{J a,t.484) .. : ' . . .
.· ... . .. . ' .' .
~ period of~ ciuly regisferei:l CBA~ provid~cl. that
,·

· · ttie 60~day p·erioo t:ias~d· ·on, tne c;>rig~naf:·q3A .
.. :·,-.shall · nof: be :aff13cted ,t)y· -any·· amendment,.
. · exfer'ision1 .or:renewal of the C!JA;. montract Bar .
. ~~ .. ·· . · .....
.. 3. . Petition . was·. filed '0thin · 1 · year fr.om er.itiy ·. of
voluntary· recognition or a _Yi3Hd certification, ..
·:consent,.or'run-'off e.le.ctionii'nd 1')0 appe'al
. results tti.ere~f is pending; {Qe_rti_ficatfonYear)
Ratt1e,ot the :~as~ . . . ._. · .. .. . . _ .
The Regi9nal: Director. ·9r··his/her duty·. aulliorized ·. ··
representative upon ~h'e rei:;eipf of the petition shall .
irrime'diately assign· it by raffle·tq a·Med-Arbil~r. The
raffle shall be done IM 'the. presence 6f.ttie petitioner
· if the latter- so desires (/RR .ortireL~bor Code; Book
on
tfle· . V,.Rule:Vlll,.·sec. 5,.as amendeq:by IJ..;0. 40-F-03).

2019.SAN SEDA LAW CEN.TRALIZED-BAROPE8ATIPNS 1121

 ewe, ti

. :LABOR · R_E·LAT-10-NS
er

SAN SEDA LAW CfNTRALIZEDlJA.n OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019

••
-· A N#fEMYACiNR#fiktM,._

ttSiNFiMBSElil . ¥t+UiAWAii2M9+saP e:-+RR ts_Fi. iAitS 16 .AAPPIW?ffH99#W-SifDZfflft

Notice·of-Preliminaty .Conference . . Effect · of · Eailure to Prove Afflliatfon: with a

The-petltfon shall immediately be transmitted to the .· _Federation to the Right· to File. a Petition for.
·as.signe'd -Med-Arblter . who shall .irnrnediately . Certific~~ion Election . ' . . .
prepare arid serve a notice ofprelimlnary conference Its- failure to prove its ·affiliation -with- a federation
to be 'held within.-·1_0·working.·days from the Med- cannot affec.t its- r_ight- to. fjle·. said ·petition for ·
Arbiter's receipt of the. report· (D.O. No. 40-F-03, · certlflcatlon.electlon as an independent union. As a
Rule· VIII, .Sec. 6). .. . . . .' legitimate labor- orqanlzation, an independent union
. , · ., · , .has the .right to file a .petiuon for certiflcation eleefion ·
forced intervener · ,: . . .. . on its own beyond -etection, Despite affiliation; ·the ·
The incumbent bargaining agent shall.automatically ·. 'local union remains .the basic unit free to serve. the
. be one 6f t1J13'.choices in ·ttie.certificatibrr.election as common interest of all Jts' members and pursue its
forced intervenor (/RR qf-·the LABOR CODE, Book own interests· independently of the ·.t.ede_ration:
V,;Rule-.Vll/;S~c7, as amendpdby o.o. No. 40-03), (Samaha_n.'ng inga _Manggagawa sa·Fifsystems. v.
· '·. : ·· · · $ecretaryofLabor,G.R:No. 1280°8,7, June 5, 1998).·
'N<>te: The.incumbent barga,nin~-~gent does not lose . . . , . . . •... . . .
_,; its- representative' status; it remains as the sole May a 'certific~ti'on.el~dion.-be. ca_lle·d.by·the' Me~-· -
· bargaining·· representative- until· it is· reptacec. ·by_ Arbit~r-alJhliugh ttie'..25% statutory r~quireme~t
..another.. Until .SQ replaced; i_t has the right. to retaj[I . . . has ·Rof .bee·n ~ompll~a with'? · . ,'".
the recoqnltlon by the Employer (2 AZUCENA; sug~~~~:Even conce~_irig'·thatfhe-siatufory requirement·
at 478): .: · : ... _· ·· . ~r:;::;.-- 0 1·
· · ·~f ;so/~onsenf·signatures ts n?t strictly complied
. " . : . · ·. · .·. ·: : .. · ,;-,. . ~- ~ 1{ij~t~. tp,;Nle.d-Ar~iter ls stllt.empowered ·to order that
Motion for tnterventlcn .:: . . . .';(/'<,"")· .L. :'"i<"=··;:::'i=:1!\e c~rtifrc~jl6n,election:.-be 'h'eld preciselY:'for the
.· When.a petiticm for certification election ~~.,fil~ in · purpes~Hota$~aining- which of the contending ·
an. organiz.ed establisbme_nt,. 9.i1y1e[9ig3ate;"'jab0~r"taboQ?_rga_,:if~tionf~hall ~ th.e,exclusive 1:?argaihing
ui:,ton · other: than the inc~m~~r)f.b~ga'fni!'19age~
oper~ting within the barg_~inin,9·_uo1t:$iYme4k inoticir'( ,'1p.~':' -·~per.it:.'lh~ceqllff.rpfi:lent
.f>.ecome~ m~~
· for.: intel"\'.ention with: ,tie M~d-Ar-~jfer .d1;1ring tlie..J6,~ el¢ctio~qln all' tCeOnt.tances, th~. c:Uscretion ought
_(at9ry1\
1
. is . relevant ·only_: w~en .it
to · .conduct , a; c_ertification

l
freedom period·. of. tl'!e co}Jl'rc,flve 6~rg~1ning~~1r--:rc>'15eor~ina~ilye~i:qis\;!djo favpr of' a. peti.tion fo.r .
~greeme.ot (D,~. No: .40~J=.o/r3~,u~fe: sin
c:-B)~~Y.
VI.II,. l!fill~~.m:rtica~oheiec1i~n<~iYifomiaM.ani.Jfac(uring·Corp. -
'. - ·' . .. : · . · ·:. 'I!-.,..-~ ..~- . ; ..\. ., . · if!.~i~.f-fon,.$1J.ndersfc'Fetc!jyrof_Labor, G,R. No .. 97020,
Pr~lim.inary·.C~>!"'~fenc~;.~ec}.1'-1-Ql . :r'~ .-~.J-t- . -June~B 1'91!;}); JJ.- .·.
a \1:-e;~m~~fi J · · · . . . · . _. · ·. · ·
The Med,A.rb1_ter.. ·sh~II cw9ag1c1\
oonfer'e'!,c_e.anq he.arin_g w~_tin~,..1-0-:€1~.s
of the p~tition._to determine th~,,,_foJ10.y.,1~g:.
,~-~~PIJq·, .
fr~
(B, 9~ I
}, &;_ '.3
""'s ;: , . (.C...;jJ _1r:~ { . ... . •. :,. . ·: _
Jt.'t'!"f.!l;~ ... :.,1'iJ~ye~1,~r~sel)Js·the wJitteo st~tements o_f:
i-;~~bJ,l<e_rsJo ~tie Jfffeet·t!Jat tl;leY'"!Y~re·tricked
· ·1. The ~arga,injng Unit .to· be r{~r~sen~d;·S( ,.~~~\grvipg:,their .w,_pt~en ·con_sef!t-to t_he ._filing of ·
2. £o_nt~~~ing_labor_.unions;. \.· .. ,\~"'" .. Sc}1h','1"\~~~-e~j~n .for ~~iflc.ation.electlon. W!I~th~se
3. Poss1pJhty.of p·fonsent-~lectii,~ · · .:?~..:. , .£.L~~!~ent~~ev~ntthe holding:of a ce~1f1cation.
4< Existern?e·. of a~Y: of. th~_.;bar~ .,t~ ~!:1\i!ica1jo~""electi<?,.l)J
: · · election !!rn;lerSection 3-~f-tMis.Rule;-.an:l/ f:
'.i ;(: · . · . . . , · . . , .
1! · ·,r-,h{~f.tit.wl~l:latsbol;lld.be· foftowed i[l case of-the
·
. 5: · Such Other'.'r'i,attersas may· ba rielev~.QCtbe-· J.VJl.faltE{Qflsif'withdrawals and retractions is th al the best
; ·: of
...fina·I . di~f:lo_sitio'ri·. (JRR. tbe- LABOR·· O(?D~~t5'rDmior. determining_ whether :there wertdnde.~o
.".·Book . .V, Rule. \!Ill, Seo 9; .as:am_ended_byD.·o.,. . · ·. refractions: from soi'.ne ·of .the; laborei:s.-·is· in th~.
. . ,No: 40-,03). . . . ,. . ·cE!.rtification -~rec~to1fitsett'.,,,Jhereti'i•tne \v6rkers··can
. . ... ·. . . . . · ... freely ·ex'pres·~·their ~hoi~e _in a .sec.rat ball.qt.-1he will_
.. Du.ty of th~ °tv'!ed-Ar.bite..... . .. · ... . ·. of. t11e· ~al'lk~~nd-file ,_e.~ploy~es· should_ · \n -every
- . The c_pntendh·1g·unions IT;lay agr,ee tq, the holdirJg. of : ._possible in~taoce, Qe d~terniined by .the ·secret b'allot
.:·an .e1ect1.on,.. 1n-·w.hich ·.casii .its ·shall be caned ·a · ra.tiier than ·t>y a9ministr.ativ.a..· or .. :.qu~sHu·di9iat.
·consent. election. The-,...,;e·d-Arbltetsball forthwith'call . inquiry.. Suc.h . reP.reseritatic;m:. and ... c~rtifiq:ltion.:
.. ·. for the cQnsen.t -~lection, fefle_ctir:ig . Jh'e._- . parties'. . efec:.tiori:~ases . ar~ not to'.!;,!:!. tak~n· a'~ con~~nJlpus .
. a·greerne.nl and:. the:· call . in--_.th"e minutes ·'of. ,-.the. . . .. litigations ·or. suits ·but as -mere investigations of a ..
. cor_:if~ren·ol;i-. T,he .M'ed;Arbiter ·shall,' iml)'lediately nqri-adyer$,~ry• .fact. fiJldi.iig charact_era·s tp wtiicli. qf.
· forward the:·records. of the. petition: to .the ·Regional. . the competing unior'ls represents !Jie ge]Jui('le chpice
Director or hJsl:IJer.authorizei:heprese'rifative for'tiie·. of 'the ·workers· to be· their ·.;sole and: exclusive .
determination ofthe election officer (0;0, No. 40~F- ·collective, bargaining· :repre.sentative'. with their'·:
o:3,'_~u/e '1_111,_Sec, 10): . ·. . . . .· : : · employer(ALCANTARA, stJpm_ at-431)...

N'umber ~f Hea~i~{JS .
If:the contending, 1,mioris fail to
agree .to a. conse'nt
. election during Hje preliil:lin~ry GO~ference, the Med-
~biter may co~duct as_ i:nal"!y hearings as h_~/she

. .
·122 I '2019 S~ BED.A LAW Cl;:NTRALIZED.SAR OPE;RATIONs··

...
 ,;:,{
;;~
PPII

- . LABOR .RE.LATIONS
Fil

°sAN ~EDA LAW f:ENTRALl~ED OAR OPERATIONS·-· MEMOflY AID :i~19

5±-·
:;· ...-: #PAW
. . Y-4AM INS&N? l f:l·'PZ55t(lfiW&!Pii!MitsMCk4RikhN! F +1m•lv0"' ·
~ . .
·.~ .. may deem ·necessary, but in no case -shall -the co'nduct .of Certification ElectioJl
i. ·. conduct thereof exceed 15 days from the date of the Raffle of the case · · Pre~Election
J· . schedutect preliminary ccnference/heannq, after·_ ..: within 24 ho.urs . Conference within
'-t · which timepetition shallbe considered submitted for from receipt of 1 o· days from the
.'\. decislon (JRR o( the LABOR COOE, Book V,· Rule entry.offinal · receipt "of.the
~-~-· -vut.. Sec· 11, as amended by . D.O: No.:40--03).
.
jupgement· · assignment
f':""'.l
·1.:.-,,s .
j_:_·:., ~ote:
,E~tensi~ns oftl~e. shall not be entertained (2 '':-{fl .
• . . :c.1.;,,,i.i"
, AZUCENA, supra.at481): : ·. '... . .... ·~r
':.. 'fa.ilure to Appear·Despite Notice . . . Pre-elealion
{.~ :rhe"failure of any party to 'appear in "the hearing(s): · Posting of notice ,·
conference shall
when notified or to file its p_lea~ingsshall be de,eryied of etection.at least ~
,10-qays before trie' .. ·,{:{":'.,-.,\ be ·completed .
a waiver of nls right to Jig}· heard, . . . : . . . . .' · -.yithin 30 days
actual da,E!-OL · ·< . from the·date of
.. e.fe.~tic;>n .
. Th.e Med_-Arbitet,ti~wev!3r;. ;.;;her, agreeq u·po~·by' the- · the -first liearina.
parties may allow tlie- cancellation :of -seheduted . l'?'l:"'l'
t5$;
!,:,;-,,.
hearing(s).. ttie cancellation' · of any scheduled.
flearing(i,;}shaH not be usedas abasis for-extendi.r:ig -~o/
the 15-day period .wlfh wnlch to ·termiriat(;' the same· . Preparation of . r,pp:,~ ·r Election ·..
(D.O. 40-03, ~u/e VII!; Sec. -12). · · · ·, ,;/~;~~;i,.- Ballot. 1?::(t:~y·'--~-'---'----_._j
brder/Decisi.on on. the Petition .. , , . ,. "~··,. (D, O: No. __4'·o- 03. , R1.,1/e. IX'I1.
. ../;·_.'//..
_- . Wjil)in -1~_._days from: the ~pte 'of la~t.hear\n~,z:tJ~f ·· :i.,,;1 ·. • • . . •• .
~;.:t~~~:~.
0
1
·\ . Me~~~.rb_•trr,~h~II. fo~'!.)a.lly •~.sue a rul!n~ gra_n!•l'.l9J9r:; , '. of w.~;C~s!) · .. . . . .'. . : ·...
?::·· deny1~g . the. petition, . except. in .. o~~}';r;ifze.9ij1'')'·...,_.~1tH1_o~~B~f:s fror:1 rece1pt_-of_the notice-of ~flt[}'. of
F., ~.stabh5,hmer1\swhere the _grant o! the,..P~-~~j1Qn-~~nr, · tJ . fma.1 Judgi:r.i·eri.\@rantmgthe conduct of a certificat1o_n·
:k. . on.fy .be made after the lapse of the .fr;~e __ ¢()m. i:ienosf.i ··--..~· elertion-· thef!Rsgional o_irector' shall cause the raffle.
(IRR f h. L b ·c d B k 1, R 1 ''"'111:,,,-s
f.,. · · ... o. t ~ a or· ~ e;__ _PO.~· 13,1..,.)"'
~-,,f!.t\_!_:::·:,,.r !· · ·,.. •· ·• ···, · ··
pfdti~_.cas.~ ~'c;,-:~n Elec:tion 0.fllc;:er·who 5,hall h~_v.e
·
{: · as amend_edby D.0. ~-O-F-03r . ,/P,t;, d·· C . . ;;.4. cont[Ot'of/tl}_e~p_r~elect1~m confeter1c~ and .e_lechon
· . . :,1(/ · :. , 'Ir-..~ . .<~. )j1 ptoceedtgs: :(/RR\ofthe .LA~QR COlZJE! Book. V,
1: ·.. . . · . · · • . .
::: . P·p:>h1b1_t':.d~r.<;>und.f_or.the~lD"}I/Su~p.ens1on o!
. . . the Petition . . ·,,........ ~~,.,":,, -~~
r i.•'.·t· Rule '?f;;_~.;ef..1.~;...f!.~.c!J!)~nd~df)_yD.Q. No. 40-0,3)...
!:·•• "'~ ~~,.~~·:...m.(~~·1·,~i'. · . · ..
:
7
. The . inchJsion . as U"1ion m~mh~rs ¢:rtfr1ploy~~~J .: 1::1- Pre-el~tio~~o'Afe~ence . . . : ·..
f. . pu.tslde t~e. b_argaininguni_t:.sha_ll_..n<~lif....~jl~'.g~?Yr:id.f9r . rl · Within 24 hours from.. ~eq~ip_t of.th~. assi~nm·ent Jor_.
f th~ .c~ncellat1o~of th~ ryg1stration oMhf .~n19.~,.S~1d_ 1!~h~"fohduct.of ·a ce.rt1ficat1on. e!e~t1on, the Elec.t1~>n
~ · em1?h;lyees-are autorn~tically, tjeemed l~r:i;i.¢'.edfr.Qfl:1 .. hf•+~=pffic,eR.sl:i?JI . cause the i~suaric.e· ot notice· of pre-
[::"· ~h~ list <:>f'mernb~rship of said _uni?n~ffepu~/~c.Y...;...:..~:,;-'eiJcti'~n't:bQfe_retjc_e up~n the c~ntend.ing uni4:>n~-and
f: . Kawashima Textile Manufactanng:, Pkf;."J+dn_chq'.R. · tl)e emplgye_r,_ which shall b~ .schedulec;l within 10
f: . No. ·, 160352, July 23, 2008). · . . . . · '~~ .·;-.;0 · . . : days from receipt of the assignment.
r,:·. A~ to the Validity if..Certifica~~pf_ ~~is:ati~n . Th~· employer-.. shal; b~ requir.ed· to . subrnjt . the ..
( All issues pertaining to·tt:ie -validity'-cif the p~tltio()_i()g c.ertified list of einployees·in the barga_ining unit;-Or
~ uniQn's . ~ertificate 'of -regi:;;tratioh or . its· :le~al when.~ .;neces~ary: ~e . 'payrolls.• covering·' .. the .
t.,. · personality· as,. ~:i' · labQr. organization, validity . of . mernbe"rs. of the bargajn"irig t:1tiil. at
the time of the
.. ·. ·registration; arid ex~·c1;1tion. of colleqtive, bargaihin.9 filing of. petition· '(/RR ·of.,the La.bqr··code, E;Jopl<" v,
, . · . ag_ree'ments sl'iall, be ~eat9_ . and resolved. ~Y. the Rule.IX, Sec. 2; as amended by Q. 0. 40-F-03).·
Regional Director In an ·independent .. P.e~iji6n..Jo(· · . : . · . . ' · · . . . ·
'i · cancE:llation· of its r'eg.istrat.ion and not by the Med- The pr~per·tin:ie..to:,questionth.e list o(qµalifi~d v·oters
Arbiter i.n the petitio)1-fe>"r qertification-el~ction (/RRdf .:is during· th~ .pre-elecUon conference.' It _can ·no
,,.. · the ·Labbt Code, BQok V; ·.Rule . VIII,· sec. 15, · as· · ·tonger be contested· duifr-!f th~ a·c.ttJal.condlltt Of the .
.. ; amt;n_·ded by.D. 0 . .fJa. 40-f-D3).. · ..._ , . "· ·. cerHfication · election·. (/RR of·. the · LABOR CODE,
o:
ri.-';· . . Department's
Unless -the petitioni°ng ·union_ ls· riot. li~ted .ir:i .the
. roster . Of· . . legitim~te labor
Book V, Rufe· IX,. S.ec."2,. as."ahiended PY b. l':!,/o•. 40-
03). . . .. . . .

r . . 'otganiz;;itions·,.·.dr an. existing. collective "barg?ining ·· .Waiver of. Right to be Heard

to
. .
· . Fallu're of any party appear during the pr~.~election
.. t;, . Jhe _D1e1·,pSa"rtme1.
agreement. is . flOf: ~egisfered WV:.i,lh n5·
t.
,,. (lR.R qfthe LEib(!r Cod_fiJ, B_ook , Rule V( , · ec'. , , ... conference despite notice:st,all be considerep as a
f:,.·. · a-s arr,ended by D. 0. No. 40-F-03}:· · wah;,er of' its .right to be present' and' question -or to
...
L' •
qpject to any of the agreements r.eached·ir:i ttie pre-·
k,~. election conferet1ce. Howev~r. this.shalf .nofdeprive
r:.
,.:•·
2019-SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED B~R OPERATIONS I 123.
 LA.BOR RE·LATI.ONS
SAN BEDA .IAW'C~NT/MLll~DBAR OPE:RATIO.~S.~ MEMORY AID·2019 ·

· the non-appearing party of th~ right to be famished · or·the employer (/RR of

notices . and . to attend subsequent pre-etection
· conferences (!RR of the LABOR CO.Of=, Book. V,
'Rule IX, Sep. G, ee amenaea by D.O. 40-F-03).
. When P,~e-~l~ctio~ . · Conf~~enc1,/ ·sh~!I . ·be
completed,· . . .. . . .
The pre-election. conference :shall be completed-
witt:iin 30 days from the date· of the first hear.iflg_.({RR
ottne LAB..08. CODE; Book V, Rule IX, Sec '4, as
emendea 'by Q.·O. No. 40-~3).: ·: ·.·. . otherwise underrnlne.the secrecy and sanctity _of th~
' ·· ·
Qualification ·
of. Voters· . . . .
· All employees who are .rnembers otthe appropriate
.· bargaining_ ·un.i~ ·.3 months prior 'to the filing of the.
· · · · A
. -petitlon/request · shall -~e·. eligible · to. _vote. . _n ·
employee who· has been dismissed from · work but
· contested the ·legality of dismissal· in a· fcjrum. of
th~. 'LABOR CODE, Book \/, .
Ru[f:IX,S.ec. 7, as ar:nended byD.O. No, 40-1-15).
· ·Secr~cy .and Sanctity of the Ballot
To ensure secrecy,o( the' ballot, the Election Pffic~r•
. together with .the authorized representatives .of .th'e..
. . coritendirig unions and the.''employer, ·shall 'before.
the start of the actual voting, . inspect the polling
place, the ba\lot boxes a.nd 'th~ polling booths. .
No· device that ,could record or identify 'the voter or
ballot 'shall ·be allowed withiQ. lhe. .'premises.- except
. those devices brouqht In by the election officer }my' ·
· · other device.within the premises shall be.confiscated.
· by the election .offlcer and returned· to its owoer after
· ·.~ . the. conduct of the Certification Election .(/RR of the
. . .
· 'lAf3_Q'R· CODE, _ Bo?k · V, R4l~. IX, . Sec .. !3, as

order for_ the. conduct ~f ~ cert1fi~at1oh. e_le~}~gn,~all lf 'T'

be: considered a q_u_ahfi~d..voter.. unl;$;~~,s~2.ss~I l_)
,~e
.appropriate furis·d_iction_c~tttie .~rn~ ~f. is~ua~~e o.f~-~~~·n=:.=:~n.de.d by D.O. No. :~.0-1-15).

·jj~f
-~~~'-!: n of Ballots . :
·. ·. .
·
t1e.qJ$~officer shall prepare the Q!31lots in
. . .

w~s decl~red valid. m ':' fin~I jud~m,e~va;r, ti~~-=--=""'Bns!~h ~&FWPtnoor the }O<:al dialect. Th_e·number
.the conduct of the ~~rt1fi~t1~n
·· ·. ·
e',t~, Y./r · ·_;. · . , ;.;.~ bc!llot~.JQ,9Qlo,c!'~[respond..to
'{ · .~-,?.jf .-.,1~ · ~
the number o~ voters
in 1fi~..qarg~1rJfn~~qi_t plus a· reasonable number of
ln case of dlsaqreernent over VP,).;7fJ1~t;or~.J.igib,1!1t¥ti · ~ "e}ttra. b,\\'llots'>,fefr:-•cintjngencies:All ballots. shall be
. al! contested vqters sha~I betalfow~EJ,,(_r,voteJbuttl'i~r . .bfr} 1'lgned Jt thJ)b'ic~hy·the Election Officer and :an
votes shall be segregated an· seale<;l,m an .envelope ..!,;,,?": . . 11 .• -.h v ,1 .1 ~-
-..
.. (/RR of the LABOR. CODE, ·r!,?:Jfi.:.V;{Rule

..as.. amen.~ E1
.
·. d db ·oo N' :40'11"'(<£11·
Y . · . · · ... o,
. · .. · .. · ·H :.-....~~
,t "?'~N·...
.
·
':i
IX,-Sec:'"6~1trtal.!.~.QJ~d

. .,. i;f:~rmb - ,.
·
n..-...., :-n · · . . ·
· · .
repr(!l~entat1~e of each of the conten~,ng_
'1,--i-i{-""'~iig~ ·-.1,t~/B9.S(lf~of_t~4~B~RCOP.E,BookV,_Rule/X,
":f,..,/.' ail~~c·.. 8, ~s·ainen1ot~RY.p. q, No. 40-93). :. ~ · . .·

P'ro~a.tionary employees !ia~t~i9._ht)ot_~t~jn~Proceciilfe:rii.t~~ Chall~nge of Votes :. . . · .. ·

a .certificatio_n.election '• \ n~\ ... ~~\ '7"i:fl I ! •,l'l"The-'~ib'Dlot
. ,,,~s.::.v§tjr. who has be.e_ri:pt9pe1)y
Th~ ·Labor · Code makes fo~ 1:fo~\mct1~~~S\~ ~qi#~.1 ~;J~r~rn:9:~i- _ q~fing the pre-e!ectiq_n 'conferences;
.employi:n_ent Sta~US :c!S. b.a~,i~ fo~\_ehg1~/Qij,~· . ..r~ll~Epplac~tJin an f!'tiV~lope.which s~a!l.be sealed
~upp_c>rting_ y,e · PCE. !~e . 1~"¥·_-referS\!o. ~ l/~e~_,..,,<~-Y:il1e'El99.flon Offi~er in t!)e':pr~se,:ic~ ~~ th~ voter
etnployees 111 the barga11;111')g urn}~!-,11 they~~~~4~:>f Pr-J1:c!n"'d:thei:e'e.resentafives·ofthe contending unions. · ·.
. eligible to s_uppo.r(the pelitf.on js\.t~.pel?;,~:!g:-tll~~~j.P ~v / . . . • . .• . . •; •. • ..

bargaini~g unit (N~ti~na(Union qr ~(~,ei:,~ @ti~f~fSi:c~rfii;_\3l~t!9'fl40ffic~r shall_ indicate on ,the envelope

Re.stl:fW.f!nts ancf: ,:itlted lndustr,es- M§Pi/~~k@Vjtqn 1,. A' ~~~"v.@~r'~:narrie.the union ..c~all~ngmg t.he voter,
Hotel Chapter v: .Secretary· bf La_bor, ~q~?· · 1'\'llane;..th:t!i'?..groi:.mdfor _the c:;hallen~e. The·. Election
· · t 81531·; July 31, -2Q@9t·_. · ··· : . ·. "'.'"'""'""""•'"""officer.shall·note· all ·challeng~s.in t):le minuteS of·th!;!.
. . . .' .. . .. election' proceedings aod··shall have custody' o(aJl· .
. P~sti~g pf Noticei' -.· .. . . . ·_ : .. ,· . . :. : . envelopes . containing . chailenge~.. v~t~s- . The' .
. The Election ··Officer and his/hef Auttioriied 'DOLE · . ·. ~nv.elopes. ,shall be· opemed,. and the question. of
·Pe~~onn'el sh1:1II. caus~ the'·. p,ostinti' '.qt-· notice . o~ ·. . . el.igibility,shall be passed. .\JpOn -by the Me~-Arbiter
electi9n at le~st 10 <-,Jays before the actua,Ldate of tt:ie. . . ·. ·.only'if the 'n.umber of st;igregated vote.s·will materiaify
election in .Jhe · 2. most :conspicuou~ places in'. tt,e ·a1.ter. the: results of .the _e_l~ction. (b. o: No•. 40-F~03,'
_co.mpany·premisl?~- Tl)e 'rioti.~~sba·11.co'ritc.:1in the: ·. · ·-. :·Rufe·/)(_, Sec: 10). ·< .- · · · .. · ; · ·
· 1: . Date· and time·of the eilection; · . , · · · ·. . - . ·;. · · ·
· z.: •!)lames of.~II cqriten9in!;i.°Unions;'_and'
3. Description of the bargaining unit' ancl the 'list of
. : Spoiled B.,;1llots are.'those· whi~h are torn, 'cl~fo~ed; :
· · or. con.tains· markings ·which'. Gar:i· ·1t;iad . an~ther·· to :.
' ' eligible and'·ctiallengi:ld voters. .· · . -· . clearly. fdent.Jfy.the _voter-wlio ca.sts s1.,1cti,vote (D:"o.·
' · · ·. · ··· · · · · · · 40, ~t:J/f!'.f, Sec.1(ww);asamended:byD.O. 40.:;~15}.-
The .posting of _the 'Ii.st of employees· c.ompnsint:fthe · · · ·· · • · ·
· bar:gaining.. unit- sh~II .b!'}. .done . by·· the DOLE AJJstenticm rl;!fers t~ a .blari~ or unfilled ballot yaljdlY-
per:sopn~t. ,· ..,. · ca~~- by·an_..eligible voter.:lt.is ·no_t considered as~a.
..: .. negative. vote.· However... it· .sha.11 b~ -consl~ered. a
. The posting .of the· notic.e of'ele.c.tio'n,.the· information · valid · v0te for pu'r,poses of · ·deiermiriing a valid
. ~ re.quired to be incluctea .therein and the dLiratiqn cif . . election. (D.o. No. '40-03,: Rule:,, Sec. 1(a), as
· ·.. _·pc;,sti.ng cannot:be w~1ved''b_y t.he.i!ontendihg Linioris · amended by o:o. No. 40+15), ·.

124.. I· 2019 SAN BEDA.l.AW .CEl'ITRALIZEc:>.8AR·.OPERA

. ~ . . •, TIO~S·
 . .

LABOR RELATION.Sio,9
· SAN e:m/i. LAW C£NT./IALIZED BAR oPf.RAnoNs - MEMORY.Alo
& MiriW! ii Mi . IPA W tdlitiiWfri*¥
'·' ,.,,
Orr-the-spot Questio~s Failure of Election
The Election Officer· shau rule . on any question .. Where the number of votes ..cast in a certification or
relating to and raised <Juring the conduct -of the consent election js less than the · majority of the
· election, In no .case, however, shall the election number of eligible voters. and there are no-material
offic;er'.·r.ule on.. any· of .the grounds. for chatlenqe. challenged votes. the· Election Officer .shall declare .
· specified in the immediately precedlnq.sectlon (D. .Q. a failure of election in· the minutes of the· electlorr .
· 40-03, Rule.IX~ Sec: 11" as amended by D. 0. 40-F- -proceedings order (/RR of the I..ABOR coos, Book . ·
o~:.. .. . v, Rule JX, Sec. rr; as emended btD,0. No, 40,-0:JJ:
Protest;Wl1eo.P~rfected . . ,. . . . Effect ·of Failure. of Election
Any-party-in-lnterestrnay file a protest based on the .It shall not bar the filing of a-motion forthe immediate '.
,:. conduct or mechanics of the election.Bdch protests ". holding of another certification or consent election
. shail be recorded: in the minutes- of .the- election within 6 months fr'Qm the date of declaratiori of failure. ·
proceedihqs. Protests not so raised . are deemed . .of election- (lf?R.pfth:e 'LABOR CODE,·8-0bk V, RiJJe
waived: ·: · · · · IX, Sec. 18, es amended by D. O." No.· 40-0:)).... _.
. ·. .· . .
The protesting. party must formalize" its protest with M9tion to Hold .another Certification _E1e"cti9n or
·the Med.:Arbitet, :'!'Vitti specific ·grounds,. arguments Consent Efoct.lo_n,in case of Failure of ~lecti.oi,
and evidertce.. within 5 · days after: the close of the Within 24 hours ·from the .recetot of the motion for·
. election 'proceedings.. If not recorded in the· minutes .~/"'I · immediate holding· of another election, the Ete¢tion· .
i and .. formaliz~d ·.within_- the pre_se::ribed.. period, Jlil,e"'.))l Officer sh~U ·jm.r:i.e?iately__ schedule. the c~mauct- of_·.
.. protestshan bedeemed dropped (/RR of the LAf?O~r/.:, '\ such election within ~ 5 days from .receipt of the
1
SJ.ODE; ~ook V,. R_ule IX, Sec. 12, as am~ndei(ff ... ::·~~: mot~on ~119 .ca~~e the posting of. the .. 11otice_. o:
D,O. N().. 4Q-F-03). ·. . \J .. t. , ·; ·.:/,'-;--P.~ ..r:1,~ca.t1onr.rtect1on a!·:l·~?st 10 days. prior to the
", ~- . · ·. · · -, . · .· · .,4/ ..
Note: A; protest c_annot- be 'filed . by a lab.9r-' unrbn ;--> f.1
L:,,. . ·f1 i.r~.Qb.~~l!,ted;a?,.~f 9f.elE;c~orpnthe 2 _rhostcon.spic~ous
places:~,n~th1f1<0stabhshtnent. The same ;gu1de.hnes
which is. not a pa_rticiparrin· the ce_rtifii:.~6~electi<?p/\..;)l and list of v9te\s· $ha!I be U$ed'in the elec.tfon :(/RR .
(G9P-CCP Workers UniQn_ ~· 'CIR,) §J./( No. '.~.,...-(\.. of the LAB~Ff,, (4.0DE,.Bo_ok V, .Rule·IX, Sec. 19, as .
33~1,~, ,$eptember_.1p; 1979); .. _;.../.,:1.).',~" · t;{ amendedf,Y ~-(\N~.-10-03J. · . . ·.... ·: . · . ·
. . . .- . . ,,..,y .. "r,"'.;:c"';? . t.,. . . . ·,f . r \. .
· C~ova~rsfng~fVotes .. · · :{~ ,q:} · . .. . ~~ .,~t·
:
· The. votes should·be counted,afla iatlbl.sJl~ tiy'ztt.i~ · .. ~;( the El~~lipn,:1::,.•r~_;:.:'J .
?'
r1 Proc;J1}»ati_~rlL!~dy~~rtificatfon tiii -.~e:sult ~f ·
.. . · .
. Elect_lon ·?ffice·r· _ ff) ·th"e' ~~:Pi~~-e.~ce;Aj>f rtt-i'rf . f.':;,- \oyi~tiin ·2~!ti~{J.~{irorfl. finai canvas~· of vo~es; th~~e
repre~e~ta~1ves of ~e ~P~.te~d(Og~";',!i)t.<?.o1i,.'~On·t'}Ei · . l •.'J ·b!:!lrJQ ~ vahd elect,on, the' Election_ ~ffrc~r s~all
, completion ·of the -can~ass.• the ·E;lectip\1i_Officp~r-shaU · l··:;-rr:1r.~n~m1tthe. re.cords-of ~h.e_ca~~ to .t.n~. Me?-Ar~_1ter .
. gjve e·ach representative a·copy of-the·.r_n.im.itesof the. , '·;!i' wJ:tch,hall~.w1tt11ntl)e ~ame pe~1od from r~e1pt of th.e
~l.ectlol'i"proceed_lngs and results o"f t~E(~1~btfo11c;T!ie-::..c.:.1~miA~~e"s~a:fi)·· rest.i_lts·Of th'e· election, .issue an· order
ballots and· tally sheets i;_hal~ be tra11sef,{ittedtfp.:the · ·proclaiinif)g the r~sults of the-electjoo and·certifying-
: Med-Arbiter within: 24 hours from the c'b'Q1pleflon of the union which obtainecfa.ma}ority-ofthe·va!id .votes .
. . the ·~nva~s (IRR··vtthe.LABOR. .COOE,':':-Book· V,' the
casfas· sole· arid exdusiv_e bargair°!'ing agenf;n · .
:. 'Ruie :IX, .$ec .. 14, as amende_d byb.0. 40:.°<)3)' . . -th~ ·subject ·: bargaining· unit; ... llnd~r . any,·.of the
· · · · · follo~i.ng·condltions: .. · · · ' · · · · · ..
. CESrtiflc;~tionof . Col!ective Bargalnin~ Agent · , . : 1. No protest was .filed er:- ev~n if brie-was· fil.ed,. the.
··the _tJnion· r,ihieh .ob.t~ined'·.a..·m~jority .pf the .valid same·· was not· perff;lCted Within ·the five-day.
-i-
-: votes e::ast .sl:i"al.1 b.e "c:~rtlfied as the sole·.and exclusive. for
. . period p~rfection of the ·pr¢,test; and· ·
barg13ir}lng ~gent.of 131!. the employees within 5·days . 2.. No c~allenge "or eligibility iss"ue was raised or,
frorri"the day. of the el~~tion,',prcivided. no= protest is . . even if" one·:_was rais~d. th.e .reso1ufio11 of the
\. rec9rded in· the minutas,9Uh~-electi_9n . · same wifl obt,materially char:ige the results·of the·
elections·. · ·
,··
,· When. th~ -~;~ri'ir,g "choice ·is ~-!peal chapter Without a
;. i
. certi,:icafo °t:>f crl'!ation'of chartered local,. SU¢h locaJ . ,:he winning ·union shall have· the._rights; priviteges .
· chapter sh.all sub111it .Its DOL:E-itsued ~ertificate ·of . a~d obli_gations of a. duly certified conective .
. Creation-with.in 5.days f~Olll the.conc!ui;ion of election · ·· bargaining ·agent ·from the·time .the certification is.
(/RR of the LABOR CODE;Book V, Rule IX,· Sec. 16, ·. issued. . . ·. ..
·as_ a'flef!ded by.D:.O.. No. 40~/;._15): · . .
Where. maJo.rityof the valfd vote.s ~st tesu_lts iri "No.
Union" obtaining the majority, the· Med:Arbiter shall ·
declare. suet.I f~'Ct in. the.or.der (/RR of.tiJe_LABOR- .
. ·CODE, Book V, Ruie (X, Sec. 20; as amand.ed-by. .
o.o::No. 10-03). : . ·. · . . . ·

,·
· 2019SAN·BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR-OPERATIONS 1125
 LABOR R.E.LA:Tl·o.N·s
SAN BE;D;>. LAW'CE~TRALIZW ~R OPERATiONS - MEMORY AiO-:w19
~Nft64i?At¥a«tlMMi4it»YMClP WM# Wiifff MK ·'!°'fiMlil9itnet0hiK i#l5Wfil-W# tM.
Do.uble·Majority Rule . Co._, a certmqation election ·was- held among the 3
For there to ~e a valid certification. election,· two · contending unions,-' namely,' Union "A," Union ''B,".
majorities mus( be complied with: a_nd Union_ "C". Of the 560._eligib.ie voter.,s.- only ·soo
1. '. MajoritY. of bargaining unit-must have .voted; and aotually cast their votes. Union "A" garnered 220 ·
2. The winning: union must have garnered majority . vc:>tes, l,lnion -- ''Bo\ garn~red .24_2 votes, Union -"C"
· of_ the ·valid .:votes cas~ '(Nation[!/ Union .·or ,garnere_d 30 vote$, while tb.e rest of;the ballots w·ere
Workers in· Hotels,, Restaurants and JJ.lli~d considered as spoil~d.U9P2 aar). - . - .. ·
.-Industries-Manila· Pavilion Hotel, Chapter .v,.
.'Secretary .oi" Labor, G.R .. -No,· 18153·1,_· July 1. .How do yoti determine the majorWy vote in
·.-31,2009)." the.certiflcatlon election? .. ' .. . .
· The:. mafority · vote in a . certification election. is.
How .to De.termine _the.Double· Majority Rule: · - 50%. plus 1 pf' the yalld .. votes cast. Spoiled
1. ··ln'.d~te.rmining jhe validity. of.the process of the -· . ballots areexcluded (LABOR CODE, .Art. 268):
. certification .election itself (1.st Majority); -incfude.. - . . . . . - . '·, · · s; • • - : ..

' spoiied ballots.. , . . . :-- ·_ . . . . . . z.:

Jn . the problem whlc;h . of, -the: contending·
2. .' In deterrnininq the number of votes required to. . unlons won ~tie:certificatioi:i electlori, if'ariy? ·_
· ·· . · be certified· as the .collectlve -bargaining ·-agent . Why?· · . · . ·
·-. ' (200.. Majority), eliminate spoiled ballots 'but' - , N_one.'1'0.~e declaredthewinner, a-unlon should
. include challenged: votes (<;:HAN; Pre--w~~~~~h_ave:_-obtained.'at !,east.· ~47 -votes -. This :
-Notes on Labor Law, (2018) p.8.6}. · _.,:.,~·-. r_
;f. "\\:.,;c(;)f:1(-!LMe.smajo~lty of the V.!'llid votes ;cas!; -8
·. . . . _?;J-'~ ~ . (, ~ j ';
ithlr~i:!~.!«e~espoiled; there were therefore 492
ll!ote: When the winnir,g choice is,~1qq'f°a~c)5):1pJer~.x-~~, . . ;.f y~lid{voJ~asf The majority of th~-valid·'votes ·
wjth_out· a certificate of creation 9fijj~:arf~i:~j.d86al, '. ·· ·~~tfr~24-t\~CANTARA, supra at. 457). , ·
: 'such · 1ocal chapter shall -submtf' ~~~J.:,~ i§i,1;1e&=-;,~-"":'-~..,,....._
G.eriificate withifl ·5 ·days. f.ror,Rgl)~ c{.oncl~ion fiit .cft·
...~~ <z \ .
,ijules ').WJ\icli~r.event tJle 'Holdlrig·· bf .· a
. ,_ _·
vf
~lection (/RR cJf the l,.ABOR C/!JDE2;0E~p'ok Rule /~' {~ ~~rtific\ti0Jt1f!~tj.~\. · · .. , · _ .: · · •
Sec. 16, as amended by 0:9,(No. 4(fl-15JH N"_"'> 1. C_ertrcaUot\fe;:1..e~,ar-RulEf. ·. .· .. ·
, · ·
Spoiled. ballots _ are. not
- q
h~ .. t, .
¢b~te.i:J,r
1----~,,r~-r-cont-ract~Ba'
ii1 · defermfm1.n~:'... ts~~Dea~io~k_
.'.A · _ . ·. iul~
B~r-r.t!'.i~tj .· - , ,, . ·.. . _
. majority {PAFLU V. "BLR, G11~.Nu.. l{-:43760.~ug4S~~TTI't"m,m'f'd Negbtiation r.!al"'~~le · (2 'AZUCENA, supra at
21 1976'
,··. '/• : . . '~ . ll - · '\."'=,_,.,~. 48~·
~--- ..... \\ ·,~~ .. ;·.:: ·? :- t 891
.. ..11 H ·
·,,r;_,,_j .ll: :
. .
... . ... ,.
. - . , ,n .i r v. ";,-,~ 'l, .... ,. R>"l j l~
Effect of a No~l!rlion Winhi~g,.the Elect·!,~'\\:;''.---~ J['&)'l:>
-
·,tt~F.. -~.;/
,7_
·c~.
· 1 .. }) ·-_·::{
jffoat,ic:,nYea~:aar Rule· . ;_
J.! --
- .
.- • . •-

_lf·the ~lectJons ·c:lisclose thilikthe .iii"'ajcfri·:}_p_."tt.i.~-''1 . ~~~-~p~~id;t·that;.fno·..p_etition ,fpr certification.

. wqrk_ers do not wish to be·r.epr~~ei:ited~ an· ~'b7', · ·, G(?'~eE:ti~!Jfolayb~_..filed w_ithin 1 year fron:i ttie d?te
·_.' !.'.?· ~ni_on_may ~e properly certf~i~. _and tbt:;t~-~}y~ MJ.';,.¥~?1!icl S 'ftifii:;ation,. conser:if, ·. :or run-off
· wor~ers who wish to ti_aye.a union"'r"!!_pres~.nk.·_~-:,rt!~.l'~~__we.5.tio~or fro.m the · _date . of. , _vqlu.ntary
collectiye_.b.argaining_lT!ay not in'.Jp9s~t~er~ry,e.~~r~~~$Jllo· ..... - .-... ·. · ·.. _'. · · -
_ - tt)e::ma~ont_yupo~ the plea tha:_th?y.are frEl.!Jl~d~~ed , 1\_ }i"A ~\-~,..,.(._. ·: ~-, . ·:. ·:· _ .- - . , · · . ..
,o_f; _their nght ,.tC?.- s.elf~orgarnzat1on .and: c(}Jle.qt!ye ·-- _l"\JJ.rt..~1:ne?s'arf)eban applies .1f ~no_ umori?' wqr:i :lh the
_· .. parg!3ining. Jhe!illin.ority etnployees·can do ·no_thi~":"··~, -previous" ~ieclic;m_.. . : ·-..
·· except. fo wait for· another suitable ;.oc~sion ~o · · · · ·· · • ,
· · p.etition: for a c~'rtiffcatiofi election and hope that the . .· Note:: l'fie-:,.12~~~nl~. prohibition· presupposes
· · · r~sUt_ts.Wiil b_e d!ff0ren_t·(Reyes·:v. Tr.aja"no, ·G.R .. No. . . ·· . . thS:f .th~re·. was. ·an-.-actual. cor,dµc(of' efe·ctiQn (2
84/433,._June 2; 1·9.92). - ,~· ·. . AZIJ.O~NA, $_Upra-'a{487) ..- / ,: : · ...
4 ,' ,M.. ,' _• •

.. ~Qte: The ~o~.P~nyremaini(~ryunfooizedfor at_-ie_a~t ·.- . -, Gertlfication year r~fe-rs,'to the period ·~herein ·
·. 12 months; the- periqd 'known as lhe 12-morlth·bar - ~ollective· bargaining .Sho!Jld_; ,beg'jn; which -is __
. rule; :after. such .period, a .p~itiOJl for certifiC~it°ion . '.. ... - . within: :1.2'. -rriorit.hs followlhg - th_e det.er.mJriaUor, :
election may be filed again .(2 AZUCENA, supta
477). . .. . .
at · and .. certification'." of._: emplqyees' ·.e.xclusive·
barg~ining .i:eprese_nfative.(2 ~UC£NA, ·.supra .
at $.82). · ' · · --· '
. Reason: Ttie right qf. workershot to be represented ·
. by. a unio11 sh_ould' be ·re~pecfecf f~r' it i~ an _integral · · · . When'•Certification Year .B~r will -N.OTAm>ly -
_-part ·-of ·their freedom or associ_ation (2 .POQUIZ, ~- When · there· was no certification election
- supra,at.262). ··· ·. · precisely· 'becaU$8 ·first petition Was ·~he
dis.missed on. the ground that it did . not.
. Illustration of Certification Election .. - include all the .employees Who sliould ·be ·
.1 o determine. the sole - and ·exclusi:ve- bargaining properly included · in _ th1J·- c.ollecti\i'e
agenf _of the w~~kers a·nd .ei:nployee's of·"X"· Mining . _bar~ai_niHg unit· (CMC-ACE.-UFSW · 'v.

'12°6 2019 SAN·BEDA

. . LAW .GE~TRALIZED
. .SAR-OPERATIONS,
'• ... ..
. '
 ~~~- Jllfflll!di&¥¥iNBWft • ; e mvn:raco.cs
§ · LAB-0.R.- R·ELATlONS
.f> . ~ : pi$$ M!MtDl-41! IA&&&
-SAN BEDA I.AW CEl'ITRAPZED BAR OPERATIONS-·MEMORY AID 2019
&i MW 64¥ : N &iilft 14& . 4 +:ei->!&S69§MB HJ#Pi·~ ,,..a.:;;:a,....:.:::::..,:,,

-~-.
·«; Lequesme, G.R. No. 1t'°EJ915,. FeQruary 4; . E:icc~ptions to the·.Conf.ra~t7Bar Rule.
,1/ .1_9_97). . ' . The existence of a . · collective bargaining
i·- b. if in fact there was a failure of election aqreernent Will not bar certification election ln.
&t-- . because less than majority of the cot1ectlve the following instances: . . . . .' ' '
Bargaining· Unit members. voted. (2 a.· The · CBA. is . inadequate, incomplete, or
AZUC~NA, s_upra_.at.487). defective (i.e., it does not contain· all the
s'ubstf:mtia/ c!emands . . on ' terms . .' and
. Other instances: . conaiuons-.aoq leaves out metiers which
a. ·When there was ari lnvalid'.~lection; should have. been stipulated; where · Ine .
a
-. · b. · Among ·grol:Jp of. employees \•.iho.had not stipulation becomes a sweetheart contrsot); .
· participated in the·1•t electionand had.not b. The CBA was· hastlly.entered Into, or th¢··.·
been ' gi',/en ~ the .. opportunity '-to. be '."doctrlne otpremeture -.exten-sionn.({e.i the
represented as part· Of the unlt in the 1st renewal O[ extenston .of the aqreernent Y48S '"
electlon; ·..- ·.:·. ' · · ._· · -prernature, -~stratihg the ·rigt:it of. the
c. · Un.it. bf employees is.newlycreated; . employees· to· "petition' for .. a certificatior1 ·.
d. Radical chang~ In the. size' of a.. bargaining elecfion at the proper . ._time) · (Assotiat1;3d
unitwithln·a short period of time; or . ·. :Trade· Uriiofls-ATU v. Hon. Nortel, G.R. No. ·
e. In case of unit· clarification petition . (2 · · ,l-'"48;361,.'.Ja.nuary 1($,. 197.9); · ,· · . · ·
AZ.iJC~NA,._supr.aa,f'487-1B8J. . c; . _Cohtract ·Where . the -identity of ' the.
. . , ,,/t) ! · representative is, in: doubf.(Fo?mtex: Labor
2 .. Contract-Bar Rule · · . -.L.·:,/· ·/~fa! ~ Union:·rupas.v,· Hon..Direetorot BLR, G.R.
General Rule: While a valid and registered GB~,/'"} . · . No. L-42~49, April -17; ·1976);
_is su~sis~ihg for a fixed· 'period. of 5. _y,ea'rs,n~~·'.°:: .'.>"·): . d. CB~ erit~r'ed ·jnl(? _between the employer arid .
. . Bureau_ 1s not a!lo':"'ed .-to, hold a~ .. elec$~0!'1> .. ,.,~;r··"·~ thel':,,urn_~r:i. dun~g the· pendency ~or.·
· coptestmg· the maJor-1ty status of the mcu~efi!j./(·/P)~ll::;f~-~~Jf4_9_c1t1on_ ·e1~~li~n (V~ssar Industries
urnpn (0801!G_OOE, Art. 265). _.,~,;::;. ::-"/ !l · . ' ""-'.!EmP,f.oyees'Umon··v. EsVella, G.R. No. L- ·
· C,,/" ..·· )LJ·j · , 4656W1.1March31 1-978)· · · ;. · ·
-~xcep~ion:. ·?u,rinf! . .t~E:' '. 60P.::-1~i~,ri~~,;.--:1'r\' ' ·e. C'W'·Il-~\~i&tered'. wit~ falsifie9 $Upporting
. ~m'!1ed1a~e.ly·pnor to 1.ts ~xp1r~~9-if;w.~:',?~pe~Qd l;l . · . dgcui;nettts (/RR ~f. the ~BOR ~ODE, Book
' IS C.9lled.the freed.om pe~_og,f~BeR~oau: Art,
268). •.·. . . · . .r{.f.~-J .· ?y.?_•<
L,
. _.~ i,.l.
'·. ·. }(( ~~e 1:i{t, Se_a. 5(b))_, : . ' " ' '
f. -;f~!._ti9n· 1s~l_ed dunng th~ 6?-<Jay freedom .. ·
'.
i.

: . . ·. \·?''' ~-=-.:::v.·)· · ~- · · ~; 1~ · · "~pJjm;>'d;:lZA-?.lif€ENA,supra--a'f 493); .

While_ a valid .and_ ··regist~r~P. c~g!.;ia .fi.x~~ · i"j: · g.'~ne.&'ii!J!ium -t~ regi$te~ an _indepl:ndent
.. durati_on is subs)sting,. the BL~;i~!np.'f-a1Jo.wedffe. ·; r:, un!on (2_.AZ_UCENA,·supra at 496t and ·
hol~ an election cont~~ting" the·i:r$j9rity 1i~~s of ·t;~h.· . CSA was · s1911e.d b_efo're or . withirf the
. the incum·b~nt union·duri!19 \ts s!;yea(-Yfertn .o~ J;,H'\.f'~",~-;_;;j,Jra~~omperiod· (/RR 9t,the .L4BOR CODE,··.
· repr~sentation except dunng the 9Q~ay.ij~rf9--a:;:.,,.,..,,hL<.c....:......,--~0k V, Rifle XVI, .Sec.::~(b)) ...
im~eoiately prior ta: .th~' exP,ir~tion\?,f!he ;~rtear .
term. The 5 years -shall, tie reckor,e~r,t;fr.6¥'JI the . .3.' Deadlock Bar Rule · :_ · ·.. · · · .
date ofeffec:fivity of the CBA(IRR oftfie-'{fi.,BOR: . · 1t simply "provides.that a petition for certification.
COD~. Book V,Ru/e XVll,. Sec. 7,. as amended election can oniy_.be e'ntertained··if .there is n:o
by o.:o. N~ .. 4:0-03).:· : . · · · · · i , ," ·. · · -pending · bargaining deadlock submitted tb
. . ' .. .. ' ,. i::onciliation' or ai:bitralion or' had· bedorrie the '
Note: ~eQistration- of .CBA only puts. into' ~ffect. subject qf a valid notic·e o°t strik~ or lockout. Ttie ..
:...... . the Contracl-B~r R\JI~· but tbe CBA_itself is valid · . . . · · ·pr(ncipal°,purpose: is tq · ensu"re stability in· the · · ..
and: binding even i.f unregistered '(Tanduay ' relationship pfthe'work~rs and the rri'anagefoent
v.
'Disfill<:1iYLabor Unio'i1 NLRC, G:R. No: 75037; · ·. . '(NA<;;USIP-T.UCP. v. Oir.. Trajcjlno,· G.R.. ·,No,.
· Apo1 30, ·1987). · · · ·67_48·5, April 10, _tp92); ·
•,·'·
Requisites.for .Qontract-Bar.Rl!le: . Whe~ · .not: appli_c.ab_re:. .f 11 · case of. artificial
a: · It. ·.must: contain· .·.substantial te·rms.. an~. · deadloql.<' which,: is a deadlock· prec\rr~nged or··
conditions of empl_qym~nt · sufficient to ' preserved by coliusion"of Jhe ernployer and: th(;!
stabilize the t:?argaining rel~tionship; · . majority unjon.· '{2
.
.,tl.ZUC£;::NA,-supra
... '
a( 490).
: b. rt rriu~'f be sigrfed by the pai:ties; . . ... . .
c.· The.effective date·and .expiration date must. ... . · . Artificial De.adjock is. a. deadlocl< •prearranged
Qe readily. dis(,'ertii!Jle on the .face of ··the· ' . or preseryed by colluslqn. (;jf the eniploye~ and ·
.contract·(2 AZUCENA, supra at _496). . · · the·- majority .urii_on: lt is tfle ~eceptiorr.of ~he
...
( · workers: hef)ce; i:iot a barrier 't<;'I a petition fo'r a
t Certification El_ec;tion.(ld.). . · ·
(.
";
L. 2019 ·SAN ~EDA LAV:,I CENTRAL/~EDBAR OPERATi6NS 1.127 .
~-:
i
 LA-BOR RELATIO·N·S
SA~ SEDA LAW CENTIWIZ.£.D S-M Of'ERATIONS. ~ MEMORY-At_D201.~

Deadlock arises when there is .an impasse, which

presupposes' reasonable .. effort at good .· faith
barga"ir\ing which, .despite noble intentions, did riot
. conclude In an agreement .between the· parties
· . · · (Ta.bangao. -Shell Refine,y ·Employees 'Assoc.· v..
PilipinasShe!/,.G.R. No. 170~07/Apri/ 7, _2014). .

Note; Th~ absence.ot-the partles! mutual declaration .

. of deadlock does riot. mean· that there· ..was no .
deadlock. At most, it would . have been . siinp1y a
re'~0.gnition.of 'the· prevailing statusquo between the
.parfles (Tabangao She/1.Refiner:y:Emp/qyeesAssoc.··
. . v, Pilipfntls·Shell,
. .
.G.R.
. Noa. -170007,. Apri/1,'· 2014).
. . ..
.:

. : . ~: higi~ations Q(a G_~ouine £?e~dlo.c.k: :_ · . ,

. . a. · The .submlsslon of. the deadlock to -a .
. concflatlon or arbitration; and '
. b. : The clea.d_lock tsthe subject.o! a-valid notlce
~ . . ·. of strjke- or lockout (fil(!tionar Cqtigr.ess· ot-~:·--
.. . . .lli!!an5::. in . »:
'Sug_ar ' ln_dus_t,Y...-~e:P'1'ne
· . . Ph_fllppmes v. Dir:T,:aJcmo, G-~Nb:_{f]4B5, · .
..
-u . h-~,
V j f. ),. ,
. .· . ·-.
. .-'
... · ~pril'10.·19~?J- ..
. . ,·.
··/
. . -. 0
~\;.J/
. r..;-;-:.P~_
. . .. ~
/J ._;,._A-·
v f',. .
. _ ..
.
4.. N·e~otlaUon Bar Rule. . / .
It provides that a p_eti~i9~_fo/~lfi. f.9~e~tiqn,
o
',,;I'. ~- .......X---~- '~(i;, · '\~. ·
·=Jr --·yr·. ,. ~--~. ·
cannot be .entertained 1f, r5etore,trfe f.ih,P!;J of ttle
petltlon ·.for·. ·certificatio;~ ele~~fon, the duly ...,, .
,1.-f" , ·"'\.
. . ;1· . ')_ (J{)·\~
4t- =. \
recog~i~e·ci or certified co'r?he~~ ·,P~~9Jr-·~a~
"'~-:-:-:-,--:-~,· · ·. .,j_ y.- . ·l . _ . : .
- .. n~got1at19ns .wjth th~. Erpl0~er_ m. a?f.>raalil~ t-(~ . . . ~ ~~ ~-. lI .
. w1tf:i. Art, 26:. of :~he L.a · or .,Cede_w1th1~~he· op~~ . . · . ·
-P-1 ij . ·, . . ·...
· ~-1)-Yeflr ~ryod re~e.rr~,tcf-11~.~~~~-~)\Qf D,O.:··~S·
.No~ .40--03, Rule VIIJ·· ~~1ft~~tic:> 3e~f\: iuleX:l-;"l'
0.
.."X'i ·
·. Ii.·
1,'
-.J
l:'ff"~·
. .,l:::/7· J.~11
·. (CHA_N;.Labor t.awReili~r,'er(2~,t6),· JJN<}{~<:: ~1 &l~'r · ./ , -~· ·.
. .. . ·t\' . ·-.~,. ~01-~

. ,/ w~ . · . :· j' ..
E!..eJ .~ ,f ~"' .
' : : . ·." .. ·. . . '~ ·.; ·~ : .9 . ,:;, ... ;.

. . ,· . . : . \\' . · -SCJm1:.\t~- .· .h . . · ,!'. ·, . ....,

.· -~ ·.
. :;,-
Pr\ '\i,.._.
~._; - ~;.,, ~· - y
- ·. ~.. ~-~-<..!-:Q -~~~~ ~ "'l.,.\Y . . . . .
.· · . . : ·- . . ;· ,. -"~~~~?.· · ·Mf~~- - . · . ..- ._,. ·
,.~,,.-~--.·· ......
... ·

. . :.. .:. :.-··

.,~.
. ·.···
·.. --:·_·
,,
,h''
. I

: .. , ...
_;·...
.· ..
..... · . ··:··:

128 .I .2019.$AN BEDA LAWC!;NTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 ·-. --·---------.

.LABOR R.ELAT .IONS -

. SAN 8t:DA1.AW~ENTAAI.Jl~DBAR OPERATIONS-.MEMORYA;D-2019
111:1tsiSllllDllll ......... aam11 ..Z111....... 1111.. 11:11Z11.... lllllilllmii:miJBIJ .... BIIIII.. YMaJ!IIW=>aa1S1-W1mlilillmMOm&e~er.•'Ef.li~i·~.~-~~g

.r- Filing of '

'i,;.~ .
a_ Petltion.for Certification
.
Electiori,(CE)
. .
.;V · Who 'T'liY. file: General rule: Atiy l,.egitiniate Labor Organization (L~O), including a_ national union, or
11/ Federation ln behalt of the LLO. . - · · · · . . ·
:~:_:' . Exceptfon:. Employer when asked to.barqaln ·. : · _ · . ·
· Whe~e-to fi_le:"Reglona1.o·~c,fwhJch issued 'the certi!.[cate of registration _or. certificate of.creation

· Common Requirements of Petition . . .

1, . · Petition 'must be verified..13Ad undecoathby President or ·authorized representative.
~ ·· · · 1. Name of.applicant union; principal address, · . . · .. · . · . ,
~ict, . · •• , H independent
•, · ~ ·
Union, .certiffcate o(registration'number_and date issued. ·
· · . . · · · · · · ·
ir~ .·, If local chapter, charter-certificate. ·
,t,-, 2 .. _. Name .andaodress or· empleyer-cornpany. :
.. 3;. Descrlptionof me. appropriate bargaining 'unit and thetotal number of employees in the appropriate
. barga°inlng unit." ·. . . . ·. . .... _. . .: . . . . . . . - . .. . . .
. . ' . . :

+
I . .
: .. · .....
. ·u!1organii~d Establi_~h-me.nt Q_rganized,eef~blishrtu~nt . . ·. . . . . .
\'.'Jheh·' -to· file:- Any time· When ..
tPi-fii~·Coritract
• ,...... . ~ ,,.. ·;lJl\ ·.
Bar; - I-year. bar rule qr deadlock . .
bar Petition
· Addition~! , ·. petition Requir~eme')~4,t,i. . . . · ·. . · . .. · · · .
require!Jlents: .. . 1. Natn~t ~r.d.-apdre~ses·ofother legitim~t~ labororqanizations
1. That there is rio·registe.red . . wi,in?f:le,'6arg~Wllr:igunit.(":~)-: . . - ·
: .. ·.CB,t\-Ji{the··employer unit. ~- ~-i~te'.~~~(lNfi~4~~g~~tjie· Petition isfiled: .. _- ! .
. . 2. Otherrelevanffacts: . '-· . ( ·y ... · w1tlii1u.-tnefreedom peni<:f~, . · , · · i

i
I

y /1 • . . oytSJd~.one-yearperi<;>« date of final certification ri~ 1·'

· t'.i?.
,/'. · ~~J.. ,•. . test'Jlt;}~d- 6·?• .. . ·: . : · J . 1. • •. -f-1 .'\. . · I.
L-,---+-~--,---------,...,....;,-;< . · ;J"'~"' 09,:,deqql.ock · . /J · : .. \·
JI· . . I
I'
,f-/
... v' ·:·:~ , ··~·
~- . . .
- ...~
·-. .. ~,,~
-ili ..
_, 'I • . .
• ·I
1
·,..,..;:;:;1 •''"'X,:~ . I:)..;,_. ·.1i.,.!j. -~>,/f",~:;[1," .~:,,:;, .',i_"E,'"'!..
... ·. x : . · £.: ~- ....... ~~~ iJ4 . · ~-~,.-·{.·: A,1;,.,~..-..... ~·~;~..,·
.: : · "---:-:.-· P-'J;}:J "1\} ~-- -~N ·. ·+· · -......:~~-~!"":"".
1

. I,.
· 1- · ~affle to m~tl~_arbit~~~ri-a°S~fViCe?~:~of_ice_~~r-pr~_lifllir'l~_ry·conference_ , .... r
l
. .
.-. G·}-?.
·>:,""'- . . . ·r' ,,,..v:11r'-'~~~1r~ihw'-
.~iv-:•· -.---: . .:........
!-.~~. ..
. .~

'··I :··_ ·. _Prelimiria'ry co~ference y;,ittiin-./0 days tr:on.:i r~ceipt of pet_ition ·J

' ... ,.-..:
._ If rio gro.t.inds·e>i:jst ~r·ar.e
·-: '..
' . IL· .. .:.;.·_._·..;...t:t_:e_a_ri_n__,g,-(c_·o,n_'t_e_n_d-:-i,i

.Challenging p_etitlon for CE:.

. . · i·.
_l=l--:A'{",-d-e_·n1"'"'p'--_.l-b-:-ye_r_)
:1_9_.u_.n.;...i
__-er':'-,---'---·

. Parties.agree·~o.·consent
'<"'.'on~s-· _.I
. . · f·:

Ir· .
Contract· · B,arr. 1-year .bar/. · election
hot v91id,: then:· .. . . ,. DeadlO"Ck' bar"; · nq·. 25%.: "-'-·~-~·. _ _._ .;....__
......
' • • •• r • • • • • • ..

. signature's; _. uniori. ' ... .h.O~ . . I ··_·

-.
;

' -o·rder for holding of.··. · .

fE!IJistered'ot. cert_i_ficatic;mwas,
revoked." · · ·
+
~rtification elections ( T.he med~arbitei' sliali enter ..
. ,: ·. L-',.------.- 1_ -.. ---.:...--,-__..;..,.>" ~ .. ·the tact'of the agreiment ii'.),';
;r -------'·'--,------~-,.' the minutes.of the t_iearing.
· .·. ·o9nf~J of p.0tition for · .. · .
. certificatf.on ele~tion-.

~:_. ·.
·and Appeai
.=. : .

(/RR of the LABOR C~DE, Book i/,:R'ule VIII,~-$ amended by_D:O. ty_o._.40a03).

l
.
.
. .
. · .· - 201s sAN sEoA LAw cE_N-iRAr::1zEo
. ... .1~AR.oPERAt10Ns·
.
r 129
.
•'
.
 .
#RM . 'If ;o §8 . #ISS I I ftN
. .
HmfflP12t»i&fN41

LAB-OR.RELATION.·s
. . ;SANSEDA LAWCENTRALIZEO
BAR OPERATIONS- M.EMORY"AID.:1019
c ~·.M1i4NF41NIP11&Sii5¥e:tm& . @'6W$M if!IWS_W isDbf$!¥E&Mf'4wt2Hita:i 4 A,93:GfflitiiGtiw!f Rilrm

. .: . Run-Off..Ele~tion refers to an election between the > and/or affirmed bythe rnedlator-arblterjfr.O. No. 40-
labor unions receiving the.z highest number of votes . 1-15, Rule l, Sec. 1(tt)). ·
ir( a certification orconsent election with 3 · or more
choices, where sucha certltled or consent results in Re-Run ElecFon tak_e_s·place in 2 instances.. , .
none Of tl"le-.3·.Choices Fe.ceiVil')g. 'themalortty Of the 1. To break a tie between the cpntending unions;
valid votes cast; provided that Jtie: total number pf or . ··: ··
votes for all contending unions I~ at least· ~0% of the 2. ·'it a failure of election has been declared by the
number ofvotes 'cast ·(/RR ·or·the'.f..ABOR_ CODc, election ·officer ,fod/or afffrmed by the. Med- .
Book V, Ru/Ii! 1;,Sec. ttss), as emenaea'bv D.O. No . ArbJter (D.0.-·No. 40-/-15,.Rule I, Sec. 1.(tt)). ·
. ·40:03j: . . ,: . .
In both instances, "no union"; is also a choice.

· Coriserit ~le·puo·n:.:.... voluntarily agreed upon, by tti~.,

-.parties.with or without theIntervenflon of DOLE (/RR
. of the LABOR .CODE,·:_Book V,-f?Ule·I, Secrttn), as·
: amended by D. 0 .. Nd. 46-()3) ·

No~e: . tv1~d-A~iter may ...

. . determine if . there is
employer-employee .
. relationship .and . if_ 'the
Re-'Run Election refers to ~ri election conducted to . . . voters are ellgible. ·
"a tie.
. break between thecontendlnq unlons, includlng. . . -· .
When . · requested to
-between "No Union" and one of the unions.' It shall . ·
·.likeW!se refer ta· anetecnon conducted after a· failure ·. .rbargaiFl collectlvely in a· ·.
. of election:h~s been declared b~.fhe electlonofftcer bprgaining. unit where no

· 130 I· 2019 SAN BEDft.. lAW CENTRALIZED BAA OPE_~TIONS

 @HIM ff MP lbiit>ASMW231 #NW

LABO'R· . RELATIONS
: . SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS~ MEMORY AID :to19 .
llii fit •• ' 6-IPM&&MIACti)ieiSSE':6{*.«S M&i$¥*6:fJVWWl!M YIP iffihtP; awimn;rrr.i~,
registered .
bargaini_r'lg
collective
·
agre~ment exists, an ·
unit I · .· STlVKris AND LciCKOUTs
. employer .may . file . a
petiti"on for certification "T.ITLE EIGHT: STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS AND
election · wiUi the FOREi:GN. INVOLVEMENT IN, TRADE UNION·.
Regional Office. But- still · ~C_TIVITIE~ ·
the" employer a· non- ·rs CHAJ:»TERI: STRIKES·AND LOCKOUTS
"parfy .. in -the .election '• . . • v \ . . \
process -(2··-AZUCENA, ARTICLE... 2'78: STRIKES.; ·. PJCkETiNG -AND
supraat 478) . :LOCKOUTS· . . . ~ .
Concerted A9t.ivity ts one. undertaken-by 2 or more
;- ... employees <. or. by .:1 on behc!!_I( ·of tl\e -others (2
.4.~TICLE 271: El\!IPLOYER.AS BY$TANDER AZVCENA,.slJl?_ra -et ?73). . . ·. . ·. . ·
In: all-cases, y,,he~her the petition "for certification ·
·.,' -electlon.is filecf ~.y an employer a legitimate.labol' .. or Str_ikeii$. any tempor~ry 'stoppa_ge of work by the .
:, ·organi~ation..the employer shallnot be considered a concerted action cif employees' as a tes.ult· of ·:a"n
~' :' party thereto with. a ccncomltant ·right to oppose a industrial or. labor: dlspute., Stfike .encompasses not.
'·f . peti,tion"fpr certlflcation .election (LA_BOR CODE, Art. _/(....,. !~y) ..· WO.rk .stoppaqes but_ also the f~lfowing: ·(SMS-
~'. V1). . . . . ,·. . · . .. /'-.; -··1?
f,, . · · .· · _ · . · . · //./J.'·\ 1 .. SlowdbWns·;
J_' · The -emptoyer's partlcipation in .such pro.ceedin:gi/ · ·:)\. 2: · ~~S!> lea~es; .
l'-t .· shall-be limited to: ' . . · .l.f~;.-.,,,.,,,. 3. · §1tdowns, . .
t~: 1.. Bei"rig notified or informed .of petitions of li!\(fn · ~ ~
:."--:-}!:~/\~~mgts.Jofl~ma·~~·. dest_roy,_or.sab(?l~~~ plant
. natur~; and .. .: . . . ·.. . _;,,...;::;/ :--::J 11·---~-~.f.l~nt_a.nd_fcicihtles and-_s1m1lar.~ct1v1t1es; or .

i . 2. · Submitµpg the list of employees duriag'the prE:~fLJ?

.. . . .
election conference should the Me{-l\rbit"eract,..:r-'i,~
.: f ··· or th8. · ff1
fti)~ (, "BOR C-ODE Aft
pe
ion t,,.r\&75 )-·~'<;'·~
5.·. _Qveij1m.fij·~OyGo_t_t
· · .. /I t
(2 JJ.Zl)CENA,supraat 573) ...
J:,.
,,\ Labor d1sp.U( e,includes any controversy or matter
., . ·
· . J,:' conce~i-~ t~fm\orcor:i.di"tiori~cif employm~nt.or. t~,e .
· · · ·. · · ..

-·
y. on
1;
F - · · · . . . . . · _;~,.:r- \I -..:..~·. ,;-~ t/ .
assoc,at,pn ~or. \repres~n.tat1(:m of p~rsons ·.in .·
[ . . it : th . . . I · ·· · b. I' v · (fh',:,._i.1·th,:;:;:;~ . . . ·
e emp oyer e ie e5; . . $It ~'1iJl.ill,on •,",\as
" .... ·. "'
f:yr~
negotia~\>ns~" fixir.t-g·,. rtiaint~iliing; changing. or- .
-1 ·arraftg·l'n':f'ffie-tril'is"a d con:.:..·t· f . I t
,,,;~·.\!:. ·'' ~.-x•• 1· n ul ,on:- 0 ·emf). oym~~ •

I
' inappropriate me"mbership b 1::allse it ir:1&ut1es r -.)!,.. '.1 ' •
i. d-fl _- ·.th. ·. . ii e ,.. ._ '.. ""~i"li'"'· ~ti r . · ,,)': r~ardle~s~Lw&etneror not the disputants stand m
'· .. '<:In_ I e WI. man<)ge~,~ SUPf:rYISO{Y,r'?'.1)'" qy~es,
_,,; · E:lllP,loyer.'s re~o~rse I~ _not to 0PP.<?.st tl'ie P'f~
,r .
'"'f ·tl:ie pro).<1mate relati9n of..employers and emplqyees
b_ut,.~o .. f;~..,;..(.qg,ld.City·lnt~grate~ Po(f Service, · Inc: v. NLRC,
i'f·. , f1te .- -~- .~ep_ara~e. ,Petit1ori to cancel;}~o/;..:.!il~1ons _j;:, 1,:.·tJ;Rf":N,q.__1_03560,July6, 1995) ..
l, . r~1s.tration (2 AZU9E(',IA,_supra_-at 50~31;,,:· .. /Y~·::;.,.,··'.'··• .-." .:......=} . ·· · · . · . ,

t. />.RT.ICLE ~-72:.. ~PP~L. FROM

~. · . · ELECTION _ORD~RS . . '.; . . :-:""- . . · .
¢e~i1_~!:g~1~-~ ~r~~=~t~~~s ~~~Fi;~:· ~~f:=~~~·;;::~~\~~r:t:rt~~-
· term~ anct-con_ditions ofth~_ir erriployinent( Gold City
f . · A.~Y p~~Y to, ~n.. el~ctic;m ~ay appeal th~ order or· /,:itegrated. Port: Servicf!!,· lo.c. v. NLRC, G.R. No.
t; . · r~s~lt~ pf_ the e,le~tion -as -determi_ned_ by the ~ed- 1-D3560, Jl.!IY 6, 199p). · . · · · · ·
~' Arbiter.. ··directly to tfie Secretary of ·-Labor and. _. . : · . .. . ·'. _: .. ·.. · .- · · ..,. . ·
i.
:_.
Erilplo~rpent .· 6_n tt;ie .· grci~n_(;l , .that .t~e .. rul~s and
regulat10.ns o.r parts thereof e.stabl1shed,, by .the
.-The_,_L~w.r.:i_ay-~·r.of)ibit Sfri_ke but ~ot .the R_ight.to_
Seif,organizati~n . _ . . .
f Sec'retary."of Labor.~"Fld Emp.loymerJl for'the c6rid_uct -· A ·1aw rnay be: passec:i"prohibl_~irig l>elected sectors of
· of~h.e ~Jection.have.been violated .. Such appe.al shall labo.r from resorting lo ·strikes. ·However; a. 1$.w.
. . b.e c:l~pjd~d -with!r, -15 caLendar days (LABOR CODE; cannot ·be.. pa~sed: prohibiting' selec.te.d.se<,_tors· of ·
Art. ?!i). · · · · ' · · tat;,qr from org~nizing uniciris- (2AZUCENA,·supra at ·
. ..ARTICLE{ 273-2:ti" .. GRIEVANCE ~MACHiNERY. 5f14)... . . . . . . .- ... ~ :·. . . . ·. ·:. - ·.. ·. ; .
P.,ND. .VOLUNTA.R?'°"ARBiT_RATION" .· . locko~t is a term commonly .ui;ed".to e:Xp.ress an
. ,,,.,. . . . . .
. Eimployer's .ac~ of excluding "·fro_m his pl~ot union .
;: · . (Pleas~ see qiscussionqn- Gtievahct;i "M_ac_hineryand , rtJembers hitherto employed· _by him:: The 13ct may
[ · .Vofunta,:y_.-"Arbitration. under _JURISDICTION AND · · .affect alt. or less than .i\11. of tfie. ernp!oyee-l!nioh
f: . . . REMEDIES): . . .· . . · · members .. · Lockout,:ln· the .sense· in·· which it is
r~
l'' \· .. . .
. at
universaJly use"d,Js ari_ "act directed ~h.e union itsel_f
rather than at the individual employer- members of.
. ,. .. the · u.nion (St.~. Mesa Slipways . & : Engineering'
i·· ·. Company,Inc. v. CIR, G.R. No."·L-4521, August 18,
'1952). . '

2019 .SAN SEDA !,AW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS I

'1. • • •
131
 ·-1
LABOR R.ELATIONS
SAN BEOA
. . L:AW CENTRALIZED
. . BAR
' .
OPE:RI\TIONS
. . .
- MEMORY
. AID 2019
.
I .bifi E-WMSW-M¥¢1

Nature of1he iilgh.t to.Strike and Lockout · 4·_ Public thoroughfares should not be impeded
'J:he right to .strike is a constitutional and legal right (/RR of the· LABOR. CODE, Book V, Rule XX/I,
of the workers as the employers have. the inherent Sec.13, ~s emended by_D.O. No. 4_0-'03)...
and statutory right to Iockout, al.I withiffthe context of .. .
labor relations and collective· bargaining· (Guidelines · N"ote:.'Art.~79(~}-of the Labor ·cod~ prohibits any
GoverninqLabor Relations, ·October 19, 1987). . person eJ'!gage~ in picket,ng · from ob~tructing the
. free ingress to and ·egress from the employer's
A Lockout is de.emed lawful.when: (TUW) . . . ·· premises : (Jackbilt -tndustries, tnc: v. · Jackpilt
1. . In anticipation of a !hreat~ned),trike; ·· . . . ·: · · ·· ! Employees Worker$·Un_ion-NAFLU~KMU,G.R. Nos.
2. In response to 31'! Qflprote.ctedstrike or walkout: . 171618-19, Ma;ch 20, ·2009).
or : · · · · · · · .- ·. · ·. ·· · ·· ·
. 3. In response to a whipsaw 'strike (2-AZUCENA, . The picketing of .a private home in a .residen1i~I
SUPT? at _579f.· .. ,.. :· . . ·. . . . ': . . . district is."g.i:m.erally"held. improper,'0\l~n .when the
~ · . picketers .are domestic servants. This is. on· the·.
A LockoutIs deemed unlawfui w"hen: (D_AB)" · .. gro4nds \ha("a-. homeJs not ah' industrial or -a
· 1: It is to .Qiscourage and dissipate mernbershlpin buslness:enterprise, that it . is· not·. acquired _or
. - a labor organization or otherwise kill the union; . . maintained for pecuniary gain'··ar profit, 'but rather,
2. .lt is to ~id a particular · union by preventing · · that ft is .a~ .fristitution.. used ahd maintained 1:1~ .. a
r't -~ J
further organizational work .of its riyal, or_ tQ;.=--.:....;e.t~ceot abode, and.thatan enterprise r11:>t conducted
coerce the employees to Join the. faVor~,d:camim;·y' .-:as"gi~~ of livelihood, or for profit, ·does not come
?r when . . . : . .. ·.. . .' :/p·.. .J~ltliinJ,'thJ~o!d)nary. meaning . of .such . terms· a~
t:
3. It is to avoid ~a.rgaini~g (Id.). .·.p- ~~ · !.,~J:ll!si{est)r'acj(,or, 'industry' (2 :A~U.CENA.!. s_upra

. . ~tril(~ v: Lo~kgt<'c -~~~r,--_;:~~~~~i:~,.·

· · . .·. . . v • ' .' < ·: : .
IWJM~~-~iiii· · · 11. "" ·· ~ • "if" · ~Jri~r~a~e~i:,r;~ ~ny person who_ ··obstructs.
• J.~ ,Jfhp~des4~~ .!!'ll~f'f.e.~s.t~Yforc:e;. Vio!ence'.. COE:fCion,.
0
.. • • , ~ •

· • ·.- . .· · -1 . . . a. •· . · threats or.1nt1nild~i): \1th any peaceful picketing by

.They.l;i<?t~ involve te.mp~r"'.~~9Y'.-ag~of..w.o:~-· · :· .eJ!:_P~~Js'.durf~~~~Jl:j~labor ?.ontro~~rs_y·affecting
1hey both arise out .of a'il rh(!1:1slpal and\abor~ :CJJfil.:~~9.es,qour or ~o.n~1~1ptl\~of worK or. 1n the exe~c1se.
~ ... .
.
··
· · · .
dispote · ~.d '. ·:. .. , ·;.
1: - •· \..:. .\ ti. .,: ·:
Done l::>y .th~ emRloyees_ D.one'_, #le· tc.R:!&.tere . .-.: .
'(Sta."Mesa Slipways & Engiq. ,;· 9{pom .11.. -, r
j.
,, c!_ ~fd ~~ J;right t?l<"self prgani~ation .or . colle.ctive
b"'rga!l)l~BOR.CO E, Art. 219(r)),
t--Y..
:,;,1.. ~./
·.. ..kS:@~~.i'refe~~
v.. CIR, G.R. No. L-4521, A~g~st ..1fJ,. '\952)~t..P~\.._m,~ .·. ~e.p,~~f~!:1Js ,or oJ.ces, ir:,cfuding :.tJ)e sit~s or
J i~"i! . : ··: .- : · · . ' · ·. .
ta-{~e e~t~bU~_hment, ~arehouse;
·

. · . ,· - ·. . .'. · \. \~ ... ~..:'.' ' ,~/pf~iti)~s'~ed as '),mawayshqp~ ·of ·.the errfP,loy~~

Boycott 1s an atte':1pt: by_ar?.us1.~g~af~<;i~f_lo~~!°'~fU<;R.,~g{;{inst,.~-*~~(1 a~ t~e · in:i.media.~~ vicinity
coerce· othe,:s; against their will to."«Jthh~~froin:Oll'e~~.J,ac~,slllS,: us'@AP~;~icl<etmgstnk~rs in moving to,and
. ·d:n_?mina_ted "unfrien_dfy to lcj6?r''~Q~it ~~f~~l~--'-~ft~~~~~fo_'J!~int~ of ~ntra~1;e to..anq e~!t front ?ai~
~u_smessmter~ou~se -(2·.AZUCE:'A: s_upr;,ilf!i1·81):... M·f.fl~~)Jst-1.· ~nt (LABOR 90~E,-~rt. ¥19(~>;- _: . .·
.. -· . ~-.·· .. '.;·- ... ·. · .. ·. ··.
Slo:wdQWn .is a 1"!1ethod ~Y Wl:lich- .one_'s,,_ei:nployee_, . ar:so: inclt:1.d_es ·the·· area· ,mme~iate!y b!3fore the
., . without see.king·.a complete stbpp·age of work,"-re.tatd._:-. '·points. of. er.1trancearjd exit of astabi"i~hmenf"s~rucK
·. prodµc~~m .an!:1 .distribution i.r:i·:an. effort to _cor'!'i"pel.. : . ·.~ga.in.st.-t1ciwever,·tfle·ii;ig~e~s tq a·nd eg"ies.s(r.om fhe
· compliance by the· en:iplciyer with the labor ."tjeman.~s . .·· ,estaol1shmei1,1f strlic.l<· against.are·pot part of the stiik·e
m~de :up'ori hir:n.. (2 AZUGENA.,sup,ra.~f'fi.BBJ:.. : . . : · j;lreci·aild )'fi~y not 'be blcic)<e!;l .nor""pict<eted .(NCMJ3
: ·· ·· ·· ... · · : Pri'mer_:orfStrfke, .Picketing· and Lock.out, p. ~4}. ..
:PicJ:<etlng· is _'an act of.·mwching.to _and ffo.,the .:. · · ·· ' :: . ·.·. · ·
- , ... employer's "pi:errlises,. usually .accomparifod .by th~ · .. 'Fo~m~ ~f St'rike,;;:(LiE~tiP.s~swis.s~Q~it-G2LoR)
display.Qt placardifand,.otl:lef signs. makirig."known . ··.1"., .!,egal Stn_ke ~·one·called:fqr a Valid J?Urpose
. ··.: -tl)e facts' involved in a "labor dispute. This is":ari' · . . '-:_ and qmd_ucte'd.t_tiroug}1.~eans allowe~ ,by la~ .. ·
·. · ex.ercise.of.one'.s.freedo"m ot'speec:li. (2 AZUCENA; - , ·2 ... !11~!).al. Stfike ~ one st~ged_for .a.-pur'pose not
· supra at 675). · -.. · - a
··- re·cognized by. l~w. or ·if for. ·valid. purpos·e·,
.· .. ·· condµcted.thr61,Jgh IT!ElaAS nof ~ii.!nCti~ned ·by law
.Re~·µi~i*.!).~.f~r Lawful P:ickeji~g;
1. · 1rshoulc;I be peacefully carried out; · . ·
. , on
(N,CMB.P.rirrJe.r
p. 3).. : . . .
Stnke~ 'RiqkeW>g and l,ockqut,
. .. ··: ._·, :. .· . . .
... 2. · . TherE:r:5hould ,be rio a~t of.v.iolerice, coercion,.or 3. .5conomic. Strike -=- one _st~ged · by wor~ers to
·. ·. intlmidatjon attendant.thereto; .. force·wage or other ·econorn"ic concessions from.
·3 .. Th~.'.lngress .or··egress. fro(Ti the .C(?rnpany the. employer whi~h he:is not requ.lrecfby l!3W to.
premis.e~ should, not be obstructed; snd ·. gra.ht {Cons_o/idafedL~bor"Ass.oc. of-the PHL v..·
. . . . . ·. . '. . ..

. \32 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 ~..:_:_· ,,,
RELAii:O~N~S-
~~: &.ij&f

l~A:B()R
SAfl 8,EDA tA_WCENTRALIZEDBAR. QPERATION5_- MEM~RYAl? 2019
rti?1f¥1Fl!M±HEfi di 86418 !Mil . . ,ii':h-lMW a a,e4e MIIEU PS ii FMC umc'; S·Aidill.Ll
Marsrilan and Co., lnc., G.R. No. L"'-17038, July A" "Welga ng bayan" is illegal because iJ..is -a
31, 1964). . · . . political strike arid "therefore there is nelfher a.
4. Y.L.:.P Strike ., one called to protest _against the. bargaining deadlock nor any ULP. It is a political·
employer's acts of ULP enumerated in Art. 258 .."rally·{2 AZU(lENA,.supra. et 583-584). ·
inc"ruding gross violation of the C_BA arid union
. busting: . . . ,._ · · 13. §.~od Faith Strike~ a·str-ik~ justi~ie9 by belief in
·S. .£.rimary· Strike is a strike. conducted 'by.the · · . · gobd faith .that the employer was ·comfl.lltting
· workers against their employers ", ir.ivplving· a: unfair labor practice at the time the strikers· went ·
labor dlspute directly. affecti,:ig them. It is- /ega/. on strike. Goo'd faith saves· the strike frombeinq
because therels a.labor dispute involved. declared, illegal and the strikers from being
6. . §econdary Sfrik.es ·a}e workstoppages . . , of· declared to have. lost their employment-status (2 .::
. workers· qf onecompany to. 'exert pressure on, . AZIJG~NJ\ supra at 918). . ·. , . _
"thetr ernployer.so.that'the latter will ln tum bring 14. General .' Strike - extends ove.r·. a whole .
. pre·ssure upon the . employer· .. of . another community, province, state ,Or ceuntry, . . · :.. ' ...
company with whom: another unlon .has a iabor . 15. Local Str:ike - is one undertaken byworkers in ·
.. dispute. · · · - · a particular enterprlse, locality; oroccupatlon: it
usually involves only one unlon or 'or1ly·.on~·.
It is iilegai. because-there 'is no
labor dispute ·. indu_stty (2~AZUCENA,supra-at$80J.· ..
··involved.A strike-can validly takeplace only in 16. fiecognitronal_Sfrike - a strike to compel the
the presen9_~.of".and inrelation to a labor dispute_,/~) .. · . ER to reco.gnize one's union "(2' AZUCENA;
be\ween·~~~!9~er:a11d employ~?· . · .:· /'?~.'.J<:'l.· .,
st.ipr~·at 623)~. ·; .. . · ·
7: _§it~Down ·stri~e - characterlzed by"·a temp{.r.:1i{)
work::stoppage of Yfor~ers who thereupon s~~e;', ~:'.;_J.,.
-~.~y Economic Strike .v. ULP.·strike

or. oqcupy pr:operfy-of._ttie·employer.or· reJt1fe·t.9,,v) ;:;' ·

yacate the_ pre~ises of the . ."emp!OY~f?:''< ;.-' r1 .

. . It is il;~al beca,use. 1t ~mounts .to)~£9i1~in,:1I.a&_:::~~ .. A volu~~a9,f s')ri)se . . An i'rwoluntary ~tri~e; · ..

. beca~~e_ · . tne. : el'J'.]pk5yees , tr_~~.P-a~s,;i.-on~.the 14- b7c.ause/fhetenif?toyee.'· the .labor _<:>rgan,zatiorr 1~ .
premises ot·th.e._empioyer.J~A.ZUC~~AVSUP[."!_.,, H· · wit~ declHre ~.stnl<e to· forced to Q_O or:1-strike ·
. at 580-584).
. -
-'· · ;(·'~-0. ·· -~~' : · : .. -.,.
. . ·..: \',:it•
"'.P.' =::f?')i"f\
r-'1 - c9mp~lfman~ge~entt9 because of.the ULP
.. \.':,-.....~ . . pl . grafi'.fiil's,'c!er;r.fanas;~ . committ~d agaiiii:;t then)
t -~J- • 'l ,,,•~ - • ''...J•'•" .~ ,~tli'f:· / •I,

--8. Wiidcat. Strike·- one· de~!areg:::;:~~~f.-stag'e,4 · ii,~ ·

~ ' t

-...f~il.:..:.--:-:" · bythe-employei'."Jt i~ an
.Without filing :_the r~quired . n~~...,_.w··~V;i.kE::ag;ct :· I ir '. . . . . act of self-defense since
witM1.,1t..the majqrity.apprpvar of-'..t~~ recdgniz~d t~'-+ . ' .. _the employees'are- ,
·bargainil'lg. agent fN.fMB fiiriie:~·:-9.fi:JStrike,.-):'};;,1 ·-~-J,,-,,""'.""i-,---··· . · . _being P,Ushe:d .tci- the Wa.11
. .Pickgtingand.Lockqut,-p. 4) .. · <.r . /t,;_.:....:·.':_....._.. ·....,,:µ.J.J~,:.)· .and tlieir only·rem.edy is.
· 9. Sympathetic.· Strikes . ..:. work ~toppa§'.~&/ of .. · · .· . , · t6-stage a strik,e:·. . ·:.
. ·'.· workers : of on~· company '.lo.. mak'~~~f11n.ibn . .. .
· .. qau~. with··other. strikets of other~companies,
. ·. wi(houf -dema_iids· or grievances'. of "thefr own Ttle· . . . 'collective Either: : .. . ..
.. ·against the e·fl.lployei-. .·. · . ·.. -· ba·rgainirig agent of th~ 1: c;:qlle.ctiye ..bargaining
. . . ,·· . . . -
'lt::is.. ;;legal ~ec;"use there is . no· ·labor dis'ptif~·.
~ppr9priate · bargaining agent; or. .
·unit. · · ··
'• . · ·· .
2. _The le.9i_timc;1te· · rab_or
· .between the wo"r.kerswho are joir:iir.ig··lhe strikers· organization .rn behalf .of
arid the latter's employer"(2-A?UCENA, supr:;rnt its 1110!11._bers. .
58~).:' . ·. ·. . ·. ' ·' . .

10. §10..wdown. strik·e _:. ~ne: staged ·V!ithou·t" the 30.days from the ffling of. 1"_5"days from the flri~g o~ :
workers quittJng thei_r· . work but . merely the_.· notice· ~f strike tb~ ;notice_ .. of . slrike_.
s- slackenlr:t~i"· or· by·· reducing their ··norm'al war~
s.
~. ·output.- - , . . . . .
.be.tore the· inten~ed date subject: . to- the · 7-day
'of. actual ·strike, subject strike ban.
11 .. Q_ulckie ~.trikes or._P._artial_Str/ke -..brief ar:,d _t.o thef.day strike.ban,
. unanho1,11:,c:ed.· ternp·orary · ·.work stoppage;
iricludiFlg slowdowns;_ unauthorized extension of
res{ periods; :anq walkouts for portions- pf a shift No: exc~ption, _CCJ.olin!i(-9ff. P.~riod ··may
.· or.for entire·shifts (2 AZUCENA, supra at 580). "mandatory .. · be dispensed with; and
14. ~~u_se Oriented'.Strikes -·to.make a stand on the . uriion :: may take..
certain national. issues: Immediate a.ction in'qase

I
.
.. 2019 SAN B!=DA LAy.t CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIQNS 133 ·
.·
 . LABOR .RE.LA.TION·S
SAN BEDA LAW CENTflALIZf.D.BAR OP~RATIONS r- MEM~RY Al(! 20i~ · ,.
~li'.AAA4MIMP Ai Wit & lM&itSIPH#WAII a;autMRw+HMi

of dismissal . from . 3.. [nter-unlon or i.ntra-~n.ion dis·p·utes (2 AZ.UCENA;

employment . of tlieir . supra at ~12); . . : . .. · . · . ..
· 4. Physical 'rearranqerrrent of the office (Reliance
.. officers. d.uly -elected in Surety.& Insurance Co., tne .. v, NLRC, G.R. Nos.
accordance with · tt,e .
. ,:union's constitution and 86917-18; January 25, 1991); ...
' .. by-laws, . which may . 5: Cases pendirJg. at the D_OLE Reglona.l Offices.
-constitute, union. busting SL.R, N!-RC or its regional qran.che~. Office of
where· the existence of the POLE· Secretary,. Volu.ntary Arbitrators,
·
th~ union i~ threatened, ·.. . Compulsory Arbitration, Court Appeals, and· of
•• 'i\>4 . Supreme Court; · . · · .
• . ·.-· 6. · E?<ecution .and enforcement : of: fioal orders,
. be · ·. deC.iSions. f0SOIUti01'.1S ·or ·awards in the cases
N~t.en.titled·to said pay Said.. pay. -rnay "' . mentionad.m number 5. (2-AZUCE/IJA, supra at
·i>h·ased .~n.. ttie.,yrinciple ,~~ardfd
t at "a air da.1 s wage iscre ion
_inf
·0 ·. · .
1. !~: .7.
612}; . . . · .. , .
Viplations of CBA which ··i;ir.e-· not. gross in
":; . -. . · .

.. accrues: oniy .·.fqr. a fair auth~iity -decidlnq the . characte/ shalt be. resolved 'via i!ie' Grievance
.d~y·~.. latiqr) . · c~se. Miichin.ery(Lf\BOR eooe. Art. 27il);"
(LABOR CODE, Art. 278): ·· .8'.. Co.mpar:iy's Sales 5vaJuation Policy · (GTE
r : • • ••• • •••• : •••••• , •• •• : ~...1-,,,_=-:-=c=s~-Directorie.'s Cotp. v._:Hon: sencnez, 'G.R.· No .

. Grouhds for Strikes/Lockout~: ,:,:'-"-.:-:-.--· "iuf - °i\ --;-r6-.4j9', May 27, ,1991); and ....
1 · JS. collectlve b<?rgainiri_g.deadlock; ot,,/ · ~~ · l1\J~jJYiistJ..e.'covered by.a n~H~tril~ecommitm ent in
. 2. . 'An unfair labor practice act of· tl).e:ce~oje!l>~~"-- ~ duJy ~~cuted ~BA (2 AZUCEN.A, supra at
· · e~ploy~~_(LABOR CODE, A1f.-2l8)\/,r--~ · · .---:."&1--?l:k(A~ · . · . . .' · .·
£.r ~..-,,.~ ~ ·~~, "-\. · · . · , .. ·
•. , . . · · . A• '.,{..}'- ~
Cha.racttfrlstlpspf,Strik.es:· (E~99~·0S)"' ;, ·,.,,,) t
~~~~~cl,at~l~.tr1k_e··or.Lockout;·-
1. The(e·ip.1.1si:i?.e.a~ establi~~e'f:l_'t;{t~:relf~ion~h~.. ~~ 4~ ·Any\ c.ertldE(d,_ ?r\~d.uly·· fe'C(?gnlzed.. bargaining
..

· · b!=liween, the. str_,kers .an~ the :Pgrson/~ ag~1nst · ,lf_,y·\ . repr~sentat1v~~ i1 · ·

Whom.the,strike is caJle9,r.P-;:;,,.tf·' : r-T~Jflf-Z:-Einpo}'er_.\~ \, .. . · . .
i
2. .Tfi~ ·exist~nce of a .QisP,'µte~'6-~t· ~en tq~ P8r]fe'S·/4 Ii c::'1.Jit,(.· J · . . i: · 1· · · '. · , :
\13~0
.
arid' .the··:Ulilization .~y
·cah~rt~d tef!ls:al }°: rer.~ :
· persuading. or coerc1n9. _90~8han~:!t'~l)1
work.ing·.·meri's demands\ t..,,f·)·_\:
i~
3 .. ·i:he yo.ritE'.mtiori·aavance1_.by .. th'~,"":>
~r: 7 . r i
~--~i.~n,~; ~ . ~-:.:;

~q~:-· :! -~·
.
'the ~~apon@~~);tounds:..Bargi·rnng) adlock and l)t~ · · ·.
_;_/Jfl?.5).. . .
k~~r:9~(m.ifter:i1e~en~'at)"ve,
-~~J~~ .
! : . ·. ~,.
:- .
ffi~ja:t>~nce o'f:--"<!ffY'1Certffiec;for-duly recognized.
. .:
then.·.any, legitimate Jab9r.
~ff.;@Zp.fi~n}t1·1thE3··!1stablis~ment. m~y ·declare a
· . although the work ..~eas~, ··.the \emp.·
. · rel~ti~~ ·.is deen,ed· to ·_conti.~e·al~t~.Ln~ s~~iE.l,
~!~. . . Yrv~.BJ=.,
V~~i~~(Jt oW,y o.o gr9flndsof ULP..(IRRytthe.LABOR
.,.f}d(J/<v,· f!!le XX!!, Sec. .6, as. am.ended by
~t~elh~er~nt susp~ris1on; . · ,.. . · 7 ~';:~~t?.o;_.µo. 4fb-$)Jf' · . ·. · ,
4. · ,Th~re · 1s ~ork stoppijge, wh1 · s,t~?QE:'le.>1s-~~ -.r1.i.'\,.)-·,/ · .· · .. . , · :. . . .
. . t~,:nporary;. ·. ·. . · .' ..• ·. · ··•.> .. U.1 .·. ~·
if: ·'N~f:e~A--fuj~r.ity·union .caF1noUawf~IIY.u~~.e~ake a
5. T~e. wcirk s~oppage.. 1s . done .. tbro 9!.l.,,Jh~· l\rl~dga!n~tthe· E:ri'lp!9yer;·. no labor. dispute· c~n
. , Concerted. a9t1on .of the, empl,oyees; ·and. · ~..,.,.~ex.1st- between a 'minority union an.d an employe.r.
. "6.'- .Ttie: :·§tl:iking. ';grou·p :·. j_s--.. a. legitimate ·1ab_or · However: ·i.f may. en·g~9.e· Jn .p~ac~f\JI eoncer.ted
-.organization, ·· and · ·.jn· ·. ci;ise.. of:· .bc:1rg~i.ning · c1ctivities.. short. of strike. or. filer a·..wti;>,: c;arnplaint.. If
· c;leadlpc~; · is . the. employe~_~.. ·sole : ·barg·ai.nii:lg . (.JLP, fs:committed l'lgainst the. tn.inority union, it. is· still
rej:>resenta~ive'{2 ~ZUCENA, supra at 5!4-57p).. . -the. SEBA Which car,i-. d~cJare a ·$trike'.(2 AZUCfNA,.
· · · · . · · s.u_pi-~ af 624). ·· · ·· . . · .. ·· ·· · · · · ·
. Protection,ot:strike ,. · ·.. ·· .
:1 .. ··1i'is ge'n'.etallynpf subfec:t"to labor injunction or . · Pri:>cech~~~~:R~~~i~·ites::(GF-S..A,RC~7) · · · .·
., 'res.tralnJi:ig'_order; ' .. . . . . : . · . · .L -A stfikeLinust be based cin a ,valid .and .factual
· ·· 2.: ·. Employees niay not he .~iscril'nin~ted agajnst : . · Ground; a 'strike. or locl<ou( must.be based' on
. . merely because they haye. exercised the F-ight't.o · either(··: . ·· : ·· , : ·: · :", .. "<. ·•
. . s'trike; . . . ..... '... . : ' . . . : . . . : .. . . :. · .. a. · Collectiv~ eargaining D~·c:;11ock (econprriic);
·. 3. The. use of s,riKe;br:ea~ers·1~ prohibif~d; ., · ; or·· · '· · · · - · .
· 4:... Mer~. p_artlclpation'. ip a strike. does. not s.e~~r _the· ·. b'., L!nfai.r .l;a.bor Practice (politica~) .. : ·
· , employment.relatior,s.hip;: emf)loym<rnt is merely.. · .
suspe~ded ·(2 AZUCE;NA, supr.a at:_587). Note: ·The, di~P.~te must . be ~~t
s'utiject. of an- th·~
assumption~of juriscticti.or:i ~Y the Pre.sident' or: the·
No~-Sfrlkeable ls~ues: .(SWIP-_DEVES). Secretary of Labor, a certifi.cation fpr conip.1Jl.sory or
1: Violation of l:.abor ~tandard~ Law;- - . volunta·ryarbitration riqr.a subject of a.pending ca.se
·2. · ~nyisslie involving Wage di~to.ftio.n; involving. the l>aine·gr-0unds for the)
. . strike 'oriockout.
. .

. .
134 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED. BAR OPERATIONS
 ¥99-,S MA i sa+i?t&llf MP "' M.%~:::::U:
......!~...~ .• , ..

LABClR.·R.ELATIO't~S · . .
SAN BEDA LAW CENTR_AL/Z~DBAR OPEBATl(!N_S- fliEMORY AID 2019 . .
. .·~,1~#?·.
·ti,.~1._..,. ',.
iiiWAMAiASi#iF P Mi EH . ?#c& k H WtE!Wf WCFM W4A>Wjii-Mi¥i~~~~~
....:.

A notice of strike or lockout must be Fiied. with taken where a majorlty' vote of the members of
NCMB-DOLE: . . . . . .- the · Board . of Directors of a corporation or
a. At least ·30 days from the intended date .as_sociation or partners. in 'a partnership, must
.thereof, if- the issues involved arose from a approve it, 'obtained by secret ballot in a meetinq
c.olf~ctive bargaining dea.dlock; or · . duly. _called for the purpose;
b. · At least 1.5 days from the lntebded date, if
the 'lssues raised are in the -nature of unfair Purpose: To ensure that· the decision to strike·
~~ · tabor. practices. .. · broadly rests with the majority ·of the Union
\~;~· - members irr" general . and riot : with mere a
;, . N~te:· In cases of dismissal' from. employment of .rniriority, at. the -same time, discourage wildcat
.'; union' officers- duly elected in accordance with the. strikes, union .busting and even. corruption.
union ccinstitoti~n and by-laws, which mify constitute
u'nion·busting where· the existence of the -union is 6, · A strlke · or _lock<':fut vote -Report· sho~i~ be
threatened, -the. 15~day cooling~o.ff pejlod 'shall. riot . "subrnltted to .the NCMl,:3-DOL.E at least seven (7)
apply· and the'. u,:iior11 may take. action inim~diately : . ·. ·. days before' the intended date· of: strike· or
after' the strike 'vote is conducted, the-result thereof lockout; subject to the coolingjoffperiod.
submitted .to=the DO.LE (NCMB Primer 'on .. Strikf#, . . . . . . .
Picketing· and Locko-ut,"p~ 5-6). · . Purpose: To. ensure (hat a -strike vote was .
· · · · · · Indeed t?1k~ri and in the ev.ent 'that the report iS.
f -. Where'to ·tile the.notlce _of-~tr_ike or: loc_koL;t: . ,.,·<} false, -to afford themembers an· opportunity to
Jr. 1. ~J~·!h~ Regional Hr:anch "of the ·NC~B h_av)r/Jf,'::cl': : · 'take the appropriate remedy-before it is t90 late.:
ic. . jurisdiction over· the . workplace of the UJ?IP')'.I, ;,;:i, . . . . .
a. 'members: or · · . : . · . l,;./(~_.. .'..;,;:'i Note:·ln the event the result of the strike/lockout
;: 2. · Where two _or 'more ~eg_ion?I branches iij}v.<;h:.. ;),~~allot i~J.iled. withi~ the coollnq-off period, .the .
..,, . · ·. jurlsdiction. over-the-workpfac.e, 'the· Brari,c~fh~t,•_"(f~i~--~.t_~ev~n,J7,):pay requirement shall _be counted from
. .shal,1.have first received the notice "shaJr.acquire\ry n .tff~·dayJollowingt~e expiration of the cooling-off.
• junsdictio,:i 'ove(ttie dispute to th_e.,J(clusion 9f\~q . : period.j).'i~ffed, tn·~·s'even. (7)_ days ?re added
. ·. the <_:>t~er{s}; . · . . ?.:> ~(- .. -. ),-·!\ :to the J~~a;y or 30-day cooling off period, as the.
3. _ay wntr~n agr~emer1t.~f ~th pa_!:!i~lth~nu_e . r).!, · case;9.u1.Ube}, · . ,. . . . _,>:- ••
of the dispute shall. b_e,det;lr.r.i~~wap/~d('{l\lCMB. · i:t'\ · .' · t'··, .f; t .· · . · .
Manual of Procedures(f&;Coot:ilif).tioiJ ancft.,. !·'~ . 1:··, Exc!ptil"\~c~se~ of union busting, the _g_ooling·off
_ · Prev.e_r.,tive.Me'difJ_tion Casf{1l/'R_dltrif.}fJ3pc. t.,)fb ... "r:~ · P<i...1~.r-JffH,a
4.. A not11:;~ mus~ be served to-:1,~· Np~_B_,:l,:}OLE!:~J < r1,1 · .obseP1.e'.°~t1d · ·.
by law. shOl,ild be fully ·
·.. ,. -
least" 24. hours prior-,'to· the ,a.Ki~g;-0f<~tril<~ or · ·!• d .8. The seven· (Z} day waiting period· or strike ban:.
lockout :Vote _by secret ballotinl!/1,if)fomtj~g_ said i>,(,.....-,.,.,...,a.fter.submission of strike or lockout vote to the .
office qf tl)e decision 'to conduct,a~lsttike, or ._J;i•".~_.:.·NlN6fy1§-DOLE· should -be fully qbserved in ALL ·
lock~~t ve>te, . and the d~fe, pl~i,, and,,f.t~ ·.:..&t~·-_.,_"!tc'~~e\°fln?luqi~gunion busting (NCMf3Primer, on
thereof (/RR of/he LABOR CODE,~f!J,ookJj'fi!.V.Je -.: . · Stnke,_ P1c1;<etmg, ~md Lqckout);
· )Q(_/1,·_Sec... 1Q,. as amended_ by,D._O_:'~~03)_; ·
. -~. :SP( FACTORS .AFFEGTING · LEGALITY. Qi= .
Pu{ pQses . . .. . . ·. . ·STR~!{E;$::(SPP-MIA).
· :. ·a .. · To. inform :.Jie· NCMB :of'the· inier.it of:the·· .·. 1.: §tattJtory. prohi!)ition; ;_. . _
. . union to conduct a strik~ \(Ole; . . . 2.. Strict corr:ipliance with.1:~rocedu~! ·~equi.rements
b, · ··Tb give t'he NCMB ainple time t9.decid~ on · ·: of the Law·; · . ··
,,...., whether cir not:.there·ls a·"rreep to-.s1,1peivi$.e 3.'. ~UIJ)Ose·.mu·s.tbe.ULP.or_Economic;

~· '
f·
' the condu6t ofthei stril<e.v.oti'ai°fo pre.vent any
· act of vfolence. or fr~erfurarities·;attendant
thereto; and ·' . . .· ·, . . ."
c. · Should the NCMB decide, mott.i pri:iprio-or·..
· ·
4 •.'. Lawful Means and methods;
5. · !njunctlon;· arid · . · .
.
.
6.. · 8green'leht of the partie.s (2 (\Z(JCENA;,~up(a.at
. _591). . . . · . . . .
.

. · ·· .

I
1 : UPQfl the . reQUest of an.Y' interested·. Party . ~. : . .
!_. J°ricluding 1he employer; to .siipt:1rvis1r the FIRS! FACTO·R.:)>TATUT9RYP~Ol:llBITlON .
·. strike v0te·, to give·it ~rtlpl~:tfme to prepare Employe~s· in ;the·P.ublic service· ~ay nof~ng~ge in·
'.
for ~he deployment·.· .. of · ther req1Jisite. slrJkes.. While. the Constitution ·re0>gnizes th'e right-qf
(· personnel, fncluaing. peace qfficers. (2 governm~nt · emplpye·es ;to organize, they are

r AZUCENA, supra a(5~8): ··..

~- . 5. A .s;r.ik~ v~t~·.-m·ust be ·tak-~.n wh~r~ ~ -~~j~rlty
P·
·· .. , . . · prohibited from staging· strikes, . demonstrations,
. mass · leaves, walk.-outs arid other forms o( mass
actio_n 'which will . r~suft in· temporary stopp~g~ or .
l~ ··. vpte· of the··members 6fthe·uhio'ri-must-·~pprove disrupt_ion: of public ·services (Bangalisanv. CA, G.R.
i't, ·obtail')ed ~y s.ecret b~llot,'in a· meeting duly ·No. 124678; Ju/y'3J, 19°97).· ... , . · . ·
calle'd for the:~ur.pos.e;·or l;I iockout vote must be
r-
~·-f(:
t.·.
i ,.
.
2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I 135
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• 11s+ a ··,a

.LA.BOR,RELATIO·NS .
. 'SAN IJ.EDA LAW CENTRAi.tZE:DBAR OPERATIONS- ME(>10RY AID 201$)

Remedy.of. Government.Employees: imprimatuiof·themajority of the union members

Refer. the · dispute to the . Public Sector Labor- ir- addition to ttie cooling-off pe'riod before·actual
Manaqernent Council (PSLMC) (E.0,.' 180, $ec: 16). strike (2 AZUCENA, ·supra at 598). ·
. . ~ . . . . .
SECOND FACTOR·: STRICT·COMP.LIANCE.WJTH THIRD FACTOR, PURPdSE; ULP/EC.O.NOMIC
PROCEDURAL:. REQUIREMENTSOF THE' LAW Purpose.Test .. ·
1. NQtice' Qf: strike·- must.oefiledwlth the DOLE, The strike must be due to ~!lher due to.a bargaining
.'specific~IIY. the' reglonal · branch oqhi·NCMB, deadlock; and/.or ·an unf.afr. labor practlc.e,. (2
copy furnished the employer. or .the unions; as AZUCENA, supra at 61?J. . .· . . . · _ :. ·
.. · 'tl)e case !)1aybe (2 AZUC~NA, sup,:a at.595).· ·
1
• · • ~: • : • • .. • • • • .. ConVersion Doctrlne . ·". :. . .. · ..
N_ofe: · ,:rhe ·. f.a_ilure· of the ·yn_ion t?. s.erve the Involves the conversion of a strike from an economic
· · companya copy bf the notice of.strike IS a clear . to a tJLP and vice.versa. A strike orlockout may start
vlolatloh o.f. iRR ·of f/1.e Lebor Code, Book V, Ru/a· as - an . economlc. s'trif<e. · or. lockout but later .::a~.
XX/I; Sec:.3·~.the'constitli'tlonal.precepts of due · because of the actuation of.the-parties, tJ,e same
.Process mandate ·th~i th~ other- party b_e. notified may- be converted to lJLP strike or 'lockout, or vice
.of_~~ :,-ad~~r~e action ·...of the· opposing party versa. Under this situation, the conversion doctrlne '.
, · (Fif1P._tnO Pipe and.Foundry Corp, :V': .NL.R.C; G.R. . shall apply-in. whjc~ casethe requirements f~r. the
_ No. 1151BO,·Nov~mber.J6, 1999}.. . __ ,,.=.,,=--=--==C.O..J]Verted strike/lqckout'(to economic.frorn ULP, or
2, qo.olin.g~off Perj~d ·befor~· the intendya-~~t;~f1f_ .1.
~f~'IJ:e~,';'.. as· the. .case may :b~). shalt be observed ·.·
actual 5.trike. .su5Ject to the· 7-day ,;lfrike,,l;>ap~)>. \t._.1 .
,l~9ns;p1I~af~d _Labor
1 Associetton._of the PJ;fl., v'.
a.. _Bargainl!:)g de~dfocl<"":""30 ~ays~(·) s:~~
t, ...~~(!f!!af.,"!9'c!';<-f>_·.lnc., G.R. Nos. L_ 17038, :July 3.1,
b. Ul.P-:- .15 days ·. · . ./ <--r \~· _
-~·96'4f.,~ ,,~'),.\ ~i" , . -. . :. - · ·
c. · ~t~>~s:g;,~~.
· ,
9~~dc:liii~?~Pl)1,~Wta~!!:J~
ti ,.. At. if'
immediately .· after ,.yc,:ie s,toke pvote ls ... ~
i~ . :~~ ~~~p~\: .
·. '~..i IT',,. ·
· •, Jfl}. ..METHODS ''f,\ \I
LAWF_UL 'MEANS·<. .AND
·
: · .. · , · · ·
conducted'. and re~J1Jts fy,iS.mittel;l.:..Jo._ttre.,.L}.~"t- 6 !f ~
M!~':1~__;,mplo>:·f~y JS! . · : · . . . . ; .
. . appropriate regiona[fbran"cl;iiofthe.tCM~.(,?. JHlj ._~.~_nRe.fay .b.e~lr_Q~-~~a~rts 1~ce~t1on b~t eve~tually
. ·AZUCENA· ai 596)if 1--:""'-t k · _. .:~ ~ ~00 ~~~9'ti'ec;l~.red .rllEl~al ·If ~ti;e stnke rs_ a~~ompamed by
· · . • · · ·. _' . • • H d fl ·= . • .. f;!<...,§SJJ;,~¢.ler,rcfi/Wl:ll?h¥, tis~rre~p1e.ad, .. pe,rvasive.·. and ..
It is ·tba.t·pef(od of tJmJ,\gl\lernJo t~~~--e~£_.optep~ a .,f.latt::tf?f ix:11cy an~ not m~re!y ·
m~~iate and cqnc!liatei~~tPf]~S. l~~j~q{1:-$.f18'n·~ r,(.ef~'ofe~Cffi:::~blch J~~sp~r-cir1cwhich ·~?rma_llY..occur~ rn ·
of t,me allotted b.y law f~Mhe. ~artre~~~ttliij ~,~~ys,.tr~:--:afea.J(She/f,' !pll Workers Union· v.. §hell
. tl)~ir' 'di$pute13 )!'I.• a pea~eful.. ~n~e~:ef~'1i':_,;, '~'.9,d},fr~t':i~.of;Jh.e PH'/f G.R.··No. L:~8697, Ma.y 3\
staging a_ strike or. ·locl<out~t-.is re:e1<on~cl:,lf?tci~ ...t-Q~?'t - . d . · 'fl . . . . . : . ..
. th:e· ti~e.when the notice of~1~i~e o'r~~cl(~~J'"''r,-J1)~·. /~,. T.: .
. filed with .tt:ie.NCMB, a c;opy ot'§~19 n<;tr~~ha'{tn~'-_:~?.f:~~s\El~ y.1ockou~ may. b.e declar.ed ·illegal
J:·· ·. . · _· ,. ~ . : · .
.been ser.ved to the · other . p·ar-tY, ."cwq€t)r:iea."'•~c--"'-Wfieo~\\~- ,\..'.JP'· . ·. . .· · . . . . ·
9th~-rwjse, the l:f)ef~ filin.g 'of the··ndhc~~itf:!tth~ ·.~ ;J t!:0t~'t;§.'~e · reiqui~e~ei::it~ for a vali.d ."strike.: or
. · NCMB without a proof of valid service tfiereo!Jo . -"':" l!...1.. · ~;J:f:loRoutrs. noi -compiled with;· :· · . .' ·
: ·the oU,er pa\fy' CQncetned :will :not. trigger: t~e==--=-_.,.:t' It is based .on non-strike~ble is&ues; .. , .
· · ru~ini;rof.the cooling-oWperiod (Id.). 3. · lss~es . lnY?lv.e~ · · are. already' · · sybJect. ·· of
· · · · ' ·· · arb1trat1on- or _ . , ...
. 3. · :$trike Vote . .:.... ·a . requi~~~ent. v,,herei~. ·tt-ie. · 4. . Either: of. the·. parties com.mil. p.rohibite.a acts· cir
. decis_iiinfo. d~c!are a strike must be: · :·. · 'pract1ce.s,the· strike,or. lockout.may t>e·d~clared ·
· .a. Approved by··a majority of the .totat union· . illeg:al:(N_,CMB·.Primer Qn'. $trike;·P_itket{n~,·and
·. · · . me,j:iber:ship . in · the . b~rgainiJ19 .. unit. Lockout), ·:· · · ·· · .. · · - . ; :. ·
. con61iq1ed. ·(not.. c;>f the whole .8~rgalning ..
. unit); and ... . . . . . Good Faith Strike Doctrine .. ·... .
. b .. '()b.tained by secref baJlot ,n: imeetingis. qr A strike may .be considered. legal :wheire th.e union.
·· r:~ter.~npa ,~·alled: .for.· · the· . purposE!- .. (2 ·believed t.hat the company .c6mmi.tted !.!LP. ~nd t~·e
.. ·AZ,UCENA, s.upra.r:J,(.-~96.:597): ~ . . · circumstances ·war~anted such· belief in goo~ fciith;
• ·: •• ¥ •
· although s.ubse.quently such allegations of u,1-p. are
4.· . r~t>a~_·Stri.ke .Ban .-·.the 7 .day ·waiting period .found ·Out a.s ·.opt tru~ (Bacus ,v.. Opte~ G.R: No::,,.-··
· · "efore the· date of ~he .1:icirpoi:ted . s.tril<.e'(W,~hin. · 56856; Ocfober ?:J. 19B4r .
. which the union intending to conduct a stri.ke
must.at leas·t submit a report to the Dep1:irtmenr· · Doctrine .of ~~ans .and :Purposes · .
·as. to .th~ result of the strike,yote) is· intende.d to· A !:,trike is legal when lawful means concur with
give the. D~partment. an .'bpportunity: to . verify . !awful purpose. (GOP-COP Work~r.s. Union,~-. CIR, .
Whether: th"e projected s~rike· really ca'!ies the G.R. No. L-33015, September 10,. 1979).

136 j ~.·2019 SAN BEDA

.. LAW
. CENTRALIZED
. BAR .OPERATIONS
r}': lf l i!F)4 ·Sb A,.;:,~
LABOR RELATIONS
,?P.!~ T/0~:;:.:.~:;;:;.:;li.JWli.UUW & b##lall.l'

I
Siribi f' . ?:.~~::ii::~NTRALIZ~DBA~ _. ' .

;.:· A Strike.is lilegal if it is Declaredand Staged: Prior notice and hearinq are .not required in the
'$_: 1. · Without complying with the procedural but issuance of the assumption or certification order (2
I'·· 'mandatory requlsltes: - ·· AZUCENA,supra at 640). . . .
fl.. ·2. For an unlawful purpose such as·to compel the
[f: ·. dismissal .of an employee or to force recoqnition Industries indi~pensabl~ to the National Interest:
ff of the union; . (HE-WAS) . . · .
f:;. 3. Based on non-strikeable or invalid .grounds such 1..Hospital. sector; ·.
( as: . . . 2. grectrical power supply; .· . ~

fr
t
4, .. W_1thout first havi_ng bargained collectively; 0 . •
5. In violation
in.ttie CBA; .· ·
of
the No-Strike; No-Lockoutclause
·· .
3. Water supply services, to exclude small water
supply services such . as b.ottfing and refiUlng .
stations; · · ·
~: · 6. · Without first. submitting_ the issues. to the 4. ~ir traffic control.and .
griev.ance.machinery or voluntary arbitration pr 5. §uch other industrles as may be recommended
failing to exhaust the steps provided therein; by the . National Tripartite Industrial Pe~ce
'" · 7 -. : A~ainst.theprqhibition by raw: Council (NT.IPC) ·(D:O_. No. 40-H~13, Rule XX/I,·
i. . ·. B. Strike staged .~ya Mino.rity union; . Sec.: 16). · ·

(CHAN,_l..a~or Law Reviewer

9; · · ~trike staged QY. a !J.nion which is not legitimate ·
(2016)~ Ch. 7). ~:;;::a~
. . . , ·
the ~s~umption of Jur'.sdiction o_f the
FIFTH.FACTOR: INJUNCTION .. : ·. . · ;,_,,. ·. 1. lf a strike or lockout has not taken place; the
Instances when· ihe Secre"tary of Labor.asSUO)~S;~?,(t . parties are. enjoined-to conduct any untoward·
jurisdictio'n over a strike · . i.. ;::-r~:· :·\ action that may lead fo a strike or lockout, ·
W_heri· there exi~t~ a. [abor disp_ute ~ausing_ ?r l(~~f\ ~- '.-~;,~~ 2: ·
If~ ~trike or !oc~~ut has already taken pl.a~e;aH
. to .' cause a strike o~:".· lockout 1n .. an mdu$,tliY, , , , ,, -; , ··-- striking. and locked out .workers shall, w1\hm 24

of Labo_r. will aJ,sume.·J1.,msd1c_t1011 over ,.tl\(Vlabo_r,,.;'

~t ·
indispensab~e.to._'the ~ati_p'n:ar.i_n~?rest,· the se5r~tat(, ;r;, 1r; ,·::~:-:pRig,sfJ~~m. receip.t of_ .an f,.sstimption ·or
rl' ·Ge.iilif'!Qati.on Order, 1n:imed1atefy returri to work
?i~P~!e-.ofthe- ind':'-~trt .Th~.p.ower ofi~~u,rriptio~ ottLJ · and· t~7f~~~mployer sh.?11 immediately resume
J.UrrsdJ~bon·or CE!rbf1,cal1on by the· Secrii!~uy('ofL,_ab6r.J~1• operat~c;,ri.,s1?nd rea~m1t all workers· under the
. is intl"\e n~t~r.e<?f a_polic:e P?w.ei.m~a~~t(Philtfe&<;I .,f,:>) s~?1e/~~s~«"~c~i'l_~ifions prevail.Ing before the
Worl<ers Umon v:. Se~.. Confes9,rr:;fi3!~. Np}~W169~. l-" stnkf. ·· -~ _:\·: · . . . · ..... · . · · ·
Marcfl -12;
1~_9!). : . . .
. ·, · ••. , · ·· · .
o~~f . ~>~~.
. ·.• \ -:ii"·.·>;;-;;;;~_). •., ...,;
1~\

~:-::.,·
··:
I,,:)
Cl
3. At fny .~Oll1~1\'ln trme;_ !he·. part1es_. a~e .not·
·P{~!t~!~~-·~!~o~s.ub~1~ting-th~ -.dispute ._to
<;ond•!.ic~r:is· _for . ? . yahd ""-.;~xerc•,~~.f;'°(. J:~~:' , l\d . Vo_lt(Qlf.!tYi-N:91Jmtioriw1t~,th.e.Secretary of Labor
Assu:mptipn ?f ~ur.1sd1ctlon.. ~ut~.~d..1¥or""1-~, · .. -J/ . t,,•f and Employment or_ h1~/hE.J!" ·duly .. authorized
1 .. Both. pal'W3s .have requested: it;he·::Sec~etary,of . t,:( representative as voluntary ·Arbilrc:itor.or Panel
Labor to . assur,:ie ji.Jrisdlctlon ·pfer tti~ : labp'r .ftf~Y>?!-\qfVol4r.itary·A_rbitrators(D. 0. No~-40·G-03 ·Sec.
", dr~P..':Jt~; ,or : .. .· . . . '. : . . . Js::j>f-a-' ' . ·_/-1~;::~·:~~~:::·;~.!:=~• , . ,: . . •. > . . . . I .. . ·

. 2. Affer. a ·cqnference called by the1"·$ecreta(Y/'Of .. . . . .

Labor· 'c;,fthe·.. PrQprieiy ?f fh'eC_is~~~s~H~i?the A motion for.·reconsideratio~ does not' suspend the·
Ass.umptio.n or Certific:ation 9rder, in"t,tit-proprio· effe-cts, a~ the aisu:rnp{ion orde"r ·is.·_immedialefy
or upo·n request or. petition l?Y either pa,rtytq ·the· executory .(Te'/~(unken S.etniconduc(ors-Employees
labor: dispute {D: 0, No. 4.0~H-13, Rule >(X/1,:.sec. U.nion-FF.Wv. Secretary of Labor.J:ind Employment,
'f~). ·· , · · · · ·' · G.'R.No:.122743, OecefnJier12,.1997).: ·
. . . . . . . . .

The.Secretary of:L.;9bo_r·may either: ·, . · .. ·. · ·. . Decision on th~ Assai~·ed Labor Dispute; Fi11ality

1':-· As'.Surri"e jutisdiction an~ decide it;.(personaf):"o(
2. - Gertify )he ~ame fo_ t~e NLRC for· compi.dsory.
· · · · arbi.tration·:(~elegatio!l) (2 AZUC~NA;.supra. at
.6~7J.·· . . . ·. - ·
. Note:)\ labor disputE/~~y be assun:,ed_-b/ the
Secretary oniertified· to·the NLRC even before the
~r
a·ctuar sti:lging of i:i strike· a· lqckout'since Art.. 263
. of.the L~bor Code does-not.require the ~xis.le.neeof
the :Strike· bi.it.. only of a _ lab.or disp(ite °'1nvolying ..
national. iriferest. · What.. constitutes "indispensable . ·
. industry" ' is based upon'. the'' "discretion the
Secretary of labor. However, the Presi<;lent or"the
Phifippin~s shall no~ be precluded from determining ..
irldl,lstries, w,hich·in his opini6ri"are indi~pensable to
the ·national inl~rest (2 AZUCENA, s1/pra a"t .642).·
· Withi"n s·days from th.e..issuance' qf the ·assumption .
or <;:ertification order,. a preliminary tonferenc.e· or '
hearing si-iafl immedia'tefy be conducted by the.office
. of the Secretary .. of. L~bor and Employment, 'th.e
·. NLRC or th~_.-Voluntary Arbitrat9r·or Panels ·of
· Volunta.ry Aibitr~tors as the case' may be. . · ·
The decision" of ihe Secretary .of Labor, the NLRC or
Voluntary Arbitrator· or Pan.els of Voluntary·
Arbiti.ator& shall be rendered within 30 calendar days.
from.submission· of the case for ·resolution and shall
of~ .be fin.al and execut~ry'10 ca.fern;iar days.after receipt
thereof.by the parties (D.O .. No. 40-H-13,.Ru/e XX/1,
' Sec. 18). ··

.. 201S SAN BEDA LAW CE:NTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS i 137

 . . . .
_._ ..._;,!'.....J..$.:...·:t'!!Si . • - . &S i §Pf I tiitl · :~
.',1

,/i~~t·· . · LA.BOR RELATl10.NS . -1·'.:

if~~t~ SAN B£DA I.AW CENTRALIZED BA.R_OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 201·9 .
~™Eiii&idiM#YA!Wf&fmSMXI_M5tdHtb± CrNStpt &1Mtf4?WRJSl&IWG$ fff,lp) l !irii\1

Issues that the Secretary_ of Labor can reso.ivie .· .. Note: Payroll reinstatement would be proper in case
when- he assumes jurisdiction over a labor . . circumstances arose which makes" . actual
· dispute . . · · .. reinstatement impracticable; such as in cases where
1. Only issues submitted 'to t!'l~. Secretary may be .: teacherswere ordered toreturn to worl<in the middle
resolved by him (PhilippineAirlines, tnc. v. Sec: · . of the. semester. of the .acadernic year when their
of Labor, G.R. No. 88210, January ~3. -1'991).·· teaching assignments has already been taken over
2. Issues submitted to- the Secretary for resotution . by- new fa·culty rnembers (UST v .. NLRC, G.R.. No.
and· such· issues involved in the Jaber dispute · 89920; October 18, · 1990); and· Whe_refn· the
itself (St. Schotestics's College· v. · Torres;·_.G.R. employment is confidential in nature· (Universityot ·
No. 100158, June-4, -1992). . · Immaculate Conception, tno: v, Se"cret(;iry."of Leber,
3.. Secretaryof Labor rnay subsume per'l~ing labor.·. · G.R. No. ~ 51 ~79,:January14. 2005}. .
oases before Labor Arbiters wf}lch arelnvolved-
ir;r· the dispute and decide-even ·Jssues falling_·.. The ·rn_ing. of a petition with .the -Labor Arblter to;.
'under the 'exclusive and_ -oriqlnal jurlsdietion of . declare a strike illegal i_s not a. condition sine qua non
LaborArbiters suchasthe declaration of.legalify. . for the validterminatlon of employees who commit
or illegali_ty. _of: . strike : (International. . . . ari illegal act the course of strike. . in a .
v,
Pnermeceuticels, inc: Se9. of Lpbor; ~.-R. No; . · · . .. _
· 92981~83,·January 9, 1992): · · . . ·· · ,:ne us~ o_f-unlawful meansln the course ot.a strike
4. Power. of Secretary of'Labor is plenary: aritl..==ic.:--!}Jnderssuch strike iliegt;1I, The filing of _a petitlon to
' discretionary (Sf.·. l,u~9.·s Medi6al ._9ffei,tf!?v.
Torres, G.R. No. _99395,.Ju,:,e 29,).fJ-.93).· ~.,
\J._~., -~l51a-r~u,~ s~r.ike· illeg_a·i-: i~ unnecessary (Ja·ckb~lt.
· .J!.N/,'!sffie~~r_c.v: ,tacl(b1II: . Ef!1ployees· t.-y~rkers
_ - · . . . . ~~_.f.:;.:-..,==C!.:a.tf4-N'AF,.4~MU,. G.R. t:,fos. 171(31_8-19,-March
Note: Und~r ·A,rt. 294(b) of .th~~a~...o(\8_9)fif.'. ~~ ·. · 20, 2t}{).9Y ,tl\·-., _ . .. ; . · . .
.. amended, t!'e. Secretary of Laqgr_ m~f -s~sp~_ns:J,,tl:ie-'·""'J~"~ ~:{? ~~· · ·· ·. _· . · · .
~~ects -~f- the te(~inatio~ _p~n;<fuID~es9li:i~i9fi_.0Lt~$j .'it . on.
-ij.~I~ ~e~~1r!@.n\~~1Y, of S~ri~ing w.or~er~...
. q1spute _in the E:vent of a p~rp,a fao11flrrd.1-~g_by 1!i:e ·., :&it\. c.$E-:ner~~\ Rlcll~~_(F.olfo~ng. the qeda~a~,o~ that the_
appropna~e off1ch~I of po~E bef9~e ~hf9.m $qC/:I _ . · str.1ke· st~ged ti.ytt1~-t:.tr.1on.rne.mbers ,s 111.~g'al, the
di!)pute is pending that th_e_t#dnma~on·l'.llafcaus~ ,f'l. ~-- . f1i_on_offi·cers a'pa m~_{rl,!:>ers.wer~ C91")Sidlared validly
serious labor d1.sp"ute_ or is injt.l;i-t'imP,lernent[.: o~~ara-~ i;._~1ss:ii&·fl'?."-'.~rT1Pl{Jt'!1en_f.
. for "c;onimitting._illegal
mass lay-off (LABQR· Cf.]CJl,
fJ,iJ,.~2_f2(b)j;_, · · :6:f'"~:. .\.U,n;~ctsdu~,nq__!~e 1ue@al·~j1ke. Th~ ~C1U!1· a~rl'r]ed_the
·.. · ' .. · ~-~ :. \ l.- . :. . ~-~J.!:,WiYJ'o03that th1.-com"!11ss1on-0(1llegal·acts·
·elements for .~ntitleme_nt. ~ :~-~-cjr'ng~~\..= ;. ~ · ,1 1 .,.,~~nn~!;J?,~bf·'.·i~egc:1)"'"\$t_rikA r.onstitu_fed. serious
1. . That the stnke was legal~,t ..., -\ . ~-Yb.·<~ ·~ ~{~l~~r:i...®;;t.l-l_~nc.e,
2. _That there ~as· an ·u~con~itional.~ffe_r.~Jt.e.· r:~· _,-. ~i'(fle'"~i9,:ioff}faals arifme~b13rs_was not sustained.
w·. aV\lard of separation p~y to .

to work; : .-· . . . . . _\ . . ~- .. · ·.s. ,. _ .,'>.,Jc/~~ 'r·.- .· )f- . . . . . . .. .

3. Thal the strike~ we're refus~d-reinstal~m tS("fEN'TE~~l>~(Whirejt{(strue that generally-the gr-ao! of.
. ..· ' . . '\,, . )', -~~ '. .. . .?e-~uon\lp.Wi~r)ot· ~vailable 'to erl'lptoyeies who
No.te: But where .the stril<eis'· un~ob_'djtia-11/i"~ffe},''"t?:1.,.._-:;;..,~~re v.a1ielly di~tsed,'there ar~.-in fur'therarice.of ttie
return t"c? work_was.n_?t-irn,p1e_~ent!:)d by'Th~:i6p~me '1\: ll ·A(w;:5\ri~>7.:_ ot · <;:ompass.i~.mat~ justice,.. cert~i~
Court, the employ(!r_1s no) qbhge.d.to pay b~ck-~ge.s .EVlfo1rs:_y.rµgfances that wa"f!ant toe. gr~nt-of .so.me; rehef...
· (2AZUCENA,sup,:a:at 711), · · · ... , -' .. · . """"-"-~favorofihe· terminated-.Union:roembers·based 6.n
1
: equity. Bitt~r lab.or : i:fisp~es, especially, strikes,
O
. ' . . . •. .
.· Remedy: A wpr!<e( wlio absents himself from w'o_rk, . . : always. generate a thrc;mg- of .odium and abhorrenc~
. as:~ result__ of i,r strlk~'. rnu~t ~eek -~eirnbu'rseri:i~f).h;>f. . . that .. someijrhes .· result .. in. unpleasant, although .
his wages from''tlis unfon··w.hich d.ecl~r~d the: strik~.. un.wa~ted,·. ·co.n:sequ_eni:;es,:-.Cor:i"sid('iring thi~.. ·the ·.
or. he r-i,ight have. his a~sence from ·work .charged . . . slriking. ·employee~· .br;ach .of certain. restrlctiom~
a~a.insf his· um.ise.9 ·vacation leaves -(CHAN,. Labdr · _ impo~ea .·on· their·. co.r:i·certed·. actior:is . c1t ~hefr··
l:.aw Review.er(2016), C.h. 7). . ... . . err1ployer's ·doorl?teps· ~l:inot .be· ·regarded -~s so:
. · -int,~reflllY- wicked .that .the employ~r can ":tot~lly ·
. A~tual :Rei~stat~ine~t-- _. NO:t. . : Pay.roll· . : · . , c!Jsregard their ·1ong. yeiars of-·service prior ·to suet,
Rein~t_atem~r'it in· Assumption or Certification · breacti. (c. Alcantara·iit?d Sons,_Inc:·. v.. CA G.R No: .
Or.ders· . · · ·. .' ' .· · · · · · 155109~-Marc/J_ 14~-~01~)_.- . . . .. ' ... '.-.· · . ' __., · . ·
.· tt was settled that in. assumption . of jurisdictior:i ·.. . .· . . .·.. :" . '.. . . . . : . . . . . ·1 . .-.. : ..
cases, ttie .Se<;:retary · -should ·. i_mpose actual . Req1,1irem·ent for Mli,ini4rn Ope,:atlqnal.~er:vlce .
reinstatement in accordance with the int.ent and spirit .- In -lal~or disputes a9yers:e!Y. affecting !he, cootioµed
o.f Art. 263(g) o~ the l,..aqor GOO.~· ~ with 'f.ll_Ostru!es, . operation bf hospitals, clink:s, ·or medical institutions,
. however, this. on~ i~ subject tq ~x~eptions'(National it Shall b~ \tie duty_pfthe ~triking.union O~·Jocking-out·
Union of WorkersiFI the· HotetJ--?.estaurarit arid Allied·. ~mployer-·.-tq.· prciyi~e ~_nd. mai,r:it~i!1 _a.n · effe~tive .
lndustrie~.OusltHotelNikko Chapter·v... Ca, .(3.R .. No.. . skeletal workforce of medi~I and. other 'healtli ·
16394~, November 1_1,2008).: . : persQnn~I. whose ITIOVE!me'nt :and: ~ervices s~all be

13.8-1 2019 S.£.i.N SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 ~1
/:.-z • >ICI.X itBftM

f_
"'(,i:
:LABOR- RE·LA TI.ON.S
SAN B£DA LAW C~NTRAL/Z£D BAR O~EAATIONS - ~EMORY AJO 2019
s.: ·. fJi 161 6 12 Mi Aki SYS!Wii . ki¥ffttiFH •nv;se
:.;,, . . . . . ·.
. .
~~-·unhampered and unrestrlcted.vas are necessary to 3. . Without the necessary strike ·or lockout vote first
'[( ensure. the proper and 'adequate protection of life having ·been ·obtained. an·d reported to DOLE
J; · and health of its . patients, most especially -. (LfiBOR CODE, A.rt. 27.9(a))'. .
,. emergency cases, for the· duration of the .stnke or
f. lockout (D.O, No. "40-H-0'3, RuleXX_JI, Sec.1.17). ._ . No Strike·or Lock·o"'utshall be declared:
{,t · · .-·. . . · -, . _ . · · · . . 1.. · · After assumption of jurisdiction by the President
or the Secretary of labor; '
..'.ft.... SIXTH FACTOR: AGREEMENT·OFPARTl°ES
A no-strike prohlbltlorr in a .QBA is applicable only to
economie strlkes. In other words, l)LP strike isnot .
.
· 2: After cejtlficatlon or subrnlsslon of the dispute to
compulsory or voluntary arbltration; or· . .
.covered and~o.rkers.maygo on strike based on ULP. 3.· During the 'pendency of cases : invoiving the
·despite·.th.e.no-strike provlsion (PH Me.ta.l.Foimdries same ·grow;ids for the ~trike: or lockout (LAB.QR
Inc. v.. Cou,;t. of °Industrial Relations; (3.R: Nos.' L:. CODE, Art, 279(a)). . .
.. . 34"948;49, May .15, .19.79): . . . . · · . · . · . . ' .· · - · ..
,,,_ . . · ·. · , , ·· ·· Note: P:,.ny worker whose employment has. been
:r· · .
-rh~ authorltles. are· numerous wh.i~h h~Jd that ;trike·~
.Y: . held in VJolatiOr,l ·of:°JJ)e terms contained a- CSA are fn
-'terroinated as consequence an uniawtur lockout -a
. . shall· be . entitted . to reinstatement with ':full . back
ot
lF-. iliegql, especially when .they provide' (or conclusive wages (LAE30f?" CODE, Arl. 279 "(a)). :
,,:. arbltratlon, clauses. Th.ese agreements: -. must . be · .· · · . · ,
l strlctlyadhered.to Md r.espeh:id "if their endshave ' ·. Who may l~se emp1oyment by reason of strike
t to be .achieved (GOP-CCP. Wor.kers Union v.. coiut :-, .1. .A_n~ union o_fficer who knowingly- participates i_n.
of' Industrial --R~lations; -G.R.··. No. 'l-330Ji5{1d . anllleqalstrike; and ... · · . · _- · · · .
September 10, f9?9). · · · · . :'.'.\//.,\ , 2: Any_· _y..'.ork_er__ ?r union .o~ic~r: who. kno"".'ingly
- • •• ,.__. • • • • {-:, ,.rf · ,·~·~ ·, · · parbc1pates m the· c<;>mm1ss1on of _illegal acts.
1
_Once. the. disp.utf h~s. been . cpnvertecl lnt6!"'..a·. - ·~j:J
durir19·a:"Strike' may be declare~ to have losfhis. I

·preven~ve r11ediafi_orf-qas~; . the noti9e of ··strlf ;~'/·: ;·:;~~~~P~~1nt JLAB<}R coo~. A_rt: 279 ·(a)). -
c:l_eemed dmpped from the _dockets as ifAq,,~1ice.bf.J-rr_,....--..1:~~p(".;,_~. · . . · "· ·: .· .. · :
.stl'!ke ·:.~a~. 9ee11<filed, -Q~rin~r th~ ;.p:eB,qency 6}.)_Ji .. Mere pa~1c1P,, ion:_~f-a w?rke_r:m·_alawf~l-s1!1ke sh~II
. preventive mediation proc6c~.ingc, .ii~~tF{ko coul~p·-l.l.. not con~bt~J-ei ~fflcien_t ground fo_r. terrr:11na!1on o~ his
be.legally declared· (Philippine Airline!J!Jocl··.tt."S~c/of
labor, G.J{ fl!o. 882°10,.·.January__ 23, 199'W'~·- .. ~
f~t
employffl~9til.e~\~o.,t _a. replac~ment ha~ qeen hired
_11y. th~ ewp1q.y~~,.:1unng ~U(?h la~ul S!nke_.(LA1;3_C?R
. _·.. .. . . · · · l'C:· . . . J . ,-:-:u f'''· .. CODE, 2/(9.(~- · . , . jit.· ..
B~ _mutual_.agree.mE:nt, the. -~~e-~ -~~J~?c°id1. fo ". [~ _· . ...J~,J·--;,--~~~-:· ·. . _-' · . · .
lm11y 1!11:! d1SJ)ll~~ for [!=)SOltJhon~eforec}.QJl'cc·re~J\~. fw Thu~~-..:li-:r:~f~'S;:l~rfor tl1e co_r.n_pS!'JYt<;> addu~q-
. vol~nt~ry ar~ifrat?r ~f t~eir:c_h9iee"ln~hie:~f~~setJ:ti ; ,: V·:/ proof ortli~p..fil1fclpa~1on :of _t~e stnkmg 1:!mployeE:s111
notice (of.stnk~):-~S deer:ned autorri!jfEail~wt~drav.h ..- ~_ry -~h_e comm1ssl_on_-~! 11legql .. a~ts dpn:ng_ the strikes
·:an~ dr'o~ped__frcini..:the; dockets· (/ll6¥f3 Pjlf.per Qri. f:,,i ..
f-;if.H_JN_lj.RJJ.IN_.:APL~IUF Dus,t Rote/ Nikko· Chapterv.
S~nke; P1cket~n9._ahd L_oqko~_t):.·:- .. · J_:):~ >·-;:;d'i•'"'~~~;~~J!_{ 1~3942, NmT_embe('1·~, 2~_q{I).
ART-;CLE279,PRO.HIB~TE~·ACT.iV~tt~~t
Wh · has J ·tsdlctl fo D t . th··- .h .J. -1,ty
/~V ·_,· .. · !"- _syike __ .s)aged with.our" complia_nce. ~i~~_:the.
· requiremen\s.or Art. 278 of the. Labor Code 1s illegal
. .f. · udr_L·... k ont. . ~ ermu:ie e,_:i;!eg_a.' '. anc;I maicau~e the termination of the:emp'ioyrnent of
Q · 5~.ku I e an · oc ou · part1c1p13ting
· ·· ; · · . · · . umon-
·- · · .and. ·.merpbers.
· · · ·
· .. , · . : · · , , . . . : . . : : . . ;,. the officers
- 1 :- -~r,fb_or ~btt~r -.- U.P.00. t9e_ ._-fihn_g of a. proe~.r However, the· :liability for ·. the illegal st~ike · ts··
· .complam.t,and·~ft~~~. ue heanng (NlR_C R_ules--of 1hqividua1; nof collective, Tq Wc!lrl'ant the terminc;1tion. ·
. · f:rocedure (2011)~-~u_/e.V._Sec.J(e)),: ·:· , . of an-officer of the;labon)rg~ni:iatio.n·or., that b~s.is, .
· 2. · 9,(!L~ ~ecretai:r-1n __ case.~ Whe_~7 he_a~um~~ :·the·employer .mus(sh<?W thaqhe:·offj~er know_ingly
. Jlir!sd1cllon and the_ 1llegahty or le9aht~- of_ th_e participated·in 1he:ill~a1·_strike. An or.diriary ·striking
·. stnkell~ckout.. _is· -~,s~d. _.(LA$0R ._co_DE, Aft._ .. ecnploy.eecanno(be te.rminated based ·so!ely°on his
_ _ . . . 278(g)), ~n~- , . . . · . · . · · ., ··. partjdpation in- ·ttie jllegal strike, for the .employer
3. . NL~<;_. - i_n e?l.~es. c~_rt,~e~.- by the_ S!=?<::_retc!ry of , mus_t further : shpw that the : employee comm,itted · ··
_La~r ·:_IQ ·!h~ -co111m1ss,~n. _for :co~pulsory "illegal acts during _the·.strike.(Th~:Hong Kong and
. ·_aro,tration:_(µ480~ P_QD/=·'Art ~78(!?)). :$han.ghfli Ba_nking Corp, Emp(oyees IJnion v. f\JL~C,· ·

Lab.9r Organ1:?at1o)l~ ·: · . : . . .: .. . . .. No., 1566:)5,

G.R, . ;January
.
1·1;
.•..
2Q1.6).
. . .. . . ·

No labor organizationor. employer shall declare a

, Note;' ·oedar~tiOr\ pf illegality ;f
strike·. is . not a
i . . .. strike or lockout: . '.·. . : . . • . ·. . . pre.requisite to· the · dismissal · of member?· Whp
,.. 1. )Nithot.it ·firs~ havirig barg~iMd . col ie.ct1vely · in .commilted illeg,\il acrs d.uring a s1rike.' Hpwever. th·e
-5: . . . accordance with Title VII of' !his Book; . · ER must" desist from actirig on the mc1tferwhen it has
'.' · 2, ·· Wit~out- first having filed· the notiee required. 'in· a-pending cornplaliit f9r illeg_alstrike.in the NLRC:: (2
· Art. 278;· .\Incl . · · · · -AZUCENA; supra ·at 699}. · ·
s·
.;,'•·.

.. .
· 2019 SAN:~EDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR .OPERATIONS I 139
 ·LABOR R. ELATIO.N.S
SAWBEDA /.:AW CENT11A£t~ED.BAR QPETIATIONS - MEMORY A/CY 2.019·
¥& OMB$i &

Prohiblted A.ctivities ..under Articie· 279: (FAB·

PR
'·c~rtified, is. cori$idered an illegal ac~ committed in the
Mt IM~i&lf 41 R

p~ . .. cours·e of the' stril<e or lockout.(2 'AZUCENA, supra

1. . No 'labor organization or 'employer shall declare at 643}". · ·
·. a strike or lockout-without first having bargained
.. collectively or without first havir'ig filed the notice Effect: 'In .case· of non-compliance of strikers, th_ey,
. require,d or. without the necessary strike or . :may be· .subject ·to immediate disciplinary actio.n,
lockout vote . first, havin.g been obtatned and- including dismissal r;,r loss ·of E!mployment status and
. reported· to· the DOLE (tABOR CODE, Art.·. eyen ·to crfrnl.nai pro~ectJtion (San Juan·.oe· Dios
·. 279(a))i . . · . . ·. ' . . Educational F,Qund.atlon·Employees Union-Alliance·
2. No -strike or lockout shall be -declared after of Filipino Wqrkers·.v:SanJuan De Dios Educational
·-~s~u.nipt(on ot.lurisdtctlon by the· Presiderif.. or ·Foundation Inc., GR. No.-.143341, May 28, _2004).
the S_eeretary. ot'Labor or after- certification _or
submission .'of· the 'dlspqte · to compulsory ·or. -Moreov:e_t,Jhe"strike becomes ·illeg~I. because ,o.f the.
.or
voluntary. arbitration during. the pendency of'. . disregard of the return-to-work order issued by the .
cases· invoivirig -the same gfound~ for the sirlke' .: ·. . _Sec.retarY. '{Union:of Filipro. Employees v.' Nestle
. ariocko~t·L.A80RCObE; Art..279(:a)); · · : . . P.HL,..G,R: No.'88710-13; Dec~1T1ber 19i_·1990).
· 3. ' .No person s.hall otisfnict,-· lrnpsde, or interfere . . . . .
:· i,vith,: by force,· violence, coercion, 'threats- _Or · . . . Note:: 'Ah. assumption o'r certification order of the

. · eni_ploye~:5' durlnq a~f labor. contrqv~·'}W~6f"'in u· :~:~~to~~

.. intimicfation, any peaceful . picketing b~=i.QOli.~.Secretaryautomatically resuttsln a.return-to-
striking worker.s,whetli7r a ~orresr:<?n.ding
. 'the eX~fCISe: Of ~th.e ngbt..to 5elf:0~1zat)~~'OP : .1~wtnf~}W0(~:-order- had been_ ISSU~d:· ~~~Ing ~O
, -,_col_!e.ct1v~ barg.a1_ningt or shall _atd· ofa~e.1,:~-~SJ:!~-"-"''~.Q:l~jy __ ~1th,.,1h~.::_ret_urn-to-wbrk'?rd~r is puriishable
obstruc~1~n or interference (~fJ;?,f!.~Gp.E:)!\.rf.,.:.r ...-= · ~y,cf1~~~(.i~q~\lf~fof employment _st~us fGalamb__a.
279(b)), . . )" .. ....,.)~-:<-:rP". . "-} ~f!si.~I $._~(J!~r,· f[IP· v. NLRC, G.R. No. 176.t484,.
'4: · No employer shall use. 6j',,e1.ttP10¥fanystri~~u · · jf .. -~ev.· ~~·2Q'([p},?&) '\ · . · . . . : . · . . ·
~ceaker, riqr shall any·pe[1Son'1:t~¢'tnpkfyed.asl~ j.\~ J~ · . L ~:, 'i.{ ,P. 't . · · ·· · . :
~trike-l?reaker (LABOR Cf,QDE, Jji:t. 27~(c)):. · · Kl~· p_eriod o~defiah~pflt)'.le r~turn-to-work order is not·
5.. No Public official or e·mP.1ciy).~ rc1udin@'6ffic9rs ~ ~r··rwafenat. Defiarip..e·qfJ1;3~stt)ao .1 day i~ sufficient t9
and personne! of -the NiVr.~~-d_.For.Cf~ oU~ ,i~I ~~~e':(:1·te i_natiop~-'of .d,f.ant:strik~rs ({)nivetsity o(
Philippines '?~ ~e · l('lt~~~~tetl N.atio_n~(P9h~ •:rqffiips-anAgp.stin Erliplo'l,~e':-/ Union-;-F.TW v. CA, G.R.
· (now the. Ph1hppinE: N~l)o_n~L; \phc~}:Jrt~r,m:ed ... ~ No. :!,§j~)'i¥a,»kh 26, 2Q06):... . · .: . . · . .
· person;-sha11· bring in; m1f~pee~or e'{;.p~.~\t(l~n-YffiY.. .,:'!I· . : ,( f.5!. ·. fl. "''"<"f} . . · . . . · ..
manner,.'any individual \1Xrho··i~ks't'._o,1et~~e;· J...&1n1~i4,6'9T-1offkeers *'1b particip'aled -in the ill~gal
, .. strikers in enteri_n·g or l_eljlting the~~rerri'l~E_!'s .'t~~. ". . 1 j.~(ryl~Yb,.dismisefedfron;,. erf!ployment,. but the
.. s(Fike. ~re.a, or work in pl~~."of the''~tri~e:rs_l'II~;~i~irti~pali<;p,of e{e_r.y s.uch_- officer · must" b~
. . police force sh}1II keep ou~~f tl')e pi~~e~liM~1£Nt~1tat;ilisl)~c:L:Thesl .~fficers. mµs~ . oo. Individually
· . unl!;?ss. actual' violence or otmer ·cri~ina!,,-.~cte@jfie'a ~P,d.Jh~fo.xtent'c:irnature.of his participation

.
·· occu_r. therein: · ' ·
'
,
.
. : "·· ~
. '<\
_Q~~T
... '-i
=...,,.~~~~~&~naintt.(2AZUCENA!. ~iJpra·at 652).·
! J\."1'\ ~~~- . . .
· :ProJitjed, .that · n9tlj)ng . her~i~ :~1rtan.! b~ · 1VA11b~iretf1vely.~oll'.I ~rdina~ unio~ ij,emb~~~ Ji~ble,
·.interpreted to'_pfeVeQl.any public offic.ers, fr~~Qiosewho participated. in'the·commiS$i~rt.Of illegal
taking any.me'asure nepessaryjo:. ,. . . ..... . . ··..~cts ·n:iust not only be' ide~tified but the specific illegal
.' · a. Maintpin peace ~nd order; . . . . .., .. , acts they.each ~ommitted'shotlld-be·described with
b: · P.rot~t-iife arid prop.erty; and/or ·. · · · : · · partic1Jlarity (G&,$' transp.orl· Corp:, v.. lnta'rit~. G.R..
. . c. Enfor.ce the -law and legal' iirder (l:.ABOR ·.·.No: 160303, S,epi~mber{J, 2007).·.: ··.· .: . . · ·'
· · , °[;ODE'A;.t. 279(d))· .... ·, . ... • ...
. ·. . ·.: -._. ·'. : . · ·_. • .. ~ '· · .· .. _.. ; · De.cisio·n. oi1 Illegal .Dismissal· Case is not Res·
. · :s,. No persoh engaged in plcketing··shall commit ji.idi<1ataor.-l_liegal·Striic~:ca:se : .i..
. . • ' ;;iny. act of.Yiolence,_. coer.cion. or intimi~ation br . The ~LRC'~ 'De_ci;,ion. on the.. illagal dismi:;,sal case
obstruct the free··ingr.ess to. o(e{Jress. from the was··n-d_t"res· judic;;ata- on the illegal strike case: ~n aii
.' emplQyer's. premises - for. lawfoi. purposes, or' . . aptiqn 'tor declar.~tion of illegal' strike, the caus~ of .
. 01:>struct publjc. thoro~ghfares (LABQR- <;;ODE,. ~ction is ·pr-emi~ed on · a uniol) · or ~ labor.
·. A_rl. 279(e)J:' . · . or_ganjzation'.s . i:'ond.uFt of · a s~rike , without .
complianc(;l with tl)e ·st~,utory. requirements. On .the
.. Rule on.Defiance, oi'Assu111pt1on or .Certlf(cajio'n. ott:ier hand; .. in. an actjciri for"ill~~r dismiS:Sal; the
·Ortle(or. Retl!ril-to-Wo_rkbrder. ; . :. . . ·. cause" Qf ..action· .is: pre!'JllSed:· on·. an employer's
.Non-compliance ~lth th~ ass1.1rnpt1on or certification , alleged d.ismi.ssa'1 of an employee with'6ut a just or
order ciJ the Secrelary of Labor, .'or'a .retum0to-work authorized t:ause (Club Filipino Inc'. v De Leon, G.R.
.'order. iSSl!~d:purl,uant ~fieref.o l;iy th_f;·secretary Of .. No 168406, january 14, 1015).. .
labor ~·r by NLRC, to which' a· labor·.dispute is

..
140 ~019 SAN ~ED.A°LAW CENTRALIZED BAR_OPERATIONS
 .;....,"·

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.f ·
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LABO·Ft.REL'ATIO.NS
BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS·- .Mf"i,jORY AID.2019
t{.f
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·~t ."ARTiCLl:·280: IMPROVED OFFER BALLOTI.NG ARTICLE 281: .REQUIREMENT FOR ARREST
'(.;. In an effort to settle a strike, the Department of Labor . AND DETENTION' , .
l:. arid Employment shall conduct . a referendum by General. Rule: .A police officer cannot arrest· or
~; ~ secret : balloting on. the improved qffer_ of _the detain a ·unioR member for union· activ.ities. witho1.,1t ·
~: · .employer on or before the .30f\1 day otthe strike. previpus_ consuitatrons_ with:the Secretary.9f Laqor.·
·;;!'.: When at least a majority of the union members vote
f :_ to accept the improved offer, the sfriking workers E;xceptions:· .
I{·· shall irrimediateiy return to ·'A'.ork and· the-employer - 1. National security;
:: .. s~all thereuoon readmit them upon the signing of.t_he 2. Public peace; arid· .
/."·.agreement. , · ·· · 3: Commission of a crirne. (LABOR" COD(;:, Art.
•! .. · ...
281):" ...
J?.- ln.case of a 'lockout, the Department·of.labqr ·and·'
~ Employment Shall· also conduct. a· referendum. by_ ..· .' _An arrest can be. lawfully made in the. following
f" secret' baliotlng on. the reduced-ofter ofttie union on. -, cases: . . .. .
'.'. · .· or before .the 30th dayof the lockout. Whe_n at feast 1. Any_ person who obstructs the free and· lawful
:' :·a"majorlty_ofthe·boa"rd of directors or trusteesorthe . [ngres"s" and _egress from the .empi9yer's
~: partners-holding the controlling_ interest inthe case> premises or who obstructspublic thordughfar~s
_"t , of a partnership vote to accept the reduced offer ,.the . ·(NCMB. Primer· on 'Strike1 Picketing,. · end ·
,-_... workers shall' immediately-return towork. and ·1he '.Lqdkouf);and . . . . . ·
r .: employer shall thereupon readmitthem·upon . th€) .·'0
,~~- signing-of the agteement (LABOR GQDE; Art.·2~Y';/tJ.
2.. Any per.s"c;m w_ho shall have in.hls: possession
.dead!y ..weapons i!1 violation ~fB.P. No. 6 (":'nAct
~ ' ... · . ·. . . ·. . .· . ·.· ·. · ·.~rJj/-,"';:,. . Red_ucmg the Penalty For 11/~gf;ll Possession Of
-(· Reduced Offer _Ballpting, . · · · · .· . f ,-<i.~··· ,'" ~ · · , B/ade_d,· Pointed _Or Blun_t ,Wt1apons, And For
~; . A referendl.:lm conducted by-the NC~ o,:i or be1r~~-,··· • ,).--...:...other ~';f[POSes; Am:n"dmg For The PµrP_ose
~- ,ihe ·. 3~th. d~y of- lockout, for-: the _purpo_;~/ fl:'>~·
:...,.t!..:...~tP:"E),f"FtNq.~_9) a_nd firearms and explosives
tl. · de!erm1.nmg:whether or npt,~he redu_ced·~~~J,of.tli~\'../Jf . "(~if;de!Jn~s for the C~n~uct nf PNp!AFP
;Union -.1s ~.cceptc1ble to the b9ardr·1tJ::d1re9to~s...\.~ - Personrllf!\riLabot Disputes). .
t":Jslees or pa_r:tners. . .. . . ',: 1::,,· ;.{ . ·. j.. --i ! . · . . // {l_ w. · . · · · . · .. .· .
· .. ,. · · ·. .· , . · J;r (.~':! " . · ·~~ CHAPTERT}(Vd· ASSISTANCE'FO LABOR .
. Wflen ~t·l~ast~ m_ajo_ntyof,the -~~JlJO:-of-~~f~~Wr~.o~ ti\· : . · :(- !J ·· \ . · ·: . ~ . . • .
. ~1,1stees __<;>r_ the par:tJ:ier~. hJ_!9mg .. tt-\~}~0~f1:ollm~;: pA .ARTICJ. t~82:°\ ASSISTANCE... BY· THE
interest. in -the -.partnershrp,~· .Sf~te...)21,..ac~ept~~~ .. , 1,.,;i ·DEP~RTPJIEN:r:oi:~BO.R · ·. · . · ·
reduced offer, the workers sli~_1mmedlfl.f~y, re\!'.!~- +)'j · .· ·.:.·v.,.:_~!:'."il."''::,.j;.;:,··',.· . . . . · · .
to .work; and' t~e. ~_mplo~er_shall~~f~,Q~~r~aff"1!.· ~
. ther.n upon s1gn!P~ of _th~_ t'l9~~1,merit .1:t·aqR · H
r:~ARTICLE .2at'.A~SISTANCE BY
;.<;.>FLABOR ~D M.-?-_~PQWER.STUDles· ·...
TH~- .INSTITUTE'
, ·
f: C(?Dl;,, Art. 280).
-·· ·
.
. · · ·· :
.
· · ~1._A ,J . · . )"r
11.1TMre··is ·110 more .Institute of Labor and, Manpower
,·-'. ,jtf. ~· ''.l·'''"'~·.,, .
. · · R d 4·.if'd ·0f'fl,[1:t::-:-..i:.:., :-""'Sti:1u1es~·lts·powersand functions are novv pe11orm
.. 'f . .,~ . .· ; . ,(.. ·~ eel
i:" 8· 11
_ ,m_prQved·Of!~.r a otmg Y.· e,.~~~- If''{(_
i\~ ···,.
.. · by.the Institute for Latiw S_tu.die~creat~, by virtu_e of
·

I
; .
· l;!~l.lo,tr,~-- EO. .. . ..
No. ;?51. issued ~- cin ..!uly:2_5,
.
1987.
., . .
· · . ·· .· · ·
.... . ',

.. ...
~-- 1. ·· Tei"" .determine f· ... ·· To ~etermine ·.
f. whether. . or
not" the ·w1:i~th~r or not . the .
- '-·
...
f . i_mprov_ed ciffer of .the. in:iproved .,_ ofter . cjf .. the
;

E' : employer j~ acc~pt~ble" union is. -acceptabl~ ·to

[: · to·the union members... board, truste.es and
t·· · 2 . · To -~scertain partners;.· ..
·~· ...
j: .. :. · :the real ·. sentiment o( 2. . .. To ascertain the
f.. the silent ma[ority 'of "nial -sentiment qf the ~ileht ~- .
f. Jt.ie· l:niion m~mpers on, m13)o_rlty ._of ·-, ~e"-_. u~ion
f . .stiik~. ·. ·, . . . members oh sr~k~, ..
t
'. :~Un_.or.• l',efo~~ :ui_E:.30'.h. On-or before the 30th day

t
~ . · d~y .of·the strike .. ·. .. of1h~ lockou.t.· ·

.I
:

~
l..
.· (LABOR_CODE, Art.. 280). · ."

-·
2019 .SAN BEDA.L.AWCENTRALIZED BAR:OPERATIONS 141
 . .
·LABOR RELATIO.NS
SAN BEDA LAWCE;f{fRAUZED BAR QPERATIONS - h1EMORY AID 2019
511 s.C . . I A WMi LA30PA ii, 140 - AMUR& MN

ARTICL,E 286: APPLICABILITY TO · FARM

TElilAt\lTS)\ND RURAL WORKER~ .
.The· provisions· of this· Title pertainlnq . to. foreign
. . organizations and activities shall be· deemed
CHAPTI;~ TH~E.E: .FOREIGN ACTIVJTIES . applicable likewlse . to all orqanizations , "of. farm
ARTICLE .284:· PROHIBITION ·.AGAINST ALIENS, tenants, rural workers',and thellke: Provided, that in
EXCEP1IONS- · . . . . . . .
appropriate cases, the Secretary of-Agrarian Reform
General Rule: All aliens, natural or juridi~I as well . shall exercise the powers and re,sporfai~ilities vested
as foreign organizations are strictly prohibited from by thfs Title· "in · the. Secretary of Labor' (LABOR
engaging ii}· al~_forms oftrade union.activitie_s without CODE, Art: 286).. ~- .
p_r::ejudfce·to ncrmal contracts between the Philippine
.Jabor unions and "reqogni.zed . international labor . CHAP.TER FOUR: PENALTIES FOR.\(l_<>L/\TION'·.
· qenter:s (LABOR CODE, A,,:t, 284). ;·, . .
. . .. . . . . . '· · ART!CLE 287:·PgNALT!ES:. ': . · ·'. . .·
· E~ception~. .". .. . . . . . . Regular Courts have [urlsdiction over. any. qrtminal
.. Aliens who: · , .' ·. · ·. . .actlorr under Art." 287 9f. the . Labor qode · (2
· .1. Woik.in the 'counfry.With.valld permlts issued by AZUCENA, supra.·at _730). . · . , . . · .
· · _the-:-ooLE;: ·· 111ay exercise· the' right. to: s~lf- . ': r .
:~rgaAization and ·· join ~ or assist . la bo~_.Liability · of Persons .Coinm.lttil')g Prc>hi_bjted.Acts
. . . o~gariizations of tt:ieir; own c~oosing {or,~Jl.eefi~ 1T , . ~1f:er-~_rlicle279. · > · . . · ·•.. • .• _ . • . • . _. •·.
bargaini_ng (LAB,OR.'C.ODE,· Ar!! _2<"~#Varit\.._ . U
J\/F!ffe.;9~ot les·s.'thari .P1,.000. nor more than
2, '. _Are naflonals 5>f a.ccuntry Wt)ich 91a~t~{}~.~am~,.=..=.-:...--~ lt10,~00.)~li)i::IIOr . . '. .
. 9r- si~ilar ri~hts · to _Filipin~~ckeft.,.;~BOR ·. ~·:·~R~~nm'e,_,:i:~. for not less ·th.an'· 3 months.' nor
. COD~,,Art . .284! as emend« b'yxf!:~:po. ,.W,J.5;,_'J~~-"""""-!J!,Or'e,1h~~ yfl'~rs. .· . · · .: :·.
Sec·.'-->91-1I· . ·· ,,, r ~-- ·ti~ ,~,,.,,. . c..r• . "="\,· :~. :-.,iA t-. . . . . .
. ' · .f:k,"' ',jY ml . ~ W fl ~•·f'cbJ) ·~
,. · -. . : . :':-· . : '. if· z-, .J! lfli. .ft~· ,Ufahe pelson~~i_~(corivteted··is.c! fore.fgner:· . . '-
A~TIC.LE 285: .· R.l;,GULATION. !,)F FOREIGN ~~ 1. · He ihalt b~5's~Sle\tedto immediate summary
ASSIS"tANCE . · · {F"):7f · . .
No foreign.indi\lid_ua!,_otgani1ati9..q,~r:e,:itity~a9;:g!¥.e-·~,'ji_ t~~"¥1e
t-~ . ·
~-·-.-aeporfation;\~nct
..i1..]· ...i° \\ .' .
.. ~ill .b,e ~e.nnaq~ntlybar.red fro,:n..re:-ent~f.ing
· . .
~k~\. l
~ny don~trol'ls~ gr~n~s or otP.E:r.J.~X1?11s o,t as$Jsta~£.~ .
_rr:i ca~_h C?~ in. kind~. d1tect!y_o{ ·1f,i~~f~.t1Y,r~~-'~-bc,f~~~-~r'il~f~tof/Jhe Phjlippin.es.
. : orgal'.llZatron, group Of. W<;>~i9~h~f.~f;,!~a\X.iP,"3~
. !he~eo!; .S\.ICh as coop_ijr~tiv,f.s.i t';~~Jt. u~~~~-~11~ J(.(~.JJ.fa.6.l.iPn-
rnstitutiq~.s -~~g~ge? '!:1. _..re~~.arqh_.:\~<;lu~t~~-tL'!il ! . ·'j?.r;9_§.e:cy:t(on.
l
the. i!ou(ltryJith-~lil'l--Y,es·p·edal·perm1~~iqn ·ofthe.

t ,d"• - - :P ;/.;:>/ .J/

~,Jd r . ·: ·. ." .':. · · . .
-~~de0l;>pi" proyi~i~m shall preclude
. :·.

f,9r the ~f!11!3 ac~ un9~r ._the RP<;;, and

:. . ·
!
!
1 .
!
!

C<?mmunrc_ation, m__r.el_~tlon .t~ l~d~ u~n.acli.yJt1~~~~~e€~e'~rsa· 1£4.BOROODE,.Arf.·287}... .· .·. ·.. ·: ..

witti9_ut prror. perrn,ssron.by Jnes~e_cr!:!!afY~ort~~o.~~h ·.. . · . l ·· · ._. .· · - · ·:·
. (LA~Of?:GOD~. A.rt." 285)::: .. _·. ·. ' . /{r~,-~,, ..4\~i;t~Jef287~.b)'~;.Art~C?l.e ~~?· . .. ·. ,. ._.
.. •
:·
. ·~·r;~e .Li~ic;>~:.;icti~jt(es:•Shall.~~~.
.1. '- Organrzation, forma,t_lon and.· ?,d_mrnrsfr.atjg{i_of
·.:-~·~·v,.·. ,. ·{lV.rd:r . -/:~~·:...::-,, . ..: . ·: h.. .-: '
I '
t. A. ... ··.(f. ·:· · ·):1· d.
· · · · .. ·labq~ c:>rganization; : . ·. . ·. ·, ·.. . . -~--==-"' ~ore.1g~e.:-~ ,";'. o _v1o1·~ e_. _ 1·., .rens .o.r.~rgners ,. ?LI~ __ .
2 .. Negot_iation an·q .·administrati9n ·of collective·.·.: ,tt:ie proy.r~!~.n of Titl,0. 8 JJullt~.shall ~E3 ~-~111~a!.'IY.
· .· . baf.galnirig agi'e.ements~ . -. (Strik,es,.. Lpckoufs an_</. dep<)fl$~ < . ·,.: ·. upon
.• · .3_. Alf forms of concerted.union action; · Fo_re1gn 117.yol":et!lr!!{ ,n co_inpletio11-of._s_erv1ce.of
. · .. . . ·.. ·4. · 'Org-~Jiiziri$,-: ma.ri~ging;_ · . or . ass!sting. anion·.·. Trade Umpn A;ftN1t1es) .sentence ..-·· · ·
· ·. · . convenljon~. rne.effngs;-ralfies, referenda, teach- .. . shaj_l . _be_ ·$_1,11::iJe~t · to
· : ins; seminars, ·conferences·qnd instit1,1tes; · . 1rrmed1a.te an~ summ_ary
5. ,An'y ·form· of ··participati.on or involvement in . Ld...:..e...;.p_o.. c_·rt_a_,t..,_ro_n....:..·-.,.....:...'
---,---.....1..~~-----,--...._..,J
· repr~sentation proceeqings,_ ·repr!;)seritation . (2 AZU9tNA, supra at 730).
;,elections,, consent· ~1.eict,ion.s, union electi_oQs;· · - '· ·
· · and ·: TIT.LE NINE: S~EC'JALPROViSION~._-: .. '··:
· . ·6." .. Other a~tiv1ties.:. or. -action~ ." ~Dalo9ous to,- the. . .. . ~ .
foregoln·g·(LABOR CODE, M. 285(f:1)). · · ARTICLE ~sa:' STUDY OF LABOR MANAGEMENT
• • r • • • • ·~ .t •
1'
R~J-.ATIO~.s_: · ... ~. '; . . . . . . . .. : .· . . . . . .
.:This· :prohibition -shall equally: apply to. fore_ign ·Ti,e·Seere1ary of"Labo·r.shall have th'3 powerand it
· donations, gr~nts· 9r. oth·er forms ·of assistaryce, in shali·be his. a\Jty to-inquire ioto:.· · ·:· :: · ··' · ·· · ·.
. cash oi' ·in·. kind, given -dlfe.ctly:er indi~ectly "to. any. . . r 1: · :The existing relations "between e.mployers· and
employeror-e.mpl6yer's· o~ganization to support any · · ··· · . em_pl~yee_s in the Philippine's; · · .... ·. · ·
ac_tivity or activities affecting ttade._µnlons· (L~BOR ·
CODE, Art. 285(b)). . ·. .

:· ~42 2019 SAN BEDALAW CENT~ALIZED:·BAR OPERATIONS: .

 +naw <- 1-1 iMi.ii& +WiAF
•
LABOR R'EtATIONS
. · . SAN BE()~ LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPEIIAT/Ofl'S- MEMORYAID-2019
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illilllllll
~_-m11,i:tc1ta>BIE·l!Efil!li-!llll
A1ii2zt l!-lllftDS!&\il
IJud!!:IIIW!iZ, dlillili
:Z#rillME·l!INIIIP,1:il _
;af~;pq~&Dffii,: fr!Mlml!il!llll~illllli~~-
}s::&1iiffi#llll!!JlllE&!lll!IIIIH13cit
mH!IIIUIIIIIUIISSJ .i. •

The growth. of ·associatipns of. employees and 1.

.Such kind represe~tatiqn in the 'policy-making
the effE)ct of such associations t1p,_on employer- bodies Qf private.enterprises is'nol ordained, not
' employee relations; eve'n . by 'the· P.tiil. Constitution ·and does not
The extent and results of the methods of mean'representatioli in the corporate-board .. :·
.collective bargai.ning in. ·the determination of 2·. Wtiat is provided is wor!<er's. participation in
terma and conditions of employment; policy and .d.ecision~ma.king. pr.ocess ·dite(Etly ·
4. THe methods which have · been tried · t;>y affecting• th~ir rights, benefits and welfi;ire (2 ·
. · employers and associatlons .of employees for AZU,CENA; sµpra at ~34) .....
. maint,;Jinfng mutually satistactory' relations;.
5. · Desirable industrial practices. which have been Tripartism is· . observed . in the foliowing :
'developed through · colleclive bargaini11g . and governm!3nt agencies: . _ .
.ot~.~rvollinJ.ary,arran~13me~ts; . .. . . 1 .. NL~c;·.. . . .. · ·: · .., - · .
The, possibleways__ of incre__asinq-the usefulness : . ··2: National Wages· and, Productivity Commission
. and efficiency..of oouecuve bargaining for settiing (NWPC); • . . . . . ' · : .
differences; . · . 3. · ~mployees Compensation Cornmlssion (ECC)';
,'. 7. "Theposslbtllties for the adoption of practical and 4.. · POEA Gover.nitig'Board; · - . ·. ·
..t · . · ·
,...
effective . methods · of _ labor . management
.cooperation: .
· 5.· Phili'pph1~: Health Insurance. Corporation;'·.
6; Social SecuritY. Commission; and· ··.
1t. 8. ··Any other . 'aspects -of: employer-employee . . .. 7.· _GSl$'Board of Trustees (ki.}.
relations concerning the promotion 'of harmony· /'~ .. : . .. . ;. . . . . • . . .
.
. ..
and. understanding between the parties: .and ,.y.r,;:·:tr - Functions of Tr~part!te 1_11pustnal Peace Councils
· 9'. .·Tne· relevance of labor·_laws_ and .laqot r.ela,\ip;iji('?: )TIPCl:. ~eP_~e~entab?~ otwptkers an~ employers .
to natlonal development (LABOR CODE IAr.t..: -.'1.!\ m decision and pol19y-mak1ng bodies of th~
288'. . . . · . .. ·. ' \l .t: /_ 1 ') go,ver~!fif?nt (LABOR CODE, Art. 29f:J). ..
I -_,v {' .. ,-..,.,-.,.-~ f~"'- . .
· . .. . . . . . · .. /-:Y ~- TP,~Ari1:iime•2'9'f GOVERNMENT-EMPLOYEES·
_A~T,J~LE 28~: \{ISITQRIAL POV\.f_ER~_,..}:;/ The _t~.-~~~d. condition .{Ji . ~m_ploym~nt. of all: :of
. • . - . . . . . \<.,,A""'' . ,.,,.,.> j -. goyernme11l.1r'ti:iPloyees, including employee~ of
V_1s1t9r,ialPo~er lJ.nder_Art!cle 128 Y,)~ft,ch:]~~ ,~\ go~er!')meJ;lt-0.w~ed - _ amt :c._ontroJl_ed -corporations,
1.-! .sha!l be gi,ilveHneq\bythe C1v1I Service Law, rules·and ·
ii,\· regulatiofis. \. l.. i . . Jf
nIi .. »-~ . . . . .. .
' .
.· .

· P,E)rtain_~
administrative·
:\q Spe~R~ of.erifo'r6b.ine~Yof,
·1aw or'-te.gu~tl~1:telatiriW ..
. F: .
A~ii'Qt~:%[~~}-~J;ELL~NE<n.1.sPROVISIONS ·.
,h:l
N_ot_e.: Ai:ti"cle'.1.i92{!5)·speaks__ of ;,~atu:tory _pro~e~t.ir<;1.I
. enforc'ement'of:' r
only to ti~~nci'iiU:1otiyities . :i <iµe: proce_ss:_to b'e . o,b_se.rv~d·.I~ tenrun~tn:ig an ..
{ · ·. 'l_abor. . _Code and · .. rec_q'r\J~~..?l~~ labor ·•. _l; :::;i~IJl;PJ~~ee_.t,m_~er arJY · of the ·ground~ .pro~1~ed· for
Provisions .· · . organizations,.......... , ,,.....:,,- """'•·· .~.,~l,!f:life,ih~Wqle. 297 (4u~t. QausesJ qr. ~rt1cle ,298
·2.' All labor laws··. •,''/"·
11·•' .
. /.\11/'
/ .. ,,- ----.t~othorlzeif . . . . . . Causes). ·(Wab
. ·. Yuen
·,. Restaurant
. ... v..
.i . ·.wage.. ,·qrd.ers · \f:_. ,;J!{
. " Jayon_a, G.. R. No_, ·159f4fJ(. Dec,ember-. 16, -2005): ..
or employer· ~!~~- --

~staplishme,:it.s.
Inspection ·may be Requires . a ·· .·sit.(om POST;.EM:PLOYMENT .
. . !"·· •~ .
dqne . . through . . the .cqmplc;!int· filed and .

.r··
:.. ·
t:>Oi.E.'s.ir:iitiative supported by at least·20% .
·of- . the . organizations' . TITLE ONEi TER~INATION.OF'EN!P~OYMENT

f.t".
!?.
·rnembe_rship ·
Note: In-Art'. 244, 30% is
ARTiCLE
. . .
.293:
.:_
COVERAGE.
... :-"

lo,
required ... to' . sµpport ·.ART1c1:.e.294~·sEc_uRiTYoF TENURE .: ·
I(_.,'·.·
(•:
violation ·· of · member's . In cases' ofr(lgular e_r'nploynient, the ,el"(lpioyer shall
~:.. not termi,:iat~ the ~er:vicesof an.employee ·except for
~·t ·.· .
. (2 AZUCENI\ supra at 732).
· fights:.
a jiJst cause or wnel') authorized by· this Title. An
-empioyee who .is unjustly dismissed from wcirk ·sha·u ·
, \.
,~ .
. '.

'ARTICLE 290:. TRJPART~SM,···TRIPARTITE

be ·entitled fo' reinstatement without.loss· of seniority.
f. ·
,.•' :.
CONFERE.NCES,.AND TRiPARTITE INDUSTRIAL.
rjghts and .other privileges._and to his.full backwages,
inclusive. of.alfowances,an_d_.~o his oth~r be.nefits or
l
f,
.
,,,.,.:·
.PEACE COUNCILS . .
Trip~rtis·m is the. repre$entatipn of the three ~ectors
- the. p'tJblic or the ,.government, .th~ employers, and
. th'eir monetary eqt,Jivalent computed from· .the time
his compensation was withheld from hini l.Jp to the
t.t tir,:ie of his a_ctual·reinstatem_erit (LABOR COD£, Art.
f'; the . workers · i.n pplicy-making· bodies· of the· 294).
r. goverrirnent:' · ·
f; .·
11::..
. 2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR <;)PERATIONS 143
.
.
'
 . .
LABOR RELAT.IONS·
· SAN BEDA LA1:VCE~TRALIZEDBAR·PPERATIONS- MEMORY·AlD.;io,"9

Note:. Not every performance .of services for a fee
creates an employer-employee retatlonship, Tohold
that" every person who renders· services to another
for a fe~ is an '·employee- to' give. meaning" to ttie
. security of tenure· clause- ""'.ill lead !o.absurd'results
(Son{a v. ABS-CBN $roadcasting Coip., GR. No ....
138051, June 101 2004}. . . _ .. ·.
· Eff~ct of the Reversal,of La~or.Arbiter'~Decision. : ~
· to the Reinatated'Bmployee .· . · · ·,
Where the decision of .the Labor Arbiter reinstating
.tne.employee was reversed on appeal l?i.the NLRC; · ·
.the Supreme Court ruled that 'it is· Obligatory on.the
part of the.employer to.reinstatethe employee arid
. · pay his-wages durinq tne periodof appeal until the.
decision .. of the Labor 'Arbiter is reversed by. the
· higher or highest court. Further, the· court ruled, ttiat
- the · Labor" Ai:biter's order of, · reinstatement is ..
. irnmediatety executory, 'and no· writ of. execution'is'
necessary. "to . "implement' . the· said _or.der of
. reinstatement ·.(Garci~ .v, Philippine 'Airline$;· tnc.,
-GR: No: 16485(3,Jariuary.20, 2909),
• • I~ t . • ' • •

Actual .or 'pay_,011\2011 Actu.al""(eiris)atem~ni or . : .

NLRC Rules . · . of separation pay in. lieu i;,f.
Procedure, "Rdle XI, .relnstatement -,~~IR) . C.our:t may :pider the. R~fn'state~c:in"t eYen if the ..
Sec. Prayer of the-· Complafrit. di~. not Include auch . ·
. 12) .: . .. . · . :· . .. : ·;. .. . ·. ·. Relief · r . . ·. ., . . . ' ·: · ...

· . So long as there is. a findihift)'l~t the .~rn-ployeewas · .

Forms .o"f° Reinstatement:. . . illegally. dismissed,_: the. court" "cari"_ order. 'the" · .
· 1.. Actual ." or. Physical Reinstatement t: .. the· . . reinstatement of an employee eve'Fi jf Jhe complaint
. . .ernployee shall be·:admftted back to work. . • -·_doe_i:'; not incl(Jd~ a· prayer.for reinstatement;'i.inless•.
~- · . P~}lrOII Reins'tatem~nt:... th·e "err1ploy_eei.s merely os course,. the employee has· waived his' right. to
reinst_afed in . the. payroll (University- : of reinstatement. ~y- law, an employee "who is_ .unjustly
Immaculate Concepcion,· inc: 11; · Hon'. $ec. of· dismissed i_s· ·er:ititled·--,to .. reinstaten:ient, . among ..
· Labor, .GR.No. 151379, Ja.nuary_.14, ~005).•. · others. Th~·m·ere-fact that tt;,(! complaint (1id not pray
·fo~- _reinstatement will not preil:ldice the.' e_mployee;.·

144 ~019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRAUZED BAR OPERATIONS

 .LABO-R ·RELATIONS
-· · SAN 8£0~ LAW C£NTRALIZ£D BAR OP£1Vl'rl0NS. - M£Mf)RY AID 2°01!) :
~.~.. Oll'lfi . . . . MW Mi f I
·~··. because· technlcalitles of law. and procedure are Components of - SPIR ·.. per · prevailing,
· .}r · frown~~ upon ln labor proceedings (General Baptist jurisprudence · .
1f:. Bible Col/e{Je v. NLRC, G.R: No. 85:534-, :March 5, 1. The .arnount equivalent to at' least· t-rnonth
'&.: 1.993), · · . salary or to 1 -month salary 'for" ev~ry year of
-k:·, service, whichever is higher, a frac.tionof at least
· N~te:. If there is an· order of
reinstatement but the· -- 6. months being considered as 1 whole: .year
position is nolonger'av.a.ilable,.the employee should (SouthEas.( International Rattan, Inc. v; Coming,
be gi"'.en a substantlally equivalent · position.. If. no . G.R. No. 186621, March 12, 2Q14); .
. ·substan.t,ally . equivalent position· . is. ·availab}.e,. 2. ·Alfowan.ces that. the · employee has been
reinstatement- should. not be· ordered ·because that receiving on a regular basis. (Planters Products,
would in .. effect' coinpet . tlie employer to. do 'the . 'Inc. v. N~C. · ~.R: No.: 7.8524, January ,20,
impossible. In such a sltuatlon/the employee should 1989). · · ·
merely be.given separatlori pay consisting' of.one (1)
: month -salary for.
every ye.ar.of service.(1 :·1°)' {Grolier Period C,:ivered . . . . .
· rnt;I inc. V, Executi~e LatiorAttiiter,ciR. No. 83523, 1. From first day._ of employment up tothe date. of
Augu~f31. ·1_9(J9).. . · .finality_ of: deci~ion .(Agricqltural:and. Industrial
. Supplies ,Corp.. v, Siazar; .G:R.. No.·. 177970r
Separation pay_'!~ lieu of Reinstatement (SPIR) - August 25, 20-10).. _. ··. . . . . ..
Ari. ·29'4 expressly mandates only reinstatement 'ar.id 2. .Whe~ ernptoyer.' has · already", ceased .. its
never the alternative remedy of ·separation p~y i~,;fP) ... operations after the dismissal·. of employees, it .
lieu.thereof, Bu_tj~ris_p~ud~nce clearly enynciate~)ll.~~~·t · must be .computed. only up to. the time the
~V'<(ard'of:~eparaµo_n ~-a~ttn .l~e.event remstate'.J}e.rtn't·,-!1\ . employer ceased ~per~tions. · . . ·
~s ~He,:1s1b.le. ~ndemagly,.1~is.a recourse base~1?_11:/·~ ·t·j . '" .. · . . . :
eci1,1i1y that' has been · sanctioned by the Supren,J~,·• '' .1;..:~R-~.~som l:J:1.~computation must be ·based on the
Cour·~-_;n· a .._ci'.)tena Qf -cases. (-Session D1:;lig1J.t~Jq~·~.'it,:i.dS.t.Jf'.$:.ff.i?~P~1ays when Po.ly_mer wa.s. in. act~al

. Februar.y8; 20_10). . · ·
;j
Cream and .Fast Fo.04s _v._ CA G.R. ljp::fr7_2149, ~i .; ope~atton!:-~~-nnotbe held hab_!~.~~ p;3y:separatton
. (-::>--- . > ;11;,i --:>·! pay beyoric;l;,,s.Pi;:h·closure of. bus mess !)ecause eyen
_ . . . · · : . . : . . . ' .. · , . . ;/),.{1 _.h .)<:'·· 1~\ if . the ill~ga~IY\dismissed -en:ipJoyees .would. be.
l~staf1ces··~-henSPIR wa~_awar~~!t~> .J>~<: . H! · r.~m.st~teg!-thfY ~9u19.not P~.s~1bly_w~~k beyond. t_l:'ie
1
1 . .-\tVhe~ ~f!lploy~r;'.s_ ~~s1ne s._:(.fi~~-·-~~~ljed~tr~ow~: -k~\. . time -oqthe ~ces~tion of. rts _operat1ori_. (Polymer,
'. ... _(¥~n!la . J_ockey .Cll!b -~-rtf.a1an'µ"~-R- Np_.. , 1 ~-,J- Rupber,r CO(P· .. !)d_. Jqsep/J. Ang. ".'· .Bayo/o
. -1°??,9f!?;·June 2~,. 2<>·1-~);-'t'Y. :=·: . :1:..~~) ·· ~:'°:.. ~-;~~ SalaFif(!;'Jiii~.•,ig;f}J~:#-?1851'60,Ju/y-~4, 201_3). ·.- ...
2, · -Remst~tementca_nnofbeeff.i;;.eg:irr.':'i~r' o~~h~ :_ l·-1( · ·.'-<!.·~~~ · ... . · · . · '. · .- · .
· .l?n9·_pa~_s<;1~e_of trme·or be'caaij~f£tf!~.l~eaht1ef.s·:. ·j;f. . Salary !'3te to be_ us~~ m the_ cornpu(abon .
· of the srtualjon_;. ,_ · _ ·. ·· ~ r, ):-\ ·• . - .k-I.J1e·salai:y _rate prevailing at·th.e-Emd of-the p.enod of-
.. _3 ... !hat·-.if woul~ .' be inim_iC:al. ·_to .th'~e,_r~ploy!;r's_j~;.v_;,.:.R,~_ti~x~·serv.iceshould n.e th.e b~si~ for co'r'rip~_tatfo~
· .· : · 1nt~rE:st; . • . : . . . . . . · (;r:; -. ~ /i1-ff---'-~ll~~h--r-e(ei)ito· t~e. pe~u;>d o( impute~- se,:v1ce for
4 .. R!:lUJS~atementi:nay_no.longerbe·f~~;;1bleil""' .·.. . wh1Ch.·the employee-_ is entitled. to ~bac,kwages·.
5, . · !t · w~I. hot sarve· the bes! interest of'.Jll\~~9rties (Masag~na ·c01:,crete· Pr_oducts v. NLRC, G. R.. No. ·
· / involved;' . _;__. ·. ·. ·. · • ,__ - · · 106916, Sep(embef·3, 19~9), · ·· ·
6. Comparjy. ;will · be _prejudiced bY. ·.tne · · ·· · · ... · · · ·
:reinstatement;·, ·_. -. . · ., ·. . · Note: · Award or' separation . Pc!Y in --lieu· of
7. .it .will )'ior·$-erv,e·~ p(uden't purpose; · . ·. · . is
reins!atemeflf j;q1ot prcipe'r'if. thire 'no _rjndirig :of .
8~ That':tnere ~re, -s~rainet,l relations }Doctrin~ p_f . illegality of disl'l'iissat .-Tllis · is · s·o · because. the·
· .. Strained Relatf.on~);Were.the·. ·employee has-. · principal rsrnedy. Of . retnstaternent· may· Of'1ly· -be .
· ·. already been replaced· permanently by a regular · ~ranted in :ca·se thE:i dismi~sal · is. illega!' '(Leopard
_.· .... ~mployee·- ar:,d:· .'tt,~re .. is.-: no, _sub$.t.anti'a'lly. · Securityand fnvestigafion-Agen.¢y. v.· Qui(oy,·,G.R ..
· :eqi;ii~alent·; position.·· to .wt)ich·· he: may · be NQ, 186344i'Februa:r20,.2013).: · · · · · ·
~. rein.stated( ·. .. . . .. ·; . . ! . _, •. .

J _ .· 9. iWhere;ihe dlsrriissed ·erriploye~·~ position is ·-no

l(?ng~r available at: ttie· tim~ of .reinsfa,tementfor
~mployer does· not haye . ~he· ·option to _choose .
· between actual reif1$.tatem~n\ and separation. pay in .

·
!;!:- • ·:. • reasons not attributable to the ·fault· of· 'the · : - li~u thereof .. Ac:tual reinstatement has tbe. primacy as .. ·

r-i;. ·
1':. . 11:
·.' . . em'j::,loyer: , · .
1.0. Injury or disal;>if!ty: of ~a.employee;-·.
The
.... . _ .

einploy'ee has already reached retirement-

_ .
· · . ·.
. ~he · prop~r.. reii.et· t~ .w)lich an. illeg~l_ly. aisrnis.sed ..
employee· is entitled:· Payr:nent of.separati_on·pay-·'
·. · s:hould -.be ordered :only in the event tt,'at there ..is·· a .

1
·>:-;
·,_
·
·
_ag13. urjder ·a Re~irem~nt Plan; · · :·
.· ·· ·12·. -D~alh oJthe iJl.~gallydisrnissed emP.l~yee: ,
·· 13. s·~te Of the <:9mj)ariy; or.
14. ·. lnsolveoi;:y ·of the GOinpany·. {CHAN. Pre-week
. Notes on Labor Law {2~1'8), p.61).
· .

·
. ··

··
showing that reinstatement' is n.ci longer·possible ·by
··. rea-s9n· :.. of the ·jJ.istificcltions
e.s.rablishe~jurisprodence. (JCJfu}son & Johnson PH~
·a1.10Wed ·... ·uncfer··

Inc. v. johnson ()fflce ·& S.q/es Uoion-FFW,.G.R. No.· :

. · 1727Q9, jury~. 2007),: .·

. 201~ SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I 145

 • 1¥1¥

LABO'R ·R.ELATIONS ·
• .,,#steH

SAN BEDA·J.:AWCElflr!AllZED.BAR OP,~TIONS- M~ORYAI.D2019

MPHWICW2¥fiMFS
"' 1, ..
:i~
Dottrlne' of Stral'ned·R~lations actual reinstatement or pay;oll reinstatement. In the
.. Under the circumstances where _the relationship of i.atter, there· lsno such option (2 AZUCENA, supra at
emptoyerto employee is so strained and ruptured as 1014): : . . . .. . . . ,. . · . . . ·.,
to . preclude ·a harmonious working 'relationship
should rejnstaternent of the employee be decreed, · Backwages is a remedy affofding the employee a
the latter should be affordedthe right to separation W'!lY to recover what he has lost by reason of the .
pay so that he canbe spared the agony of having to unlawful dismissal (Tiinoted Sarona v. "NL.RC, 'G.R..
workanew with theernployer undef an· atrnosphere. . No. 18.52[JO, 'January 1_F),_ 2012}. · . ·
. of antipathy and antaqonisrn and the employer does
: not have .to; endure the continued services' of the . Note:·-- E'ntitler,nent to backWages of the illeg·ally
employee in whom it has lost confidence. (Esma/in v. dismissed' employee flows frorn law. Even if he does
Nl.:.RG, _·G.R. No.· 67[)80~ Sf otember 15, 198_9).: · . not ask for it,. it may be .given. The-failure to claim
backwaqes in the corriplalnt.for illegal dismissal is a
.. R13quisites: .. . . me.re procedural la.pse which-cannot defeat .a right.
1 :·: The employee concerned occupies .a positlon , . granted under , .substantlve law . (St. Michael's
·,. -where be enjQ}!S 'th~ trust and confldenceof his ·. . fnstita(e v, Santo's, G.R. No. 145280,"December 4,
· ·empLoyer: and: · ,-- · . · . :,: · : · . zoosi: · .
. 2. -ff. rein~t.ate<;f,."an. 'atmosphere' _of antipathy and · · . . . .
: 1 • antaqonism 'may be generated as to _ad11.ers~~"=•P~ornputat'fon of Backwaqas · .
· ... · aff.ecf. the· efficiency' and productivi~i'l(af'·t11e":l'LJ. . ~rrs;t~~p,utedfrom the time of: the iJlegat dismissal
·· · employee concerned ($fobe~Mack~y¢ab[e_.and ~... . \,to'·lTme-::O(~ctualreinstatement. If reinstatement is :
f.
. · f:?ad,io Corp.:'{- NLRC, G.R. 'No. '{JQ'5.:(J?¥(rfh;J~rr-;.,. . ~;1~ge·ij8.9~~i.~~e.it' is cpmput~d until finality of the
-1992).
. . .. .
. · /~;,,. y~~: / ... eGi~~l(St.J,0~el}_hAcademyof'(alenzuela·Faculty
·. . · .· .. f . :Q£ · .~_;,--""~':°"A'S°SQ.qj,~fion ..f'>'St.. '¥J.(2Seph Academy ~f. Va/em;ue/a;_
I
I.
Eve!1 1n cases of 1lle:ga1 ~1sr11!§~Jr-«tl:iffdoprlne, 1 4 ~·R, No. 18-2.,"g!;tl;'[~i))~_e13,. -2Q13). · . . ·
. straine~ relati.on~·· is not. ap~~fi~ inEIJ~rimi6ci!tely _J.s . ~\. · . \ . :\.f. : \\ .. . _ ·
to. bar reinstatement, espec1~ily wh~fl the Jmpl'Oyee ~
has not indicated an aversiom ioJ~t~rrilngt~ofR"'pr· . •. Tneoaikwage~
Rule on ,~ac~'l.(ag~ ·.'l
'10.,,,.p <;1warded shoulq riot be
. · ··
doe.~,not·oc.cupy a position' 4't<rfist(nd conqden~~n 1~ · t~11@'iinis~;,r or. re~~ced:~,~arilings.elsewhere d.!-!ring
·or has no· say in the operat~q.Q-"Q'fthe erqploy~rJ;_ , • ~'e pj?riW, of hisn11e9a <l)smi~I. The r.eason is that I
b1.fsirie~s · ~ (Le?p~rd· SeoiffilY:"-4~0. ny., $!f2.'!.!!9.!'...,~~
Agency v, Quiloy, ·G.R. · Not 1,81 9~4:~, .
t~=A
~rv:ef.ki~e. W~ils: )~fg_c~ti~~ the·. iflegality_ ?f his
'fo,);Ja'?' 20 ~'.l.~'sff11s·siL~ust11:Af1ll¢~rj'ia ·1tvmg _to S!;!pport himself
I
!
2013).! · ,·:-' . .. \\.JJ_., \ . -~~\\,.~:· ;( v: CA,
.:{:j;i91~~~Jlnily,(Buen7111·'/Jje G.R,No. 147806,
·. .· · . · .. · -...~~·. . ~k:, "'}!'~ . , . ,.;,;,g,%~15er,..12#2002). · . : ·. ·. · ·
· Note: . _Under··:present :4aw~ .. and '..ju,~~pmcl~· -~·- . ,/fe':y~ >1 · . . . .
_ · Sl,!J?a~a!1Qn: p_ay.may b_e_v1e~e~ I · ,f9u~ W~%..i.: . . .S'(>j-~~~l<l)JSm the C'otyiputatfon of .Bac~w;:,iges
· · .· . · . . .
.
· ·. 1.'. hJ hElu of.re_mstatem·en~in 1lleg~;91i;,~1;,sa.l«s_a_~-~"'Mi._p6u~\~ ~efclar~d t~~t t~e _ba~e f1~ure ·~o be
. . · w~e,re · th&· employee IS _orderec3~1~w~e.cCJ'i~t>~.-:~ed(INl:\:.'5Pfli~~t~ti'?n of. b~.c~ge·s._d~e. to· the
· ·•..· .. r.emsta~ern~nt is not-feasible'. . "~,_,j-:,/J · . :'\,. l: A,~~l~ye~sifo.uld_ mel_uae not Just_ the bas1_c .salary,··
f
'.2. /fa- employer's statutory· obhQaUon · ,r:i · ~S,e§_ gf. 1 l.t.btl\~Jsef the. regular a!lowances that he ~a~ b~en
· legal. termination· ·clue . to· autho'l'i?:ed. c~use~· · ~r,'e'cei'-'.ing·such. as .the· emergei")cY· living allpv,,~nces
. , . · · under Arts ... 297 and 298; '.; '· · · .. . . .'. : . · a·nd. ttie ·:·f3th~month pay mandated· under ttie law
... 3.. As fina~cial ·assistanc!3, '. as . an a.ct .o( ·.social .· . (Par.ari1Qt:11Jt Vinyl 'Pr.QC/uct ·corpo'rafion v_s. · NL,RC,
. ·justice and even in ~a's~,of.legal dis~missal under. · G.R: No: 8tf2.00, Ocic;iber/'1, 19.90). ·; · .· ·· ; ·
Art. 296· and · . · - · , • · · · ·. ·. · · · · · .. : ·' ·
4 .. As e'm~loyme~t b~nefi't g'ranted' in: CBA · or .. R~lnsfate!"ent V,. s:ackwag~~
· company policy .. .{2'A:ZUCENA,'
:·
supra a·( 953). .. - -
-~~tef. · The_r~ ' .. 9re · differer:i~s . · betv1,een a_ . ·. · ·· . ·Restores· the ·em Jo ee Allows ·. ·. the Saine·
_ · ·~emstaternent order_pt?rsuan_t !~· Art· 229 an1 ~t..· who': :-w.a:s. :-~~ju~th;. eofpioye~ :...fo .' ..recover
. . . 294 .. The .fo.r~er ~roy1_des for ..remstatem?nt which JS. : . , dismiss·~d.to the position 'frQni'.'tl:te.. employer that
. ordereq: by_ \h~ Labor _.Arbiter . .Re~r1S!c'!te_ment . 'fri:>r'n whic~ he .. was which h~.had iost by'waY
pending app~al ,s self-exec_utory. In .the latler., it is- ·remov d . (i·e to hi f · .... · · 'it f
.·regarde'd:asa-rell~fto·c;ir:i·employeewhos~dismissal ·. · ta't' _e . ...... ts ·0h. wd~~e~asl a.r~sµ 0
· ...,... I · d ··11 · ·1 • · t.t · -1 d . t · ·S us quo an e 1s 1sm1ssa.
1s . 4ec aret. , ega • pursuan . ~.'i:i.. 1.ma: an · exec_u ory "''sm·
ul
..I s·saI) .. · · '- . .. · .
. j u d gmen, · ~·--·-·---~-- ..........---'--~--;...,...--"--'

·Relnstateme~t- orde.red by' the labor. arbi'ter is s·elf-· ti

N~te:: The a.:..:ard bf r~in~tate~ent not incons'istent
execi.i'tory; the one o'rde,red. by· the . NLRC Is. not. wjth the. award ofbackwag~s (2 A:?UCENA, sapra at
963). . .. · ...
Mor99ver, iFl the ~ormer, t~e employer has Zoptidns; I

: . 146 I 2019 !SAN E!EDA LAW ~ENTRALIZED BAR ,OPERATIONS

 ii

-·
Hence, -they are not.entitled to tu11 backwaqas 'and
separation pay in lieu of· reinstalement' as provided
in Art. 294 of the Labor Code. As was held in.'
· 'Mil/ares, Adelantar is a contractual employee whose
. rights and obligations are governed primarily by
.Separation pay Is . paid: Bac~wages' Is paid for' . Rules and Regulations of the POEA and; more
when reinstatement.. js] the· compensation which importantly, by R.A. .8042, or'the Migrant Workers
no lonqer possible. otherwise '.the_er;nptoy.ee· and . Overseas Fillpinqs Act of 1995 (Pentagon
· · should nave earned had · tntemetlonel Shipping, tnc., v. Adelantar, G.R. No:
· .he · not,' ·b.~en · ii.legally. · .. 157373, July 27., 2004): ·
dismi~s~_d: ...
. OF.W's who are terminated wit},ot.it just, ·va_lid or
. . . ,· . . . authorized ~ause are· e!.'title_~-.to: · . ~ . . . ·· ·
Computed on .the basis .computeorrorn the time 1, Full relmbursernent ot-ptacernent fee and the
·.. of the ernplovee's length of illegal disrnlssal up to '.'deductions "made· with .interest.· at f2% per
'. of service. · actual reinstatement, or . annum; and · ·
if reinstatement" . 'is no :· · 2. s·~laries . for. the unexpired' . portion of . the
?:. . longer.possible, un:ui the. employment contract (Serrano· v. Gallant
f · fl_nality of-the decision.. Maritime Services, lnc., G.R. No. 167614, Mar.ch
24, 2009J. ..
L. -~
:~:~~1 ·
·f· :·
,! ~~ ~~~Y,Ar.!~-
Paid as a v,:h,erewlthalor Pai~ for .the:·.los.s/)~f
assistance clluring ·the eamlnqs: .,during \~~ v1,.;Jt'I .' .
·';t::;);\. r..----·
TTT,0,.-T . ·E· .. ·. ·.
.;.·. ,. . ; .· ---------...;.---.
··
. pertod that an employee p~~io_d · be.tween.. il~,9~1:: '.·~:;:.~r
-y;~,- --'-Y~1DS OF -~PLOYMENT .
-~s- ·lo'oking· tor · another d,~m,_S$a1 . · _...p-am't,v· H,--~--;t.t;i.:,::W,. · ·.. . ·. . . .. .
·.empl9ymen_t. reinst~terf!e,r;i};.,.·. LJ~ ARTICLE !~\s: -REGULAR .. AND CAS:UAL
• • , e . ['.-~ _EMPLOY~'~,.- . .
. , .. · ,'.
. fl.lture._ .. · . .
~~sto~i~iPQtHir~p~st
IIJC?,~e"lost.~'.'-~:
.. -~IND~ i:~ . <i
~ip~9YMENT:_.(RCP -S!=P-sFr.·
?:~ i;!5.- · ·_ 1. Re~))l_ar ~mpl_~~ent; .. · · · :' · .
0

(2tZl)c:f=NA, _su~ra_ at.~6?::~~-~;:~fJ~ , )~\!_ · 'Jfj ·I. ~!ii,;~i]~~{~g

Reinstatement .~lt-~C?-ll~B_ac;kwaE!e~,_i'j;,i\; . · · }!: f ;;? 4- : §~_asonal·employm_ent;
1. When .the· d1sm1Ssal .1s· deeme ~ :_too·ii9rsh .. a·. 111 5.. f1x~d~Term employmef'!t; .
· · . pena It·_y; : · · . .· : . · f;i, '' ......t.v
.-.·i -_: ... '-,·~ .,,41.-!£li.,Q b.a t'1pnary
·....-1,i-~JI., . I . t
emP..oymen; . .
c,r
2. When tt,e· emp!qyer ~ted in good~\~ithi .,,,~:-.::~{.'.,'. ;,t~;,it..§.ecunty· guards· and. othe~ privafo securiW
3. . ·.~hE!~e}ll~re·.is· np ~v1,t;l~n.c~_that(!-M,'~: ew.~leyer . . . · · pers~nn~I-; and . · .·, :· , . ·
.d1sm1;:;sed tli~ e[Tiploy~e. (2.AZUCE~,~'fflra at 8. float1n9 status. ::- .
999--1"060) · · · . ·' . · · ' :;.,.·~ · · .' . . , ·
. . . . ·.· . ,.. ._, ..... _. ,, ·_. ,. . : · 1 .. Regular Employment .
R.ei~$ta~ement Vo'.J°th. Lim.ited Backw~ges . .. . Employmeht ifrrangement wliere.the· employee:
There.: are inst~nces where . b.ackwage~ were. not · a. Has·· been. eng!'lged. to perform .activities.
, giveri '·in' JuJ_I. but;merely li.f!1ited.for .the ~am~. teason: · '. · which are usually ne-c:essary _qr desfi:~.ble in
of good fa1Jh._ on the part ·of the employer (CHAN,- .thi:l usual business. or trade of the employer;
Lab9t Lawf{evleWer (2_0_1.6), 6h, 4). :.\ · · · b. · Has. renoered· at least 1 year .of service;
. ·:. . . ' ·.. . . . ·. . .. . whether . such. service is,· continuous or.
· Ex~mple:. . . . . ·. ·. ,·: '... . b,roken, wlth.. respect.to the activity .In which
· In- San. Miguel -Cor,:,oration v. Jaw;1te, _Jr., the. award . t,e Is· employed; or . :· · . . . . . . . ..
. of bac~wagesWas limit~d·only fat 1 year cori·sidering_ . ,0'. 'When an employee is allowed t.o work:afler
_the J.Tiitf!;iati.ng· cir.cumstance·of good falth:attributed · · · .. a. pr;obationar·y period (LABOR CODE, Art.
. ·tq the· employer ($.)n M/guel. .<:;orporatlori v: Javate, . . 295/ .. :· .. ·. - - _ · · , ·:
Jr:-;.·G.R..No: L~Q4244;' January 27,1992). .
. :. . . : . . : .. . .. . · Tests of Regu!arify. (N.PP)
Monetary award~ to ill~gaiiy'·dismi$ Sed .:OFWs
0 a. Nature of Work Test· ·
·seafc;Jr~ts_ _;;1re _. considered contractu~1· 'empioye~s. Whethe~ or ~ot_there is. reasonable connection
Their empl_oymerit ls g~verped by the contracts tt,ey betwee-n particular activity perf<irmed by the
·~..'· . sign · every · tirne they ate . rehired, ;;ind their
employment,is terminated when the contract expires
employeef_in relation to th~ i.Jsua·, business or
trade of the employer. If usi.ially necessary or
t.
~:~
(Milla~s v: NLRC, G.R. No. 110524, Ju(y 29( ?~02).' desirable in the usual busine$~ or trade of the
i~

ii'··
Vo; -~019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OP~R.-?-TIONS I 147 ·
~-.....-
'• . ..
 .-:LABOR RELATIONS
SAN ·BEDA LAW CENTMHZf.D BAR_OPCRATldNS - N!(f\40RY f>,10 ~019
HAAMMSINAiMieMHtMSF!iib' kA FiiWIN5SHW aw+wcc M&NM

employer', the employri1~!1t.'is deemed regular 2. Casual Employm,ent

. employment (De· Leon v. NLRC,. G.R. No. There is casual employment where an employee
'lOl.05, August 21, 1989)... is engaged to perform a job. work or service
'· whlclfis merelY·iri~identa!' to tf.ie: business of the ·
:.Noia:· ·.whetl']er the . work undertaken by . the employer, and such job; work, or service i.s for a
, "employee is necessary or,'.desirable. can· be .definite period made known to theemployee at
· determined bytooklnq at the. services rendered the time of·engqgement (2 AZUCENA;- supra .at
and. its relation ..to the ·gerieral scheme under. 786). -; · ,·, .
. which· the business· cir trade is pursued' in. the .
is
usual, course.' It' dl.stinguished from a specific a. .The status- of reqular employment attaches ·
undert.aking._ that ts · djvorced .'from· the normal to the casual employee who has rendered at ·
· ··attivities· requjred in' carrying. on the=partlcular least 1 year of service, wh~ther such service
business or trade'iEddie· Pacquing v. coce- ls continuous.or broken: wffh.respectlo_.the ·.
· G_r;,ia; ·G,R. No. f{J79.66; Jant.iary 3.1, J008). activity in· which he is employed, and .his .·
.. · . · ...... employment shall'· conti.nl,Je·.;·while' such
· b. · _feriocfof~ervic;e .Test . . . . . . act!v!ty exists (LABOR CQDE,· Ait,:295). :·
· Whethe'c or not the 'employee has rendered at ' b. A casual employee is only .casual for. one
· : least 1· year of service.' An empfoyee, who is Y<?ar, .and itd~ the passage of time that gives
, . a!lowe~· to work for.at least ·1 year, W!1ether,!b.e..,.=,.,.,.==,.,.._;,_ him a regular status (Kasapian n[lMaiayang
. · sam~ .ls -continuous · or : broken, "~.l;lat·rfiel j·-· ·1\ -:;,~~anggagawa -:;a .Coca-Co/a.:C?FWLocal 24/i
. cons1de,:ed. rngu!ar empl~yee (L;§J0R· G~~E•. IL_---:./\/ /t ~,;<S~! G.R; No. 159EJ2,8,Apa! 1_9, 2006).. ·
.. Art. 29.5). . . • . . ... . If~ .ii- -=-·--=t: ..!/. fr_;,>~ · · · ·.
c. · .. frobc:itjonary-Erripl~ym~.nt Ti~t ~~j /-~ . ~~'\ ·PUrP,\)'~:_, To give · meaning·'· to', the
, . An employee who' _is. ~ll~w~f to'\~j,~~~the-"".~....:....,~~~t!tufi~~~I.g~aFante.es of · se~u~tY .. of
· 1apse· ot. the probat1on~t!t{'.Pl:\ngf ~.nall ~~ Px- '\~ · itenti~.·:~~cl~ right.. to self-orqanization
. · considered a regular e;''p1oyl3!!~}(Col~gioD.'el -fi Lt';;... \MeteicfQ ,;-~\ NLRC, 'G.R. · No. ·79869,.,
Santismo. Rosario v. Em·, anuie"Rojo,.[1.G,R.N_o. · ~,. ff}epter'?/{e,;fqi!991).. · · · .
170388 Se tember 4 20 W,1.,.· · i·-·---- -'---·--j \\ :--· , 11 •· .• • · • . · ·
. . - .: . . p . ,. . -"'~':,y t'<~i!PProj~ctEm~i~J,l;ii-..
. ' .,U f"~-; ., . . -:_'.~~· ' - ·. . .
Spe~ial ~roup~f·of'Er,npli::,y.\~~ . · : ~ : : .. !t;f.~r -._jj'~ Th1e· . is 'if>l'ejecitfi employmen't .. when: lhe
· 1. , OFWs and Seafarers· ~n.~o(iS\'-~.c:~·ns!L rE!d as>~ . · errlp)f,;wen.tyha;slie~m fix~d:.for·a specific.project
. regi.!far employees.. ,]hein lrmp~~r)&r.s. • ''1' . oj'u~d,eftaklligx!_J:f~tcpmp'lefidn or;t_eiminaticin of
. · · gove~ned ~Y th~ contraclf~e'y\~i~j'n '(\\{IX'4ir:n~,~ }f,!?'P' . , 112_f£tJ'ha~J. been',fcte1e_rrriin~ =. ~t :the .~im.~ of.·.
they. are· re'1ir~d •. ·aqp \t,hf:i_f·· _e"q~_Pl?y~t?ti_t:? ~~~~el'ry~'nt:of ·tlie: ~11!PfC?Y~~ .(/:J:,f?OR 'CODE,
termin~ted -~l)en:· '~-~ con:,!rac~ e~R~re~J'~·~' .. 29.,91'-: j·i/ . · :· · .· · · .· . ·
employm~n~ ,s fixed·t~r a c;~~m pe_r1g,a of.MfJ.e,l'~Ny\ p,.,.
(Milla.res v. NLRC, G..R. No. , 105211" ~u/~tJ;:..J._::....L.,-:~~9-e~er'aJ~~~}:il~_:
, ;r . J . ,. . ·. :;:.·. .
. Proj_e9t: ·e.~pl?y.ees. c1,re. : riot ,.
· .
2002). . ··· . · · ~ ~(.{},/) :.~===-.P' ~~gula~er.pployee.s; t~eir services··being r:ieeded
/if
2. For ~ a: private . schpo_l · teacher ~1( ~c;:gpire "1\, t.\J-olfii~~in.t!'lere ·are projects··to be ui'ld~·rtaken .
. permari~ni sta~us in emplqyment •. the Toll~ing · l"v.A.C'!.. ;JPtrOcampev. NLRC, G.R. No,· 81077; June 6,
. 'i'~qujsites must con91,fr;' · :·' .· · .. , · · ·· ·: <>-~._..~ 1990/. ·· · · · · · v
. ·a .. ··. The teacher:fa'a.tuil~time.-teacher;.·.. . . . . ,... .. . .. ·.-. -.,":·>- .
. 'ti.. The,· ··teactjer.· . ri:)ust :_'hav..e . ~endered. 3 .~cepfion_:. .Wht3re_-the ..e,mployr'i:i.ent,of proj~¢t · ·
.consect.i'tive·year~· ofs.c;?rvice; and .· · ··· · · ~ll'lplbye~s.is extende~;l Jorig_·after the -~upp·os~ed:
·c.... -Such serv'ice must. t:iave 'been satisfactory i?roject ,ha's'..been :fini~he'o, .th.'!:? 'ef'.l1pl9ye1;3s 'i:i're
(Sp.ous~s· Lim· .v: . L.~gazp( 'HOR.e' Christia'n . ~emoved '·fr.om. the scope of proje6t ·employees·
s_chool, G.R. Np.. 1728:18 March 31, 2009). ·~ :and _;;ire. considered .as. regula( e~ploye.~~ .
. (Tomas. Lao .Constru9tion · I(•. NLR(;, · (;_:R,. No.
:Fo~·piec·~ tate viorkers t9.b~ reguiariz~·d::(ND'O · . ·1,t 6781; September 5, j 997}, . · . · ·
. . . a·.. Their\vork. mus(6e Nece.$sary o{deskable ·
. . ·. . ~.
. · in 'the u_sual t)us'iness of'the ·em,i:\loy~r; · . . When~ May ' a .P~oject E,niploy~a-·. Become a
• b.. They wi;>rked. for the employer throughout Regular Employee1 (Re'-Ta'pe) .· . ·. . ...
'·the .. year, :the.ir... emplo.yment: not being . · · .. a. : There. is·. 'continuous ·. '&hiring of ·project
. _Qepenqent c:m ·~ sp~cifi~:.p_r9ject or·.s.eason:·. . .employees. ~ve'n a(te( .the. cessatiqn· of 'a ..
and .. , · ' . . . projec(fof. the,saine.tasks''or'r:icitut(;l of:tasks
. ~. They, workeo ·for. ruO[e t'1a11 (U..year {Labor (the er:npiqyee r;TIUSt be CQiltinUO\,!.sly rehired .
.. Gongress of the PHI,., 'i'~ NV~C,. G.R .. _No. ~itholit gaps and. interval~}; ark;! · ·
1~3938;
.. May.21, ,.. 19,98) . .. '. '

148 2q1s SAN SEDA LA.W CENTRAIJZED BAR 9PERATIONS

;'
 MIHi
• Mf&l

LABOR RE.LATIONS
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED B'AR OPERATIONS-: M£A10~Y AJD 20;19

_b. .The Tasks Performed.by theaueqeo project . Howeve~:·if, the workers in the,.;,ork pool.are free to
employee are · vital, necessary ·. and leave . _any time and. offer !heir services to. other ...
indispensable to the usual business or trade employers, they are· considered ·projeGt employees
ofthe employer (Maraguinot v. iVLRC, G·.R. (P.olicy Instructions. No .. 20-76; Raycor .Aircontrot
No. 120969, January·22, 1998).:. Systems,· 'me.. -v, NLRC, G.R. 'No: 114290,
.Septf!rriber9, 1996); ·
· Note: Project has reference. to· a particutar
job or undertaking that may or may .not be indicators of l>r~ject Employment: (DuDe:CORU)
within tlie· regular or. usual. business. of Either one· or more' ofthe following circumstances,
employer. In either case, the project must be.· amonqothers, may be considered as l'ndicators that
dtstmct, 'separate and. identifiable from.the -· an employee. is-a project employee: · · ·
main business of the employer. and its a. The .. .Q.y,rati.on 'of . the . specific/ideritified
. · duration· rnust .... be .vdeterrnined or .. tJndertaking·fc5i'which tha worker is ent)agE/dis
.determinable {Phflippine . Airlines, Inc: v. . reasonably,determir'i'able;:·~, . , . . ....
NLRC, G.R. No. 125792 .. Novembfir 9, b. -Such 'duration, · as .:well : as- ·.the .specitic
19!18). . . ,work:lservice to be performed, is. Oeffned in an
. ' . . . employment agreement and is made clear to the
.'f. Work p~~'I PrJncij)le . ernployeeat the time of. hiring; ' . .
i· a
As. ·general rule, employees may or may· not be c. . the work/s-er.vice performed by'the employee is·
.f members of- a work pool, Ayt1otk,pool refers; ..to a.._7- In Connection · . with. ·,·the particular
.. group ·o.t workers from which an _empioyer likf~.=f.:,1:( . ·pmJecilur:idertakingJor.which he.is engag~d;'' .
. construction.company. draws the wor)<ers it depld'ys,r/ ·' ~· d. The employee, while not employed a'riq a.waiting
or _a~sig'i-ui to -its· various projects . or any pha'.~flf,·. ;';,: ~- • ·. e'ngc:!~em.ent,is: free' to Qffer.his services to a~y
the.reof-(2'AZUCEN.f',, supr~·at..775). . · ':i V"· .'· :i~~~thereJJ.1.glqyer; ·. · · · . ,: :· · ·
. .. . . . · . . . ,. . .' . . . :::7-. i.t''.H:·~~:,.;..~~JJiltTi~,rrninaUor;i· .of his · employtri'ent 1n. the
_-r._11embers of..a .wo,s:i< pool· may consi~t~<:>!? . :: ·,1 · · _partretila(_r~oj_ect/undert.akJn.~ ·is .R~p~rt~~ to the
a.. Non-prc;>)ect_etnployees.or e111ployees for a!';,\,~J · · [?OLE 1fl9/0naLOffice·having ')Urtsd1ct1on over .
. iii'definite period. ·wthey· a-re·.~rf.ipl~yed in.)i;,-,-:'[-t_ '. the wt. ',_1<p,l~ce .within '30.days following ·the date ..
pai1i~ular projept, the· ·~om6Jeti~r{.:rof th~ .!:'-'.? · ·: of his ep~r!;1)ion from work, using th~'prescribed :
. p~ojector Qfa'ny .phase )~reofwiltnot'rhea~~--- ,.I,:.~· ' form) o_h.te~~Jo_y~es'. term.i~aticm~/ dismissals/
r,,;·j
sev~r~nce · of /.<'.e9Jpl~er--~.mptoye~"l. 1 Sl:J~pens1gns; l · . . . . , · ·. · .. ·
fela_tionship; or . r'{ f- ·e~~?-2:~.) . ~:::i· . : 'I f. .p:;~~?,~~!Ri~' the ei:nplo~me.nt .contract ,l:5y
. - · ·. b. .ProJect employees. Tl'i~§e iyGf}{~f~ intoff:u~ : t·i 1 the 'emP.lQS.,~tfJtopay completion bonus to··the

·• · ·
. viri~.k po61.~h.o,.are:e.~plc>°y~~l0:.~-,~!3rt!culjr ~
. proJ~cf'. . ~r . in . any phase 11 there(?f_ are }~~
r? . project ~".nploye_e. _-as· ·pra'cticed ·,_by mp~t.
••fon.structlon.c:o~panie_s (Sf]mson I(. NLfC, G_R.
consid~red as such. if they are)r.esi.t~I.eave ji·r,,:'";.:,,. .:IY..9,i..,}431.6,~. February 1,,1996). : · · " .
anytime arid offer' their· serviees to ot:f.i:er.!....--~!!:!~I.m, . ' -: ' . ' ' ' . . . .
en)Pioyees '.{f'oi.~cy'- lnst,:uction:f fi/0. i~f#76; ' 'Pr:f11tipal-tesf.to Datermihe'Whether Employef!S
. Raycqt_ Aircontrol Systems, _ lno'-2.,_'fo.,:.NL,RC,.. . . Are ..'Projec.t EmplQyee.s' ~s Distl~.91.!ished ·fro in
· G.R.-No .. 114290, ·September Q, 1996)... · 'R~g·u1ar.Ein'plc:>yees~, ·., · ...
. ·. '· . . . · · . ·. . The:test is wtiether· or not the project employees are
Mer.e memb~rship·in·~~e y,.,ork pool _do~ not res.Y.lt in . - .: assi@ned .. to Cc:l(ry . out .. a · specific· pro}~c~ ·· or
the.v.:orkers'.becprr,ing regular·~rtjp1oyees by'_rea·son. , 'u'n(lertaking·'.the'·:quraliqn' or, seep~ ·of whict:i ·are ..
·o( ·that fact.· .alone -{Abesco (;:onstr.uction-. and · specifil:?d'at the Jime:the employ,eesafe·engaged:tor.·
. Developmen(Corp. v. f?f:!mirez,. G.R, ·No:"}411(}8, . that.project (ALU~TU6P I(, NLRC, G.R. No.. {69'902,
f:ipri(10, :2006). . . 7 August.2_; 19_94.). ... .. - ..

M~~~~ts ·6f ~
-w~rk'po·d·I from wh;ch a construction·
cqmpa'ny dr.a.ws its project emplqyeei; '.li:~onsidered .
efllploye~s. 'of'the construction C<?~pa'ny whill:!:IA the.
wqrk popl, are n~n-proje.d.employees or employees
for,an'indefiriite p'eriod.. ·lf they are, emploY,ed in ·a ·: .- - been: employe!'.I, .regc;1r:dless of the i:a,imJ:>.erof proj~cts
pc1rti¢ular project, the. completiQ,n of the. project or·.'
anfphase t~er.e9f will ·not me.an severance:of ~r-Ee ..
relatiori§hip. (Polfqy lnstructi~n · {yo. 2():-_76, PH
· Natlq[!al Construction Corp. v. NLRC; · G:J~.. N.o.
: ?5323, June 20, · 1989). · · ·
. EnJitlementto :separation .~ay · ·. . - ·
P.roj~ct employee.s are not e{'l,itled to ~eparc;1tion.pay
·if.they are terri:iinate.d as' a resuJfof th~· completion·of
. tt]e pfoject·or any'.phase thereof in which they hay.e
· . in which they have. be~h employed (Saberola v..
'Suarez, G.R: No. 151227, .Jilly, 14, 200(!). ·
Project. empJoy~·es .-enjoy '§ecUFity' of' tenure. '0·n1y
du~jng _the term of tl:ieir:p'r.oject er:nplcjyr'nent (Tomas
Lao· Con~trlictlon. v. NLRC, G.R., No. 116·781:;
S~pte,nber5,.,1997).

20)9 SAN BEDA LA.W CE~TRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS 149

 Pf* we :&>
1.,.J,,. i&UPWIWM±P

LA·BOR RE.LATIO.NS
• SAN BEDA LAWCENTRAUZEDBAR OPERATIONS- M£f!,ORYAID 2019 .
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r-..ote: If. the termlnatton .is brought. about' by the (Univer.sal Robina Sugar Milling Corp. v. Acibo, ·
completion of.the'project orIts' phase no prior. notice G.R, Np: 186439, January 15, 2014).
ot.terrrunation is-required; the. employer.is, under the
· law, only obliged to render a report to the QOLE on Note: E>urjng . off-season, · the · r~la.tionship of
the tertnination <;>f. the employment.(O.M· Consunjl employer and employee is not severed but .only
Inc..· v.. Gobres, G.R.
.
No:. 169.1.70,
. . August
. _...
9,.2(}W). :. suspended; .the seasonal employee Is merely
considered on leave of absence without pay.(Manila
Hotel v. Court· of Industrial Relations, G.R. No. 'L-
188!5, September 30, 1963). '· . . . :

· 4. Se~sonal'Einployment · · · . . f:teason'·fo~ validity of fixed-pe;i_od employment .

s.~asonal . employment ·. is . an employment· .. (Brent.Doctrine)~
. . Freedom
, of .parties·rtfrcontract°sQ
..
arrarrqement where an employee is engaged. to · long as the stipulations -thereof are· not contrary to
work-durlnq a particular season 'on an activity . iaw, morals •. 90(?,d customs, publlc order. and public.
that is usually necessary or desirabte ih' the policy (Brent Bcho67. tnc: v, Zamora; G.R: No ... l» ·
. 'usual business or. trade. OT the employe~ . 484~4, Febru?>y5, 1990). . · · ·

' ' ·.
iso r 201.s SAN.sEDA,LAw CENTRAL:zEo BAR oPERATioNs ·
 LA·BO:R· · RE.LATl"ONS
-
-:;.
1- .
:~···
~· ... 5-1&¥
SAN BEDA LAW CEN_TRALIZED BA~'.QPEAATIONS- _MEMORY AiD.2019
MWtiiWCii!fi

f Note, It does. not necessarily follow that where the

;{duties of the employee consist of .activities usually
W Mtii·WIC&&M iiiH+eeEl'Pi@M S

Ru_les on Fixed~Ter~ Employment:

1. Notice of termination is not necessary In fixed-
.

~t necessary or- desirable in the usual- business. of the term employment· (Pang[~inan v. General Milling
.f
~ emplqyer, the parties.. are forbidden from agreeing on
.•
Corporation, supra): . . ·
~-;: a period 'of· tim_e for the performance of -such 2. Employee·is·deerned.regular if cqntract failed .to
v·activitles. There-is nothing contradictory between a . state the specific 'fixed period Of ·employment.
J.f~ ·definite perlod et-employment and the nature of the v.
(P9seidon Fishing NLRC, G.R. No. 168052,
{ · ef!lploye~_·s. duties (P_angi/infJn· v: Gener.ai_. · Milling - February 20, 2006); . .
.,.:, , corporetion;G.R. No. 149329, July 12, 2004). . :t ,,::erminaUon prior to _lapse of. fixed-ter.m contract ..
,,;,f; However, ln.the following cases, workers.employed. · · should- _be for a .just' .or authoriz~d .cause
r,: for- a . .'fixed-term . were' considered- as regular . (Anderson v. NLRC,- G.R. No..· 111'212, January
· 22 1996)• .. · · · · ·,. '
: · empl~Y~f!Sj81 C)" ·. · '· :· ;-- . · · . . . ·. - .
11<,= -, 1. · The employees we.re allowed-·to work f!eyqnd 4. .-Li~bi°lity for i'1iegal.. dismis.~ai.· .of
fixed-term
t- the fixed-term · without the benefit ·of a new · · eri11?loy.ee is..ol')ly fo_r.sa!ary for une~pired ·p9rt.lon
ii contract .·(l(if;mes· v. NLRC, G.R. No. 1084(:)5,. · (N~w --Sunrise Metal 9onst111ction Ii. · Pia, G."R: : ·
i'<t. . 'April _4, 2003);.· . . . . · . . ·· No: 171131, July:10;.2007)/ :
f 2. ·The employeeswere allowed to w~rk .for more s. e·mpioyees ailc~i.\ied. to work beyor"\d Jne·.rixed .
I:,· , · than · ·j_: -year: and, there is a reasonable term · become.. reguJar · emplOy!;leS.· ( Viernes :v:
f .connectton between the partlcular :. activity NLRC, G.R_,-t;Jo.. '1-08405; April 4, 2003). . . ·..
p~rformed by the-employees ·1ri _rel_atiori· to ·th~""';'.)
usual' 'buslness ,-or trade of ·the_ 'emplqy,_er-;,:1_:>i-1, ART·IC~E 296_: :PROB~TIQNARY~MPLOYMENT.
(Megas~_ope_. General Services .v, NLRC, -~1.R1'/ ·., •. ;.,. .Probat1on~ry · Employm~nt exists where 'the,
:N9. 109224;,Jtme19, 1.99'7);and · . .{..:rvr';';,:·i~, "employee, uponhis engagement is.made to und~rgo·
3, lncase of successive renewals.of fixed perjoo·:··,· il•.1/ .a.trjalperiod.. duriog which the employer-determines
_·contracts and ~hc;re [sa re:~-~o'nabl~~o·n!]jl.itid'iii.'-·Jt'.%~s1~ij~s~pC~u'al!fy. for reg.l!lar ~mp.loynie~.\ based
between the- particular activity perfp~r,r;i~d·oy the,.,· J · on reasol'iab)et,standards made known to him at the
. employees -ir_,· r!3lationJo ·the usu.rif~t.fs1ness 9rR-- f
... '.. trade of:the. ernpJpyer (Philips S~frjx~ndl/.;;to;;.f·~
PHL ~nc, v.. Fadnquela, G.R. ~!l];;,M1,t'f:Z/Apnl ~.'\. . ·
1~- .
..
time ot his f~~ageme-rit (/RR of the LABOR CODE;·
Book VJ, fJil~ ·l~f ec. 6(d)). .
ii -~ . \~ · . ·
, .. :·:
·. · . ·
..
;
-: 14, 2Q04). : · ·~<~-- : 1~ 1 , . .,:,1 . A'-prob'?!Oorn:\'ry 'employee·· is·· one· ·who is 'under
· ·- · . :. . . · · ... : , ·· _: ~G . ~, . :~. t·,,,. · 9\-
obsei:vit1on an 'mployer to d~termine whether-o·r ·
Criteria under which ~ixe ·.<Perfo-jj::-.l;JJ)~~oym.~pt- .. ~:: not .~J,~·~gt1~f~~~j.Jor perl')'la_n7nt e~plOYi:nen_t (2
,t. may be.valid: (KV~EN) .. "'\_,:. -~r--/~· . 0.:): \.1. AZUCENA~JJ.f.a>.'8!797) .. · · · · · .· · · ...
., -· .1:· J:he _fixoo··period of employme7iit w..fo~~?w.in~ft:.·. f .,- . · -' · ·.' ... _ ... , ... · _ :- · · · · ..
f · .··and' yoluntafily· agreed ·upon't.%: ttJe,,·part1es · 1.1L,...:.N,qte: In.all cas_es, the employer shall make !<l')OWn
'%: ·. without any force,·duress; or- impr5per:·pFessure. ·· )1~!;·~:t~·,therreniP.loyee 'the /shmdards under wliil::h 'he-wjlf
f .. being, brought to_ bear upoi:, the e°rif!ploy'e_o/,.i:1~!.~:!i!~:...-qtia~lf-y.t~'s"'.!a'.'regl!iar-·_employee .at. the time. of his'
r.. . ~!?sent. _any .._ ottier . circum:>tances~_:•titiatw:g,Jhis engagement. Wl1ere- no :,st~ndards'ar'e '!Jade k.r:i?Wn
i'. · · cohsenf;:or · · ·. · :· . {-0~f:;, ·.:. to·the employee at that time;he should be.regarded
f- 2.. it .satisfac(o'rily a·ppear.s'that ttie· employer·a·nd . oi
as_~- regular .en,ployee (f~R the LA_BQR ·coD€,
f . ·th.e emplpyee dealt with:each other o.n mqre or ·_Book Yf; R_ule./,.Sec, 6(d)). · _. · .. _- ·.. ·. · · ·
;_.. · less · £·quaI- terms. with., No moral'- dorr;iir:ianc~ · · · · ·. - · · ·
. · .-exer~ised · by, the· fdr111er· or ..the. latter (Brent :Probationa(y ei:,iplomient. must· . ~av~ ·. .-b~en-
. ·Sc;hool ln.c:. v.·_. Zam6r_a, · <:,_;R. No.. L-48494,. · expressly agreed· upon .. If tt,ere. ts'· no : ~uch .
. · February5, ,1f}90); .· . . . . '.' · . agr:eement, the·el'T!ploym~ntis consi_deredregular (2.
. · .· · . AZ()CENAts __ .upra at 798).· . ·... : . . . . · .·
·.Ge~·~·fral'-~-~!e:. F.ixed-Peiiod•. Emplo~ent is
·· Val.id.so·IOn·g as.the·crite·rra·ar~ Complied with (2. DuratiOn- · ·.. .... · .. , :· .':· · · :
AZUGENA,·iupra at 789f. .. ~ ' General· _Rule: Prol:!ationary ernpl_o.ymeht, shall not
~ · : . · . . ... _ · ..... exce~ 6 rrf6nth~ ffom the.date the employee..sta·rte~
: Exception·: .While tlie Supreme Court has. · working (LABOR CODE, Art. 296). · ·
upheld the 'legality of fixe_d-ten:n _employm_ent, .· .
.wMre from·the'circumstances.it is apparent tnat ·. The.comp1Jtation of the 6-month probatlonary..period .
. . the·. p·eriods .have be~n imposed· to preclude is reckoned frori:i the. d~te of appofntment _up· to the
acquisition· "bf security of tent.ire .by the same calendar date of the 6111 month folloiNirig .(Alcira
. e'mployee, they.· should. be s'trucis down or ... v. NLRC, ·G.'R. N~•.-149859, June·~. 2004): · · ·
• di.sreg~rded·as contraty t.<>pµtilic policy (Manila
Water Co." Inc: v.· Pena,: G.R. No.. 158255, July
8, 2001; ·Magsa/in v..' National_Otgan;z_a.tion·.of
WorkingM~n; G.R. No. 14[!492,__ May 9, ;!003).

2019 SAN SEDA LA\/y CENTRALIZED BAR OP,ERATIONS 15.1

 .· LA.BOR RELA T.10.NS:
SAN. BEDA LAW tENTRAr,z~o OAR <JPERA:r,oNs· - MEM'O!IY Jt,o 2019
¥ IPUZSM. ;Q.;e S IP? Nii

Excepti_ons: Note: The probationary employee is entitled to

1- .. When it. is covered ·by an apprenticeship procedural due. procesa.prlor to dismissal from .the
aqreernent stip!Jla.ting a longer period :(LAB.OR . service. However, unlikethe 1•1 and 2nd grounds, the
CODE, Art. 296); . 31d·grou11d does hot'require notice and hearing. Due
.2. · When t,he parties to an employment .contract process."of law for this third ground consists of
·agree otherwise; · . making the. reasonable standards expected of the.
.3. When the· same is. established. by· company employee during hlsprobatlonary period known to -
policy; and- . him at the time of his _proba'tionary employment (PH.
4. When the same is required 'by the nature- bf the Daily Inquirer,'lnc, v. ,Magtibay Jr., G.R. No: 164532,
work performed
. bythe . employee.
.
July 2.4, 2007), ·

. It notone.ot the exceptional circumsta~ces·aoove is ·Termination to 'be valid must be done- prior to the
proven, _the employee Whose employment exceeds 'lapse .of probationary period ·.(Pasmaba v. NL'RC,
·~,'months is undoubtedly a regular employee (San. G.R. No. '16.8421, Jun« e: .2007). Termination a.few
Miguel Corp. v. Del Rosario; 'G.R. No.. 168194 ' & . .days -~_fterthe lapse of probationary period cannot be
168603; December·13,.2005). 'done without due process as tie has already become
. . · ·. ·· · . ·t · · a regular employee by that-time {San- Mii}Uel ·qorp.
ExtensiorJ of Probation -, .v. be/ Rosetio, ·G.R. No. 1.(581.f}4 & 168603,
.The .employer and-: employee may,. extend .Jl_¥-.=;.,.,,,,.._~.Q_ecembe_r 13, 2005) • .' ·. ·· · .
agre~ment the probationary period of emJ?J.o~ent l{ ;· 1\ ~.,..,.,'<,,,_ · .. · . ·
-beyond 6. months. · .. However; ~proba~j9pary U ~'R~6u1p;}ta_tus after Probationary Period . ·
employment cannot be .a_d'inti,nit~rn .:t~a'(Jw~ef.'f.Sttg;-:;="':"·~ft.. -.E{mp!o}-:ee'\rhois allowed to work after a ...
. Inc. v. Hon ... Leogardo-Jr,, _G.R_t>f ;(42~~~/Jl.t'ltfary =--prof>ati~ary_,;peji~d "shall be considered a regular
26, 198~.
· .... ·.
:. r • .-,
/r~,;
~}?"r;-.,.~ .: ·m.i 2( ~¥
:-emp!Q¥;~(~.~OjtfODE,
·,;\~J'.'ii.J,~
Art.-296) ..
. . ·.
. ~ote: By voluntarily ~i'greeing/(Gt:crq~!an ext~nsiora, J~ .s.tandarf,f·fo~B~gular;!zation . _.
the em~loyee waive~ a~y. ~;~L1,._efit·j~ac;h~~g~t.?.,;.t~~ ;tif..\ It is no!j~e. pr~B~11J0WeCT)ployee's i?-b de~cription
.completion of the period 1f·he-'stl!);fa1led to VJaT<e tfie"""""'ij~i ':'15ti'f1ne.adequate.. perf.ormance of his duties and
· ·grade . during · t~e pertod ~fir~xt~6sio.ri (~fl;it:v~~-~e~'onsii_mties -.~fitc:li~<fonstitufes :the inh'erent c;mcl.
Ji. .
· tv}anuJact,urihg, lne. v. LMga,rdo_:.J&.\l G.R; N&. 74-?,4-6f~mmmz;iflfi:>1i,e9 ~and~1d=--{oi· · r~gularizat,ion·. Jf · . the.
. January 26! '_1989), . · . ·. ·
, · .
u·~ fl'
. ·. · i < ({)~ ·~~\.
-Q\ · i ·.· ~~,e!ol;i~p~~-·employe~~"l:la~ been fully appr!s~?. by
/ 'ffz - t~'PIS _e~l;ilQ~er·oJ1th~e. duties and resporis1b1ht1es,
, ·Doul)le o·r Suc.cessive·Prol:it1tion~pt PJ~~~- :. {f1) ¥,··<:<tlt~¥°},f.asJef kn9~ledg~tand' common sense,·dictate
The evil sought to b~ prevettted is~,lo ·.dis~f®~... ~!t),.t~~~stirdequatelyperform.the same, else he
schem_ing e1:1 players · frorn· _ul:?ing. the\,sysl'eJll~~l~tG p~s~i!,e·p'_robttionary trial .and may therefore
'double or successive. pr_obatlo~~-·ci~~1!1te~~JENl_~~j)bj~(toJe~m~tion (Abbott Laboratorie~, PHL
ma~date of the 'la"". o~ regul~nza~n. a~ 'm~"'1~.~/~raz,"5fj~!3Jfo.':192571, April 22, 2014).. '
_ easier for them, to d1sm1ss .their empto,:t,ee~')ioJi(fii]i'="-=-?'"'"."'~ ;-f\\A'\.- ~ , · · · . · , , - · ·.
Inn !ylemi/a v.:.NLRC, G.R. No:._-10,91-!4':':~te1!l_'ber: -M- . J~l/tii~fi9-l,ls-<Pto th.e power, of ~n ·employer to
14,_ 1.993)... · . · ,.. . · ·.. ·"""'~~ · 1..{.df~st,,..arremp!oyeeon probation: · ·. ·.
· . . · . - · . ~"""""~ This power must be ·exercised in accordance
. Term.inati.Ql1,c;>.(Probatioil.~ry.Emi;>loy{Jl~.;f . , . . wifh·the.specific. .teqoirements of th'e.contract;
·.PrQba~tonary. ernplpyees' ,are .protected oy the : . ·2. The 'dis.sa.tisfa°dion01') the p~rt 9f the erriployer
s.ect,.irityoftenure:provision of th_e·coi:istitution during must be real and in good faith; n·ot feigned so as -
and before the.end:of. the probationary·P.eriod;.·. . ; to circumvent the'contract.pr the la-«; and :.
. . . . . . . .. . . .3. There must be no unlawful 'discrimination in the
Hqweve'r, a' prob'~tionary . ernploye~ may be dii:;miss.:tl (Qavao ·. Contractors Development
: dismis'setl at any time before the. expfration ·or the · Cooperative v:· ·Pas,a'wa;· G.R.:No. 172174, July
· proJ:?atio'~arYperiod.on any ofttiese ·grqund~:. · . · : . ·9; 2009). · .. · ·
·~- 1. Just" c~use; ·. . ·
• j
2. Authorized.cause; and· . .
3.. When 1:ie Jai!s to ci.1.i'ality as· a regul~r employee . \.
ih accordance . .with . reasoriabie ·standards
pr~scribetl by the employer (Un(verstcjad De
-Sta. ·1sabel .,v::Samba)on;Jr., GR. Nos.. 19(3280
&"196286; April· 2, 2014).. . . . · · ·: ·.

:.•

152 · 1 2019.SAN.BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR 0.P~TIONS

 :?',
-~· .
I
E SJ HM#
:::
,.~~
\,
·.
· LAB,OR ·RE.:LATIONS.
. .. . . SAN ~EOA tAW C£NTRAt:IZEDBAR OPE,RATJON5- MEMQ,RYAID 2019 ·
• !XZiiihP&iWiriAWWHWS A4i MM?*51PfMhd ttatM _ . MA Sili&AR&:i.ift J
' .

fIr f
~Ei;:iR~~~~i~:ES .
ElVIP;LOY. M : ENT
AND WORKING .
Regular Employment: . .
f. · Wh~n allowed to work after. probationary. period;
2. When allowed to work in the absence of a valid ·
probationary contract (b.O. No. 150-16 Sec ·
, 3.3).,·
' . ' ' I •

J,.' .CON:OI':fl.ONS.OF SEC·{JllITY.

f .QUARDS AND PRIVATE. OTHER .Rights of Security Gu~r.ds ·a11d other-Private

!; .·
ft
f
. SECU1UTY PERSONNEL.IN THE
p
lUVATESECURI'i'Y.INDUSTRY·
. .
SecurityP.ersonnel:
All security gua'rds and ?ther private security.
personnel, .whether deployed or assigned as·
. '·

t. . {:D.'.O~-No._1so":i6) · . . reliev~r, seasoriali·week~eiider, or temporary; shall

r
~-·
,; be ~nt1tlec!,to-all.tl:fe rightsand•privileg~s asprovided
for ,10 .the b.abo.r Code,. c:IS amended, which shall
t° '.' Nole: The guidelirj.es took effect. ci.nApril 29, 2016. · include the folloWing, (Sa'L~ReS-RiS) -· ·
., . - ·· · · · · 1.. Safe and healthful working conditions; .
;~ .. ¢overage . :·. . . · · 2, . .!:abor standards ·such as but not limited to
'·. · This ~evised· Guidelines· shall apply to all private . service i~centive leave/premium pay, overtime .
security, . detective, .. investigative. aqencies: or pay; holiday- p~y •. night ·shift differential, 13th
operato~s,. their. principals or clients, and .. all '. . . ·mon~h 'P~Y.i pn,d separation pay as may· be
cornparues .employing security guards· and other~,,._. ·:') . .provided m .the Service Agreement or underthe
private security personnel (D.O. No. 150-16, sec/:tj:',:f/l . l,ab_or.·cadei as amended; .
. • ..
1
• (··-'": (/' • :\ 3. . Retirement: benefits. 'under Republic Act No.
P.riyate Security P.~rsonnel . ·.. · ·· ·,:f"".. \~.~:!~~~ · · . 7641, ~epu!)l\c.Ad N9·. 1161, ~s amended by
·. ,_.Refer~. to ·n.atw~l persons, mcludihg .· prtya.(~;.,.;:/i':·~;;;;-tRepubh~-_f.ct:No: 8282'.._and ret!rement plans of
. .de!e9tives;. security· ·?on.sultants arid /!scl.;urityl~h·~.U.L ..... J~~-:J_e~~ity~e~.1ce c~ntractor; 1f ~ny; . . .
.offl<;:~rs, 1::mployed b~ privatesecurity ~g~'tjcyorfirrh.,• · rl 4 .. ·§?c1a1·.s1r~pntya~d welfare benefits; · · · .
to. re~der. s.es~tjlyand/or. detective· (~(Vi,c;;es.(D.Gf:!;-'::.;~ - . 5. Right .. ffft· sel!-orga_nization arid collective
. . .
No, Hi0-16,sec .. 2(f)t _ . .
. .- · .. · .. · -, · ... · ·. · .
}P(} .._ _:,..;. ,<Y'.
,,.../.. 1:-;·,..:~,
t\ ·
• · , .!;.t.[ ·. .
barga1Jj•ri9\~llbJe<;:t to the provisions of existing
laws;,'an1J: \\ · ... · · · :·
security'Guard·: . .
An. . . . . .
.• ;;::7 ... )fi::<. ;;..:..
. . ·.,;,; Ei. '6.· §ec~tyol1ttelure,(D.0.No.·1!50-16;Se~.6l.
I ··)i . . .
. , y person. who·. ·?,ffe~s
. . . . / "· . . .-..,
or. re~~~~ p~ola.!.servic;:e · ~·;; · ·.
. _'\, ""\ ·if··
. ~-.Ji,,;_.~ L;;,;,.;..':L; . - ·. . , . ·
'I

. to . w~t<?h:. or... ~ecure: a Tr:!;{s1denci,rt.t9.usirfu~•. c '·h:.1 Req~~f"W-':l)·~~~~--~1,r ·: Pre~mployment and

.e~~abhshm.ept._puilding, comp9[,l:f:!Q,:.ef.rf¥AJ\er.
or pr9p_e,:ty;.. orJ!')SP.e~ts,_m<;>~1tor-s...Qt'fer.fqrm,s
. ch~cks_ or. -~earches, ~f, m~1vid~als · o\ i~?g~aEJe _and. : . f:l~P.e,~onnel. ll'J th~ employ· of any $SC/PSA or firm .
. otherJorms of_secunty.1nspect1on (D:Q,sf.VcC1
Sec. 2(h)). . · . · . . .- ' "]',!',, .
.· . . : , . _ . . . . ':!. A~,::· /f.f ·
$ecurity-S'ervice C(?ntr,at?torJSSC)' ·'~2:,:ts
Is· ~yi.;io.i:i~9us;.V>iith P,rivate Se~,uri~ Age'ncy {P$A)
. "'."h!ch refers ,tb.any person; association, ~c.1.rtnership,..
fir~·:?r.priy.ate. q~irporati.?n _engaged i~· c6'htra~n.g,. .
,. recruitment, tra~rnn~.furn1sh1ng·or posting-of &ecurtty ·:
~u~r?. ah9 · oth~[ . private sec::unty · · i>"er.~.onriel. to
1nd1v1duals; c0rporation~. ·offices. and ·'organiiatioris:
. wheth~r.privat~ qr pu,bli~, for,-ttte1r,securitY rjeed:;.as.
the !;>NP may·app.rove (D;O. No.. 1.60;f6, Se~. 2{i)).
. . · . .· , , ·
·E.rnpl.oye,r:~E.m~loyl:~·~eiationship ... ·....
1:he SS.C/PSA is the employer of the·security guards
and other private s·ecurity personnel·on duty,deta'itto
api:-incip~I or .client under a S(:lrvice Agreement (D. o.·.
No. 150-16; _sec, 3,.1). · ·
Pro))ati.o.naryEn:ip!oymei1t..
T.he '.·probationary .. pe.riod . of nel(Vly-hir~d· · ~ecurity .
gmmls and ..0th.er .Private. security personnel ·in the·
i 'private secority industry shall not 'exceed· 6. months·
~.
..•. (D.0 .. 'No. 15_0-16, Sec. 3.2):. · · ·
iife~' · \it · Contmue.~mpfQymerit_ · : . . ·. . . .
b~Y. }·,r. The :.secu.~ty guards and-· other pnvate secunty
sq.,J_(:i;:,~/:·1•::~,i,h.?:P!~.~;~~l!lY licensed an~ m_ust h~ve p~ssed the
/,.,•.P'.w~Ji:.f~-"-P.fiY$1Gal~and · neuro-psych1atnc · examination and
drug ·te~t re~uired by t_he P,NP for pre-employment
an~ f<;>r C?nt,nt!ed employment. Expenses for these
· ·exa!.11!natlons _and test' shall be sho1Jldered by the
.· security guards. ·
· · · -
··" Any addition_a! test- may ,be·.requi.red.aUhe ~xpense
· of the request11'1~ party. (ff 0. No: 150-16, Sec. 7. 1). .
· · '· · ·
.Entitlef!1~nt'to Minim.um.Wage :. . . . .
Unless·a lii~her minimum wa'ge is agr.~ed upon by.
· ·. · · the (:larties,. V,e secu.rity guards and: other private· ..
.',·. ·. · security· ~rsonnel ~hall' be: entitied to·· ·receive a :
·sa.!ar:y of not less :.than. :the minimum . wage rate: ·
. presc.ri~ed.for· nor-agricultural ·sector or. industry in· '
·the. reg1oti:whe~~.he/.she is ~ssigned, reg.ard less of
the nature ofbusiness of the principal ·(D.O. No: 150-
· ·16, Sec. 7.3). · ·
· Tl'.~ns.fer of Assignment .
· In case of transfer; the wage rate most favorable to .. -
' the sec:urity guards and other private secu~ity .
personnel ·shall apply. Thus, transfer of security
guards and other privat~ security personnel to areas

I.
"i.<. .. . 2019 SAN SEDA LAW.CENTRA~IZED BAR OPERATIONS .153

t .
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 FA
LABOR RELATIONS
PA
-- Ail

SAN BEDl;l LAW-CENTRALIZEDBAR OPER.A.TIQNS- MEMORY AID:zo19

¥MW

¥5SAZiifl#iiWMPttit\tiW4illi·tRAPiiP~&IW M
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outside ·the region. of the domiclle or head office of 'exte~t th'at the p.ri~cipal ls
liable to its direct
the SSC/P~A shall nor result to reduction of the: · employees; . .
wag~. rate being enjoyed by the security guards and 2. If there are wage lncre~ses or adjustments after
other ..private security personnel prior to· such . the·. execution ·or
the ServiGe. Agreement, . the
transfer .. Transfer to· an· area or region. with ·higher- prescritjed •increases in the -wage' rates of
wage rate'shatl.rehder the'hlgt,er rate theapplicable s.ecu·rity· guards a,nd . other, private secur-i.ty
wage rate. for the, transferred -securlty guards· and personnel shall b~ borne ·by prlncipa1· and· the·
· other. private. .security personnel . (D. 0, No. 150-16; Servi.ce.Agreemen~ shall be de~rried amended
~~t~. . . . . . 'accordirigfy. Jr.r tne. even't lhanhe.. principal'fails.··
to. pay. the pr:.es,;:'ribed increases, the S$C/PSA
D~dU~tio~s ·or depoalts for loss or damage on shall be. jolntly .. ahd · · sol.ida_riiy liable wifh the
equipment supplied..bY employer . . · · . princ_ipal; · ··' • · ·
Puisuant to Lab9r AdVisory No: 11, Series of 2004. ·
dedi.Jctjons or · ·requiring- · · cash deposits . from · Tfle immediate recourse pf .sequnty gi.Jar.ds .and
employees to answer. .for reimbursement otloss or · other private security personnel jor' payment of
damage on tools.jnaterlals. or· equipment supplied -· . wage increase .bef~r.e litiga\ion Is ·wi.th tf.iejr.
by.-the employer is· allowed ·.in ·pdvate··security ·employer, the .: .~SC/PSA. .To ,_.enabie· 'the
agencies as. a recoqnlzed andreasonable inclu'str:y . · SSC/f:>SA to 'cornpty with the. new- rates; the
practice giv_eri·the· nature.ot the .servlce or busl!1;?.~=~""'"-conside,:ation · paid 'by lhe p~\ocJpal,t9r the
However, .for deductions of such nature. to J;i.e::va11d,
the folloWi~g:·<?Onditio,ns.:mtist -be.1 ob~r-ef~d:!~:es- \! · .
lTJ· i\J'il ~~Se!>J,JCity g_ual'ds'. .wages has. to · be ~djl!sted in
c9J1f1r~rwith. the ni~ndated. ~!3~e· increase,
~F-:ZO).. : . · _- ·· 4f'."~~
1. . The· employee concerned is, cle.ar~ st.Jp~ry..fo be '
r~~~~"""-.!l. . ,1 ,.;,-·~. . . . ·· ..
.3. °"W~e1h-'th~~S,C/PSAis found. tot be- engage~. in
· . ,.~ • ·

. ·Responsibl.e tor the loss· or 54~~ ~t,.r·:,;.,..:""~~-~~e'o~9~¢.o/~\faGting.;·...· · .. ' .. ., .

·. .2. The err,ploy.eeJs·Qive.n.·ret~@al;jl)fQP!foortuni~ "'.'.{' jr· W_t:1Er.1:·.t\e\$-$.£})~Sf'.ls found to b~ ah ln-t,Qu~~
to show cause why the deciuctfqn;shoufd not IJ'e·. ~ .u~. ageF.Jcy/\-{ · l : . . · .
made; ·: ·.' .· It ': jl ·· · I. · -f~i, 5.· .Wheh·~·ytoli't()[:l\>f.the relevant provi~io~S·Of
3. ~he amount .. of. suc.h ,e2,1;1'c~i~n ts ifair: c:,fa~]m-:-::~ne-:i.~Mr\-~E~,.~ as arn~n?ed, : h_as _heen
· .r~asonable an~ shall ryot~xee~~ the a~tuaftlii>J~~mn.I\"' ¥-~s.t~_phst,ed,ip· .~hi ~DOLE _Secretary or·h1s/her
·or·damEJge; a~d ·.,. ~ ·,...:j,AJ . · \ · .' .~'·\" ~:j-::-'"Jl,tl .n11lyfr1.!_1t~n~ite:c1°r-ar{fl~entntivein tt.,·fHtx~rc;1se·of
4. Th.fl qe~udion _frotn. lhe\w.ag~~of t~{r!.Jplcl 'ee. ~ .. ~~ -· h.~-/yjv~pro~'.Hr.riH1.'WPllWH_r.lhH' pi ir11:ipi·d ~IIHU Ille!
. v .. -~oes, not e~c~ed 20%-o\\tl;lereroploy,'e,.el,.wa9e~ l,.~ ·.. "°'aie"~1_ngjt.~~~cl~~5A1able ~1th th.El SS~/P~~ to t~e
,n a wee~.. · \~(.,.,~:! \ ~~\~.;.·: ~!l <~~~e ;of 1accr:u'e~ wage and wage-relateq ,
· · . · '. · · . ,- · t·.- \
h ~~

._,_~P ~.,. '-'~~~~-fit.s1'~rthe-cilf3t~ermay·owe,to-j~s secl,iiify

Note: In. the.ev~nt that an SS9'/f.SA re1il.liresa,,ea~J .."",../ ~a}rd. o_!Yer .privjfe., ·security·· personrel : in the ·.
deposit from· its' employeE!s, th~maxim"tiJ:u,~i:bojr_:~H~)..~f.OIIO}Yir;ig lt)Stap·qes·:'. . . . . .: ..
shall not exceed· the·.. erriployee\~1 rn<3~~*-~~J;_.·~.d(wli1_~P,, t,~ certlficafe ?f regis~r.ation ,.of· the
sal':lry; The ·~id cash d~posit may. be d~efu~teMrprn~~~~ -t,'\~§-~~~A' i~ cancelled, revoked, · o_r .not
f!1.e employ~~·s.w?ges m an a!llount w ~ s~ay[not· \/f J~ \""'->\,,r:_.~ewE:dby_t,h~ cornpetex,tauth~rity; or .
·exceed· 2q.%· .of'lhe -employee's, .yages' .(n -. e,~ l' ~,,,:<1\1.~eot!Je co.nfract· be.tween .,t~e ,p_rincipal .
. Th~ full amount of cash deposit 9educted sha)l.:151(""'~ ,~nd ··the, S.SC/PSA .is pre-'termin~ted for..
returned to the empf9yee.wHhin· 10 days from his/her . . reason$ ·nof~t(rif?utable:to··the {a.u.li'.o(the
~ separation fr6rri th.~- service ,(D. o. ·No.· 1 ~0-161 .Sec.
. ·8).: ,, .. ·. .· . .· . . . ,.;· : '.. . . .' .
o:
latter (D. No.' .1,5()-16,Sec. -9:1). · ·
:. •,
•

Liahility arid :rtisp6:!lsi_l:).ilities.of ·~~curity .. se~ice ·
contractots/ . · private · security · agencies·. and
p!'iricipals-: · < · · · ·. _. · . . . . . . . .:
Th·e· $SC/PSA and its principal._or. client shall be
jo_intly ancJ.·solidarilY 1tab11/with.each.otliefin ar-iy:o.f
the:foli9wihg .circumstances: (VVlprLin'-V) . · . . ..
1-. Wheo the'SSCWSA faits to p_ay-the.Wag·e_s·of.it~- ·
. security·· ·guar~s· ,and.·. other: pri-vate: security·.
· ··personnel, the· principal .or cue·nt . shall· be:
.. considered 'th·e "indirect employer" and shall be
·. jointly ahd severally liable wit_t.1 thci.SSC(PSA t9
: th.e ·ext~nt of the w9rk p~rfomied by sucll guards-.
:' .. and ·0th.er priv_afe security personnel· 1.1nder- the
. Service
. Agreement;
. . . . . in. the same. manner. . . and:.
K~~pi:rjg qf ~ecdrds. : · :. . . . · ·
· The principals; as. lndlre6ternployers,.shall·.keep and
... maintain:the.fr.'·own' se~arate recorcls. or :tiles:'.ori the .
c!SS.ignr'rl'erH. of sec1.1rity . gu.~rds -in. their- : premises··.
. during the. period of the service conlr.ac( which shall ..
.. be· _open..- for' 'insp~ction a'ria veriflc::ati'qn· bY.· this .
Depc!rt~ent. · . · . . · : ·_ : . _. . · .·. .. ·
All· empl.oyment .records 'shall b~ \ept ·. a.nd
. : maintained in . ahd . about. the. premises ..of. ail
.. workplaces for: ·at least - 3 year$: unless 'the ·
establishment has been' irt. existern.e. for less' than 3 .
years,.i'n whfch c~~e·i.t shaU°be required to'mainti:ilin
. employment recotds. only . durjng such short!3r
. cti.iration (D.O. No. 1'50-16; Sec: 9.4f:. · . . . .

154 r. c;?ois sAN

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-LABOR 'RELATIONS
pi SM& &4

~tda ,,!~z.::~;~7i~~~TRAL~Z:.~.::::E!?.ION:;::::~;·%019
a-

iifliDII N ± I .&
~t . . . .
'~ Res~rved Status· · · · .
~ ·secu-~ity guard and. other private security personnel JOB CONTRACTJ;NG AND/OR
i'. may be placed in a work pool or on reserved status SUBCONTRACTING (D.0. No."·
} due to l~ck of service asslqnrnent'afterthe·expiratlon 174 .SERIES OF ~0.17) ·· .. ·
, r or termlnatlon of the· Service Agreement with the
,:,-. principal .'where he/sheIs assigned, 'or due to the.
,;: .temporary suspension of. · security service .. Note: The basl~' of this section on Job Gontracti~g ·1~ ·
;{ ._operations,. or due to valid relief from· the eurrent D.O: t-J.o 174 series.of2017 (P.O. No. 174--17), which
~;: p.la~e of work and there is no work ·assignment ·. wasprornulqated on-March.16,-20:17.0.0. No .. 18-A
t.::.: available: , · · 'was theprior rule on Job Contracting. ··

·/( _ No. security . ·guard -and -other private security . NQN-A~:PLICABILI;~~'·oe~artn,~nt Circular No'. 01
;~. personnel can ·.~e pl?,ced. in :a workpool _or on Series· Qf' 2017: (June 9,. · 20.17) ctaritles th~
\·:·. reserv.ed status in any of the following situations: .inappli?abiUty_-of D_.0. ~o. 174.:17 to-tl)_e'following::··
~ (Ex'-CR)., · · · 1.-Susiness Process Outsour9Jng_(BPO); · ·
1; .. After gp.iration of a service contract.sf there are ·?· K~owl¢~ge ~ro~e~s .Outsourcing_(l:(PO); · ·
. · : . other principals where ne/shecan he as.signed;'.~ 3...l~gal· Process Outsourcing (LPO);.·"
2 .. f.;,s a meas~re to ~pnstrudively. dismiss the 4: IT. lnfrastructura Outsourcing;
.security guc;1td; and . .. . . 5. Application Development; .
· 3. As ~n act of ,Betaliation for filing. any eornplalnt ·,.=8\ 6; Har~ware-and/o~ ~oft~re Support;
-;; . · against the employer for violation of labor 1a~·V..1( · 7. Medlcat Transcription; .
f- · .
l
among others .(D.O. No. 15(fa16, Sec.
· . . . . .
10.3)!:.::%~::{~\ 8._A~m~tio~·Servje:es_; .
!_,r,,,,·~~;'1'\i:.~ .9. Baek Office.Operanons/Support;
_ ·: ··
. .
·<· N.ote: If ~f~~r. a period of 6 months, the "SSC/Fff:>f<,~:·";·f_:10.po.~str.u~tlon ln~u~~ry;, .. · .
l cannot providework or give an assignment_.~-'tli~~~·.r< ·-:~':·.~1:%,a.hli(;.\Secun!yAgencies (except · for the
~;..', <reserved security guard, the latter can b!=!-~~arat~cj.V t.r · ·Feg1S.1tsi1p,nrequiremen!S_al?. provided for in-D,O ..
t · from service and shall be cmtitlep·to separation payfl__ J1 · · No. 17~u?g); a_nd · ·· . ·
l as .des·cribed· fn .S~bs~ctiol'}. 7.S(rri{;J;i,efeof,_ ·1;,):?:.~·~· 1.2. Other 9.P~t~ctual r~lationship.
',':· · · a_ss199ment of the se~unty guard:~~g..ot~f)f=Pflvate ;." . : · a. c,~ntr,act~of;s~le_ or Rur_chas~,: ·
i .se~u,:ity p~rsc,n_rie_l as ,a r~lie':'.~r,(er-less<'Uh~on!k . 1~ .• · b. !ntLac~-{?fle<!s_e;· · . . · . : .-
.:.;. . month· shaJI not be consfdered,:a~ari ·1nterruptien BA : '.
.(.' the 6 months period ("i).0. Nd.·'V,5o~t-.G/S'e·~,10>:11~·-
1 _c. . .' ont~act~( c;:atnage; .
.. jl:J,' : ·. ~J:Gf. 9t*-~f!1ij?o.wng/9rowershipanreement;
_·

'-·· · · · .
"' - =' ' ·-· .
- · · ::.::::--'\
v.._
.F.~'.
•
;!1;1
· ,: 'II
· ~· ~
,.. .
~man~µicturiflg; . . .
. ;:,
. ·,_,.
}_ Off-detail ~r Flo~tih~.51:atus ~~":f_y~\. . p. · .:. t-i' ·.f.. Co~tr~~t of.. rnaoagement, .ope_ratioh and
\i:, .Temporary.· ''.off-detail" or "floatin~status!~\is the ·. tL.
f? period of time when sec,Utity guards a\:)i;J~Between. J..,;,,~)'~~R1-.1 Contracting ·.out .' of joJ:? .or work to
rnamtenancei . · .. . · _

:? · ·assignments. or when \hey qr.e _madei~,5wait:·_~er:::!~';i,:~~.i,1,'.$~Ji:t.ofessi.onatlindividual_ with uni~ue skills an·d

~ ·being ·_relieve~ _'from a pi'evi_o~s post'V"til,lh_~ydire · · · ·. !al~nts who q.l~s~lf/~erself performs the Job·
:·•. _. transferred to· ·a .new one. IU~kes plac\~eri, as· or work for t~e principal;. · . · .
; .· · he_re;_·. the .~ecurity_ age,:icy's clients decioJ'"':"~otto.· h. Other contr.a·cts governed.. by t.he Civil Code
.\ .. renew ttil:jlir c;~mtr.acts with t~e agency, reStJl~ing in a · . and other spe<;ia,l 1aws. ·'. . .' · :. . .
~j '· situation ~here the available pc;>sts unde(its existing. Types· of. Contracting under.t~e· i.:.:..w: · ..
~-.; .. co.~tra~t?i:ire less tt:i.an· the nui'111;>er· of-guG1r.d.s_in its' . 1_. ·_.,.Contracting. . i:>'r. si)bcont.racUrig·; ·an.
t. r.9sler. For as long as sw~trtempo,rary inactivity. 9oes . · . · arfangemeht whereby a principal agrees.tq farm ·
·« not continue for-~- period. ~xceeding..6 months,'. it·has '. out to a.· c9ntrc'!Ctdr the peifor,:nance ·o~
l· been _ruled·that pl_a.cing-an:ei:nployee.on temporary . · ..completion of a ·specific job ·.or work. within. a
~- ·. "~ff~etaW'· or ·'.'flea.ting .~a~us". ls not eq1,Jiva_lent to" ~efinite.. or P.r~determil')ed. peri~d. 'ref;jardless of
"f;· · .d~sm1ssal_:· · {Leopard .Security .. · and ·. Investigation wl'letn~r such job _or work is to be performed or
· .. · Agency V, Quitoy,- G.R. .No.. 1863-44,. i=ebruary 20, · completed within or outside the premises ofthe .
20·1.3). . pnnclpal·(O.(?. No. 17f~17, Sec: 3(-c)): .: ·.
2; · Lat;,or.-Only . <;:ontrac~ing -; ~ri - arrangeme.nt
-wher~ tl)e". co11tracfor. 9r· subcontractor: merely"
~e0rl!1ts,c suppJies or _plac_es·w,orkers. to .perform a·
JOb .or ·work for a · p,_rincipal, and -the :.elements ·
hereun·d~r are preseht. (D.b. No. 174-1'7; Sec.
3(h)): . .. : ·. , .. .. . . . ·
a. Th_e contractor or. subcontractor· does not
have: . . ·
i. Eith_er (1} . s.ubstantic!! capital .. or (2)
investments .in ·thE: form of. tools,.

2019' SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZEC?.B.A.R.OPERATIONS I 155·

 lABO}t.RELATI.O.N·S·-
-5AN BWA tAWCENTlt'.LIZE'D BAR OPERATIONS - fy!EMORY·AIO,'JOl'.l
~~~!i.tl~~~n:u1mwtlllal?9MPBIIB\IB!ll!mllll llll:ll!l!lllll..!lll:liZ&-s,11111111!1KiDi~C§ll!mllllllllll!ICElll~,~!mSWBIIW!!llll!~f~·&BHil~.a-~ftz;mi11!,8!1nP+
.. ma&1•·~QIS7IIIU&jllm!ID.lall.

equip.:nent, machineries, ·.supervision •. b. The place of"w°ork and. terms and c~ndition.
work premises, among others;· and . of employment, includlnqa statement.of the
ii. The . contractor's . ·Or
suocontractor.'s '. wage rate applicable to the individual
eii,ployee·s recruited', and placed. are employee: . · ·
perfori:ning· activities 'which ~re directly
related to the .main business· operation· The .contractor/subcontractor- s'~all -Inform; the'
of the principal; or . . . . employee.of the foregoing stipulations in writing ·
b, The contractor. or' su.b~oht_rat;tordoes· not . on or oefore the first day of his/het employment .
·exercise th~· ri.ght to· ·control.· over. .the ... :.'(D;O. No.:·174-17, Sec. 11'(a)).. ·
pe'rfol'rriance' of '.the .work of the employee:
(P.O. N?·· 174-1.1,.~ec. ?)· . 2.. Service Agreement between th~ principal and
. . the contractor fontain.ing the terms and
Letter·{a) above enunefates the ."Dirpct ~elation Jo . conditions g9veming · ·the .performance ' or
Prtnclpal's Busirie_ss" Test.which seeks to· address completion ofa specific j<>!:> or work peing 'farmed
-the.. issue. of· whether the · employees 'recrulted, . ... · . out-for a definite or predetermined period '{D,O .
. supplied. or placed by a contractor/subcontractor to -No. 174-17, Sec. ~(j)l · . .
.the princjp~l; are performing. 'actlvities .Whfch ar~ . . .
directly related to the main 'bushtess operation of.the . . The service agreement·shall include· the foJlowing:·
principal (2 · <;HAN, . The Labor. Code' . of .. f!JJfc.,1,..:.::.-.=,,,,_,;,, _a. The ._specific descriptlon of thi::· job or work
Philippines,. Annotetea l..abnr ·RRIRti~m.,J30.1>7f,~p.lf )·" 'A, ~'"""B;iflg-· su.bcontracted, including, ifs· term or.
"<::/.

,,_r .(:} . · Y..:;; · i. ',-., r d,1;.itaj101:1;,

252) [hereinafterCHANJ.. · : . · . .;
: . . . . : .. . . . : . -~0 .'
The ' existence . of- . one.: el~men~1s ""s~l:1~fif to ·
r~,?~ . .::_ bf : - · ·
]h~p~~e.of work and .t.erms and con_d1tio~s
·,_96ve,p:\1Q~the contracting arrangement, to ..
· ·: . . .

establish. \abor~?_rily,contract!ng .LC~~sJ.lq,gtt1er~~·~,;:"'~~JL(ite t~-~greed ·amount .of. th!? ?O~tracted _

PHL., Inc. v. · Ag1to,· G.R. I:,Jo. J/fll§il6.,;Jebry_ary~~ ;[ ·."o//" · ·· ;101:>\,olf~~r~"as .well .:<;IS the standard
2009). ·.· . s · "~Y,, · f .· · ·Jf' · ,@!':'- .· .U~ · · ·.. ldmil'JisJra~~ve~fee-·of_n?l l~s~ t~an .1~% of
· · ·
Existence of TrllatEfraf-Re1;:1t1'~t,rp.
IL, · · . IJ
L--:-- .M ..t~)'-<,. · · ~w..
t,ti~ t9li:i1 a.nd .
rn'r1·~·c'"'."'"-f.'prb.vi,ionor\the i$suance of the .bond/s, .
, • ·.

. _Irr. le~iti~ate :cpnt~acting, ·(~~~;t.p~fbwjn~·-~onti''.a'9s-r:,: 11 ~~- , ~ei:iew~11r.evtnY ye~r · (D. 0 . .' :f'>I?· /1 !.4:17,
exist:· . _. · · ::~ 3 · .. . l.. · .. _ , wiffl.l: , !Sec. 111/b)t,,-,:jij · ·. . · - ·
.. 1•. Contract . fo! · a speci~. ~b~ ~ori·-~·~~r:vke ~m c: ~}JJI!» f . . ;, '/( . · . · ·, · . . . · ' . _-·
betweei:i · .tlie_ · . PJ!flCi~a)'\ , ~~ffi.~~I r-r lemp2Js.J/ offk-4:;_eg!~imate. 'CQntracting. · or .
. . e,;ontractor/sub_contractorllma .\ CIA\(.: ~ Jt-'\$,ub_g~qft_actin'g: (DC:t,fR) · ·. . · - · ·
2. Contr.act .· of :·:·empl~ymilit :~et\;'."~. JU' ~·~~~~~Fon~4ctor o~-s1:1bcontracJor·is engaged·ii:i a·
co~t!:3C~<;>rlsup~ontractor \~nd.,.· · il'\_ . 'Wotl<e~,..: ,/ an9 .
· -,, ~istinc),:f /n?Eipend7nt · .. bu.sines~·. and
(Allv,ado.. v. Procter· & . G_,(Jm'fJ/f) ':'f-fL.;~,g_c.;{~,jENt\Nh~~J,fa~e-~ to Jf~tforr:nthe J.~b .or work on·1ts· own
/Vo. 16()506, M[!rCh 9,,201P)-~: . .';,~~-..:::.:-=-~~~~Rortwt>itt,wac<?ordmgto its own method; · · .
· ' . · ... .- · -~ ·. ' ,<.Q.~ ..,-.....-....=~' ~l:fe\co.titi;.~rctor·orsubcontractor ~~s substantial
Parties. lovo.lved in Contra·~ti'!,~·
The fo!lo~i.ng parties are· irivqlv.ed:·.:. . ·: :·~~
, vJ . ·~AJ'
.. .l\".Q!3l)iJ;yf~ cariy" ~uLtf:e _j~b far~ed :"out..b).' the·
·.. ~ l_~JtiJ(cl~al.pn. his' accouht, <manner .and ~~thod,.
1- P.rmc1pal;
·2. Contractor/sui:icontractor;.and ..
· · . · · · · · =~"' . : ·
.·. ·. · .
investment,· In·· the.. · for1p · of' tools,:·· equipment,
machinery and s1.i'per.vfs.ion-~·.. ' ·.. ·.. · ,. ·. · ..
3.: 'contractual worJ<~r.i,; (.1:'-Aju¢ENA,: .. ifU/Jr8 .. at 3.. ·Jn , 'perjor~irw ·,t~e:: work ·:fami~d' ..out,. .the
305-306). · ·. ·· .'·. contraGtor, or sub9o·ntractor is· ,Eree .fr.or:n the·
· ·, .control a'r:id/or ·d.iscreti<;>n .of..t~e ·prin_9lpal 'in all
TWo. ~i~cis ~f ·~on~'~act~ r~q.Uir.ed•in 'a Tril.at~raJ· . . matters. conne<;ted '{Yith the perfor.l"(lance of.the
.. Relationstiip: ·.. . . . ... . .. · . · work ·except'as to the-result thereto; and ... ·. ·
·. f. . E'p,ploym~nt . Con~ract_. . · ;be~een . . · itie · 4. Th.e Serv.ice -Agr~em.ent ensu'res :.corppliance
·co~tractor/subcontrl;!ct~c. :a~!:f · ifs ·amplorees. . .. , with· all the· Rights ·and ~nefits for an tl;le·
Nolwitli~tandi.ng any .or~I qr writtel'.l stipulations . · employees · of the· contractor or subcontractor .
to ·ttie' contrary,. the ··contract.' betwe·e.n the.. under-. the labor:laws (D.:O. 'No. .f74-17; Sec. 8·
c9ntract<;>r/su1;>contractor.- and. it~ :e_m~ioy.e~s (20J7)i, '. ,, .·.. . ... -.:- . · . : .... ::
shall ·be. governed by ,the prov.isio(ls of Articles
294 i:!M. 29$ or tfi~. ~abor Code. 1as amended,· Npte: In ·the .a.bsence of these.. ~eq.ulslte$; what
''.including the'. .prqvisions: on general- .''i'abor exists is a "labor-only''. contri:ict under·which the
·... sta'ndards. '1t ·. shall include· . the . following .. pers.on acting 'as contractoris considere.d l'l.'lerely .
': stipulations:. · . .-'. · . · · .. ·. '. . · · · an age!')t or intermediary who .is responsible to
. a: The specific.descriptjon·of the Job or work to. · · .the workers in the sar:n·e- m·anner ~;indto the same .
... be P.erfor.m~d·by·the eml?i?y.ee_;--and · .. . e:<1erit as' if they had bee:n· d_ir~ctly e~plo~ed by

156. 2019 SAN.. BEDA LAW CENTR.ALIZEQ BAR OPERATIONS

 iW m

LAB.OR RE·LATl:O:NS
SAN 8~/JA LAW C£~LIZ~D BAR OP£RATIONS - M£MORY 'AID 2019
:;,·.., . p WAMW . A Ail WA4if8¥1MIE1Mt#:f'Zt •·•
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~};·, him (PqBA-Manila v. NLRC, G.R. No. 114143, Grounds tor Cancellation·ot Regisfration
if.~··. August 28, 1996). · The Regional Directer shall,' 'upon- a .verlfied
if~~- · · ·. · · · . . . complaint, cancel or revoke. the registration. of a·
~(Substantial· · Capital refers. to paid-up ·capital contractor aft.er· due process; based on any of the
'}\;tocks/shares;of-.at least 'P5,0.00,QOO in the case of . following g_ro"i.m.ds:·(MiS~~l,.a2-~2-PV,_1·012) . · . .
'il'.'c_~rpora'tion~.partnerships and cooperatives: ln the ·1. Misrep~e·sentation of facts lnfhe applicatlon; ·
· .'case of single'J:1roprietorship; a net worth ofat least 2. Nori0subinissiori' of ~ervice Agreement-between
P.Q,000,.QOO (D.:0,-No: 174-·17,:Sec. 3, (/)).. .: the pr.in.cipal-and thecontractor when requiredto
.,··· . . .. . ... . . . .do so; . . . .
,V Note: "Su.bstantlal capnar.and "investment in tools, 3. Non-submisslon .Qf ttie 'required §.emi-annual
Yequipment,. implements 'macbtnerles and' work report as ,provided in Sec, 22. (Semi-annual
.'::°pr.einises" · should ·. be treated as 2 distinct· and r~p·ortiog)"ther.eof;· · : ·· . .'. . . · · . :
-~· separate requirements. iri determlnlnq-whether there 4. _l'llon'0cotnpliance . with.. !:,gbor 'standards and
~.Js.'·a perrnlsstble. cont1qc;tin~ pr' .subcontractinq : working conditions; . . ,_,:. ·. . -
.:, .. arranqement (Neri v, NLRC,. G.R.. Nqs.. 9.7008~09, 5. · Non-compliance WiJh SSS1 ·the HDMF; Pag-
. ··.Ju_ly_23; 1993): . . . . .. . ., /8/G,'PhllHealth, and ECC Laws;: · · .
. . ·· . . -, 6. Submission.of falsifi$d. 6t tamper~ apP.iication- ·
: :nie ·Suprern.e Co\.11:t· )r'I thi3 case of Neri ·v. NLRC · or- ::>upportir:,g documents ·to the· application. for ,
I ruled that "[t)he law does not require both substantial , . regfstration; . : ,
.. capital. and investment in the form 'of ' tools; ~-:~':!) 7. ·.Collecting any 'fees not authorizedbylaw and
.. equipment, machineries, etc. This is . .clear from tne(',.,J1 ·. other applicable ri.iles. and 'requlafions;' · .
X; f·
.use cf (t:ie ·aonJ_i,J.c,tion,'or (N~rl NLR_C, _G.R::f(it.$.)(.;:,;::\
8~ Final findings that'-th_e.contract9r h~~ en_g·a~i~in
-.:-' 97008-CJ[!, Ju/y-2311993).x . . . " . "r-x:·.-, ....:( :·1abor~only ·contracting and/or ·the ~roh1b1ted

~i:·;. M~nd~_~o·~ .·.. ;Rl3_gl~tration· :_ ·

fL Legitli:nate.C'°<?ntr~~~ors :
and . _·Re-~i$!ry/)i'~;~;:f
. .· , A,..,... ·. :t··· i:-i
fj,~;Q.;~~~W.:¢t~~~:=~t:~r!~~!°.;e~t~f::~e~~tf
9. Violat1on.S\.of any prov1s1ons· of the Lab9r Co<;le;
~'· CQl)sisJ.etit. witti. fna··a~thority.. qf_ th~jec~~t~ry <lf:-1~-~! f1[), . ·. · .. · . · . ·._. . .
-a~d: . .. . ·
·t Lc1bQt a.nd Empl_?~.erit·to. rE!stl'ict o,~Jgr~.~1b1t t9ft"'
'<,, .c~.~tr(!ctin~.··9ut pf lo~.oi:.. to pr9t~i;:p,tt-11f.n~hfsof· r-<-
f\ 10. ·Fmp!n1(st\?1~·v1olation ·of · Sec. -10. (R1gt,ts... of
·. _contr~ctofs,mployees} or.· $ec, .. 11" (Reqwe._d
~t- · w~~~ers; 1f ~hall ..fie ·mJ,;m~J1to_ry:;.R>~.a.II ~r-s?n.s o<h ,A.· · .cont.~act~J of.~~se ruJes (D.0. No~· 171-17;·-Sec.
~;~:. ·. en~,t!~s; c1cting a~ C~>n!.ractors:,;i!P. ~~,s.~i:.. .~3~LJl~~-J..-,. . . · · , , .' · . .
':'."It~ th~ .•. f;j .. ..
.. Reg1<;>n9f O~ce ·Of. the DOL~,,Wh~r.e ijj.,p:nnc1i',.~1x
operates (p.o. No.. 174,~17, Se'd.r./4);prAf
,··ri. ~<i;,:."J'.-,;f ..!R ..~•V; ·,. .
P.1'} · ,,f E.ffects"(!iJ;)uttoellationof Registration . , .
. . . .
. .: .... , . · ,.· :,::. . .: .. · .:~~::9."'\\ . · l1-
}! .. .A. fir:ial Order ·q.f. cance.llption. shall. di,,;.t.~st the
';'· VallditY.:· :c;>f.._. Ce'rtificate ... of.·. ~e.g_i$trat_iqn of f'"i-:....,..cohtractor of its, legitimate status to ·engage. in .
;::-· :co~J~ac.t.cits : . :" . :, . , .... ·.:·\'.>;f. 01_ ·.. .. _,,,(::•;:: \<!q~rn~w.t~/~ub~ontracting. . Sgch _.. , order.: . of
'ci~· The corJtra~tor·..sh.aJI b.e del:!m.ed reg1~\~red on.1,t)m-~---~~aM~etfauor:\ shall be a gmund to deny an.appllcat1an ·
F tl.1~· d_ate.of-is~~~nc.e o(i.t$. Cer:tificat~ o~,~g_is}~a~on. . for. renewal _of ~eQis~tior:i -~-0 _a. col)ti'actor under the · .
ij~' ... ,··. .. ,. ,. : . . ·. . .-. . ~?:ti::~ . . .. Rules.. · .· . . · . . .
;c;. Th.eL(:;ertificat~ of. Regi$trati01:1 st,~11· t;>e · ef(ecti~~-for . · · · · · ··
·;,; . .Z._ye,ar~.: uriies·s..9imcellerd. after"c~u·e proces~. The Nb ~ontractor whose registr·ation·is cancelled Under . ·
% . ·s!3me.. shall' .be. valid · in : the region wheie it i~· · these Rules·:or ahy of its officers ·sh'c:ill-be allowed·.t~>
>{. r-egis!ered:: . . . ·.. . . . , : . qper.ate ·.ind apply fon:iew registration as-contfactor
;, . . under.· either' the same cir 'different name. . . .
.t. ln,cas~. the contr:actor:.h'as s'(;)rvice)\greein~ots.'qt. . .... ··.\ . . ' ....
f operate~.. _oufaide ·.the· juri~diction. oUt:i'2 R~gion·a1. · · · · Th~ cancellation pf {he registration'of thEfooritractor
~- Offfoe_ where it.is re·gistered, it 'shall' re_q·u0$t-.a" auly .. · .. for. eitgag ing ·in ·1abor~6'nly conttactjng o'r for.violation
au.th.enticate~r 90PY. of its Cer1if!cate· of ~egistr?tion · · - :· of any of the: · pro~isions · of th!3 · Rules- .invoJv\iJg a
·~·: .ffol"fl ttie registering Regior,al"Q,ffice !311<:f submit th:e :p.ar'ticular Sen(k;e 'AgreelT)ent 'Wfff','riot, ··howev~l°r,.
~- -same to t11e ppLE' Regiona°l'Offic,e.wtiete.'jt ~ee_k~to impair · the .'validity of.' .. existing< legitimate· job.
. ope~ate;3;. tqgether with · a~- ·copy,' .Pf its Sf:)rv_ice-· , ·con_trcictinga'rrarQemenis the coi:,tractor, may have .
·Agre!3njent/s-in .thcfarea, for. pt.1rp'os¢s of:mpnitoring ehtere~ into'_. wi}h · other pril)C[pals pr-.ior: to· the
.compllance 'with the .rules (D:b.'- No.· 174-17, · ·Sec. can"ellat.io'ri. of ·'its registtat!bn. Any ..vafjd. and··
· ·.2PJ.:. · · · .·. . .. . , · . ·. · . ·... · . . · · · subsisting Service.. Agre.ement · shali: be' respe~ted
. . . until .its expiration; _thereafter, · contracting WI.th ·a
NQte.: The absence of reg'is~r~flon:o~_lygives. rise'.t~· . ·delisted.-·contractor. -~hall make the princip_al· dire.ct
the presµrnption •that the contractor is engaged in .· employer of. ~I.I emj)loy.ees· under"· the Service .
labor-only contfifoting wh.ich·can be refuted.(Aklan. v. . Agreements pursuant'ta Articles. ·106'and .109 of the
San· Miguel Corp., G.R. ·No: 168537, ,December 11, Labor c,ode (D.O. No'. 174-17, Sec. 26 (20.17)).
20()8). . . ..._:. . .

20.l9·SAN _SEDA LAW CENfRALIZED BAA OPERATIONS I· 157

·-- ... --------------

 lA'BO . R. RELATIONS
SA~ BEDA LAWCE,NTRALIZED BAR OP.£RATIONS..- M~MORY AID·2019

Other Illicit Forms of · Employment 6. Such other practices. schemes .. or employment

.A.rtangements:.(CO~S-RC)·. . arranger;n.ents·designed to ~ir'cumv.entthe rigt:,t
1. Principal farms .out work to a ,•~ab9";. . to securify ottenura _(D.O. No. 174-1.7, ·sec. 6).

Note': "C~bo'; .ref~rs. to·~ person .or .group of . :Job Contra.c.ting v, Labor-Only Contr~ctiilg
persons qr to a. labor group which, under the· . ·
·. guise of a labor.orqanization, cooperative or any
entity, supplies workers to· an -ernployer; with- or
without any monetary or. ottier consideration,
·,whether- iri . the capacity of: ail ·age,nt of the ·
employer of.'. as: an ostensible independent The .., employer .or The· employer/. principal
contractor.(D.O. No: 1'74_-1.7, Sec; 3(b)). prtncipal is -considered is 'treated . as direct.
.. . only. . )ui indirect employer .o'f · ;. the
· 2. · Contracting.Qut'pfjob or. work: . ·.: employer , : : (PCI contracfor's employees
. .. a. · throuqh an.in-house agency~· . -Autometlon Center, inc. iri . "air · instances
b, .throiJgh ., an - in-house cooperative .which . . . v,.' N/.:.RC,. <;.R. No. (contractor is .merely an
· · merely supplies workers tothe principal; · · · 11.5920, . January · 29, a'gent of the employer)
.c .. :t;iy,reason of.a·.,strike' orfockoutwhether · 1996). ·: ·. ·;. ·, (Manifa..Wate(Company
.: actualor imminent; . : ·.
· d. ·. being .perforrned. by -unton rriem9e.w-a11d
· · .such will interfere with..-,re~tra,i~.o'g.er.ceU·
u
· · · . ..::,..~..-"" ....:., . . ·. ·
·11., ~..,,.~. ·
·. '~,··!. '!?. ~: · .:_1Elli
.
. .. - '.
v... · Pena, G.8. . No.
1$82551.JlflY 8,·:2004)'. .,

.
,
.. ·
. : .. employees in the exercise 'gfr't~·efr~Jig.tits'.';t.QJ.r.,=;-=-.""';·
.. self-orqanlzatlon as provJ.9~·Jn ~£.5§'

· 1.7, Sec .. 6). . /~..r->i 'l:· r: .

'
of . ..
the Labor Cpde, as ame,r}dea~,rp19,-N9~1i1"4~·~""'""' .....
lD1- 'if
~ 11 ,,,
• •
. . .. . . ,
. :_t.hei~~'~l;_e?J~s-~~'\.Er-.The .stab.,it~ cre~~es an
.. . . !I ~)I . l ·. 1f' ~ . '~.e.. re(~~·on~~r·:or\ a !=r-.E_e relatt~ns.h}P.' fo~ a
ln~ous~. A_gency refers tdf ?,.., con;factor~which. i~. ~(.:~. hm1~ed wurpo ),l {:,f:t\\0 .~omprehen~tv.e. p1:1rp0se,
· .~' owned, managed, Or controJ~dJ:IIT~,ctly or ij,1:firec!!i.4mr ·e_flStlf~-~ . .. th.9.t. . .)~~ (1:~·. to . prevent . a·
: · by .the: P!incipc1I .: or . oner ~hEirr,.·. the. \Prirlcriijit2J~11.::;.~ID._Pl~y,es ·. ar,~'!""'·p'iu~ClrCUl)'lVentton . of · l~bor
· owns/i"epres~nts any ~hari -o~jock antf whp.~~·t}1e1r ~ges). f~M,CJ.q ·~ws) (~MC v... MAEf!.C
.. opera~es,solely or mainly .fottnd,11rinci~'~Pi.o. N'!_~;i;.m.:! ~Mfl.Efl11.'11~.lnfe_wa~e.~. l.nt~,a~sd_services,·Inc., .
. 174-17,·Sea. 3(1)).
-. ·. . · · .
. . '&., fl)\\
i \}f \\:
:~' G.·
~~ . ·~ f1116$,
"""~,t;f., ,sr;,y~
,&. I
... P:Ji,~lfJ?.
7f3ftc
~/y JP, :20{)3};
supra! _
. . ..
.., .. ·

·· ' 3. ·. Requiring ... t~_e_ '.contr?~flor's_lg.~co~-.re~~

[, ~ 6 'P ·· Ii . · ·
.e°:ploye~s.. . : .. ..:\.'. . ~ •. • : ., • • , •
. a .. To perform functions i?dlich a~ ''-g_u.. e.@JY:.rEN"'r •..:.. :.,,· . : ..;, ·· · ' '. · · ....... ·
.. -~;:~; %~~~~~~ ~~· t~~ ~~ula~n,~~ ~na'(~ir.'~~~!'~c~rn~~
·.b .. T.o s!gn, as a precondltron t~ytu~t or .,.. f fqrifrf18~(~~e ev~n~ .contr~ct.or. not .o.nly for
~~1fd~~~~n·i:~~:e: ~i~~~ci .
. C?,~lim,.1~d:, erpploymen_t·,.. an ant~d~~·· JV.!i. :.'b.:~!.tfj:j(~ils
.to p,aythe .unpaid ""'.ag.es_b1.1t~lso for· ..
resrgnatron letter; .a blan.ls payroll; a· wa,ve · - :9'1'.fiployee~ -~ages .and al~ ..~he .rrghtfU.I clarms.·.qf
·of · labor :. stariaards . ·including . ·minimum · ·for · V'ioJa.~or:r: of .l~bor tt,e e.mplo.y~es urid~r. th~ .
. .wagEis'.arid social ·Or 'we'ttare: ben~fits; ·or a . ~tar~ar~ :·. la~s~· . Toe. Labor·cp.d_e and al')cillary .
. quitclair:n, · releasing. the' .. ·princ!par·· pr : lrabrhty, however,. d.oe:3 la~ . .($M~ . v.:, M~f=.R(; .-·
.contractor, from . liability· :air. to payment. of .' . · .not ... exte.n~. ·_ .to·. ,J.he)ntBf]rafed Serv1c~s1 lncT
f1,.1ture claims; opequire: the em'ployee t(? payment of b~71<.Wc:'!ges supra). , · . · , . .
,, :· become a member of a· ~ooperativ~. · · . a.nd/or separa.~J<;>n_payof
· 4. · .Req!,liring: ... empJoyees . . . ·under. . , c;1 ~mploye?s w_h~· :- . are
' · . con~raqtitj.g1subc9ntracting ~rrangemen~ to sign rl!e.gally : . d1_sm1S~_ed
a, contract fixing· ,he period' of erhploymE!.nt to a... (Ros,~oot/·Proces;;mg ..
term · Shorter' than'· the: term: of the Service . v, ·.. NLR.C, . G.R•. No... ,
. Agreement, unless the .<lODlFactis.'divisibie'jnto 116476-$4, .. May "21, ·..
. - · . . phases fo'r.'{Jhicti s.ubstan~fallydifferent ~kiJls .,ire, 1.998),
. . .. required and this :is' made known ·.to. the. .
. . .em Pl?,yee at ttie tim.e'pf engagement;.. . ~---,---......-'~__:._,__.,.....,_ _ __,__ ""---,..:.,--..;,..,.,_J
5. · . Repeated hiri.hg by the c9'1fractor/subcqiitra~tor.. · :
. ·. of.·employees 'under an employment' contract·of .
· .sht:irt duration~ · · · ·

· 158 I 2019 SAN BE;DA !-,AW CENTRALIZED.BAR OPERATIONS

 o W>wtew, ••••
LABOR .RELATI.ONS
SAN BEDA_LAW CENTflAUZED ~R OPERAT{ONS, -· MEMORY AID 2t;,19 , · ~·
MAE
·.
M'.*4i&CMG A5P 294 SiiU4MiitMll&M&Wii+k%],El115W~ ~ ..~

solid~ry Liabili.ty of the Princip~( · _ Note:. Where the .e.n,ployer fail~ to require the
In ·permissi!>l.e ·contracting arrangement; the term .contractor to post a bond, the employer must answer·_
•solidary liability" shall refer . to the liability of the for whatev~r liabilities· the contractor may ·h~ve
'. p·rindpal, purs1,1~mt.to the pre>visions_of two articles of Incurred to ·his employees. This is with.ot,it prejuqice.
.;the labor,Code,riamely: ... - . · . to its seeking reimbursement from the contrac,ior for
'1. Art .106, ·re'garding the li'ability.of the principal, in whate'ver amount it. wiil have to . pay the" said
:-'.. th1isame n:i'anner and extent th~Mie/she is liable employees (BfJguio v. NLRC, G.R.. No. 79004-08, .
to his/her direqt employees,. to the.ext1;mt of the Octof?er4, 1991). .. · ·.
work pe,rforined unde'r the' contract when th·a
con.trader. fails . to .pay the wages' of his/her. Effects of Violatio~ ~f Secs .. 10 Qr'1·1'of D.O. N~.
employees; and· _ - · . . · 174~1'7
i. 2. Article 1.09,.as directem'ployei''togethetwith.the· A . .finding of violat.ion of either ·sections 10 or ft .
pon~actor..for any .. vicjfatiori .o.f ~ny: proyision.'.of hereof, shall rerider'the'.prin'cipal 'the direct employer .
' the labofCope (CHAN supra at 258). -. ' · ·. . of -the employees of the ·contrc1ctor or subcontractor,
. . . . - . .
., . . . '
. N.bfe: The principal shall besolidarily liable With the
. ·.. .. ' . · . pursu~int to. Art. :109 of the Labor ·code (D.0. ·No.
. 174~17, Sec. 12).. ' · · ·
. : contractor in the" event of' any' . violation of any
provision of thE? .Lab~r Code; incl!,ic;ling failure to pay Effect of Termination ..of Employment
. :wages. This will not . prevent. the principal from The dismissal ofthe contractor's·employee prior .to.
· · , f h. ··· · (. · s · - the expiration of. the Service. Agreement shall· be ·
clail'f!_ing reimbursement rom t. e contractor 'Al Av>-,,,-_,·:) governed by Arts. 297, 298, .and ·299 ofthe Labor
NLRC, G.R. No.. 1.1'1722, M{!y27,: 1997)~ . /1./'·~'~)(.
· · , :_ . . . · ', · . . · - J,·~·ij<·:ii\. Code ..
In. fact, .even. i.n·. the ·absenc~ of ~,:~Ee.: reJatio~sr:ip'.::·:}:it\) In ca.se the term.1riation of employmentis caused.. by
between. the lndirect..em.ployer_~nd.the md~pen~~~~.;··-~i';]f;.-;ttJ~P.E,e-teT:'JR~tio~of the Service Agreement. not
. cof!l:actor'_;, worker~'. both th?.Jn~re~t.~':'Pl?Y-~al\cti,:Jf'•r~--~uec::t9,':!'IB'.;§1Nthonzedcauses under Art. ·298, . t~e
i~e · i~dE;!pendent ._contt!3cto.r .a.re soh~a~1y,~µiole forr- .. ! ~ ni:iht of tfie ,l;ti;r:)Ploy.~!::sof the contractor .to · unpaid
t· violation of'labor.standard. l~ws (De_(e:.ti!J· NL.RR(/;:::'.l · wages_ a~_9lt!\?ther unpaid benefits .. including
%. ·
t.
:X:
G.R. '": L-787~3, Fe,br!)ary.27'. 1991{:-. :i.rJ"';,...;,;,i ,/.';.
·. . · :. : _ . .: ,. · _ · · . . ', _;'-~.5 J.s.~ . . '. ,;,~!,~. .
:un~em1tte9/l~1:Jci!, mandatorycontrlbutlcns.i.ehall be
borne byl)th.e;p'a~y:;it: fault, without .P~~judiS~ to the· -
· The principal shall .~e deemeg...t~~emplctyek:~f th~.,·_ !··~ solidalY/tliab)li_ty.\9f' the parties · to the ·-Service ·.
1,: contr~ct~al em~loyee and. -~tn~~Lr,~e (j!!,.~~!IY h~bl.e?: f':'.'{ ·Agr~~-.rne.nt: .~ . l-., ·. · . . . · ·. . ·
\· SUCh as . In . follOWlng CaSeS . . as .lifee_
'Q lar-e-0~:)[.C_Orp9~rJ-l,
· . ., :;J ~ ,), , ·h'"''J · ..-i>'J..H,~l_;J'
·;:'~'h·,r
"' ··- __',,,~. .. ,,, · . ,. . . _. ·. . .·
;,·
"f_·
,:,!,;
-
auth~rity;:':: '. .. _ ·: - . . _
1. l:.abor~onJy 9ontracting; and "\;~~"':'=\:,·:l..
< ~:"~ ~7.",. .
t~;1. : f_;;;_ · Th~ merel~fiiratfoli of the. Se~vice.Agreem.ent shall
,/1 . t,; not ·be .~eemed. as:a term1nat1on of employment.of.
_;;·:. .2:· ·.con~~~tin:g· arrangement f~llip'{1, .. w.i~~~n_::the . ~~;-:"::t,~~-co~tracto,r.'s/subconti;actbr'l:! employ.e~~w.ho are
f: proh1b1ticms ·raroadw,ay Motor.s, fn.'%:.fJtIY~Lf;·S..,.-4;;;):;.r~~~f!l,J:?IJ'.),Ploxees<;>f the .latter (D,O. No. 174-1•7;
.f G.R.· No. 78382;.Decem/;Jer.-14; 1ff.87). · . / ..-.,,---~..-·<~Seo,·-1'3)\±JJ . . . ·
w • . - · .· ~~ff. · (FT · · · . .
:,. . .Noie: Gen~ra1.iy, th~· confr~ct~r i~:p~esW~~~ te a
(
t- .·.
. labor~c:irJIY ·· cori~ractor, unless __ such ·. contractor
ove'rconies the burden. of- proving that. it. has tlie . "1'~llMINATION OF
'!·: .subs.taritial qipitaf•. 1nve$trnent; tools and -the 'like, : EMPLOYMENT:.
' . Howe.lier,\,vh~re the prindpat is the one '<>laimingthat . ·
the .. cc')nfriictor:. is. ·a .
legitimate. contractor, said'. .
principal . h'as the burden. o(provfng_ that supposed : . ·ART.ICLE
. 2g1:.TERMINATl'ON
. .. . .. EMPLOYER·
BY ·. ~ .· .
:;/:.:~. str-1tu.s (Ali/if1 v. pstr.qn·corp:~ G.R. Nq. 177592, June:
''t 9,·2.014/ . •' . ... , I .
TQtality ~f l11fractions .Docfrine _
Wt. 'The totality of infractions' ·or number of violations .
committed duril"!'g th.e period of en:iployrri'ent stiall·be .
lfo~ting.ofJ:JonJ . . ·:. . .
.An einployii'r or indi,r~ct employer.m.ay require· the· _ .consiqered in deter-miriing, thE{ penalty' to be· imposed
. contractor or'subcc:mtractor·to. ft.frnish a bond:equal ,' on the. erring . employee. The offenses committed
.of
to 'the cost labor' under contract,·'on. pondition' that should ,riot be.taken singl'y·and ~epa,rately'but.jfftheir
totality ·(Alvarez. v. Go)den Tri _Bloc, Inc., GR. No.
1r1e . bo.nd .wili 13nswer: 'for the . wages: dµe. the
.e.mployee~ sl')qµlc:t the' contractor or· subcontractor,· _202158, September25, 2013.}, · '
as the case (flay be, f13il to pay the. sarhe .. · Entitlement to Sepata:tion Pay .
. . . \ '. '
Gene'ral Rule: An employee whose eniploym.ent is
The. bond shall .be ~quai to. the cos1 l~oor under of ,'tei-mtnated by reason of jul?t ca.uses is hofentitled to
cprtract'.(1 POQUIZ, supra at 246).,. : · · · . sepa.ration pay except as· expressly provided for in
the ·company·policy or CBA (0,0. No. 147-15, Sec.·.
~~ .

2019 SAN BEDA LAW ~~NTRALIZED BAB OPERATIONS 159

 LABOR RE.LATION·s.
SAN Bf.DA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPER/\TIONS- MEMORYAID·2019
Ii I e,,eituz,maI SMi?IM Fi± i!R!EHP~ ciMetiMIIUiE:ii&a ·

Reasorl': Lawbreakers should not benefit from their Requisites:

illegai acts (Toyota Motors PHL Corp. Workers a. There-must be misconduct;
Association v.·NLRC, G:R. Nos. 158786·& 158789, b, The misconduct must be.ofsuch.qrave and
October,19, .2007). . . . · ·aggravated character; ·
c. It must relate. to. the performance of: the .
Ex~ept: Whe~· ~tie court find~justif1cation in applying · employee's duties; and · ·. · ·
. the ·principle Qf soclal justice welf-entrencl)ed in the d. · There must be 1>.h.bwing that -the employee
, 1987 ·· Constltutlon (Toyota Motors PHL Corp. becomes. unfit, to. continue working for the . 0

· Workers Association v. NLRC, G.R. Nos. 15:8786 & employer (p.a. No. 147,-15, Sec. 5.2,(aj}.
. 15$]89;. p~tob_~.r.-~9'.2007). · ·
Examples: . . . .
Nc;ite: An employee dismissed 'for a valid cause, a. ?~xlfal. harassment (D.0 .. No. 147-1.5, Sec.
-·· · although not entitled to separation pay, is s.till entitled 6), .. . _ . . . . . .. . . . . . .
. · -to: . · · b. · Figh1ingwl~hin:co_mpany.premise~·(Techriol,
·· t.. ·senefifs under the Lalj)or C.ode or-other existing Eight f?hilippine,s Corp. v. NLRC; G.R. No,
- '. l~ws ,( e:g. service incentive leaves}; . 187~0!), Aprk.13, 201O);. ·.. ··. . .'
2: . Benefits granted by C.E3A provisions; -; c. -.l.}ttering .. obscene, '. insulting or .. oftenslve
3.· Benefits· granted by voluntary management words ·against a superior (Autobus Workers':
policy or practice (Toyota Motors PHL Corp.· . Union, et' et, v. NLRC, G.R.. No. 1:17453,. ·
· WOfkers· Asso_ciatiorj·. v.. NLRC, ·G.f!.__1)/c:JS:""~;: . -~::~~~une'26,.f.998);·.. .. ·: .' -, ·· . :
..
·1!)8:'(~6-&.1'(58789, October:.19'..2Q(!lfa'~j~. -\l --1
j\.Jd:t f:~1.§Jficat)on · <;>f_ ~rne r~~.rcjs . (Felix: -v ..
'
.· . · : . · . /,/'~~' r~~ ·. ~..-I-··- tJ. f Enertech Systems Industries,lnc., G.R. No.
· Two-fold Du~ Proc~$s Requ1rem,nt "',:.} ~-:::.'"'~-·.--~....,,~. 142007 Ma.rch-28,.200·1); ·. · · ·
·1. $_1,Jb~lanti.ve a,spe~ Whichjofr.';sY_;,ij;J~t~.3.=~--......_,~~~~I.)>,~ter.course"' -Jnside ' company
· ·· d1sm.1s~Lmttstbe for a~y .9,fttb.e. "'1/ ~ · ~;,-· -~ '~re~ls~~·~~·cfuring.,..york .ho,urs (lmasen
a:. ·Jusl',c~uses; and :.ift;;t;)f. f ·
JP) 'Jul\.;. j~ . f>hilifJf/lJ.e M.~.nuf.?i?(IJ!ing ..C.or,pon3!tion v.·
b. ·Authorized caus~s. f. f · t ".(~~ !?itcon,\(;{Rft;li 194884, October-22, 2014); ·
2. Procedural asp!,!ct wbJ9~f,~ans. ib~tb.ELZ...l!f)r'"'~-t:--..-lfheft \~ q_f: ,.{;oljlp~~Y.-owried· pr~p~rty
employee mus~.be acc6~t!.1ue pro~ess"~-~e~ B@. ·r-:",..Jill,"Y' . (Nag/.<a~a,s;ing..Lakas ng ;Manggagawa. sa· .
.-eleJT!.ents of ~~1ch are nf flc~ li!'};i:! the, 6p.po.rturi1'~~·~- ""' .. IS_eihin (f\JLMK-OLALIA-KMIJ).v. Keihin f!Hf,:. .
. to·be ~ear..d and·to def,ITl)~~lrt!)self.-(E!~vhav.f,:.~~~ . Jf[gi:~., <j,.k.''N,01'·11111.~.. AUgljS(.9,, 2910);' :
... ·. Tr-easure Island .. c~rp\
. Marsh.28'. 2.QO§}. . ..
t::~l\
'~(jf)\
N~~!~1(~-t-~J;~~;;-·-<
·~<}. :\•'.: ~ J1 J:-~,,,Jl
-~'f!,cfl .:}~°''""' l . . · · . .·
{§~ss.~m<il'alj y (Valde,zv. Atty. Dabon, Jr.,·
. .~ ... : .

· · · '. ·· '· : .. ·~ ·~~n~ ~Jll l ~o/..f"'. ~:-S:A.c. f:lo. 7353lNovember.16; 2015). .

jUS~ CAUSES.O~ DISMI~ tL BY_~MJ:'~T~~··· .. ~/;..,j~ "7 .: f . · .. if. : ·.: .. ·· .· . :: ." ·..' .
(SW,. G'.CA) . ... . . .. - <. ,;.\ . • : ' . ,Y~~!~ _.;
1.. §enous m1sc::onduct .or·W1llft1t d!sobe,~,~~~~\fi!El',ti}j:;:d,sgra~ifu1·
~f
e .~e'.t~r!'l1in~7?~ of w~ether_. a ..co'n~uct is ..
9r 1mn:iq_ral 1nyolves ·a ·two-step
the employee ::.9f ·.tJje: .1~w~ut\~r'!~~·):'f,~1~.,,:-;r-='!"'"~PJf>f;e~"';,./··, ~ ·· . ~·. .· · ·. . . ·
e~ploy~r or :represt::ntat1v~ m· c5~~1:i~'Jw[m .. ", Jr \·~1..\\.~~<!~nside~tlon,·.Qfthe· toJ~htY,·--.9f. the
. . - ~IS .work; ·· : · · · . . _ . ~- , , ·· 1VJJ.f\.. :
~e:frcom9tances ~urro1,.1!1ding ~~... co,ndu_ct;
· · 2, ·. Gross and t)abitoal nei:it,ect by the·.empl.oy.e~l:lb~-:'?""..-- · ·a.nd · .. . . .... : . · .. . · . .. ·. . . . · · ....
. his.duties; . '· . . . . 2: An·.assessn:ieni'bf.th.e. said..circurnstance.s.
3. : Fri<itid. or willful breach· by the el'npl9yee of the . vi's~a7i/is ihe' prevailiT)g· ~orrils of c<;induqt, .
. 'trust ·r.eposed° ln· him' by ·Hff employer or duly i.e.;.wha_t"the s9ci~ty.:.g·e.ne.ral.ly.considers .
. . - auth'orized'r~p~esentafive;. . .. . niorataj,d respectable:·.• . . .. . . : .
4. ·comn'lis~16i1 of a ·crirns or offense by the . . . . ·. . . . . .,
employeE:i.~·gaii:ist't.heper~im of his ·emplqyer or Whe.n'the ic!W sp~a~i of'ir:n'mqrafor; necessa~ly; .
,, .-ariy ·im.media~e meAJber. of. his·fl'3mily or'his duly •. disgraceful conduct, it P.ertains · to public· and
·.... autliori+ed·re~·resentatfv~s;and . ·. ..-. . !:1ecula.r rnorality a!')d· not c~tigious;.: it_ refers· to
5.. Other··causes 8flalogoL1S. (LABOR·.CODE, Art.. ' .. thos.e co.nducts which. are prosc'iibed.. because
. ·:29.7). . · : . · the.y are detrirnenlal to. conditions· upon' wh!ch. ·
depe'11d the· e:Xisterice 'and progre~S" bf human.
[)15.CUSSJONor.f.JU.ST.CAlises s.ociety. . . . . . .. · . . . .
'1, Serio.ti~ Mlscori~uqf· : . . ..
. ·. ··Niis<iond.uct .. has.· been defir,e.d ·.as the; . The;.pret)ni;lncy .o~t of "lr.iedlock·of ari· ~rnp!9xee;
employed iii an educational ·institution, is 'not a
' ·transgression of,s9me,estl'3blisti~d.an9 definite
a
rule of ~ction; f<;>rbidden: l'3Ct, .,a· d.ei;eJiction of disgrac~ful or immoral corn;li.Jct when she and
duty, willful· 'in ·character, and implies. wrongful · the father of.her·child have 'no ·impediment .to
intenrand. not mer.e errbr: in,ju~gni'ent' (0.0. No. marry :each otlier (Leus. · V; ·st. : $cho/astica'
147-{5;Sec. 4(o)), .· · College Westgrove, G.R.. No;..187226, January
28, 2015) ..' · . .

160. ·I 2919 SAN BEDA LA'!'f CENTRALliED BAR OPERATIONS

 LABOR RE·LATIO.NS·
SAN BEDA LAWCENTMLJZED 8Alj OPERATIONS - MEMORY.AID ~019 ·
MiPMMWWAI 5I 4 fi:q)&M PILCMQ hWRB ?#WA

wmful Disobedience or lnaubordlnatlorr b. Habitual neglect '; repeated failure to

Insubordination refers to the refusal to obey .perform one's dutiesovera period cit time,
· some order, which a superior is entitled to give dependlnq upon the circumstances ('0.0.
and· have obeyed. It is a. willful or intentloriai No. 147-15, Sec._ 4(k)) .
. disregard of the l~wful . and· reasonable
.. · instructions of the employer· (D.O. No'. 147--15, Requisites: . ..
· Sec. 4(/)). . . a. There-must be neglect of duty; and .
: . b. The· pegligehce must 'be both gross 'and
Requisites: . : . habitual In character (D.-0. No, 147.a1'5; Sec.
a. Ther,e must be. disobedience .: 5,2(c)).·
insubordination; ·
· . · b. . The disobedience or fnsubordination. must . Note: The sufficiency·of.fhe evidence·as well as the
. · be· willful· o~ · intentional characterized ·by .a · . resultant -dam;,1ge to_.. the employer st-ioul.d:· be
•. wrongful and perverse attitude; . . . . . ' · · considered'i'n the dismissal of ttie employEfe·(School
e, The order· -violated . must be reasonable, . of ijQ/y Spirit of Quezon City·v.·_Tagiiiam, 'G.R. No.
lawful, and -made known ta the .ernployee: :t·t,_5565. Ju/y.14, 200.8). · · .. ·
and · · . ·
d. The.ordermust pertain· to the dutiEf~which. .Ar;t unsatisfactory, .rating .can be a .just- cause for
·tie has .been -enqaqsd to discharge (D.0. · . dlsmlssal only- if it .amoonts to gross ·and 'habitual
.. . Np, 147-15, Sec.' 5:2(b)). · · .. .. .-/) · ne_glect of · duties. Poor. . or : unsatisfactory
. . .. · !1..
· . · · ;;;;,{7 performanceof ar;i employee does not necessarily
Nc;>te:. There is. no law that compels an employee,,r/·. .-1 .. · mean that he is guilty of _gross arid habitual neglect
: to acceptaprcrnotton. as a promotion is-·i~J~?' : s:.J ,of duties (INC .. --Shipma,:,agement, ·.tn,c.. v,
nature of a ·gift or·a reward, which? pe'tson'l'\cJ'~-,\ ,_.,.:L-C,.<1.(!!P·ored<>,_f:Jdo, .. GR. No: 1!)9931, -September 7,
a right t? refuse .. When _Petitioner re~~#.-w.: Y~·.:~-~..:Z.Q16):~._.l11•} . . · . .. . '
accept his-promotion to Director of _\pt~cr,iat1onal"-/.tl ~---1;...:
· · . . ·· .
Sales, he WqS exercising a.·right'f~d~he can.not!i.-:·\ . Actual damp!;Jt... loss or. injury- is not an essential
b~,.p~nished-for it as quijare suo !f!lt.,_4.~~m!reflY'}\ · requisite · ,(b'l.jp'arjm(Jnt of Labor M~nual, Sec.
_ laed,t..He.who uses his own legijJ;'!f9h!:tnJt1Jfesno . ~;:J - 4~43.01(?]).i. -\ . . . .. . · ·
one .,,Ddsch v. NLRG· G.R.r"!> ~1lfj~-L:.-51'.182?'.Jflly
. . ~ 5.,..,,. , H~-; '\ . · · ,r . . ff. · \~·i · · ·~ . . . · ..
1983).
1

.. · ·
1

·
.
• ,

. . C-,v
••

. f-4.,,. · .r-:;:-,..~ . · ."

~
·=~:'2,~;'!
• J j
:~.:
. ,(,'
.· > -, h:~, ·.
..: ... ·r.,....·-~
.~:?..~:~.~e~~ct of ~utr=
,a·{~~Ha!:51tuafT:latcl'mess
~-~1,. ~'t'_tl'.,. •• ,,,.,, ' .
.. . .
and .absenfe~1~nJ:
.
·
.
.·
:
Exam~les: · : .. 'I'.>-· ·oli-~(\. C:~'i . : j,·'r ·::. : b. :'.Aa~yQnm.entofwor~.(Labor_v. NLRC, G.R.
·.a... _-Fa1~-~e to . a~_swer . m·e~-;,to<').~xplcyn
constitutes willful obeq1ence~ ; . · )-.l.'
'. il
. . ; i-;,.,.--~,.3 •
.. _No,'. 110388, Sept~mber 11,, ,1995).
· · ··
·· · · .. · · _: · .. . . · . ·: ~·:-:.i;dJ.·. · . /.,;,;/, ~,1:.~equisit~s: . · . · .
Note: Another:notice is ,requi(ea·.in .cas€p~:~...!..!:..."'·aµu~ ...;authorized. and inexcusable absences ·
termination . on· the · ground· \of ,.faifci'fef to · . :(Japos v.. Ffist·. Agrarien Reform Muta~
. answer .. mt:;mo. 'to explain (Aci1~1;d,lhotion · , · Purr:i'(?se .··Cooperative;· G.R ... 11/o:_: 20.8000,
and -Marketing .corp. v.. Urqabi;:J;. G,R: No.. .. ·. July-26; :2017); and . . . .
171-703., -September22-, 2Q06). ·. -· · b: .-, Cl~~r:' intenti~n. to sayer Er-Ee- relatio,:iship .·
... ;,· .. . · · · . . .. ·. .:..., : ·. bE_ijng manifest~ J>y .. so.me o:ve~. _:acts
b. Refusal. tq undergo r.andom drug· testing . (Tam1:Jlot·Secunty & . ·General. Services v.. ·
.'constitutes both -serious misconduct· ancf_: _ ltem,:G:R. No'. ·1'9~311, De<;:e'mber 7, 2015).
iri.subOrdinatiOn.(~akSmp/ e.t.al. V; Kingstto·it.' · ·· · · · ..
fxpr:ess and· Logistic, GR.No. ··'f.94813, To co'nslitute aband6nmerit, it is essential thai.an
. • · Aprif 25; 2912): : ~ ., . . . . employee fail~q to r.eport.for work wit_hout any vali<,1
c .. 'Re'fusal .. to 'render . overtime to ... meet' .and .justifiable' reason.: ,<1hd. thaJ :lie had.· 1;l clear'
. .· p·roduction· deadline .(~.B .. Mii;;ha~I -Pres.s v. . inte'ntion· to· ·sever· the· e·mploytrient relationship by
Ga/it, G.R.' No. 153510,.February.13; 2008); some· overt ab°t: Mere:failure lo rei;;ort for work after.
notiqe·· to return - does not ·constitute al;>an.do·nment
3 .. Gross and Habitual. Neglect of Duties·· · · .. (Lftex Glass an.dAluinin1:1m Supply v. ·Santhez; .G.R ..
· In ,order ~to ·constitute ·,a Just' ;caus·e, for the_ . No .. 19[!465,' April 22; 20·15). . . ·. . ·
· employee's dismissaCthe neglec:t of.duties rtnl~t
not only .be. gross but also habitual. and. \.VOrk: Due Process in Abandonment: ·.
.rel.ated.. - . . . . . a. First Notice to ·apprise the employee of th!3
· a. Gros~ · neglect the . absen~e of. that particular acts ·or omis'sio'ns -for-·which his
. diligence that an .. o~dinar.ily pruden\ . man dismissal is sought; · . : ·
would· use in .his/her own a·ffairs (D,O. No. b. Sec.ond notice ·_to inform .him 9f th~
147-15, se·c.-4(1)). . . · ·· · · employer's c!ecision to dismiss him on. the

2019 SAN SEDA LA'fV CENTRALIZED .BAR OPERAl}ONS I 161

 • 9 N. f PM

-·LABOR-RELATIO·NS·
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS- ME'MO/lYAID 2019

g_round . of abandonment (Kingsize .. Wiiifui Breach of. Trust

Manufacturing Corp. v.. NLRC, G.R. No.s. Breach· of· trust or confider.ice must be willful. A
. 1_10452-54, November.24,.1994). breach is .willfl!I "if it is done ,intentlonally, knowingly
and purposely; without justifiable :· excuse. The
Notices in abandonment· cas'.es mu·st be sent to _bre'ach must be work related and committed against
0

empioyee's la~t ·known .ac!dress. (Agabon v. NU~c; the employer or his ·representatiye (Bluer thanBlu~
G.R. No. 15.8693,·Nov..ember
, . 1-7,.2004).
. · ··. . · Joint Ventures Co: v. Esteban., G.R. No. 192582,
Apr-irt, 2014).
Requ_irement ofa'Hearing: ·
The requirement of 'a hearing .ls complied wlttras Requisite_s.for Fraud. or Willful Breach of Trust:
long as. there was an opportunity to· be heard, and . a... There must . be. an act; -ornlssion, . or. :
not . necessarily. that . an actual' ·: hearing·,. was . concealment; . . . . .
conducted (Dlst(ibution· & C.o'ntrbJ.:Products, Inc. v., b: . The.. ad, omission o'r concealment involves·
Sento«, GR>No: 2126·16,July 10, 2017).. . .a breach. of legal duty, trustor confidence
· · ·- · · · · · justly reposed: , . . · ..
A charge of abandonment is tbtally incoiis1ste~twith · _c.. · It. must, be. committed against the employer
-'the. immediate : filing of· a. cornplaint . for :illegal or his/her: representative: · · .
disrnlsaal. The filing thereof is proof enouqh ofone's · d. ,1frnust bein connection with tile employee's·
desire to: return; 'to work, thus negating · any,-"'»=-=~---, . wo1k(O.O. No. f-41-15, Sec: 5.2(a)). ·.
suggE;stion of ~-aband9nment (.Tam~lo.t Se_;;u(Jff& 1f'J"r 1' .·:;:~,,__~ . · .: · · ··
Gener-a.I Services v: -ttem.: ·G_.R •. · N,o~·19/1J14, i 4~a~,·le~,!t:,~ · . . ..
December. 7, 2015). <However, ·th~~Je~~js;,_:ttJ>~ ......~~~_j-b}~d~~~pervisor irii,ti_ating and leading a
appllcation wh_ere the complaina':tJ4?~ n9f~~_for =-=· _, ~~~'6'!.c.~~~~J;PP.Form Mfg: Co., 'tne. v. NLRC, ·
reinstateme~t. and asks .for seP.~~ban;~?o/'.!.'1:;;Jeatt-··51!--~:--,~ G~N;;,"f:lo.,.f5706};' · , . . .. .
(Jo. v. NLRC, G_.R. No. 121_9ols . .(~r~~.pY 2,,(2000)1ffi }' .. ,o/· b. "t-rab~uf.~p\~nc_e of,: managerial employee
.: . ., Vf (. _, .IL . -ft~ mi. ·· iG'.J'.');;{_npte:iW· ~LRC, G._R. No. ·1.00749,_·
Mere absence or, f~ilure to re · ort foq\fork,~Ye.n after · ~- . 1Pr(f-21;(!~9g~ . · · .
notice to return, does notf.h~~s'arily a~ounf"'IB~ -c::-il!ailure\~l. cashier-· to account for the
abandonment, ~~andonmef~rf'a\n-¥att~r of~i_ntery1i9.n--::. -~V i~ortag~j. °fff~o)npanyfunds (San . Miguel -,
an_d cannot hgti_tly be . Pf.esymld fromI cert<!! .):\_'filtmn#°tl. · ·· porp. v_~ Nk:J~.. G.R.. No: ·88268; June 2, fii
i;!quivo'c1!1~ _act~. : .The·. -opeftativE:~\!act ~~~till .t_i;e~;!1s___J Jffe.]JJ); .J; · ..' ·C. . . · , . . .
employee's .ultimate a.ct .ofipun;~l an :p)!,to·., .t --~ . ~~-oi{iph,,t·y,~rfgthe attempt to cover· up
. employment . ·(Jordan,·. v. · ~}'B'hdeq~ {~)[$('., ~~;;@~
,· ~lferage.·c;,f .ft/? company's toll collections
· Services, Inc.,. G.R. _N?. 20671.6,,;wi }8; 2~@4j · -...';;?
7~. ....,~r.{CD9,PToflW,.fJYS Qper<!.tion Employees and ..
· ' ·, · '·. . \, . · · ~ . . · ~,'.· ', ::"Y WqrJ<er-s UJ~onV.• NLRO, -,G.R. · Nos. 7618~
. . ~ .. t ~ . !,.._ y . 'Y . 2 .•.-
Examples; . . . . - . . ,'.\_ __ . ·, . '5 ("':r)~y·c\ f",cJ 1)},, July 3!,, 99 ~; .. ·
a. Subcontracting · for atl'~tier ,cQ);r,!i:,,aW..:!.£.i.:.;..1-.....~~St~li.!)9:;fcompany property (Zamboanga
(Agf:!bori . v. · NL/JG; GR. · dS}ffi~/;'J!.~ -(~Q!!Jt-~ter District v. Bartolome, G.R. No. !--
.. -. November 17, 2004);. :. ~;_:u...r~ \;f t\"y;:;~
b. . ~ employee who failed to·. reporfl.or~-~~.1 .u.~,,.vtJsingdoµble· or fictitious req~is;ition slips i~
:,;.6§.7it;;_6, De~embe,:20, 1985); anc.l . . ...

•after the -expiration · of tl:le duly· approvecl""..---~::-f' order to withdraw company materials_ (PLDT
. '1eav.e q_t- a'fisenc~··(Ramo ·v, Efef?no,. G.R. ·Company v. NLRC, ·G.R. No. L,.63191,-·Aprfl
· No:L ..55629, ji.Jly3b,.·198'f);·and : . .,: . -$0, 1984)"; · · · · : ' ···
c. An employee \Aiho'Jailed to_· comply_with the . ·:,. ·
or.der for. his _re1nstateme.nt"(Eq-$lAsiatic·Ii. . ·' : 'L~ss of Confli;lence .
:c1R, G:F?/No .. L'-290£38,.July-36,_-1981).'. -':Loss· of Confi~en,ce·refer~ to a· condition arisin~. -
. from fraud or willful. breach-.of .trust reposed in
4._ . Fraud or_ Willful· ~r-each .Ttust. . . of .. _ . tiim/her by: _his/her ~mployer or· .his/tier duly
· Fraud ·or do/o· consists in-. the· -conscious.and· authorized representative: (D._O .. No, 147-.15;,.sec>
,intentional ~esign :to evade the :normal fulfillment · 4(n)).. · · . ·
..... ,) .
of an obligatibn ·(L«~on- Brokeraf}f! Co., fi,c;.; V; ' •,

Marifime Building Co,. Inc.-, f3Jf ·No'. :L-25885; Requisites: . · ·

. _ ... January 3.1, 1972)... . . a: There must . be·, ~n .~ct;··, qmission·. or_
. .. concealment· . . . .
Fraud· re.fers.-to any acf.. omission, ·or. con~ealme.nt . b: . The -act, om_ission ~r. concealmen'i-. justifies .
: .which iayolv!:3s a breach ·of. ·legal. duty, trust or:__ · . the. los-s of · trust antj <:orifidence _of the .
· 'cor,~periqejust)y ~eposeq, anc;fis injuno1,1s.to_another · · . em'ployer to.the employee; · . . .
(D.({ No. 147-15, Se?·:.4 (i)). · c. The employee.concerned must~e holding ·a
. position of trust and confidei:lc;e; . .
.· .....

162 2019 SAN BEOA LA.W CENTRALIZED BAR.OPERATIONS

 d. "The loss of·tr~st and confidenceshould not · (Coca-C.ola Bottlers PHL Inc., . v. NLR_C, G.R. No: .
be simulated;' · . · .,.. · 84075, April 25, 1"9139).· .
e.. It should not be used as a subterfuge for
causes which are improper,' illegal, or :ft is not the job title._ but the actual ,work tl}.at the
unjustified; and . . employee performs that· determines whether he or
f. It must be ·genuine· .and ·.·not-. a ·mer-e she . occupies a position·· of trust" .and "cpnfiden~e·
afterthought to justify an ~arli~r action taken (Bluer than . Blue·. Joint: Ventures Comp(:lny v._
. in bad faith· (D.0: No. 147--15~ Sec . .,5.~(e)j,. Esteban, G.R: No. 192582, . April 7,. 2014). ·. ·

G.uld.elrri~s.Jorthe application of the Doctrine of 5. · Commission of a C:t'im.e:·or. .Offense refers to

Loss of Confid~nce: (S2AG_-P). · · ·.. an" of!ense" by the· empfoy.e_eaga"inst"the. person
.,.,,... · a, · Loss Qf <;:onfidenc~ should riot be .§.imul~ted of ·his ·err,plc?yer or.any mel'.Jlber ·of his family_ or
· .. · ·: . _.· · (reasonable basi.s for -loss of. -trust and .· t:iis· duly_.:authorized represent~tlve ·(D.CJ. No:
- confidence); · · : : ·. . ·· · . ." 11--7~.f-5;·Sec. :4(cJ)). ·•· .. ·. . .·. ' .
'• . b, Not used-as. a1SubterfugeJor causes which
are improper, illegal or unjuitified; ·. -. Requisites:.
/ : o; .Not ar.bitr.~"rJly-Asserted jn tt:ie'faq~."of .a. "There .musf.'be ,ah 0.acttor om1ss1011

f
. . overwhelminq evidence -to the contrary; pui:iishable/protlibit~d by' law; and
. . d. ·· Must be Gerit1ine, nota mere. afterth_oughtto . b.. That act or omission was corrimlttedby the·
. JllStify earlier actlon taken.tn bad. faith;. and · ~/if}; . <employee '.- aqalnst any o( 'toe . following
·1a •. • The employee: involved holds ·a. eos_itio~19.f,·1"/.(.

i
-persons: . . . .
. trust-and-contidence (Cbina City ~estau;!:Jnf.('·:'"- . i. His employer; . ·
_.Corp.v. NLRC; G.R. No. 97196, Janu.ar.y.22;;;.: .;;:~ . · ii .. ATJY. imnie~i~te member of .. · his ·
· . 1993). . . ~\J
f., i, ··:· •11 · .: . ~mployer's family· or ·
~· . -:' . ·. . . .. ·. ,# ·.u.·::;p;~:-~~~~. ~:Ji!,J~s.. ·. emplo~e(s' ·duly .. autnorjzed
~-- Two._Classes of Positions .or
Trust · ......-r;9,-,.
~.:J . f --~- ..-.t,_)~presentative(D.O,. : No, . 147-15, Sec
~!' . a. Ml:l_n.agerialemployees; and r._~r . ·1 , c('\ll . · .1qf~(t)). · .. · · · ·. ·
i:. r b.. Those who in .the ·normali.,,.~.n.cf- rouu~··_-t· · Note: Th~fc4rp\?-ictior:i.-ofan employee .in a criminal .
·· exercise of their functtons, .r~.9i:J1~:r:1\,;t;r~hdle l~t
"case is· n~finijisP,ehsableto warrant his dismissal by

~-u~
g;-··· . · sl~nificant. a~ounts. ~f:,.l)J?riey 6rr·pr.ope~Y... i~1~, · his em.~J~ye~-.-~i}1 that the fact. thai :~, ~riminal
r
~4~.

(e.g: , · cashiers; f8'1B'tor9,.~p_rope~l~.. t,,,i

~qmpla_1fll 1:19j..'.nst\tpe.employee has p~en.dropped ·
t. · . custodians, etc.) (D',q/No.~__q;4.7jft5! -J_!r .
by.ffiW'!:tt-~c¥tQj>1'~indi~g.anp conclusive up9n
4(n)). · , · ·. •~~ ·. ,p:-;,1\ ~-· ·. '..J •1• · th.e labor.._.li]_bi:.inal~fStarlitePlfJSt(Clndi.Jstrial_Corp.·.V,
t i'.."
.. : :. . .... ' . · ...... ~~:~~- j: ·.:.!~}-: NL~C. GR._No. _7.84911,¥arc~/f3i_1f!8!J), _._ ·. ·..
Nc;>t~: As. to the .degree of. proofa,.rA'.quiry,~
. respect'? rank-:and-fi~e-pe1:5.orine1. ~ r~9u))e~_higher
•. with .. tt•.-----:'-:,,.....,
r-. proof _qf 11:ivolvem.ent 1n,-ttJ~. eV"e.nts· m}9~est109~~au.....,-·.--F~feFS-ta-U:iese
. - ·. : ·
.,,""";!~:)~~~~TJ!~. .
: .. , . ·- .
phra·se_ \rn~e_d!a.te·-rot:mbers_ of _.family" .
.

r. that ... mere · uncorroborated .. ass~~gns,i}'~_nd

~·,. .. · ~C(?USatlon.s_·by the.. emplO}'rfWill".ni;>tSUfft~k.~t"~s. . . .
P':')JS?ns h~v1~g fa_~1ly relat1o~s under
· Art. 150 of the·f:am1ly.Cq~e. to.wit:.· ·
a: Between hu~band an·~ ~i_fe
·· -

§: r~.rds a rnan.agerial employ~e, the.mere existence b. Between parents."E;1J'.lc!.ch1ltjren .

£• of a basis forbefjeving t);lat he has breached tt-ie trust: · .· c. Among broth~rs arid sisters·, wheth~r of the
r" . o( l:iis· .employer·· would suffice for -his .. disinissal:. .fullorh.aif-bJood (CHAN, supraat"311J.·: ·
1:~ (A1cantara v.. .The,.PH Cbrrimerciaf.:andlntematioh<3/ ·:. . . . . . . ·· ..... , .
;:
r.
Bank, (3R_. No.. -1,51349, October ~0•. 2010)." 6.
'.Analog~u~ Cau~es
"must be. due· ~b
"the
voluntary and/or willful act .-or- ·omrssiol'! of ·the
: . There mu~t.. be·"sorne basis"· for the loss oftrust·a~d employee (Nadura v. ·
BengufJt. Consolidated,
I" • ponfidel'lce :which. -means tt,at there is r.ea~9.-~~.ble. GR.'N9, L.-f7780,.fiu(Jus(24,.1962): ·
;_. ground to: be.lieve, if riot ,to e~tertai"n". the moral.. · . ..
. ~bnviction, . that . the ' . .-cqncemed employe'e . is . ·. .. Requisltes: . . .
.· r,asponsible.' for-· the mfacor:iduct - and:·. that ·the· . ~· · There must be act or omfssio·n .similar to
participation tbereii, reride~ed him unwortl:)y of the · ·· those spiii::ified jusi cause~·; . .
;
;.. trust and. bonfidenoo·: d~rjlandeq by his. ·position . b. Th·e act. or· o.missio.n must be voluntary
~,· (Central P.,;u:,gasinari· Elf;<;tric CO{)peraw.e; Ina. · ·v.. . , . · a.nd/or willful ·on the ·par.I; of the ·e:rriployees
Macaraeg,·G.R. No, .145800, (p.O.'No. 147~15,· S~c·5.2(g)). · . .
'
~-. .. ·January_·22,
. . ..2003).
t.
·Note: Geneyally, ·erriploye~s. ar~ allowed a Wider No.a.~~-or omissiori shall be ·6~n~id.ered as a'nalo~oi:i-s·.
.. latitude .qt. dis~retiori in terminating the l;lmploym~nt cau·se _unl~ss. expressly specified· in the compan'y · l ·
of ma.riagerial perscmnel ."or tho_se ·wno; while .not 9f . rules.and.regulations or-policies (D.9. N_o. 147-15,
similar rank, perform furicliqns w_hi~h by their nature· Sec 5.2(g)). . · ·
i'~quire the employer's 1uu trust. and confidence .

2019 -SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZ~D BAR OPERATIONS I . 1"63 ..

 LAe·oFt RElATIO.NS.
SAN B£DA ',AW'CENTRAOZED !}AR OPWTIONS - M~ORY AID 2019
~!ill~~~~~lllllll:l.... lllllllll!IIB.... lml..... llill.. 1111~&118111BIISIIDllll!ll•·B-amaoJ!l!laz?R-S&i~-n,
...11111!11B·allZ·lllll!lmlllm:~tBS~maBr-9
Examples:· 2.. · Hearing or conterence :__ After serving the first .
a.· Violation of cornpanyrules and regulations notice, the employer should affordthe employee
(Sampag"uita Auto Transport Corp. v. Nl.J~c. 'ample opportunity to be heard and. to defend·
G.R. No. 197384; January. 30; 2013);.. · · . · himself/herself. with the .assistance of his/her
b. Gross inefflciency-e-analcqous to _gross· · _- _representative if he/she 'so desires. (D.O. No.
neglect of duty. (ex. failure. to..meet sales · · .147-15, Sec. 5.1(b)). ·
·... : quota . based OJ"!. . a valid productivlty
: standard) (tntemetloriet scnoo: Mani~fJ V: · . ·Tbe·.. twin . requlrements · of . notice and hearing
/SA"!=, G.R. No. 16728.6, February 5, 2014); . · constitute the -essentlal elements of clue process.
G·. Illegally .' div.er.ting: employer's- .products (2 Due process 'of law simply means giving' opportunity '
AZUCE;NA supi« at 861J;··anct : , to.. be: heard before judgment is rendered. In
d.'. Theft of: property. of. co-employee .··{John.· fact;:ihere is-no violation of due process even if. no
Hencocktite lnsiJr_anc°"e.:Cor.p .. V.·.DEiVis, GR. hearing was conducted, wherti the party was given
•.· $eptemqer.-3,· 2qpa): ·
No. -1.6954~ a c!)arice to explain 'hls side of the controversy.:W.hat
. . · 'is fro..ynedupon i~ the denial of the' opportunity to be
Othe~ . Just Causes- Reco_gn~ed. under Other · · heard (Perez.·V-: PH Telegraph & Telephone .Co.,
prevtslons.of.the Labor Code:·. , G:R. No. 15.2048;April 7, ~009), ··
- 1. Union .°bfficefs v,,~o _k.ii.~wirigJy.p.ai-iie::riipte,_in an . · . . . . .".. ' . • ·. . . . . . . .. : ... . . . .
illegal strike '(LABOR COD~ Art: 279(.a))' ~-r-~E~mgPnnclples m Conrrectlon. Wl!b the
. _g .: Ari~ .employee, .union -~~c;·r_.cir.m~.e{~,c;ti:;;ber·u ••. - :·~\~lng,__~!_~a.lr~me~t
1 lnDlsmlsaal ~ases .· .
who knowingly participates in the pl!:IJA~/s i~~__..of . J.1 V JmP.!~~..f>.J>P?rturn_ty.to be -heard 1!1ea,ns _any
·illegal acts .during a strik·e·(~·' 6ti~o/.!_ ,.,..Arf.;,:..--=-~-,;:,.a:·}~e~ap~l].9ffil~ppporturnty_ (verbal:-0r:~1~e!1) gs~en
279(a)); · .. ·. · · · : · ·(?:'.\ ·~/~ ~, ....;.-~~: t~!qt!'e'RPl~IY-~:Sto ~nsw?r··tM c~a~ges ·agam~t
3: :3~iker~ who violate_ .~de,r~ )T,-9.,Qipjyon~:'~or. ~ · ·. 7t.i,!!!11fi{l-i.':::":'~nct..!.s~b.m1t evidence_ in · ~upport. of
lflJUnctio11s as are 1ssµec;JrM}?~tij~f$eletary .. fp 4.r 1:::( h1s~er ~!'.\.o·f.~t<:9S~~ w_hether m . a .. hea~1ng,
,. La.bor. and Employment .hr the·,. , LRC (LABc:Jk 1ft,~. -~.- _comrrene~'i° or"° !rme- qther fair, . Just ar:,d
G_oDF;•..Ait. 2?~(g});_~r:id/[f'~ · .: . .·. .. j~~ .. · reas~nabl )u.~~. /Vo. ·147.-15, S~c. 5.1(b));
.~:~fflf -~;,, .~

~i~,.
4.. Vsolahon .of union secw1JwcTsi1i1se .stiP. lat~d--ia_ f'Jf'!Tlal . ,~!..'D,9tor . confer~n?e becomes
. tt·i"e . CSA: 1:iursuatit"_:·1011 (LABkiR cd~E,.· ·'lkl:JJ' r. -~~nJlatory.i <::>1)1¥ :-Ii . hen·.. - reque~ted . by . _the
· 259(e)). ., ·· ·. ll .d,{:rH . . . ~7.r~"ti\_vff., ~~ :~...me~ee·-•~)·M,tlj1· or su.bstantia_l ev1dent1ary
. · · ·. · ·. . . · ., l ~- -~ · .0 .;.-. . . :.;:. , ' =1--' . . ~~ng;;_ .exis,t.or_, '1f _co.mpa~y "rule or pr~cti~e
or
. Ooctr(n~ 1.nCO!'flpatibility~ rJ) \_ . \~~'\/.'· ._- }£!_ .• ~1) ·. It, ~r;w~n;,s1n'11lar _c1rcumstan?esJUSt1fy
·. W_here the ..empJ_oyee_ has. dQ.ne s.om~thi~~tb~Q~· ~~~~L~ NoJ1'4!-¥$J~ec. 5)(b)); a~d · . ·
· · · co11trc;1ry... _qr ji;i_comp_atibl~:\'with \\he·.~Ji~~~. -~~~7~ am_1?Je oppopuni~y.to_b.e_ heard .,;tan~ard.sr:i
. , perform.~nee of. ~IS:. (;i\Jti.es~· t)ss~\_mployet.,t,~s
c13u~-e\ fc;ir · teFminating ·his. e.'!1~.oy(!ie~lvf#lI~i/;-e~ce.
t l~:~¥.-&'~ LaJ3or sd~W,-prew,uls ~lVer lh«:'3
heann_g. or
-~~q~irem~nt in ~e 11')1ple"'.enbng .
Chaµffers Leagu&·v. f;Jacbrach.MotQ.{-Col,',6:~~No. .. ~::E;tl ,s_a)'l~<t..re~lations(Perez v. Pl-f..Telegraph ~
.L-47138, june.17 19f401: : . · -~{\.~-~Jl)·..,,~~1;e(eP-hone Co.,. G.R..N<?:·152048.. April 7, ~009).
· · ·' _., · ~ VJ 1\ rr· /\.T•,,,.'-;~v ·· · . . .
. '.o~~ Process t~ ·b~_:b~s"e,:.;ect bY. t~e· E~~yei;·::· · : _V!~~~(~lien:c:·atr ..e.tnployee ., a~~iis: ·the : acts:
·. ."The·fdllo.wing··sta.ndarqs_ of due ·proces.s sh~II ~~="'~ory,pl~1~e?.Of,.. ·"J::lO formc:!1.·he.acin_g is:. n:ecessary
s.u_!:>s!antially .. pbserv.e<:l"· . fqr: ·· lermlnati6n- ·: of". (Pant1!1_C11/o V. -Cf',.P. PHL Inc., · ~.R. ·· No. 161.:305,.
· >. employment based Orijust-.caus!3·~: ' ..·. . " · February 9, ·2007):. ·. • .. , . · .
1._. · Notlc~ .ff:..:.,~~ .N~t~~~ -~·ui~)·::,..:·the. ~rn~.~y~r". ls ,. .· ·13~.m~en ·6f :P.roof re·sts tlpon th~ .employerto show, .
·_ · ·required. tci furnish an .empl0ye.e· WJiO"is · t<f be · > . ~hatth~ di~missal oHhe em.ploye~ is for':a-j~st cause; .
.. . : ... dlsmissecl. wlth .. two · (2} ·written. notices before . . ... and fail4re to dci .so wo·u1d· necessarilym.ean thc1t the ·
. sucli termJnatio"ri: · .. . : . dismissal , is;: not . jm;tifled . (Polyrrie~ic. General
·: a.· First· 'Written'. Notice :_; · setv~d ·.on· .th~ . Hospital v:· ..NLR.<;,.· .G_.R.- No, '.64190, ._JanUfl,:Y.. 31,
· · .> ._employee· contc!ining the spe~iffc>oauiesor
· · · g,:our:ids•tqr. .ter:m!natjorr:as provide.d· under
1985).. This is consonant. with· .tt:ie ·constitt.rtional.
. guarc,tnte·e cif secut-ify_.often.we·as imp1e·m.ent~ by
Article 297 of P,e Labc:i(CQde. ai··amehded, law·. (fJuezon·· E.Jectric· (;;oop9ra.tive:. V; NLRC, ~.R.
-a·nd ·com_pany:poiicies.i(~i,y; . : '·: ·: . .· Nq_s. 79718-22,"!',prif12, f9?9J. · . · ...
. '. ·b,·. Written Notice·of.Terininati6n. - ·served·on. ·. · ·
·· . the · employ~e : indi.catiAg that:". (1) . air Degree bf Pro~f·. · . . .
-circumstari~s invo!ving th~ E;harge against · 1n·a~min!strative <;>r quasl~Judicial proceedings, propf · ..
;., ,tne. employee have. b~en: considered; ·and beyond reas.o'nl:lble· ·doubt· is· .no,t . required · in
(2) the groµnds ha'ife· been established to ·determining the legality of an.·empJoyer's dis.missal·
justify th<:: sev_erance·· of· their employm.ent. of an. e_mployee,. and not- eVer] ,.a preponderanGeof
(D.9. No. 147-1·~,. Sec: 5.1(a)J.· ' ·evidence is necessary a$··s·ubstantial eviden1:;e· is

164 j ·2019 SAN BEDA-LAWCENT'RALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 LABOR-·R.ELATIONS ·
SJ\N BEDALAWCENT{!A,tlZE:D BAR OPERATlf)NS - ME!vJORYAID 2019 . . • ,
al 81959 IIIMA MM T fkli# W-B I &591&.:t«i iA'8MltWi9!'*il1CbiSC41PRPii IAfWWWiWClt. ~ -~ ,
. . .
considered · 'sufficient . (fangasinan 1/1 Electric 4: The employer's 'grant of other terrnination.
,.,.r;·
cooperative. Inc. V. 'NLRC, . G.R.- No. 89876, benefits; and . . .
{,( . November_1~. 1992); · · 5. Whether . there was a bona fide attempt. to
~- comply.with the· notice requirement as opposed
1- substantiiil evidence . is not a mere scintilla -of: to giving no nottce at all {lndustriet Timber Corp.
'.~ . evidence. It is 'that amount of relevant evidence _v. Ababon;G.R. No. 164518, Jariuary:25, 2006).
t which a. reasonable· mind l!)ight accept ·as adequate · · .
;f to justify a -concluslon (RULE$-·OF COURT, Rule, Preventive Sus'pension
~r
;·
.133, Sec. ~),
.. , . ..
.: . . .
. . . .
·An employee may be placed under preventive
suspension, it:" ,· . .. . . . .. . .
v: .: Effect when due process. was ·not observed on 1. Tlie evidence qf guilt is -strong, arid the-employer
tt. disrtiissai.for.a [ust or authorlzed cause ;
a
·
:when dismissal is'"for ju'st-or.aulhorized cause; but .
or head of establishment is convinced that .the
continued 'st~y of the . employee during .the'
i· ·, due process was not observed,-the dlsrnlssal shoutd period of investigation· constitutes -a-distraction.
Ai . be upheld. However, the. employer .should .be held. to
the normal operations ofthe company; and .
t . liable -for ·_nor-fcompliance: with, · the . procedural . 2. His continued· employment 'poses ~ -serious. and
requirements . ·of. due process · ·(i:e: · · clam·ages)- ·
». imminent threat· to life or property :of ttie
· (Agabon v. NLRC, _G »:R:··No/158693, November 17,·· employer or -his co-workers · (Gatbonton v,
2004). . .. . NLRC, G.R. No. 146779, Janur1ry ?3/2006). .

Modification.of'Agaboil .Case" . . .· ~.,,/":?;.) . It- shall be. for a maximum period 9t 30 days, ·during
· The· 'aoove ruling: was .hic;x:lifi<?.d · b_y · JAKA F,oC?cf/ ' \ which period the- ·employee placed under preventive
Processing v. Pecot:' . . . .. r.,1·{
1::: ::;_.;\ suspension is not entitled to any wages: .
-1: · If 'based: on a· just·,cause . (Art. 297) but ),ti~·.·:· .·,.- ·L.,,,,......,_, · r"> · . .. · · .
··: employer · f~iled jo · C?~PIY. :w1~tr-:'_the .,,~6tld3~_'{t<;.~~~~tive,lf.l:lf penslon should not last. for._mor~ than .
. . requirement, the -sanctlonto be 1mpo~upon:...J·J'1l 30·days:·=rhe·~mployee should be madeto resume
. hli:n. should · be "tempered b~-<_;~use;(}j1s'~ismi~sa!'~ !' his worl5 aftifi1~9_days·(/RR of t~e Labor:C-ode,Book
pr.ocess wa~. _ ln· .. eff~c.t, m1!late):i·\t:>.-~ a~... -~/ [.\ · V, Rule -><>g1111 Sec. 9; as amended by D:O. No. 0_9-
1mputabl_eto th~.~mp!oyee;·.and,~-;,:{. L,·r::::--:.. 1··J 97}. // Ji \. · · ·
-2. · If based.-on .'ii.n-ci11thorfzed_.,.o~se ·(Aftf2'9'8) bttt ,,, . " . /. :: '~ ·. : . . , . · ,. . ... ···· . ·.
the:_":~mployer f~ilE(~ _to"-~,9~ly wjtn:-tre .no_ti~~· t.··t After:~1)¢.1~je ·~ih~ 30-day" period for j~stifiable _
: ~uirement'. · ~h~ sarictiqQ(·'sM-9Gf(l~~~ s'tif!~{ k~ _reaser:i.3,;:t/;'\/~';i>1irry!:;-~nbe extended prov1oed ·the .
because the dismissal pro't:~~-s·V@'S_;:Jn,trated~Q~· . ·1·,;i . employel'-P.a}§:Jhe··suspend_ed_employee his wages
j':J.
. _u~e .. err:iployer's. · exercise of~'V.t~~ar-t.~.~---~mefat a~d :othe_~-benefits· (PhilipP,ineA'.r/i~es;Inc. v.. N~RC, .
-.prerogative (JA~-.Food_ P~~c;e.s.~!(19 V,t.Pacot, ,!'.•...--::·q.·~· No, ,114397, July 8, 1998). · , . ·,
G.R. /l)o. :1513.78, Maret, w·, ·2005J·':;_,/!.~ ..-..7"'_,/,,,;-•'.)~{·:.~:, ...:.__.·. ~ · ··. · , . :_·· . . · .--· :·,.
11: ·. . · · :·· · · .• · . •. • .. •• · • • . 11,•t. ,f~,/.,___...,..:,t..!"-Wf'iat-:-·constttutes reasonable t11:ne. an~. 'qth.er
~:·. · ·.Modi_fication of tM Rul.i!19 in J{l.KA_ G~~e · (/-.:J. . · recjLiirements for procedural due process: : .
r.~· · · The- rUling ·ii:i t)le JAKA c~se was. al_so·<tfi'b..2J.Redin 1. . The first ")lritten. nqtice :to be s·ei:ved. o_h· the
r ln,d_1is1ria/ Tfmb(!F_: G.orp., v.. :Afj_apon.; Triis ·. case . empl.oyees·shoul~ contain the specific ca~ses.or
:: . subdivided·ttie··c;1tsmissal fol' authgrjzed ca~ses i_nto~ groµl?lds. for 'termination again~t tt)en:iL and· a
J;.. · · 1 .. , _t;>ue tq ·lo~s~; ~ho :. : . . . . . . . direc.tive'. tha! the' -~mplo_yees, _ <!re gi~en;· th~
"· ·. · 2> Not. due: to. losses (lndustnal -T,mp~r Gorp. : v._ . .-opporturnty 1o submit 'their wntt~n explanation
· Ababori,· G.R.. No.·.1f>45.1B, January'25,2006).. · within -a ·reasc:i'nable period (0.0. · No. ··147-15, .
. . , . . . ... . ·:Sec. s:1(a)). · · ..:· ·. • .. ·. . · ·. .:
f:. If th·e authorized ._causer that.ter~inc:Jtes employment . · . ,. · ·· ·
t-, ·: arises fromfosses,·t_h·~ penalty to the·empl_oyer who ._''.'.Re~sona~le oppoiJunityu_)..mderthEi Omrii~us
~· -disregarded _due pr~c¢ss may. be)ighter-'tl'}an if the. Rules (lniph,~menting the Labor Gode) means
'! ~ authorized c~use,has.nQ relation to'lgsses.(Jndustrla/ 'every kinc:l·of assistance that' management must
A . ·.-Tin]ber (;_'orp.v. Ababon,. G:R. No. 1645{8; January : accord to t_he employees to enable. tliem to'
~,. '.2!); 2006): _ . . ·· .prepare ·adequately· for·' 1heir . <;lef!3ns.e.. This
.... · ·· . should. be cons.trued -as· a· period of at least 5 ·
T.he Court also ·mentioned other':i'actors ·to consider . 'calendar _dax-s frorrr 'receipt of .the..notici"3 to·· give
. in. ass·essing the penalty to th.e employer such·.as:. . tt,e .. employe.es a_n· oppcfttunity. to· study the .
. · 1 .. The·. authorized cause:: : invqked, whethe_r . '~ccusatioaag·ainst-them, coi:isult a union official
'·· retrenchme·r:it or cessation :of operatioh due to or lawyer, gather data and evidence, and decide
serious b'usiness iosses;· . .. ' . . ' . on .. the defenses they will'. raise against: ttie
2. The numbe( of employees to-b~ awarded; :· compl~int (King o_f KinQ~ tran~port v: M.amac,
. 3.. ·. The financial capacity of .the ~rnplbyer; ,' G.R. _No. 166208, June 29; "2007). - ·. · ·

. .
2019 SAN SEDA lAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS 1·as .

. ·:
 LA.BO.R. RELATIONS
SAN BEDfl LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS~ _MEM9RY AID 2019
'IMP Ahl IMSMM ¥ rill> iPFP set.
'''
:.a. P. jtf,@

Moreover, in order to enable the-employees tci 8. ·Termination ~ue to completion· of project· in

·. · in(eli°igently prepare their explanation . and proj~ct employment; .
. defenses, the notice should contain a detailed 9 .. Tern;iinalion due to ·lapse· of season ·in case ()f .
. narration of the facts and· circumstances that will seasonal emp)oym'ent; ·
\ serve as basis for the. charge against. the 10. Terminati.on · que., to expiration ·of period · of
·· 'employees. · A general description of the charge. probationary'ein'ployme~t; . . .
will not suffice. Lastly, the notice should 11: Termination due to expiration of. tenure made
specifically mention.which company rules, "i°f any, . . coterminous with lease; . . . . . . .'.
are violated · and/or which among the · grounds 12: Termination due -..to expiration of contr.actt.ial
under Art .. 29T .is .being· cha.rged against. the employment; . · · .
employees (King-:of Kings· Transport V, .Mamac, 13. Termination due ab.an9onment; and
G.R. No . ._16620!3,_Jvne.29, 2007) v . 14. Termination due to closure.or.sto·ppage of work
by g~vemmer,it · authqrities · (CHAN; supra :at
· · i-; .· Att~r :se,.._;ing the first 'notice. the employers 344). . . .
. should: schedule · and :_:com;luct a hearing or
· conference wherein the employees will be given Seven Situations in Termination. Dlsputes
:Jh~:oppor,tunity to: : . . . 1 .. The .dismissal is for a just cause under Art. 297,
• .8\' .Explain and clarify their defenses: to" the 'for an authorized Cc!USe under Art: 298'·-or for
· charg~.against_thern; . . ~-.:.-:.="''-"=r.~·... hearth reasonunder Art. 299, and due process
.... b. · Presen_t :e'!ide.nce. in . support·~,9~elr 11LJ- ·. ·. ~ ~vi'~s-,,~bserved~ legal (Philippine.Airlines, Inc.
· · derensest-ano . ./.. ~~ , J '\I v./NL"f!,C~ G.R. No. 115785,. August 04, 2000).
. . c. Rebut the evidence preseQt.~cra-9atqs!th~n;J.r....==.;.~ ...;;.}~..~e ·.J.~rii!s.~al i§._ without just or. authorized
by the management (D.9f'i<JCJ;· 1'1c'Jr''tfj:,"&c. . . ca~.~e_.. bti.t><!a.e process was observed« llle~al
5. 1 (b)). /.(! ~,)/,;,?....="~-==-": ....•44.r!B~(fp_e_stilfe!.!ion Sec_uri~y Agency, Inc. v..
. · . . . · . i/~ :{" f · . TQ). --:,r ~-9". Daquer% G;.{SJNfi:14_7473, March 30, -2004}.
During· the hearing · ;pr h<?~eref)~e, It.Ye ~ .,0~ The~smi$~fa!.is w~ho~tju~t or authorized cause
'employees are. given· ~fie ch~hce ~Q defend ·.'I\ .. • and._~'.ere~,;l'spQ.l~e process - ,uegal (Lamber
therriselves personally, ,'' he/assist~~ficeofa" ---w··Pawrr,broke~~Jhd,\Vewelry, Corp. v.. Binamira,
.representatlve or cou"n ~19,f their~ cnoi.fi~;:i. c:.::::_;:fft.--:G.R/No. 17Wll6{_Jb/y12, 2010).. . ·

· . . .:_ \ · .,, · .~<S' ~ . ,

!
Moreover, this confere~c~.,on·~earing. eould 1~~mrrn£AB:rbeVdismisil~s·{6~ajust or authorized.cause,
: used by the parties as ~·w'or/p!l)~Ur,i,it'ft{\om~-.t? ~~~ · butl~pr6, ess :J;:J,s not observed - Legal but
al\ amlcable.settlement f{<iflf['1~(inrl#;.:Pr.~ifsi5;- . 1·;.... }j{[ifq~iris/ iab~f<dpay indemnity-in the form of
v. Mamac, (3.R. No. 166'{<J.8; ;Ju11~ 2~~~1~: · .-1:;w);~W.\!;lal·d~m.age~/(Af;abon-~· NLRC, G.R. No.
· ~ - ~~t1;693~Movemb_pr.17,· 4004). , , . , . .
~-.. After dete~mining :·tha\._ terititQatioA../'~\.,t~~'.l.Wrm_injlt1'on for.:,n9n~existent cause. - llleg!3!.
· ... emptoyment is· justi~e.ct, tti~ empro'y.!=}fS(sf.l~,.,~i'\·~The;~i;>loye~tvho·was dismissed. ~~s·e.d on. a
serv~ :t~e _.e~pl~yees a ~en ,,.-i;i_pti<::~of...;:-1~;:ii.ofi'.'.exj:}~~~a~se sh~uld be re_ ins~a-ted to his
ti;l1)1mat!O_l') Jnd_1c·atmg_.tha~:-_. · : ~"i·~yj 71~~~-.,,:,:-. f:. ~.p,9s1t!On,._ .or · _1f . ~o.t: _-poss,t;>le; . to . a
cl, . All . :circum_stanqes mvolvmg . ~ t;cM2_rge 1\ Ii! A.~'.~ . fJally equ1vc1fenl . pos1tio11 (Serra(lp v.
· . agajnst ·.. the · employees,: · have~.l;i ...t=zen · IV ,1.0.:."" . , G.R. -N~ .. 1170.40, Ja(!uary-27;,. 2000).· , .
. . · corisiderecj;· and · , · . .. .~,~;,.';~ .. Cases wherdhere"is no evidence of dismissal
b .. · ~rounds.have l;>~eri ¢stablishedtojustify the . . (e.g. wh~n '.employer. slid ·.iJol · ciismi~~.· ti"is
; , . severance ·of. their empl_oyinent. (King Qf . ~mpfoyees, ;:tn!'.f the latter did ·not i',lqandon their· ..
Kings _Tran.sport v.. "4amac, . G.R. No. ernj:)loiment):" Remedy·. is -ir.e'ir'istat~ment. but ..
1'66208; June 29, 2007). . : . wLU;iout"backwag~s (Asia Fancy PJywodd Corp; ·
. . . .. . y. IYUjG, ·G:R. No_•. 11309,9; January .20, ·1,999)".:
Instances when Hearing .is NOT Required· . 7. ."The dismis~al: was brought,· a.!x,ut · by .-the.
· 1. ·Admission. of gllilt by employee (Panuncillo v,_. . · : ifr!plementation of.a la:w-,:. ter'J!li~atiqn.:is' ·legal..
. CAP PH.L -,nd.;. G.R. ·No.-.-·16:1305, Febrµa,y-9,· · · -(~t. Mary'sAcademy of Dipolog Clty.v. Palacio;
2007);. . . . . . . ' · G.R. -No: ·t 64913, 'September OB, .'2010}, · , . · · .
"2. · .Terminati<:>1idue to. authorizedca1,Js;_es underArl. · · ·. · - · · · · : ·. ·; _ · · · ·· ·
· _ -2lJ3; . . . Indemnity ·i~ .the form of tiomir.ial damages:
3. - Termination-due to disease 1;1nder.Art. 299;. 1,.· .Jf.based on a just cause-,,.- P30,000 per Agabon
4. 'Rel?ignation· by the employee; · . . . · do.ctri_ne (Agabon ·v. NLRG; G.R. -{'lo•.. 15°l!693,
5: Termination ·after s months. of bona-fide· · ··'Noveinbe/17, 2604), .. . .. ,.
suspension of operation; . , . . . 2. ·. -lf°l??sed·on -authorized ~ause-:.. P50;000 per.
6. · Term,ination. due to expitatiorJ 6f fixed-period.· Jaka qqc.trine· (Jaka Food Processin'g ·C,orp. v.
· · employment; . Pacot, .G.R. -.No. 1:51·378',. March 28,. 2(J05).
1.,. T~rmination of- casual employment;

166 20~9 SAN 8EDALAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS ·

 it LABOR. RE:LATlO-NS-
&:. •M. . 5 1
;;,aEv-;.::,;1c;::RAL1ZEDBAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY.)vo;.!:!••. ,a

t -According to Jaka, the indemnity is.stiffer in case of

·,,.:· authorized cause termination because, unlike inthe
Automation (Rob_otics - installation -oflabor-
· saving devices. · ·
•' case of just cause terminatlon where the employee
..ii. • h~S . Committed a wrongful act, an ernployee Requisites: .
·1 dismissed . based , on authorized cause has not
deii1"1quency a: There must be introduction of machinery,
r. committed.any bl~me"Yorthy act nor any
0

. equipment or other devices; ' .

b·. The introduction must be done)ri ~cod faith; .
, or· culpability on his· part. Instead, the· dismissal
.. · .process Is initiated by the employer's exercise of his c. · The purpose. for· such introduction.must be
valid .si.rch as to save on ·cost, enhan~e .
~{' management . . prerogative.
. . (Jaka. Food Processing.
. efficiency ar:id." ·o,lher justlfiable economic .
l:i · Corp. v. Pacot,· G.R. No. 151378, March 28; 2005). reasqns; . . . . . . .. . ..
{\:

Some principles under the Agabon Doctrine ·. ~d. There is no other option . available' to the··
1. · Measure of penalty cir lndernnity-« no io"ngert_un . . employe.r .. fhan . the -. introduction of
backwages but nominal datna'ges.. ·. . · · ·,. ·. -machinery·, equipment or device an.d 'the·
· 2. Since. dismissal is considered ·iega1;:any award. ~onsequent termination ot'employmer.it. of
. of backwaqes must be "deleted and replaced by t_hose affected 'thereby; and •, . . . . . .. ,
award ofindemnity. . .. . e. · There must be.fair and reasonable c"riteria in
3; Amount of nominal- damaqes rnay be reduced. · -sele'o.ting employees.to be terminated. 0. co:
But as far as the upping of. the . amount. is · · . , No .. 147--15;·.Sec. 5.4(a)}.. · ·
concerned, a survey· of Supreme . Court ,,:"'\ . .
· · ··· · ·1 2 Redund.ancv.- condition when. the ·services of
deci_si_or:is. in_d_icat.~sUjat.t~ere h_as yet Qeen,-0_·_.,-.<fi,·'
•./,c,·.~,t- . · . . T
an employee are in excess of what is reasonably
decision mcreasing the 1.ndemrnty beyond
1. ,

has been prescribed .m Agabon and· -{~k~l,,,,,:r.,;jl . ·

~Mct"'·•·tA
,.., "-
· .
deman~ed _by_ the actual requirements of the
.
{CHAN, supra at 347). · . • -~! J••. -.,~i;:L- e~terpns..,e·orsuperfh.,1ous
(D:O. No. 147-15, Sec.
. . . , ,,/! ~:~ • ,,,· i>,1>" ~})-~(.qlt_fa.;).
J-::,;· \,,... . ' t~~ .....i.~ . .,;\· .. ~ ,-,:
..
Suspension of Effe_cts of Term_inati~n;.5"..,. · ·. \:.J -'j · R~\ii's~~:· ·
The. See_ret~ry _of La~or may s~spen~.Jpe Jff'e~ts '2.~~,J~-l · a. Ths'f'\'tnust be, superfluous positions. or
the ten:nmat10~pend1~g reso!ul1on of th~-~~e ~~-tM,.... l·1.,. seiviije\of employees; · ..
ev~~t <;>f:~ pnma fac1.e_fifldl~Q by,..!~e<'~p,g~pna~e:J:-1 ·0.":fo~e-~sltion.-cir services are in excess of.
o:tt1c1~I of .th~·-_DOLE befor~
pending
7.:§mth~ '9i~p,ute ~1~. · \j_.
I··\ ,· · natlis r~~sonabJy'derriand~dby.the ac::tual
· Th that.
t · ti" · ,(•• ,:,,:
""''· .. __~~
..J,'""'';'.>.,. li.).h-··. ,· , "'. ·!
~,,..,:r.eqmieroen i.1:ts~p tth e en
. t erpnse
. . to opera tem
.
1 • · . ~ errmna on _may ca_~pe r,a- S~Ol!IS l'd.~f}"r ·,. !,~'Ii '--..;'afl'Efc0r\ci""fhlcaland efficient manner··' .
· ·• dispute. • •
. .• -_ • • . ~ ~- _ tJ.'fi~(.• ~ JI·>/
&'.,:.' .).
.. • .'l ,.
1\z·
;"r ·
. c. ""Ttiere"'JT)'ust
.,;-,.v.- - · ~,>.
be good faith jn abolishing • ·
2. The t~rmmat1o!l 1s m 1_m_pleme~Jt91i01.~c1 ma~ · · ._- ·redundant-positions; · .
lay-off (LA~OR CCJ_QE, Art. 292!b)~ . -~- · . . · ~ i;~;i;~~~- T~ere iny_st be fair _and reas'on'."ble criteria in
. ARTICLE .298: CLOSURE OF EST;BciSHME~~;ti~~~\~icting the emp_loyees to be terminated;
/ . AND.. R!=D.l!CTIQN a·F PERSONNEJ..:\~~' /:r-if. ~- · -~h~re. _must be an ·adequate: :-p;o~f of
'j;
\'"
.·
·
ARTICLE 299• DISEASE As'
· . .. · · · ,
GRou11511FOR
·
redundan<,y :s_uc_~ a~:~ut'not_ Uh}it~d t,?-.!~e
new · s~affmg . . pattern, · _. feas1b1hty
'1,.· TERM,NATION studies/propos~t; on. ~he ·via~ility" .of. the
i:
:;·
-'A~THORIZE. 0-_C_AUSES. OF Dl~MIS$AL new_!y .c_reate.~positions, job de_scrfptibnarid
the approval "by th.e . management Qf the
.f Th~;- following·. are ·.the. autho'rizec;J - caµses of ·restructuring (D.O. f:Jo. 147_~15_..,:sec. s;4(b)) ..
~; di~mis.sal: (ARR-Cl).) . . .
,;.' 1,· Installation · . of . labor~savirig , d~vice ···or. N~te:"· Reorgani_zatiorJ _as a cost-saving device is·.
f· Automation;. ~cknowledg~d by jurisprudence. An en'lpl_oyeri~. not
r .2; Bedunda.ncy;" . , precluded fr0m ad9pting a riew_pelicy conducive t9 .
{. · · ~- .Beti:eochrrient (Oownsizing); · . 8' mo.re economical <;1nd effective man.agement, "an<;!...
4. . £losure or. C,es_satioli ·of Opeiratlorl of th_e . tne:raw dpes not require ttiat, the·empfoyer ~lfould be - .
Establishment or· !Jndertakirig (LABOR CODIE, . sufferingflrianc:ial losses before he can 'terminate the
f "Ari. 298); anp ·. . : .. · , , s~rvices: of ":the emp_loyee'. on the grour;id.. of
.; · 5, .,Qisease (LABOR CODE, Art.. 299). ·. ·
. . . . redundancy (DOLE Philippines,-Inc. v: NLRC, G.R..
~~ . No .. 120009, Sep_temb~r 13, 2001}: .
1. .lnstall~tion ~-;_ ~ Labo~-sa~ing . _D'evi~~s ....:.
. -reduction·. of the . .nui:nber of . workers in arw It is. ·however not _enoug_h for a comp~ny .to ·merely
. wo'rkplace rnade :necessary· by the introduction - declare. that positi,ons hav~ . be.come redun9ant. It
of labor-savirig-maeliinery or devices- (0.0 . .f'i/o.
0
must produce adequate p~oofof~uch redund_ancy lo
147--15, Sec. 4(m}X -·. · · · · · justify · .the dismissal· of the affected employees

2019 SAN SEDA LAW C~NTRALIZEO. BAA OPE~ TIONS 1 · 167 •·

 & A i-NfttUR4¥1¥#1& Mia

. . .
(Andrada v .. NLRC, G.R..No. 173231, December 28, .. Retrenchment vs. Redundancy'
2007}: .

Evidence to Substantiate Redundancy: .

·. a. Nl:iw staffing pattern:
:~~
-~:'..
· b. Feasibility studles/proposat on the· viability Employer · reduces .tne -When for purposes of
. of the newly created posltlons;: . number of its 'personrre! economy a . company
c. Job description: and ln order to pr.event further decides to reorganize its
d. Approval , QY·· the . management of· 'the losses in. his business departments by imposing
.restructuring (Andrada ·V. NtRC, ·G.R. No. operations : · (Catt.co on· 'employees of ...one
1"73231," supra) .. ·. tntemetionet ' . L{d>• V: department'. the .duties
Ottice of· the Minister- performed · by · · the.
Add!~lon,Jl·requisite: ... :,· . '., . Ministry of." Labor, G,B. employees 'of.'tJ,e other-
Retrenchmentls reascnably necessary and likely to. No. 76966, August· . 7, departmeat, , ·. thus
"prevent business-losses, "which,".if already Incurred." .. : 1992). · · · ... · ren-de~ing". unnecessary
are. not .merely cl~ -rninlmis, but substantial,' serious, · ' the .job of the· latter, the
actual and real, or if" only expected, are' reasonably services · ·. · of. the
lmrninentas perceived objectively and iii go.ad.faith.' . employees whose .
by the empJ?y~r (Lambert P{Jwnbrokers and ~ew_J/Cf.;~ """""'""- . · · . . · · · . · · functions are _now b.eirig ·
· Corp. v.. B~na_m_ira, _G.R. No. 1704_64, July ~10).
.. · . .. · · ,;r;f:~· b~-, .
ii
1t,.
J .· ~V,--~--~~- ·.
.?' .,.~ .·
·· . may
performed bY, the fo.r~er!
be . validly
3. "Retre~ch~ent_ .or. p~wn.slz.i'lg:i:7'.e"i<lP~~-F,'-:'-"-=~""·-4·JI_,;>- -~~, · ·· · .. terminated.on theqround
grc_Ju~9f~_r:dismls~[ng e~p~oyies·~fd.~~J{~s-~ft~d · ·: ~~~ ·. l\\ . o'. · red~nda,ncy (Gaffco
to pnman1y to avold' or m m~~e"li"$:'nes 1o~se~T1 s - ....,,,..,""'~("y ~\ 1nternat1ona1 .it~. . v. .
· (D.O. No: ·147-15, Sec. 4('1/i~Y""i·
· -, ·
I' .
'IIJ)
. / :._ "':.r/f· j ·· ; · jr 1¥~ · · ,~.. .
ii
··w , '-~·f'f..J-'\
t · · \ f ,. \
Offic~ of tt,e -Mm1st.er-.
Ministry· of. Leber; :G.R.
It.is a reductio!'l of p_erSOIJ,h,e~.us~~flydl.£~ t~_r~~.r· :.t~b_ · · I .· \\(jj ) · ~. No. 76966, August 7,
finanGiJil r~t~rns s.o as ,io.fc)t:dj!S~nOtlco~t~.,.;,~·~~') . . 1 . ·. . ...-An
·0Rer:a,t1qns 111. · _t_e.rms~of ~s-i:ifar:ie.s .J~
:.and .'"wa_ges;,~(i'\ c ;JJJt.:1' . • . · · \ ~ •.• ,1 · . _ ,, •
1992):

pr:eY.entba9krupt~y__of ~e ~~~niP,ahy_(Ful(f!"!.~~J; ~!Ji

Hlo. ~'147!Q14t.,~~1,1st
1< . • • _ • • ·_. • ;, _
lnc,v.: Bem~ardo, G:R.. ,1.4, .:::i--·.C:.. . ~. . :fi . . , · · · .
2D13).·· · ·· · .·,
.
Req_uisites:·: .· ..
. · .
· . \ .. Ai

· ..
\i
\
u pl.
,=i~ '\. , ..- •. . ~--~i
~'\_\:v:.· ·. ~ -,k.~f,. AJ.i!>-
eolj[~~~ct Does. not_. need .. to.·~.e ..
emf1oyer1/Jof aJ~ays 'tngg_erer;l . by ,a
: \ ... ·-.~~~~ ~ :~~~~1n9 :_Jer.:npl?y.~:~~ decline·i~ -~~:e· bu~i~ess_.
a. -Tr~·. retr,en_chment .· rii~st ~'\.--r~"ase.p-aet,~p1rta6~~e o~o~s~.s ~he, !hu_s, e~en t_f a, b_us_tm~ss Ji{
. . .neces$ary -~nd likely· t~, pre;e~l;,l.Js'.(.~~_., \o~ryit~5>j:f<'>a f b.,{~tness, 1s domg w~II, .. an .
losses; · .· ~\ · . .;.;~., '~t::.N;.;. .1~c1( .....of.~,~ w9!xf . : and ·emP.lo~er can st1ll _vahdly
b: _-ThE( ..losses,," if". alre~dy_ iqcttq,_~(9.r;'jiot~"""~"" ''?_:>°l:tSi~~T!=l)e?:ted.ucti~hcjismiss _a(lo. ,: employ~~
-. · i:ne.t!3ly·de m~nimis, bl!t \;ubs~an~~~.,~er.!ffoS:, 1~·Jif "\l~°\ti~\~rome. of t:i.1s _from the J~e.rv1c~ due ~o .
. act(Jal ·an!:;l :real, or 'if. only expecf~, c;1re· ·I~, 11 bu1~s. _. (Waterfroqt redul')dancy,_ :. if . -tha~
·· ·· ."feaSQiiably lrrirriinent; ·;..,. . · · · · .-~~~,...::= ·e_ebu H.qtel_ v.... Jimenez,... JfrnP,IOyee~S:.p9Si~ion.:h~~ :
,". . .c .. fr.i,e·. -~xpei:te.d,:or. actual _l_osses in"ust be_ G,R N_o. · 174Q·14, ·Ju_ne alre<3,d)!° . bec·o1:1e .. _i_n
· . prqved." l:iY . sufficient. ahd· ·convincing _13, 2012),. · ... .-·., exq~ss · o.f'_. Vihat .tfle
. evid~nce; . . . ·. ·. . . ... . . · _ · -· · er:pplciyer,'s. ·. e11w_rpri.se
· · d. · The retrenchment must be..in' go<>d faith ·for" te:quir~&.·.::. "(Ar.abit·: - .v•.
"tt:ia advancement 'ot its interest" and not to:. . J_ardine Pac.ific . Firra,n_c~;
· .·. · clef~at or cir~umvent .the"em ployee's ri!:)ht. to.
0 Inc.~ GR.=· No.,.181719,
· . security of.tenure; and . . · . . . Apri_l.21, 2_014) .
. e"." 1h.ere. niu::it"be fa1r ar'lcl. re~sor.iable",criterla·ip . . ' . ..
asceitalning who ."would .be 9iS:mfased :an<;{ · · . - . · · ' · ' ·. .. . . · · ·
· who · would b:e r.etained .among . the. Note::Ttie ptirase "ta prev~:Of Jpsses·-rn·ea,:is t.hat ·
retrenchment or . te.imin~tion from. the. service of
emp)oyeEis,.. · such ·as: st_atus,... effi~i~_ncy,· some eniplpy~es j~ auih,orized to be ·undertaken by.
·. ~eniority, physical fitn·ess, age·, and finam;:i_al : · , · .
· tfardst:iip for certai.n:w,orKers· co:o.· .
.
No. _14_7_ . _the employer.· sometime· ··before<· the lq~~es
.a'nticipaJ~d are actually sustained : or realized.-
15· Sec, B.4(c)). .. Evi.dently·, actual fos.ses. need not. set in . p"ribr {o
.retr~n.c;:l"].r:nent. (Cajur;;orii . VII · Y'·. TPI R/liiippines
Cement .Cptp., "G.R. · No. 14909Q, Februa;y f1,
2005), .. · . . ...

. ·168 2019 SAN BEDA°LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 ;;.·,,.•..
LA. ·B_o
. · R-- R
. '.-EL·A'
. ·T.1· 0. · N·.
SA~ DEPA IAWCENTMUZEOE!AROPERATION~'--MEMPR·Y'A/Dio,9 .
s .;i)rt-..~~;.
.:,:,!tJ~~--
r;. '~ :.:.,,.. 1
· ~rp &Ah 594FN WY M #Mil§ IMfliitffffft##INN@!liil·.PH_*:4>9tMMii:-.IM4SAiftPiQKBthFMM·itb~~7 'i ·.......
+;: . . . .
),Note_:· The 'employer bears the burden to prove such Rules: ., ·
·.::J'g~ol,!nO with· clear and satisfactory evidence, failing ·. . · a: Whe~e .closure is due tp· serious business
,,·:;!which the dismissal on such- gmund is unjustified _losses, no sepatation 'pa·y Is required (North
iJ:rBio Quest.Mar~e.ting lnc. 'end/orJose L. _Co it.. Rey, Davao °Mining Corp: v;· NLRC, G:R. No.
...,<GR. No. -181503, September:18, -2009). . ... ·11°2~46, March·13, 1:996); . · · ·
_-'•:last In, First <;>ut;, Rule- (LIFO)· . ·Note: The: ex~n;ir?lion ·bniy. pertains fq the ·oblfgation
•' ·it applies to termination of, employment in the same of the employer urwer.Art. 297 6f the Lab.or Code,
, line of work. What ls contemplated in the LIFO rule When
. . the.;.' · ·obligation .. to .. pay : separation.
. . benefits, .
·-.is._that whe;n there are two 'or more employees- - h_owever, 1s no\ sourced from law (partlcµlarly, Ar1icle .
,,/occupying'. the: same .· positlon in the company. 197 of the. ~abor Cocte), l:lut · from contract, such as ·
'1_.:affe¢ted .l?Y th~ retrenchment. proqram, the laft one . an existing_~olle<,tivebargair.iing_-~greement betwee'p ..
~-,.emp(.oy~_d_ wi{~ nec.~ssy1rily,be. the. first toqo .(M~'yey__ the e·mployer·and. ils."employees;..an examination· of
t- faiff!S; ~mployl!es Qf.gan,iz[!tion v. NLR~, G.R No •. · tti.e latter's provisions becomes necessary .In order
-~
·~f -10625{;, Deq.e_mb_er28, · 1994).
J~
.
HoW:ever, no
.
iaw
.. . . . . , ,.·
·
mandates lastin, fiFst out (UFO) or
Jo determine .the. ·99verning_"parameters the said
obligaJion (Benso1_1· Industries Emp/9yees. Uniqn-
ALU-TUCP. v.. Beason· lnaustries,. Inc.,. G.R. No. ·
for
';; · · Flrst, in, :J...ast Out (FILO). The .reason is simple. A .-200746, Augu_~t 6,- 2014).. . . .
\'. hostof relevant factors come into "pl~y in"determining ' .
;;.- , · cast .efficient. .:. measures , arid ."'in choosing the ,,... b.. Where closure , is· .. not ·clue: to serious ·
,:·· employees.who"wlll.be·retained orseparated"to"save!"·/t.l business: losses, workers are entitled· to
~r the company fr.om·. closinq shop,' In det~rminfrigy<)··
jc.' these issues, rnanaqement has to· enjoy a /pre1:;:·.. ·.t
. separation . .pay . .(Manila . ; Polo
Employees Union (MCPEU) FUR-TUCP v.
Club

,f: emlnent role .: ('T.)anagement prerogative) .(~"$'(an,'.~.\,: Ma"njla Po10:c1ub; Inc., G.R. No .. 1728:16,
f-:· Alcohol_Corp:_v. N_LRC, G.R. [Vo. 131108, Marcjf.2f;::)J::·~"""i?.:::.~.., Julj}?,_4,2(113); and. ·· . : _- · .. ·· ·: ..
·i', 1999). ·. · .
~' · . . . .
·:.· .
· .:
.·J · ':"\:.'.) ),J'~
·
. . . . ,.,'."."'_:,.; . .. .A..J
. -:':"-X·e.~~ef~ clo$ure was due· to an act· of thE;i
. govpr.r:im·er:it, the ..workers are not ~ntitled to
}>. In cas~s. ,of in~tallabcm of. _l,;i_bor-s~.v1~g1f.devt?es-'.:-····i~ . s_eij.aY,ation pay' (National F~deration of
S · ~e~und-;tncy ·al"!q· retrenchment,_ _!~e ~1~0, 1;9~-.,;,shall / 1 . . L~'bpf J\("LRC, G.B .. No. 127718, March 2,

f
f: .. apply,.e?Ccept wh_e_n an emplo"ye~v~blan~.~r.S:tobe
separat~ffrq1:rrei!iploym~nt.<P#'No,_,14-Y:..'-rs; Se_~\-· ).J.
r,,. . . .J ·. ··' ·
~b06j. \' .
fl.· ~ . .· .. .
·. . · .
·· :·
t 5.4): .·· · .. : · · f ·.~"J ,;;.:.;\.. ~: · . p.,l· Not~....ffei:td.98.1£1,cli:ldf:t»both the compl~te cessation
. · · · _ · - "'-:f ·:· «!Y"[) --~~~·}.. ·. 1.;.il of allbt[~(a~~o:p,',JKtions.and the .. cessation of-oniy
. Hob.s~m's ~hoi.ce .~ean_s no cli~i.f~ .cf~Jf;.~ cho~~1._: .
·b~tw:een accep.tmg~hat 1s·?ffer13d~oylrav1,nf,-:~ot~11,g
t~ p·art of a'":coin_p~'ifr._sbu.si_ness (CbeniVer Deeb Print
.. · f;/ .. _Te~hnic~ .. Corp. v.. NLRC,:, GR: No.. 142876,
at,all..For example, 1.n A.sufnn Jr. v.. 'sa(J),Mig,;,ef C::orp... ).'•r:..r-fjeb.111ary 17, 2000). .. :· : ' · , ·• .
the employees ·were· given.. ·th~ ch0)9~:,ei~er,..,ti;?._c.·!:.·:·1'!.d~';!tf.::l~; · ·· ·· ·. ·. · · ·
. voluntarily retire, !:le retren'ctie_d with b~hefifs,.o'.fihe... ~ ......,,J..lffl~~~~~~ffi
"it:doe~ not requi(e "proofof
J , --dismissed. v./ithouf ·receiving any-··t:\ebefit fat:! all · ·
actual br imminept.lo~s .. : .
;;._·... (Asufrin.Jr. y. S_af?_Miguel Corp.,· G.R;°'ivo°):/§.6658:,
.... March-10, ?004).· · . ·: · ·· , . It doe·s··not-requlreproof of -'..
·4: .--Cl~~µre·-~~ ~~~s~;;~~. o{.op~r~titm ·,~f. _-t~e -~-- ....
Mtu_al orimrni.nent_lo~ · : .
It:· requires proot of actual
· Esfabli~l'iment or.-Undertaking .:;._ the·com·plete. : ·
. : . c,r ,p.arti'al cessation'. ·of- th'e. Qp~r.ations anttlot . : or J!l)minent lo~s '
. . sh.ut,fown .of the ":e&tablishtnent of the· en:iployer. ·it does.not require proofof
No.
·. ·(b._O., 147~15, Se.c: 4(c)).' It is cartjed ou(to ·. actual..or. im"mihent loss·· . '
eitMr starve. ~ff the financ1al ruin or prornoie.the : ·
·. business ·,nterest of the· employer. {Eastridge . (CHA~,
·.;,
supra
. . at.3'16).
. \
. . .. .· ·· ·.
· . · Golf ciJJi, •inc:·v. Eastridge·.Go/f,CltiQ.Inc:: 'f. ab9r
· .· Union-Super,.: d:R.'· No:··· '166760,<··August ·2, . : . C~m-mon 0 re c1~isites·.of·authorized:causes u~dEfr
. · }008): . . . · , . , · . . ·. . · . . : . .. · Article 298:" :· . : . .. · ·; . . · . · .
.1: · there is good raith in effecting the .terminatio·n; .
Re·quisiteS: · ... . .. . ·2.- th·e.termination is·a matter ot.Jast.resor.t; ·. .
· · ·a·•. · There ·musr be a'aedsion to dose bf cease · 3.. 2 ~ep,irate_writt.er'Inotices a.re served on both the
. ope"ratlon· of .. :the, .enterprise by~. the affected employees ;;ind .the D0LE at least 1
,.m~nag~_men~; . . . ..· . . month prior.to. the intended"date o{ termination; ..
b. The decision Was·made! in ~ood.faith; and · . 4. Separation pay. ;· is .. paid - to . the · affected
c. _- There is. no. ·other ·option avaiiable ._to.. the, · . employ.ees, to wit· · . ·
,,.,_ · emp_loyer· · ~xcept · to . clcjse or ·cease · _a: If base.d'~n~ . .
· ·. operations (D:O. No .. 1:47-15,-Sec. . · i. · . installation of labor-device; or
c.: .. . . 5.4(d)).
. . ~

. .. .
·..~ . 2"019 SAN ~EDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS" I
.
169
 -~--1

.LAB:OR. RE-LATIO·Ns·· ·-- 4§ .....

SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED B~R Of?ERAnOf'.!S ~ t,1EMORY AID .2iJi9
A 1&it•Mta CiSf# . Mhi&t+M& I PHSP@:*AlN IMiHi&WiN

· ii. redundancy '"'.' 1 month pay or at least ~ Medical Certificates need not be notarlzedln .orcer
month. ·pay for every year of· servlce,' to be admitted in . evidence and accorded . full
whtcheverls higher. afracuonotat least·· probative · weight 'because in practice, these
. 6 months shall be considered as ·1 documents contain 'siqnatures .of physicians which
whole year. gives rise to the. .presurnptlon that the medical
. b, · If based on: certificate has been regularly issued (Union Motor '
i.' Retrenchment; or .. . Corp. 'v, NLRC, G.R.· No. ·1.59738, December 9,
ii.: Closure· . not due" to 'serious business .2004):.
losses· or ·financiahevei-ses ~-1 month
. pay or at.least Y:z··mont!l pay for _every
year of'service, whichever is higti'er, a
Note: bisc;riminali~n in· any, form'. from pre-
-employrnent to .post-ernpioyrnent, including hiring,
fraction <k at least _6 months sl"iall be. . · promotion qr assignment, based on. the actual,
considered as 1 Whole,year, . ·. : perceived or suspected HIV status of an iri'dividual is
.. c. If closure. fs d.Lie, to: serious business losses. · · prohibited: Termination'from work on. the sole basis
orflnanclat reverses c-noseparetjonpayIs of 'actual, perceived -or suspected t11v·status is
-requlred.: · , . <' :. · · · . deemed unlawful (R.A. No. 8504,.Sec. ·35).
· d. h-1 case th'e·cEiA or.company policy provides
0 .· . . . . . .· . . · .
for a higher separation pay. Thesamernust: It' is. ~mly where there i.s··-~ prior certification from a
. be foiloWed instead -of theone ·Providf.ld i~==--==£~petentpublic authority that the' disease afflicting
Art 29EJ.'(CHAN1 supra af31_5); · /;?"~ lTLJ: iRe:;~mJ?.!oyee·.souqht to be dismissed is of such
e. Fair and :reasonable criteria -~,,.;;i:lef[ert!iQ.i~(;I1l Jn~\lil"<t/OG~t~ach stage that _it cannot be cured "'.>'itt,in
Wh_at_ p~sitiOl)S are' to be Jltt~{!(eclj .tJf1_!:i.9.,:.....:._=:e-4~J~) _mpntt.i's\~'{enwith prop~r rnedi~I treatment
. tsrrmnatlon ·(L-am_br;rt _ ~fl':Xmb_io'J<f!f~;;:"an~.;~- t~~t~~~fu~~y~"tcou_ldbe validly terminated _from
Jewe/ryCorp.\t"BmamifJ,.ffi1J'!fK!,l.,Q.464, · ~'e_ · 'h1S-•:JQ~ (T~~ N~~C, G.R.. No. 116807, April- 14,
l h.""t°-;)./1 l . ,10 \, .'
5.
. /u!y-12, 20_10).. ·

Disease .
'Requi:-ltes: .
}i, · /·
.f!:"':~l
a. The.~mp)oyee.1~ su,s_'nr1grfgoman ,d1se~~~r
l·-.-~,-~,· . .
P·
l ie97). \,
In. case\ the -~,nlip~~f unreasonably refuses to
s~~l7T~·medi~h--~JS.atn.ination
~~-A~. fjq~e~te~1.to..,,~~-. so, the - employer _may
I

or treatment upon_

b. The continued ..emp!oylJ{eh~of ti'\~ e"'mp.loy.~-e:c: -;-m]:e.tm1nate his, U sePflfc~s on · the ground of
Is pr9hil:lite9 by ·_la~icff:,-pr.~j~d!c:fa{~.~~~.!P.2i~~jti~bor. w111Ju1 di~obedience_ · of lawf~I
health as well i;l~ to 1,n~.1.}ea,1.thotJ;it'§J~r-!;p;,~ 1· t ~ er_,,{yt8;©R9i0BJ!f lrt:297 (a)), · .. ·
~mj)foyees; and ·. i '\."ft., /' 't \;e~\~~;._:r~· ~ ;~) • •' JI . . -:v JI ., . . .: .
· c. . _There·must be. certifi~atioil b\ a cowffe.t'i~().P.::S1 · ' · .~!dllral ~t~ps R~.quired . ·
pl,J'blic health a~thorit~th_at ttil:l. dis~~-· 1G:·'Qf-fttfen.iiotic~t1femp!_oyee.·concerned,at least
in~urable with~·- a_ perio'tt~_?f6_ m"a~~~~'JENT\~O ,9~Y~ prier }fthe· intends~ date of.termi.nation
with proper m_ed1cal.. treatrnen_t ,.fP.e.._.._Ni:f..~.-.;JPfO,. ~%147-1,5, S~c. 5.3~. ,
· · · 147~15, Sec.. 5.4(e)). : , .. -(9r)~~ ~+-·{\: }c:«~ · ·- . · -
· ·. . . ·. , · . · · ::)\~ .. «;)].,. _:,:_.~\ ,f -~;t"'ijpji:!'i".,vvn~n _te~_mination of employment is
Termi,:iatipn.of.services'for ~ealth.:re~son~ll.l'U§&g; ... 1y11-=:,!PJ:..O~~t.
effected · only. upon compJ1ar::ice . with· tbe: :above'""'="~ the st~ndards . of the employ~r m · ca~e of
by ~h.e_ f,a1lure .C!f an empl_o~ee to meet

. · requisites (iAZUCENA,sup',:_;/at 91-8-$19). . . :- :") · • probati~nary,en:iployment, it .~hair be ~uffici~nt

· · · .. · .. · ·.· · ' that. <'! · Written .·notice -is. ser:vEld .the: employee-·
Not~:· In. ca$e. of death." Art. ~:99·= cldes not apply within a reasonabltHime from' the effective date ·
( Gom·ez v. P.e,ntral'Vege.table'Oil; .GJ~.·No. L-227Q2,· . of t~tmiriation (IRR.·of (he,LAB.OR. COl)E, Book .
. .)uly 2,8, ,1969): · .. ·. · · · ' .· · · Vl;R.__~leI, SecJ2):. · · ,
·,; . . . ·. .

Competer:it· Public Health. Authority ·..-~fers. t~ '8 . ·. When. terminatjon . .is .· br~Ught . about_. by .the
government. doctpr, 'w\lhose · medical 'sp.ecialization'. completion 9( ttie 90.ntract..or phase 'thefeof, no·
.. pertains to the. disease' 'being 'suffered:· '.bl the . prior )JotiGe is require.d (bto.- No:"09--97,' Rule
employe·e. (CHAty,··~upra,at 334)-. · . . -· ' XIII, Sectiqn :?(c)); · .. ·: .. · . . · . , •
. .. . •;. . ... ...
. . .. · .. ' . . - .·.
The· requi.remeht·for a medical. certificate ·under Art.
.:\' . ·,' 2.. Written notice to opu~ at least 30 days prior to ·.
.(l;le -JntendeQ;da_te of:terminatiori; ·
2!:19 -of the La~or code c·annot qe dispe~sed with; .
othe'rwise, .. it. would ' sanction . the' unilateral' and .
. . .
Purp9se: To l:i.riable it .to .ascertain the. ve_racity
- .
arb{trarydetermi~atitmbythe·employer of.the gravity' .. of the cause ·of termination.
or extent of the··employee's illness arid thus. defeat ·
the publi¢._policy-in the protection of labor (Sy .v. CA, .. 3.. .Pa.yrriEi°ntof sepc;irat1oh pay (LABOR CODE, Art.
G.R. No_ 14n93; February.27,.2003); ' 1 ··2~~-299): . . . . . . ·: . . ·. · · · · ..
- . .. ,. . . . ~ ...

. 170 :2019 ~AN BEDA LAW _CENT.RALJZED BAA OPERATJONS

 , ,;we .... bdP

LABO.R RELAT-1-0Ns·
SAN '8E;DALAW CENTRALIZE{)BAii OPERATIONS~ M.EMORYAID 2"019 .
lif Se( IMF . . 2 F&e N MPNS9"19JW&MM¥ hi- ·sa4aWH:t'&a ·uwuPCNRt~~ ·
Rules on Payment of Separation Pay The rule- is different in: the case .of -an illegally
dlsmisaed empJoyee in which the separatic;m. pay
shall be computed from the start of employment untll
his actual separation .(such .as tn cases where
reinstatement is no longer feasible) (Golden Ace
Eqtljvafeht .· to · at
least
_Buil~ers v. Ta/de, G:R: No._ 187:lOP, May 5, 2010).
fo_qnth. ·pay or at least 1
month p_ay for every year of
Dismissal for Just Cause v, Termination for
service, . whichever. is . Aµtho"rized :cause . . . .
h)gh¢·r: a fraction ·of 6
nion.tti"s.is "considered as 1
yv_hol~ · .. yea~ ·.. (LABOR
CObE;Art. 298). - .
·; .
EQuivaielit to 1 month. pay
or~tleast"Y:imonth pay°for The employee, . -ls-. Tl:le .employee ,IS
·_every· yea·r. ·. of . "service, dismissed "for causes dismissed {or causes
whi<.:hever': is·. h_igher, a which are attributable to broughtby·tne'neces.sity:
fraction of ·6. months is his fault 'or 'culpability and · .. exigencies · of
considered -:as 1 whole (D.O.· No. 147-15, .. Sec. business; . changing
_·year (LAB()R:JJbDE, Art, ;:;y . •4(b)). economic · conditions
:298).·. · '. . ·.· · (:\{::;:\ .:~dplo:~;ess(~.b'. t:
Equivalerrt to 1 mqnth\i?l=\f <·11;;,f . 147~15, Se_c. 4(a)).
or at lea~t Y:, month. paj'fof ., '.:·•./,_:... '"' ' ~ ~'i'~ ' . '. . . ' .
eyery . year of . .s6rvic~;~j ! ,,'.£,....:. ~Hf ~.. "'. ·. . ' . , - • . ' · • . • . 1' \;
w~ic~eve.r )sr;.%gher,· .11,,J~ . As a . ri:Jle,,?~\?ismi~se~:Ar( empi<?~ee.termlnated
fr?cti~:m· Of ,)?!\..'TJOnths
, >n
:. · ~~- employee ;JS\J~~t ent1tl_ed for : authorized. calJse. IS
pons,oere~ :;::i.s.i:J,--:--~he:1le .l). t9_ .. ser.,ar1t,o';l . .pay .en~1tle~ to , separation
ye~r _(lJt,§.OR-_GSlfP_s Art. · t•~, . ~Claudiafs.ryftch~n, Inc. pay"(0BORCQDE,Art.
298)/f->. . /= " . :" r•l v. Tadgµm,~ G.F.s: No. 2-98-299). ·
: · .': tt~:1 ~.;.?.?i.ih.. ·,....... ,
l:f duej"to s.ev~~/!)usin~~ , ..
r
r.iti
··r 2210.~~~Jun'e-.-gS/2-PJ.,7).. : · '· : · .
'· ""• · -w:•-'."" .'~,w· .. · ·
:fosses
·. ~--"-'~~-,-,r--..;
o?:,,-t.,.~narioia:I · 1.
r· . . t;·''}
reverses;lltflO" · separati1;>h ·. h l · . .
_pay' .. due 'f•(North},Davao . -_r;'-fr-:- -'a~fore· ~n '. employee .is E.mplqyer m4st giv~ the .
Minlng· .& )p'§>-Verbpf!J.~FJ.t.- ·,{;C:::; :w::T.•s'§_edJor_just cause, ·1:1rnployee . to . . be· .
Corp.oration,y;{p.JLR9:ff¥R: ·· ·-- ·he rriasr-~e give~ ar(lp_le ten:,in13ted . a writtefl
No: .f12546;,:\¥_frlifi-''-1:J;- . opport~rnty to .be ~e;:1rd r:iotice_- at leqst one· (1)
1996). . , . _'-f~:..:,':;::'\ ·· and to defena h!mself month before · the
·· ..... , .. (D.o.· N~..--147-.15, Sec." inte.rided -dar . ··of.
Equivafe.ni. {o at. le·ast 5.1(b)) .. -· · termiriatiori (0:'0. ··No.:
' 1month J,ala_ry_ ·or·'td % ·147_-15_,.$ec>·s.:3):.
t:" ·. · montt, salary tor ever.yyear
of"• service; whichever· is
F··. "higher:- . a· . fra~tion of at . : '
"'-
. Notice to . DOLE . is. not 'Notice; : :lo DOLE is
least 6 months shall be ·
cqnside.red: f w~ole:· ye~r required (0.0. No. ·t-47- retjuired (0;9; -'No: ·147-
(LABOR CODE, Art.· 299). 15,- Sec. 5._1}. . 15;.Sec.'q.3J.:. ·.

·No\3eparation pay :._ .· · Requi~ements for.Termination:· ..

(National Federationof ·
Labor v: NLR.C; G.I{
-.12771a; March?,· 2000;:
·,· . . .· .
... Note: ·1., ter~iriations d~e to· authorized causes, tt:ie
of
comp~tatioi"! separi:i"tion'pay _sha!l pnly include th~·-.
years. of service .ftA_BO~ _CODE, Art. 298)•. · . _..
1: Substantive· Due Process .
No. . The·empldyer sh.all not-tetmiriate·the:seniices of '
afl employee except for a just ca(Js¢ (Art. 297)
or.:when· authorized· by-law (Art~. 298 and 299).·
When ;ther·e is no- showing of.1;1. clear, valid .. and
legal cause for the t~rmiriati.on of employment;
th~ law co"nsiders the cas~ a ni"atter of. illegal
dismissal ($-eneral Baptist . College v. NLRC,
G.R. No. 85534, March-5, 199'$). · ·

2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRAUZfD BAR OPERATIONS. 171

 LABO.R ·RELATIONS
SAN Bf.DA LAWCENTRAL/Zf.D OAR OPf.RiTIQNS - Mf.MORY AID 20.l!Y
¥WHIWIM&d-Wi N XNstS&AiM !Mi! iiOH . J#3¥1WSI
PIIBRIRMR +H dSW#fi@Mtd

'2. · Procedural Due P.roc.ess . notice (Mayon· H;tel ~ R~staurant v. ·Adana, 'G. R.
. a: · For termination. based on just causes under
Art. 297, procedural due process means
No.
. 157{33.4,
.
May
. . .
16, · 2005/. . . · . .
. compliance with the following: The requirement · of. law m~ridating ·"the giving of
i: · A written notice: (first notice) served on· 'notic~s was.· ir'iten.ded not :only to· :enable the
. the employee specifying the ground for. ·.employee.? J6 look for another .~mployment and"
termination and.gi~in~ to sald employee ther$fote ease the.ir)'ipactof tlie las$. of their jobs and
reasonable opportunity . to explain · his . the correspon!;ling income, but more iryiportantly; to
_."s1de. · : · give ·the. .D~p·artmerit · of Lfibor_ and-: Employment
ii. A hearing or·coriference (or at least an (DOL.E) ft.le opportunlty to,asci:Irtaln the verity of the .
·: . opportunity to ·be" heard) during .which ::)lleged authorized' cause: of terminatlon. (Mayon
. the . employee- . .""concern'ed,· .. with' .. the Hotel & Res_taurantv. f!..d~na, G.R. No: 157634, May
assistance o( counsel if the. employee 16r~005)., .. _ _..· ·· · - ·
SO desires, is ,g.iven 'an opportunity to ..
' respond 'to the. charge, present hls . ARTICLE :fo'.o: TERMINATION BY EMP.LOYEe .
· evidehce · or. .
rebut the evidence 1, :.Withoht Just C~use: .-:"_;.by· s~rv!ng · a. written.
'presented 9gaipst him.: . "' notice· on the employer .at .least 1 -month in
. iii.·. A written notice-of termination (second. . advance: The' employer upon wl)om .no such ·
· · notice) . served .. on· the employe.Ek=~-- .notice .was served may hold the employee liable
indicating that upon due. con~ideratfon~ur . . r·--,,_Joi::~mages_ . .. . . . . . . . . .
· · of all the circumstances, gro6'nd~':hhf1ve !, ri~Jwuh 3u,st Cause ~ An-employee may put- an ·
. bee~-. : -~stabli~hed f;.fiS:,,..
tg..?"-<j~sliJ>i.";,l)J§='.-==~~~r~. e~ployrilent """.ithoul-servi~g;_ any
. terrnlnation (Kmg of !f_1._l]Y!j_"71-;9rf,_$ptJft v. · . . . . n"Qt),ge '01'.ltttw.,employerfor any of the fc,llowmg_ ·
Mamac, G.R: No . .,}(66~,,,,i'~.,.-2~""'?.'~"'"""'=i.Ysl caa{es: ($\JCA) . . . · ·
, .2007). . . .···:{,-::e,,=,,,_ ,/7 s 'lg) ·°"jf ~7' a:-"'"\~~i~Sf~~lt"by the employer. Or his
b. For termlnatlcjj' ~asep, or{la0f on~ld cau~·e: .&!\.LJ°'t,, • lepre~:J.li~at~v~on the~ honor and person of
under Art.· 298 and.A-9l- 299, comph(!mce with ,,,t;,-~ · ~e emplo{ee;"t ··,.
p~~c~dural . · du_e ~icf_g}ss whid-~~-~s ! ......·1rr·~-:-l'l":"'~lhhuma'~-.....;j~q(,· Qnbearable Treatment
service of.a wntten~r_:rot1eefo· the ~mpf6~j~'u~lj
. AND· the appropriale.,...R'e:gional. ~tfjce.;~:El~..w.~~~
«»: . Jccorde'~rrhe~~i.,:iployee.bythe employer o.r.:
. J1is "r~P.T(%S:eAtaFve·; · . < :·· . .
· DOLE atle~sqo d~y~~~qretn"f~fltfctiy_it"y~~ :_sJ~ml~iori ~f~a ~rime·. or ?ff_ens_e~by tti':
or the tem:11n~uon, sp~cJfY1~-9ttt~$€l~91!l!1q,o~~·.1: qi\ . /A{:~p.loy9rh·.11•~~11s, 1eµr~$er1lal1v~ .agam~l the
grounds for- terrTJif!a'ti°\)6 ·ra~AN}(s'i)w/J..··.afE'i, .ltt:r.%-;~'? ./'.tj..PJi!r~o·l}l of Tu~11 employee or -any ·of the
341). . . . \ · . '~, ~~Jk~ ~ >-$.,/ '.:"-:<~'if.nm7ftiate1115:!mbers of: his family;-ar.id ·
c. For termination basel,.t orr c(l),q,pleli_g~~:"",
?Ontr~~t ~r phase~thereiiJ', .N.o ~~19r. no@:~"f\.1~:
....-&a . O!!)~f.. cau~~~ · ~nalogous t_o · any of ~he
· fr~going (fA_BQR .CODE, _Art_.. 3()0): . . , . . .
1s requirei::l_{P.-Q. N9. 09_;9,7,Ru/~11,,_,.,]..g,~ f?_..,_~:/ , . · .·. ".:··- · ·. · ;:
~...<iJ:-,f' .:" .
. 2(c)) •. · .... , .. · · .. . : .,~....: . .;. ~"11 ...~,."'"""'~-R~s1~n\t1911~·Jhe:volunt13ry_~ct of -~ITJpl9ye:~swho
d. · ·i:or terminati?n ofpr~ba_tion~ry--e~gt0.yh-reot "} !J"-~i_\~£,9lii~11&d ,;by p_ers·ona1:re~spns;to. dissociate.
·.tiased _on-Jarlure, to meet the ·s~anc;tar,/s <>f _...VA.t.tli"l:!r;:g~elves.-fromtheir employm.~nr~)tmust be don~r
.erriployrjlent-written ·notice must be .~eiw'a-- , -~W'i'ffi:· . · . . · . · ·.. ·.: .· . :· . _:. · · · ~ . · ..
. to ..tlJ~. "E:mployee ~oncerned" .. wfthir.i. a ·1. inle.ntion of.relinquishing an. offic!:'l;.·ano .· . · ....
reasonable· time f~om the effective date of 2: . Accompqnied :bY . the ~c':t ·.Of :". abandon"tne"nt
the t~rminatio·n. (IBR: of the LABOR. cb6~, . ·.(Grand~ ii. Philippii)e Ni{iitical):;ain.in_g C.offege;
Book .VI, Rii/e I, Sec. 2;. as- ainended by_D. 0.
. N.o: · fQ..c97J. . .. . · · '. · .' · · ·
-G.R. No, 213137, Ma,:ch 1 /20·1
·.
zr : .· · ·
Ther.e,-w~s no._resignation. Whefl imtnediateiy. aft~.r..
Notice Required . ... . · · · . the:,al!eged resignation of the. .Eft:n.pfo.y~e;i,e filed a.
Serio1is business ·_lossesdo .ncit excus~ the eri,ployer . complaint. for illega,1· d.\smissal (Carl9$:::v... CAi. G.R. ·
from:co"mplying with the cle~rance ot report r~qt1ired · .. · · Nb. 16?096, .August . 28; .
·20()7).·
. .... . · :. ·: .. .· ·..
under- Art: '298 of,
·,the .. labor Code .. a_n~ its· ~- ..., -
implemsnting . r:ules . b,efor.e terminating... tre v~1urttary.· R_es°igna.tionis th~ ·~ct of an ~mplpyee;·•
employm·ent of its , W<?~ker,s. l_n the.· .a.b_sen~_e· qt who finds himseifin•a.situation-in \vhich :he- believes
. "justifying ci~cu!TI~tances, the failu~e of th~. emplq_yer . that pe'r'sorial reascihs canno( be' si161'ific:ed"jj-(favor
to. observe . Uie· · procedura! _requirements .set out of the exigency of the-service;·ihus,"he has'.no ofher
und¢r .Arl ·ws- of the .Labot Code, taints-· their: ·. · .. chok:e. p_ut .to . disas~ociate hims~lf his". from :
actµatfons with t?ad faith, If tlie lay~off was .tempofi:lry .. · ~mployment (Alfaro_v: CA,:'G,R:fVo,-1_40f{12,Aqgust ·.
but·.th~n se_rious. business IQ~ses P,reventeq the. 28, 2001): .. . .
reinstatement of respondent~; the ·employer should. ·
have complied · with the requi~ements of writtet1

172 1 ·· 2019
., . SAN .SEDA LAW
. CENTRALIZED
. . . . BAR
. OPERATIONS
. ·
 t:tr·
,'/,.,;, •
.
. ...
LABOR·:·RELATIONS .
SAN BEDA LAW CEfflFlALIZEQ BltR OPfRATidN$ - Mf'MO~Y Al'? 2019 . .
.
. ·
,;\i1,:,·
. ,,' ~ .-. " \
~i~·~SldMW&MkNCSRiftiC& &AL)114Rlidi WHO 42lhiii h&i\9,CSM i~ . MH!8Witdfi!iitl?l4tiJ.t£, ·· .,·~{ ..~

'·.:i=:ven if. the option to resiqn' qr_iginated from the ~fter the 30-day period of suspension, the.employee ·
employer, what is important for. resignation· to be must be reinstated to hi:;; former position because
'.'deemed voluntary is.Iha] the employee's intent to . suspension beycndtbis maximum period.amounts,
:, relinqui,sh must .concur ~ith the overt ac.t_ of . to constructlve dismissal (Hya(! Taxi Services, Inc. v;
.~ relinquishment (Doble. v. A/;31;3, · Inc.,. ~.R.'; "No. Catinoy.,. G:R. No. 143204,Jun_e 26,. 2001).
,}." :215627, June 5, 2017). · .- ·· .~. . ...
,¥_t · : . . . :. . · Test of Constructive Oismi·ssal .
1'.:°."The employee must .serve ·a written notice on. the. · Th~ test of constructive dlsrnlssal is whether a ·
!,f:'.. employer at 'least ·1. month- in. advance. Once reasonablepersonin the employee's position would
·. ·accepteci, it cannot be withdrawn· .Without· the have felt compelled to give up his position under the
. consent. of the employer .(lo(ertrod"Matitime, Inc." ·ii. . circumstances "(McMer Corp, tnc., v.. ·NLRC,.. G.R.
~ NLR_c; G'.R. No: 81?87., Jl!,:ie-1!1;_'1~91):'". . . Np.. 19342JJ June 04( 2014).: . : '

~n--empl~yee -~ho. vol~ntarily re~i~·ns- i~· n~t:.entided : Temporary Lay-Of( . . ...

to . .separation' ·. pay unless stipulated in . an
... employment· ..contract . or. CBA or. sanctioned by
:· established _emplo"yer practice "or policy "(Bel Rio V·.
·. DPO Philippines, tnc., G.R. 'Nb. 211525, Pecemqer ·
) . 10, 2018). . . . . ..
.. There is· no specific provision "9f l~w w_h.ich treats of
a temporary retrenchment or lay-qff. and provides for
the, requisites in effectir1:9 it or a period of ,d.uration.
therefore. These employees cannot however. be ·
forever "temporarily" .iaicfoff. ·

,.· Voluntary resignation and ille~al di~"mis~a;_ ·. fl,r.,'/Jl ~~ :r~~~d,;,°t~fs ~-ifuati~~,'A:rt: ?94 may be a~plied but .
· ~dversely opp~s·ed . modes . .of: '. termih~fifl"!{( _; ;\ · only: p.y a·nalogy .. tq:. set · a sp~cific . period -~hat
:!3mployment relatlons,:mthat the. pre.s.ence of)91l~-~-,··,,·J\ .emp.)oy~e~ may rem~1n._temporanly lard-o!f·.~r ma_
precludes ·th~t of the other (Alfaro_v, C~; G:R.
140812, · ~ugust 28; 2001 ). . . ·. .y/·
;~~!
..
1·,:./.:.'~!,/'':':!-!~n,g. s.~Ns - _(while ~us.mes~ o~rat1on_s are."
L, . :1 (';..'..:...,S.U.§~.~~~d.)}gronly a period 0!_~1~ (6) months (PHL
· ·. . -· . · . . , · . . ·, ·. ·::·?- . '~' ,l T~legraplf'-8./Telep_~one Qorporat,on_ys. N~R.C, G.
l.ntentlon to Resign . . . . · ... · (}'".:· . · /\::::fJ· R. No.-147~~~\April 15, 2005).
A.n ·e'!'~l?yee may be deeme? ~o havc)';.~§!ef!1~d.fr~91" /J., · .· . i lf \\ . . . · . · .. .. .
hrs_pos1tton wher:i·he ~.r9te ..a _Me_~,~-r.ld~~~~~Fll~. !:·~- :ARTICLJ:iF° ~01\ ,WHE~ .EMPLOYMENT NOT
. to the." employer· ys1ng. ·,n·c~.:;~,a~.Y. W.g>~~S:": anfl_ -r;\ 'DEEMEf;i _T~Rl\lll~ATE~· .
sarca.sbc:.. remarks ·_that nega,(e..,9e~1r.eT:--tQ:_1rr:ipro~e~,.!.;.J 1_.. BOIJB t,Jffe· su~penst(!)n of. the . op!,l_rat1on of a
. . .

relatior:is. Such:"resfgnati.on· l~~y-qe::;3"-g}.~~ted~tj.. ~, ,i . :5"qsJf.i.e°(~.:ToF;Y.]iaerlaki!'igfor · a · ·µ~riod not

rri_ade effe"ctive by_ \he rnar:iageg:ie_nt;:-aH~o ....ughi't¥1~ : I! j.
empl9ye~ did. n.ot mentron. :the w97~:t'.gt~ig~.;,~n.d/ jr · ·.CJ
''.r_esigm~Hon"." . Thi? !;lappeneo.. \JO~ tft~;1 ct\1j3f.. icL.,..,....:. .• duty,.· .
Jnvesti~ativ:e·report~r of the Philipp-ine\~:}~~lfle·sen!.~~)'.'/::.,:
. a: '.'Memorandum for File'.' tq the Cfja1rma117-0f;0-7J··"'--"Fleating-'S,atus
e?(~iessif)g hisifru.stratio1_1s and :diSE!P.Q"Rir:itmf,ht.s in·
{h~ office.(Philippfn~s_Tc;xJay tnc.;.v: fl!L.1'1~"'l._tf!3·:No,
112.965, ,J~nuary ~O, -1997). · ·· ·. · · ~mplqyee· l~s,s, for more th.an 6 months, he may be
·.
Con.s~(uctive Dismissal . . · · -·: .. ·, .. ·.... - . . . .
1. .There r'nay·.b~·co.r;istructiye di.smissal i( an 'acfof
· ' cle_a·r discrimination,· ins~r:isibill~,' or ,disdain ·\)y
an employer be.comessq._unbearib.le .ori the part·.
of ·the..,.eiriploy~~-- .th_at i"~ ··could,. _for~close any
choice by him· exc~pt to forego "tiis·contir]u"ed
etn'pldyment ·.·(Hyatt. ·.Taxi'. Servfce.s,.,. Int: ·.v..
Catinoy,:G.R~ No. ·1.f3?Q4, 'June 26, _2001). ·•. :· · ·.
. 2, O~p1otion ·.in.. ·~an_k/ctiminution;: :o.f. ·.pay ...; (2
. -AZUCENA, supr_a a't 1046). · .... :. . . .
· 3_. Flaa.ting stall.I.~'- of a :·s~curity_ 1guard,'. ~.uch. as
·responaent, "fo( more thc;\ri .6 months,cor.istitutes
tonstructive 'dismissal ·(Emeriius Security .and.
· MEJintenance Systems; Inc.' v. · Oaillg, · G.R. :No.·.
· .2°04761,
. April-2,
. 20"14)... .. ·. . :" . : . . '
·eX:~ee~nQ!~i-~!(6)rnonths; or : ..
.2_. · F~lfillm~.nt_by.the emp!oy~e of :a military.or civic -
. \.:
_df!,,;,p.,.. :;~·. :,: ·.
.
T~e, "flpating'status· of.;m emplciyee shoy!d_ last. 01;1Jy .
. for.~- reasonabl.~ time. Wh_en._th~floa~icig stat~~·of an
consfd.ered t9 !Ja.ve been: ~qnstro~tively- dismissed'
from· -.servfc·e.: ;Thu·s, "h_e· is -entitled to the
torrespondjng: be11efits 'for. :his·.· separation. (Aglo
Commercial :Security ·services .'Agency, toe: v.
NtRC;, G.R. Nos. 82823-"2.t/., ·July_:n_, "f989). : :·
' · ··· ·· · · ··
'. Note:· It is _manifestly _unfair ~i°nd· 1,1na~ceptable to_
immediately dee.tare the mere faps_e .of the 6-month · ·
period",'of ffoatii")g status as a···case of. ·constructive
disniJ~sal," without looking -''in.to:·.·,tt-ie .:·: peculiar ·
ci~cunist~nc.~s:th_at_res.urted in lhe s_~cur_i!Y 9_u~rd's_·_·.
· ·. fa11u~e to assume a11other pos~ (E~oc_et§ecuntyand. ,
: ·Allies·Services Corp. v: Serrano; G.R. No.. "198538,
Sef?teinb~r 2!}, 2014):. · ·' · · · ··. ··

. ../
,. .

·. ·.2019 SAN Bl;DA lAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS L 173

 LABOR ·RE·LATlONS .
.$AN'QEDA LAW "CENTRALfZEDBAR OPERATIONS.- MEµOFIYAID·"201~

.. Summary. of Requisites for causes, of 3 .. The employee.· concerned

. Termination ' . must be holding a-position of
trust and confidence;
4.. The loss · of . trust· and
confidence should not be
simulated; .
5. It should not be" used as. a
1. -e-: There must be ·mi~_condtict;. . · subterfuge for causes Which
2: The mlsconcuct must be of are improper, . illegal or
. -such' grave "and aggravated unjustified: and . ' .
· character; ' · · . 6. It rnusfbe genuine and not a
There must be showlnqthat mere: afterthought to justify
the.employeebecomes unfit · .an .earlier action taken ln bad
to- 'continue .·working fot. the ... fait~ (D. 0. /ifo. 147.~fs:.$ec.
: empioye~ (/;);o ... No.. 147-15,· 5_.2"(e)). .. · ·· · ·
· · sec.·{)d(~JJ. .- '. · ·

1.. There must .be . 'an ad- or

~ o'missJ<?n. . • ·. . . . . .
'\ punishabl~/prohibjted by law;
\pnd . .
) the· act or emission .. "'(as
~~GR-~mjtted by: the_ er:npl_oy~e
. · ai,:11r;ist the: ·· p~rson,_· _ . of
.....,,_.l'er.:iployer; any · -. immediate
)~i!:lm.ber.pf hi~/hlil_r,fan1i_l~.or
l'--:"""·JJ)s/her . · duly _. .authorlzed
'v tepresentative- -"'(/). 0,. · '. No.
.· ait47--.15,
. .sec. . s.2(f)J
. .. . c-, ·
j(There. must .be· act . or
,._'· ornlsslon · · simfrar - to : • those. .:
specified jtist·causes; and, ..
2. ·The act or omissiQri mustbe
.. -;yqluniary and/or willfuron the
of
. part: the .emplovees. (Dp.
. 1. there .· must · .ba .. an: ·. act, ·. No. -147-;15,. Sec. _q:2(g))-;· · ·' .'
: omission";or concealment; .
2, The · · ac,t,. ,· .omlsston ·. or ·
. : concealment . ·. -Joiiorve_s a. 1. Th'e.re.mus(~e iritto,tjuction6.f .
·· · breach of legal duty.. trust; or ·: . mac)Jfrieiy; .. equipm~r:it .. or
· -contldencejustlyreposed; . oth~(<;levices; .
3. Jt must be committed against · · 2: Tlie ."introduction must · :be
. . the . employer ·. or.tiis/her" <;lone. in°QQ6p. faith; ...
·3'. 'The purppse .··ror 'such
. . . representauve.. ~ . .
14; It- mustbe 1n connection witti ·:·-. introd.\.!.cJion· mu~(. be v~lid
·lhe employee's work· to.o, .··such, __ as '.·_to· sav!:¥. .on· cost,
· _:. f;Ji)_:· 147_::15,Sec. 5,2(d)). · ·: enhal"lce efficiency':and other
. · justifi~ble .economic r~asom~;. ·
1. There must; · be: an . act; 4. ihere·. is" no. other, option.
· ornlsslon orconcealment; ·available . tq :the.~ employer
2. The act, . . omlsslon · · or than; the .. introduction 'of
· · concealment j4stifies ,he [oss machjnery, .. equipr,:ie('lt or
of Irost and confidence; deyice an~ the conseque_nt

174-1 2019.SAN BED.A.LAW CENTRALJZED!::JAROPE~TIONS .

 LABO·R ·RELA rtons
SAN BWA_ LAW CENTRALIZED' BAR OPERAT./ONS - MEMO~Y)liD . .7019
111&1 ii&&
. termination Qf employment of
those affected therebyrand
5.. There must be fair and
· . reasonable, .critejia .. in.
selectinq employees to · be
.terminated (D: 6: No .. 14 7-15,
Sec. 5.'4(a)j.
.. '
1. There must be superfluous
positions or .. services. of
employees; . · . : ··5A(c)) ...
2.: Ttie·.positions or-services are
· . in · excess. -of .. ·· what ' is
·--reas.onab.ly. demanded by the ·
'actual .requlrements .of the.
. . . enterprise to' ope-rate. in .. an
economical 'and efficfent·
. rnanner: · .
3. There must be good faith in ·,
'. ·abolishing · : ·· '. redundant •·/0 .
. .poslflons: ,,., ·Y(.\.
. . -;.~(. ,. ... ,
4 . Th ere must .be . fa1r·,9~d,r, .. ;,~\-..
. .·Teasonable '. criteria ~\JirJ< .:. r;.:-~ .
.. . . .selectinq the' employee,,~ft9'_ :~.i\{1;,'. <·:
··: be termtnated-and · >t;.7 -1·:, i·:lll,. .....::..
5, There must. beju'l".'adequate .f~ . . .
. ...proof of r'edund.ati;y;such as',·"'::,.~
,. ~ . , ·" ..-I
-but. not limite~ •·;tqp.th~;Jiew'. ';~
.: $ta~ng .w5~frf.'·;e~t~rsi~ili_ty.! J1i .
·-stuq1estp/oposal' 'l:orr'. tht=l,. ·
· :· vi~~i(itY.fg;JhMJ~,cre~~-
pos1t1ons:~)Ob~,Et~c,op,t1ona.g~: ·:=
: the . appr~val .:~;J:iv . ,i.tiej--;· • ...
. manage·memtf1:..-' ot(.\ . 'tht; -::· rl~.I
. restru~turing xi:t?:.-~.JJ
_147-. · ',)::;;:.-
15, s~c., 5.~{b))1,i': , d';P~ ..~r:
... ,· . . . ,. .. ;_... 'J
1 .... J.~~ retre!"c.hrnen_tr~usJ be .'
· . reasonably .. necessary" and
likely to prevent · business . · .
. io$ses; .., • .' '. .:·. :. · .· .. · · ·
·~:· TtJ~ ·1os$~s •. ·.. j(·:- alre.ady ·
. inci.Jrted, are no.t rne~e_ly ~e . .
' . -· .r_'ilinimis, . 'but .. suostantial,
. serious, actual an.d' real, or. if
. ' . only ... expected; . . . are .
: : ..' reas6riably imminent; ·
3, ."tl'!e .. exp~cte.d .. 'or ·~ctu~i
.. '.losses: m:ust. !)e. l)'roved by
sufficient · . ~nd . · convfncing
., :·. ,,e.vidence; . · : .· .
4. Tfie retrerichmebt must·be in ..
· ·. 9.009 · .faitl:) · ... for· : · the
. ''!3dvaricement 'of. its. interest
and· ric;,f . tci.. defeat . or
. .. circumveat . th.e' empl0yees'
.
.•.
J·....
.
· : · right to. security ~of ,tenure;
· and
t:
;},
. ..
u
.
?-
' ,.
J .
·s. T her.e must· be fair and
0
· . reasonable . · criteria'. in
ascertaining .. who . would be
dismissed and who would be
retained :ar:nol!ntr . the
.. ~niplqyees, such ·as: 'status,
_l:lffjcie'ncy,.s_el'lior:ity,·physical
fitnes~.: age, · and ·tinanc_ia'I
ha"rdship·· for'certain workers
(O.o:.- No: 147.'-'15, Sec.'
· : ··
.1._,·rne~e. mu~t-be ·a ·decision' to ·
· · .. clos~ ·or ~ea~e.. operation of ·
Jhe . ente.rprise . by . the.
management; .
2:. .The decision was made. ifl
. good faith; and . .
_3: · .Tt)er7 is. l')O . ~ther option
· · available to· the employer
except .to close or·' cease .
operations (D.O. No. 147715, .
.sec:_5 ...4(d)). . : · · ·
1. The employee must · be
t ,· -: suffering ftom ·any disease;·
2. The . continued employtn.ent
. of the ernployee'is 'prohibited·
· by lay., or . prejudicial : to
··hi~/her health as-·.well as to-
·l 1·
< ;,,;:;:!·~ ·.. ,: ·the health' .of his/her co-
_ve·mP.loyees;.arid. . : .
3. Tliere ·must . be · c;.ettificatron
. by a··cqrnp.eterit·p'ublic-health
.a.utticirity · that 'the dlsease is
irwurable.. within ,a period of
-si:i(· (~) · -m_onths' even ·..with
. ... proper, .medical . treatment
'.' · (D.O. No. · 147-.15,·· Sec.-
. ·5.4{eJ): ·
1. Reasonable · and · lawful
·grounps~ specified ·. under .
· ·company policies; : · · ·
·2: An em.ployee fo~nd po$iti:ve· :. ·-
. for use of. d~r:igero,us drugs
shall . . be: . dealt . . with
. ·. adminil,tratively . ·..
.3:. SeXJJal l)ar~~sm~nt (seriou1;1
· : tnls.con.duct) ·· · · . · .: · ·
4.' -:niose providep..fQr under the
. CBA (D ..o::No. 14"7.-15; Sed.
. :·?); ·,-.
2019 SAN BEOA LAW CE.NTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS
' -
175
 LABOR RE.LA-TI.ONS
. SAf.f.E!cOA LAW Cl;':'fRALIZEO BAR dPERATIONS .~ t,,EMORY Atp 2019

. Article 302 of the Labor Code (R.A. No, f0757, Se_c.

.RETIREM.ENT FR.o'lV-[ THE . 2).
SERVICE·:.
Rule on Miniog'Empl(?y~es (R.A. No .. 10757) · .
. An'underqround or a surface. mining employee, upon
TITLE TWC>: RE:rlREMENT FROM SERVl~E reaching the aqe o(50 years or more butnot beyond
60 ye13rs (50-6.0)· is· declared the· compulsory
ARTICLE .~oz.:· RETIREMENT : . . · retirement ·age for.. both underqround and surface.
Retir.ement' is the resutt of abuaterat act of the _-min.eworkers (R.A. No.'·10757, Sec.?).
parties.. ·-~ 'voluntary agreement between . Ifie Surface mine workers shall inciude mill .plant
employerarid the employee whereby the la't~~r. af.ter·_ workers, electrical, mechanical,· and .tailinqs pond ·
· reachinq a certain age·,· agrees at-id/or. cohsenls to N .
sever his ernploymantwlth the former {f!rion, v. . P.erson:iel (R.A... 0· 10~57, Sec. 2), · .·. ·
Souih ·.-.pr.1 tlntan. ·Mission . of the .. seventlJ.· Day. · .· Ttie rule ls different with respect to. underground.
Adventist Church,·G.R. No. 135136;·May'19,.1.99_9) .. · .. · .· mining employees whose optional retirement age is:
• . . • .. • .v- ., • • • · • · 5().:60.provided they have atleast served for .a 'period ·
Article· 3o'2. appli~s to -all ~niploy_~_e~·'\r.i. ~h~ ,_i,ri~~te ·. ', · of 5 years (LABOR CODE; Art. 31)2, _as emended ·by
sect~r, f~~afdless. _o~ 'their ·pos1~~n•. des_1~1)~tlo~,. -, . R.A. No. 8558), . . ·
s!atus ~n~ 1rr~spect1ve of_the meth_o_d:b'Y,\_'\lhtc~,..t~~~~""·""'~~ · .. ·. . . . . .. . . . . ..
w~ge:' ~r~ pald.iexcept !hose specJf1~~11y ~~e~te_d_.. ~ 1. ,,oJnp,f!l~Q[Y~etireme~t :Age below ~O Allo~ed :'
.. However, Art_.. 302 does·n~t a!?ply to. (~~). p~ . ·y_J~ 902 .P.e~~semployer and employee. to.flx the
~. E~~toyees o! t~~- Nat_1~>n!=II ~ov.retn'1J:§fl'l:'1).:- .,its~----·"a---P1:>.JJ{~bt~,f~tir'e~e.'nt age· at below 60 years. 'f_he
· political subdiy1s1?i;is, inc)u.d1!),~~i.;-~~.1f..'.~t~_,..~,;,.~e·1s"l~~.i;;1J!fi:id'~~forceable so long .as the ~a~1eS'·
. · are covered by C1v11 _ s~.":'1q~~aw.~)?39 ,~~ - · ·dl:.- . agre~'tq l:>e:!J~Ve~p~ci by such <;;BA (PantrancoNprtf/
·. 2.. E¥mpl~ye~s...of :retail, se111~-~f)9I agfculturf.!j ·
, ·~stabh_Shll)ents . or:· w.pera~J;!s. · /e_gular:i'y
J: · JE.pt.es~.·/n'tJ.-.;tff;Nt.~C,:
• '19_96}:. t . ~/ ~ ·[{"'\ . .
GR. fl!o. 95940, .July 24., ·
· · · . . .
· ~employing ~ot. more tha~ 19, en;uoroye.~~~.JIRR of ·.. ~-,:.:...:...1 \\JI ..s , · . . ·
·
. the LAB9R. CODE, f?_oofr
·· ·. · · . ·
YJ;Rll~ ·J/,
· · tt .r--., ' : · · · · .. · ·-~/
-SK_. ~·.r.,~ ,.J;:·t~~sjgn·:of St'i\l1cd ~f Retlree · .
. ~UR"9n-th~ comp.y)l<~EY.'ifJi,tirE!me'ntof an employee or
·..
· ,. .
· ..
.
·

. Kin:ds_of.~etirement ~ch~iln,e~$.,:•~ .· ·.··· .. _'· ..·/~, t~~!Jlllf.;bfficial}jfp;,-t~e 1,lfilBTrcM or private sery.it..e, · !Jis.
,L Co_mpulsory_and con~r:1b~tc5l'\,jlq\~J:l~ k~':?.;:Semplof']le ) 1s .,~ter:!lfa.~.terminated. T~e· mat\?r <;>f .
j
~· One set up_ by·ag~ee_men,l pef1,e,~.,.tf\~;s!_fYe~!'r#~xte...~~~- f. ser)jc~~suchemployee. or offi91al rs
ahd the employees 1n-Cf\~r ot_f.~f~atl1~~~~ti~ ·l"" . ~~~ . _.~o .Ji~ :s9u~d discretiorr of me. e,:riployer
. between·. them (o.ther a~p.li~bl,e.mµ,~ym~t:_ I '?-- .. acufJj': Union),v._ Jy/,.RC;· _G.R. · ':"°..·_: 8988~,
: ·: contrac.t};,~l"!d · . · · . · . . \ . .'i..~ : ·.~l~~;:;J, cfy , ff 6, )990), :'·. !!' : · . : . : . ::.. ·., ·. :
3 .. On_e. mar ,s. voluntarrJy. 9!ve\,by_the ·.~P.!Qv.iitJ.t;'j:\~i.~
· . expressly as: in ~n ~nnounc~cl:fOf!l~J.!:~PSi]cy~·r,:ro;,e~rt:),o?,apphes
,~: : · :~l: · . . ·· . .
only to a s1tuat1on. ~here.:. . ,
. · ·. : .
. . or·. impli~cj,l_y: as in, _failt:1re.>to~o.p.t,~l~):-Jtfe'·•·••·••:r:•~~,;,,=ff{r~§'pef°C~.-'.\.ot'bther ~PP.l!,cabl.e em~lp'yment
·. Elf'!li:>l~'YEl.e's: .. claim tor: : ~.etirem~'r!~,_i!eQtfi.t~
· .. (~~rlact> v. ·Reute,:s-:L1m1te~, PHL.,. -(p_~....,J:i,&,,,, . ·- ,.;,,,.,-~e"!'1ployee; or.
Iv[p;;J. r10n_!rj1.clpr.~v1d1ng f()r rE:tire_me.n~ ·ben"'.f,ts for. an
. . . • . ..... . . .· .· · .
148(542, January:11,200!:;). ... · • ·· · ....,_....., 2 .. There is a...CBA-or ·other apphcable-~mpl9yment
· · ·: · , ... · · : . . ·~fltract·.proi[i~fng.,fcir retiremerj.f:15e.r:ie{its set by
fi9t·irernent_Ag e· ··.: . ·~·.·. - .. .
1 ·:, ·.·:. ··· ~·_1aW~(Qb(!s.anv!·fNB,'·G . R.'NQ: ~8}1.l,°fJ,.July2?1 ·
. The a:g~ of .retireme~t _is. that specifiep Jn. thE\. C.BA'or. ·. · · .. 201 O)_, · ·. · · :
in.. the employment·. con'tract (LABOR :·CQDE, · Art. · .· . , .•
3Q2).;. · · · · · .. , · · · · Benefit_s , .. ·. . . . . . . ..... · . .
· .· · A·_retiree is E!ntitle.d to a retirement pay equivalent to ·
at -least. Y:z month· salary for eve'ry·year· qt ·service, a .
fraction'pf .at·l~ast six (6) .months beir'ig ci;>n~id.~rl:ld
6()..l~ss'·tnan 65 . .Optibnal but the· empitiye_e·mu~t as"bl)e'(-1')
.. -: . whole,year.
. ..
. - · · · · ·
·. · .. . _liave· se.i:y~d atl~as.t'5 years·,·
.. · 65 . ·. cc;mipt.J).sory
~o.1. • · . Uri fa;
less th9'.p,,vtie; ·j,rov.ide .br~~der .inclu~iori~,.the.
.; .. _: ·term··.c.112) rri9~th salarf·sl:)all-r:nean 22.5 dc!Xs.per
· .(l_.:ABOR G0DE,.Art. $02). year of service,·.computed as follows:- . . . .-.
' . . .. :j. ·15' ~ays.plus (1/12) of th_e 131h .mon~h-pay~:and
·: "Retail· ser.,;irie· - ar)d agri.c~ltura! establishn1ents .or . . · 2. The cash~equiv'alent of ·nof more·than 5. days of
· .operation$ employing not more.·than fo employe~s service ·incentive leav~~ · (LAB.OR CODE, Art.·
or ·Wor~ers are exempted from the. . • coverage· of 302)_·-, .. ·. . . . . . .. ·. · .:: .
:·. ·} . . . . .· . .

176 2019 SAN B.EDA LAWCENTBA~l?Eo' BAR OPERATIONS

 ·":'·. .LABO.R RELAT.1o·Ns·
·t·t SAN BEOA-1.A'fV C£NTRALfZED.BAfl OPERATIONS - MEMOR)( A/0 2019··

,.~,r~-;·:~·.
~ · tJ&OUt'
. . . EiFFId 'ii4WR#4swt:"t41¥i ¥J&ii42ftKs4ttri:M#f &IM-H&MUt;.":

;;( Employe·es. who are not entitled to 1311> Mo.nth Pay to those ·specifically exempted (/RR o( R.A.. No.
l and Service Incentive Leave Pay while still .working 7641, Ru1e· 11! Sec. 2). .
;;. should riot be paid. the enttre "2·2.5 days" but their
i;O retirement pay should be computed ori ttre sole basis Exemption
of nls salary· (R&E Trerisport Inc. v. Latag, G.R No. The law does not cover employees of: ·
(· 155214, Febrtia,-Y13, 2004); · . 1. Retail, service and c)griculturar establishments ' ..
I(. . • . . or operations empioyiilg. hot . more . than. to..
K Note: ·:rh.e aforementioned case Involves a taxi employees: and · . · .
/}, driver- paid on · 'a "boundary- basis"; · however, for 2. Government and its _. political subdlvislons,
'?.' purposes o_f cJpplylng _the_ l_aw on Sil a.~ well as _on -ineludlnq, GOCC'.s, if they are cover~d·. by the
Ji: reti~en:ient,_ there ls a c;lifl'ereoc;e between drivers paid · Civil Service Law arrd ltsrequlatlons (/RR ofRA.
\,,-. under the "boundary system", and conductors who No. 7641, Rule-It, Sec. 2). · ·
t are paid. ~n commlsslon .basls.. . . · ~-
•t ~ · .· .. : · .· · · . -When to. Reti're: · . . .. ...
,_r.. •. The- serreno ¥.· Sevetino _Santos Transit . case 1. upon r~ach!ng 'the retirement ~ge established ii). :
·t. involved· a bus conductor paid. on, cemmlsslon 'basis · the-CBA or any other E.rri.ploymenf ~-q11tra~t (/RR ..
;;a -and 'the SC h.~ld )hat_ petitioO:er's., r!,!ti'fehlent pay . of RA.No." 7641, Ruie 11; S.ec. ·3.1-), .
'\'·. should includethe.cash equivalent of the 5-day SIL . . . .
{· and 1/12.of trie ·13!.;~montt, pay (Serrano v. se·1ter[no · Retirement Benefits - as. he -, may. have. earned
t.
->:...- ·.
Santos·rratjsif:..
• • · • . .
~:J:?,
N?,. 1B169fJ_~ Au~ust 9, 2010). ,.,_/~
, . / /)..
under · existing l~ws. an~ any CBA .and · other
agreements, provided that. .. . . .
. { ·p·obl,k: sch~! .t~achers hav"i~g ful~1!ed the ~ge)ihd'i_,.f~\ · a. It sb~II npt bE;l less._than those prescribed by
,f., ,~erv1e;e requir~n:,e~ts of the_appl1cable · r~tlrerp';:~f .• ·:,··-j\ ·. the Retir~ment Pa)'_ La_w;_and ·. . . . · .
/ laW:> shall .be. 9!Y.~J.l one. ra.n~~ ~al_ary, ~cJ1se up.91~;, , ·•;) b. · Jf. such .be.nefits·ijre.l.ess, _the em_ploye_r shall
-1;,. retirement, ~ich. shall. be :th_e ba~1s .- O~.jt~~- ·',:.u;,:-,,-:;1·.. ~--~·»it
differe_nc!3·between 'the .amount due·
'f CO[!lP_utation of.the· lump sum_of·the·retn:.el)J;,J;lt pay'<.)' r-r--:-~~Jlmi~n.·the. Retir~ment Pay_ Law 1:1.nd .t.ha_t
i and. ~t-Je month!Y bene~ts th_ereafter 467~1\.....U (,.~ff-)/~.:-
· . proyJg'~d under. the CBA or retire.m_~nt.plan
·:. Sec. ?6). , · . . . .))·h:, :'{ .. )~I~~. . (/1~~-\f·A.
('lo. 7641, Ru/~ II, Sec. 3.2~;
:. :- .Diff~ren~-e. b~.twe~n. Vol~ntary
Ret1rem.ent ').'. ·· ·. ·
1:.. · . /../'
,.,!-1:fPiJ~?,@:rft,ry·_ tz
. . ·,'f t......., · · ~:-s. (1 · give· en;{ploy~rs · ind employees a free '.hand to
i#'
Note:.__lt. al)ei_r j~tei:ition_a!:)d. spirit" ?t .the laW ~o

f . Voluntary. retir~~erit. ~ut~-:e~~!?,iri:i~rifj;!j~~ _le~~ing':'' - ,,.~~ dele[l;l?f9fl.,,-fl.ll~~~f~~-;ypon.theterm~ and· ccindi~qns.

'.\ _np residual.er:n_Pl6yer ha~1hty.t1~vo_lunfar.t_~~t1rerru=;D!;.. r:_J- of _retir($~m~,RH?f~duig .rn a_· CB}\ for ~o~puls~ry ·
~- amounts to _a. d!s_ct)atge, renci~~1_qgj(fj~,e,np)eyey ·. {.;1. retjremeritof-eniploye,e_s-after 25 years of.service is _-
f. ·!fable fd_t' termir1ation, withoot cau_s_er ~~P-!?Yf::~S -1: ,:rue· I
legal and ~nMrceable, sq_1ong as .th~: parti~s .agte~.le?
~. · int~nti~ th_e Jo<;~I ~o!n_t ofanalys1~. ~~ ,\ . _-.dJ · ·. . . J,:'~f9,.~:\9gt~_rrJed_ by ~uch· .CB~ .. (Pantr~n~~-.: North
. . . ·. . , ,. . . . \~ . ,,, -~"" ~ ; Expte-ss, &30. v. NlcRC, .G.R. No. 95940, July 24,
f In cfoter:~!ni~g. :such -intent:. _the f~.ii:Qe~.s.. 9,r(ij:l'er--.·-:--~-., . 1996/"'-: u-. · . . . . . . '· .
. , · proce~s.. :gover.nmg tt"!e. retirement. -~~c1s10/'J''wthe . .. · · . .. .
p;;:iyment- of s!jp1.:1ia~ed .ben~fits, a_nd the1?.t:r.~.~ce·of. . 4; Optional · req·uirement . - . in the·: abse·nce of
badges of .·intimidation or ,coer.dcin- ar~·:"f~leva_r:it retirement ·plan or CBA· regc;1rding· retirement,
pararneter~."_.:Jouevedo,. · .v.C ·. Bengae_t. ·_Eleqtric ·.. ·emfiJloyere'upori·reaching the age of 60 yi:3a'r~ or·.
~- CtxJperativ~ Inc., ·G:R. Np: ·168927., SiJptember rt;· . more b·ut'not 't:i_eyorid-~~ years a9d _has ~-~rved at· ·
:.~·. 2009).. -~~ .. . .. .. . - · ... : . ·. · . · le:ast 5 years 1h. tt}e -~~ud esta~l.1.srimE:nt ·(/~R of
.,
".
I•
· · · .·.-. · R.A. No.-7641; Rule II, Sec.'4.1):

( _·,·RETl~EME~;:PAir . Li*' . . 'Retirem~nt- Benefi"t~. ~ equiva_le'nt :·tq at· 1e.~~t'

month salaiy··fpr_eveiy year·ofservice; a f(aetion of .
i- :·,
_(R.ft. .• , ;N''O·.: 764_1, AME1".lDIN9': :· . at least 6 months be.Ing ~Orisider-ed- as-.6ne. whole·.
· .· Ai.lT.,,30_2. [~.87loF : :· ·. · yea"r:(JRR of R:A: N<>. ~641, Rule II, Se9, ·s.1).'.: . : . :
· · ... LABO~
.
cot~E}
. . . .. . . .
· ·· T..he term ,;%:m·o~~h ·safary" shall .co'mp'ose of:.. .
. a. 1 S- days· salary .based ·on_. .his latest· ~alary .:
ratei : ·' · · ·
Not~: Thi; ~~re. to.ok'ettect-c;m.J~nuar:y 7, ·:~ 993 (R.A:
. No.: 764CSec. w:: . : . , . . . . · . . . F6'r· employeeSi. paid by ·re-suits. arid 'do. not
Cove:rage· . . . . have· a . fixed monthly .rate, .. tti'e. b_asi!l· for
. All employees. in the· pfivat~ sector, 1egardless of determination of the salaiy for 15 days shall
. their p_ositlon, ~es.ignation: br status. and lrre~pective 'be ·1helr average ·daily salary (ADS);'
bf the method· by which their wa~es are, pa!d e?(c~pt

2019 SAN'BEDALAW_CENTAAUZ!;':D BAR OPERATIONS 177

 LABOR· RE-LATIO.NS.
· SAN ~EDA LAW CENTRALIZED 0AA OPERATIONS - MEl\'IORY AID 2019 ,

b.
a iW&G 4

The cash equivalent o.f not more than 5 days

$ bWSS}ZRNff Ni&AM
=
renrement p~licy or plan of the employer under
++ 884 +ii

· . of service incentive leave; . · ~c~ . .

.·. c. 2.5 days. representing (1/1.2) of the 1~1h GSIS __ retirement benefits apply to government
2.
· month-.pay (IR_R of R.A. No. 7641, Rule II, . employees only. . ,
· Sec. 5.2);.and · · 3. ·Th·e·coverage of the Pag-lBIG Fund -may tie
treated . as a
-substi~uie requlrement for the
Note: . Total of 22.5 days for -every year of · employee.withln the purview of the labor Code.
service (Ser,:ano v. Severino Senioe'Trensit, (CHAN, Reviewer on t,abor L:aw, :2016f · ·
G.R. N~. 18.76~8, Aagust 9, 201"tJ). . · · ·,. . · ·._., .
. Cc,n.trib1,1tory ·Retirement Plan . · . . . : ·
d .. All other benefits that' the, employer · and. B'olh theemployerand the employee contribute to a
·- . · . employee. 'may agr.ee· upon that should· be .. :retirement fund in accordance with ·a CBA or 'other
included in fhe . computation of ..the · · employment · ' contract, .. the · · ern"P.loye(s .· total
·. employee's retirement pay:(IRR-"of R.A.- No. contributlonthereto.shouldnot be lesJ than. the total
7641, Rule II, Sec. 5.2).· retirement :.b~neflts.. to ·w,:i°fch·.th~ _err)P.Joye~. would
. . . . ha\:(e been':' entitled -had there· 'baan no. such
(.
3. -Compulsory Requirernent > .. upon reaching" the . retlrementfund.. ··· . . . . . ... :·· : ...
·. aqeof 65 (JRR. of R.A. No. 7641, Rule II, Sec: · . · . . . .. · ·:. . .: . :. .
. 4.-2). . : ·: . ··: · . : . ~~-.-~~ID
·: case -· the employer's.contribution is:less th.an . . the
.· · . . :·
. Servic~ ~eq~·i.re!lle,:-it · . · • · :··~./'"
.«- lf
.ci_;. .
--n~
J· . . . . . ~ .
Tetu:,e~~ · .Qenefits· provided under the law, ~he
I\~ :/f!1P;l9yer~~~uld pay. the deficien_c~( . (/RR.
· The n:im1m·um _l~ng~~ of service ..of ~~5l,.y~~..;g~~me,Et ?a)(f_aw'.;R_ufe II, S~c .. 3,3): · ..
shall· include 'authorized absenc~(.and~)t~gpfiol)S, -,~VA'.\.~ : . · . · · . r: . .

· regu~r, holldays and n:iandatorytfeilfil~J!!~of"1]J,ilifar.y"'~rN~~~fi~~!Ji~.orx~etitement.Pla_ri · - ..

or_ ci~1c duty '(/RR of.R.A. No_. 7(}jl;f/JR'j_1EJl(l,
. . . . Ii "'",, rt ! .
~ec. 4Af./J° &" :
'~z's an\0XiS!jq~~n~.fi~under "Yhi<;:h. the emploY:er
L ffi~ ,.may. retrre ;1,.(riJJ?.ICW.ee; · regardless, of age, with
. compul~Ory, his sery1ces c~_Jf~~
Upon reti_remen_tof an emplo{;.;.:,w~efthero .ti~~~~

ext~nd~d _on_~ ~<;1se to ~s. l??1s1sfl.Jp9n_a€{reerfi~

COn\nUe?.__,~r . _-
' ·; .twent.y_ ~ears. ,·.
~~
'"Tq_5"t!f1 , _-
· r · · \i~ .'l ~
~~-1\· l'
t(l~\e·
(2 · AZU.CEN~, _supra . at

· .·
.
·
·
·
'
· .
of ·U:i¢. employer· and. emp .oy~g;..J.(,RR of ·E?-A- . lf!~\."wirnmriJ!-Pt~::Jni_e. _eqpploye~s .. have .: ?I vestE.ld ·and ·
764:1,-.f?'!_le If; ~e~. 4:3).. ~ J~-~ (:~~\
· !,; . . ~ d~'!!~'}P~~~ r_1g?t to :-~}pQr,-co,:,t~ou!ory ·retirement
: ·. ·.'·. · · · ·. , v, t,:rf') ~\ ."(~ ~ . ;: ' -~ 11 <£~Ja.n~:?fJle.;..7.mp!9ye~~ynot. unilaterally withdraw,
~et!reme_nt Pl,an_vl$-a-vis ~rtif.em·~.pt. P~y, )i.w · -~ 1~t,:~ij~ij)(~y ·or j.ctimini~1i· ·~ucb- .benefits · (Nestle
·"''f,JfjJJe,piijes_,tq~: v,•.N.~"C?;· G.R. No. _91431; February
_A .r~firementplan -in·~ _comijt3~f.P.a,~ake's-t.J:>f~~~-.1.
·rature of, a c~ntract, with .ttf~; e.n:iplo.Y...~r:. ·~9"'~~,...,...~f ). /. · .. _, ,. · · · · · · '· . · · .· · ,.
I

employee i;IS tfle·coritracting·-par,ties: R.A~o.Q.~1· E.·N· rFt ~ ·

? · · · · ' · ·· ,
0.nly applies ,in a ,situatior:i where:~~ _;r '""~..: ..._µ1 ;;;.,- ·i;,,:~.:S;'-...,/< :. . · · . · · · ·
1. There·is ·no.q~~ or other ~p·p)icai;~~ ..e~~Yfl"er'i_t--,e.-,="'~~t~f>~4~.E¥EN1:PREROGATIVE .•..
. . ..r;t~~;:rbi;d,~g.-.fo,~::t1re_ment;~:. IVIt~::' ,_::;-~ :. .- . . . . . . . . . . . ·. : . . .
2. There is-~ G~f\ _or ot~~r· ~ppli.ca~le eniplc;iyr,:ient~i_g~f E~p_fo~~rto Regulati:: -~1. ~~pe_cts of .. ·-.
, . . . - 9.ontra~t ·pr.ovic;lio~ for retirement b~nj3fits. for an .. Employm.~~~- · .. .-·_.·. -~. . . . . ... ,_ _. . : ... _-
.employee, .bµt:iUs belQw. the ·r~quiremerits· set. . .Unde_r .the ,Doctrine· of Manag_ement ::Prerogative;
fof by faW.. :• : . . : . . . . . . ." :. · every ernpfoyer ha°S the· inher~tlt Ti(jht to· reg.ulate;
··· · ·. . · · · · ·· . . . . a.ccording to his ·dw11 :di~.tretioo and- judgmerif;- all .
· Even.-if the com·pany do~s not inch.id~ ·:1.31h mon~hpay· · . . ·' aspects- :.'oL erriployi:ne.nt;: . incluc!i_ng. hlrj~g; ··. work"".
and. servjce ·incentive .feave .. as part:__o{ tf.ie salary assignmefi"ts; WQr~inQ. meth_od~\, the timer, pf ace Bild.
b~seJ R.,A. 76;41 dq~s not· apply where. the en:iployee ·. . · .1n·an11er" ·of .. wor~,:·· .work·. supervision, .. tr;:msfer of
. recei"ve·s·a' h.,1mp ~i;irn of ( 1 %) m_otitti's· pay per" year . . . · '· emptoyees, )ay.:off_.:of. workers •... and: C,lsd°plin~:
· . ofserviee; The corr,pa,ny a.lready grants to its retiring.· .clismfl:lsaf, and 1'~~11 of. empl9yees· (Pet;kson. vs.
. . ·, emP.loyee more than what the J<;1w··giyes which is· (Y:.j Robinsons Supermar/fet Corp.; G:R ..· Nd .. 198534,
.. man,~ ~~i~ry for. every year of .serviFe. (Ox.ales.:v: .. · · . .July-3;,20f3). ·, . . . . ... . . . .
. United f-abor.Ejtories,·_1ric., G.R. No. 1529f}1, Ju!fr21, · · ·· , ·
2008). · ·· · · · _The ~mployer t:ias. the rightto:- (Cost-PR)".· · ..
." 1. ~nduct bui:;iiless;~elect"ancl, hire· ~mployees; -
~eti_r.e~ei\l ·pay und~r· the.\L,~b-ot · Cod~ . vs. . 2. J/ansfer oi dis.charge employses; . . ., . ·
~etiremenf Pay un<Jedhe GSIS, sss,· and PAG- -... 3. frescribe rules; and · .··. · · ·
.a G · · ... · . , ·· · 4._ Return of inve&tmeiit ana expansion of t:iusine~
. -~.I. SSS·. Retir.ernenf Pay is ·;eparate and· distinct · . · (1 AZUCENA;sµpra. at 28~30)::·
· .from the retirement pay under the Labor Code, - ~ . . . . ·.. . ·· ...
' ..

. 17~ 2019 SAN SEDA LAW.CE~TRA.LIZED.BAR bPERATIONS

 - LAeo·R:R.ELATIONS·
· SA!' BEC!A·LAW'~ENTRAllZEDBAR OP£RAJJONS- (>1EMORY.AID :1019 .
tll -i fkt&i+
'" . 49 g' SM ; MPFf

v. PH Luen . Thai Holdlngsm Go~p., . G:R. ('lo.

LIMiTATIONS .. ·oN THE EXERCISE OF _174893, July 11, 2012). The .only criterion. to .
MANAGEMENT" PREROGATIVES · , · guide . the · exercise of. its . rnanaqernent .
Limitations imposed by: (LECl;G) · prerogative to discipline or dismiss· erring
1. b,;iW; . . . . ... employees 'is that·. the policles.. rules : and . ·
2. grnploytnent contract; •, · regulations. on work-related · activities of _the
3. · £ollective. bargain(ng agreements (CSA); . employees must always be {alr.and.'reasonable
4. .§mj:>loyer policyor practicerand ·. 'and- the correspondrnq penalties, when
5. · Qe'neral · principles of fair· play · and : justice . prescribed; should 'be commensurate to the
(Mora/esv, Harbour CentrePort Termlriet, tnc., offense involved and. · to the· d~gree of the-
G.R. N6. 174208, Jenuery ~5;:2012f · . . infraction· (vtseyen ·Electric . Company
· E,;nployees · !)nioQ-Al:.U-TUCP. v, -, :Visayan-
It iS·S~bject to' pc;,iice po",,v,er ,(Fa.rrol v.:CA; GR. Nb. : Eilec!fic-Comoeny, lnc., G:~.:No. 205575, July
133~59, 'February'10, 2000). : ·. · · . 22,·?015) ...... ·. . .
·; - -.:·:-·
· its exercise should be without abuse ·of dlscretion 2 · Rig hf to Dismiss.: .. .. .
. (Pan.trarico North ,Express, :fnc.. v, NLR(J;,. ·G.R.· No: . The tight of- the 'employer to dismiss its. erring .
106516; September Z1, ·1999).· .: -, : ·.. · ··· · ernplevees: ls- -a. 'measure. of self-protection
. . . . ._ . . . , : (Mau/av.Xia;rex pelivery (=xpress, Inc., G.R'. No .
. lt-shoutd be done- in: good faith and with· due:·regwd~~) · 207838,~· Jan.uary _25, . '2017). The Jaw, · in
.. Jo the ~ights· oftabor (Unicorn SafetY, G.lass, /nc:1Y:.,~J!~1 · protectlnq the rights-·of the laborer, authorizes
· 'Beserte. 'GR.·No. 154689, Noliemb.er·25(2004).i,:,;•1(,f-\:i;) .. neither oppression norselt-destructlcn of the
. · ·.· .. . ·:. · . '·: · l· \.\::!~ .... ~ i.,·) .
employer, While the constitution is 'committed to·
· EXA~ PLES OF ~Af'(AGEMENT Rl~HTSY: · ~l /"; ·:~,, 11.T:.--~he poligx of social justice and the protection· of
1. ·:- Dis'cipline; . . ·. . , . - ', ~ c··l~'l:,.,\~;.W:.!:"th~~~.tkirn,g class, it should not.be supposed that
2. .:YJl. ··
.,· Transfer Employees;
3. .Impose: Productivity Standard;
4. ~rant .Bbnuse~;·
>.
·. · ·:
J •• • ,.ref..-·.
{,;--"
'>:,.-1.._ ((. .
·,Ar-·,l
.r>~~~~..
~~~ry·la1?:9f aispute will b~ ·a~tornatically decide_d
·
ir-!'favor;tdJ\ia~.or. Managem1;1nt a_lso has its own
rigl=lts f"'~ftt;
~s· such, are ~r:ititled to respect and
.
'
i

I
·f
.,.
5. ~h;3nge Working.Hours;
;· . . 6: lmpo.se Ruies on Mar.riager,a.iid.,...· ·
7. Pos't-.Employment. Bao
~.-.··. . . . . ; . ·. .
(CJ4AJY,
, .. - ''(ti-:·
.

~~4"'i
;-~~J'.~~;:f·. ·.. ' ri
\(~v., : ·~ · ·
S~P"IJ!.ts:381)>·.~.\·
H
r:·,.
t.z...;.,,. · '. t:;;.. .,
.enfor~~rit~m ..the interest of sln:iple fail} play:
· Out ~fitsY,con~emfor:' those with less privilege in
lif.,:!(the s;LIE~~
Co.urt_has. inclined.more often
~-~f.Pt.;W.Wi3.f~
the worker and 1.,1phelq · his
I
I

!t·
DlSCl~LINE. . . ·. . · ·~\-..~. :#%?~~;,: ..A;{J '. ~ 1·j C?US~~eonflic_ts with '.h~ .etJ:iployer .. ~uch .
[ The :nght or. preroga_ti.ve to d1sc1plin~cov1rr~ t~e. · .. il . · f<:1vorit1sm, however;.has not blin_d~d the Court to.
folk>""!ng: (DDf P_I_)'. . · .. · \~ .. '1) · · _:·. !~b~-ttile t~at justice .. i~.: ln.·ev~ry cas?, ·fo.r the

I
· 1. · Right to ..Qrsc1phne; .. . ~!JJ'· · ·.J.:.,./!,,~~,>li.~es~rvmg, .to be d1sp~nsed·m the light. of Jhe
· · .. '2. Right to .Qismiss;. .... •. , .. -~:ir' ·, · r.'<;.;F~..::.:.!;.~es-1ab~hed · facts·, and' applicable law.·:and ·
,. ~.: Hight to.' dete.rajirie Who .tp ,eunish;\it ~ .'/ '(<I • · doctrine · (Reyes .: .V. : Glaucoma Research
_4. ~ RtQht to fro_mulga.te tu!~ and r~u't~.!l~tand .' Founcjat~on, l[lt:, 'GR.. No .. · 1'89255, .. Jtme. 1 T:
*i~.. ·
. '
5. .Righ_t to !f'!lpose:_,p~_nalfy (CHAN,-supra -at 2{32:.
28-3) . . . ,v : , . . . .
· 2015). , . : ..
, •• • ' . ' ') • • '. • • ' > ' • . ·!~ case .~f·c;o~ffict!;i'.ar.i~in'g·.b~~e~il em.ployer's
( .. 1 .... ~!ght to· [?iscipl,irie:· . :· '·. , . . . : ./ . . .management prerogative :and · the em'pl9yees' .
f. · G1v~s empl(?Y.ers ~the 'freedonf .to · regulate, 'right .to
·security of.
tenure', the··. lattEir takes ..
r . ~ccording :to:ttfe)r..discr~tion and b.est judgment, ~recederce. . '· . .
alf.. ~.:$pects:· of .e·mployment,: :.. in.qluding.' .wbrk.
assigqment, "'fOrkiog mefho.c;ls; prqcesses· to ,b,13. .. An:employer's manageme.nt _prerogative i(,IC[Udes
.. .followed,·. working·.: regulations · transfer·· -e>f . the· right ~o termi,:i~te:the.sei:vice.s of.the employee;
·:: employees, wor~· supervision, ·1~y-'off Qf worki:irs:, but"'this maric!geme:nt J?r~rogativeJS' 'liJ"!liled by'the
a.ncl· the' · .di'scipline; . dismi~$a·I and·: reqall ·· of - Labor .Code which provide~. ttiat'the .emplpyer._can
workers.. -In · geh~ral, . rnanagen:,.ent_ : ~as. the . ._ ·. · · terminate an employee only 'to~
a Jt,J~tcause or·wMn
prerqgative to :cliscipl!ne. its E!IJ1Ptriyees and. ~o . - . authorized by law: This lir:nitation is bec·ause no'less
·. ·fmpose·appfopriatE:rpenalties·on erring, workers· . · than the Co_nstitu'tjon recog·nizes. a.nd· guarant~es .
... .': pijrsuarit ,tq. .COfJ'lpahy,. ri;,les; and' .regul~tions. · :employee's right .to. s.e.curity. of' tenure (J,ABOR ·
.(Qele~. J,:. y. NLRG, ..G.R. No.)21348, .Ma:ch9,.. ·. ·cof)E, Art. 294;·CONST,Art. XIII, Sec.·3): . . ·
·. · ·4000).. ·: . . . . ·.,· , · ·,·,-
3. ··Right to·.D.etermlne. Who:_to Puni~h.
- . The .1;1rnplciyet .can.not .be compell~d to 'reta!n an The employer has .'reasonable · !atitude. in
.. e~ployee Whose c·ontinuect· employment would.' . determining .who,. a'mcing' its . err!ng ...officers or
be' patently inimical to its'interest (Reye.s,-Ra.ye/ ~mplo9ees
' . . should.-be
. .
pllnished,'·
. and to what

,. 2019 SAN BEDA LAW C~NTRAUZED BAR .OPERATIONS j. 179

c
 SAN~~t~2~~E~A~~~1-'~2N,~a19. .
t SI ,We . MSMI &@3Mtdai MiiSAM4<Wl&ki, & r&A&S!fii&R,4MiM9AiiJ!IW .

extent (Soriano· v.· NLRC,.. G.R. No. .75510, • prescribed therein. This is dictated by logic,
October 27, · 1987). · otherwise, the. rules, literally applied, would result in ·
absurdity; :grave offenses (e.g .• rape) wo'i.ild be
4. Right .to · P.rescribe.. Company . Rules . and penalized · by mere suspension, .thls,' despite the
Regulations . · . . . . ·heavier- penalty provided therefor by the labor Code
.The preroqatlve of-. an: empl9y~r to prescribe . or. otherwise dictated by .-c.ommon sense (Stanford
reasonable rules and regulations necessary or Microsystems,. Irie. v: 'NLRC; G.R. No.' L-741'87,
... proper· forfhe conduct" ·of its ". business 'and to· Jam1ary 28,.. 1988):. .. · · ·
.provlde certain aiscipfinary measures in order to
. implement 'said· rules and' to "assure that the or EMPLOYEES:
TRANSFER
. 'same wot.ii~ .. be complied .wit)l . has . been: It is a manaqement prerogative totranster or assiqn
. , recognized in·this-i1;1r:isd1~·tia~.,(si:tuke's M~dica! employees from' one office· or area of operation Jo
. Center, 'tno. . V, SfJr'lcti,ez, G:S. No. ·. 212054, ..another,' provided there is no.demotlon .in rank'. or
.. Mar~h 11, 20~5)-." .dimlnution of salary.ibeneflts, 'and 'ether privileges,.
· · .. and the actlon is not motivated . by· dlscrirnutatton,
5:. . Right to. Impose..Penally . ·.. . .. .· . . , ·. made ~ in . : bad .. faith, or effected. · as·: a. form . of ..
··n1e:employer- may la\Nfully impose appropriate punisbment ot demotion without sufficient' cause.
: . · penalties · on erring ·.w~rkers,. pursuant to its . Should the employer.fail to overcome this burden ·of ·
· · : ·. . · company rules ·and reg·u1ation.s. and· subject !.9.-:~--;;:.:P!90f,the employee's transfer .shall be tantamount
· the "proportioneiityrule" (Pfril[ppine.Ai1iJl-e~fnc.1f
.· v. NLRG,·G:_R, No--11.578~, Augos_JA[?Oq~.;., · t_.
J
·t~ ~sJ_ru~tive_ dismjssal (Ph_arma'Cia. and .Upjohq,
_fltJ.c[vt/'A7£5aY.._ff,_a;Jr., .G.R. No.· 1.!2724, August 23,
.·, · .. , •. . . . ,,;11:..<_·~ ,£. .,.._ __:v--~010[ .f .,.)''~ ·. <·

. -Proportlorrality Rule·· · ·, f.(· '\),~~,,__.,= . · --~~~ :~<;,· .. : · · '. · . .·

. Infractions committed by an ell}J::ldyef ,s/~~l~,,iner1t-"'~r-aa~~~~~nsiipovementfrom one positi.on to
· .only'the corresp0I:Jding sa_ncti,lf)i)_Cg~TJf-fdef' by t~~ ;f · ·aP.Othe~_r, f eqy~v.~111i~/ank,.lever or salar}Y, without a
ci~cum~tance~: Ttie penalty rr,i'u'st~~·;P..mi'n~.nsuraf~.. 1!\ ':~teak in: he._~~,ryice..(G!ec~-Co/a $ottler_sPhilippines,
. wit~ t~e. ~r.av1ty of the.. of(eAre,.th~.f.ct ... ~~-~~ct..or· ~t~,.;.lnc,v.. p I Villa\ @Jf?°JNp,1o3091;bctober 6, 2010).
o.m1Ss1on .. 1mputed to the·~n;{p~~el!and·,~pos(;l,. '!1 I[ -·· !I : · \ ~\\ .'_ . , '
... conn~ctii::>n'witt, the'~mp_loyf-:s:e:li$wplinary~autn'~'9'";:!I (t:z..,.he'-'prer.ogative:lt\J' tran)ter is, broad to inclu~e the·
.. ·(Manila 'Memoria! P/;lrk Ce/p~J.w:tk!nc. v,:::'fanal1~~~(')flowin/.,;_E._r~rog.?tive!j Jihat involv:e ·m'ovement~ 9!°··
.G.R. No. 167118;· June 15, ~60~)-.: ~ · (Ji\ , '. :;::1--·~ r,ersonr,r,1:;,.wPo, J # · ·, ·. . · ·.
' . . ·: , ~· · . ~\\ . ~(\ ·,,·. · · ~~aj ·~roga'ti.ve-::-.;'to .·:Reorganize; (Tinio- .v. ·
. .-Note: Th~ rriatt~r of imp~fiJ~J f~e. ·a~~~~iat · .t';/j,7 /,1,'_,4!}.<?m"!lihi'pa(iq~s, · Inc., G.R.' Na;· 171764,
pehalty dep~nds on· tt:ie. e.mployer.'\tt,is ~€fffa~l_. '~~'(JUA!J_,/f.-·.2f?07)iJ' · ·. ·: .'. - ·. · ·
. wit!}_in .th~·.em'ployer's. t?-rer?.g~t)~e:.to·ir'hgos~~·e-..,.,-.., .. ~~ pr~,r;ogative;f to· . r_romotl::· • JPhilipJ:5ii"ie
erring -employee wJ1at 1t cons1d.er,ed.the aR_RmP.n§l~~\j~ ;]~legraph,,f/ Telephone.C,0rporat1on,v~. ·CA,
penalty , u~dei: the circlimsfahce\q,urs~~if;~..:!.:.!,...::;'-"'"~~ ..tP,·.,,yp; 1.52057;. .September 29; 2003);.
c.ompany ·rule? ·and reg~latio_ns ·{€-tJil'l[!(}lp'il~--~-\i~~;.;.',P'.·· · ·:: ·.. · .· · · .. · · ·
Corporatiof?V,_Borromeo,G:RNq: 1565:1,t~o~'i_ber :l II.. A~c~\~sefog~ti~~-:· }o .. Qemote · (P.e~rophi/ ·
· . 1.9, 2004). · · ,·~'""'=<:.:.---- . 1-V.l}°?'-·~:.:Corpor.at,onvs. NLRC,. G. ~.(,[VQ. ·-L:~64048,
.: · ' . · · · -~--,.._~ · ·· AlfgllsJ29, .:1~_86).. . , : .'·
. Th~ .employer· has the. ·right: to, impose· ii. ·heavi~ff ,,,., --.
pen~lty·~an thal prescri~ecf in. the corripany .. rul~s.. Not~: The execcise.oi th.e prereiga~i~e to t~ansfer·or.
an~ · re.gu!atioAs._. if circumstar.ices "' wi;irrant t}le • ~~~}gn .: em ploye'Eis . fr~m oi,~..' off)c-e .or ·. area . of
imposition ther~of. 'The -fc:lct that 'the offelise .was · : . operation· to· ar.iother. is· valid provided ·t)l·ere is no
committed for the-firsftir'r\e.or has not resulted-fr, any .. demotion in:rank or dirninutlbn'of's~lary, benefits and
.'prejudi~e to' the com.pany· was h¢1d not· tq be a "'.alid . . . . . other- privileges ... The.'· transfer . should <not . be
'ex~us.e'.. No·employ~r may rationally be expected.to· . . . r.notivated l;>y disc.rit11lriatlon ..9r made ir:, ·,baq:faith.or
· cc;>r-1tinua .iii e,riP.loyme.nt a. P.er~on who~e·.1ack of effecteq as._a· form·;of punishment .. or :dem.otion.
·rnorals, l'e$pe.ct,~nd·1oyalty. to' hi~ ~mployer, rega_rd. · · . without s·ufflci~nka.u~e·(Ph~rtnacTct.?uJcfUpjohn;· 1nc.
for hi~ err)ploy_ei:'~· r~les, .. 'and,appteciation of the. .v. Albayda,.Jr., G.R.-No. 172.724,.August 23, 2010).
dignity 'and responsibility of his office, ha~..so. p!ainly . . . : .. .. . - ·. .
·and· completely been ·barred. C.ornpany r.ules. ar.id · ·ComnJiti"r)ent · made ·:by the ·employee · iA · the·
r-e'gu)atiQOS'Ca'nnot Qperate to altqgeth~i""negate _th~ ·. employment co,ntract to.be··re-.assigned anywhere in ·
employer's prerogative · and' responsibility to . the Phjlippines is binding on him (Pharmacia and'
d~termine and· .declare ·whether or ·not facts not . Upjotin1. fnc. v.· (',lbayda,. Jr., G.R: No.. '172,724,.
~xplic.itly set' out \ri tt:ie rules' ml:iy·_and;:_do c9nstitl,Jte . August 23, 2010). ·
such 'serious miscondi,Jct as:-to.justify the dismis~I·.
of· _the employee ·or the ··rmP,ositio.n of sanctions·
. :heavier· 'lhan .-those s~e'Ciflc'ally :and. expressly· ..

. 180 I 2019 SAN.BEDA'LAW CENTRALIZED BAR O~ERATIONS ·

 ·-1
;,

J(-. LABO·R R·ELATI.ONS

'J~. 'SAt:J BEDA LAW CENTRAl)ZE.DBAR OPERATIONS- MEMQ.RY:AID 2019
j~. . . '
t;: Some Instances Where Refusal to Transfer Is Prerogative to.Demote
f :valid .. Demotion involves a situation where an employee
{ .: 1.· Refusal to transfer to overseas assignment; . is . reregated to a subordinate . or less. important
; (Allied B.anking Corporation vs. CA, G. R. No. position constltutinq a 'reduction to a lower' grade or
.:{ · ·144412, November 18; 2003); and· rank with a corresponding 'decrease in duties and·
li; 2. Refusal to .. transfer consequent .fo promotion . .responslblntles 'and . us1,1ally .- accompanied by '. a
(Dosch v, NL'RC; G.R. No. L-51182 - Juiy 5, decrease in
salar'~r(9oca-Cola Bottlers PHL, Inc. v,
·: 1983).-. Del Villar, G.R. N6 .. 163091, October. 6, 2010) .

Prerogatiye ·to.~~~rg.anize . . Instances.Where Demotio'n E:Xists:· .f

lmplemenfation c5f a °)pb evaluatioi) ·program or a : 1-. When there-ls a reduction in position and· rank or ,
diminution . in . salary; (PH Wireless, Inc.
·r · .
t reorganization is, valid for c:!:s long_~$· ii is _notconfrary.
to . law, · morals or .. public.· policy. (Hongkong and
Shanghai B~nkin'g CCorporation Employees .Union v.
.. (Pock13fb(!II) v. NLR<;;. G.R. No:'112963, July 20;
199.9) . . . . ·'
·rvLRC, G.R. No:• 125038, NovelJ')ber 6, 1997)and it. 2. Transfer.from a highly technical position to' one
is carried out in go"od faith (SCA Hygiene Product::;, r_equiring mechanical work; and
.Qorp, Employees P.,ssoc.-FFW_ 'v. SCA Hygiene · ·3. Chang_~ ii') workplace (ex: 'trenster from· the

{· .
Pr9ducts Corp., G,.R. No. 182877, Aug'!st 9, 2010). -laboratory. to the veqetetite processinq section),
;(Blufi Dairy corp; v, NLRC, G.R_. NQ. L-129843,
Preroqatlvs -to Promote . . . · . . . . ·. ~.:;:.). · · S~ptember.. f4, 1999).
f Promotion- 1S' the advancement from one pos1t109~t6':..:,:,lt . .
another . -involving> increase · in '. duties /anc(/~''\, Instances of V~l!cl Demotion:
. ·· ,

I
t, responsibi!iiie_s as a~thorized. by l_aw)in~. usy~ur:.: :~;'.~ · 1. · Fai!l!~e to obS'?JV~ proper ~_iligence in his work
; accompanied by anincrease. in. ·?or:ipensc1t1on 'a~~11 .. ,,./_,,.,.:-:i~nd ·!n~~i;re~ h~b1t~al _tar?mess and absence~
. . :/1
benefits .(Coca-Cola Bottlers Pht/Jppme.s. ln<;,:r:yf.'Df!l" ~,.;.;.d:.,,:_..,~t!?t).~tfple.n.~.ein. his assigned work_ (Petroph1I
. Villar, G.R. Nd. 163Q91,. 0ctober 6, ·201JJ)<:Y >": .; . ·
.Corpora(J~n v. NLRC, G.R. No. L-6404?, August
'. . . , .. /'/,;., ./t-'1 . · 29, 19B,6X~n(;I · . · .. · ·.
i:) Transfer v, Pronwtio~J.2>t( ·J;Y"°(\ 2. ·Fa!lur'~1(t# -~fmply. with productivity standards
f:: · ,~\ ·k~~~rdff v./JLRC, G.R. No: 125303, June 1.6,.

(<t' .. ' Transfer involves· iateral

movement from. one
Prci~;19g.,:;~~?tes<./~. ::~ .
seal~_ asC~Qt);Of '\1.t\ .'. u!
PRoe4-c-~rJ1n-r;+.-:4:NOAR6 . . " . ; .
. "-.... ·~*~"~,;,:,.,:,,' · · ·, . · .
r.; ·position ·to.· a_nothElf .of office· ·.r;~~i:D-~!oyeelq •. _.: !.'.,J The. en,,plo~fias the. p.rerqga!1ve to prescribe the
f.· • l nt I I k anoth~e·r,r.ie.siit'ion·-~+.. ·,gher" .. ~;/ sJanda.rds. of product1_v1ty wh.1ch the employees
,. eqwva. e ev.e , ran. or . . ,~, . 'fil' "· . , ., b Id - I'· -Th · d r ·t r d d b
? salary·· .(Mi/lar(~s. v. either.in r~nk or saJary ·. - r~:~·~'-if.·,·.?P campy ... e pro. uc 1v1 Y s an ar s may e
;, s b ·ct GR No L- . . _1')_'::..-f;.:::. A~'':\ usethbyJheemploy.er as: . . . · . .
ri_. ·, · U I o, . ·' ' . .. . . .J{·.y · . ,,(?:.,,.~.f.'.!:$~1i!lif'l'A'.i:jf-i~htiv·e scheme· and/or·. .. .. . .
;
f· . 23281, August
1967J:
10-'
·' : . . ·. ~\y,.;'[t~d .
.,,. /'' ~ ·
2'. ·· · • ·
A··qi_sciplinaiy~cheme.(CHAN. supra-at390) ..
·

i· :-(2.AZUCENA,-SIJpra at 8~:J);.- ,, •......--_, ·. As ;iJn incentive scheme, E1mplclyee~-. ~ho surpass

[i_ · the p~oductiYity,standards or-quota ate'usually. given
{ · Right to R~fuse ..~romoti.on .
. There ··is AQ. law which compels :an employee to ·.
. . '.·' additional.benefits.(ld.)... · · ·

accep~ a ·pr9motion. pror.notion is in '•the nature of a· As · a disciplinary schEime; employe°es may be.
gift or: reward .. Any per.s.ori nii:,1y refuse.to accept a gift . : . sa·nctioned' or dismissed for failure to meet the
. _: or reward. Such refusal to be
promoted _is a 'valid' .· productivity standar,ps or.:quq.ta (Id.).. ·
. ex,ercis'l;l· of -such right. 81_1~. he cannot 'be. punished.
tt,er,efor (Erasm.o \v. f-fome · fnsuran-ce :&, Guaranty . Note: In ·appropriate cases;, the DOLE i.rit_ervenes,
, Corporation,
' . - .
G.B_. No.;13945,1,
. . ......::... . August.29,
.
2002).
.. · mo,tu proprio ot upon the_ friiti.atlve .of any interested
· partY., :to ·_establish. productivity standa~ds (CHl!,N,
Not~: An ·employee cannot he .pio.~oted, eve,n ·ir· - · · supra··at 392)-. ·
a
merely ~s.a result of transfer; without his.consent.. . ··. .. . .
· A. transfer that result~- in .prorriqtjon or demotion, . . : ·. : ~tanaard Outp~t Rates O"r Piece Rates .
advancement or reduclio'n or a transfer that aims·to . The standard _output . rates or piece. rates sl)aU be
lure the employee away.from .his permanen~ position'. determined through any of _the following procedures:
cannot. be· done -:with9ut his consent (PH Telegraph . .1. Time and-motion studies; . .
&.: Telephone Co_rp. · .v. QA, _G.R No. 152057, 2-.· · An individual/collective agreement between the
Septe_rry.ber29, 2003)_. . ei:nployer · and its worker$. as approved hy the
DOLE Secretary. or· his ·.. authorized
·representative~· or

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LABOR-~E-LATION.S
SAfi/ BED.4. LAWCENTRALIZE,QBAR OPERATIONS- MEMOkuJ0-2019
-· . 1tMP¥Wiii... .fHMMliHMFSIPIM& 4 cawanzng· ,•
3. Consultation wjtl:i representatives pf employers'. . Note: The. employer shall basically prescribe the
and· workers' orqanizations , in a ..tripartite output rates in work paid by results. He. may
conference called by the DOLE. Secre,tary(Id.). prescribe it himself or secure first the prior approval
of the DOLE (Id.).. .
Time and Motion .Studies
The: time and' motion study. is the more scientific and If the. output rates are prescribed solely by the
preferred method.The basis for the establishment of employer and the. same do not conforrn with. the
rates for 'plece, output or' contract. work· is· -the standards prescribed-under the lmplementinq rules,
performance of an ordinary worker of minimum skill .or ' with· the rates· prescribed by the DOLE in · an·
oi'·
ability (/RR of the Labor Code, Book Ill, Rule VII-· approprtate order, the ·employees are entitled to th.e..
A, Section.5(b)). . . ' dlfference+between 'the -amcuntwhlctr they. are
entitled to. 'receive under such prescribed standards ·
An ordlnary worker of. minlrnum' sk'ii1.or atii.litY. is the . or rates 'and that actually paid . to them · by t('le
· · averaqe worker :ot,; the towest' producing, group . ~mpl~}_'er flRR of the Lebor Code, Book' l~f,. Rul_e VII-,
· representing. 50.%.,c;>f tr.i.e total number 'of employees -~· Sec. 5(d)): . · .
. enqaqed in 'sirtiilar employment in .a· ··particul;u . '
. establishment, excludinq learners, .apprentices .and- Moreover,. if ..by multiplying the rate. per. pleee as
handicapped workers employed therein (/RR of the determined by the employer-without the.app~ov~I ?f
. l.ebor Code Book III Rule.Vll:A· Sec. -S(c)). . -=--- t~e DOLE and the actual output of th~: vyorke~ paid
• ,.;,-r-::="'~-. --. --:py,,r.e.~w_ts,the amount a,r:rlvep at conforms .wrth or
• ' • ' '. r , .

In the .case of homeworkers, .th~ ti~epa_i{a'rj!otion

.studles should be undertakerrby the l:JO.l"l='JR~giori,...a.1:r-:~~r~~r
U· l~rfee,f}s~.f.'Q~.sta1_ytc:i_ry minimu_m wag~, (hen sue~
.sb"o~r~ece_1ve such higher a~.~unt... But 1f
.: Ottis~ having jurisdiction _ovel\ t~~t!PO _ef?·~the · · afte~'-~~';!CJ:r90l\'-ij.4!~tron, ~h~.-~mount arrived a_t 1~_ress
· premises , !JSed. r-egular.ly by ~e, ~OP,l/~i:Js.~r/~"4:~~Jt_ 11'1~·-~~t~Nt~~ mm~rnu~ wage,_. then, t_he

likewise performed. by regularlactor~~ork!r~at ttle ~!~. ~Isure t~ -.twf!J~f

:However! where the job operay1:>~j~f'l~ity;.isbeir.i~· ."'1f' J,rnployr· 0~1-~,.\P€l~ ~he drffer~nc~. ~n -ord,er _to
?\(he statutory_ m1n1mum wage
f~ct?ry or prem_ises of the {r\,~-~?Y~·._the·.~-~e_ahd,..1:.:~ (CHAN~~~-ra\~~J:'i . .
motr~>n stu_dtes sho_~ld be .. c~.~]_1,1.~tEi,oby_ t!Je ~O~- !~I
,.:.9j~NT .i30NU~ '\="A)~ .·. · .- .. . .
Reg1or;icil _Q!fl~e havr~g Juns~1~tJer;iJ:,ver·thEi loc~~C_ilt"J.!gr,Y.s t.~ an a~1c;i.u~t_:g~ar'ltedar.id p~id ex gra,tia to
: o~ the marn un_derta~mg or .bp~ps~_.oft~e ~~plox.er~tf):e_ emy o:y~e. · 1w!; anj~c~ of. gE:nerosity-_grented by I•

,.· P1~c~ rates .estabhs~ed -tfl~o.crgb1Wn~\~~~i.:t-e.n~g ~eF. ed)":.l!lPJ~f" r. to spur the emp!pyee ·to·
·. s,t~dres_con.ducted at.the foct0~0l\ITT~!0Wj~~~m~~J·l·~r,i;~ei,~: rts f.of1ff~ uccess of the b\Jsiness ai:id
of th~ . efr!player. s~all . ~- ..a~p~~abt~.9}.Jhia ~-t~i~WiiJi~ of ~igger,~tofits·:(Pr9ducersBa'nk of the .
~0mework~r~ perform1119 the \ame_;JO a~.tl~9V~b_..E?.t..5.I. · ·. ,P)..!}jp'lj)f1e.s Yj NLRC/G.R, Nq: 100701, March· 28,
s.tan~a_l'.d.:p1ece·raJe sh~ll.!).e 1isu"':?· ~,_the,90~...,,.~ .2~·0},., .. / j · . .· . · ,, · .
. Regiona! Offic;~ ~1thin 1_ month',~ter a.re-q_~~e.sUf~~ffi"\l:'>- ·./< · , .u ·. . .· ·. ·- . .
.bee~. m~~.e a_t s_a_1d office. L!pon ·r-eq~e~_t09n1:t:~.._qL.:ir. ,-_ . ..--_.,..~n'!]e.rti'ag_~61eand Enforceab!e . ·. ·
, . R~gronal C?ff•c_e, t~e Bure.au of w_~r'Rw.1~d1t19~-=-~qp,vtt\staJdjJ1g. the tac~ that ;a ~onus. does not fom:i
, (BWC) s~all P(Ov1de ass1s,~nce m tl)e,;.~~rd.~d of , A Ji. fptf"<>!~-.f.wageor· salary of tne employees·, it
_;,u~h ~tud.1es (/RR ,of t}Je Lap9r C~~e;- .SookNt~~~Y£~t.Y!£.~.&~fl'jes oem.afldable and enfo.rqeabl_ew:iderany of
Vfl-A, Se_c. 7) ·. · . ·-.. · · · , · . { · .· . ,. :the. followin~ circui::nstances: · . .. · . · :·.
· · · · ' . · · 1. When Jt'i.s.slip_µ t~ted in 'an e111ployrhen~ contract
. Ali~we:d Time . . . . · .. . or CJ3A {CHA/Ysupra at 39.5);_.· ·. . : . , · .·
In· inc~ntlve \"{;:ige. system;'-.tqe nµ_mber 9f-.mim1tes·· . • 2. When the grant.of bonus 1s ·a company p9licy or
· ~l)owed for.tool carE!, personal·.needs and:fatigue, ·is·--:- . practic·e. (Mai-cos v.. t:J.LRC,. G.R: No. 1.11714 •. ·
added t.o operating time in'.e~_tablishingj9~standa~ds ·. Sepfember-8; 1995); · ·. .. • ·
or. ''task" as a Qasis for determining p·iece. r~tes ·or ;. ·. 3. Wh0·n. ·· it ·. is· · gra.nt.ed . as ·. a.n ~ additiorfal ·.
incentive·bonus:(CHAN,.supra _a~ 393) .. · , .. cqmpen.sation whictr. the· emplc;:iyer. agreed ·to.
. , · give· w_ith9ut any. condition .(Atok ·Big .W~dge
· · · · Bai;.e Rate · . , Mining Co. v.. Atok Big Wedge Mutual.Benefit'
I~.· incentive· ·wa9e . .system,·. the,. r.a~~· for_ -the Association, G.R:No.. L-5275, .Marc!J·3, 1f}q3).
established task or job standard' production is. called ,• - • I, • • •

~'base·. rat~'." The base rate .,u's'ually .·_repres~nt.s,th.e .
100% · basis for measuring ,the ince.ntive bonus·. It is
·afoo .used',to··'desc;rib:e the regular .rate for· time·
. worked·which . .Js·t~e est;:iblishe~ 113te per .hour for t_he
assigned.job, expl.usive of extras re~ultlng fro.n:i merit.
or. ser:vice increflse or .overtlmE!, ~rt1o'ng_pthers (Id,).·
· .. Note: Whe.riconsidered as part ofthe compensation.
. ,.: and; therefore, demand~ble ·.and enforceaple,' the_
: am.ount·'is-u.?.ually fi.X$d. · But if. the. amol!nt 'bf bonus .
·· is depen.dent upon the reaiization of profits, \he
. bonus· Is not deniandabl_e:and er\for:c:eabre(Protacio
· · · y. L~ya Mananghaya &' Co., G.R. No. 168654, March
. 25,. '2009). . . . '

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LABOR RELATI.ON·s -
,· SAN B£DA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR Of'ERATIONS ~ ":'EMORY AID 2019
IEWlM ,re Mdt+i ft NM¢tWfolitfM3!W ,BMW 5 ±Sdif$i&ti5WHW?8¥ fRiltJrR;.r· .
pJ/· "
tf It is valid for ah employer'to establish as-policy that The Bona Fide Occupational· Qualification Rule
: · ·onc:;e. · .an · employee · is · found. : guilty of· an· (Bt=OQ) and its pertinent provistons under 'the
:: administrative charqe.: he shall' forfeit his: bonus in Labor Code · ·
. favor of the employer (CHAN, -supra at 395). · BFOQ means that employment in particular jobs
~{ · . . - . . . . . · · may. not be limited to 'peraofis of a particular sex,
it> CHANG~ OF WORKING.HOURS religion, or national origin unless the employer can
:{ ··Employer~ have· the' freedom and preroqative;. show that.sex, religion, or national oriqlnisan actual
~- ·aceording 'to their discretion 'and best judgment, to qualification for' performing the job (Yrasuegu( v. ·
( _regulate and control t.he time when-workers should PAL; G.R. No. 168081; October 17,.2008)... · ·
;,,. report for Work and perform their· respective . ,
t: functlons .(PAL v, NLRC, :GR No. 115785, August Prohibited-Acts
i'· 4; 2000).. . . . . It shall be -uni.awful for an employer .to any ·of the
~ · foJlowing_acts: · . . ·
,~ RULES 'QN MARRiAc;;E; BETWE.~NE'M PLOYEES · 1. To' deny any_ woman employee .the benefits ·
f:_·. OR, G9Ml?ET!TORJ;MPLOY~E$ . · . provided for in this Chapter or to diseharqe an}'
<f~'. The employer has the prerogative to establish. a woman .e1J1ploy~ by him for the purpose of
~f:: policy on···niarriag~. 'Jurisprudence "has recoqnized . preventmq her from enjoying any.of the benefits
and · established som~. definitive- standards to provided uni:fer·this.C6de; .
determine whethersuch marital policy is valid or not 2. To discharqe such woman on· account of. her.
;(CHAN, supra· at 397). . -<:';.;'i pregnancy, or while on leave or -in confinement ·
,r/ · · / ( due to her pr¢gnancy;' and
¥;- When Rule is-Valid ··· ( '·/ ;\ 3.. To discharqe or refuse .the admission 'of such
,r In· the case of Duncan Association of Detailir,at,f·'' ·:.,\ woman upon returning to her work for fear that,
;,···..· PTO.WO v..(3/axo Wei/come Philippines, 'tnc., the1SC:::: : ::/ . .,-..,,.:she ma,y-~gain be pregnant (LABOR CODE, Art.
:: . · uph~ld. Glax_o's .f?olicy: pro_h_ibiting an-em ploy~~;ffoW-tjic~~~'..:...t: ,· 1°35)"~;~; · . ·-. · . . •
havmg: I!!· relationship .wrth.i"an: emp_!,~¥_1,~_of ~ q.
~~: ~~--~.. ,~-i·\ . · ·.. ·· . . . . ·
· ~ompet,tor company·p_ursuanfto a v<:1J1q-,-e~erc1se 9.f'.:h Reasonabl,!fi~cess1tyRule . . .. . _
ma_nagen_,ent·p~erogat1ve, '> .;(' _,.;
.• : . } :.Y !;~ The e~pl'?fel';fiis th~ ~~'.den.to pr.ave the. ex~stence
. ·. · . . ·· . ., • .. ·. J::~ . : kl
. ,_>t!,f>' of .a reas~~?le"(~usm.ess necessity.. T~e Ja1l.~re _to
The. SC r.uled that this- st1p0Jat19.~;1s·a vahij:c1~erc1si:1- (,,\ prove a·j~g111iriat9ilpus1ness.concern. m 1mpo.smg an
of managem:ent prerogati:--e. 'lf'i~J>~oh~~lH~': ag~instll !:•·! ~mp~o_t!i~p~f~y -~fflnnot yrejudi_ce th~ e~~loyee's
person~! ·or·r:iaotal _relat!onsl:i\{l~W1tJ:t·em1j19Yee&:._~{_ l:!;J 6Ur,t;=~~'!~~.
nght·:cf~, SW'arb1trary d1scri~matlon ba~ed
.{;_.. compet1tor-co_ll')Pa(lles up~n 'WL ~!_t.f,Hl?~eesP-;l.~ . t,,j . up~m st~.rre..Q.t_yp:es··_-~f mamed persons working
.... reasonable un.d.er the. cirt;umslan~s···!·becau$,e- ... L7 tqgether m one. company (Star Paper .Corp .. v.
t~ .· relatidnships'<?t .that·nature 'm.ig~~\::ifaipro~~ise-tfie· Ji\,;o""Pi':7!b.0J,-'G:R. Np: 164774, /J.pri( 12, 2006). .
·t intere.stsof·th~company. In _laying dqw.9.~.i9~aisailed_ _.,<:!;i:.i, :1:;::·;~;:;i ,-~·· · •. ·
,... qompany policy; the employer only a1.1!i.s.to pr.91:~cP·-~"";;p,osT-·~MiPLOY_M~~T.BAN.
'.'.' its interests-against the possib)lity that~~ fOCTft?\ilitor. . The employer, in the exercise of its·prerogatjve,; may .
,: · company will gain access to its tracle~"-se·crets,' . .insist c;>n-at1 agreerl'!ent w_ith the ·employee for certain-
t. .
~
manuf~cturing'..formulas, mark_eting str.ategles arid
·qther . confidential : programs . and -information
prohibition~ to take' effect ·a1ter 'the' termination of
their etnployer-empl.oyee relationship.· .
~. · .(l).imcanAssociation·of Defallman-PTGWOv. Glaxo· The folh,:iwing stip~lations·in an employmeht contract
t Weffcorr;,e·.:Philippines;= 1np;, G.R._ ·No .. 162994, are·.musfrativ~ 'Of _th~ prohibltiqns-hormally agreed'.-
$epterhber 17, 2004). · · ·. · upon by the e1J1ployer and the ~mploye_e:·
. . ·1. Non~Co.tnpete:orNi:i,n-lnv.olvern~nt Clause;
Wheh Role is.NdtValid . . . · 2 .. .'Forfeitu·rEi'-for~competitio·nClause or.
Art.: 1':34 'ofthe Labor-Code considers· as an unlawful ·:Conwensation_-for-CompetitionClause;
act. of the .employer _to ,stipulate, 'as a 'condilon"Ot'· 3: Garden-Leave'Ciause; ..
emproyn:ie.nt-·or. .contin!Jatiori of ~mployrnent, that a.:· · 4. Confidenti~lity·a.nd Non,DisclosureClause; ..
worn#iri employee shaWnot get mafried, or tt,at up·on. 5. N9n-Solicitation.Clause; · ·· · .. ·. .· ·: · · . ·
ge.tting: married, .. a .Wb_man ·employee· shall be 6.: Non-Recruitment or--Anti-Piracy ClqUSE;l; and·
deemed.;'re'~igned or: separated. ']t is likewis~· :an · ... 7. lnvi'mtions· Assignment Clause (lntef/ectuaf.' ·
!,!nli,iM,!-11 act of.t~e employ~_r,'.to ac_tually dismiss., Properly Clause) (CHAlj_ _..si.Jpra at 399).
discharge, dlscriniinatei or· otherwise prejl,Jdice a
woman .employee merely by reqso·n bf her. marri1:1ge· .. Non~Co~p~te or No~-lnyol"'.ement.Clause..
(/RR: of the· L.aoor ·code; Book II/, .Rule XII, ~ec. .· The e·mploy~~ and the employee are free to stipulate
.13(e);· Guall;)erlo· y. Marinduque · '/\,1ining tndustri~I in an employment contract prohibiting the employ~e
Corporation,-~'.R. No;J52'75_3-R, :June 28; 1978). withif"l a certain period from and after the _termination .
. ·_, of hi~ ~rnp1~yl11ent, fro~: .

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LA"E30RRELATIONS·
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZEDSM OPERATIONS- MEMORYAI0-2019

1. _Starting a .slrnllar buslness; wofession or trade; . Co.nfi~ential1ty .and Non-Dlsctosure Clause

or ·. . · ·· '. The confidentiality and · non-disclosure clause
2. Working in an. entity that is engaged in. ·a 'similar . reflects the commitment. of 'the employee that he
business that might competewith the ernployer-. . shall not, either during the ·period of his empioyment
-~). . . . · 'with the employer-or at any time thereafter, use or
. . disclose to a!ly person, .firm ~r corporation !')ny .
Legal · Basis for the Non-Compete or .Non,- information' concerning _the business or. affairs of his·
lnvolvement. Clause . . . . employment; for his own benefit or-to the detriment ..
· Art, 1306 of the Civil Code provides-that parties to a· . . ofthe employer (CHAI'{, s1,1pra_at 404). . . ';
contract- may establish such stlpulatlons, clauses,·
terms and conditions as they may deem. convenient, Noh,-Solicitatiori Clause ·.
. provided theyare not contrary to law, morals; ·good . To protect the legitimate business interests of the
. customs, public order, orpubljc policy (CiVIL CODE, employer, including· its business relatlonshlps, "the
Art. 1306). . . . . employee -under : tnts .. clause,'. may, directly or ' .
indirectly. be -prohfblted . from- soliciting or ·
Article 1159 of thejsame .Code also provides .that approachlnq, or accept ·any business. from any'
obligations arising from contracts have the force of. . personor entity whoshalt.at any time within a fixed
· law between- the eontractinq parties and should be 'period precedlnqthe termination ofNs employment;
complied with iri good faith. Courts cannot s~ipul_?J2..,.-..:.--=--=~~~ebee_n:- · , · . .- · .
. - for the parties nor amend 'their agreement ;;v.J:lere"the y T J)\~"-'cli_ent,talent, producer, desiqner, pro_grammer, . l
same does not· contravene law, .rqprals, !~ood (_; .'\{distri~qr. merchandiser, or· advertiser of the
custo_m_s. public order or_p~b.lic pol,i,91,~r't<;>};l~J?.!b'"""'=-=r.~~~-CJ>mt~ri.y;\~ .: . . . . ·
would be to alter the real intent .,9~<!1'1.e !'pry~s~nd 2. ~~?riy 03!?'1:.9sp'?ct1ve party to an agreement
v,:ould run co.ntrary to the funeJi,o~e~¥cC?,!J~-&-1C!~~.,,_.;,_"-<-lt:l.ltl;('t~.£'{mp~~'$'{r; or . · · .. . . ·
give· .force and effect th~retq1/J.,_qJ,VJL:jCO!fJE,Affn . 7..r:
1159). . .l '""'1. I · Jr · +· A re.pre~f Q1ci.!!S'.e~or agent ~f .any c_lle~t. ~alent,
~ffl Li:~ praclucer~,<fesJ~_n~r. p~ogrammer, distrlbutor,
· . [, t
I/ · ·. . mer<ihand~~et,Jpr:1~ert,~er of the employer tor
.F~rfeit~re-F<:»r-~o'!lpetitJorV S'!JU~e ~ ~:__,,,-:- . ,, ,_..,Tiurpos~~9.ffe[i~gto that person or entity
It IS. a stipulation In an emplJ/'.ymel'ltfontr-ac, wheEe~,r ~.f~g_ooisor serlces..r111ch are of the. same type. as
an · employee forfeifs cert~ir:i.,,ibEl"efitl? Ii ~ stdi!~~ ffii''B· ,or ·.sj~ar to_1~a'R}"'#dsor- services supplied by
option_·or incentive bon~s o1\defe.r;r~d- o~Jle,ns~ti~~-4;:-. the/~i!-1?"oy~l at__t~;Tination (Id:).·_.. .
. to wh,ch an employee. wov.19. !fY.v.~. be~~~~1it1e~r~- _11."&.- / '/'........ .
because (?f his act of eri9aglng 't<in t~~,R(lti!_iy.~\ £_ mi·~ .~qr; itmeilt orlJntl-Piracy·cla!Js'e
J ~ ,. · _. . . · . .
. I
· employnJent or- activities .aft~r ter~· atio1q,:"t,~~'h.lf:;,. .~l:11 ~e_luseJ~pr'ohi_bjfs
employment (CHAN, Labor Lat.v. Rev,e f!_r, Ch;1~re . loyee P'f. pers8)nnel or ·employees of t~e
· the· recruitment-_ ··by the I.
. .· . · ~~ ~ SC'JE1.;~l'fl~j¢yer.::tor.a .ce1in. period atter- his terminatien or f
Compensation-for~Competition'CJause.7. .:~£1~~JP?m'en!'t-...,AWier- · on ~·his own ac~ount or in
, It is a· provil>i?n in an employment"i$~nt~"'}.-wljrclfxa;,;~e<J_nj~rf~~~l'itn dr 9n behalf of.any other person
.- ~equjtes _-th~ paym_1:m~- by_ the- employ~~f..A~m.e__ · M· · l.ffC1r._Aif.J~§JJP:aat "405): .· . ·
_amount of mon·ey to h1s·former er:nployer ·!n~er4!r to .. . ,-,:_.,.-,,.~ ·.-. · ·. . . ··. · . . ·
.engage in competitive employm~nt-or activities.,afffi'f=-.•"'4n've_ntipnsA~s1gl"!ment Cla.use (l11tellectual
termination of his em·ployment. ThisJs also kno.wn as ·· Prqp·ei::tyClaul,e) . .. . . · . .. . .
a. '.'clawbac::k'.'-provisio_n' (Id.).'. ·~ · Irr industries engaged .ir-.-re.search c:1nd 'dev~lopment
· · ·-- · · ·. · ·· . and related. activities; .. t_his .cl9us~ · i'Elqi,ilres. the .
Garden-Leave-Clause ' ·. .. . · employee·; ·within a .certain period; '.to disclose:-in ·
It ·is a :variant of the n'oii-compete agreement. Under confidence to 'the employer and its subsjpiaries aiid
· --. -this p'~ovision, ·an: er:nployee.who -has 'left his _wqrk .. · t;· assign·· ·a11 ·i.nventions,. •ir:nprevemeiits/ desigt-is~
either. by reason of termination or resign"c;1tion is . _: ·original. wqrkif ·ot authorship; formulas,: .processes,
bound to stay at home .o~· in. ~is. "garderl' during· the ·. . ~on:ir:fos\tiqhs .. of mai_ter', . computer . software'
garden-leave period .at whiGh time; he cori.t[nue~ to' .. . programs,. _ _- dat;:ibas.~s. m·ask .. -..ycirks and trade
receive all his sa'iaries and benefits but is·proiiibited. .. . '.secrets,' whether o.r not patentable·. copyrightable .ot
from commencing employment with new e~ployers . - pro.tectible . as. trade . s_ecrejs_. (coll~di,vely; ..the
until · this -period .:has elapsed. He thus rl:lrriains : "Inventions"); which the employee m·ay solely ·or .
. · . s(!bjec~ to a.IL the strictures pf his· forn,e_r employer as 'jointly conceiv~ or dl:lvelop· or reduce. to pra:ctice, or .·
. if he-is.still urider employrnentwitt-1 the latter. · cause .to tie'.conc~i'.-ed or. de:,,eloped ·or reduced to .
· · · · ptactJce, during .. the pE!riod of' his employi:nent with
.. The· term "garden lec,1iie'; is based .. on . the· old~ ·the employer (Id.) ...
· fashioned: and ,;1ttractive idea that the employee will
be· paid his salarie$ and benefits while he tends to
his "garden" at home _(Id.). .

1 $4 I 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED ·BAR OP!;:RATIONS

 ·- ·--1
1~· Jls,!21Ellllll!lllll.. !llil.. m1111S11r.B.. lllll.. mllllm::llllillll:lmlllll: .... llill.. :llillmllmlllliEIDZ:la=llm .. lll.l!IIIIISZm:IIIDll!l!IIICl:!ll\'l!!!!~~::?1:!~:mi!i:tl
lmlltl

;,,z: :: ·:.:.( lURISD.ICTION AND RE·MEDIES·

SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZW BAR .OPfRATJONS - ~ORY AID 2'019·
. ~-·· Wic!FC9i'liitCM5 BM ¥1 RiihiA YfQIS!NSSEABM I tstMFMA W ®&&iPdN'ihZ i195Midil@tdti•t.lli.1:i~

f
FLOW OF DISCUSSION Power to Determine Existence of. Er-Ee
I. Voluntary Modes of Dispute Resolution . , Relationship: (LDMS)
A. . G~ievance .. M~chinery and . Voluntary· 1:· .babor Arbiters and NLRC (LABOR CODE, Art
Arbitration · 217); _ · - .
\'. B. Single Entry Approach (SEnA) 2. · QOLE Secretary arid DOL.~ Regional Director; ·
II. Labor Arbiter (LA)
·111. National Labor and. Relations Commission Note: Ttie.determin!3tion by the DOLE Secretary
(NLRC) . . . . . and the DOLE Regional · Director · of the
IV. 2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure existence of the Er-Ee relationship in the
V. Bureau of.LaborRelaticns exercise of their visitorial and enforcement
VI. Department bf Labor andEmployment · power under Art. 128.(b) otthe Labor Code is to
· A: Regional Oirector . . the. exclusion cit the LA and the NLRC (People's
B. Secretary.of Labor and Employment · .. Br9~.dcastin_qService (f3omb.oRadyo PHL,:fnc.) .
VII. Judicial Review of Labor Rulings .... v. Secreteryoi DpLE, G.f.?. No. 1]9652, Merer:
A. Court of Appeals _6, w12J. ·. · ·
B. Supreme C.ourt
· 3.. Me.d-Arbiter · (M. Y. StJir Biscuits, Inc.. v,
Viii. Prescription of Offenses
Lagtlesma, G.R. No. 95011, April 22, 1991);.and

; .' · ·
4 ... .§o-cial Security Commission . (Republic v.
Asiepro .· Cooperative, G.R. ·No. 172101,

I .. juR~~DiCTI~N A,~D RE~~D·~Ji1~/~~~.

• · .. . . · · _ .
November 23, .2007).

. . _ · 1;~:i/t\1,\1.;4 Labor ArQiters, May Exerc1.se Juti~diction In the

_ .
i\11

Existence of Employer-Employee .(Erleey.-.,1~~,d Abs~hce of.an Er~Ee Relatlonshlp

Relationship .· . . .- . . ·. ', _· ;,_V !>: '\f.,J[r:FA7'"SeaJ~rer,,f:?thq has. already. signed. a POEA-
The_ exi~!ence.. of !=r~EEf relationship ben,yi-ef"if!!"ti{~:)'r,..-·-appi:0.>J.~13~ployment.contract - but·: was not
part1es~,11t1ga~ts, .o~.a ~eas~r,~bl~ ~au~,~~c[n~~ct1o)J"\.}j depJ?yed ?v19~~.~a~.an~; therefore, the~~ 1.s r= l;r-~e

the exercise of jurisdiction ov:e.r: a 1.~~9l ~!~R-1J:te By·

the _1:.A or· any. other labor ttib\Jftats '(G:"fj!fN17 BaJ_ ·
I)A,
to such retationshlp, IS-a JUrtSdJCftoncff.~flf/lSJ(e tgr_>:::..-'lj . relabonsht~?~~ filehis mo~et_ar~ C!a.JmS case with
the.~~: TIJ)s !f ~~cau~~ the ,iunsdictior:i.of !~e ~ is
not lim,te/t? .~rau~_sans~r:ig fror;n. Er-Ee rela_t1?nsh,1p~ .'
i
I
i
Reylewer O? Lab.or Law_ (2017.)f:P.;.j 64:J}'[fbreinafte"A:, .J-.r{ . Under .~rct.10~·1.0 qf R.~. ~~-. 8.042, as am~nd~d. the
CHAN, Reviewer]. . . \•~;;;~ «-:=~Jv-}i:.. ~- .: . 1·!'1 LA r.Jt~¥~'i,,e,'.i~~G~s~t!}!;!psd1ct1on .over. ~he c~a1tns of
I
. . , . · ,, · . -;;.,,....,,;•( .-:)•\ r;!'1. OFWs~q,r~~mg~ol.tt;;.ot an. Er-Ee: relat1onsh1p or by
.Reasonable Cal!sal Connectiohi'~u~?_yt~t · :'."l7 ~J .
.vi~ue· of~nt"i~w _or· contract in.vtjlvjng· filipino:
Unde~ .the , reasonable·.'causal. co'f.l~tion,)l.ule • ..-fit: .. ,,r" _
~prket~ for overseas deployment, ind(lding claims
the:re ,s· a reasonable causal ~orin.e~tio,l~§Ji.¢en the _ :1,:~:~tcm:~3Wal, mo~ar.•. exemplary, and other ·.f<;>rlTI. .of
Clc!tm ?iSserted and the .Er£e relat1on~·1:i_1p,·then,tb,erE~~;.~;:im,f}W..E§anlt~Q.O v.. CF SharpCrew Management,
case is wit-hin the juri'sdiction oflabor~ourts.;;ip.)tie · lnc.,-G.R:No .. 16241{}, July 10, 20Q"1). ·
. absence. of suet,- nexus, .it is the rwul$lr~Q!Jfttthaf.
· have jurisdiction (PH Airlfnes, lri.c., ·v.. AiffJn·~<:Pilots . .La~~r Arbiteq, Jµrisdiction .. ov·er.~laims Filec(by.
Association·of. the Philippfne~ ·G.R... No,' -200088; .
o~~~ - . .· .
February 2_6, 2018).· - . . Labor· Arbiters have }urisdiction over any and all
. . '~ . . disputes or. corittoversies.arising out of or by virtue:
of Jhe contract, even if·the:case is ·filed by the_heli's
. ·-
EXECUTIVE'COMMIT.fEE. SUBJEGTCOM,MITTEE' MEMBERs'· ' ADVISERS.
MARY CYRIEi.r,' C SUMANQUJ KRISTIN/I. . I;>.· CABUGAO JOHN ·BENEDICT M_RIVERA, :· ATTY. . JOYRICH . M.'.
Over:a/J Chairperson, · Eru.C.i\ . ·SubJ,ct Chair, ViC,TOR ~NNER -RAJEEN JILLIAN D. B~CA,. . GOLAN~O. Atty. MARiON j:
MAE C. VIST/\ "Chalrperso'n for S. · G.AtANG Assista,:it Subject · CHRJSTIAN. MARIE LYNN P. MA.NUEL and 'A"fTY. PETER-
- ',Acqdemics, .. BEN_· - JIB( ·. E:.. Chair, ·Mis~ :\l· QCCIANO· .. SOUS, JOANNA PATRJCIA.·R. JOEY.B .. USITA . .
BARBERO Chairperson:for I:Iotel Subject . Electronic . Data PADIUD, SIJ,PH:ANIE·-NICOLE
Operations, JHE[SEA LOtJ!SE B. Processing; . NATHANAEL A... M. II.AC.AP, and ANN' MARY'·
:OIMAANO Vici Chaitperson for Q{,TfJANO!,abor ..Stdndards; BE/I.. MICHELLE B. RU.ALO ·. - . -
Secre'tariat, EARL JUSTIN' M. . PATRICIAG.I'.>ANGAZOL<ibor
YAMBAO Vice Chairperson for· .Relations, . . ah.d . · ]OZ.MEND
. Operations, .MA. AN<,ELICA B. FRANCEZ . T~E - . M.
· DE ~QN .Vice C,hairperson fat ABRJ.AMJurisdictlon'and Speciql
Fi,.ance, ARRA OL~YA ]. ·. La)'is :.- '.
BADANG.AN V.,ce Chflirpe.rsan ·
for Audit, JORDAN N. Cfi!\VEZ·
Vice Chairp'erso.n for EDP. HANZ .
DARRYL- D.TIP Vice
Chairperson for Logistics, and
DOHN 'ALFRED E. AQUil.lZAN . -
.Vice Chairperson far.Membcrs.hip
 d Mi M i IAMMMIP WNM

JU.Rl·S·DI.CTlON AND. REMED1ES

· sAN BWA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERAT/ONS - M~MORY.AJO2'(?19.

. of the· ·OFW becaus·e, as heirs, they have the 2. Labor Relations Disputes: (TRO-BC)
personality to file for death compensation· (Me,dline a. Employment ·Ienure disputes (e.g., non-
· Managerrie[lt, · inc. v:· Roslinda, G.R. No .. 168715; reqularization o( employees, illeg91
Septem.l)er·15, .2010). termination, non-issuance of. employment
contract); . ·
Labor Disputes. art! NOT .Subject to Barangay b. Representation : - disputes · (e.q.,
Concltlatlon' · · . ·· . determination of the collective l;>i;irgaihing. ·
Labdr 'casestare . not· subject to the -conciliation unit, l.JLP, .. ,strike, uncertainty · .as to
proceedings. prescribed under-. P.o: No. 1508 determmatlon -of "the 'soter and .exclusive
requiring . tbe 'suomlssion" of . disputes. before the bargaining. agent of-.'the employees fri an
Barangay.Lupo,:,g Tf,lgapayapa 'pt,lor" to thetr filing. . . appropriate tiargairiing unit which is the
with the. court of other governinerit offices because .1t majority untonj..: ' . : . . .
would only. dupllcate th'~:. conentauon proceedings C, Qrga.nizatiohal 'right dispute/unfair labor
. and undulydelay the disposltlon of tabor cases. It is prac~ice··{l)LP). (e.q., coercion, restraint ·or
·, the Bureau 'and its _d).visioris which are Vested with jnterfererioe In unloqlzation' efforts, reprisal
·· original . and .. exclusive [urisdlctlon .. to· conduct . · or.idlscrirninatleri 'due -to union· activities,
. conclliatlon · a.nd medlatlori · proce.ed_ihgs on. tabor . company unionism);· · · · · ··
· controversies- 'before its adjudicatlon · (Montoya. v. d. .!;!ai'gainifig disputes (e.g-.; refusal to' !;iargain

. · · · · ·. · · ·
Escay.d, G.R: Nos.'82211~12, .March 21; 1989).· '~"';.,;.==<:,;,

La.bar Dispute includes anicontrov~r~~cfr·~er !l

,;~ · .,. J N.
. (l:JL.P); bargaining deadlock,
"""°.z,,.~strikeor lockout): and '. ·
. ~~.,?~l?'ht._fact
. .. :
economic

admini~trati0n orpersonnst policy

·

. ·conceming;: .·. .' .. · . . . ,,#~iz-,( ~~:.{- di'SQ\:l,le\\·.(~.g., noncompliance .IA!it/:l. CBA

1. Terms. o~ conditions of ~mpl~}'f9t'1t~f~/~·.:;_. · · · . ~.,j"~~b~\ (U.LP· if g_r<?f~ n~n:.cqmplia.nce
2. · Association · or representat~en.~f;p~tso~m"' sf:"""'.,..,_,._ ~~!}'I'<;eco;t'oi;rnc prov1s10ns): d1sregan;l. of_
. neg.oti!3ting,. fi~ing, maint;iffi09it'gflan..,w_'ng .qs) lf.. , \o/. : ")'~ie'<.~~C:1~::tirl~phi~ery;.y[olatior:iof no strike/
. arrariglng ... the: . ter,ms j,i~n~-rlfndit!ons.· JjJ :. · 1~ ~ : lj)O loc.l<qt'.l;f a,w\~ement)(? AZUCENA, f:_abor..
· employni.ent,.. ·regardles~ of /"'.'het~er ·the .12_,._, · · . .(jode,\u(:_,fa:JJ~22): _. . ; . • ,
disputants staric;I in · the;i e'T'W<i9liate r~.fafi~n of""·'][~-~-:-.1.. : \' -~ .,.__ ''. . .
I, ,
·
employ~r. and er:rrploye,,..(f.AJ:!GRCQpE;~"-).\
· .21..9 (/)).. . .
·.,· . ·
. . , ' · ·
· .- ···ii. .. ;d il.:
. · IJ9:' ;,<1~ .U~ . ~·.-ni
' Test or:~riteria o.f L~bo.r. D1~9yt.~1\\ ·. \~~,
1. · .As to. Nature~ Whether~a...M1spqfe ar~~-Qtri~
....\\.'l . . ·. .,: · ~~2:
:~.·,,· :· ~~ r~!h~J~9 ;.
~. ·t:::RfW~~J,s m.La,blcir ~~~~utes: {GRIIVI-_.JA3C~)
\:: ~ , -=-'~ .@ne.wance P~op.eaa~!:i:. .
, .--,-· .t:.::...

ff,&~~~~fa,uoin,. If ·. · ·
Ii.~~·.
Re-ii'AV11.:~y, cturt,)Jf
..... ., n.~n . ~

. . ~mployer-ei:hplo.y.ee: . ret@tionshlf?., ~!Wo t{= ~ ~~j!~~p,1al_A 10.n;, · / ·· · . . . ·· ,:. . ..· · .-. ·

· dispu.t~nt~he·ed n?t · be. prci~Jl'!iatel~ei:nJ:)1~=~,e"·~""" .4""1~!r151tra~,.
. . .
f. . \ ·. · .
:'· ()"olu,!3~~'Y; o'. C~mpu~.sory);.
· •
.

-....
...
· · .
. ·
I
I
I
I

. . or "~mpJoyer". of the other. "' . ~.-~~.··. S~l- _ . rt.:r:,t4s~~W,~tlon··:ofj~fllidrct1~n, · · .

2.-' As .to su.bject-i:natter::Whetf:\_~r 1t' .in,.l'..,Q!ves. )i'~_l..8\:~~"P~~.h;>~ ... /'. · · · , · , .·
. con~erns t~r.ms,. co.nditions · of .e'qi.pk?YQ;(~~i:S;~-..,,~9,··:~~{'G•hJ{i19));· · , . . '. ... : .. .·
repr~sent~t1.on (2 AZU(!EN~, Th~"t!.'fl.fp(f!R.de 1, 4,1\,0\~~~~1se f.gr,eement.,..
·:with Comments and Cases.'(211'16), at.f!~ 1VIu:11;.:>:s.~mficat1onto ~!.;l:~C; . . _ :.·. ·
· · . . .. . · . . · · · · . . ·. ·. · .. -=.:=::;;:::t-r.'Enforcemenfor £ompliance Ord~r: , .
. . Note:·.~ven the. qi:ie~tiqn.'of e.mplc:iy.er-empfoyee: ... : 13_, ~eit!fi~tion.of :~a_rgaining."(2AZUc;JEN~; ·s~pra
/ . ·relationship can-be ~nsidered a'~labor dtsplit~.H ' • • , at. 27- 24).· • , • , : .'. ' ' • ··.- : . . . '
It ls.:·within.)h~ jurisdiction or' NLR.C,':n.ot".the' -.,.
, ·regular courts· (San .M/gU'e/ ·Cqrp:. Emp,Joye.(!s ' ·
.......... '\.

. · Uhion-PT~WO. v... Bersi}mira, .G,R. Nb: "87700, . ·

June .1 S,.'1 f)!)O). · · GRIEVANCE MACH:fNiRY AND-
. . ·VOLUNJ'ARY ARBITRA:TIO.~· .......
Typ~~ of Labor Dis~ti°tes .: . ,· .. ·•
·.. 1: -:Labpr Standards Dfsput~s:.{WBC),. ..
a. WorRirig conditions·. (~.g;, unrectified work .
.
i"ITLE. ·vi,~i:'
·G~l~V;Nci .MAC~i~~~~ AND.·.
h~ards); · · , · :· . · ·. · VQLllNT-.A~Y A~B.ITRA,:1~:iN· . ·' .... · .
. b. . .!;!en'efits (e.g., nonpayment of holiday p~y.
ARTICLE. 273: GRIEVANCE. MACHINERY. AND .
.overtime p~y ·or ott:ier beriefits);,and. .
c. ~o'rr1perisatfon. (~:g,, . underpayment· .. of. VOLUNTARY AR.E~iTR.ATlbN . . ... : ·. : ..
· Constitutional· Basis · · ·
·n,\n[ml,lm. Wage, .stringent. OL!tpul. qu9ta,
illegal pay deductions)'(2 AZUCENA,; supta . · . The provision!> in. ·tlie L~bor Code on .~rievam~e
·at 22). · · · - .' rnachJnery,,vqluntary arbitration and other modes of
. dis.pute settlement· have· a ·strong .constitutional·
··,basis.·. ·

186 1 • 2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 . . . AM

fl: JURISD·ICTION·AND·R.EMEDIES
s, ·. . SAN BE:DA. ~W.CE:NTRA~~ED BAR .OPERATIONS - ME:~ORY AID :to,9 ·
'~~:i6 f E 45 ZNl1DP- MDNM5!MW#H YIMi,43& . I ES ¥ iWIF561Mtt6W
~ . . .
The State is mandated lo "promote .the principle of
· t~ . arbitration as the terminal· step. The g~ievance
{\,hared · responsibility betw~er.i workers . anq · procedure provides . the· parties a first crack in
l.1:- employers and the preferential use· of voluntary add.ressing problems· in,the CBA i;ldn:iinistration and
::>modes in· setUiJig disputes, "including conciliation, . its use is. ar:i essential requisite before a voluntary
+_·and shall enforce their mu~u_;:iJ compliance therewith arbitrator. 9an .take cognizance cif the unresolved
.f,:"' to fostet industrial peace". {C.ONST.Art. XIII, Seq. 3) .. grievance. It u~ually con~ists of a multi-step
procedure· st~rting: from or· discussion 'of the
~:: ·This 91.Jarantee. In .·t.tie. Constituti~n -i~ in ad~ition to: .. · . . grievance betweei) .the employee and/or the Union
·:. 'the mandate that "the State shall. afford. full ·steward . on fhe one-hand an"d the foreman and .
t.:· protection to; labor, local and overseas, orqanized . . sup~Nisor -on .the other h.and; and. ending with the
~'- 'and unorganized, and. promote "full employment and · · highest."d~cision-making·_ officials of the ·company,
·r equality of employment . opportunities . for .al!" . reflectihg the hierarchy of.command or respon"sibility
f ~- . .
(CON$T. Ari: ~Ill, Sec-B}, . .. .
.·
. ..
.
· (f,/CMB -Pdmer on. ···Grievance Settlement -and
· :. Volur'ltary'Arbitration).· · · ., · · ·
?_ :fhe. Labor C~e is clear that "it ls .the policy ~f:the°_
( · State to promote and. emphasize. the primacy of free · . Nature of Grievanc~ Procedure
f: collective l?argaining · and negotiations, · _i_ncludin_g . · It ls a "must" provisioritri aQy·_CBAand no agreement
,'$- · voluntary .arbitratlon, rnediatlon and conciliation, · as . carrbe _registered in the absence of such procedure;
{,, modes of settling 'labor or industrfal disputes. ll is. in other words, it is .rnandatory (NCMB Primer on
J .. likewise the polloy .of the State to' provide adequate <"....._ . · Grievance Settlementand VoluntaryArbitration): · ·
-:_;,'.: administrative . machlnery for" ·. the expeditioi:J(>:~:i·. . . . ... . . ·. . . . . . .
/; .. settlement of labor· or industrial disputes" :(LAB~,F,t\,:~:.\ Note: ·. Waiver of grievance machinery procedure
::,- 9.0D_P,Art. 218). · ·. · . . ... (';,... '" ~-,:;-_~{ does. not.arnount to a· relinquishment of employee's
,J . : · . ·. · ·· · . · \l /:;.~; ~.,v.;.·_r.,tjQhlto av,.ail of voruntary arbitration (Ap_a/isok v.
\ · _S~bject M_atter : · · . .. ·. .,..,~ G1'.:J;~.'!: _. ...&.i!!.._b·f.?!fl.~!JP,.twork RedloStetion, GR. No. 1'38<]94,
1r. The followinq.are _cases ~h,c_h._mu.~t bej,1.~,µ0seq- of~· 1J . May 2_g:;,20e;a~: . , · .
,:. by the Labor .Arbiter by· referring the·1}ame to the c......: 1 l.. · .. P!g\ . . ·
;~: wtevance machinery .an_d "voluritary a?tNr.~tfon:. J;i:'","'"\ CBA Prov;tiwns SubJ.ed of .Grievance Machinery
~: .1. Disp1,1tes on.:the interpre!ation _?-!:J,,Pf<>le°!-Pmfatjbn · I~~- 1 .. Econo~jP -~f no.ri.-po!)tical provisio.ns which
~· o.~ ~J3A; and· . ~ .. · y ·.. . "\f-?".,·_· ._ . !~i4., · havf dir~ct_,nd me':'surable·_ monetc'.!'r.Y cost. ,
ff 2.. -Drsi:utes on_ the 1_r;iterprE:t~t§:l'_l.>Or e.~9r.F9ment_~.
:i'f ... company p_e_rsonryel pphc1~!r'f20;J;f·~1,::,f.CRl:fL.~t.
. of_ proqed1:1re; ·Rule_. V,- S(;c. f;{J;.g>30, 2,c,ta~. · ,.~:. .
'!!~~~-~ ~, c~')~equ~~~~{, -such as wagf: rates,. paid
~~~-'1~-99-~,w~e.·~~n~,health .and welfare plans,
a_naiot_l;rer:fobgebenefjts;·and· ·. . .· .
ame1:ded)1h_ereinafter NLRC't-f~k§SJ\\ · ). · · l}i , 2_. Non~economic .or politi~-~~ provisions wh9se
: . . . · \'. . ~·,) . · I,:~~- ,:non.~tary cost"cannot be-d1rec_tly computed such
_,f
t">,~;fi.'-1· . ·:.
f. . . ., GRIEVANCE MACHINE~Y .. .
. ·. · . · ,:
Grievance re.fers 'to any. ·question hteitl;jer~,;the
1._~;_\.)~_~:;-tJ1i i:10-stri_ke-no.-:lock9ut, union s_ecf..lrity,.
(¥ . .,(,:.-:~·•·•;!.~~:m"ar1!39ement. ·_-security, .·· check-off . clauses.,
grievan·ce proc;~dures, etc. (NCMB Primer on·
.. employ~'r or the· u·~ion regarc;ling: (CPV)f~it"··~ /i . . . . Grievance . ·. Setti~infJnt , and.. . Voluntary
.~· 1. The interpr.0tation or irriplementatiOri'iOf· ariy ·. ·.. Arb~fr.ation).
"· provision.of Uie'~BA; . . :· .- · · . · : . . · ·.. ·
"'· 2. lnterpr(;ltation or .. er:iforcemeot, of ··company · : No.te: Vicifati<ms of e"ither 'provision· of-t!Je"CBA
f~rsohnel pciiicles; or . . . ·, . rna_y constitute. a grievance and is often referred
t,.' 3. ~i.olatio_n ·ot. ~ny provis.iohs:_ of th1t CBA or . to _·.a_s rig"hts dis'pute (NC.MB Primer. on
~:. cqmpany -personn.el · policies (/RR of· LABQR . · GrifJvarice . Si!tffernen( . - _and Voluntary
. GbDE, Book \I, Rule XIX, Sec.. 1,: as ·a(.riended Ar_bitration)', .. . ...
~r.:. . by D~O. ·N_o._ 40-03): ·: '. ·.· · ., . . .
! ·. •. . .: When the violation . of. the CBA consists in
( . Gri!3vance .. M.achinery is. ·a. mechanism for ·the· : · . flagrant an El/or m_a.liciou'siefusa~ to comply :with
r· · -adjust_m~_nt of to_n.t~6~ersiesor _disJ?utes ~rising from. the ·economic. provisions, ·the sarrie shall be
::. ·. · the,-interpretation or irnplem~ntation of the CBA and . treatecfas ~n unfair labo"r prc:1dice act and shall·
t.
':
the interpr.etat1on··: ol" enforc~ment. ··of. company
per~onrtel poJi~ie_s {JRR· o( LABOR·9QDE,. BooR V, ·
. not be treated. _as a. grievable. · issue -"(LA.BOR
· COOP, Art. 274). . . .
t .
! ~~ .
RIJ/fJ XIX,.'Sec. 1, as amend~d by D. O~ · No., 4.a-03). · .
. ~ . ~y-p1:1s_sin~ the_ Grievance. Machinery: 't)L:P ··
Grievanc'~-P·rocedure is' th~ serie~. of fo~al steps .General R.ule: Before an· aggrieved ·employeef"may
tf)at. partfes 'tq .. a C_BA agreed to take fot the .resort to _th:e COUrtS to enf(!rCe his individu"al. rights.
·adjustment of grle~~nees or questions·arisin1;i o!Jt or' under a bargaining contract,. the· employee mu~t
the interpretation or implementation of th'e C~A or exhaust .. all·. the remedies ava"ilable under sucli
compan"y person.nel . P(?liCles includin'g voluntary_ contract.. The· court ·sho.uld no, entertain any

~019 SAN SEDA-LAW CENTRALIZED BAA OPERATIONS 187

 ."JURI-SJ>ICTI.O.N, AND REMEDIE·s
. ~ B~r;>A LAW'CENTRAllZED DAR .OPERATIONS- MEMORY AID 2019
,,
complaint by an aggrieved"employ~e until, proper arrived at after .the management and the. union
use has been -mace of the contract grievance through their respective representatives conducted
procedure agreed upon by. ~he employer and the negotiations. in accordance with the CSA (Octavio v,
bargaining representative: (2. AZUCENA, supre at PLDT, G.R.-No. ·1_75492, February.27,-2013).
537). ·. ... .
Elevation of Grievance to. Voluntary Arbi.tration· .
·.~xceptions: . . . All gri'evan~es· submitted to the grievance machinery
1. · Whe)1 the griev.ance machinery is.proverr to be . which are not 'settled within 7 calendar days from the
-Jneffective in the past; or · .... : · 'date of their- submission. for resolution should
2... When. the. partles inadvertently failed to ihc.ll:ide . automatically b.e 'referred to voluntary arbitration
a grieva_rice machinery provision hi their CBA (2 ~rescribed.in the' CBA (LA"BOR CODE, Art. 273}' ..
:A_ZUCENA,"sup_raat '[538):" '··. · .. .- · .,' .:
Note:' .-Only after.'· exhaustlnq -all·· the. internal· .
. Absence of Grievanc~..Machll,l~ry fo· t'he CBA . · procedure :and only after the lapse of the 7 calendar ·.
· 111 the absence.o'r- applicable pfovisi.6n in the CBA;" .a clay period · shoo Id unsettled:" or unadjusted
.grievanc~ cornrnitteeshall be created with1n·'1,0.days grievanc~s be automatically referred to. v.oluntary
from signing· of the- CBA.'_ The committee shall 'be '. arbitration · enunciated in · the CBA (CHAN,·
composed. of at least 2 rspresentatlves each from . REVIE,WER, s_upra 'at 7~2)...
· the· members of the· bargaih.ing unit 'and ··the ..=;;,;.--~-· . · . · · . . · · .·
· 'employer; ·unle~~- otherwise ·agree~ by th~p~!~s.·11J· ~rOf:~~!.!~ein Sub,mitting_ Unresolved Gri·eva~ces .·
The representatives from:among ~he m~p-i:ber~1~{Jhe ~- '. -J&.4-rbt_tr<1l1o~ · - · · ·· .,:
bargaining unit· shall be .·designate~(tR-(\l ~nj~":""-=~ ·q{{he{~~~[Tlay_serve. notice upon the other of ·
(!RR of LAB(?_R C_ODE,. Book V, f!u.lo/XIX.~J;::-17 as . . · -. . "''lts.'.'~-c:!s_i,9!'(."tp~ubmit..the i~sue to voluntary
= :;i1- ~~;?,';,1:'."',:.....,~~
amended ~y No. 40-~3):
. . .. . . . . tf-1,,..)'"j ,., .. '!I
Procedure m Handlin~ Gf1e~ance_l;',{ .:· .ff
~ene'rally, provisions of· t~~r cs¢. shall : appl~.J'~C
n:t /A . ·~r-
. ·. J.r: *
.dh'""-~~t1qp:1i~~~van~erernams unresqlv_ed.
.a°\l.. Note;-
~ T~h ,"'Flf:-, "t-. . . .
~.n.,0t1c1; 5;rould: . . .
· a. · ~tate tt:t.eQ_efsye~t_o be arbitrated~ and ·
:·
.
.·
,.
.

·· However, in tt.ie ·absence ofj~sfre'ijifjc privisi6'h-m--f,.-.-"""E>:-:-Be furni~ned_.to1the.NCMB, VA or panel of

tfie. C6A or .ex.is~ir\gc~~pan~~fae:~_~eptesc[ibiri~;fj>'t;~ I ·t:;__,~t<!JV' \f A_s des'lrfna~d/nt~': CB(1-. . · · . . . . . .
, the P,roe-edures m h_andhng _gn~Jn<ires,the follqw1@.Q~rrr~dIf P/f;:Y._up_o~f;--w~~")jl notice .1s _ser:ved· fails. or.
shall apply: · ·· ·J ~ t rJl:~: ~- . refy~}t.S-3lo.r'tSPQl'lcliiwithin ·7 da}'S.fron:neceipt
1'. _An· employee sha·11 pre.$.~ri.t,_~~;w.g):~~~ce ;.Or~ d'"' · .·tn7~~ yPj; /c;Jesig)iiated 'in f!Je CBA. sh'ould
. complf:!int <?~al!Y or !11 ~ritlt§1o'tli~ sh~q
... · (one ~f the union .?~~e!$)l{_{h~ f.a'f_\~r srt~li!J~e-tftf··
R~tqfit~~r.lt'~ en.cefvolunt'afyarbitration .. proceedings. . .
~/~\',S· .. -P ·. / · . . ,. . . · . · ·
·th~ facts _and _qet~rmme;.~sh_e~h-et~or ;f0_iftta~ 1, _f • BA,fb~s·il?fdes1gf!ale.particular JA; the·
.. · gn_evan~e 1s vah~.' , . ·: · . · ·. · "{_\'\-.....( ...~~\.~~~~ 1s. m~~tl9ted ·to call the parties and
,2. !f th~ 9:rll?Vance-,.1:s·vah~; ti,~ s ~P·S:ter~~''fi~l~p~ir:i~ YA. OJ:· p~n.el of. v~. 1oyh6: shall·
:1mmed1ately ~ring: the·· co,m'pla1R.f (~9i·'ffi~1'.'_. CPfll~.J-'>1hearb1.trat1on_proceedmgs.-. . . ·.
employee's fmmed_faf~ ._superviso'f:..~d..;s · op. "?tJ(_ l) -~i~: . · · .' · . · · · .
st~wc!rd, 1~e ·employee a,:id · his· ·fmi't-1 ·,1gJe · Ivl~. ~Jf;,p:a1fie:sfail to select·a·vA o(panel .of VA, the
. · · ·. ·su~rvisor: -~hail · ,exert : 13fforts ·_to settle·· f~~~ regional:tiran.ch o~ tt-ie 1',JCMB .shalldesign·ate.the.
. . · gr'iev?'nce.at thelr.level. ·. '. . . . ·· · _ _. . · . . · ·: --'iiA or parlel of VA;-~u6h de_sighatiqli shall'tiave
3: . · If no· s·e~tlementis rec!ched, ~th~ :grievar.ice _shall the .~ame··fQ~ce and ·ett~ct as· if the pa~i~s· have
.. ·be referred ·10 'the grievance committee .which · selected the VA themselves. .... · :· :
·· .shall have 10 days t.~-decJde the _c~ie (!RR pf . ?.
tA80R COPE, Book~V; .Rule ~(X:, Sec: 2;. as·. .~: Orice brouglil to voluntar{arbitratio.n, addifional
.. amendeclby·o.-Q. No. 40,:0$). · .. ·. ·. ·. · . · . issues other than the.·.grievance .itself ma~ be
~- . Where ·grievance remains . i.m"resolv~d •. either ... i:i,iised "(NCMB PrifrJer 'ori. 'Grif!Vancl;,' Machinery:
:. party" may serve:·. Mlle~~ upon trfe ot~~r ·pf_ its : .arid Volun'taryArbitration).. · · · · ·
d~cision _to submit -th~-· iss1.i'e-· to .volur:itary ·· . . . ·· .'-, ,.-· . . .· · · ,
-·arbitri3ti"9_ri ((IRR·of L.ABOR',COOE, B09k y';. Rule · Dir.ect Elevation of ·Grie'v.ance'toVA · .
· ·. Xl:K; Sec. 3, as'amended. by'D.0.-No. 40-0$), · :· :: General R'ule: Elevation. of.. an .i§sue- subject to·
.' . . . .. . .. ····grievance •' mi;ide ·.directly· ·to' voluntary arb.ttration
. Validity and' •.BlndJng Effe.ct· of De_clsio'ns.· of' .without c;oursing if tt:irougl),the grievanqe mact.iinery
. Grievance. Committee. . . . . under the CBA 'is P.rolJibited bydhe Labor Co'de (2
A metnbe:r°of the bargaining wiibn"who.brou·ght his AZU~E!"A, supra at-5:38).:· .· _;.. ·. ,· . . :-· ...
_grfevable issue for resolution by the Grievance ·,'
·.Coh11'\11ttee is·· bound by ·W..h.at.ever disposition the ~~epti'ons: . . .
.latter may render, Said -resolution ,is a prod,uct--of.the 1. -Estoppal, .either because' of failure .'to ,qu'estion-
grieyanee procedure outlin~d. in· their CBA. It "".85 the jurisdiction· of the ·'Labor Arbiter (Phili.J!lare

188 '2019 SAN BEbA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR.OPER(>.TIONS

·.-·.··
 •
JUR·ISDIC·TIQN AND REMED.IES
SAN BEDA LAW CENTflALIZED BAR_ OPERATIONS·-·MEMORY AID 2019 ..
IA
• W t+Mii?@AMN S u:z Sh
•
Voluntary Arbitration refers.·to the mode of·settling.
Shipping·& Equipment Supply, Inc. v. NLRC,
G.R. Np. 129764, Decemqer. 23, 1999), or by labor-management disputes by which the· parties
actively participating in the proceedings (Centra,J select a competent, trained and. impartial. person
Rangasinan Electric· Cooperative, Inc. · v. who shall decide oh "the- merits· of. the case and
Macaraeg, G:R. No: 145800, January 22, 2003). whose... decisions is. final,. executory ·- and
Upon· i;lgreement ··of the parties. ~~ :provide.d unappealable (NCMB. Procedural Guidelines· in the
under Art: 275 9f· the labor. Code (A'lipasok v. Conduct. of \iotuntar.yArbitration dated ·october 15,..
. . · RaC:lio Philippihes Network, G.R. No. 138094, 2904; RULE II, . Sec.1 (d)) [hereinafter., NCMB
.,t: · · · "-May .29, 2003). · · GUIDELINES).
tt~: . . \ .. · .
;~;- Note: Before ·a. party is allowed to seek the Volu~tary Arbitrator .~efer~ to: :(NORA)·· ·
,.:-;"· intervenfion of the·court, it is a precoriditiori that ·he . 1. · Any person Nam'ed or designated in the .CBAby
' . "should >have. availed . of. all the ·means ot the· parties .si.S their VA; · :, ·: · · · ·
~~: admini"stratfve ;proces~es 'afforded. him (Octavio· v. · · 2. . Qne chosen by "the parties· With or without the .
t· .PLOT.· ·G.R No." 175492; Fe_bruar-y'p, 2013). · . assistance of the NeMB, pursuant toa'selection .
. · procedure.agreed uponln the CB.A;"·:
· L~~-;t M~·i,ageme~t·c·ou~cil:(l.:,IVIC)v, "Gtievance ·3. ·one appointed by th~ !'JCMB in case. either of
· · Machinery· · the.· parties to· the · CBA Befus·es ·to submit to · :
~~!§·ij. ~-,·-~~~~~Im!
·:i:;·~·ij·
!'1. · · .voluntary arbltration; or · .· .. · . · .
11.1; ,;: :f'_ ,,<:'.°'.) 4. Any person. who: has been 8ccredited· by tlie· ·
'/ Ji NCMB as euch (NCMB GUIDELINES, RULE 11; :
·/~-,.<\;·· Sec. 1 (ej). · ·· · · : . · ',. ·,· · · <. .'
.( DL$!QdS of ~p_l;~mtary Afbitra.tors . . . ': . ··..• . .
'::· ;',1

:-
;,

t . · Created pursuant .to the Created t1'u_ri;~anJ.. t9 -2

· . . , ,, ';:-.·-'Jri . . ·
·;,/f.';':...:...:1:,_"-:~~tr.:ia.rjept._Arbjtr~lors

2·. Ad-~o~~ti~itrators
- those VA specifically .
named·9-npesignated in the'CBA by the parties; · ,
- tho~e VA ch_o~~n b_y-lhe
J. constitutional · . · . · (ight the .· tb&s11tut1ona_r, ~". part1~~f 'ri· · accordance. with the estabhsh~d
• gta~t~d ~-to;: wor.~ers·.. tq. rri~nq~te__f:~ ~0:2-;;.?ttfe l;{ . · procE;_§(u~~in\ the CBA .. or one· appointed by the
.r · · p:M!c.!pate_.in_. policy and pr,_f7;e~tia_l-_;us~·?~---· i;; \ :. ·. NCM,,B (rfM"l;J.GIJIDELINE;S, Rule II'. seo: 1(e)}.
decision-rriaklnq . . . . ve~o}?fY·~odes •. '':'' " I :'l. . . . j'--<-- .~....._:..JL · .... ·: . -, . . . . · .
processes. . of. • tlie seJtling<la6qr,:1~pute.§_;, t-·+. IVIIOIA'.!~-~~~'.!:l~~!rJJlent to. ··be ... Accredited as
· establlshmentwhere .they_ 'v'~-- ?=~--::';';
·are empl_oy~d. _ . · .. · -'<:::p8.J-'\;\ ]J.
er:;..'.'; t·'J ·
l',:, ·
Volunt~~~.:Q~.\~ator.:(~~·5~G) · ·.-.
1. _A f1hpmo c1t1ze_n res1dmg· 1.n.the f'>b11ippmes; ..
. ·.: ·

· · · ~~-; A ho_lde_r <;>fa-'~ach~lo~·sdec;Jr.e~_(tyCMB Revised_.

');.,,!•.(;_.] -~·Gttidelin~s in the·Acc((;!dit;;Jtionand_De-Lfstlngof
Prey_enfivem·easyre · . t.h.e.te·. isf¢re~.dW1~e·".:.'.'-~-"-':V&tb'~ryArbitra!ors, 8_(1)~; · . · ·. ·· . · .· · .
· occur.rencel. o~r~; a a
3. At leas.t ye!=lrS .of e~penence ·.in the field of
grfevarice,-"~;!ii:.:\ for · h')du.stria_l~elc:iti"o~s; . . · . .. . , . ·
. .. ·. ·.. : .adjudicatiq_n. ~ . :· · 4, · No _ pend(n~ cn_m1nal : c:;a.se 1~vo1y_mg,. ~oral ·
· · turp1~ude ·(NCMB · Revised Gwdelmes In the
-Accreditation, · De.:Accreditation i3hd De-Usting
. .
··~ of Voluntary Arbitfators,.. B:1," ..as·. ainend_ed.by
No·~djudici}tory power ... .Has.·.' :-=ttie· . · po~er · · to
· adjydi~te and. resolve Resolutton N.o. 1, series.of 201-7); and · .. ·
..... grie"'.ances: · ~ · 5, Corrtpletion.. of -training on ..Voluntary ·arbitration
· · conducted· .by "the . N"cMB . (NCMB Re'vised
. · ART1cLe. 274: JuR1soicT10N·'oi= voi.:.uN.tARv
in
. -· G·uidelines the Aecreditationand De-Osting of .

; ·. ~:~':!~.~:t _QR. P-~_Ei- ·-oF \ioLiJNTARY

VoluntaryArbitrators;·B (3)): ' .

:V~luntary· Ar6itratc>1'as: Qu~si~t,1di~ial Agef!¢Y.

A Voluntary Arbitrator, .whether a~ting ·{ol~ly or in ·a .
·-VOLUNTARY ARBrI:BATION. · pari~I. enjoys_.the status of a .quasFjudfcial agency . ·
Co1_11pplsoi'y_ 'Arbitration· i_s .the pro9es.s.· of· . (Luzon- Deve1opment Bank v. "A$s6ciation pf l,..uzon.
.
-: .
selt)e1J1ent ,.of la.bor-. disputes by a- governmer.it De.ve/oprrient Bank Empioyees, G.R. No.' 120319;
agency which has the authority to invei:ltigate and· (?ctober 6;·1'995): ·
· · make award binding 'on all the parties. Under the ·.
·. Labor Code, it is the Labor Arbiter who· is ·clothed · Voluntar.y Arbitrator v. IY.ledjator
J: · with .t~-~ · authorlty to (?6ndact _compul~ory arbi.tra"tiQn ·A medlafor is a disinterested third -party-who helps
on cases··involving term.inatiori disputes (PH Airlfnes,." · . setfie .disputes !nvo"lving ierms, and· i::onditjons ofa ·
. . . Inc. . v. NLR.C,
. G,R.
. No.
. . 55159,. . December
. . 22, 1.989).
.
. C.~A. ·He is assign~d-and paid"by the· $tale and is not
. . .

2019 SAN BEDA LAW"C:ENTRALIZED ~AR OPERATIONS 189

 .. ·:~ ·,& · .JURJSDICTION AND .. REMEDI.ES.
~~A- . . SAN B£DA: LAW C/;1'/TRALIZ£0 BAR.OPERAT/ON_S- MEMOflY·Af0,2019
\t,~ ~~1dii.PYSMi . »uomore SbiiRiF+ FIR _ES §Htf04MMiMHAY¥& a,g,a w res,,M

selected' by the parties. He renders no final and 3. All Wage· distortion is~ues arising from the
biriding decision, but . rTJerely SlJgg'e'sts solutions. application. of . wage . orders .in organized .
.
. · establishments;·and .
Voluntary arbitrators have no tenure of office a11d . 4 .. All ... unresolved ·grievances ·arising· .fr<:>m the
. are not politically appointed or elected, Their primary · interpretatic;m and. implementaUon of . the
function is to provide for .a process. for the orderly .fr09uctivity incentive prpgra·ms under RA 6971
·disposition ofdisputes and a foundation-for'statile' (NCMB GUIDELINES;Rule ,v,··sec. 1). . .
labor~management relations (CHAN, Reviewer, ·
._supra, at 780). · · · · . ·N~te: Productivlty incentive program . refers
.to a formal'agreement voluntarlly.established by
DUTIES .ANO POWERS OF A VOl,.U~TARY the labor-management.committee containlnq a
ARl;UT.RATOR · productivity Jmprovement .proqrarn: that :wm ·
Duties · pr<;>tnote. gainful emplcyment, improve wcirki!lg
1, . Duty to Conciliate and· Mediate . .. 'conditions', maintain industrial peace and result
· 'The arbitrator shall exert best. efforts. or mediate in increased productivity: inc.ludi.rig costsavlnqs,
', · to . ald .the .parties in _reachin·g: :!=! .voluntary .· .. as well a"s a p/oc:j1,1ctivity.gain sharing proqrarn-
. · settlement of the dispute, .before.' proceeding, , . ·:·(NCMB;GVIDELINE$,.RuleJl,.Sec. 1. (m)).
with arbltration .(NCMB GUIDELlNES, Rule V, J • d.• t' .. f v , t . · A b:; · · ·· · 2
Sec: 1). · ' ... . . ·;.. · '. _....=-.,c.·.:, uqs IC ion .. o . o1 un ~ry ~r 1trnt9r.s: (.U VO··
2. Du.tyto .Encouraqe the Parties to Entel"''iiilo 1(
Stlpulatio_n of .Facts. . .·-. /7 ~\_ · ~~
T ru~J~ . . .. .
J-~.f:1-R,f~QJVe? . gp1::var;ice.s ~ns1~g
.:· .
frorr-i . the
The .arbitrator shall encourage ~fli(Parti~s.i·:!g.==--.ii:,~ ~ 'iJcef1?fefatipn or- implementation ~f .. th.e CSA
enter lnto a stipulation of fa,9~to 'fc!1!itcf~- a,' . · ~~B..,QFt9.~,jf,~rt. 274);, . . . .
speedy disposition of casesfstfdtt._~~~-eJ?,§rtJe~-2.---.,.~.¥n(e~)¥e.'~ >1grievances ansing from the
fail to reach a voluntarylf;teJtl~m~ht,1NC.MfiJ. ""jr·. ..r'iitefpretal!_~\'\t en:orce~~rit · of company

Powers
, _. . ' . . . ¥r. . . ,.(. . . : . , .
GUIDELINES,Rule V, se'i:.iJ~~)/f. ·:

. 1~.·-=,,. 4 · t
·Jr)·~ Y{ P~r.sp.~nE!~g'tic1e\_(LABO~ COf?E, Art: 27:J,); .
!:¢''\ ::3'. . YrolctJ.ions f{'f rt~~ ti;BA-wh!Ch. are ~ot g~o~s m
~L'%~J;iar.ic.ter (~fi!O'kf;.ODE_, Art. 274),
.The voluntary arbitrato.r s~al.~~{~ tlie \olldwJlih J:', t.:-4:i!~·~he~ labor\ ~is'ff~J'.rs,. (ncludi.ng ·u'nfair. Jabor
powers,-(RSTJ) ~A.kit . .- - .'\ , {1:-f'.~-~praiice_sa!i1-'t1.._.~~ga_,.rnng. deadlocks1.. upon
1. Bequi~e any ~erson to a~tenei._~~?ri01f@)\_(::., ~:'.~-- a~:,"·~f';l~ <t;f the P,jlrtres. (LAB?~ CODE,. Art.
2:. · §.1;1bpo,ena witnesses a~.dr r,~~~iveY.{!Pc;;y1'.l'l~nt~ , · • ~7-. ~!0:o/. II ~;f ·[r · · . . ·. . .
~ whe_n the following have ~een-'a~.p;oriSfr;,i~~:;·7 1~ ~~
· a. R~leyance of the testi!;J:19ny; a\i~ \~~~~~- 'Q,,,.,. ,. "' l::at,~-~
1 7· .e;J'. d_!sJ?rt,~l-V.v'.~sl,!e~.. ansrng _from ·· the
of#.. . any wage . orders
. b. . Materiality .of th~ te~tinl~}:IY· ·\ . ~ ~ · ~/. . !}_2_fQan!f_ed.e~t~hsh';lents.. , (L~BOR. 9-_0D_E,
3. Take whatever aetlon ,s ne\essary\~ re~v:e..,, , · :..:tl:'.~· .1J,4'J, J< · . · ,. , .·
th!,) issue(s) su~ject ot'the·disp):lte; an9·;,~~-~~~'~_..;Q~eso~~,1gnev~l)~es . !'1ns~ng_- . fr?rn , the
4 .. !ssu_e a writ of execution . t~l\..e'Afo~;..J[~t!'~""~~"'~·~~r;p~~lt~-t~ · · · an? . ~plementat,on . of._: the
. dec.isions, and, in· con11.ection ther~i!pJVS~all .-,. /ft. . .~t~J0~~.!;.v.1fylhcen,t,'l(e r-rogra~s under R.A. No_.
be hi~ duty to: (DICE) ·, . . . , . ~':: · l\i 1e..:.~6~~(R".1'· No. 697_1, Sec .. _9)., and ·
a. Qetermine every question o.f. faet a~~~~~l'l_t~onalu:i.teresJ.ca.s;~s(1.-AfJ()R CpDE, Art. 278
.. which may bednvolv.ed hti.,e -exe~ution; . . _::_(g)). .· . .
b.. lntjuii:e into the correctn'ess of fbe,executio'n· . · · .' .,· N_.9te: The .:Vblun.'t.ary _Ar.bitrators ,h.ave 'o.riglnai: an,d
of.the 'decision; •. . . .
·
·' : .
: e?,<clusi\ie:jµriSdlctlon OVefinoney c!~ims arising ·from
.c. £onsid~r any . supervening .·even~ · during· .· · the .interpreta.tion ·or irnplenient~tion of the. CSA and;
such-execution; and'· . . .... '> . ithose arising from ttie intel'prefatiorfor enforcement.'
d. gnsure: satisfactioii· of-.· deci&i~n·. (NCMB. , . of company personnel policies (LABOR CODE, Art.
. Gl.,J.JDELI~~~·Rule V, Seo.'3). ?74): ·_- " ... : . . ·. , _ '. : . ,
JURISDICTION 'OF VOLUN.TARY AR!31TRAT.O.R .. Vipl~tiQri,S of .CSA·,-extept thos_e.:whichare'gro::is io
·Ex~JLisive and.. Origin·a1 Jurisdiction·. . ·· . · . character, shall no longer:be:tr~ated as):JLP a.nd.
.' · ·The Voluntary arQifrator shall exercise exclusive c:tnd shall' be.resolved .as grievances -(?AZUQENA;·
. o_riginal jurisdiction over:c?ses involving: (CP.-WP) . s.upra, at 551). . . . . . .
.' ~, All · unresolyed grievance~ arising· from the
· interpretation'or implementation of.~BA;_ . ' ~e{e_rr~l'tp Voluntary_A~bltrato.rs· . . .
. 2. All . unresolve.cl ·grievances :arising · trom .the 1.·. ·All~ gri.evance~ not settled· 'or r~solved within
irnp!emenfation . or. enforcement· "of ·company · seven.cale.ndardays frorn date of submission for
personnel folicies; · · resolu,ion shall automali~lly ·tie referred . to
volt.mia.ry arbitr~tic;>~; ..

·~:·.
190 I 2019 SAN B~DA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR.OPERATIONS
 • • @ • • • • ,. ' F

2. Cases falling within the exclusive· ~n~-- .original Unresolved Grlevan~es

jurisdiction of voluntary arbitrators but filed either Grievance.is unresolved when:
with NLRC . and·· its regional_ -btanche~: o_r the 1. A decisiorr.or resolution was rendered thereon
Regio"nal Qir~ctor.s of DOLE or. 'with the Bo?_rd throuqh the various steps of the. grievance
and -its .branch.es, sha11· be·. decided .. by · the '. machinery 'and eilhe·r- or both parties ls/are not
Voluntary Arbitrators upon referral of said cases .. satisfied; or· ·. ··
pursuant 19 Article 274, pl:lr. :t oi the Labor· Ce>tle :·2. No action at all was taken thereon within 7 days ·
(NCMEf GUIDELINES, Rule IV,. Se'c .. _1; pars. 2 from its submission for resolution to the last step·
and'3). · . · ,· . ofthe grievance (Omnil)us Rules Jmplem~nting
the Labor Code,.RUL~XIX, Sec: 3). '
.concurrent .Jurledlction .. ,
The· Voluntary Arbitrator, upon agreement of the . · Violations of CBA ·
parties, shalt" also. hear .arid decide aJf. other. labor ·ordihary violations of a. CBA which involves non-

I
·. disputes includiilg ULP .and bargaining deadlocks. : . economic previsions. and violatlon ·of economic:
;- . · Before or· at -arw .staqe of compulsory .arbltration provlsfons which are ·not gross . in character are.
'a-
·. 'orocees. parties to labor "dispute 'may agree to grieva_bl~ issues '(LABOR-CODE, Ar.t. 274). . .
~· submit .their case to Volunfary Arbitrator (NCMB . · Note: Gross· violatio~ ls a flagrant-and/or mallcious
i. GUJD~UNE_S, Rule IV, Sec. 2): .·. . . . refusal to corn.ply with ttie economic provisions of th~
~ .Jurlsdlctlon _by· Agree~ent ofth~·Parties . ,...:'''\ . _'(?BA "(LA_BOR COPE_: Arl. _274).· . .
r-· The disputes _that the_ pa.riles-'. ~ay submit -~~1,~~~~{[;. Wb~n_ Jurisdicti~n is E~~rcised_ . . . ·.
~i:. v_oluntary Ar~itrat~~- can mclud_e. any: or. ~ll,r.t:!1S.:{;.,..<·rJ _The Voluntary Arbitrator shall 'exercise jurisdiction:
:. . disputes mentrqn?d 1~ ~- _2~4 which othe~s~Jg}f:" i't; (SN.A) - . ·
• under the exclusive 1uns~1~t1on of:a. Labor ~t~f.\~ i .. ;~,:r."':Qpon ri=~eipt of. a §.ubmission agreement duly
~ (LABOR CODE, Art. ?74). . ,/,-:{,'/ t\1ir~·).:!..:.~tJ:s_;~.M~l!?J(bot~ partles; . . . .: . ·.
. .· ·· · . · ', ,1~<;:.,,/ :., l 2. · Upon ..r~9,~ipt' of the ·Notice. to arbitrate 'when
R.1ghts Disputes ·. . < ./. ~ . . .,.: -~- .i ·
there 1s'ref~sal from one party; or ·
These. are di~pJJtes which cb'nte_m'pla~{~~-~:.~:i~t~_i:i1e1<"t_,. 3. Upon gt~Jii~f
of. an ~pointm~nUdesignation as
of a CBA alr.eady concluded or!-,,1~,a~}\-[c{f~. a
situation in .w,liich1)0 effort is rn~c;le.-to brii~·a5out -~-- ·
~i
clC
f volunfa~farojtratorby -the board in either of the
follmfo.ingS . '. . . ·,, · ·· . .
formal c~an~e ir_i its term_s,?f."1~-f~~a.t!'~'-
-(NCMB Pnm_er . ~n . ~nevaq_'j~
Volunt~ry.Arblfrat,on_)... . . . ~- 'l~
Mtl~!~,ry ~? ·, ~;{ · . -: ·
neY" on~,'\1
~,1_. · '. !11·
~"'.i~be,~P.~~M.:fail te;se!ect an ~ro.itrat?r; or
. b~~fli,l:l'~~~-\:i~~ceof a name9 ar~1trat"or in CBA
Jh~thl3:party upon whqm. the· nc;>~ic<:· to
- . . .· ·
.lnt~res~ D,lsp.ute.s· _. . ·
,·.-"~.rf'\.f~ fl ·
~· ·1-., · . J!.i ..
ri/ ai:bltrate .IS' -served -does not- reply ~.1thm 7
· }··~~':"'.".~- eays"_fron:, 'the.reC:eipt of such.notic.e (NCMB ·
These are ·d1spytes ov_e~ the ·formatro_§;pf:'.--¢.o!le~,~v! ......... · ,:i:.~" ..;,
tf~t...G.1.JIDELINES, Rule IV, sec. 4).
a_gi:een:ients ~t ·efforts tc;> secure fl1e.rn(They ·'c;l.n,~e--....,..o::.;i,t!L....,..,'.!Z'l!..l.i~:I . · . ' · . . ·
·
· .
wh~re there 15: no··st.1chagreern~n_t ~r:(w~e~~~·,s . t:,lumber of Arbitr'ato_r~ · ·· - .
sought .to. c~ang.1;3_ tt,e t1rrms_ of .~ne~Jarg3mmg If the. CBA -does ··not spe_cify -the· .number. of
deadlocks .are ofteri r¢_ferre_d)o as inter~~f'disp,ut~.~ -arbitrators, the case shall.b·e heard and resolve.Q by·.
(N,Cfv!E} · Prim.er_.:on G_rieva,:,ce- • .M,ichineiy and ·a sole arbitrator (NCMB'GUIPEL1NE$, Rule /V,Sec.
v_o1u~tary ~rb,_trat,on). . . · · :.- . · . .- ,. · .· 3) ... _.. . . .:.. ·

N-~te: ·_-fermii1atlon.di.spute is·not. a \~rievabl~ is~u~~ ·' .Sub.mission: . ~greement... refers t9 . a· w~itten ·..
hence, gr.ievance· ; machinery.. and: voluntijry·. agreement by the p~rtie~'submitt1ng_ their·case for.
. ~i-biti:ator& 'have . no jurisdiq.tior:i over . this . issue, arbitra.tion cor'itaining the issu~s. the · ,.chosen
.unless the ··union" anq _the C9111P.!'lny ,:i,igree that· . . arbitratorand :s,tip(Jla!ionto 'abide q.y a·n·d¢.ofnply:With_
ter-m.inalion di~pute fall un·d~r the Jurtsdictio.n·of the the resolution including the,coshjf arbit~ation· (NCMB
volunfory arbiter. (L.andtex.fndustrias v. CA,.G_:R. _No. GUIDELINES, Rule.-//, Sec. 1 (i)).. . · · . . .
15£J278, A1:ig1.1st 9, 2007). . · . ;_ . . . . . . ; ·. " . t. ~ :·
. : . .
Note: T.he Submission Agreement .shall contain:
Qnly ,;is~~tes ir:iv~lv_ing·the uni~~ ~~~ ttle compa~~ . (P,ANASJ . . . . .: . . .
shall b·e referred to g'rievan_ce machinery or voh,mtary 1. · T.l:le names, addresses and contact-riumbe~S of·
. arbitrators: The·.right pf any employee.or.'.group of the E:arties;... ··. · : . :· ·
· empiqyees to, at any .time,. pre~ent grievances to the 2. · The agree·ment to submit te ~rbitration:.-
· employer does not im_ply ttie right tp-sul5111it the same .. 3·. 'ihe ·Name of the arbitrator; . .. :
to '"volun'ta"r.y arbitr~tion . (Tabigae· :V, lntetnation_al 4. , The Agreement to:· pert'cirr'rr or abide .. by . the
'Copra·-E~porl Corp., G.R. No. 183335, .D,ecember . decision: and . · · '.. ·· . . ·: ·
23,-i00.9), 5. The §pacific issue/s .to be. ·arbitrated (NCMB. ·
GUIDELINES, Rule JI(, Sec .. SJ.

2019 SAN !3EDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS..I ' 191.

 M ij
••
JURJSDICTION A.N.D·-·REMEDl·ES.
. .SAN BEDA LAWC£/'ITRALIZED8/\R OPERATIONS..,M£MORY.AID w.19 ·- .
. ¥ . ¥Ni SifliriM$1'1NHMMI ff i«MWWiMWNW+iffiASM

Notice to "Arbitrate refers to a formal demand made The well-entrenched rule is that when a case· does
by one party to "the .other. for the arbitration of. a not involve the. parties to a CSA - the emplpyer and
. particular.dispute in case· of refus·a1 of·one party in a ttie b~rgaining uniQri - it is not· subject to voluntary
CBA to .submit te arbitration (NCMB GI.JIDELINES, ar_bitration. . While an· indiv,i~ual · or . group ·.·of.
~ule JI, Sec:. 1 (ij). · · · · employees, withc:,ut-the·p~rt.icipation_of the uniori; are·
· . grantE!"O the right to bring grievance .directly to the
The· Notice· to Arbitrate -should .contaln the employer, they cannot-submit the same grievar:ici;l, if
following: (NASRI) · . · . . unresolved_~Y the employer; fc;,r v,oluntary ?ibitratiorf
1. Names, addresses and· contact numbers _ot the. . witho_u~ the union's l:lpproval ~mq· pa_~icipatioh. The
· party upon whom the notlce is made; , rea§on i~ that it is the. union which ·is the pc;irty to the .
. 2.. ~rbitr.~tion clause of the CBA; · CB~; and. not the: individu_al or groJp_ 9t·erriployees .
· 3.. .§.peeific lssue/s to be.arbitrated; . JTabigue v. lntemationa( Copra Export·Corp.,-·G.R. ·
·4. . Be.lief sought; ··· . · No. 183335, Dec~mber 23, 2009). . ·.. . . . ·.
5. ': Name;· address.i.and contact-numbers of party
. [nltiatinq the· arbltratlon ·(NCMB GUIDELINES, PLEADINGS ANO. APPEARANCE.
-Ru/es'Jv,· Sec,]).. · . . : Where.to File Ple·adlngs .
· · · ·· · · · Pleadlnqs _Shall- be fiJep directly with :the chosen ·
· Condltlons in: ArbiJraliQn: ~f-)rough ·N.otice · to. v0luhta:·Y arbitrator at _his. oes(gnated. busin~~s-·or
Arbitrate: (~UR),· . . · . .- · . ><-"''---===;=~~ess1onal_qffice .copy ·:furn!s~ed: t~e - Re~w:mal
_ 1. _ gxhaustJoh of th~ gnevan_ce procedar~~""'""';.,,-- . 1r
2. _Gr!evance rem13n:is-Qnresolve_d; an.¥.,.. f~.
J'
(.. .
~~ai'rtslt\._~pf the Board _h_avmg jurisdiction over, the ·
Jw0~pta~f,-!~ecomplainant (N(;MB_GUIDELINES;
3.. _Be~usa! from one· party to sub"I9i"C\~v9IW:nt~;EY=.-_..--=r.;,;-~.,f'/, SVec,,.11).'-
. ., . - . .
arbltration. (NCMB .GUIDELIN5~ Rulfl-j)f,;,1Sec. . . -"'~~-'' p~".\, ·
· 6). . . - · -..-.: j' '{_J /~ ~-·~cS~!ce"'l-qt_xop_i~~f Pleadinqs . ·
· ·. .fr, , ··/' ('"". · · ·if"' . .J.ti.e ci))'.}yon:co~~6f the-·pleadings shall be served
Procedure: · . .f •·',,},_?,,/ ,f · IP> ~\ J{" · th~l opP,?l?,in'g~far'ty . or parties (NCMB
1. · A notlee to arbitrate sha,11 be· s~'fve_d ~poli the -f!..~ GUIDEL~f ES;'fiJ,t)J1IJ;r;$ec. ·3). ·
· -unwrnin"g party copy tufMs~//the p~rmanE;'!(t- ·Jlr~-:-. --~ . · ) . ·-"·-~ i
· arbitrator · and . !'JCM_B ~1igferif'l!Y brancJ\ ((1{6':&B·";!, • lj·.~~_l;Y.IC_e_,P.f:Pteai;!1~gs,.f[if otice~ ~.nd A~ar~s
.. · ,. · ...
. GU/DEUN~S. Rule fV,_.$1:.~:.->B.ijt)),:.
2: Arter lapse, o.f 7_ day pen~,d'.'fr{>qi!'rec~~\~~h~~:~~11by
} ,1_0rL.';~r .~optsn:1aY.-~~~~t.ed ~hro.ug.h personal service
r~!JIP!.jfed.;l!1a1I_ ohi .the parties. If reprei;ented
~_·;1!.'~f.
.

the p~r:mai:ient ~rbitrator.. ,~h\11 ·. l~~e~IY\";f/ · -co3.?n,,~serr,1~~.•~ti~uld_ be made to the_ la~ter-

commence: arbitration i.pr.Jfct~ings.O~t:Z."M~J . f
J;;M l!J/IDEJJ-INE~; ul~ Ill!:Sec. 4},- · - .
GUIDsLINES,_ Rule ,v; s\. o '\.~f"'"~
(2)A. _-
· 3. In the absence· of perma.x1ent ·a"?.t;,itratOi:_,/t~""->~P'' ~e~ o~~,1ons_ . . . .
.R~-fi~tat:#.·. ·t: ..
. . . : . -~
. . . . .
NCM~ st,alf" appoint a< -V'~l\,J_ntary~;~bif.r~!'~lfrt(~s m<ir-P~_~so~al y appear m th~ir own b~h.alf_or.
. (NCMB GUIDELINES Rule IV•,Sec. 6·(2l:l..~[~eA,rp_s'e.i;i~a.ti.~~-~he must·~~ duly .a1,1thonze~ ~o.
_: .. ' . . . ·,-J'inh~...,,.=-~~P~J:~~ ~l'l~!f9·0r a--Pr_ii1cll_c!ng attqrney-at-law.
Contents of-N.otice to Arbitrate:
1. ·-Belief S(?Ught; . · .
(RAl~~?o-r ~-.J\r,{!/~W~...
· ,~
/i'!f'-~!J'1~!~-~~dclress of . ~ounsel .. ~ha]I · be made of
J.1~<;1- th~ p~rty: _prop~r!y 1nforme~. (NCMB
2 .. · Arbitratibn claw;;e of CBA; · · · - . · -..-=..,.G1JfDEL/NE$,~ule Ill, Sec. 5). . ·, .
'_ .. 3:_. Spe"cific.!ssues.or,cfispqtes; . Limit1tion:o~ Authority to Bind-Party . . . . :
4. ·, Name, ·.~ddress, and toAtact nvmbers, _of. the · Attorney· ahd ·9ftier: represer;itativ<;1s:·of _p_arties st:iai(
initiating ·party-requesting arbiti:ati~n; and . . btf j::,resu"med to h~v~ the full authority _tci""bind :their
. ·:5. Names, addr.E3SS-'a_ndcor.itact detafls .of the· party·.. . - . clieiits of'..princ:ipals in all .matters of.procedure; but .
up9n · whom·.: · notic;e· : i~ · . made.- · (NCMB . · a
. · thl;ly cEmnot,=.without specic1I power of atto"rriey or
~UIDELINES;·Rule-,V, Sec. 7). · · . expr.essed ·consent, _ ~nter ."into·. a con1pfo_mise .
· ·· · ag_reenient with 111.e· opposing pai:,ty .. :in full· or partial
. EFFECT OF MERGER AND CONSOUDATION :· a:.
'.. . . . di~ct:i.arg~ of c!ient'~ ·o{'"prin~ipal's claim .:(NC.MB:.
.: Wiley poctrii:ie · ·- · · .·. · · ·· . · .· :
. GU/DELIN~S,Rule·(II, -Sec. _6).. · ·. · · • ,
The dl!ty,.to·arbiti"ate arising frpm· a c_sA·suiyives.the
employer's ceasing .to do. bVsiness as ·a ,se'p-arate··. PROCEEDINGS VOLUNTARY._.
entity after i_ts '.merger. witt) ·a, substantiai!y large. . ARBITRAT.OR ·
.. ~orporatjon,' so as ·10 be,. bindiCig on. tfie ·l~_rger N1:1ture'· .
~· · .corporation, where· relevc;1_nt similarity and, continuity · ·. P·r,oceedrngs·. are non-litigious ·in nature anq not
qf · operations· across the ~hange. in . ow.nerst)ip is gbvemed· b.Y technical rules ~pplicable to _c.ourt.-or
.. evidenced by the wholesale transfer. of smaller judicial . proceepings , but must c_omply with the
· cotporation1s emplo_yee~r to· the larger .corporation'.s r~u_irements 'of duei"j:>rocess (NCM8 GUIDELINES;·.
plant (2 AZUCENA,. sup~· 11 p." 533). . F?u1e:v,,.·se.c. 1). · · · · · ·

.192 201!3 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPE.~TlONS

 Ii
.JURl'SDICTION. A·Nb-RE.MED-IES.
SA1,(BEDA 1,AWCE',NmA(IZED BAROPERAT(ONS - ME~ORY·A/0 2019 ._ . .
.-;~I
-~( . ~!'=(
1~. ·Pll:"'E1$1f81! Wril hit fiMMM\IMP/iNM . . f'it!Hi9k'5 Mlhi-lMl#fXIMPl1iM45NA ti iiWQBiliiRMtJC- dfi'tllJ.,:;;: ~

{ Setting of lnltialOonferenee: Notice to Parties . 4. In tl)'e.event that the' parties finally settle their
:· Within 2 days . from .. receipt of· tfie · Sub.mission .dtspute during the· pendency of the arbitration
l·
6'~_-
Ag'reement:Notice to Arbitrate or-Appointment, the . proceedings, the terms orsettlement shall be
Voluntary Arbitrator shall set the date, . time- and reduced into writing and shall be adopted as the
,: place of the initial conference with due 'notice to the . decision df the arbitrator (NCMB GUIDELINES;
li,l': parties (NCMB GUIDELINES,Rule Vl,.Sec. 2).· Rule VII, Sec. 4) ..
if:'. . ' .- . . .
{. · 1nitfal Conference' · · ·. Motion for Reconsideration. is allowed·
,l· 1. - . Parties ·shall be encouraged to explore afl.. · Voluntary, Arbitrator's .decision . may still be
t· : possible· means· of effecting a settlement reconsidered on the basis . of a motlon for
,;;._ 2. If parties· arrive · af an. aqreernent, jt shall b'e. reconsideration seasonably filed within 10 day.sfrom .
~:.. · reduced in ·~riling _and signed' by. the parties .receipt thereof, .The seasonabteflllnq of a motion for
;_. · before the Voluntary.Aibltrator, and reconsideration is· "a · mandatory requirement to
;, · 3. The agreement shall :form. part· of the decision foresta.(l'the finality of such decislon. · .
t. .
(NOMB G_U~DELINEs: Rufe YI, ·sec. 3). . . . . · · ·
. _ .The: obvious intent of CorJ9ress i~. to provide .an
fi.f·· ·Effect pf No)'\·Ap.;earance. . . opportumty for the, party adversely affected by the
f For rron-appeararice of either ·.pa('lles for two .Voluritacy_Arbitrator's·'decision·to seek recourse.. via
~,, consecutive conferences, despite· due: notice, the . . . · a·.m~tion for reconsideration or -,a p~titi_on for -review ·
·•. - Voluntary Arbitrator shall terminate the· conference~/ un~~r. Rule ~3 °.f the Rl!Jes of <?ourt '.'led .~ith the CA: . .
_!3nd issue an order requiring parties. to submit.tl)~\fr·Y'if . lndeed, _ a motion .for. re~onstd~ratron· is, the_ m?re
p~iti?n papers ~ith.in_ 10 calendar'da~s from re~ 3JJ').v;(;,~. appr.op.r~ate re!l"'ed~. 1_n. hn_e. with. th~ doctrine of
of s?i,_d order.; 'otherwise, the case w,11 ..be.'d«:,~r.:r;ie.?,~; . ..:,,:\ _exhaustion of. adm1rnstr~t1',!e_ remedies .(Teng v.
submitted .
for.
.,.
decision
. ,
based on available
·.
record!;lon
.I f'-''
., ,·,11•/
..
Pahagac, G:R.
rr•·rf"Y...._ ,.-.., No,. 169704,
. November
. 17, 2P10)
. ..
fife (NCMB.G,q_JD_EUNE~,.Rule VI,. Sec.?/ ~{;;r;:::~.:e'xE~;fP P~O<?EEDl~GS : .
Submission of Position Papers(-"~d other-\:
Pleadin .. · .· . . . y .~ · :In~n!orceme~!,P1
\:(~ d. , _
J~l · Deci_s,on . · · ··
,-1~stancep[f'l rion~~omphance by . either or both
5
!-·~ _parti~.s-. a)ifo;t1.?\ t<_? .enfo~ce/~~ecute the awar~_ma_y
Positioriiapers s~ail cover: (SINSj .,,.~ ;.,J:;:::-:.i· .,.,•.
l · be fi\ed ";f~ t~~e·v.~lunt;;uy,arbitrator ~ho may issue
1. Simplified issues.-during·the)l)ill~-1cof\!er-El"Ace·:
2. issues a'nd :causes of. Ji:cti9n· ii6,isect' in th~··,,· ':· ·.

3.
-submission·agreem.ent;
- , · . t·,,,.if ~,}~
· · ,.,_
·~-""; ·
· · ,••
,:i,
a wnt o~,exe5. tiof\'e~~!nng the follow1ng persons to
exequte[the.Jt atde01s1on· (NCP)
1 · st.i -,~--Jt~ t(ti· ".;;·''F{o' :. .
'

~~~li:·t:/;~~rate· 0! ap_p~i'~~~~~1}~~1unt~}l·i: f~ . Z: · . Sh~rt{}lr.ei~kr$~.~rts;_or . _- · . · . . ·

. ' -
. I t" ff t INCM'B GJ~,.,~LIN""r R /(I 11• • 3.. Any. fubhc official -Wt\om the parties _may
' . u.,., \ : .,:,,
.,, ' u e;' ~,w.•';;.:}~
Sttpu
4 . . VI a ton.
Sec -'a) o' . ac s '1• . ['L · d,!::_51gna
· t ·
e. In th eir.
· · · SUb m1ss1on
· .. · ·
agreement'
·.- ' . . . · . : - · . '. ·- .· ,.;r:1!-- .. t!;~if~J._~Ji!3
~;:;_,-;r.t GU/DELINfS,,Ru(e VIII, .sec. 1).: · ..
·oEC:l~JON: . · ... · .· : . : _ . . :t;r ~ : .ff'd : : . ·. Note: ln t~e. ati_sence'ofthe VA or his incapacity, the
Dec1~1on .•s. µie final arb1tr.31 ~1spos11loq(~~~.ue/s ·. ·. motion _$hall be filed\vithth·e· LA in 'the region having
..~ . . .subm~tt~d t~ v<?.luntary ~:~r~1tt_ati.~~· I~ ~ay ._faKe ~h~~.. jurisdiction over.· ·:the. wOrkpiace · ((NCMB
~ft' · form ~~- a ~1sc:mssal of -a c1.a,m. o~ ~~ant of specific. (;_LJIDEL1NES,'Rule li!ll, Sec. 1) ·
tf ·· reme9y, ·e,ther · by· way of proh1b1tion or: specific·._ · ·

·.:_·.
pel:formance (NC"'1£r GUIDELINES; Rule· VII, Sec. :.Ag~rie.v~d·party ·may file a -pe_titiqn for contempt or
f'.· 1).. · · ' imposition of fines· ~rid .penalties .ag?inst the non-. .
csoem_c.p11y)i.l1
.. 9_.. p.ar'ties. (NCMB ~UfDELINES,Rule· Vill, -

i
~--
·Rules on Decisions · · ·.

in nO' ·case·· to .exceed.

.
1 '. 1.t shall be rendered·within ttie p'i_~ri.od agreed.but'
fu . . . · ·. zo.
calend~r days· tram
- sub1T1ission .(NCM,B_ ~U/DEL/Nf;S,.f~ule.. Vil; ·
'.f'h~ deci_sion or" .
tne L,abor Arbiter rei.r:istating.. a
· 9iSmissed . or· separ~t~d employee,'· insofar as th~
r,·· Sec. 2); . · , . . : ·. · . . · . . . reinstaternen't. aspect' . Is. ':concerned. shall
i. 2 It shall be· fina(and e~ecutory atte.r., 1 O ~aier:idar immediately._b.e executory, even pending'. a'ppeal.
ti·
1·:
· ··days from. re_ceipt of copy of the- decis.fon· by. . . The reinstatement ·qrder by .the Voh.infary Arbitrator
_·-:. · parties (NCfvfB GUIDELINES, 'f?ufe V/11 S(lc. p}; · · .. should have the. sam~ auth.ority, force; a.nd effect as·
3. . Fajh:ir~.,. tq render decision: .without ·justifiable· that of th~ reinstatement order by.the.lab'or Arbiter
1;·.: ·
t_.
gr9unds shall · b1;3' si.cfficier:it. ground for
· disciplinary a~tiori upon- verified complaint of a
not only to encou'rage parties to' se.ttte.thejr di,sp,utes
through. this·. mode; but .also,. and more impprtant1y;
I~-· party to· t)1e case_ (NCMB· GUIQELfNES,Rule to -enforce the .constitutional mandate to protect
f:-: VII, Sec;·:3); and· · .labor, t9 provi<:le secur.ity o.f tenure, at'ld to enhanee

t·t· . _ ·
. s9cial justice (Baronda ii .. CA, G.R. No. 161006, ·
Octobe: 14, '201.5). .. _

e:. 2019 SAN !3EOA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR pPERATIONS 193 .

l~·
..
 JURI.SDICTfO.·N·.AND .: REMEDI.ES :)
. · SAN·BEDALAW C£/IITRALl?EDBAR OPERATIONS- MEMOnY AID 2019 ]

.Effect- of Filing of Petiti.on·t'ar Certiorari w\th the The voluntary arbitrator shall also furnish the NCMB · ·]
SC or the·CA on Execution · . . ReqionalBranch the following: · . i
It shall· not stay the execution of" the· assailed 1. Two copies· of the 'decislons or orders .!:
decision unless. a.TRO.or injunction 'is issued by the, immediately after the issuance thereof; and. .
CA or SC peridlng resolution of-such petition (NCMB 2. A quarterly status report of cases handled ,:
GUIDELINES, Rule VIII; Sec.' 6): · (NCMB GVIDEL/Nf=S, f:?ule IX, Sec. 1). ~

Remedies , from r Decisions·. of· Volunt~ . Malntenanc.e of Gas; Re~ords · . .

Arbitrators··· · . . The NCMB Regional Branch shall .maintain the
·.1: Petition for Review under Ru1e·43 of the Rules· records Of voluntary. arbitration Cf:!SeS falling Within .
of. Court · ·' ·:· · ·· · · · their area of jurisdiction (NCMB GUWELINES,.Rule
· . The prevailin~· rule is. that, the proper remedy IX, .Sec. 2).· . .
· ', · .from .dscislons of voluntary .arbltrators is a
. . petltlonfor revifiw.under,Ru/e 43 of the Rules of. . Turnover- R~ce>rds.. ._ . .of . .
Court (Leytf;I. IV :Electric.. Cooperative, Inc. v. . · The arbitrator shall turnover. to the NCMB Regional
LEYECO · iV-Er:npfoyees · Uhio(l·ALµ, G.~. No. · Branch the entire records of the cas~ within 19"days ·
.157775, October 19, 200'7). ·· v» .: : upon full and complete satisfaction. of 'the final ....
. . . ' . .. ' ' : . . · arbi.tration case (NCMB C31,)IDELINES, f?..ule·IX, Sec.
The app~al of-the vA'. decision· to the CA ry1us_~----..,,.-J.)l. · · · : · · . ·. . .
·•.. -be filed wfthin ro days f-rom. the 'receiP.~e 1rJ' 1 ~~ .. · .· . . . ·. ': .

,
. . awardor decision (t;JYK-Fi(Shif? tjjt'[fgdbint •... t
.{\Di}'t:in}ti~~samong a.Volu~tary.Ar~\tra~or,.
inc., v. Debu, GR. No. 22f?142,<!Sef{_!e"l~,~r if;i!.p-::c-~"?.}f-.:i-(. /r.JJ,.erlt~;or, and a ~.ourt of Law · .
· 2017). · · . · . : . ·.,/'l.'~ ,y,d~ . \. . ., ' . .. ·
. . .! . . ,/',~) Y-_,:pr.=.,._~· e •. • •
· · · No~e: ~~~ing.'.to. f~ifed tci~~,.tb-~plf(pr!~~13>- .jt \\ : · ~ : - · _· •. . · ... . .
. . remedy' clue to the. taps~io( tr:o/WP.e41f pen~~ .Jfl',). 'lA:. . . : , p~ . ~ . :· person Regular. ·
the party ca~not s1.mply ~~voke«;u!_e ·'?J t9.~t~ CQ~i!.~d by ,~~.- sel~cted. by the courts
own COQVenien~e. as ·;f9.1t~ ativeu rE!me~y _ .~q.~da~ such, iPf~...iSP.Uting p~rties, .

IV .Employe'?s Unron~.NL~,.f!/R- :No. ~.on(.~,~

. .·.o.ctober 19, 2G07) .. · .. ~·
:. . " .·
2.. Pet1t1on fo~ cer.t,oran.unc:\ (·Rule.,.
.
':':;J q)1·~t-;.S
(l!.ey(e .1.v E_l.ecfn.cC?o'?P~flih.1/.f!,Kln~. V.: ~~YE.Q,_ . _#fy ~:

.f ·!I. ;,l \;..,.;,~. .:· · !Hi · J · hB/)..r t'b

r!r\'l111,ed/1 -
d,esi~ e~'4)1n
·per~/RO ~J. ·'facilitates .

1~2
M:>t co.m~unication ..
~H ne'gotiati~n·•.
. t'1'e "a.,ncfi assist the
5 of\'!b.~ ~f~s~. ~~·.fP'a~',.:;,,;. ·~.J;;fact{'as pirlfie·s
_ ·~1_p ~ !rt.:"'1
· .. rn
.
,
of Court, . 7
. · 1 , -.1 · .. ·., ~
·~ ·
~:. . • ~.~-
~ ~pe_cia 01y1 ,ofti_on !o~ co,,q.01:an_u.''\; er..
m·. :~"
,
~
'>..:, · ~)'~
f ~1,tti
}'\ 11.
t y Vo~mary reaching
,11 ..
. ·'fiJtratu~er · ur ,~ ,yt'.itii'r ,Lc1r.y
. a
, of the _Rµl~s. of _Coµrt IS ,tt,e~_r<;>_per r. r.n~ ·
·. ori~ ·who_· col'trpl~~ns :~~a~.
$.,71rn--.n
~he \1l~unal.'.l'boa~~'o~£.L,... ~et11,
E;{f- ·Je¥-With.. or,. agreement
\>-,,,,,ti[ regarding· a
·

. , off1«~r ..e.~er.G1~,fl~ . JUd1c1~I _or''\i1~~~91c)a~-- . ':}as,g(t'~rt9~1,.9 t-fh~ ~isput~ (R.A.No.'

. ~unct,~ns. a~\~d ..r~ t~~al, d1sr~~ar;d 'of~eV.jd~~~e I\; If ·"i_~JWa>- ~suant .9~85, ·s~c, 3 (q)
. mat~.rial_ .or. d.e.c1s1ve. 9f the. cont~.ove'\>sy:,..._1_!1. IV:,.) .!L.a~sele~tion & (r)J. : ·:. · · ·
add1t1q~,. the eX:tra9rd1n~.ry·rem~dy_of -~ert,o~ pro~edure agre.ed . . . . · . ··
_ ll_la_Y:..b~ res.ort~d:_to9esp1t~ the av~1la~11.,t.}'. of. ~n . uppn irt the CBA.
: .ap,p.~al Wt'Jen tl:le _.broad~~ rnt~r~~t~ JUSt1~e _so O'. . or . during:, . the
. requ,re.·(L~y~e IV Efe9tn.c. C?ope,rat,ve;Jnc_.· v.. ·. conciliation .
L~YECO IV ·~mp/oyefJ$, Unron-ALU, ·.. GR.:: No. · conference ; who
15777.5, Octoper 19, ~G_Ol)'. · shall· hear and .. · ....
. :decide '. . on .. ,the. :-
. ·.· (;o; furthe; discussi611.~n:the._ifjJppea(~ia-R~l~ ·. 'merrts .. ·o( . ,;1: . . • : ... •••
. : :
· · -65, r(;Jferta the.discussionon the Judicial-Review ·. : voluntary. · · 0 _''. •·
. ·of Lafibr_Ruli(lgs): .. : . : ·. : · ..... · '. ·' arbitration . case ..
. . : . . . .. ~ . .. . . ' . (Thf{. Revfsep ..
·. - .R~PORTORfAL R'EQl.i'litEMENTS. NCMB Manual.of ··
. The '·parties· sh~ll ·su!:>mh. to the concerned NCMB Procedures .for
: · Regl9n~I Branch thi:i"foliowing: . . · . ·· · ·
conciliatio'h ana
1 .. : A. copy Qf ttre· agre~ment to ·submi~ t9 yoluntary .. 'Preventive
ifrbitralion; 'arid · · · ·. · Mediation· Cases,
2, .·A· copy .of. .'. ~ll . pleadi~gs' submitted (NCM~ . 201.7· . Edition,
G-UIDELINES, Rule IX, Sec. 1); · . · . · .. '.
~ .. . . . . . . · RULE; Ill, No. 37) .
. .. .
·,.

194' 1. ~019 SAN BEDA LA'/'I CENTRAL,IZED 6AROPERl:>,TIONS

 JU,RlSOICTIO:N,AN·D RE·MEDIES
SAN BF.QA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS·- MEMORY-AID_ .2019 ..
. .
·Ni WWI IEUA& f.*L!&fiiSidiffPRM#WW ww·
·C.onciliation-Mediation refer.$ to the process of
facilitating a settlement of labor 'and employment
k. Non-litigious
proceedings Formal Issues ($ENA "/RR, ·R1:1te· I, Sec. 4 (a)). .
:r·;· (NCMB
0

·
proceedings -,
, "·Rules. of. · _ Requestlnq Party refers to employee,_ group of
}j GUIDELINES, Court · and6n employees, employer or union who files a request
f Rufe VI, Sec. 1)
0

the Rules for assistance (SENA lf?R, Rule I; Sec. ·4 (h)).

~~-: E;vidence
x. ap81y. Responding Party refers to. employee, g:r9up of.· .
~ 1~· .
;;:~··,
employees, employer or union requested to appear
for concttlatton-medlatlon under SEnA (SENA" /RR, ·
. .
R"t!le I, Sec._4 (i))..
·1( Arbitratdrs are not :NIA J1.,1dges· .are
f o.bliged . to "follow . ·... r.equired to
_La~k -of Interest refers to non-appearance of t~e· _
!· : prkcedents sef by . observe·
requestinq party . for .· 2. consecutive .scheduled '.
1_;· . ·otl.er:. arbitrations .: stare
r conferences despite_ due notice (SENA iRR,·Rufe"/, . ·
.,. ir:i similar cases. -· ·decisis. Sec. :4" (e)).. · · .· · · .

. Sing.Le Eritry As.si~tance Desk (SEAD)iso_the desk/

-Appeat is . to "the Appeal 1s to .,,/') : uni! in the DOLE Central/ Regional/. ProVinciaV·Fi~ld
·CA ur:ider Rule. 43 · a ·. _ hig9et x>i - OJflCt:lS · · and - · attached · aqencies . providing
· ·of the· Rules of court . tm:oef .-'.?\ _concjliation-Jllediation services under SEriA (SENA
,.,,,,, ... , ..,\ /RR R / / S
' Court {RULES oi=. the Rule~_10L ./ :;1. , . u e , ec. .,"A(/111'II·. ..
- .": . . . ; .. · . • .
COURST,. - Rule .
4;J; Sep. 1) ... ·: . . ~~p:rt
129(;,~_
-~{rt::;;~~-;§:'~~t~El'lf&fssi~ta~ce Desk ~tti~er (~~ADO).is -
y ii! . a · traTrfea!:--:'P}l(.SOArlelof t).Ol,.E and its attached
.___.,-.-__. _.__~----~·"'-- ~------.a..,,.,·r·,;.-/J
......, .- ... c...""'-, agencies aniffQe~ignatedbyJheDOLE Secretary, or·

-----------------....,.,.;- <.,. '.'

. · - : · . . ··: .-'_ '0: : .. _ • ,.,._·>v
. 6_
)'.'.\;((
"-'--~....l'- _
tf;;\
_

. 'tf-.:::W::·• ··::. . ·
)_,.,.-~;\ in the casf pf~tta~hed. ~g·eriGi~~~ by· the _Head_ ~f.
_ bi
...,. _.:.';..;.,-'°'--..__.· Offices, _t_q pr.ovn;Je_ interview, .advlce, and conduct
concil.iatf n-,;ediaJfoi:iservices·· (SENA/RR,. Rule I,
· _.-SINGL~ ENTRY.MfR~~:I°I ;, . ·,. •i ~~c._1- fl!7)l_J.. .;. 1\ · : . ' · · ,. -·

r,
J<.

i_/.. ·
(SE .. A"'
· · ·_N. '.,AND
·-·-
-. : .. · lTS
..-.,,-;,;:··...· -·-,.-:;,, .. ' , ..,.. · ~~'i
. - : .uv.1il,>LENiENIDINt'J.'·)
. ,;i - . "..,~·;:~.,{'
, ,~·"'···.. - ...~!~•'?
"'•·'.·:·'.~.._,.. ,!~"-... . · -
. . - ~- - . ,.:;;""-:-·-. , .- (,·~, · 1;,,. Co-Concrtii!:_tlo.~Med1at1on
. _RU:r..ES AND. REG.~jJ9.N,~\ · j} : t' : Coordinated ·. c6nciliation-metjiatio[l . (or Cos
_ · : · · . · ·, · · · (IRR} · .: ',!,_ rl . · )'..i
-. .. -. . . . . .
· +:··:::-;;-~~filia~io~-m.~diation}"by_2or_f!lor.~ SE~Ds, s~al~ be
,':,...;A,.,, . .• e!Y·"r:P,?S.e:~e~_1[theRequest.f.or a~s,stance (RFA} IS f1~ed
.
:

·, . ·-,_. .. · · . f,i /;:~0·2-.!.._-:~-wtth-"l>lhe'-'S~ADllJOSt co.~venien~ to the r~questrng

.,_, · Republic Act No. 10396 was enacted~tq.strecigttien ·· p~rty O\J~s1de t'1e region where the· employer
'.;_ oonpiliatiori-rned_iation as·· a volunt.afy{r.mci~e· of '.p~irfoipally opera~es (S~NA,JRR,Rule II, ·sec.. 3J. ·
;; . · di~put~ ·settlement. for·._ a·II labor- , cas~:,t ·and· . . .· . . . .. .
i· institutionalized · the Single.. Entry: Apprqach:· or the 11:i=e . S~APO , shali entertain the_ same _ and , co-:
I: . $EnA:'Pr6gra'm ofthe· DOLE through the·addit1on of ,. · conciliate.-mediate with the ·sEAD of .tfie region
t. a new 1;.abor·. Code, provis1.on -on· :Mandatory . · where the e·rnploy~r_prlndpc1lly.:operat~s(SENA" !RR,
;, · · Concilii,!tion 'ahd: Endqrsemen(of .Cases:"t1hder Art: . Rule"fl, ~ec. 3): · ·· · ·
'f. · 234 of the Labor-Code. · · ·
( Guiding;Prir-iciples · . . _
-t. _' · DOLE"· D.epa~men(Or.der .. No .. 151, s. 2016 ··was :·P.ursuatJl- to _th:e cons"titutional mand,ate ·to ·promot_e

.t _
_
issue,d qn Febru_13ry 22,.,201"!3 cor:itaining Its IRR.,_. .
. Single Eniry "Approa.ch·(SE"nA)"· · . _ . . ··
.lhefe.rs fo·the administrative approach to provide an
aco:essible; speedy, . impartia.t.. ·.. and iriexpensive
settlement prooedure of alf!$SUes arising from-J~bor
and employment - through a 30·-day ma.ndatory ·
.. . .concHiatiori-medi~tio:n · (Single Entry' Apptoach
~;
lfTJplementing Rules:and Regulations,_-Q.O,No. 151-:-
16; series.of 2Q1~, i{ULI; I, Sec, 4(k)) .[hereinafter
SENA /RR].·
- ,td~~-ptrefe:enlutiadl'
use.'Qt,y1?1t~ntary md.ot~es ot1.~ettling
1spu es m~ rng cohc1_1a 1orHne, ,a 10.r1, .:a, issues·
arising frorn labor employrne,[it shall be subject to a
30~day mandatory condliation-mediation services or
the SENA (S"E_NA/RF,?; Rvfe:f,_Sec. ?). .
Scope iind·Coverage . .
Gener.ii· Rule: All issues arising from labor ~nd
employment . 'shall be subject to t~e 30-day
mandatory 9onciliation-mediatio.n. ·
.

2019 SAN "E3EDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR G_PE;RATIO~S t. 195

 A we
JURIS .01·cT.ION.·.AND- REMEDIES
SAN SEDA !,AW CENTRA(IZED BAR OPERA!IONS - MEMORY AID 201:?

IMF I "**' &&W-U en

Exceptions.: (NCEV20) \IV.hat Should. Be Flied to 'lnltia'te SEnA
1 .. Notices of strjke/ lockout or preventive mediation Request for Assistance (~FA) is· the reqllest' for
cases with the NCMB; .' . . the.conduct of conciliation-mediation under SEnA to.
2. Issues arising from the interpretation arid assis't the parties fo arr'ive at a' settlement agreement
lmplementatlon or the ~BA, and. those ari,SiAg (SENA /RR,· .Rule I,, Sec. ·4 ·(g)) ..
from .the interpretation and enforcement. of .
company. 'perscnne! policies which should be Who May Fiie
. processed througl') thegrievancemachinery; . Ariy aggrieved'person! such as: (WUG_E) .
. 3.. Apphcations for gxemption 'from wage'· orders : 1 ... Worker; includinQ kasambahJW, whetherlocal or
·. with the National Wages and ,Productivity. , . overseas: .
Commission ·(NWP.G); · · . . · 2. Uniori, workers:assoclatlon or federation: ::.
4 .. Issues · involving Violatiol):S 'of:· (AEP-PEA- ;3:.' . Group of workers, whett:ier loc.al or overseas; or ·
CRPL-TO) . . ·A.; gmployer... .
a·. Alien Employme_nt.Permit' (AER}; · . · . · ,,
b. Private Employment Agency (P.EA) :Note: Jri case of absence or.. incapacity of the
authorlty or lice rise; . ~ -: . -. .. . ~QgrieY~d ·person;·. his/_her· immediate. ·fa~il.y ~ith
c. Working ~hil.d Permit (W.CP) and violations. Spec!al Power of Attorney !~PA) may file _t_he RFA.
. of. R.A. Na. ·9231 {Anti-Child Labor Law); In caseof death this/her l~giJim~t~ h.eir/s may fil.e the
d. · Begistratioi:i- under D.0 .. No. ·18-A, se.ri~~::.."':D;,,~(SENA
· · - . 2011 · ·· . ··
e. frofe~slo~al !:iceilsE': is.sued_faY:"~e~RC
.,,,,_,~ · T ·
l.
J 11: ·--..-....~.
~!}i;~ije
IRR. 'Rule_ //;.Sec: 1) .. ·, .. · .

... ·
· .
. : .·. .
-
.. ·
. and v1olat1~n of ·the Professron;~G:g'.9~1 ..u:,~-,G~era1 fu~~he RFA s,hall be .filed· at any S_EAD
Conduct; . . . : . . . ./',---.."" y/.- ·. . . irl'the~egig51\'~here the · employer principally
f.. · · IESDA A~cr~d1tat1ons;_ ~tfd4,~-/~.,,.,..-,-.~"3;~""':Wo13er;a..1;s,{:- . :~·. .· .: _

·.
, . - · attached agencies; f! . j · ·t
. g. Qther . Similar · l:>er.~l~)a-,,Ji~nses·: <jlr,1. jf _ "o//'. · . \
re~istrations ~s~ued: 1py_ ih~'1D0Lf ?~. i{s . /~ l:~cepti~ns;\~f _

5. ,Yiol~tlons of POEA ·.9P'~j;-;-a,r'd Re 'f9"lfilf60:s:: -'-lr'f'"~-rrr:c~e

involving: (SDIR:N.OT) ·~ ~----t ~ ·.. :, .
, '\rPf) " ·
· . .. .
-.!f.J~f"~ 1. Atl~~-neal~stpSD E 'office ·or attached agency
~".)il'?
.

·Of l>,e!?iiJ.§\~P'k'asambafi.ay or .deployed

~-""~f;.l'Nbrkersor -\ervi'i.Vpn;:,vip~rs or. subc,on.trac~or
·
. .
.

.
a. §erious offenses. ·.:tnt,~~tnses p n.ali~.ctt~\l\IlJ.W~-opeitung
wi~ car:icellation of uceFls~~. ~~\. {!: l
b. Disciplinary .·· aQtion~.1, ~~inst ~%!:lJS;E\lasti-;;:~~-
re:. .lnN U:ie"'l~gfon other than where i~
prirjg,Ly·oRerate~i, . . - ..
?-"fft(eJ~a.r_e'.$t~P~Hiefpi!1~O~er~eas Labor Office·
. : .. '. .

wo~kers/seafarers.• ~tii?h,_, ~e · .lfios~~~{ed~~ ..·t~J~~~ i{_"ttv(f_ffountry, of ·. de~ti~ation : or

senolclS offenses,_~r.J.p1ch-c.aqy thb1 ~);~~··f . -q,-f/?~'e%bar!(at1on·'l'J'.· CE)se of .OFW, .~f at.. the.
·, of dEilisting ·from the ~eEA ·r~"g~try .r~~-r"'e5;f-'DOL~ .1~~ce. or attach!'id ag~ncy. of
offense; . . . . ·"\:· . .,· .·_ ·S'cz _,,,-·q·~Btefe...r;e,h~e wh~n in th_Ei ·CQ._Ul)try;, and ..... ' .
o. ..comj:lla!nts !oitiat~d by th~{_'O~! ~~-, -· ·~1'-i )! ~~fe\9.9L517~ffi~e"o~reg}~tration . .in case of
d. · ?ompl~1~ts .against·. ~n a'Q_~FJ..CK})'VhO~=$$•,Ufl'l~A._Qf,f~erat1on repre_sentmg a.lo~l.chapter .
.ILcense.·1s ·B~voked,-canq_eUed~.@2<P~cf-o~ }' t,f ~~E~R,,Rul~ll, Sec .. 2):-'· ..
otherwise detrsted· and ~ -. . J..V1.r~. ,:;:, . .·
· <. -
·
e. ..CornplaiA~~ ·.categ~n~ed ·~nder·· the ··PO"'i;A;....::::.,..'"'--~'bnon' the RFA · ·· . ... : ·.. : · . : ., · ..
~ules · and Regulati_ons. as :Not subj~ct. to ... · - The RFA .shall be acted up<;>n as follows: (PLAD) .. ,
. . SEnA; ~rid. · .· . . V .RFA .through f.~r:sonal · ap.peararu:;e. ..:, The
6 ... l_ssu~s ..on. QccupationaJ': .Safety,·. and, Health. · ·· Sl;AbO sl)alr:: (IA2C2) . . · . ·• .' ·
Standards lnvoJying imminent d.anger situ~tlon;.. a... , !riform ttie·requesJjng party ·of the objectives
dangerous occurrences/.: disabling· Injury, and ·· , ·and procedures of ..the 30-dpy' ·n:,andatory
·abs~nce of.personal p_rofective:etjuli:ir.neot(R:A. . .' · .~onciliation-me~iati.a.n· progr-am. 'and· the
No,. '10$96, Sec.. 1;· LABOR COPE =Art•. 234; ·. posslble-·con~eq1.,1ences thereof;'.· · · ··
SEnA IRRi.RULE I, Se·c.:}). · · ·.· b.-: ,Assisttt1eteqµestfng party in·accomplishing.
·· · · ·. · ·. ' - ·. · · · ..... , .· · ·the.'RFA Form iii 3 copies;"< · : :· .. : ...
· ~N'ote:'.The. 30-day Man'datciry,Conciliation-Mediati'c;n ._. t. · · ~onduct ·initial' .Interview fer 'v.er.ificatf~>n of .
. Period r~fer~ ·to ttie ..30 · ,ialendar days~maxi_mu_Jl:l· · iss1,1~. ·.and. ln1tiany·. ~xpl~re . .:settlement
··period within·wl:Jich to conduct the proceedings and· · optiOn$,,if appJi~bJe; . . . ..
. tq· refer th'e issu.e.to' apprelpris:ile,agency if [m~ettled Q; . ~sign reference number,.and' set the initial
(SENA /RR, Rule l,:S~c.. 4 (q)). . ' ·-· ... conference; and .. · · . . . . ..
· · . . . . · e. ,Coordinate with other SEAD in case there is
.- a need to 'co-concil1~t~-mediat~·- . .

. . <·

106 I' .2019 SAN SEDA LAW C~NTRALIZED BAR.OPERATIONS

 J_U.RISDl'CTlClN.AND· RE-ME:DIES· ·
·SAf:I SEDALAW CENTRAl,IZE.D8/\R OPERATIONS·- ME!il_ORYAID W19.

~FA. throuqh !:etter ·-Where the RFA is filed t;Jo~e: The SEADO may liold as many, .
through a letter, whether written or e-mail, the conferences as ·may .be deemed necessary t.o·
Head of Office, through the S.EnA focal-person, facilitate a settlement .agreement.
shall .. immediately respond'by explaining the·
procedures of .. the SEnA and require the 4_. .!;xtension . - The ·30-day. period is non-
. personal' appearance 'of the. requestlnq party . extendible ~xcepfupon mutual agreement of the ,
before lhe SEADO. · . · ·. .paiiie~ -and· the.re is a possibility for settlement.
Ri=A thro.ugh Anonymous letter, SMS;. or . Such ·extension. shall not exceed 15 calendar
phone cal(-. Tt)e Head of Office througfj .th~ . days _(SENA /RR; Rule ill, Seq. ·5). ·. .
SEnA focal person, shall refer the same for' the.
conduct of a Specia.f .· Joint Asse.s~merit to . CONDUCT.OF CONCIL:P:r,iON-M~D·IATJOr-i
-taollttate compliance or correction· if there are .' Appearance.ot Parties· .. ·. · . ·. · . :
deflclencies. . .: '·.· . . . . . :. , .. Upon the receipt Of ·thEi··notice ¢f: conference, the ·
-4. · RF.A.. ·iiwo1ving·. Q.iplo!llal.s : or .. Jnternatlonaf parties .shan personally appear at-all times ·(SENA
org_a.nizatjors with· dlptcmatlc. Immunity. -::: /RR, Rule IV, Sec. 1), ·. _ . : . . · . · .
TRe S'EAElO shalt . . . . ~. · ·. · . ~ . ";' . .· · .· · . . . . .
. · : a. ·
Advise. the :reqUe!;,ting_"pa·rty· of the need ·to 'in SEhA;uie· parties.Shan representthemselves and
. . verity the imtnun!iy ofthe..rE}spondi.[lg.par:ty:°· lawyers are .discouraged. from participating in the
. b.. · Notify the responding p·arly on the existence conference; except wlien they are the requesting
of.R~~ ~nd_tb a~pE:arbefore the SEADO. for..,/'} part~ . or . t~e· ·. employer, . since:· .SEnA · is· an
ccnciltaticn-medlation; and . · .·. . · 111(.~·~ . adrnlnistrativeapproach for a conclllated settlement
· . ·c. In,· case· of- non-appearance of-:~}~~~~,: .andnot-alitlqetion (S~Nl}.1RR,.Ru/e IV; ~ec. 1)
. .respondlnq. party; refer the RFA to .;tlilJ~~.kt~{;~ .· · . · . . · · · · ·.
appropr!F1te.ag~~cy{office (SENA /RR,?'·'~!T!(~ff ~Rf!~aran~.~'!\ ?f .. Lawy_er~;· Agents Of
. . • Ill ' Sec. 1).. . •. . . .. ' r,.-: . .~f,J.i~DAn~esentat1yes .
.. · · . .. : · · . ·· · · ;:;.
.--~!.,o;,v . ~J .f .
..,._.~; ..............~..l-~~1'\1'-' <·! .
Lawyers';--ag~~ntsor ~tt?rneys-ln-fc;1ct..a~piaaring
. .
y,
Raffle and Asslgoment 9f RFA.-. ,.f,iV .... A--tr· behalf or~r:i: J~flhe parties l?hould submit a.Special.
Withi.n · ~ . day frorn rE:peipt, :. ·th~· ·1,J.a_&.,,1~ • Offlc~;:.i.~-~R P?w~r ·of tt?~~eyr Board Res?lutiq~f 9~cret~ry's
through ··the ·.SEnA. focal ·pers·on, ytif!-U · ~;~)_11;1f.l.;-the r·. ~erbfi~t,grf1nt1\gt.hem .autho~1ty to. r~present·and ·
RFA.s to the S!;ADO .or caus~sJ~e~ssr~nrner::it!:W. 'If~ enter. int,9· a tync!1Q"g agreement for. theit principal in.
raffle in· c.as~ there are 2 or,lillqr:,Ef s~ops.in .lhe~
SEAD."'Th·e ·sEADO .shall frtJ\tt.~~iatelY'."go~_pµcRj~e:
t;~~!
,t.:!J
the. foUg),Ving firculr)stances: (OMb)' ·. ·
1·'.· W~.ffl_;;(~~~t~fW~.s!ing/.r~spo,:idin·g 'patty. _]i'>
·.. . ·

a~se~sment (SENAIRR_,..Ru/e· 11~ec;:3;.:4"!t ~·-} .:-:·.p~ alreacfy1Depk'.>~ed·abr<:>~d or our of the coim_try <'.Ir·.
. . ... .. ' .... ·. .-_.. ·... _')~wt;"'"';!~ .. } )1 ~1"!1plpyed/ ass1gne.~/ rt11wate~·to:otherrE!g1~n; .
U~_onrece1pt.qf the.~~~•.·t!J.e ~~'?~ ihaf1·~£~~1,1.1e_. .. ,~l-f&,,..W:hen:the re~~est!n.gl_._r.e~po_ndn~g party 1s· a
w,t~_ln the day th_e initial confereney.u~~t').~e SE11A · ..::-!~f:\,:~·~#MlraQr~ phy_s,cally mcapamtatepi ·. . . . .
Notice. f:o.rm (SENA./RR; Ru_le Ill, Se~1)·· . /~~:d'" _... 3~MhE:'tr- quest)~g/ responding_ p~:rtY Q.ie<;l. _ouring .
. ·· . ·:.: · .. , : ·:. ·. \!r, {ff;F .. · . ··t1,e··pen?ency of·the· R(:'A,:the_ heir/s ,of the.
:r-·... -~~~~~- of_;,e"".'iC?e-of.No~ceiofCo_nfere'$~~E-.. · ·1 ~~~~~1.
. 0 ~-~y.appe_~r and ·s~all:·pres~nt, the_·
J.. -i:· · Personal; '·. ·. . , _.. . a. (:)eath. certificate; ;;ind · . . - · .· ··
. 2. ·.R~gistered rnaiJ; • ... •. IL Proof df relatjons.hip.. (i.e,: inarriag~ con1ract
··'3 .. .sl!:l.cfronicm~1I; .·. ·· ·. .. :·.·· and/qr pirth cerWicate) ($fNA IRR;_Rule.lV,
4:. ~ourier; '·. . . ·; · S~c. 2). :. ·. . . · .. ·. · ·. .
·5.. · ~ny. oth~r fa~(°economi_cal.and· effectiv~ m9de · ·· · · ·
. of notifying the·part!es taki~g.. int~ cor(s.ideratibn . Con.ciliation-Medlatl~n Process:· . .J . · .
r ·· ~h~- prev~iiing · circumstai')ces ..... within . th~ .· . The SEAD°O, in the' cor.idui::t 6( the ··conciliation-
\ . SEADO's:area of re~ponsibility; or . mediation; shall: (CNE-OPM): . ·. . .
~ .·G. . °f.acsimi.1~(SENA lf1Ri·Rulf{/11,·-Sec; .. 4) .: 1 .' ~iarify ·ttie issu~s. · yalidat~ . ·positloijs : and
~ ·. . - .· . . . :·.,'. . . deterini'ne the underlying issues; . . .
. Sch~du~~ of Confer~_nce~::(R.IS°E:) . . . ·:2. ·Narr.ow.down ,the ):lisagreemen.ts. and. broaden
1. · · Resetting -' · Resetting shall· Mt·. be allowed areas for settlement; · · > · · ... ·
excepf-.Oil r'e1;is9.nable. gtou:nqs.and i( the oth_er-. .3. £nCourage·p~1Jtie·stci gen~rat~·9ptions.and enter.·
.. party ~bncurred: Jri. su~.ti· ~.se, the conference ·into stipulations;. --'. . . . --:~· • ..
~hall.be held noflaterlt1an ·3 c.;iiendar days from :4.• Qffer prop9sal·. and options toward· mutually
th~ o.rigln.a!.seh~dul~ ·ofc~mferenc;e;· .. ' . .: acceptable solutions and voluntary'setuernent;
.:2. Jnitial Conferef!~~.....: within 5 w9rklng days from ·. 5:: frepar~ tl)e · settlemenl · agreement' · in
.. thefdate.of.as$igrimenfofthe:RFA; . · consultation with the p~rties; and
3. · ~ucceedlng :.conference!?- within·.the 30-qay

· ~· .
. rnaridatoiy.concili~tioh-mediation period;_

i.. .
. . •· 2019 SAN.SEDA l:A.'v\lCENT.Rp,LIZED.~AR OPERATIONS j .197
 JURI.SDICTI-ON.AN·D_'R:E.MEDlES
. $/IN ~ED~.LAW 'C;ENiRAUZED OAR OPEAATIONS- ME¥DFl'f-AID-201f

. ·. 6. Monitor the voluntary-~nd faith~! cornplia'n-c:eof·
the set\lement·agreenient (SENA fRR, Rule N;
Sec •. 3). · 'enteitalned b1 ·a. La_bqr.Arbiter, or the ~ppropriate
Pre-terrnlnatlon . of · the. 30-day Mandato_ry
C.oncillation-Mediatlon Period
Th·e-30-day.periqd maybe pre-tennlnated ori any of
." the fQllowing grounds: (WNR) · .· . ·
1: Written W!thd_rawal 'by requesting. party which
. · should -be reflected in· the· minutes of. the
. conference: ., .. -, . . . . .: ·.:
2 .. !f on-appearance .of either the -requestinq party
. or' the respondinq ·: party. . in :· 2 consecutive ·
. . · 'seheduled ccinfere.nS!,15· 'despite'. due: notices;
. · unless there is a-reasonable gro.und for failure to
: appear; or . .
3; . Request for Referral to DOLE office or Agency ' ·
· · by \H~· requestlnq party or both 'parties prior jo
.. · '. the ¢xpiration oq~e 30-day_pe_riod·(~ENA IR~...,,=-~~~u/e./V,
Exce:pton issues excluded. pursuant to Section 3 of
. Rule , 1, oniy erido.rsed or r.eferred RFAs shall ·be
POLE office br agency that ha.s ].uri~diction over the
issue/s (SENA /RR, Ru/~N,-Sec.7). ·
Contents of.Referral
1: . Names ot the parties; . .
2. · Summary ·of unsettled i.ssues to .the. office or·
. .agency h_aving jurisdiction ov.er the. issue; and
'3. · Date of thE:·~eferr.a} (SENA_iRR, Rule IV, Sec. 8) ..
.of .
.' Confici.Jntlallty P.r~ceedjngs ·atid M'inutes ..
Information. andstatements given· in confldence' at
the .. conclllation-rnedlation proceedlnqs shall ·be
. treated as privileged communication and shall'not tie ...
used as evidence tn ·a.ny arbi~ratiqn proceedlnqs,
except when··ther~.lswalver.of c;;onfidenlia.lity (SENA
Sec -, 9). · .. · . . . ·

. .·
Rule IV, Sec .. 4). .
:· · ·. · . .
.
.
.
. ./
~ .,.
· r,.: · l
J
·1\.. ·"r ~. . . . , . . .. .
fi~pe,c;ir ~eo.reco_(ders orany electranic recon;Hng
, .

. Termjnation of . Mandatory .Pf{l;qne-m~<J.l)E;-=~-=~S~ic..fs~ll~rohibited during. the proceedings

· "-1',...(' ), ~i. ._.)~ . . · . (S'ENA...JBR. f3.Mf·W, Sec~ ,.9). . , . · .
. Mediation.Proceedings .

proceedlngs closed and ter.r:nll"!§I-

j. Pre-termination of . the,1- o~'d.
. cor.iciJiation-m~diatio.n prefq~edin' s; or-
~-j /· .fr . .·. :
Any · of_. the . folloWiJ'.lg 'shall ·,~~nct~~tti'(,,_~nA==~~~
f
...... ~, "<·), ·. .,,'\. ·
ID) '.lf' -to7c,:!se\ot~~1.ihi;?J).,'the
. ·. .
vorce·antv1c;leo recorders
.mftlndatoty · .~ ~~,:ill _be ~onfisRctl'ed w\p,out·preju.d1ceto appropriate
tV~ legal actipo. (SE~(jf!.R1Rule IV, Sec. 9). .
.
.
2,. Upqn_co_mpliancewiththp-s~e '.en·ta~reement~1r-~-.-<"].. ·.,,.:_,d:
i '·. ·... . .
.
. (SE"{fl. IR.R, Rule I.V;. ser!o}HP.: . . . ll
. i{ .. ,,,& ~ .
'.!.~t.r~
-/. ,~L
si ~APr.oc~~~- •.o~ ... r,: ·' . :
. . . ~, ~ ..
. .· ·. :
. .
l~suance of Refer:r.al ·. -~ <t.., t Q,: ·
~ef~rr,al refers to the endo:r_~eJO,rn\bY.iB:€:baQafjp
{i~ .~EU;t~61tfg~Arid inte iew ofth.e Reque.stiQg i=>arty ·
J·, ~... · · 7 1 ·.. ·'·-:-"'n.iJ, ' · · . ·' · ...
s~po of Uf'!Settled issu~~ \~!h$°.~OL K'~.~e\
_agency that·has. j~risqictiqn·_o¥er th.e\!ss1:1"'.{§ .· """"..
. x~ : ,._ fA...I. ·. ~ .v~ .
T ~ 'if' ?~'Ts.re»ordEld~n~ F9.~WARD_E.D·tohead
:· . ' .

l~R,. Ru/<t I, Sea. 4· (fJ). .. ., ,;\, . . '\;, · ·. '· "°""¥ . . ··. ,,f'-, qffic~wor_a~~l!:J.':11'.l.ent. . . ...
· ·, · · ·\ · , ,Sr,1IT·s:?··
~i..,\l:'Y,; · -· · · - · · ·. ·· ·
·. Ttie . SEADO ~hall · is~u.e: the ~f~rraj,~~"":lfi~j.'. ' : .: . ; .~~; , : . . : . : . :_ '. . , · ..
. reques!i.ng pai::!Y· Y.V[thin 1- day undel}Jhi jml~Jfl9'-~ ~~ithi, 1/jayfrom ~eceipt, .Head of. Office
circumsti;lnces: (EfN3} .... · . · -~~V j .. ·"hjlii' -·~ -~ '\;~~S,lG~~th_e·.RFA to a-S.~DO : .
1. :.sxpir~tion of ~l)e 30:day,m_anclatoFy condli~~oh- p. . i.l :·~ ···· . · ., · . · · - . · - . ..
. · medla~ioi:i period, unless there !s a reqµest1<:r~~~·"*. - : . . . .. . . :.: . . . ..
. extensiot1;. -'. · :_ .. ·.. · . ·. ,· :·. . . _Upon recelpt:SJ:APO.i;h~II scli¢'dul~wilhil]lhe d~y the_·;·
. · . ~--- ·: ]:ailiire. of th~· ..p.arties to reaeh art c"9reerr,ent: . · .. · · l~ITIAI. _COl'ff ERENCE. an.d f!O,t!fy Parties: · .
. . Witt)in the 3Q~aay: periad; ' · , I ·~,. .· , .. •.

3, N,on~appe~u:ance. qf,. the responding _-party in 2·

S.EAPd ·conducts ·.cONCIJ.lATIOt'J-MEQIATl0N·'
scheduled ·co1Jferen~es despite due not_i!'.:e.s; within 'a perio~rriot to ·exceed.30 dfJYS, e?(cept ·
. 4: N.00-~ettlerne!'li of 1 !)r so~e'i_ssuE!s,but .not all in . · · . ·upon agreement.of 'partie~. · - .
RFA -,vith multiple i~sues; o·r · · · , .. -: · . · ....
: :
5 . .'·Non~cpmpli~mce -wit.h the· Agreement· ($ENA- .
. ' . }RR,:Ruie N, Sec: 6).. . IF:S·ETT~E;D,.RF.Ai;,closed.' IF NOT SETTLED, ·
. ~E.ADO ad:viseslhe pa'rtles'and.·i$SUe : ·· ·.· •
. Referta[may be. rriade.to: .. . · ... REJ=ER.~1:-Jo_appr_o_priate.OQLEOfff6_e. ·.·
1: . _ Appropriate DOLE offi_ceor agency;.'or . .
• I\
_:2. Vofunt~ry Arbitr~tiori ·(SENA /RR, R-ule IV, Sec: .· ·, . · ..
: . 6). .. .- ' .
·SEADG> 'prepa_r~s:.REPO~TS .·.
N~ re(~rral ~hall be iss~ect Where th~ re·qu·e;tirig
p~rty has with.drawn th~ .RFA. (SENA !RR, ~ule IV; ·(o.b: No. 151-16).
Sec. 6). · ·

. 19? I 2019 SAN.SEDA l:AW Ci;NTRALIZED BAR OPERATlo'Ns·

 . 'JURI.SDlCTl.d.N. AND' REM.E.DIES
. SAN'l1EDA LA.W CENTRALIZED.BAR OP.ERAJ'IONS.- Mq\,lORY:AID 2019
~F BA A REM . WS isdt> AP . -WPM i#SN&S 1

,ti(· NATURE . .,6.N.D CONTENTS ·OF ·SETILEM~NT· NQte: The waiver and quiictaim duly signed by
" AGREEMENT . . . · both ··P.af1ies shall be . issu~d . or)ly upon full
, In the preparation of agreemarit, the SEADO shall.. settleme.ntJ~E~A LRR,'Rule V, Sec. 2). ·
: · 1. Make use· of lanquaqe or dialect . clearly.
.. understood' by the parties;' and . . .. · . . Effect of Settlement.Aqreernent :
Inform the parties· of the consequences qf the Any setttement agreern~nt reached by the. parties
.acceptence of the settlement amount despite before the SEADO .shall be flnal ·and immediately
having knowledqeof his/ her rightful claims shall execulory.. It shallbe binding on ·all-DOLE offices and.
mean the absence of fraud; violence 'or coercion attached agencies except when the· settlement.
... and voluntariness .of tlie settlement aqreement ·· aqreernent ·is 'establlshed to be contrary. 'to law.
·•· · (SENA.iRR, Rule V,.Sec. 1)'. · · · morals, pi.Jblic·order and publlc policy ($ENA /RR,
·~:· .· . · . · . . · ·: . , . : :· . Rule V, Sec. 3),. · · ·
·y,· ·The agreementstiould: (PAyVIS) . · .. - ·· · · · ···· ·
·. 1. In . case of fartial settlernent., include the No retaliatory action shall be 'takenby both parties
schedule of payments;· · again~t each other (SENA !RR, Rule V, Sec. jJ, .
2. Be 8tt~sted b,y'the $EADO; Settlement·for a·show
3, Be reduced in.Writing; . · There is settlement for -a show where· the
4, '-.. !hd_iC?te-th~ "parties' voluntary ·a"gr.eerrierit. a~d. settlement 'amount- is reported -to have .been taken
:'. a.cc::;eptc!nc~ of t~e · amounts a~ {ufl/part,al. ,... back or confiscated ljy the respondlng party (SENA··.
:. settlement, arid. , . . . ,,,<(• /RR,. Rule'V; Sec. 4): .
. 5.. Be §igned by both partres (SENA IRR, .. Rule.':Y:~·/ ( . · .. . . .. · . . · .' .· :
·. Sec. 1). · . '. .· . . · . .. ~;;.,./.;.·:.r•\ In such case, both parties shall ,be..- called for
· .. · . ~!
; · · . - \ -, : . L/vi.:, 1·,j co.nfer~nce · by ·the. S~ADO · who facilitated the
~gre~men.t on monetary claims ans.mg.. ~.Pr~.••. , ·.~:t:-:-~r~t.l..e,ment;-;f~e SEADO s.hall verify the report and
·. violations of, labor .. standards sh~II be·. fatr/,a,!19(J.r: ~r-e~ei,tt't.e1.r:e.sponding party to pay the requesting
reason.able, a.nd not contrary to .l_alfl, PS!bhif,rr:iorals.• · 1f·
P?rlY tfie-ful),•~ettlement amount with legal interest
. and public policy (SENA IRR;_Rule, V,(~fic(1). . . ~:.:-J. 1 .
reck.~ned f~,{>'i'i1~he. dat'e ·of s~ttlen:ient should there
" . ;.·.· .· -·t.~i{ r
I,\.. be.substaQt,~l p:t;oofttlat settlement was fo; a show.
{t~me~~.,·. J~ ·. :1t~,fi~'~{
A.

f,. .. :;::~rh:~~~:a~:~~!~!~~o;:t~;1o/)5f (S~~A Sec: .4):. . . · .· ;··- . .' ·_,

fif~.: 1. · .~otal.ity of the .cir.c~msta~p-f~~ .·. 'c,;~ : .. ·. t(. ~.:. [}:.}:
2 .. Degree of,v.oJunia.nnes~, ~.r_:1-<tt ~ :ci/1.)·. · ~~-~
~o.~:.~<.?~!~~~~~!!h
_Settlem.ent ,Agree'11ent;.
r,t · Exec4tlOl.!~....st, ·:-kc:.1v ,, · . ·.. ,. · ..
f 3. . Credibility· 9f lhEi consideratibn. (S~f:\;JijR; ~Wd, ,:.·. :-r·J · S.ettlemet:("J".2£~iv'show is . considered . as none
t'
J".
. V;. Sec .. 1). · : · . · ·. ·
. . . ·. · , . . . . . - . · . \~~ . .
""~-·~9"\l:'.\-.
1l>:J
, :1.:, • -·
J!: f
.. · compliance .. 1n·ca'se ofhpn-comp]ia,nce; tb.e .~~ADO
~!
· · · ~t-;:-..s.ti... E:?<!iirl . best
effort.,-·to ~ffect the ... agreem:~t; .\
~:.
Types 9fSettle:ment Agree!he.nt ,, . r~~ . >--< L!/;:··•·Olf:')~CTf.'S.~,_J)e/she
shall· refer ,t for, er:iforcement.,w,th'
f . . 1. Ft.i!I :Settlei:nent . :- Tti'e full payrJi'ent .pf,·(f_lle·~._:::.!!!.tt:i'~,NtRC/POEI\JOOLE f3egional Office (SENA ./RRr
:· moi:,etary plaim anq/or reiristatem~nt i,n, c,.:~~~ of Rufe-V,,Sec. q). . · .... .. . . · · .
} ' ~ermi.nation ·. . i5:sue:>1 · con~trLicthi'e'~~i~Jss.al/ · · · ·
,;;
~-
illegal ·.susp·en·s1on, or complete pe_rforman.ce .of
';if.l.act sought for by.'th.e fo~iiesting.pa'fty .. ~

The··~-eAoo·s~all
·

,c;1ttat:h a
.. ~ABOR ARB;i:TER.
d·~I~ acyo·~plished
J-
·.,; I.·:

<', ·
·.waive-rand quitclaim .docurne·nt as pr'qof of full.. :ART..IC.L.·~424/.'~URISDICTION .. OF .. l'HE LABOR.
·
corr1pii1'3Ace .(SENA IR~1 RLitff· sec. 2). : .
. , . ·
, v. · ARBITE.RS... · . : . . .. .
. Uil?or Atbit~r: (LA} . is an official iri the Arbitration
2 ... Paiti~I Seitl~men(--The.re is p~rtial..'sett/ement ·
Branch.ofthe 'National labor 'Relations Commission .
. when. p_ayment. ·of moneta,ry ·-eraims' ,is by ..
. installment ot in case of reinstatem'erit/ lifting of
.· (NLRC} who.
hears·ar:,d decides cases failing .. under .
,s~spension· or ·~hY
oth~f po~itive·' actipn soug~t · .
.. l']fs original anc.1.excl.usive jurisdictjo.r\ as.provided by
Jaw '(CHAN,. Revfewer, supra, at 646). · .
. f~>r
by .t~e reql.lesting' _party·.sh~II b~ made- on a·:
future _tlate ..agreed· upon: ·· · · · Qual.i.ficatio~s .of E~ec~tiva"· Labor Arbiter/s: (ME-
10) .. . . . .... , .. -
. In· partial settrem~nJ;. 'tt)e .' respo~ding . party is 1, Must be· Members of the Philippine Bar;
· re.$1i.iir~p to m~ka ~ report ~t-compll~r:ice.with the 2: ,Must' have gxperience or eXP..oSur~ in handling'
.. sc;hedule of paymen.t subject to v~rificatipn by 'labdr management .relations (or at least _ye·ars; :5
. .the ·sEADO:° The RFA shall be deemed settled · .·. ·. ·.and : ·.. .. . . · ·
;-, . . . .· after p~yment c:>fth·e. last'li'l.staUm~nt'(SENA IF?R, · .3. . Must h.ave been ehJJc:iged· in the practice of law
~· . . •. Rule. V; Sec. ;!). · ' .. . · . · · in the Ph.ilippines for at lea~t 10 yi,?ars (LABOR · ·.
I , . ' • . ..

i·· CODE, ~rt. 222). ·

(.

2019 SAN SEDA LAW. CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS ,I 199

 JU·RI.S·DICTION
tE_NTRALIZED
AND·REME:DlES
SAN"BEDA LAW BAR OPERATIONS -·MEMORY AI0-.201°!) .

Note: Labor Arbite~ shall.have the same .rank, · .6. Claims for actual, moral, exemplary, and other
receive an annual salary. equivalent to' and be forms of Qamages arising from employer-
. entitled to.the same allowances, retirement and employee relations (Nl:RC RULES,.,Rulev; :s.ec.
other benefits and priviieges as, those of. tl'ie 1); .
judges of · the regional triai courts (LABOR· · . 7. !,!LP cases (NLRC RULES, Rule V; Sec .. 1);
.coce, Art. 2231: 8. · Wage Qistortion disputes ·in unorganized
. establishments not. voluntarily settled' by the · ·
Various Power;s. of the LA parties · pursuant· to R.A. . No. 6727 (N.LRC
Besides their-adjtidicatory-powe_r to hearand decide RULE_S, Rule V, Sec.ct}; · .
cases ··aver.which. they have jurisdiction, the Labor·
· Arbiters have: . •' · . . ·Note: An'. unorganized· ·establishment ls one
1. Contempt power (LAf30R GODE; Art. 225 (d); where no union has yet been dul.y recoqnlzed or.
-NLRC RU.LE$,Ri,te··1x, Sec. 1); and . . certified . as. ba.rgaining 'representative ·(2 .
· 2·. Power · 10 conduct · ocular inspection (l;ABOR AZU.CENA,supreet 414) .
CODE, Art. 226):. . .
· 9. Qther cases as may be provided by I~~ (NLRC
(' · Note:· P·re~·iously; they· are'· al~p possessed. of RULES, Rule. V, Sec. ·1); . . . . . .
Injunctive- power . .Thls ' graht of _ir'ijunctive power, 10. _C9ntested cases .under the 'exceptton clause of
however, was deleted in recent NLRC Rules: The LA· Article 128Jb ):of the Labor.Code "(.Visitoriat'and·
thus, has no more· injunctiv.e power, Only th~R~~"-;>'~w~cement
has. that power (2 AZUCENA, ·supra at 79)~" · ~
. · · . ~~"\ ~-
uu· l'" ·
1" ~~ .
powers of the !)OLE Se9retaiy);·. ·
..._ '\/Npte:fl'h@Jurisdiction of the LA is found in the
. .:
JURISCUCTIO~ • ; . . .:I?. ·,v·J,../"..---="'~~~~-ep_Jjoh}l?._use of Articl_e ~28 (b) where the
Laws.C~>nfer.rmg J_ur1sd1ct1on.op..t{~, r~ __.-.==o-.T..., · e~oy~~eontests the findings- of the labor
1. Article"224 of the Labor Co,ge,;_ ~./~. / ...-~ _a1~
~1;, .="~em~IB~mcnt enforcement officer·arid raises
2.-· Article 124 of t~e Labor Qoa~famel)ded· !fr> . J'r··
11 issu~s sti_pp9r.ted\by documentary proofs which·
· .R.~. No-, 6727;. .. . · · /1.. if.
. ;- ; . . . . 1~ _wen?~not~~t~iger~,din thecourse of inspection
3. Article 233 of the Labor i<p.~ f . ?-----~' .,_.,..-.CEQ~ No. li 1..f;198§)). · · ·
4. Article:_276 of t~e Labor ffeop'€;"11:ia · ·.\ · ~~.r~ . · ,1.. ,., • {.. • ~ \"'°"~ ~~ ' . · · · ·
5. Sec.· 10 'ot R..A: .. _No .. BQ4if.'~1fnende<\_by Ril>..:-r,\ -· ~~Wh1lf It IS tr~~ -thai1 n_der A~1cl.es 129 .~md. 224
1~j
No. -10022. · . :~t'f.''. fi . . ~ . · , · '~NUP.!Jl"lrl ?f ,:~fl :Lab,pr,=ce-C?,cl , the .. Lc!bor ·Arb1~er ~as .
.. . . . . . . ·. . . . :~ i. Ind_
a~-..-C... ,. . . . .,J.!.!.!i'~~ntH he~_r; decide casl':)S whe_rethe
· Except .as otherw1sE: prov ~fl~ftlQ,.der'\!~~a,~c,irtai~,;1}· ag_g,e9J3te- m6~/i?la1ms .o.f eac_h· employee .
Code, the· Labor A~b1ters s~aJY tfa~e ori~m_<:t~la_nctPA ~:i,e~e,~cls-~s'.000. ::,.aid prov1s1ons of Jaw do not
exclu,si_veNrisdi9tion :to··hear 'nd-de<i(1e,. v..ll!_ti1~~ .~£~nfempife · n~rf. cover the · .visitorial ·. and
calendar days after ~he subm1~ion of-:tpe·-.pa_~~Y~-~·rforc~ent.po~ers_ofthe SecretaryofL~b(!ror
the parties for· decisioi::i wiJhout;~xtensio'ft~veBSlti::'Jr.;-1'..ft\1:-.J:ii~_gpfy ·:3uthqytzed,representc1tives. (Ex~Bataan
_tlie ab~e~c.e of stenographic notes,· th~/~fto~'Ifi~-~~1er?:~<;;s2eurity
cases i~volvfn_g all workers, wheth~t1i;;_g1lar;_G!.',Or
non~agncultural: (TV-CORD~V-D0VE) · ,,·.Vi
=--~ . ~ 1\1[ A..~,~~~-~-'
·Agenr;;y, Ire:. v. Laguesma,
~f;!f~-:t:~~396,:Novef'r!ber20; .200_7)... : .
· .· · · , .
1. · • Ierntin_a~ion· di~pote·s (NLR~· R{JLES,:~Ma.4;~1sicf~tclaims.. Emplqyment· Ccimpensatiop, ·:
· . ' Sec, 1); · . · .- · · . . .. . : . .
for
· ·. Social Security, · .Ph_1JHearth· ·and.· maternity
- ·. ~- ·· Cases.arising· frbm any !_iolation of A(':ticle· ?,79, ber:,efits, all other·d~iil)~ ari~ing from employer-·.
· in.cl(!dihg questions. i_t'ivbl'ii_ng.. the legality · of .· employee relatieris,, incluctjngthose of' peri;;ons.
· ·strikes ,and :1o~k9uts (NLR.C.RULES, Rule -v,.· in domesti"c:or.household .. servi9.e, in·volving'.an
· Sep. 1);·. ·~: . . · . . · . amount· exc~edfng : Pf{OOO :· . regard/es~. of
3... Enforcement o.f QomprQmis~,agreements\.vhen . wh¢ther accompanied. wjth •. a cli:jirn· ·_:for.
· Jfrere is rioil·cbmpliance- by. any of' tl_,e__ parties reinstatement (NLRC RULES;Rute..v,·Sec.C'1);, ·
•. p1Jrsu,ant fo Article· 233 (NLRC"RUL."E;S, RuleY, . . . . . .
:$ec .. -1); ·. "· · . · · · Li_kewise,..the°i,,Ais, empowe.red to· is~ue writs.of
4: . Mopetary ,cl.aims. of Qverseas q;inlrad wo.rkers . , execqtion to"·· .EinfoJce decisio_ns · of Vohfntary ·
:arising. from. employ~r::en:iployee relations ·a~ · Arbitrators or ··panel :of Voluntary ,A"rb1tr~t6rs', in•
provided ,by. ?ection.' 10 ·of. R,A No .. -8042 · case qt.the.absence or incapacity of"the: VAor"
am'(3_nded by .R.A. No .. 10022 · (NLRC RULES, the panel of VA for.any i-a:ason(LABOR .CODE,-
Rule. y,~ $et;. 1)~ · .: · _ .. ' _ .. · ;.· · . .-. . Art _2.76). · - .. · · ·
. 5.· lf.. acc'oropanied·With a claim for Be"instc!ternent,
. those cases that wo.rkers. may file·. involving. Note:. Although, the provision speaks. of
wages; .rat.es qf pay, hours· o{·wo~k and· other ·exci.usive and _-·original jurisdiqtio!') _ of.. Labor.
. !eims and conditions of_ empibyment,· (NLR_C Arbiters;·the ·ca·ses.enumerat~d may instead tie .
RULES., Rv!e V, S.ec.. 1); . . submitted to-a voluntary arbitrator by agreement.
. . . of .the partjes (LAB.OR CODE,Ari. 274) ·

'
200 ·1 2019 SAN SEDA.LAW CENT~UZED-BAR OPERATIONS

. '··
 ')~· The Jaw -preters · voluntary over compulsory certification under the same (LABOR CODE,
i.·.
Ii:'.
arbitration. Art: -XIII, Sec: ·3 df the Constitution
provides that . the .State · sha)I promote the
preferential !-JSe of .voluntary_ modes in· settling
3.
· Art. 278 (g));

.
. . · .
Wh.en· cases arise from the !n~erpretatipn orthe
implementation . of collectlve . bargaining
h~.
:i?:-·· disputes," .inc.iuding ·. conciliation, and shall agreements and .frorn the · interpretation or··-
~;:: enforce mutual 'compllance- therewith to foster enforcement of company . personnel· policies·
·•..f industrial peace: which shall be disposed-of by-the Labor Arbiter
by· referrinq · the· same 'to _the griev~rice
~\ Where no l;r-Ee relationship exists·betw~en the machinery and voluntary arbitration; as may be·

'
parties· and no issu.e.'is involved which_ may:·f;>e·· provided in said. ·agreements· {LABOR .CODE, ·
.•
,1,:
resolved by ref¢rence. to the Labor Code, other Art.' 224 (c); NLRC R_{!_LES, Rule V, Sec. 1);·and_ .
Di · labpr. statute~. or ·. any collecp\ie . bargaining 4. When the f.artie~ agree to- submit the case to
agreement, it is the. RTC that. has jurisdiction .. voluntary _, arbitratlon . before a: . Voluntary
ff
t{ .
v.
.. · (L:iipahday-4.griculturafD.e_v'.t. Corp.· 9A. G.R. Arbitration · or panel · of Voluntary t\rbitrators
rft. · 'No. 112139,. J_anuary.,31, 2000) .. (LABOR CODE,Art. 275). . .
f;.:
i'- .E~ami:,te"ofpas_esCogniza~ie by Reguiar Courts J"urisdiction over U!,.:P Cases
:t ·. ·1-. An employee. who. abruptly .resiqned 'can 'be . '".. The ~A hasjurisdlctlon over allunfairlaborpractices
J':. sued for-Dan:iag·es.b~fore.r~gular courts (Eviota . w_hether committed· by· the employers or the· labor
t. . _vs. CA,: GR. No. 152121," July29, 2003); . ,,.~) · 9rgan_izations. However, the LA. orily has Jurisdiction
·2. Ari. E:mploye_r.s co~plaint tor- rei~bursemen\f-ef,:>"./-i..:. 'over !he civil ~s~~ct of .ur:ifciir labor practice·•. !"'hich .
_· trammg_, expenses· is · a collection of sum' _pf.-;(", .-h may include liabiflty for damages (LABOR CODE,
m_o~ey based · on . civ\l laws (Almario · v.l;;f,1;(,,.';~,:;\ Ari-, 258). . . · · . · ·. : · · . .
Atrllnes,,l,:ic., G..R. No· 170928, ·Septemberv11;:· ,.,,:c~- ~'."-' _ . . . ;.. -. .
.2007); ' '. ·. ·. . ·. . : : <.7/.
. !t.-fwi·t,~..9)t;;W.i,ti~ns of the."CBA .are no longer ULP
3.. A former em ployee_'s demand -~or p~y,rn¢.rof the;,:! [~ · unless~tlie7~me ar~ gro_s~ in character, which
market value of the: car . 1ssu,eiii<-'io fonn~~\.~i·J means flag)f!P-\and/or malicious refu_sal to comply
employee, e_ven i_f there is a p1eh.9j(ig ille~~~-~h- witll the e,{fopo~ic;: provisions. (LABQR CODE, Art.
di$mi~s.~1 -case· before · the~;.-Lft,;,_,!1fs'mc;!d · 1'1 274) .. Jl ~ -\.\~ . . .' · ·
• • it' / . 11A •' c· B'"' N \.,
· .'t\." . . •
. . · . ,·
;I ! .
Comrr,unica 10ns, nc., . '!:,:,;9storga,lY · ,,,.;-~. <?..:, ~~-\ . · • : • /~ • . .'
148132, January 28,-200{1)~"-'). :;,:,.,.. · . ">· ~-·~l Junsd1gttonfpve~ll.egal D1sm1ss~I Cases
; . _4. . f. claim for . reimbursem~1;W ¢.:.-:~mon~~~y I'·'. l The ~f~~Jf:i'.g:;1,\1{fv:1a1<e. cognizance of termination
benefits claims ~warded -~ng, to p~;P~.9 tOJ..~t~~ ~:-J disputes_.. ,~/!D~'.le_xe~ci~eof their:respective original
. guard. -e~pl<?yees (J.ag_ua?-:;:-,~§"fi<;Or{r:,- .. add --t~/ ~nd ·exclusive ~unsd1ctions:_ (LV~DN)
lnve·st,gatronAgency, G.R. No. '1ifJ?,4_20, ~pri/ 12, l'~·-:-;-.-:l-p,'.l!;,aborArbiters (&ABOR CODE, Art. 2~4 (a));
2008); _ . . . ·· ·. ~\:....,;W· P;~~--·~_;.1~~91,unt9ry AFbitratqrs,. or pal'IJ:!1- of Volu1:1tary
5, An employee's ~Jaim- for.the reim:iiq1sem~li~t:.fil!.:~:"···-~:.:...d:AFl:iitFatbrs "(LABOR CODE;Arts, 274 &·275); .
. . tt)e value of the car J9an subsi9i~ed .l~}~the 3. · .QOLE Secretary, ·;r:i- the . exercise of his
· emp!riyer un~e~ its c~r.}oafl· po_l_icy (Jil~cJ.9;.v. Hi-_ .. assumption. pow~~ i_n · natj.onar intere~t c_ases
· FlyerF.ood,-Jnc., G.R N9. ,187887, Septe.tn.ber. (LAB_QR_copE,Art. 278 (g)); or: :·.. .. . .
. 7, 2011); . · · . · . . . . 4. TheNLRC, in"national inter~st cases certified to.
6. · Actions ·between: empl6ye,rs aric;I .-empioyees· . . . it. for _compul_sory: arbitration · by the DOLE ..
. ~here the' Er~Ee rel~tionship_ is n:ierely_in_cidental .·. Secretc!rY (LABOR CODE;, Ad .. 27fJ (g)). · . .
and· the cause of. "action.. proceeds.. from a . . . . . . .
different: source ·of, .9bligatioli' are within-. the. Ruling in C~se Qf. Conflict Betv{~~n .LA and VA's
excfuii'v'e 'jurisdiction. :ef '°'.the ~re_gular. court Jurisdiction .· . . .
(Halaguena · v. PH _/!,irlines, Inc., G.R. No.- In case:of cpnflic;:t of.junsdicfjon·between L)',;andVP.
· t 7201 :3, ·October 2, 20Q9). . . over .terrrination case§, ttie LA's jurisdiction ::;hall .
. prevail because_: ·. _: . .
.. Excepti_on~.to t"t,e :original.an~ Exel iv!} us ·. · 1. A. termina_tion dispute. is ·not a_ grievabie issue .
· ~urisdictloli of-LA:.(SNIP) ..: · · : · . thc1t. must be·.. submitted ,to· 'the · gr_iev~mce·
1 . · Wtien · the §ecretary of Lab~r.:c;1nd. Employment. · machine_ry . or. · voluntary · arbitr~tion for.
(SOLE) or lhe President exercises .. his .po~er fo · · adjudication (Landtex"industtiesv.·cA, G.R. No.
·assume jµris~ictiqn ~vernational interest.cases · 1502_78,August -9; 2007); · · ··· ·
and decide them himself.. (LABOR CODE, Art. 2. Once tl)ere is · actual .·termfnation; with the ·
27{)(g)i . . . "alleged violation of . employees' ,rights, it is
2 .. When· ·the NJ.:.Rc · exercises, its ·power of · already. cognizable· by the LA (Atla.s F_ar,r,s v.
. compulsory· arbitration. over similar national_ ('fLRC, G.R._No. 14224_4, November 18, 2002); .
· il")terest cases that are certified to it by the SOLE 3:-· Interpretation . :of CBA . a net ·eriforcement of
. 'p,ursyarit. ta· the exercise. by. the I.alter of hit. , · company personnel policies are merely corollary

?019 SAN SEDA LAW-CENTRALIZED BAR_ OPERATIONS I 201

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i·.
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 JU:Rtso·1cT·1o·N AN·o.·R-E·MEDIE"S
£4N BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS - ME:MORY A/0 2019 · . . ..

~ .
to an illegal· dismissal case (Maneja v: NLRC, ~elationship. As. a ge~eral rule.' therefore;· a -~i~
G.R. No. 144013, June_ 5, 199.8); only needs to be ·sufficiently connected to. the la
4. ·Article 224 is dee.med written into the CBA being· issue rai~ed. a.nd must aris~ tror:n an emp10·
an intrinsic part thereof··(2 -AZUCENA, supra at employee relationship for the ·labor tribunals to h
.528); . . . . ju·i'_isdiction. · (Milan v. N!-RC, (iR. No. 2029
. 5. Article 292(b} grants the rig_ht t_o the disnii$sed· February4,-2015): ·. · · ··
employee to contest his tern:iination-with. the LA
(LABOR GODE, Art. 292 {b)); ·.. . Distinction B'etween Ju,isdictton of VAa11d L.
· 6. Estoppal confer$.jurisdi_ction oi') LA. (Odheda v. .. · . . ·over-Mo~ey Claims . ,
. CA, G.R. No. 85517, 9ctober 16; ·1992); ·apd. '. :·. '
7. Failure of the employer to· activate grjevance
machinery confers:. jurisdiction, on l,A . (AtlfJS
· Farms v. NLRC; G.R. Nq. ·1.42214, November .. ·
. .'timited -only to.· those Those ar.isin.tf fcorn, ....
.arising. from: statutes. _or e.>, lnterpre.tatic;"n.· :d'Pc
. 18, WQ2}. ·' · . · '. . · __· ... contracts 'other than a lrnplementalion of . th,.;.ei]
CBA (LABOR- CODE, CBA::and . . -,~:
· Jurisdiction over -Mon.ey Claims' .. Aft 224 (r:;)). . b:. Those . arising
Money claims (alling within the._origin~I and · the interpretatlon
· exclusive jurisdiction of. the LA may. be: (ARO) . . . . · entorcernent . ·
.1. · Ar:wmoner clai~;· rega~dless o( amo_tJnt, -~,,,.~-.,.,,.....:...""·.· ~ . ·
. accompanied with a claim of._relnstatem::.~t-
· (N~RC RULES,ROie V, Sec:1)"~.· »: -f~_'·.
u l\~---.._~.
. .
:_.'
V ·, . .,.,_,.
company . . personn .
policies (LABO.R COD ;:: ,
Art. 274/ .. · .. · · ·.:>
. . . ~'\-.[ ·, -..:=.:a,~-c-- ~ ./t.. "'- . . . . . ·:s
· Note: This falls within the juri~ 1i.tio'A-~.~-tl)~ .· · .· , V ·;"'>'\. -.
.· . . .. · . ·.
fi~
s~nce. it ·is principally a te~,~~fol6_!if·~i~pfl(e ..,I~~rNet<::~~?<~(f -.ci•:rn . m_ust arise out of_ ·Er-.~~tr
. s1tuaJ,on_ presuppo_sed_ll~a/fJ.!:"P-t~B,f~~-lfr'~m
termination case, 1t bemgi,act:!"Ql1}9arne,~ wilt,!?' ;-tifi~
,~~. · 'l~"' {.(3)allon~.hJP~\9rf(@i\(,1nc1dent of such relatlonsh1P:;l1
.©)herwis1~, ju-(~j'Jicti,ot\ is ··with the regular c.ourts-·1~
claim for reinstatement?CHA/V,-RE'(l5WER, -·~·, (Par¢d.es1v. .F~ c,f:J.f~'€;,hildren PHL; tnc., f3,R. ·No'0t
supra.at'652):
, .
;1
/, µv h
:·~"?·f -· ~--·
i
.--·~- f 1tr4""3'g.i.,-Septerr-b.er9.t~2.015).·. · . ·
~ilfi'.,-..._..· 1 _.. -~'- ·.J \ F""" " ., .
.: . ':}"{'
: ·';_'}
2. "Any l)ion?Y· "cl~im, Bf3~i~w,is ·_of \Wh.et~~(,C -~oLi j£~9ionaffl(!}irEi~\~~ or the duly -~uthorize~(
accory,~an~ed with a c:La1~-fQf. re<~s¥.t~~~hl·~hea!Jni~~ftiersJl ~rEl -~frlpo\Yered,· in ·a ·.summaFf.I
ex_ceecj1~g th~.. a~oun~· '?l. P}°'~~O
~e~t~!nt~-~• ~,roce¢9Jagi tq ~ear.--..,,~g ~Seide. cla°i'"!'S for recov~r~?t.
-. (LABOR cp()E; Af!. 129)~ ~~,; \ · .· ~~ "\</.J( ~/~1 9~,nd. ott,er· minetary claims and· benefits,;.~
·· Note:-The cll:lim does not\.~cessi)fily.a_~~~iJ.?1
or involve._ a termination· caie;. but 'be~~r'~~ei:~~em.BJ6'yed
"1.D1~:~·ig Jeg.}lf int:ereft•. owJng to a~ emp(oy,e~"Or;~f
·11\.po.r:nestr~ or household se~1ce\i;
amount: ~xceeds P,5,000,: ~t f~II~ ~~in~~f'r.-i,.'1"18f.~J.O)(froti;i~. _r~~e -elat1ons~1p (LABOR -CODE, Af!:·tf·
. jurisdiction of the LA:(CHAN,-R&,VIE'?ft/'S..'!P!~~,,;/< '\)°~ · ··. ··. .. , . · ·· ·:__:~;.,
a(662;603).· · · - f¥1l.
.> .. '~· :-!/
· · ·· . : . · -. . ·. · .-t.f; ... M·
4,,.,,,,~·~ • •• :;,-,~, '\.-)./ ~ •

~~-~[sf.1~!9 -0ver cor:itested Cas!')_s · . .

3 .. M9netary claims of gvers.~as contract '0.~~~ · l:. 1:E::&~m:,~in cases_ \_Vhere.·the ~mployer contest~· th~}:'
• •• • • • • •

. , ·. . _.
•• ' : •••

~l
.arising ..·fro_m_ employ_er-employee· r-elations ·ifs~finciings··qph~ labor employment:ahd_ e~foi:ce.mens~
provi<:led-.. by. ·Section_'. 1 Q. of . ~:A.-.. No, · 8042. ·. · _.officer an~ rai$es \s~_ues·supported ~Y. d()Cur;ne.,:itafY,;~f.
amended qy R,A .. No .. 1.0022 (NLRC RUL;E$,· proofs which were ·not con~!dere<:l m the cours~ o(_f
Rufe V,-Se'c. 1). · -~-- ·· :- . inspecti90; .the.". 00Lf:: . $ectetaiy. or his . doly:J
· •' · · ... . authorized . repFeser:i°tativ~s.·· shall.: issue, _writs· Of;'.\~
N~.te':-The i.Ssue of dedt1ction.'for tax .pi,frposes i.~.:.. · ~xec,l)tioti for enforce'rnent iof their- o·raers {L/J,-BOR:}j
. intertVJined'with the m·ain issue ,of whether .the··. COOE;.Art. 128 (bj). . . · .. · · . · :)1
benefits: have. been fllll/ pai<:l. It-is, therefore·,.a · · · · .. ·· . . . ·· . it.
. money. ,c;laim ari~ing · from·. an. e~plbyer-. :Requisite~ tQ- 0iv~st:Regl9'na) -Oir~ct~rs oi-·thei_r:},
0

employee .relations.hip, ·.whict,. falls ·wi!hin .tti~ ·· of

Representatfves :Jurisdiction~ (CEV). . · : ·' \.:·i
.. ·juri~diction of. the Labi:ir" A~biter -(~a.n_los ·_v. . . ·. f .. Th.pt th~n~mployet~ontests the find_ing~'cif the")H
. Servier PHL, "G.R.. No;. 166377; November 2_8, . ·. labor." regulation~ ·o.fficer _am:I rais~s· · i:,sue..s.-.j
2008). . ·..... : .,_· . . ·.''· the(eon; · :.._ . . · . . . :: . : · . . . )}
. ·. 2. -'That:in
• ..
Qr'der fo'\·.
re~olve·s.uch
• .
·i~sues,
,• .
there is . ..
a' >·1•'j
:·Q·laims Ari'~J.ng.f~om. ~r~Ee,R~jatfo~s_hlp ln'ci~des . need to Exatrune ev1d.entiary matter$: arid·· ... · · :i
.Employers' ClaimS:J\gainst an ~mployee .
Claims a.rising_.· from·. an ei:nptoyerl_employee· ·
. 3. . That such:· matters are. ·. not- yerfflable ,in the· ·i
· norm ell .. c'ocirs.e · ·of · insp~ction- _· {Ex-Bat-aan/.j
. relationship ,are · ncif limited to· claims : _t;iy . an Vetera_ns Se_curftyAgenczy'.· Inc., 1v.. _S~cretaty·.,of_..:-~
· employee .. Employers.may also hav~ claim~.against DQLE, G_.R. No. 16_2396, Novem~er 20, 2007). :··);
· the employee, wl:Jich- arise from : .th_e .-. same . . . . . : i
•• ·.1

. '· ·.,,:

202 ·I 2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED ~AR 0PEJ~~TIONS

·. .. . . . . ..
 : JU.RISD.ICTION ANo.· R.E·MEbtE·s
SAN BEDALAW C£NTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS.-MEMOR'(AID 2019 · · . .. .
i w,asic Aase 4Bi·M>W.Mi!AIPH~IM HMMa+t,G·RNPMIIAi

,. to ao illegal ·disl'T)i~sal case (Maneja v, NLRC, relationship. As. a g~r,eral :ruie.' th.er~fore;·..a ·~lalm.
G.R. No. 144013, June. 5, 199.8); · only needs to be sufficiently connected to. the. labor
4, Article 224 is· deemed written into the CBA being· issue raised and must arise fror:n an employer-
an intrinsic part 'thereot (2 -AZl:JCf=NA, supra at employee relationship for the Iabor tribunals to have
.5'28); . . . ·. . . ' . : [urisdlctlon.. (Milan. v. NL.RC, G.R. No. 20~961;
5 .. · Article ~92(1:i} grants.:th1:1 _righ.t to the dismissed February.4, 2015).· ·. · · · ·
employee tocoritest his termination with the LA
(L:ABOR CODE, Aft. 292 (b)); ..· · . · . Disti~ction B'etw~~n J'uF.isdicdcm of VA.~nd LA
· 6. Estoppel confers. jurisdiction Of'! LA .(Ocheaa v. ·over·Moriey
\
Claims. ·-'
. . · ·.
· CA, G.f?. No. 85517; Qctober 1~; ·1992); and .
7. Failure of. the employer to· activate grievance
machinery· confers' .jurisdiction.·, oil LA (Atlas -'Umited .only to·. those Those 'ansing'f(QJJ'l-: ..
··Farms'.V. NLRC; G.'R: No. ·11122!#4,.November .arising. from 'statutes .. or a.· .lnterpre!c1tion .. .or
.. ·.. 18, 2092),:: ': ·. .. . contracts 'other' than a implementation of the
. . :, . . CBA . (LA.Bok~ COOE,· "CBA;."'ahd .t .. ', ·.

· Jurisdiction ·ov.er Money:Claims: ... . Art, 224 (p)). b: · Those . arising fror:ri
·· .Money claims f.alling-w.itt,,n _{he.,origiMI and . . the . -in.terpretati9fi and
- exclusive jurlsdlction otthe lAm~Y:be: (A~or ··· · · . · · . . enforcement . · · "of .
_ 1. · -~ny.moi,ey Clai~,· reqardless 0'..~m_ourit, '-~"'~"°'""":; ~~ .: , ' company . ': pers.onnel
.. acccrnpantedwlth .a .clalrn of ..reinstaten:i~,lilt"'r 1f ·'f \ '1r ·::::-"""' ' . . policies (LABO.f? CODE,
· (Nl,RC-RU~Es_, Rote vsee.. 1); .. ~ ·~· U >V :fr,::, ··.Art. 274)-. ·. ·
. .. . . . . . . ,:7".. ~ ~. L ~~.-.;,, ~--~~.f!L·.. . ,..N.-.::.._..;·~~--=.....:4-_-'----,---:-:----'
,//~
Note: This falls within the juri~El.l~ion~f.-ttie"~t.'A .. · '· . ~ .,;. '\.:· . . ·. . · :
. since itis'prlnclpatly a tetmi,l)titfb.'1'1-qi~ptife.,,,J".t!.0~Not~fvhW~~?c1~1.ri must arise out ·of Er-i:::e
. situa~i~o- pres1:1ppo_sed .t~alfjt~~ie~sffr~m t. ·f -~at1oh:5fiP\~~.g,~,,in.?ide~t
· .teri:n.matlo.lJ ~ase, 1t be1n~7,,acc0~,panie,.EIwit!, Ala .:-.411~- .. ©'.the~s~. JUF!s~,c~or.,\ 1~ ·with. t~e. r.~~ular ~~urts
of such rela_tionship.

supra .af.652). :. JI·>·· . . r--.-·. .: --1.

claim for r~mstatementg(C~Az -REflE.WER, ·,!<,~ (Pared.~;\v.-F~~(~1'?J6h1ldren PHL,_Inc., G.R: NO,
·1 i "-"f'lf.4?J9,.-'septemf ~rfl.i~015). ... .. - ...

2 .. ·A.ny r:n~n~y. 61~im, Ret~~

· · #~ ' \ -.;;,~........,.: I t-?.7 f ~. ··~ ·.
}s · .~r r'~ef'W~_, Lf:~(bi_:~·J/egional: Qife&t~~s or tl:le iul; .;~thori;ed
. · · ·.
I
acc.o,r:n~a.1J1.e.d with_ a ._c 11.11[~.J r~ss.t~t~~·eHt·~~arin!(.!f~~ers/J
ex.cef!dmp _the, a.~ou_n~- / Pt~.&>o e~&rt~!r.tw.; r~i
(LABOR ·Cf?,9£-t Af!. 1_2~\ ~~;;·\· · . · KJ·:.. '\. ··:/ ~ J~i§~gg.s"'jand.
1
(l>~~ftffe°wt<?
ar~ .tE'lfTIPO~e_r:ed,, In a' summary
~ttirca'[if ~eciae. c1~1ms tor.rec0v,i:ry. _.
ptt,er·~f>netary claims ·and benefits, ·
i
I
!
I

.. Not~:-The cll3im does not'°1e9ess!i~ly.a_~ Ji-rrf':.. r:}rl'(ef_~~g"Jeg~f int~r~st,. ow~ng Jo an. enip.l9_ye~".or. ·. l.
or involve. a.fermination·~e;.l::iuCb~q~us~~l=l~~~o emJ?)6yed "\;,d'~r;restl~or household service,
amoimt'·,.,ex~eeds e_s,ooo. :-:it._ f1;1lli:; wit~i · ~t~lENfe[l.s-!!mfr9fn ~r~~~el~t~ons~1p(~B0R ..<?<JDE, Art.
.. jurisdiction oft-he LA.(CHAN,.R~'J(IEWf!Jli"S'-:!P-f _,___.f2'f!i.,~ ~jP- · .· . . . . ,, ·
at- 6'62;6'53):· · ' ·_. .. "'- ..e YY'lf ~--=,.~. 1~ ,. :1--~~_· · · · · '.. .
· · · · · ·.. :_. · . . . - . ·. ~~·.U.l . ·.
3 · Ml;)netary claims of .Q_vers~as contract 'liv.~s
1\: ,!' ,¥"¥'\i~ttc;~o"'.er:C~~test~d.Case.s ,
· [V!.@c~p~ cases wtiere ·the employer contests· .the
, . ..
... arising,·from employ,er-eniployee' relations as~{ihdings· Of' the labor ~mploymei:i( ahd. enfor_cemef!t
. provi~ecJ... .by: ·Section... 1 O. of . RA .. No.·· 8042 .. · · . officE;?r and raises i~ues··~upporte~ftiy dpcu'!lerytary _
· ameh.ded· t:iy.· R.f. .. ,No .. 1,0_022. (NLRC RUL:f$, · .. · · praofs whi9h: w~~e ·_no~ ·coris!dered:in the. ·c<;>urs~ of .
Rufe. V, .Se'c.. 1) ... · '; · .: · · · ·· · inspecti90i .tlie·. DOLE;. : Sectetary · or his .. duly ·
·. · ·: . · ... · . . : · . . · , . . .' : . · ; .. authorized . repFeseotatiV~S..' ·shall' ·issue viirits ·. Of ...
No.ta';:fhe issue of.de.d\;ICtibn:for ~ax p1,1rpo.ses is.·:. · execU.iiori'for eriftirc~men'tiof their- orders .(L!'!.BOR ..
,inte,:twiri.ed·w;th t~e JT1ai~ issue- of whether. t~e·. CODE;:Art. 128 (b)). · ·· · ·
. beneffts have .. been.fully paid . .It is, :ther!ilfore, .a. · · .. :- .
. money. cfair:n atl~ing . from . .'an e~plqy,er- : . . 'RequJsit~s ~Q-·D,v~st' R egic;>t'!~~·Pir~c.~~rs their 0 'b:r
employee...re)lations.hip, .:which, falls within ..tf.l~ · · rtepresenta~iyes of 'Jurisdiction.~(CEV). · ·: ' .
. : · .·jurii:;diction· cit the La_b.qr A~biter (San_lQ_s·.v.·. . ·. ·· 1. .Th._at the :employe'r:.~9ntests the findifl9S of the · ..
. Servier PHL, 'G.R.. {Yo; .. 166377,· November '2.8,. labor r~gulatioiJ~ · offi.cer .· ~no ri:lis~s· · i~sues ·
· 2008). '. · · . : ·.. ·: · · · .thereon; · ~- ·. .·. : · . · :' : · · · ·
·. ·: 2. · Tha.t-io order fo resolve ·s.u'd:i'1ssues, there 'is a' ·
:·Claims Arfs,ng'. f~o~ ~.r-:~e,Rejatiori~.tilp ln'd~des need ·fo- Examfne evideotiary matters; anci· . , ·. · .
.Emplo.yers• Clalm$•~galnst ~n l;mployee . .· 3 .. That. such:·· m.atters ar'e ··not: ·y:erifiable .in the
Claims aflsing. ··.from· . an er:nploy.er1employee . · · norm~I · ·cocirs.e .'of ···in.sp~ctiOI')' .· {Ex-Bataan_
relationship .are · riot· ·Hmite.d to· claims ... ~Y. . an . · Veterans SecurityAgency, -Inc., 1v .. s~cretary:or.
emp.loyee.. Employers. may also hav~ claims' against DOLE; G,R;·No: 1€23Q6~ Novem~er20,- 2007) .. ,.
the employee, which. . arise from .t'1.e . · same
.. ~.
202 ·I 2019 SAN
. BEPA LAW
. . CENTRALIZED BAR
.. OPERATIONS
. . . ... ·.
·.. :
 JU·RISOICT·.ION .A.ND .RE·ME·o1·Es
·SA!f BEOA .LAW Cl;t'T~A.LIZEO BAR OPERA!IONS
~. MEMORY AID 1019 .'
ff ff MMW·PWF·iiiM IU&Ni I Mi A fiifi&i
. ~
·. all the requisites are present, and 'therefore,. the 2. F.iHng.- of a tompiai.nt to·· declare· the illegality of.
Habor standard case .Js covered by the . exception the strik~ ~r ·lockout· with. the· I-A or Voluntary
;:c1ause, the Regional Director ~ill have. to endorse Afbitrator or panel of Voluntary Arbitrator
fthe C<\Se to the appropriate LA (E>t~~ataan·veterens '(LABOR CODE, Ait. 224. (a) (S))i · . .
!{$1;cutity Agency,. lnc.; v.' Secretary ot DOLE, G.R. 3, Filing - of ·an !njunction . petitlon with the NLRC
·.;;)Jo.
...
162396,. November20, ·2007). · · (LABOR CODE;Art .. 225 (e));
)\.

.. 4 .. ~ssumption :of j~risdictio~ by . the DOLE

:Jf-:iurisdiction·o~er:CJaimiffor Damages
·c1a101s for. 'damages under Article 224· of ttie Labor
. Code, to be, coqnizable by the· L.A. .must have. a
:reas~>naple ·corir:iectfon·· With any· of .: the claims
:piovided-'for in .thatarticlecOnly if there· lasuch.a
':~,· connection· with· the 'ether clalms can a claim for.
rl° damages · be considered ' arising. from .. Er-Ee·
,i · re·taiio:nship (PH . Airlines . · lnc., ". v.. Airline · P.ilots .
J/ Association "oqhe PHL, .G. R. No: 2QOOBB, F.ebiuary
.0 :2{51 2018)..
... ·. Secr~tary (LABOR eODE, Art. 278 (g));
5. .Qertiflcation of the labor dispute to the NLRC
. . (LABOR CODE, Art:.278 (g)); · ·. . ·: ·
6. 8ssumption- of Jurisdi.ction:over a ·nalional case
.. ·.by the· President (LABOR-COD~ • ."f\rt. 278 (g)); · .
.7_. Submission ·of a.. national· ·interest .case to a
~ · ·.. yoluntary' arbitration· '(L'ABOR'CQDE, .Art. 278
. . (h})..... · ..
Jurisdiction over ·c~ses .. tn:volving . L99fsfated

r. } . , . . . ·. · .. ·
Claims for actual, ·moral-an~ exemplary and other
'.( form~ of damages thatmay b'l: lodged by QFWs are
· ·

,./ii
· Wage tncrsasas and Wage .Dl~tortion
. . t. .r~. -9.rgani~¢d _e!it:3bl_is~m~n.ts (~st~blish_m~nts.
wherE~· ~here -~re existing .CBA_ or recognized _
·:.;~ coqnizabte by the Labor Arbiters (R.A. No. 8(!~~1{?\. ·. · bargaining unions) - Voluntary Arbitrator or·
f .sec .. 1-0, as ,1rriended:by\R.A-No: 10022): ,<>~'./::
- 1'ri.,. · :p~nel of _:Y°.tun!~ry. Arbi~ators,: ·after the
·:,.· · · · · : . ·. . : . ·· . .t_,:; _,. ;-< iii't1 . · grievance procedure in the CBA failed to settle
}· Jurisdiction. over Lega_lify_ of· Strikes ~nd·.···\11·/~r.Jhe·ca~~-(LABOR CODE, Ari. ~24). , i
t. Lockouts... ·- .· · . . · .. f>fr~ l:,:~/11_;~'.i!~;~'!P~~~J!l-li:zec_:l.establls·hm_ents -.·LA, a~er the f.
:i;. Generat· ~!-,lie: Th0,.:.lA has the-power .~9-~¢ermme>-1 ~t. · p_artie{·'r,i;_id the NCMB failed. to. correct the
i·
::· questions inVolv1rig:~ega!itr ~r illegali~t-'?t·a,s_tril<e~r,'·t..);1 . distorti~_fl((~BOR.COD€, Art.. 124). ·
~-:; lockout -upon .·the f1l11Jg 9f a prpper ·«oJJ)plam~ _an~i-l · J1 . \t . · .· · . 'I
-~. · a~ter ~ue. pro.ceedings (N~MB. ··P_,jfJ/ir )!it:=$1rik~,. · -~url~.di~t);'~ntov~:Er:if~r~eme.nt or Annulm~n~ ·of II•
•,t
·:: · -P1cke!mg ar,d Loclfout; Na: 22)1,"F~eep~pioy.er,, 10..., . 1'A· Co1:rr~r0Jnls1_Ag~~em_ents .. ·· .. · .. : : . -~ I

l.
i ·
case. of a strike, qr, the· _u_nio~(i~-9ase:~!'<alockou~-;1,. f11;J 'F~e L!';fta~JWisd1?,~~'::~· to: the. exclusjon bf t.he BLR
. , may__file. the proper petition -~~rt th!,!"-l:8',:t)~e~~~ 1 ,:.~J
. and f~fB,P]~&:~'1~~J~1:ralDirectors, to: .
decla~apon of the. illegality ·ih~reg,fr:;f9Wdelitt~4 .. ·· l;r_!i' • 1. · Enfor~~C.~fDp.r.omise·agr~em1,mt in case of
,, . !
!
i: Goverping Labor Relation.s..._No.26).~:.',,.·~.'\ . k · ·: 1-if . .non:co?1~1ian~e; ?r .· . · ..- .· . .: · . j
:' . . . · ·. _. ·, . , ~ .i-1. ,~J · · ·.. ]1".::714-r~Nulhfy-.it .If. ihere.:1s a pn.rna fac:;1e evidence. that
'~ ~xcep!ion_:. J~risdiCli0!1 '9Ver l~bor di_s·p.m~:~:iiffectirg. /~;:,-~:.~·~~tp,~ .s~tuemen·~. was obtai1ed .. through' fraud, i
~/-· 1ndustnes indispensable to the na_t1ofl<;1! 1n~er~st,i§':!~.....u,#m1srepi?esentat1on,or coerc19n (LABOR CODE,
r~. .logged w.i{h eit~er: ·.· . ~{~ J>".!J .:. . Art-. 2~3), ..
fr 1. . QOJ,.E · · ~ecretar'y, 1.n. ·case tW:.,--t.>~~mes . , . . . ,. . 1 . . .
Y · .· jur!sdiotion.'tt,er¢oyer; or.· . .'-4.< ~ate: .Article 233- likewfs_e applies to· compromise
2. With the Ni.RC, ._.in case· the -DOLE ·secretary. · settl~ments·,.. · ihc:;iµding. those .. involving,, · labor
certifle~· it thereto. (CHAN; Reviewer; ·.s/!pra at stan~ard~'··.1aws, ·.vbluri.tarily. i.i'greed upon .by tne
. ·659):· · · · · · · parties with".the assistance of t.he NCMB and its.·
. regi.onal bfc:inches ·-(/RR .of lA~OR CODE, Book .V, .
N~t~:·Th.e·LA cannpt adjudicate rssueidnVolving any. . RULE ><?<II, Sec: 4, as:fJm~rided).. . , :: :-.
crimes committed,· ·whether related ·to a .strike· or·
lockout/or. not. Prosecution··or'felq.niesfc!IIS. within . Jurisdiction over. Execu'tion and.Enf.orceme'nt·of
. tl:le ,juris'diC:tjon ·.of·: th'e. ·.regular. courts : of :justice' ·.: Decis'io.ns of Volunta·ry Arbitrators .
·(cHAN.:.Reviewer, supia·at.(160). ·: . · .. · . · , : Where '(he VA. or: j)anef of . VA' who . r'anq~red the
.· ·. de~isipn i~ absent or·iiicapacitated,·Article. 276 of the ...
J~Ji~d~~ti·~~~I · 1nt~.r~l~y. ir)·;:~fr'lk~ -or_· Lockout · . Lab.Qr · Code. 9.rants. 'ju~sdicti9n Jo .any LA. ir1 th,e
: ··cases : . : ,: . . . ,. . ' . region .. whe.re the Winning party resides, to take·
or
A labo·r: disput·e in~oiving ~ strike fockm,1t involves . .cognizance. of a' motion for the issuance ·of tli~ writ
an. interplay of jurlsdictio{l of se.veral labor officials .c;>r . . 'of. execution .filed. 'bY. such. party. anq . ·t:iccordfngiY..
tribum)l~. "T:he·following. is the· outline 'ot·the.interplay .. ·issue such writ.addressed to and requfring·the.public
·in Jurisdi¢tic:in: {NCIA-CAS) · . . officers .. mentioned about . to execute the: . final
1. · l=iling .. of .a Notfoe o( stri.ke oc··lockout. with. the· . decision. order o~·award of the· VA-or·.the panel of
'Natior,,al Conci!i'a.ti.qn and . Mediation · B6ard ·VA
'(NCM!:3) (IRR o.t LABOR CODE, Book V, Rule
XX/I, Sec. 7); · · ·· · ·

.' 2019 SAN SEDA LAW ~ENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS.

, I 203
 JU.R.IS.DI.CTiON ..AND R.EME.D·IES.·
SAWBEOAL:AW'CENTRALIZE.C}BAR OP.E8ATIGNS.- ~EMOR)'.AID 2019 ·.

Ju.riscHction ovt:r Cases· oj Of:.Ws : . . 5. : gmployees of cooperatives; ·

R.A. · No. aD42· conferred or-iginal· and -exclusive
jurisdiction upon LAs to hear" and declde all claims
arising from Er-Ee retatlonsbip or by virtue bf any law .
. or contract involving. Filipino. workers for overseas
deployment, incl.4ding actual; 'moral, exemplary .• and
.other forms of damages (CHAN, R.EV/E,WER,·supra·
. a't 665). · · ·
· Note: .if there Is a 'cBA b~tweeri Jhe foreign
employer and the bargaining unlon pf the OFW, the, .
jurisdiction oyer .rnonetary · clatms · of-the dFVlis
. belongs to the. VA, . arrd-:'·Iiot to the· LA"- (CHAN,
REV/EWE~, supra at 665). ·. . '.
Oth~r. Issues .over-which LAs ha~e·.Jurisdiction: .· . .
. : (GAP-DEC)· ... · · : .: ·.
. 1 .. · Employees- of §O(;Cs · Without orig,in'al: charter ·
Note: LA has jurisdiction 'only over monetary
claims. -and illegal ·dismissal claims, put- not
clalrns ·or termination of membership .(CHAN,
.Reviewer, sr..ipra at '670). · · ·
6-.". £ounterclaims qf emplcyersaqainst employees
· (B~nez v. Vafcjevilla, G.R No. 128024; ,May 9,
· .. 2000);' . . .
The. LA· has· ·NO Jurisdiction over (FIIG-GWa-
MITTF-CCC): ' . .
1. · . Fo~eign governments except wh~n. the function
· or >¥ the foreign. entity partakes 'of the nature 'bf a: .
proprietary activity, it implledlydivested itself of. .
· · ·· · its -sovereiqn immunity from suits '(JUSMAG"-
· :.PHL v. NLRC, G.R. No.' 108813, December 15!

.
July 14, 2008); - · . .. . · : . . r- . . , ,
..· ... ·. : . . .•.
, .<.,= u·
' • (PalolJla.I(. PH airlines, lnc., GJl No: .. 1484.15,!,.,_:.,.~~994);..

·. •.• ·~
2:'.
.

I\ -, J\/NIJR~f:?·No. ?.13191, September 18, 1996), .

.
;!nte(rj_~tion'al.agencies or orqamzations (DFA 'V: .
·· ·

. 2. Disputes involving Allen parties; ~)} £__:~-==-~ !~tra~cog,G~ate disputes which ·fall. under. P:D ..
· .. .' . · 1 · ', • • ·\t•· Y~ · ., : · · ~q._ 9~~'aYlqnow fall-under thejurisdlctlon of ·
• Note·: Tl:le choice of applic~ le"I~ _,9:fasJ,Jiear~~~1:1~-cb9't!:.i,·pursuant to the new Securities
some relationship. -to Jl).t\Oa{ti.9s .<#. th~\» ,""if~- jt·'·R.eg).i)a'ti~l'\~~E\(Locsinv. Nissan. Car Leese
transac_tion (Asia·lh(em_atJona1"-~!/'id~rff'corp 1\
... Jl · G.Ri/vp.
m:-. PHL\ ~o.~567;(!cl~ber 20, · 2010); ·.

1994): :
. . ". . . . ., .· . ' . '. ·1.
r»
MondeJar, G.R. Nos, 10fl.929-3f Dec mbe~~~· .
· -~ II ·
. .e . · .. ,'\ (JJ .. P
--:--· . · 'liflj'i · ,-Ratel When~t~~-P.-¥:1~on oismissed or terminated
~-'11 : : ~~~. lm .~-'-)_!:;:is.ap.rporat~'t!:ffi<?i;},.the.ca.seauton1~tic~11yfalls
. . . · .
I

· . 3. · Labo.r oases 1nvolymg f ·•~stp:'a.nd·rr:ilrn .ers; ; FX{~/1.'Si w1th1n·the.pr~~'!'lc~ of the RT9. Tt,e .drsr:russat of. I;
· ., ... . . ·.. · .· _ c:-11
; .~1...~ •-· :. 1 .. • li ',· 1
~ a . ~~ategomcerNis a1way,s .regarded as -a !
Note; The facMhafa case·,in~\tv~~_%~ •rs~·. ~~~.. ~I1~e.':P,1t:t--.('~fld/or:. an· intra-cbrporat.e
Ii·
. . thereto·..the-chur<;:h".and its~~lfgi~· s minl_~f-..~S~. ~.!'~!21..~-'versj'A_ p6#ition must be. mentioned -ir.i
not . ipso facto.. give . ti\~. ~s. c:1 · .'\ ... ~g,~~S".':'11 · '~/~JPY-l~w.s. · m {Pr~er to be · .consid(:}red . a i
·significahce. If what·is· invotvE,)d is- ·1abo~~:.,,._k"'0'~rporaie office.f (Marc· IJ. _.Marketing; fnc. v.
:,the relalionshipo~.t!'ie church: as.em ..!Q.Y~l.(~E rf\.P..~.JJ]i ·,sontG..R: Ngf171993, Decef'!')ber,12., 2011).
the mlnlster, as ~mployee., i~~ se?ula~.,, ~-f'~ .,>-v,·.: f'..-. . . . . .. . · · · > • • , .
. not re1aie~ to thE:l pr~qtlc~. of".{-e.ill'IJI , ~·.m-=4!''''°'.J~X'~~tr~Q.,.65one.y cla,.ms .c!gain.st ~over~rnent ·
.. REVJ~WER,· .P· 669).· A~·. such;~£_(s te, i-VA'A..~~A,,.~LRr;;, G.R. No. 1'94269, Nove.mber..1.1, .•
.. · .throµ.gh t~.~.l.:Aand the:~~RC., .ha.~·th'En:i~ I ;.L: -...J.S~); . · . · . ·: · · ,· .. · · . . . .. · . : ..
take c6gnrzance . of . the· · case ·. ~o .. deter:mme=~.Cases ,rnvolvmg §QCCs· w1fh orrg1rial charters
. :wh~the'c the ::'church; ·as.· efn~.loyer," righJfully . ·. . . which aregovem'ed. b,Y:cjvil.setyice law, rules 'or .
exer6is!3cl ·' .its management ·pre~ogat1ve to .regulations (CON.ST.;Art. /X-B, Sec. 2 par.-1);
dismiss :·thef r~ligigl.is.,mini~ter.as··. its . ertjploy~~ . ·6. .' Lqcal 'Water district (T[!rijay Water· District .. v:
(Ai.Jstila v. Nt;Rc; G.R.. No. 124382, August .16, ·. · ,': . ··. .. · Gaba,tt:m, '. G.R,: No .. L:-6374_2, April · 17, 1,989);
1:~99).. . · ' . /. ·. .'.. . · . ·. . . · · . . . . . . . except. -wh~re· .NLRC jur-isdiction is· invoked
· · · '· (Z.amboariga City Water. Dist'ri.ct v. Buat, GR. . ·
,.·4, Qom~sticwor\<ers·o,kasamb~hay;. r ·fl!o.104389, May 27, 1994);.: ... ·. · . · ..
. 1 .. Tt:ie ·ijggre~ate Money cl~im .doe.s l'.l.or excee~
·: ,Note.:\.A ·h~s .jurisd"icti~n 'if t~ am~unt of claim .. · P5,000 pesos. and' .without claim ·fqr
· ·exceeds· P5,000; otherwise, juosd°lction:is .with.· , · feinstatern'ent.' (Rajah ·Humabo.o- :Hote't1 ·Jnc: v'.
.. DOLE ·Regii:m.~I D.ireqt9r' ·(CHAN,. Rev(eV(er;.· · . 'Trajano, G.R. N,os, 100222-23.' September 14,
· · sapra,at 669}'. ··· ·. · . ... ,· . .. · .' .:... _ · '• 19.93); ·.. ."· . .. . . ·. . .
8. . Claim · of employee fQr ca.sh ·priz;e u'n9er. the
of'
i·. 'IRF{ Do~e~tic' W~rk~~s· ;~ct .pr~~ides' t~?t· all ' !rmovation Prog,ram .of .the company, although
·. rabor~relate'd'disputes ',shall pe ·filed· b~fore the .. ar.ising from empl<;iyet-errJployee.. relationship, is· ...
· .DOLE; Field/Prov1ncia)/Reg'icll1'al 'Office havi.ng one requiring ·appl[cation of gen'eral civil..law on ..
juFis~iction over the worJ<plectCe·(/RR =or Domestic contracts which· is within the jurisdiction. of the .
. WorkersAct, Rufe XI, Sec. ·1).
. . . .
· regular co1,1rts (San Miguel Corp. v. NLRC, G.R.
No, .L-80774, May 3_1; 1f}.88); ., .

204. . I .2019
. . .BEDA
. SAN . LAW CENTRALIZED
. BAA. OPERATIONS
. ' ..
 .\.

JUR-IS·DlCTl-0.N .'AN.D ·REMEDIES

SAN OEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS - MEMOR)'. AJO 2019 ,
ii&M :ijzs&&dFMiiMWIXS. a fftA'WliRE+ViPft{ENt,MCCdH#§tiP +!"'i M!'Z§X!WWMM,MS&f~a

Cau~e of action is based on quast-dellct or Tort a. That .it· is expressly §.tipulated · in the
which 'has no reasonabte connection with any 'of overseas employment contract "that a
the claims enumerated In Article 224 of the Code specific for.eign Jaw shall gov~rn; · ·· · · ·
'such as complaint for damages . for malicious b. That the torelqn law [nvoked must be proven
prosecution _against the employer (Pepsi Cola before the courts pursuant-to the Philippine
Distributors of. tn« PHL., "Inc. v. Gal-Jang; G.R. rules on .evidence; . . . .
N9, 89621, September 24, 1991); . c. That the foreign law stipulated in ·the
1 o. Complalntarisjnq from 'Yiolat(on of .a Iraining · · overseas employment contract rriust-Not be·
. ·a·gre·ement (Siiigap<;,re_· Airlines, Ltd. v. Pano; contrary . to law, morals; good -~ustoms,
. G:R. No.. L-47739, June 22, 1983): . . · public· .order.. or P.L!bfic:-. policy of the
1.1 ;. Whe"n ·the LaborArbiterls ah lnconvenlent forum Philippines; and . . _ . .
under the':_bo_drine of forum. Non Conveniens d. Ttiat the overseas: employment .contract .
.(Com_municationM_atefig_ls:&" Desig_n,'tnc:v. CA, must be ·_erocessed th.rough the- P.OEA
G.R. No .. 192223,-Augusl'22,-19~_6).·. (IPAMS v, De :Verc1, · G.R.· No. 2_05703, ·
.: ·' Marcn·07~ 2016). · · ·
Ncite: Under the ·Rule of Forurri on Non·
a
Cc:iflvenlens, Phllippine Court or agerjc;:y .m~¥
assume-jurisdiction over the case if it-chooses to
12. Termination of_ membership in a _g_oopeiatiye
organized. under RA. No. 69~8·;· otherwise
· ~ . do so: provided: (CD!=)" . .. . ·. · . known as.. the Cooperative · Code of· the
· a.". "(hat the 'Phlllppine Court is one to which the .r: Philippines. (R.A. Np. 6938, Art. 30); ·
-,.- .· . parties may Coriveni_en~ly resort to; - · . ,.1(~/"} · 13. Constitutionality of _g_BA Provisions. (Hafagil(!fia'· ·.
~~. b. ,That_ the Philippine Cou,:i fs in. a. positi9{tot,/,,\ · v. .PH Airlines, tnc., G.R,· No. :1-7201'3, October2,_
,~_- ·· make-an i_ntelligent De.e1s1on as to th_e1,la.~.- _. ,·.,). ·2009); arrd · ·· · ~ · ,
f _· and the facts; and. · · . · .... · .\J J:.: . . ·J,.)A~._Thbse.,.,c,?vered by the rules on. _g_or.porate
~c:· G. That the Ph_ilippi~e.coui:t has ?r. IS hk:~l9'~!?~· /1\:_;_._~_:tel;lat>iOt~tjon(Molina v. Pacific.Plans, lnc., G.R,
f
i<:-
have power to!;nfqrce its c:!ec1s!9n;'.(Mam1a~"·t
Hotel Corp.· v, N1'.fJ.C, G.R:.•-;~pr 12007'.~l-.!
'j· No:-'1•€>!31_.\6, August 15, 2011) .. _
j,F)N. .
·

·!
~/
0 ·_ • .. October_.13; 20'00).
· · _ ·, · ... : · ·_. -. ..
. \/~-(l_· . .,,;..:>
.:i~I,. f ... ,s-..,t'
'i\ _Note: All cJ~i{hs~~ga(ns~·a_.~ist_r~ssedcorpora~ion are.
l"'f.. suspend~. ijTh~- 1_nd1~cnminate suspen~1~n .of
·~~ !h_e_c_o11tra~tual ct,o'.ce_of law ,s_~~.,r.a._eter1)1-Q,aJ_i,ve of f• ~ actions ;jfor~ clauns inter.ads .. to · expedite · the
('-. ·. Juns91ct1or:1 _ancUhat.,t m_erely 9~.f~mln~~~ha~law I~--- l;j rehabiliJ;itioriH of ~e · di:>tressed. c;:orporation by.
~_- ._ ·ap.pJ1~bl~ m· the. c.a_s_e .. The.~:;,,.µrt,;E.':il~~!;l.J?.he~~~ -~,A enall!{~~re:;.i'D°:$.~pgeme,:it· com_mittee or-._ th~
ii!_ · doptnn~ m .Ronfhc~~ o_f laVl'.. ~~~_s_,:w~~,r.E:J~e. P~-~ · _-t,-·/ · rehabilitati.on.'...r.e,ceiver to effectively- exercise · its
}. .ll]~Y re~u~e_-_1mpqs1tj~n on its !u~1~1fP.Q~)~~re it 1_'s -· I:'/ powers free trqm any: -judic_ial o·r ex:trajudicial
~ _· not !~e most fOrJ'(er}let\f_ Or al(a1laoJ~~rfo_rum;~11d ~!fl!=) . p;_inj~fference.that might unduly hinder Or prevent-the _·
_;; Pc!rt1es ar~ not precluded fr?m: see~t?.i/~~~1es..-,tl;,,.,.,·r~s~11e:-;;,PL t_he debtor _aon:ipany. The -Rules .on
1, ·.. else_wh.~_re. While. the _Phfl1ppJn:es·-~~pe~ts./A~~---u1c!.'Gl:>t-pofaTo....:Rehabi_lltation unifprmly applies ·to_ all
{. P,13rtres a_uton.ory,y I? C?ntract, ~UC~ r_E{~PE:C~r-realc:I actions· f_or cla_il'ns ~IE:d against a · carporati_..on,
· not . ,be. so - perm!ss1ve. as. to . Jqs~~~~_!g~t. ?f . partnership or assoc1at1on under' -managen:ient · or
·cons1der~tions:of law, morals, good customs;"'.~ubhc:: receivership, without distinct[o·n_ exciept· .those.
f order cir P':]bJiC, poliqy_1(4Sa2uod1ia5/·· R.ebesencio, G,.8. . expei:is.es jncun;ed in thE! or~inary course.ofbusiness.
r:; · No. 198_!587, ~anqar:y , . ,_.,., · - · . . (Molfna_ v.- Pacific Plans,· inc., G.R." ..No. 16~476,
f · - · · · . · · · · · · August 15, 2011).
i'i-· ·.. In so:,uling, lhe,Co_urtcited'·tti~t the .all thei- requisites
~- · for the exercise-of jurisdictiqn: are. present su·ch -a~_
i: (POE)-' . . . . . . .. .
t. ~ · a.. AH.lbe parties a~e baSed-.o~.. -the. .E.~ilippin~s
NATIONAL LABOR
i:: : . and 'all material incident_s. tral')spireq in this
~ · ji.lrisdiction; · . _ ·-. . :· · . · . · ,·.. . REt~ii:oNs CoMM:rss:toN ·
:'.·· ·. · b:- The Philippine.Tribunals ~re \n 'th~ positio_n (NLllC) .. :- .
!-· · · .- . ··:tp,make· an intellig~nfQe·e1siona~i'to. th~ law . .... . . . .
~· . at)~·fac(s; and'· ·:; · ·.. . . . ·
i · ·. · c. Philippine Tribun~ls-can _sn:force its (;lecisior:i ARTICLE· 220:. NATION.AL· LABOR.. R.ELATIONS'.

r
f ($a_udia v. RebesericiQ,· ~.R. ·No. 19587, .
Jah~arr 14, ?01-5) .. · . · . ·' •' _ _-.. . , .
GOMM.ISSION. . . .
The NLRC is an.-administratlv_e quasf,.judicial bo_dy,_
•

i~ '
;;:
Requisites· -for a- Eoreign ··La_w .io· .govern
Overseas Eniployme'nt Contract... ·. ..
·an_ var.id \he priric_iP.al government.a!;}ery9y_ttiat h~ars ar,id
decides ·l_abor-m;mag~ment disputel>. It is attacheo
to the DOLE for program and: policy co.ordination
t;• A-'fo"relg·n Jaw .may ;govern overseas employment
corifract when the followin!:frequisites are present:
only (LA!?.OR CODE, Art 220, as"amer,qed by R.A..
No,· 10741). . .
t\ ·-tsiN-P). · · · · · ·
r:-.
.:,

t
~· ..
2019' SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATI_ONS I 205·
 • I

.J-URJSDICTION·ANO.REMED·IES
SAN SEDA LA_W CENTRA~IZED BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID;:J.019

Cornposttlon The members nominated by the workers arid

1·. One Chairman; and , employers organization shall divestthemselves of
2. Twenty-three Commissioners (LABOR: CODE, .. any· affiliation with, or interest in the. federation or
Art. 220;as.amendecfby R.f'. .. No. 10741). 'assoclatlon .to ·which. they belong· (LABOR' CO.DE,
Art. 220, 'as am_ended):. .
Note: Eight members each shall be chosen only
from. among the nominees -of the workers and . : Note: The ccmposltlori of the NLRC is 'trisectoral.
·. employers orqanizatlon. The Chairman and. the . .
·7 remaining members shall come preferably . ·· · Trlpartism is the representatiort.of the three sectors.
from the public sector, with the· latter to 'be . . .; in th'e policy-making bodies of the· government
·. chosen .from among the -mcurnbent labor :··. ·namely.(P~T): ', ' ·
.. A'rbiters·(LABOR CODE, Art,: 220, as amended). 1. .p_ublic.-or 9·9vernment;· .. , .
. . 2.. .!;_mployers; and" · ·. · . .
.· Coin~isirion en-bane . . . . ·3·: Ihe\york'e.r.s·(l.A~ORCODE,·Ar.t.·290):
:fhe COmJi,Jss·;on Shall sit en bahc 011ly for purposes · · · ~ · · · ·· ·
. of· . . Tliefe ·is ~o : need. for ·'the C9ni~ission.. · on
. 1.·. Promµlgati~g rules and regulations governing to.
... · Appointments confirm the position's in the'NLRC.
the hearing and· disposition. of cases beforeits ·such requirement· '\i'as<no .,cons.tl.tu~i'onat. basts
Divisions 'and Regional Arbitration ·Branch~~""=-~...:.~~roh_ ·v. · Ceret«, .G.F?: No ... 9.1636, Apri/ 23;
.2. ~~1~u_latio~ · of. . ··p~li~!~s·· a~_~efrn;,;s lJ }{J_r~. :· ·,. · . . · · . . . : .
. -adrnirustratlon and ope-rations ([!lfBcJ'ffiq9~ ...=: _.,,.~e '.:fre~iP:fJP!"-\.9._fat· least 2 Cornrnissioners of a
..
.Ari. 2?0, as emended}. · . /~ .'\.,~- - . · DivlsrOQ_,~al.lJ,@{!stitute a quorum (Calderon· i,:•
. · . · . ·- . .: · · · f ~-<;7:·:_.~~.,. _?e..,€ar:a!J!,t, ~':-~_ljo'::9/tfj36, April 23, 1992) .. · .: . ·
En Banc Session~ l ,"h 1 £j. ,if 1rn · 'T . w \ '\:"'rf1:}\ . · -
1. A rnajority'of all-the members ~f'tn~r.Co missio_n A~\ Lf-b.e:con~urre~lf of 2-,fOn'lmissio·ner'sof a Division·
· .· ··
may call a special en bJJ1,G ses§io'n t .1 discuss stJ.all be\ nece~~~rf)t~r:the pronouncement of .a
· and decide 'on urgent ~hcf~ta,f matt~rswni~~ J~g~}or resQli'.fli~i;tf!-ABQR CODEE, Art. 220, as .
. .need ir.nmediate.action-((,,/1.:-RG:ff!ULES.\RU!~C··;z~ ,-:;:,{j~end~&byR.A~Wo ..1'¢741).. . . ·
· Sec. 4 (a))· · -~ ~ef.'{M · \ . &.~ -· ·~ . · ·-,1 · i~~, ~ · · ·· · ·. ·) '
2.. A majorlty~{allthe.men,°b"erg:_gff~he~,~J~·~ ~~he· Elfr!,9_· rf;hall·1'1?sign~te such n·umber of
·\ . , constitute a quor.um (N\Ff.C,rf:?~LE$'J)3P""@¥
,Sec..4 (b)); and· · . · ~'Vi·_)\\ ·.\~~"
'I" J~e!J16.~ti .
~: :..... ··.
,.v<I~. 1hol),J1 ?,r:n/lll~~~~r~ ._wh~n~ver' the req!Jfred
10}1 D.lv.IB.iffi1;nsT.)_ot ~omp1e·te·and/9r the
3. - T_he l(o~e . or. concur.ren?e \'?ftqe ~?Jor d)~h~"' ~§~~6ce ;1,t,f . 2. +eo.mm1ss1oners . !J'anryot . be .
""!embers .constituting a q~orum '~~all o/"t~/0!¥'aiQ~ ... t9/~rnve.Ak-a .judgment· or res9luti\'.:>n
. ~ecision or. r~solution. of:·~ ·comm!~sio.o.~c_·,Jt'q-=r~~~op~. Ar,tl-22(!,·.as amende.d): . · ·
banc_("!_LRC RULES, R_ule Vll~ec:4{{g'r.),,,..::::.·~~~,::,- lf!. · ··.
. Jj-~y . . ·.
· ,. . · · ~- ..(_911 ·-,=-=-"""'<i}on\aj~atij)~·· · ·.. . ·
. 'Note:' The.'¢omryii~sion,·v.:hen-.s.ittin~ ·~~!:~i1;,... 'l\ ;.( of~
J!.ti1tG?~clc[~16~s Piv!s!on ~n· a_n·y·cas~ or matter
· on :-.temporary · or · emergency·· bas1~; · allo~~~es f,; l)~u}:l(Wit('c{.'tort for . dec1s1on shall .. be reached in·
wi.thin·the juri~diction of an.Y Division to be oeard-:67-:=""""i><>'consult.atior:i:-: befpre :the ..' 9a~e is assjgne9.·:to: a
· al}y' .. other .. DMsion who.s~· .. docket· ·allow$: th.e · merriber.Jor:-the· "VJ'itirjg of the.·opinipn: rt-shalt be
. a~ditional wprkto·a~arid such transfer.win notexp<;ise . (lian.da~orxfor :the Divisi?n·. to. .meet fur l~e _'purpose
litigants to uhnecessary additional. exp·ense.-(LABOR .· of the consulta\ior\ ordajn~d hereiR (LABOR,CODE,
CODE, Art. 2.20:·as amen(led by R.A. . f:Jo:
. ..
10741).- . Arj.. 220, as·amenda.d}>.
. · ·.. . "" .- . . .

ARTICLE. ·221: 'HEADQUAR,:-ERS, BRANCHE$, A certific,c;t)iorJ: to....thi~. effect ~ign~~ by..th.e. Presidfrig...
. AND.~ROVlf"'ClAL .EXTENSION UNITS. · · Commissioner ·Of the Diyision'shali be issued ·and ·a.
· The Commission arid its 1 si 200 3ro · 4th 5th · and 5th . ·:· copy,·th.ere.ofalt?c.lied .to.the recor<t of the case-and
. • divisions shan have.ttieir main office~Jn Met~opo1itan . se.rved·\1pon.thepartfes (LA~6R CODE, Art.' 2.20,.as·
. Manila,. and. the 7th and. 81h' divisions ·in .the cities. of amendiidr ·. ... . . . . . . '· .· . . .
. Cebu· and. Cagayari De Oro; respectively ..(LABOR
GODE, Art. :221). . ~. ·~ . · . - . .- .. Di~~entl~·g O~f'r1!on. . . .. . . . .
.Should any member of a. Divii;ion indicate his/her.
Compos'ition of a Division: - intention· to. write: a disser:iting opinion,. h~/she f!Jay ·:
..1. · One Presiding ·Commissioner ·'{Public ·Sector); fil!=l the.· sa.f!Je:·.withln the ,period presc'rib:ed. fqr
.. and. .... . '·. • . . . . deciding or'resdlving th.e appeal;· ott,ei:wi$~; suc:ti ·
2. ·. Two . Members (W,orkers .· and Employers · . written dis~entlhg opinion st:ic,111. npt be .corisiqerEld
Se~tors) (Lf',BOR CODE, Art: no.
:f)s amended· . part. of· the recor(is of the case '(NLRC;:RULES, Rule
'lj}/ Ft~. No. 1Q741). . VII, Sec. 6). · ..

206 2019 SAN BED.A LAW CENT8ALIZED BAR OPERATIONS.

 v.:,·

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~:,· .JURISD.ICTION,AN:0-REMEDIES · j
,., . SAN B£DA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019

.'!~fr.
~i'. DIE WEACNP@&AH

Inhibition·
be. RA ti a W P6HltM46i&W
.
MR_ .
.
. A formal or tric1l-type hearing is not at all times and ·
j/ 1 .' No motion. to inhibit the entlreDivision of the. in all instances essential. to due process,. the:
-~: Cornmlssion shall _be entertained.. rE:Jquirements of. which are· satisfied where par:ties
·,. · 2. Any Cornmlssioner may. inhibit himself/herself are· afforded -reasonable opportunity to explain their '
from the conslderation and resolution 'of ;iny ·side of the controve.rsyat hand (Llora Motors; Inc. v. ·
case or matter before the Division and shall so Drilon, G.R. No. 82895, November 7, 1~89). .
state in writing. the . legal or. [ustifiable. gro\li'lds ..
therefor. · ... Notwithstanding Article 227, the Supreme Court had
3. · In case 2 Commissioners in a 'Division Inhibit "the following to say regardirig_th~ lax appliqation. of_
themselves iif a case or matter before ,t,. -the , procedural rules before qlJasr-judicial _proceedings:
, Chairman shall designate·· 2. Comrnlssloners .. Proceduraf rufes:a're no~ to be belittled, le1 alone-..
.from other Divisions representlnq the respective . disr_nissed' sjmply because their'. nori'-observiin.ce
fector of· the Commissioners , who · ,inhibitec!- .may·: have .. rest.ilted in· prejudice to a p_a.rty's
themselves (NLRC RUL,ES,"Rule V/1,.Sec, 7).•. · substantial rights. Utter disregarq of the .rules-cai1F1ot.
. ,,·· .
· be justjy rati_onalized by harp'ing on- the. poli9y _of
Abstentlorr . . . ll.beral· consttucti9n (Qaikoku Electronics PHL, Inc. v.,·
The Chairman. shall desjgn_ate such· number -of Raza, C3.R. No'. .:181~8, June q, 2009) . .". · ·. ·
additional Comrnlssloners belonging: to the same
sector from the · other Q1vis1ons as may. : be . . Note-: Res judicata applies only to judiciaj or quasi•.
necessary. In the eve"nt th~t·:all the members of- a,u<;?, . judicial prpceedings and nol to the . exercise' . of
. divi~i·on inhibit"thems!3lves'fro~·.res~l~ing ~ ca?e,)n.,fv)< adm~n!strat(ve powers as well as proceedings-purely_
Chairman may create a -Spscial D!v,sio~ or as.s19.1f,.,,fif_'\ .admin1strat1ve._ · m nature. Therefore, when. the
the · case Jo any of the 'other Divlslons (N'lj.!f{Qi,t.: f!-f\ administrative proceedings take- on an adyersary
RULES, Rufe Vil, Sec. 4 (c)). · , . . . ji /;,:j.1r;{!~...~-b!-!ra<?ter1 :!h~ doctrine of r~s judicata certainly ·
, . . · ,,;7
l"'·~:;t;,~=~~tapplies (Heirs of Der/a v. Heirs of Der/a, G.f?. No.
Consolidation of Cases · · .· ,ri;(:x . .~!Y [1 ·
157717, Aprij_:f3, 2011). . · . .
Appealed and injunction cases invo))l1~'frtlie sam,,et-_4 . · · · j};J\\ · . · · . · ·. · ..
parties, issues, or related. questions ~BW~t or' l~yv-;,,--:'). Amicable j>~ttlement ..
shall ·be. cohsoUdat~d befor~: the ~~mt~i~~r·~o·· -, t} ·
Th~ :Corrypiis'~io\ m'.'ly exert>all. ef!orts tow~r? tt:ie .
whom the case· with the IOW!;!sffease "r;iurtrber. l~t · r·i\ am1cablw sei!rer:n~nt of a . labor dispute w1thm ,ts .
assig,:ied (NLRC RULES, Ruld.N!!; Sa~~l--. ~-.. r,\
jurisdicU6n (if/..RC·twr.ES, RULE VII,·Sec. 11) ori"or
' . . . . . \;.1:.7 ~ ~f~
~It-·. ; 1!~
qefor~ilf-1ffr-sJ;~~n_g_ or during the m~n~atpry
Notice of the consohdat_1on .sh~,!!.be:,WY1!1;by.,11\~-..: ~;,;( confe~e_nce~~...forthe purpm;e (NLRC RUL/;=S, :-'
Executive Clerk or_ Deputy Exee:1:1Jf~~t.~lew.,to th,e ··., (rl·. RULE. V,. Sec.B(b); as amended by En Banc
other members of the .~oncemed_.U)~Jsion~,,YNLf?C':· ).>-•',,...fl(!J._!f/J{uf;on No: 05-14r S~ries of~_014):·_';,yheth~r in.
Rl)LES, RuJ1;1 VII,. Sec: 9). · .· 1~~J . · ·
,.,-,}:~;;;;?.~i<JJipr_ '.ull s~t~lement _o~ _th_e d1spute,,-1t· ~hall be . ·
.. . . . . . . . .1,(":· .
,.tl1'~-:---;......,:ed_uc~~o wntmg 13nd signed- by -~he par:t1es _a.nd
'Techmca.1 Rules Not Bmdmg . · ·~~··._ · r~'['if . their . counsel ,()r · the .. patt1_e~'. .. au_thonze.d
Th~. Rules of Prqced~r~ and Ev\d~nci(Pk~~.J1jnfl'i!1_. _·. represenJatjves-(Nl.:RCRt!_LES, R._U~~ V, ~ec.8 (p), ·
coµrts of law .;1r:id eqwty shall, not__ be contrqlhng a_ni;j . . EJ$. amendeq by .En. Banc. Resolution .. _No.: ..05-1"4,
the ·commission shall us_e all. rea·s.onablti me.ans to.. . · . Series of 201'4). . ··.
ascertain· the. facts . iri. eac.h.. cas~ . speidily: and . . . .
objectiyely;. without regard ·to technical!fie_s of law or.· _ The.s~ltlement of cases on. ~ppeal, to _be valid and
procedure, qll in th·e ii'ltei'est of due!'..process. (NLRC , ·:·. binding b~tween th~f parties, stiail ·be .apprpved b_y
RULE_S, ~ule. VII,. S.ec. · 1,0)._..., . the· CornmisSio~.(NLRC_ RUt.:.Es;. ~ule VII; S~c: 11) .. ·
. .

Adminis\r.;1tive bodi~s like the .NLRB .are· not_p9und .
by ttiei technical· niceties of
la\\!' arid ·proc:"edure and·.
the rules obtaining in cp_u~s·pf law: However. while
.it is true tha_t adriiinls~rative' -<;>r' quasi-judicial bodies...
.. · .like the NLRC are no~.bound by:.the:t.ecf:lnical rules-.·
. ' of . pr_o~edure : in the adjudication.• ~f ·cases";'" this
. proced1:1ral rule shot,1ld not be construed,as-a license
to .d_isr"egard.certl:!in fu'ndarrientj:ll evidenti~ry "r9les: .
' · The evidence' prese.nted must b~. sUbstc!A.tial ~o-
support· . a finding Of concl1:1sion.... (Lepanto·
C,onsolidated · Mio,ng co;. v. · Dumapi$, G.R -No,
163210, August 13, 2008).
Finality of Decision of th.e Commission .
Gener.al Rufe; The decisions,: resolu~ions oi' orc:Jers' .
of the Commission shall b.eco·me.final·arid executoiy .,
after··10 caleni;tar 'days from re"ceipt.thereof by· the
counse.l or. a'uthorized r_epresentative o·rthe: pf!rties if
· not assiste'd by. c_ou~s.er ·or _representative (/1/LfW .
RULES, Rufe VI!, Sec, 14)." . . .
exc~ption: in c~se the ctecision: ir)c1u<:1es -an order of
reinstatement; the Labor Arbiter shall· immedialely_
i~sue writ 9fex¢cution,even pehdiog appeal (NLRC
RULES, Rt)le XI,. Sec. "12). . .

. 2019 SAN SEDA LA'f! CENTRAL,IZl;:D B~R OPERAilONS I 207

 JURISDICTION AND REMED· f ES
SAN BEDA !.,AW CcNrRALIZED,BARo~~RATIONS:. MEM0R'f AJQ 2019
tIM&A A Ntiilfi M Wdf:Si B@id#Mil SMi ii itMW! :A k·!IBHIH btei+ WNP¥ IWI

In any event, the decision of the L.abor. Arbiter ARTICLE . ··222: · . APOIIIJTMEt>lt ANO
reinstating a di§miss'ed or separated employee, iris'.~- QUALIFICATION·s
far as the reinstatement' aspect is concerned, · shall Qualifications of the··. Chalrman · and the
immediately be executory, even· pending appeal. comrnlsstoners: (R.EIV!-1§}. · · .
The employee s't:iafl,elther be 'admitted back Jo work 1: Preferably. a Resident· of the region where he is
under the same terms and conditions prevailing prior -to hold office· · · · · ·· · :
to. his dismissal or separation or, at the option of the 2. · .Mu~.t' have ·g~perierfoe or 'exposure i.n handling
emptoyer.rrnerely reinstated in the· payroll. The · . labor rnanaqernent relations for at least 5 years;
posti.ng of a ·bond by the ·~i:npfoy13r shall not slay·the 3 .. · Must be a M,ember:of the Philippi11e Bar; and :
execution .for ·.reinstatement. provided . tretein 4. · Must have _been engaged in the. practice of taw .
(Baro.nda v.· ·9A,. G:R.· No, 161006; October- 14,. . in the ·Philippines. for at least 1.5 years (l:.ABOF;?
-~015): :. :: · . . .. · ' .. . · . i:;;ooe, Aq .. , 222, as emended by R:A No..
10741). ·. .. ,. ". . . · . ·.. . . ·: ·
If ttie,Labor Arbiter ordered the· reinstatement of.an -. ·. .
employeeandtheemplcyer opted toreinstate him in· ,· Duties of theChairman: {ACiA) .
the .payroll, such 'employee lsnot-obllqed to refund: . 1. Exercise exclusive ~dmi!"istr~tive supervision
theamount o(salary:i'eceived.dur'ing thetime he_h~ ·. ?~er t~e·Commissio~ a.nd)ts.'regional !;)ranches,.
reinstated inthe payroll, should the NLRC reverse . · including theLabor.Arblters (LA.BQR-CODE, Arl ..
saidorderof reinstatement on appeal (Garcia v, Plj;.::;-_;,,""=_. ?20, as ~mencf":d.?y.R.A:·No. 10741),' .. · .
. Airlines, tnc., G.R. No. 164856, January 20 ,,?.@(7§'/.'· lT \ . ~~~aJI t_he_ Comm1ss1~m .to an en bane session. at
. ·. · . · ·· ~ j:.J:~ .. ~- · l
j j\}ecJ.sftw.12e_a :>'.!:ar (J.ur:,_e and December) (NL_RC
/<_~ J:'~~~~;}~IJlJL'ffS,:'Rl.!.{e__VII,
r
.. ,Entry of:Judgr:nent . . .: ·... · Se~.,4 (d)); · . . . .
· Upon the expiration o.f the 10 cal~-~.,.rc:t~{p~nod, . · 3. --.:g~iit~yAr\~JI
ses~lons of_the_ Comn:i1ss19~ en
. ·th!!' decision, resol_ution, or ord.er.{tiall[b~,-enterJ;td4n''''''1F._."'.,..-P.,_~!1c-~f:~ kl.,/LIJ-$, Rule 11_11,. _sec. 4. (d)); a~d·
. a book of entr!esof ju~gment /'/"::)-~
.' ' . {; ~J,};; . ,
'fB\ y 4'r
8?~~s::.t~ay~t~~ngComm1ss1_oner of tl')e First
. Jr· ~ ·.fJ\\. p1v1s1on {JW-fc;_F{VLES, Rule VII, Sea.· 4 .(d)).
In th'e absence of retorn carql;l.,certifi~{tions1from th~- ;;.(')..;,:,.N. t .. ··,· \ . · \(,£!") \, · . th c· ; : . .- . ~- f th.
post <;>ffi?e ·.: or th~ courii:!P~~tioriz_ed
_Commi$$i~n ~r othe_r proofs,~~~er.yic9:to th~ p.al"it~~
f159~~e-'·-rr-
J·~li
~ e~:-·A-:C~,S; .o\t ai:sen!'i,:I ... e. omm_1ss1~ne,. ? E:
Fsb~9nd. [o1x1s1.o.lj\ t;;s~!I~ .be the . Acting ~ha1r:man .
.th~ ~e?UtiV~ C::l~~k or Dep~~~ffi,xe~ut1.ve Cierk_·s~al~ini%l~~c ~~LE~:,fW~'~ Se._~·_3).· · · : ·. ·. . . _
cons1der_th_e dec1s1on,_ resolLIJ1?n.:olj~rd~~!l~-;;;:S;-..:.I~f~i:r.
_ex"'.~':!_tory after· .60 calend~~}<!aJ~, fro'@~1-d~~:,?fi'c1i1J,.tftlile
rt:la1hng_(NLR~ ~-ULES, Rule~y-t(f,Ss,c. ~4.
. .· . . - . · .
.Y~\( ~-
· .\\ ·. \. · · · tf -~. J· ~~!·- s1~11 ·!}Pl/participate in the voting· b'y
."9'!.Y/t~i{ .'e;tepf.'.EJh'eo. he/she is ·acti.ng_, a~
~~ilw"ColP.Fl)iS~_ii,&er. of th~ Divi~ion· in the
,P ;er.i..g;ef bf !tfiEf regtllar Presiding Commissioner
Motions.for Recons1~eratlon't: . . ·'\,.: . . ,,. / {J fRf RU.}'ES Ru19lv1( Sec-4.(d))
:M_Otion.. for. -tec~nsideratio~. 'i~..t:.
ariy'~.9~o~f.rr.:'fmf~'? ../. · : j': ' .·· .'· · . ·. . ·.·· · .
re-sol':'Jt1.on or. order of the' Cornm1s%~n. s~ai~~! .b~-·..i'e~~f. ot~~ 9(t'1e Ctiairm~n. Com inis_sloners,·
__ enterta1!1ed,._ ex9e~t. w_tre~· ba~~ cl~~)>i'l¢~r~-_,_.~::;,rcf~~;4-1,~or!c\JJ:flter:>. · .. . .. .-. ·: . . · .. _:
paten~ .er~ors, pn~v19~d.. . . . . :. "~-
1, That the motion 1s flleq w_1th1n .10-palen~a~ys . l.
ll!:i - . iv·'"Q~™
ft ff~'-~~$~a,11"'1'6ld office during goo,dpehavior untit,th~y
e age of. ~:S. unles.s~rernoved" tot causes ·as
. fr~m receipt of de.cisicin, resolu~oh _b~ ?r'.?er;__ -~~~p'rovided by. law ·or ''becorriei. ·iocapaeitated . to
7; With pr<lof of serv1c~ that a.copy of the same has .. · . .'discharge. the· fun<.;tion ·of his ·· office: . Pro.vided,
.. · _!:->~en furn.lshed: 11.'.i~hin the.reglernentary period;· · however·, that 'the Pre~ident of trie:'R.epublic onn·e
. the a9\'erse p~rty;_ ~nd. · . . . _ ··. ·. ::·. Philippih~S .ma.y. ·extend ;:fhe· ·s~,:vices·. ·of·. the'-.
· 3. · That-.only_one s~~h mo~ion frorn·the same p~rty. co111miss19ners. a.rid:· Laqm' Ai:biters: up ··19 ·the·
_shall be entertained ·(N~RC . .RUtES, Ruf~. VII,. ~ maximum . a~~- ... of. 70 .. y~rars·. upon · the;.
. Sec. 15). ·recommendation. of'. th·e · commission en· bane
(LAB.OR ·coDE, Art; ·222,. as,amendf:!d·by; R-.A, ·No.
Adjudicatio.n\f Ca~es-:~(o"C?) . . . .· 1'0741). ·. '• ··.·. . ': . '. .. . . . .
1: . The NLR¢ adjlldiqates Gases b_y Qfyision. ·.,
_2 •. · It shall b.e.mandatory for-ihe div.ision,i~: meet for · ARt1cLE · · :223; _ ~~LA~ie·~. .seNe~·ii-s · · .o.~o:
purposes. of £onsultation, .: · . · ·. : . ·OT,HER,EMOL:U~E:-NTS . ·. . . . .. . . . ·, . ; ..
· 3,. A :C'eiiificafion · to. t~fs ·effect sig'.ned by 'the ·.The Ghairm-c!rJ and .members of the .,Commission
: pre$iding. Coii,missioner of the db,i~ion.-~hall be sh.ail have the same .raril( recei.ve ail annual salary·
issued,_ arid_ ·f ·c~py. tbereof. attached .to. the e.quivalenf to,: ,and_: be e11title.d to . the same
record of the:.cas.e.ar:id served· upon· the parties allowance~·. retirement an'd;benefits·.as, those of the
(LABOR CODE; Art. 220; · as amended by R.A·,. P~es'iding Uustfce .and Associate· Justices .:of 'the
No .. 1.0741). . . ·.· ·court of Appeals·, respectiyeiy (LABOR CODE; Art;
-~23). ·. · .. · . . . . ·. ·.: .. ,..

208 I· 2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTR,<\LIZED .BAR OPERATIONS'

 9111

J.URISDICTION··,AND :REMEDIES
SAN BEDA-LAW CQJTRALIZE:DBA(l OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019:
. f~t·,
),-~U'tfliii MR .· HI MM 4 fNRMIP ~¥Wk G9id~E&Milb I ISM¥¥Hl(&R9i&i~liAMii'!5'WH . WA&WitC:&ff'HfJZiY'G

.'.pOWERS AND·ounEs jurisdiction of LA v. ·NL~C

·,ARTICLE 224: JURISDICTION OF '. THE
}COMMISSION
· t..: Exclusive and Original Jurisdiction of NLRC
.) The .· NLRC. exercises . exclusive . and original
It_{ jurisdiction over the-following cases: (CV°IC)·. · . ·Ha§ ·original. . and o·oes."not have original
.,; .. , 1. £ertified cases· - cases _certified to it for. . exclusive · jurisdiction J.urisdjcti'on . but. · has
f; · compulsory arbltranon' tiy · the. SOLE under . (LABOR·. CODE, .A,rt. ·exclusive· appellate
·J, · Article 278 {g) of the Labor Code or. the. 224) ·.: jurfsdiction over case all
. 'f ·.presidei'nt -unde'r Article 279 .{a) of. ..the Labor · decided · · by · the LA
J.. Code.. . . . . . . . (L~BOR CODE, Art. ·
l. 2. · Yerified·petitioh to annul or. moduythe order or ?:17.(b))
~: · . resolution: · (lncludinq :· those issued during
} execution proc~edings} . of. th.e; Labor Arbiter
J:.: · (Nt.RC RULES; Rule XII, Sec. 1). • . . .
·:': 3. · Petition for
!njunction in: · . .. .
i\ · . .a,': Ordinary labor· cases · (LABOR CODE,: Art; principally vested'tn ·LA .Dlscharqes compulsory
~,~_:_·.. · 225.(e)); · . · .' · , . . . - .(2 AZUCENA, suprri at arbitration only .in the
-~ · b. ·strikes and: lockouts · (LABOR CODE, Art.. : , · _37) exercise of its original
't · · 279); 'and · · · .. · . · :. · · · "../..'";; jurisdiction · (LABOR·
}· . 4 .. _£ontempt:case~ {LABOR CODE, Art. -225) ... 11,(")")i · CODE, Art. 278 (g)).
f. . ·. . .. . . .: ... •. .• . f\·~·tf;/;.;)\ .·
Exclusive Appellate Ju-risdicti.on of Nl,..RC }~,'..;..,/:i.~ p'~~ Proceedinqs Appealon
T.he·NLRC exercises exclusive appell.ate;1urisdittfq!1'.\: ,,?f .-., ,.__ . d, . before the-NLRC cannot
overthe follo,;\/in_g: (NOT5-LM~DE:.3rd). · · ~i:·''';°"~'. ."~.'.;'"':crr'.'.;\ /7 · . , : .be considered as part of
· 1. _ Cases ~ecided br .th~ Regional_ O_!f!~~~~of'th~"./ t)(l · ~.':'--':.~~, .. ·. · the arbitration
DOLE .m the exercise of thet()1dJ';ld_19atoiy1-;-~ · .
functions · under Article 129 · over:: !,'~onetar:s,;r--1,,
.
.
. J'd'\ · .
/I \, \ ·
prooeedlnqs. When .the
LA renders its decision,
claims, of workers '.N.21- exc:;~b.din'.~/(f.?.tOO~ it ;/ n '\ . ·c<?i'n~ulsory_ is deemed

. 77); · · . ·
.~t .
.(1.ABO_R9,0DE, Art. ·129; ?,..(:i'tiC.Ef':IW~rup~a
/
~f . .Ji.
~J :·~,,,t
fl . i1
. ,,·~~,., _ . , .;-~ .
·· ,~ .
(!. ·, '1.\..
terminated
· : AZUCENA, supra_at 37).
(2
2. _Cases decided by the·la~tir:'AFbiter.<>,1••nde~th~-- -l~J-·.
• ~;'q
...•.• :,..:Y >"' ' -........~_\. l J '
~·1·1-·~m'ry . ,. .
A •"'I•
,1G_.. ,... ~
·,
babor Code/LABOR-COD~\ Art.;:::2-2ll~(b),1c:ft\q ,· r"·, . · .. ~-.di~~ , ,'• , . ,· ,
·
_under the Pv'.'1granI Worker's A'cff.B,.~~'J$/q.B04?, ; ;1.t1 The.: . N~~G _ha~ . ~unsd~ction to . determine,
. -Sec. 10, as am~naedbyR.A N<:1.. ,10022); . ·· · )f_~prel!mmanly;·_ the parties' .rights· over a property,
3. -C~ses. decided by_ the· L~b_or Arb1f~i~;~.:.f>~W.f!,ge _J;!~-~.~)fijn,Jt_i~
'1_~i::essa~t~ det_ermine ~h issue related to
.Q1stor'tlon . problem ·. m · r;ian-urnon_1zelf.".,....4il.!::.ngtits,.0r1.cla1m~ ansmg from an employer-employee ...
: : establi~hrne_ry! (LA.B?,R ~ODE,. .Art;fj~4);i{['-!ft · .. · rel,ationship. (Mila[J· v. NLRC; G.R. Np. _202961,
4: : Orcler issued m relation to _enforceme.:(lt:pbv,,>erof·. · February 4, 20.15). ·.
· th_e·Regional.Director (LAf,3,0R ·qJDE;'-AFt:.128·
(b)); and . . · · · . · , : Note:·. .
q.: Denial ·of .the. claim "of .the '3rd par.ty.-wh~re.. 1. · If i::ompl~frit is -t,r0uQ_htbefore the DOLE give a to
· •·pr9perty· -.yas- !¢vied. by thE:l. ~heriff of. Labor .. · effect ·to the labor st<'!hd~rds · prqvisions . of the
Ar.b[ter.can be app.ealed.to the· NLRC (Ytip;tmgco· · Labor C_ode or other labor legislation, an·d there
. Cotton Mills- v. Mf!ridoza;_' G.R -NQ. 1399}2, a
!s fi_nding by the DOLE th.at th~re is· an existing
M.arch 3, 2005)."'- · . · ... : · · :: . · :· , ernployer-etnploye(;): -rel.$tioriship._-- the 'DOLE· ·-
exer~ises. jurisdiction to. th.e. excl.usion ' of the
NLRC. . , .
...... N'o Ap.pell.~te'Jurisdicti_on over Decisions·
~ende'red by:· (VSB) . ·· · 2 .. If tti'e D.OLE fi'nds· thaUhere' is. ~mployer- no
1. Yolurit,;iryAi:bit~ator; emp!oyeei.. -relatio.nshrp, : foe, . j1.frisdictiori' . is
2. ; ~QLE;'.an~ . · . . • · . . . . .. ' properly'.with-the NLRC .. :". . ·.
3. !!LR Director on cases 'appealeMrornthe DOLE' 3. lf:a complaint is filed.with-the DOLE, and it is·
. Regional Offices (2 AZ.UC'ENA,supra/! 77). . accompanied by. a, claim .for reinstatement, the
junsdi~ticin is. properly witll the. Labor. Arbiter;.
Note:· ·such decisions niust ,be. appeal~ct to.-the 'under Article-21-7 {3) of the Labor.Code. · .' .,
CA(ld.);° .. . 4: l(a corriplairit 'is filed with tfie' NLRC, and tliere ·
is'• . still a.I"! . existing : einploy(;)i'-employee
relatiQl'.)Ship, the·jurisdiction is:·properly·with the
DOLE. The findings-of the DOLE. however, may
still ·be questioned 'through·. ~ . petition for

2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPl;:RATIONS 209

 JU.RIS·D.ICTIQ·N BARAN:D .REMEDIES
· SAN BEDA LAW Cf:NTRALIZED OPERATIONS·-·MEMORY AI0-2019
:I- Bil-ii Fi .. aA )fMEFSS ••...; @Mi J YWY3Ai&t'ioti

certiorari under Rule 65 of 't)le Rules of Court Where to File

(Pf:!ople's Broadcasting· Service v.: Secretary of · It should be filed at the app~opriate docketing unit of
(he DOLE, G.R, No: 179652, March 6, 201Z). the Reg,onal Arbitration Branch. (RAB) or. the·
···' . . . - .
. Commission (NLRC_ RULES, Rule Ill, $ec. 3). ·
App~a.ls from Decision of Other A~encles .. · ,
·The fules governing ,appeals from the d~cisions or Regional Arbit,:ation Branch _is ·any of-the reg.ion"al
orders ot'LA ·_shall;apply to app~~ls to :th!;!- NL.RC from ·arbitration bran"ches or" sub-regional branches ofthe
· decisions· or ord~rs of-the other offices. or agencies . C_ommission:(NLRC RULES, Rule II, Sec. 1), .
appealable . to. the Commis~ion accordi"ng to .law .
(fvLRt Rl./LE_S, Rule VI, _Sec. 11)'. . · . . . ·.. · ln.-.the · even( that"the · pleading·~ ;:ire filed thrqugh
registerecf . mail or co1,.J_rier ·authbri;zed ... by the
. Commission.· the date of mailiAg shall be conside"red
· as the date of filing thereof (NLRC RULES, Rule f!/,
20:ti NLRC RULES OF _. Sec. -3, as_ainended by En Banc Resolution NO: 05- ·
~. . . PiH)CEDUR.E .·. f4,: Series bf 2014): ·
. .. -

\.· :.~... Proofof-Setvice · v .

[See Flow9hart"provide.dinp.25n . <, ~ene~al.R_ule: A pa_rty filing a pleading shal! serve
_ · .· . : ·· · . . , ...?":,,.=,==~9J?gos1~gparties wit~ · a.. copy and ~ts SUPP?r:ting
· Construction · . ef?"~ 1f j"'"
~.oc,Ql'ne.!J!S-_No p)~admg· shall be considered without
The. NLRC Ru(es ·of Proc.~dure. sjl_~J~...~i: Hti~,€;!1Y \ ,J'r:~f:,f J>fl'e~ee to- ~hlil._opposing parties ~NLRC
construed: . ·. . ./ ~ } [,. - ~::~13JJJ/i.S, '{'!te...#~ Sec. 3). · . .
1. To carry oi;it_ the objectives 9f'~tfe..2':C«3M~t~~n • .:,,....~=--* ·_. -~~~ !Y 4t,,}~.- · · . ,
· the Labor (?,od~ of the Phij1Bpine,{l,•,;.i'np~,etl1er''fc. E-xc.~Rt~~:-.fUJle~flful~aneously-dur.mg a schedule
relevant leqlslations: and / .1, f.J...J.7..
j"ID A -i~t
befo[e ti\~~a..,15$-~{bit.er (NLR~ RULES, Rule 111,
z. . re. a~~ist t~e p~rtie~/ in_ "9f!~-iniw~ just, -~. · -~c. 3). \ \ f ! 't - .
exped1t1ou:,: a~d . me,sf)~.r:!.§.!!'~!reso1l!l!!Q!J,.;§nd
. settlement- oHabor di~p~te"S:fJVLRClR!.lfsS~.:....I :1 s_;,~-~e.
~~~-c.. ;. . ._ J i '\ cl). ·
.Rµle 1. s_ec. 2) : ·. .
. . .
·i_'-""-i ,V · -._ · \
ij ..efi~ ft
"z ./:J
I t~~_e,s101p
uof .No;1~-:J.\ ~esofut1~ms, Orders and

- .. '(.. ,,_:::1~~M. le; ..

\l'
l ~ _ .
". Ii ~.d
. ·
.. . .-
Applica,bility ofthe.Rules-qfC]n'.l'if. (~\, ?.;....._ ~~oae~Nf~ryfi in :~~s~ o! Notice~.and ~opies
The pertinent provisions of tl'1ie1•Rtn:"~s of~~~lie~ · ·J)i~r~eJ9Ju!ln oriO.~def;s.. ·
F;hilippfrl~S may, ii} ·the' . ;fii;¥/~st ¥
eJ~5eifiiu~
. dispE:nsation of · la_b~r. _justt_~e _an& w~e'il~e~' - ._ ~~IY,__€{t,_)'pon
~,,9-~P~~?s~cl ·
c9,fes ~f j.esolutions_ or" orders shall_ be
1):i_e parties: _ --.- , ,. -. · _.
practicable.and convenient, be ~phed ~-aria~-~r0.«~1YF?ifso~9.lly, ./ · · ·_ . ·
1n:a,suppletory character.and eff~r[-NL,.R~~pt~IEN':(i~Y-~$g1~tered 11.1~_1! (~M); or . _ _ _
Ru/Q 1,' Sec., 3). ·' jla'
·--::..~~--.Jtf.'_90\Jf)tli;. a~1ffior_1ze_~by the C~ITTIT)ISSIOQ, upon
. ~:<..:...n ·.
· ,,, . . ~\--.
.. .. . .·. . . . """""""'-"""'"-'==..:,.the.:pf!;l!;~_l!>'y tpe batllff,or ?_uly authorizecfpublic
PLEADINGS, NOTICES, AND APPEA~.c5£'i · · ,. /!./~
\°'?ffi\e]:JN~h1n3 ~ay~- from. his/her _receipt thereof.
_ · .. · .. ·.: . ·.·:. ·_. · -~~ _. .. _ ~~~hl:Jt_fC_RUL_ES, RufeIll, Sec._ 4_(a)r : _' ·
ComP,l~mt or P.et1~1on 1s a pleading allegin~ the ·. - . · · · . - .
Cc!U:ie-_ cir cau~·es ~f- _i:ictiori- of "the_ ~pri1plainant. or . . ·Mod~s of Ser-vice in case of Decision an~ Final
_. petitfjm·er(NtRCJ:WLES;_i~ule !II. s.~c;, 1 (a)}: ·: . , AWarcfs . · . . . .. . . . . . . . __
· · · · •. · : General·Ru!~: Copies ofdecrsions and firial awards
Corite~ts' bi th_e_c;9.rriplalnt _of Petltio~ ".{f>-~ON) .. -·.- . sh_all be seNecf ori both Pi:lrtie.s_and their counsel•. ·
_1. "Nc;1me$_.and adqr~sses' of.ail -~o·mplaihants or ·,1. By.personal service; . ·' .
·fi:}titioners (C/P)"; · . . . · . . ·. 2. ·. Ely-registered mail; or· ..
· 2. -Nciryies and' a'ddresses of tl')e Eespor:ident~; . ·. _3_-· J3y c~urje, -auth.orized by·.\lie . Comm.ission. o~
3. It mus~ be _s_i~n~d ·u·l}~er Oath. by tt:i.e ClP,; ·!=ind. . ... ·. both. parties and· th'eir·counsel 'or representaiive :
4. · Wit.h. a·_ declaYatiqn of · ,Mon-forum, shopping · _(NLRCRULES,Rul.e"J.ll,Sec. :4 (b), as amended··
(fYL_RC..RULES, Rule m, S~c. 1 (a)).. . ·_ -- · : · Py_· En Banc Resofutibn.. "fl!o. 05~14;. Series of
· 1 · · · •, -· · · .. • . • 2014:). . . ··' .
. ~ot~: . s~vera1;·cause_s _cit· ac~iQn·. :~9~iri~t a . p~rty
. arising from.the same relatiqnshfp·sha1fb'e included _ Exception:· \JYhere 'a. p~rty or hislher · co~ii~el · on
in qiie co111plainfor petition (NLRCRULES; Role Ill, · .r_e·cordpecsonally seel<s seFVit;;e of the decision upo"i1-
_,sec::1(b)). _ . . . · · . · ... · _ · inquiry thereqn (NLRC RUL!=S, Rule.lfl,,Se.c. 4 (b), ··
as -amended). ·

' ..

21 Q I -20~9
. .
SAN
. BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED
. . BAR OPERATIONS
 t{
f.~l·
JU.
.
RISDi·CTION. AND.REMEDIES
SAN BE.'DA LAW CE.'N:TRAilZE.'D BAR. OPERATIONS, - MEMORY AID 2·019
~· 1i*5 ¥& M e#-- - iMA 1,6:icSt >Btli!lttr• 2h1Wfib!~
) .
!i'. .. Not.e: In case of numerous.parties, service shall be · Requirements:· (BSR) .· : . .
~t made on counsel and 'upori- ·such number of a .. Certification from the · Bureau· of Labor
'~. ·complainants, as may be practicable and shall .be Relations (BLR) ·or Regional Office of the.
f '. consid.ered substantial compliance, with- A_rticle 230 Department' of Labar and ·. Employm.ent
.,/· (a) of the Labor.Cede (NLRC RULES,.Rule .I/J, Sec. attesting that . the organization he/she
( 4 (b}; as-entendeq). . .· . .' represents is duly registered and. listed in '
~..' . .
the roster of legitifT!ate labor. organizations; ·
1/.:- Th~ period. ~f ·_a.ppe~I shall· be .counted from receipt b. Verified certltlcation issued by ttie §ecretary
}C-. · of such · decisions, resolutions, or orders .by the and attested to by the president of {he· said
)'.: . counsel or representative of record .(.NL.RCR.ULES, orqarilzatlon sta~irig that he/she .Is !,
,·, Rule Ill, ·Sec. 4 (b), as amended). . . authorized to ... represent· . tbe · : sald
~ . . .
orqanization in the said case; and· · ·
~ . .
,, · Rei.urn (PersonalServlce) .. · . c. · Copy of the Besolution of the board of .
~-·· The'-fotum.'shall.be submitted by the baiflff or officer directors of the 'said organization granting
-~: . within 2 'days from date of. service (NLRC RULES, him such-authority (NLRC 'RULES, Rule Iii, . ·
&, Ru(e Ill; .Sec. 4(c),. as <emended by. En Barie Sec. 6· (b) (2)). · . ·
:!;,. Resoiution.No.. 05-14). ·. ·. · · · .
a
t .:l.
Cont~nts'of Ret~~n:
~,, ·1. His/her name, . . . . ..
.
,.---':\
3. He/ she represents-a ivlember or members of
. .legitimate labor. organization. 'that ·_is. exlstir1g
. within the· employer's establishment, 'who are·
f . 2.. The names of the ·p~rsoris served; and · . /,,/J/J ( parties to the case (NLRC RULES;·Rule II/, Sec..
\. 3. Date. of. receipt-(NLRC RULES, Rule Ill; Sec//:'\ . · , 6 (b) (3)); · · · . . ·
\. · 4(cJ): · .· ·. · ... · ~ · ·.. · !'~'-;/'-.·.:/,;\ ·. ·: . · · · · ·· ·· .
. · ·· · · · · · · . · . \ / · . ,,., ,.;/ · .R~quirem~n,ts:· · · · ·... · .· ·
contents of _the. Return Card/ Proof of s~&·.! ct,, <l~:~~
.;r:' · tr=-. 1N~r~i~d certificationattesting that he/she is
Registered. Mail "Or ·Courier au,hori~~~by the~..Y ff · '...:'-atithptiied·~y such 'member or members to .
Commission · . · . ·. ,,,,~_.., · j.'l.....J,1 · ·repfeserit lnem in,the case; and. .
1,. N!'lnie'o.fthe.'addre~see;·a11d. · -f~:lf: ·~--'.,.!. ·!\ . b. V~{rtir\certific.ation is·~ued by the se.oretary
2, !Date ~f receipt· (NLRC RULES;,..-.~eIJ(t.S.'(jc. . · ll . ~f>'d tte~t~d to t?Y the p~esident of the said
. 41I'c)). . .· · · . · ~v .::.,,~,, -
e:1P \J ~~. ,,. •
r: J .·Ifg'fga I,'izatton
·\\ . stating
. ·:;-that . the
. · person or .
. . · · · ·. · . . '// ...,? .. R:<..0.. ·. , . r.~ · ·E~~~-J~e/st\e _. · is ,r~pr~sentii:g.-. .a~e
Noto: If no service Wa~effev~¢'U'~"f6g~~\1the1<~?f • f.'/j ~"'!!:Wi;i}~~r~/.E>~ths\rorgarn~t\on_ ~h1ch · 1.s
shall be. so stated · (NLRC RtJt?..ES,;,fil:!!'!"[!,11,~~ . ts "-·e~<t?..!fillt::ili"tt-i_c· employer's e~abhs~ment.
4'c)). \' • t
,. ·,
. : ·-~-~-',(.'.9";~ ,:1\ .. ~lJ . 1',>f
~~ 1-;(
1NLRC'RUL5S Rule Ill· s~c. 6 (b1 (31).
11 ••
.I I ·. I . 'J . '/

Ptciof -~~.C·o~plet~~~ss~t'Se~ic~' ~.)j · . · · . ·

k~;i:~H~l she i~. a auly-'a~~re~ited memtie.r. oi ~ny
· Registered Maj_) ·or Courier. ·~uthor,fied by;.'tt,ie~.:;'.'.:..:::.i!..',?.i:Qg[a~id office recognfzed by.:the DOJ·or IBP
· Gommis,sion is_-qeen:iS?.C(?n'lpl_ete:. · :·ly{-, .· ·.ftd .. ·. (N~F?CRU/...ES, Rufe IJ/,.·S~c. 6 fb)'(~)); '
· 1.'· Upon receipt by the addresse.e·or h'is_[h~r;3gen_t · : · . . · . . · . ·. , . ·.· ·
. 2 .. lf.:aqdressee fails to. claim-the mail fronfthe'J,'ipst . · 'Requirements.: . . . . . . ..
. office·.~·5d!,lys fr~ni the. cla(e of first notice .of the :··. , ~- ·. , Proof ?f h).s/.her acereditati9ii; and .
. postn'Jaster:.(NL..RCRULE$, Rule Ill, Sec:-5). ~- Represents· a.· pa_rty. to· tt,e .case· (NLRC
. . . , . . .. · . ·· · . ·. · . · .· RUU;S, Rule Ill; Sec. 6 (bJ-(4)):;.. . ·... .
.·'\ .. N<:>te: . Th~ ·r:eturri. is pri,:n?i facie p.ro~f of the tact; . • ·\ · . . .
-:· ·. indicated therein (NLRC RV~S. Rule l/1, Seo. 5)'. 5, Hei she is the Qwn~r. pr~sic,lent.<:>n=iuth6iized··
~· · · · · · · .. · · · · · · · ... persoh ofa corpo.r~tion.or es\~blishment.which·
f.· . ~~:~t.;.~~i!~pre~~med.tb\;Ei'~ro.~eFl~~lJ~hori;edJpr -~~~-p~1;)}~~he case (NLRC P/.JLES,'Rule'!II,.

II·.: ·
.. that purpos_e. (NLR€ RULES, Rule Ill, Seo. 6 (a)).. ·~ ...
:·. . . . ·: . . . Req~irem~nts: ..
Gen.~r'al R,u.le': Q~ly ·,awyers ca_n· appear before the · · a. Verified certificati9.n.attesting :t!1at·he/ -she is
NLRC or·a L~b_pr A_rqit~r._ · · · · · . authorized io_-r.epresen.tsaid corporation or
· ·establishment; and ·. · · · .
.. E~cep'tions;i ~-0:n~ia~yers·.ca~ appear only 'in. the · . b. Copy of .the resolutiori of the . board . of .
;"' . following:ir:istaf)ces~.(PLl\lf-LO):' . , . . . . directors of saitfoorporation,'or' other' similar
iss:Ue_d 0

. 1. ... Hel she represents himself/tierself as Party to resolUtiOI'\ qr instn.1ment . by. sc1id
· '. · the-case (Nl:.RC RULES, Rule /II, Sec. ·f?{b)-(1)); . establishment', gran.tln_g.: him/her -such ·
.2. . i-fet she . ·repre.se·nts.. a ,begitirn.~te lab!'.)r . · authority (NLRC RULES, Ru/~ iii,_ Sec. 6 (g))
·. . org~nization wtilch is ~ party to the_ case (NLRC
· RULES, Rule 111; Sec. _6 (b) (2));

~019 SAN BED~ LAW C.ENTRALIZED'BAR OPERATIONS I 211 ..

..,-... 11,.;ii~
\r~tJ.i~
 £&@19Wti a WR-i .. IM4WP P . . M W ,ee I
Willliill1lllJ :i
JURISD·ICTION.AND R·E_MEDIE.S
SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID .2019·
:i
-ri
;
49:i'l*'*:&fflMftflAlf4hiiiPa,4i9KMW ¥MMfit Sia±tiNMDIJ.ry
WWi;;s;i1 &aMtYIPEm
Note: Appearances of a non-lawyerin contravention b. · Where they are supposed ·. to re.gularly
of this section shall .not be recognized in . any r~ceive their §alarie$ and wages; . • .
· proceedings befote. the- Labor . Arbiter or the · c.:. Where they are .supposed to receive· work
·commission (NLRC RULES._RtJle 0/, Sec. 6 (c)). !nstructi6ns ,from; ahd· ·
d. Where -they are ·supposed 'to. report the
Co'mmon- Requirements for Appearing · ·Non- · .Besults of their . assignment to the'ir ·
lawyers, . . . ·_ . ernplaye!rs (NLRC RULE§, .Ruf~ 'IV, Sec, 1}-
1: The complete name 'and office address of
. counsel -or .authorized representative shall 'be Rules or:i Venue · .
made of record..and · . . ·2 Regi9nal 'Arbitration ·branches have
·1·. · Whete
-2. The adverse party or his-courisel or. ~uthoriied jurisdiction, 'the .'b~ancti that first acquired
representative shall be. properly. notified (NLRC . jurisdlctlon over the. case shall exclude ttie
. RULE$,Ru/.e Ill, Sec: 6 (d)).. · ,' . . . .· others (NtRC:RUl,-,ES,Rut'e'iv, Sec.,-1 '(b))..... · ·
··• ' ?· When venue-is not cibje_cte.d to. before "the first
Appearances may -be made · orally' or. in writing -scheduled mandatory c.onf.e.renqe,· such issue .
. (NLRC RULES, Rufe.·11/, Seq. 6 (d)). : .shau be deemed waiv_ed.(NLR.C RULES, Rule
. . IV, sec:.
f- (c), - ~s emenaed ·b-y· En ··Banc
'In case· of change or address, 'the- counsel or · ResolutionNo. 11-12): ·
representative shall file. a . ~otic~. bf. such ctianj.~!;-.:..' . ~~- . . . . . . . .
· cqpy furnished the adverse party and c~y;.ire1 o'r. . .-,u·
~n'a.Jtge,_,_~f-Venue : · . . .· . .
representative, if any (NLRC RULES, FJ,.t:1fe lfl~c. !• • f~j
ve,"l:tiffEl!Ybe changed or tra0s:~r~ed:_·,. ._
6(e)). . • · _f 0 ·J,. ~,;,.:;=<~:""'-,1:}y wvtt~J'.L~9feementOf the partles; or .. .
. ·: · - · , · t'/-. \~to<?' . -2 .. :-:·weerr"(he£orjimisslonor· Labor Arbiter before
Autho~ify to Bind-Party' · f
-~'(.;:.,:f;:r ~.,.._:-.-:=_-,:;;., -~iim;,~t~~~ 'is pending so
orders, upon
_ Gen~.ral Rule; Counse) of~~t.h.r(/'al\tlforizJ~) 1J:
•,w m~llor:i"b.f~Pf}).}qper,party·in rnerltoriouscases
· . reptese_ntativ~sof parties shal~have,~hori~ to bin'.a. 11,ll. · ,tA\ (f\Jt.1e RP.!,Lf.S,,,,RteIV;. Sec. 1 ·(d)). · . ._
1 rt;?"" · · . , a . \ f Jj)
.- · ·- ·
RULES,_ Rufe Ill, Sec. 7). · . ;·t
. . -- _.-,.
·~;;.,lr ·
. their clients m- .all matters J/of prqeedur (NLRC
ij-----~~'-V.imi:ie'ilj.OFW 'f;asel'\ ,
. . ·_:. -r--.....,: .. ~. "'.~~-flt(<?'.~
·
-~ses m~yb~~file? _befc:,re RAB. having
·
· .· · .
<. .

: . Exce~tlon: .9_omprom1se_. .•· ~gf-_ee,. enr with' tF~-, 1oiJs_d1ct~nover th:S•Pl1c,r.. . . . . :' .
·. . _opposing party_m iull or p.:itt1~l-dfu.qt'/rrg~·~1,.clle_r,fs"'-~~~1 .. · .Wl},ef,~9iec8rnplat1antr.es1d,~s; ·or .. .
claim (SPA or express cons)jHUl!

-· : . · · .
~sy~qw_ ~ct,~"('I[_Uf(f
RU.LE~, R11/e Ill, -~ec.. 7). · · \ 1 · _.,.. \_ -

VENUE, ASSIGNMEN.T -AN_D\DISPO~_ITl~o/~:"<..;,J

CAS~S· AT THE. REGIONA~, ARJ,3.IT.~~~~f~~ . ~T_ · · .. ·: ...
q;;;_~.,. · ~
. \ -· '\:{ '%[5?~~·. .,~~j;llainW1.t
·~~·'f~~,..
..~ ~~~~'~ }).... _,f. >.·,
2
;,,1' · !,.ef~·~~~!~}. thel-,p~,e~1wa1 officq: of. a~y- of· lhe ,
;eef'p~denttl_is s1,tl!lated, a~ tbe option. _of the
(N,LJC-RULE;_S,
.
· ·
·'.
Rule_

:
. .
.:. : .
W_,
Sec. 1
. _

BRANCH· · ·.. - .· _ ~ . ;;,~ ~~Ra J~--tln~~~sl_ men~ of Cases . . ._

AJI· _ cases _which LA~ have· author~~~-"j~~~"FFi~,fi:~~uJi~ILabor· J\rbi~er sh.all· be resp_onsit;>)e
de·cide maY. be filed· in the Reg1onal~~1.tr:aJfon \\ ;f flil~r"7t!le\,Wr.illtiedia.te rafflet anc:t ,assignment of· all ·
. Branch,(RAB~ haV!ng'juri_s_diction over.the' ~clrkp~ce·_ 1V1./co -~ainfs' a_n<:l petitlomrliled witb h_ist h-e~,RAB,.and
qf t_he.cornplaman't or petitioner (NLRC RULES, Ruf~=:.:...,,. e , ·1mmed1ate forwarding oi · all subsequent
JV, 'Sec: -1)'. · ... · .• : · · .. plEmclfn·g$:arid-motions.(NL:.RC RULES, Rutefv, Sec:
,_;2-(b)): ·_ · _ . :_ · .· ·. · .. ·.- _. .... · · ·.· .. . .
Note.: Th~ Rules·of P.rocedure:on ~enue was merely ·
permissive; for Sec:. :I (;:r), Rule IVofthe.NLRC·Rules . . IJYitq_iri-_. ·24: . hours fr~~ i'eceipt. : all' pleading's·,and ..
. uses 'the ·word<"may,". allowin'g'a 'different venue. . · motions su~sequent to. the fili"'g · of -:the coryiplaint
·, . 'wheo .the interest of suostantial justice ·demand$ .a .. shall be forw·arded to the;Labor Arbiter before whom
· :: differ.ant one (Dayag v. Caniza,res, G.R. No. ·124193,· the case i!>· pendir:i~r (N_LRC"RU.LES,!Rufe iv. Sec. 2
March. 6, 1998), ·. · ·. · · · · · '{c)i\i__ .-- . ·. . ::·' .. :-: . •. --:-· .. < . . . ·.
Workplace.is.· defined a~.: (AR'F) '· · ·.consolidation of
Cases ·and· Comp.1.iiints:_ .
·. ··1.: T,he ·. pla.ce :or, !ocaiity · where ·the . err_iployee is · -~e·q·uirerhenti: (CEC) · · .. -- ·. ·
r.eg1,.1larly ~ssigri~d at tt:ie time -the· cause· of f Two. dr m·ore ~ases· or: ~om.plaints p"ending ·.
action' aros'e;'" . . . . ·_ . . ·. .. before·different Labor"Arbiters in the-.same RAB; ·
· 2.. The· place wh~re the employee is. supp9sed to .. ~' ' 11 inyolv~;,. the: ~ame: ·gmpl9y'e~ . and common- .
.Beport back ; after a .. tempo~ary detail, . · .. prin~ipa1· causes of action; or . . ·· . · : ·
assignment, or travel! and ·: · .. · . . 3. · · u involves-~s·ame.parties with'. different..~au:se o( .
3. · In ca:;;e of .E,ield employee~. -a_s well as arnbul~nt . · actiqn (NLRC RULES, Ri!le IV; -Sec, :3). · ..
or. itinerant workers, their workplace is: (A-SIR) . . . . . - .·.
a._:. _Where they are re.gi.il'arly ~ssigried; ·
.'·:· .

212 1- .2019 SAJ>I BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 'dl,.
,_s,"-iuRISDICilm.TA-ND REMEDl~Z~
! , .
1-¥.:'A!J
'.~~\;;,'?ft~l!
SAN B£DA LAW Cf.NTrlAL/ZEfJ BMI Of'f.111\TIONS- ME.MORY AID 2019
.
. . .·
~~J; ~vna1:u •• www ..\llii...:..1.ir.'rm!!:.W:es.::: ... <'.JWiWoift2!S\.llJllllll2il:.~.uivr-<-"'.!zt!!ii'I•.. ~f:?:.t..~ig
/:"
;,!!· r11e subsequent cases or complaints shall be Modes of Service (PRC)
:JJI consolidated willi the first to avoid unnecessary 1. f0rsonally:
~'£" costs or delay. Such consolidated cases or 2. By fiegistered mail; or .
. g_f complaints shall be disposed of by the Labor Arbiter 3. .Qourier authorized by 11,e Commission upon the
't to whom the first case was assigned {NLRC RULES, . parties by the bailiff or a duly authorized public
'"'., Rule IV, Sec. 3). · · . officer within 3 days from his/ her receipt thereof

·l:
[i}
In ·case of objection to tt1e consolidatiori; the same
·sliall be resolved by the Executive Labor Arbiter. An
(NLRC RULES, Rute, V, Sec. 4, as emended by
En Bene Resotution No. 05·14)'. ·

f.. ·
order resolvinq a motion or objection to consolidation t...:ote: Within 2 days from dateof service, the
~: cannot be appeafed (NLRQ RULES, Rule· I.V, Sec. bailiff or officer serving summons. Shi:111 'submit
J
(f,
3). the return, The return · shal] be. immediately.
t·. attached to the record? and·shall be part thereof.
?.;. Disposition Of CasA~ If. no· service· was effected, the reason thereof
When -a case is assigned lo 'a labor Arbiter, the shall be stated·(NLRC RULES,.Rul~ V,,·Secf 4/_ ·
entire case and any or _all incidents thereto· shall be.
constdered assiqned to him/ her, and the same shall Prohibited Plead_ings and· . Motions:
be 'dlsposed of in the same proceedings to .. avoid (C2EJR212.QN02)
multiplicity of suits or proceedings (NLRC RULES, 1. Motion to Qisr,iss the complaint except on the
Rule IV, Sec 4). ground: of lack of [urlsdlctlon over the subject
.
When the Secretary of Labor and Employment,,~q~~.,;;~.
, :1{~>:t m'3tte·r, improper . venue,
ix-escriplion and forum .shoppirig;
res Jucicata,
·
assumed jurisdiction over· a strike or lockoLit;·,61;1.f·, ,{~ 1- l'f\olion to declare respondent in Qefault;
certifie? the same '.o·the <?omm_ission, the ~arti~~ tlD:;11·1[~ ~: M_')~ion/C?.J: a .!;!il_l of particulars;
4.
such dispute shall immediately inform the ~e9..i;,etar,yr::·t:~:-:i}; J.{'~tit1on(~r Belief from Judgment;
or the Commission, as the case m_ay-be,'pf;~O--cases~ ~, r) S. Motroli'-~1t Reconsideration. of any. decision or
d irectly related to_ the· dispu_te b_etween:1vrer1~ pe·n('.'11,&!;.;:.~Ll ordt~\f
any the Labor Arbiter; . . .
before any Regional Arbitration Branttl.(,1 and the{,·· ~J a,. AppeaYrR~· any [nterlocutory order of the Labor .
Labor. Arblters ha~dling .. the· ~~fn:e.
l},~~such ~ Arbitef. s~c.;h;°~s but not limited to, an order;
assumption or cE:rtiff~tfon (N~.q,.RU~_:·::i)<·R-ale/\{:;, . ':~\ a. ,WenyJng ~;_mot!on to ?is~!~s;_ ·
Sec 4). . . . . ., .•_.. 1 ...1.2'i. .. .. !.:1 ?..:_ADer:..Ytln.§1-:~W-.<?.~'~~ to 1nh~b1t, .· . .
.. ·. · . · · · ·. tr( =:;:P-,::,~r"J. - ~,<.· t J. . . c~R~pym~·:.~::~.1ot1.on tor ,ss1,1ance of_ wnt of
W,thm 2 days. from noti_c~;'"' "-~.:: ~-1:>?r'>. Art:m~t . .J f ·. e-xe_~!:!-®L1r·or_._. . .. . . . . . .
· concerned shail. f?rward th~ entlr~;r~cor1s, of t~e ~-·!. . .d. Denyi_ng a motion.to qu~~h.'A'.nt ~f e~ecut,on. ·
case to the Comm1sslon or to the Secretary 9J)!-:abor, 1 l-1\.,,Appeal, fro.m the Issuance of. a ·cert1ficat§! of·
as the case may be, for proper disp~sition,(JYLRC ,1-·· ~····,. ,:/D!1:c!U!Y.:~fdecision ~Y the Laber Arbiter; ' .
RULES, f?ule IV, Sec. 4). · )Z.,., ' .,..;"~:!£.::::::--.~---=---:8/..:.qv1eti0_AJ tcf · Quas_h . and/or Motion. ·10 Lift
· ,;_ 1 .
f~('-i. ·Garnishment !f a petition· -had been filed under
PROCE.EOINGS BEFORE THE~r--.tfABOR Rule XII; . .
ARBITERS · · · ·.,··'-' ~- Motio.n for New trial; ,
10. Appeal from:Qrders issued ~y the Labor Arl;>iier
Jurisdiction of Labor Arbiters. in.the course-of execution proc;:eedings; and·
(Please see the discussion of Jurisdiction wiC:er 11. Such Qther pleading_s, motions and petitions of
Labor Arbiters) · similar nature intended . to circumvent· above
. provisions (NLRC RLIL£$, Rule· V, Sec. 5, as
'summons amended by En Banc Resolution No. 02-15).
Within 2 d':lys from receipt of a :;omplaint or
amended complaint; the LA shall issue the required Motion to .Dismiss
,. sumi:nons, attaching th.ereto a copy of the complaint Whento F.ile · . , .
1.
~. or amended complaint and its annexes., if'any (NLR_C Before the-·date s3t for tr.e Mandatory Conciliation
i· · RULES, Rule V, Sec. 3). and Mediation Conference (MCMC) (NLRC RULES,
Rufe V, Sec. 6). .
' · Contents .of Summons:. (DTP)
!:" ··· 1 .. Q.ate; · · · No moti-m shall be allowed ~r eliteriained atter the
t· 2. Time·; and lapse._ot-µie ·peri0d (Nl.:RC R(jLES, Rule V, .Sec; 7,. ·
) . 3. Place of the. mandatory .. conciliation and As ameof!ed by En Banc ResotufonNn. 02-15).
I·
mediation cc::mference in Z settings (Nf:.RC·
1
r
i'.
RULES; RULE V, Se.c. 3).

2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED 8AR OJ:;'ERATIOMS I 213

 ft"MW I APP F ?& Z.RM Ii +& ~
)
JURISDICTI_.ON AND REM.EDI ES· 1
i
-:
. SAN SEDA"!.AW CENTRALl"ZEOBAf!·OPERATIONS- MEMOFfY AtD-2019·
. IMRIRI •.• ,...,. &Milli we I iam,,,s, HESi&WMi

Note: The motion shall· be .acted upon by the Labor 3. It must be ~pproved by the LA'before whom the
Arbiter before the jssuance of an order re-quiring the case is pendinq {NLRC RULE.S, Rule \I, Sec. 8
submission of position paper. An order c:t~nying the (c)). . ..
motion to. olsmlss or. suspending its resolution until
the final. determination of'the case, is not appealable · Formal ~equirements
(NLRC -RULE$, Rufe V, Sec 6 as emended by Eh . 1 .. lri writing; .and .. . .
Banc Resolution-No. 11-12). . · ' 2. · Signed in the presence of the regional -dlrector
or hts duly authorlzed .representative (U.nion of .
. . Mandatory -~oncjUati.ori ... and. ME!dlation. · · Fjlipino_..W,or~ers. (UFW) v. NLRC, · G.R. ·.No.
Conference : 90519) M~rch 23, 199.2).·. ·
Purpoae; (AR-NIET) . :
:1. ,:·Amicably. settling. the case upon. a. fair ·when CompromlaeAgreemerttsmaybe Effec.ted
. Gdmpro'mise;:. . . . . General Rtile:."lt may ~e .. eftectedat apy st?ge bf the.
2, D~termir,i_ing"the-Be.:il parties if.1 l!'lterest; ·proceedings and evenwhen.there is already a final
· 3. D,etermiaing the N_eces~ity. cif arnendlnq the ei~ecutory j_udgmenf(Cl_VIL COOE,;Arl,.20.40). ·
. ccimpl,air:it and including air causes.of action; . . ,. . . . .. ·.
. · 4.: · Definiilg 'and simplifying .the Jssuel> in the case_; · · · Note:. Righ\s may be wa_iyed tJ.,_rough- a compromise
· . 5. gr:,tering into· admissions' or stipulations of facts; aqreernent, notwithstanding a final judgment 'that
. ..--.,:;,::::=--,,,&!!f.

l J· ·
. and ~.· . . . . . · ..... ., -, . already:.settled' the rights· of. th!:l' 'contractlnq
6. Threshing out all other preh_m,_nar~tters ,,. ~anfe-s~obe binding, the comprornise.must be,.
. . . , (Nl,...RC RU,LE;_S,·f!ule V;.Sec:_ 8). .,,,'-' . f~ . i\fV~l~~a~HY,fr.eely, intelligently execu.t~tl-by"the
1
: . , .. t.. d ... ,,;;..,,;b·~Ch, -[ · ·: -~~. mirtr~s. wf\~ttad fµII knowledge of the JUdgtnent;
. Note: ·Any agreement eri ere 1nt1;>. y :'-t J;/P.~rfis · . -,~'A..d ;y' . I'; · . . -. . · · . ·: · ·...
whether inpartial _?r f_ull ~~ttle~ln(?_~ .J.ry.,e,;::~~R-!J.$~"'7.~-""2~.ot~C:?_n1~:Y t" ,(0V>f, morals, ·_go~d cµstoms and ..
shal_t b.e _redu.c~d .,nto wntmg;;-~~~d sc~edf'to1y_tJ1.~ . if'. .· p""i:iolrc -'\iohcy_>')(~agb;;inua v. Uy, G:R.· No.
part1~s·_a.nd ~heir.,counsel or tt}e''P ~ e;_t; al!thonzep1. 1t· ]:[ 161\':.03 M°fJf6 2005), 0· • • •

; r:epresentatrves, if at'}y (fVLROY~UL1 Rufe V, S~c: ,:7'\ · · . : .'. ·~ · !f' ~n ~\ · · · . .

:..J.' VJ,_ · . 'l; \...f ,i t
·8 (b)). ' . . .
. ·
.· • N'd:
· . .. i/ ·
·-r- "~'[::
ii ·

Who Pr~sld.es <:>_ver~nd -f:;,ces:".Full C·ont?ol.oiin"e~ ~~L:]~gmef') ,,s a_lr~aoy

~i~I ' ~~:J>'t•r'_:
.

·:~n:
·
_It c~Hi?.&~}enterediflfo.when the fi~al
~~e pr~c_e~s.~f:execufion
l_
c~nferer:ice Prq~eec!ing~__ 1\.<:~~ K_ ,

j i
Jf{K;~llll, ;J~salvc.J.fv•. B~utrstar_(j· .. Nos.~ _1:_92_8-~0, Ml!lrch.
·J ·.) . · ·. · . .
.
General Rµle: The Labor ~~bJettshaQt~.Q.!laJly~.;:; ~4:
pr_eside ove(and take'full CO'i\~g'oJqt~~~~t9.ip;g_s}tl ))'!'°),
.and may . be ·assi~ted by 'tlie .. Labor .. ~~~~tl911,~ ,~'tf_t..
, Associate. i~ the cond·tJct. thE}eof (Ntif!.C· .IJJLp$r-, .
t· 1~95?r~.--~-.;,
.(/.'0. ,. ~· }J. ·. . . ·. · , · ·. · .
pr' n:use .. F-greeml:!nt oper<;1te~ -:1~ a .
l),~ifsit\o . of .. th~. ),~dgm.e!1~ .. Obltgatio_~· .. upon .
R11fe. V,. ~ec. 8. (a), ·as a:itided J!~En )9c=lif~"R)l ~C;./. ,_th ~'f1frr.equrs~te. •. . · : ..
Reso!u_tion_nb. 05-14). . . ·. ·"~·., .,, ~CfEN'···r.. \:h"])i:_)lP.st1tut1~P.:1sunequivocally ~eclfred'. ~r. .. ·
..· , , . .. : ., .. ,.. . ;, '~-~~------:-:-·~Jpe~ ~!~,... j~d _the n_ew . · o.b.hg~trons . are
· . ·. '.~:icception:.'fn ar~as- wh~re tf':lere i_s·.n . ,L'a'ft.t9,f'fl~ter'~=~~--:·· 1eyeo~~tj9le. tn :v.ery ~omt (CIVIL· COD~, ·Art .
. ·. · · assign~d, . _conci!i<ition and . nl'edi~ti~~ma:y _[ be ·-' 1. i"f -l\11'~9,?);~ · '' · . . · . , :· ·
~. : conducted oy: (LND) · . ·.. · · : · ·, ~~ _. J.."dJ: ~~ . . ... · · .. · .. · . · .· ·
·· · 1, .A babor Arbitratibn 'Asso.ci~te;· .: . · ~:.,..,,=re_'omproil!J~e-~greemenr shal~. b!;l Ap_prove~:
·z.· · Any ottier·· Nl,.RC · personnei wittr· :sufficient · · 1- lf:~fter ex_pll:!i!')ing to: tlie i_)a.rties,. partic~larly to
.. training· and7.kAQWle~ge ·on <iOn~i°Jiatieiri .and · · ... ' . the ·com~Jainants,. ·the ..terl'l'.);i:. _congj~iojig:_.a~!=! .
. mediation; authoriz~d-by Jhe.Cha[rman; or . . .· conseq_uences_ thereo~•. he/she 1s_·5.c1trsfied th.at·
3 .. ', Duly ·autho'rized · personnel' · of the· DOLE . ' they understand the. agreement; . · ·. .
io"·
. : •p1,1rs.uant' ·an)'" Msmor~ridum .. of.· Agreetn"ent ·. . 2:· . 1:hat th~.··. s~rrie · _wi;is. entered, ·jn"to ,freely, ·arid'
· · executec! for this purpose {NLRC RULE~, Rule · . . . .. _volur;itanly b.y them; and .· . . ·. ' ·· . ·· . .
'· v, Sec.. 8 {'a), as amended.·by. En. {:Jane: · 3. :hat it i~ n.ot con~rary to 1aw, morals, aricl.'J?ublic · ·
. :Res."Qlutfon_ No.. 05-14). . · · ·.. · ·. . . '· .. ·: policy. (!YL~C ~~LESrRUIBY/.Sec .. 8 (c)). · · .

Con,prohll_se Agreement . . . ·· .. Judg~·e!"tBased··on. a C9inprom,se !\g;ee~ent·.

A ·compromise agreement is ·a copfract whereby ttie .lf'hen . 'jua9me_n't is:. based · .on· a . comwomis~ .
partie"i,. by m.aking. reciproeal concessl.ons, ayoiq.. ·agr:eement, . the. :]'-!pgment' be·cotnes i_mmediateJ-y' :·
.... lit!gation. or. ·put <13n .end to· qne ·a'lready -commencecJ . . e~ecuto.l)',··ther~. b£1in_g ai:r implied· wc!iy.er of the· .
- (CIVIL r;:;ooE, AF(. "2028);. . ·. : . · .. . . ·. parties' right"to appeal from.the ·dedsion {Philippine
Jc,urnafists,. /nc.: v, · NLRC, G.R: No.. 1~64.2(
Substant~al ~equiremenfs: (FNA) Si3pfe_mb~r 5, ·-2006).' . ··· · . ·. . .. .
1. fr must be Fre.ely'ent~red°into;· .
'2. · It must Not be ~6.ntraiy to law: morals.cir ·public..
, policy; and . ·

214 I ·2019S.AN BEDA LAW .CENTAA(IZED BAR OPERATION_S.

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.JURISDl-CTl·O·N
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SAN BEbA LAW CENTRALIZEDl]Afl OPER_ATIONS- MEMORY AID 2019 · . . , :
,~·...,,,.,&b-lMPM AS-= E D , .... , &stiWIY MM:WS diSII &Ca&ffltic1r,...; .. ~· , '
\6:"'\.

-t· Compromise Agreements with Assistance v. · .de.terminl;ld. :by c;~miillance .,.;iith the· requisites ·and
f · . Without Asststance of DOLE · . . pr.lriciples of contracts, not by. when it was entered
-~r.
..,,
into (Magbanua v. Uy, G.R. No. 161003, M_ay 6,. ·
. 200.5) .
.ii
:f··; Wl_len Man_d~to.ry . Concil)ation a11.d Mediation
-r~ · Conference is Terminated ·
· · . : Genera( Rule:. M~ndatory. · 'condliatlon c1nd .
Mediat(on Conferen·ce must be terminated within 30
.. ca(endar days from the date of the first conference
(NLRC RULE§.,·f?t.fle _V; Sec .. 8 (e)J:
Ji~ ..~. ·. .Ex~eptiori:· It may be extended for justifiable .
°l- :. It ci1ri b~ '(epudiated by° General' R~I~: .!t can: no . grounq_~ (NLRC-RU[,,ES,Rule' V,.Sec: 8 (e)J; .
. ( . ·:: .. · . .,_.: . .
,k the' pai:tie~ b"y g6ing to longer. be -repudiate.d · - .
~·;: ·the Commission·. ·t;>ecomes , ·fin.at. and Moti9n for
Pos~1fonement .
·f · · bindir~lg. "upon the :parties , ' Generai Role: No· motion for-.postj:>onement shall be
':::. Note: .ULP caS!3S are not upon execution. : · entertained (N~RC ROLES,.Rule i/, Sec, 8.(f)) ..
Y ; . subject to compromis~. ·
#.- . EXcepti'on's: . . ,·::;) . Except_ion:._Wher ..based on meritorious grou~d~
:tt-·' ... . ·1. · :., n . case of . f}Qrl~· :')\ · · and when ti.Jed at leas_t-,3 days .before the scheduled
compliance with · (!):ri-$/'· .•\ ·. hearing· (NLRC RULES; Rule V, Sec, 8 (f)). . .
. . comprornlse agree~\'ll:lff, i '_r,·t I : . . . . . · .· . ' . . .
or . · .. \) i,.. ~·-~'}_, __J:itf~ct·of F:an_ure of Settlement
L . · . I! there. ·is.rfffinl~:: 1t1fd~~~l';~~f~ie;toaqree, eit~~~ )~ whole or_irJ. p~rt,
tecie , ev1der:ice;;::that th'e;:if 11 · durmg-·t_h~'-P.Hlnd§lto,:y conciliation and jnediation .
settlementjas obtained, ,..... ( coriference,,f~~( Labor Arbiter or· the said .duly
through . l',:>((. ~~at:~k - :·T~ authorlied;fP;ilr'l-onnel_ 'shall proceed to the, other

,,.
m1~_rep~~.se.nt~iofi7.:::' · or ·rJ. purposes;pflthe\sald. con~er~nce (NLRC RULES,
·coer~!Pn< --t~. c: · i~1 Rule V, ·fee: 'tl,>a~.amer,ded by En Banc Resolution
t,t
-;'· (LABOR
.
CODE
. .
Art. 233
f c~~, · · <"0' ·
1• · \:· r->' ~;''c.,-,1•· ~-
,: .
..
l'~; ·
1· ...
No. 05~1>'4). ·
,•·-.:~'
.IL
. "?~. · - <
'it.. · . . ·.
'~b:r ·
· . · . : ...
. · ·
.,.,
·.1 · ·
'
.
' · ' ·
:
·
. •.
~ · "J
· ..
' ; t 1 · ."(:'.·' ;,;,•·' ·11<!'>•1,•·v
.1
c=;/.!..1 ~,T · ,t'f The-Labb~_r.rut.er•.sJiall terminate the conciliation and
,

f Optron~ · Wh!;H1· Ccmpromis~~~~4ie~~_nt J~ r.~f . ~ediatjon:· .~tage and .;•sl:Jall '.direct the parties . to
,,; Viol~ted · · . . ·~ ·., · )'~... ~~~s>.~,.ulta~eously}i_let~eir respective position papers·
··'.: : 1. Enf9rce i,ompromise by writ of exe~1:1tjefr:i:CIR'1 of _,f~~~',';P!"!,~~~.:i.!§..S.,.tt~~agreed upon by the. parties (NLRC
{ . LJ?.BOR CODE, Book V, RvJe· XX[.i( Sec:/~;,'fls-_":"'"1~.f!-0.~e-S~'LRule,.V, 'Seq.-12 (a)).. · · . .
;, . ·{)mend~d); or .· ' .' . .· . ·\.f trv . : . .. .. . . . .. . .
ij. 2. -.Hegard. it_a~: rescindeq _and.insJst ,:r~);gf:iginal · . _NQn~appe13_ran_ce ·c;,_f.t~e Complainant .
~ :. demal')d (CIVIL CODE, Art. ~041). · -t _Non-appearance ofthe·Gomplainarit or .petitiprier
r· \ . . . .. . . . : ' . . . ·. . ·. - dur.lng -~ s.~tJiijgs for·l!Janctato'ry poncil_iatiQn and
l;; Effeq{of a: Coo:...p~omis.e Agreeri'i~nt . mediation -conferen~ schedule, despite . due
f. Compromise · ·agteefn.erit duly .. ~ntered 111to. iQ notice U)~re9f, is a grQJ.md. for .dismissal of th.e .. ·
, . accotdai1c°E! \'v'ith:··this Section ;·shall be final· and.· case yifthout prejudice {NLRC RULES, Rule V; .
' l:iinding upon the·parties-andshall:.haye'.tht;i force and · Sec. 10, a'samehded'by En Banc Resolution No. .
effect'of·a Judgment r.endere.d by the -L~bor Arbiter. -06-.-16); ·.-.' · · _: .
(NLRC RUL~S; Rulfv.· Sec. ii{d)):·. . · · . 2, · Dismiss.al oflhe casEffor.the second.time due:to
_th·e ·. ·urijus\ifleq; non:..appearance of . the
A . j~Jgm·ent r:er:idered · ir1·. accorda~~e with ·a . compJaiJlant ·. or · petition13r .. shall· be .. with
corilpr<;>mise ·~greement is n_ot.·a·j:,peaiable' ·~ni'J.. is.: . .. p're]~di~e (NLRC RUlES, Rufe V, Sec. 10, as .
im·medlately.exec:utory ,unless a·rriotlon-is· filed to · : ·amended). ·. · · ·2.. ·· . · · .
· ·set a.side the agreement 011 the gr<:>und of fo;1ud, ·
m1stake, or duress, in .which case.~n appeal may be. Non-Appearance of.the Respondenf . , .
taken. against.· tl'le order d~nying· . the motion 1. Non-appearanc_e by _respondent cfuring ilje 1••
(P.hilippine Journalists "v. NLR.C; G.R_. .-Nq. ·166421, . . conference; ..the 2~ conference·sh.all proceea ..
September .51 2066). .- . _··· . . . . ·. . 2. Non.-appearance'during ·the ~nd'·conference -
' • • I ' \
,.... conside(ed to .have waived. his/ her right to file
.. There is .n~· justificati0n to disallo·w. compromise a '. posi~ion·p_aper (f\JLRC fWL.ES, Rule V, ~ec. 10).
agreement, solely because it was entered into after ·
·final j~dgmeot. '.The validit¥ of the ~greemei]t is

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 '*** RMI I I· . 9 I R.INPIONID h:i Me2 -~1
lURISOICTION.-:AND REMEDIES
. . . SAN BECiA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS.- MEMORY AID 2019
· .:!_

MME· AP& +1..-,.1M1R¥Pift·Mi1 I l·h ¥¥@241 XICM##ltfliAHWIF CT &&&&¥ EMbi J

..
'
Subsequent Actions complaint or petition ·or· position paper . (NLRC ..
The Labor Arbiter s'hall: RULES, Rule V,_ Sec .. 12 (d)).
1. Immediately· terminate the . mandatory
conciliation and mediation conference: an'tJ . Hea.ring pr Clarificatory Conference ..
. 2.. Directfhe complainant or petltioner . to ·me·. a'.. Immediately 'after the subjnlsslob by the parties of
verified posttlori-paper and submit evidence (n.· the position pap.er or reply, as the case may be, 'th~
support . of his/her' . causes of . action arid Labor Arbiter shall, motu propio, deterrnmewhether
thereupon render hls/herdecislon on the basis· there'· is· a- need for .a hearing or' .c.larificatory·
ofthe evidence on. record (Nf-RC RULES, Rule .. c?nference (NLRC RµLEs_, Rufe V, Sec. 13).. ·
V,'Sec. 19) .• · . . : .. ··
. Note:. The· Labor Arbiter may allow .the presentation
lllote; Resporident;s failure·. to
appear sliali' oniy · . of testimonial evidence with . right of cross•
· _mean waiver of hist her-~ight to file P pos_itiori paper .examinatton by the opposing party and shall llmttthe
9oly._lt does·not·deprive·-r:espondent of tl:!e right.to'be presentation of evidence to matters relevant fo ·the
•furnished . with' . copies of the pleadings and issue b.efore him/her and 'necessary for a just 'arid
· .. _processe's .(NLRC A.O. No. 09-0.6-)'. · . speedy, disposition of the case (Nl.R.C. RULES,.R11/e.
V,. Sec. 14 (a)). · · ·
Amendment of Complainh:ir Petition , . . · . .- · ·
Filed· before'the Labor.Arbiter at any time .. before !/:!,~,..,.....,..,-~!~ten. summary ·o~ the · proceedings made by .
filing of position paper, with proof.of service qt.a;cdpy ·11 · ··j' tlle~Eabpf Arbit~r shal]: , .
· · ther~of to the opposing_ parties_ {NLR¢):JJ:!!.f!-~t'~ulet._..,,.. }\/Bfsrin$.;~by the parties: and .. . ·
V, Sec -11, as- amended by E;n Bancj(f)solfl(/cf,J Nq,..='-"":"=<,,,.;~...,.,,_:_ ~rrniPa,rtt>jl!tJe records (NLRc; RULES;Rule V,
_1.1-12;. . · . · . -~ · '\,j//- :~. _.--s-a_r:?)wd(b-~,,.· . . ·
. . . . . .. . / ~ '~ },,1iv' ~·~"'- -11: ----~~;:_-0"
Note·: If the amendment-of the;{C~p~air.iror~titio;fi)· :1( ~p11-aP'J~ear~t:)9~9f~_P.arties,and Postponement.:
>'t-'X, .. .. . ..

involves im_pleadihg ad~it!onaJjrespe>f1p~_nt!5ls_ervi?e · ~\. .61.He;iri~~gs"a~ef Cl~\fic~~ory_Confe~ences "

of another summons; rs. r,ecessc;1fy acquire ·.tol The pa~lf.S an&,t~eJr;:;~14nsels appeanng_before the
jurisdiction over.theperson qf
t~~·sa1d_res~,ona~~ ~~?.o! 7'.l:fbiter .\liill--J.>i p_repared for continuous.
(NLR9 RULE~, Rule Vi· -Secf !f'1-;,-<t!11amended)JY.::f5_n t:Ct'le.?rrng.9r clanfr~to~~-~onference (NLRC Rl!~E~,
Banc Resofuflon No. 11·-12)~ . --<:e-· . · .\. -·: i:.i'tZ,-rrr":~leV, ~ec. 15 la:)-j,.~ Di · ·
. . .· ~ <::.. ,..-:ii\ ;·: . \.\,.~ill.i~( · . ,1rr;::-,. Ii · J i . .

:-A~·,-,;,.~---=-·
\~i-f~Q·r! _v,l,;~::;;~~~i!~~~~~~:~·r~L~~~uf~~- ·
• • • . • • · ~. ·• 4 • · \ .. J).!~::!)1. . 1· .. . ; : · .. .
~~!~~~~·~~~[t:r :~~\i~9fr:~t~~i~:~j66>
0
· simu!tar:ieou,sly_ their. verified\p?si~~\,pa~ ~,~~-, - '5.,~1-Y~S"'ec:)6_·(a)).jl . · . · . · · '.
fn:::~~~-y \~ , /.' ' .,r . . . . . · , ·. . . -
suppoi:trng·.dpcuments a_nd. a~~a,v1ts! ~lt an . , .
date set oy thEl Lab_or'Artnterw1tfi1NtO cal_e'n9a.1\Q.,@s·yr:-·i·
rq:E~qeptior.i'!.Upon mento~1ous. grounds and subJect.
from· the date of termination · · the.-~"'cli~.!'tohl~.316"~~,<~~~me6t. of expeditious dispositiori of
eonference (~~RC __RUL~~· Rafe V,· ~~-:~=-:~~rt~fiLES, Rule V, Sec. 1? (a)). - . .

Note:·- No am~ndmer:it .of the complaint_~ ...l:!e.ti~n .lVlhJ\~Tti;

h~aring or- clarificat9ry. conference shall
· shall. b_e.. allowe.a. after- tl1e filing:of position papets';*'='~'4)e'°'terminated:within30 calengar days from· th(;! da.te'.
unless · ..With· le;ive- of the Labor· "Arbiter: (Nt,RC · of ti:,e ·;nitial. c,lariflcator.y conference (NLRC RULES;
RULES, Ru/e...V.,·Sec.. 1Z (b)).: . . . Rule V, Sec. 15 (a)). .
. . . . ··~ . . . .

Lirnitati_pns on.,Position Papers . . .. Mandatory Conciliation in case· of OFWs

Position "papers shall_ CC::>Ver .only. those· claims and
. cau'ses of action.sfate-q in·the complaint.or. am'ended ..
. qompl~irit, . accompanied .by -ali . 'supporting .
. 'documents, fr1chJdiri9. the affidc1vits of witrieises,
which shall take ttie place of their'dir.ect testimony, ._·.
exciudi·n~f'thO:se that·· may have be~ri amicably · ·
'settled (NLRC' RU/...ES, Rule V,' ~ec. 1_2 (c));° · . , :. · .
As to.. QFWs,: the. ·p_eriod. for · ·conducting . t_he ·. ·
. rriandatory. sonciliation and meqiafion confer4:1nce,
inclu9_if19. he·a·ring on t_he merits or clarific~tory.
con_fer-encE?.phall nol.exc~ed 60 days, whfcih shall be ;
. reckoned from th~ .date· of acquisition, of jur.isdiction .
by . the Labor Arbiter . over the . person pf the .
res'pondents (t:JLRC RUU:S, Rule \I, Sec 15 (c))..

. Reply ·,. ·. . . Effect~ of Non~Appearance of any ~f the Pa·rt'ies . · .

-Within 10 days. from receipt of the·,po~itio_n paper of . · ·
the adverse .party,. a reply-'may tie· filE?d -on ~ date.:
agreed _upqn and .during -a schedule s'et pefore the ·
Labof. Arbiter. · It shall not all~ge or prove:faqts_ l)Ol
refe~r~cf t9 or include~ in the orig~n~I or .atnende_d
: d.uring l:t:ie.Clarificatory ~on.ference ..
1. Proceedings 'shall be ¢c;>nductedex-parle;-and· _
. 2. T.he · case shall · be , . qeem.ed submitted . for
. ·decisit,n (NLR_C RULES; Rule V, S~c. 15·(!>)). · .

216 .I ?019,SAN_BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED ~AR_.QPERATIONS

 .JUR1So1c,"1~0N ANo R EMED1Es·:~~l~.-
. SAN DE.DA LAW CENTRALIZEDBf,R-OPERATIONS- MEMORYAID 2_019·
11 1

•.• f3W, SPQ1dfHWtH ¥2#httPIW¥ hhl#l )iftihtid4§.. lii#'A' !FIS& en+-4»i«mrt.: }Z.
~ .
:f,:·Submissioh·of the- Case for Decision Death of Parties
f: 1; Upon: the subrnlsslon by the parties .of their · 1. Complainant dies d.uring the pe.ndency of the ·
-;- . position papers· or·replies, or the lapse of the proceedings, ·he/ she may be SUb$tituted by his/
· period to submit the 'same, the case shall be .her heirs. .
deemed submitted·for declslon . 2. In the event of a f~vorable judgment obt;:ilned by·
. -2. · Upon terrnination of the clarificatory hearing or . _. the complainants;. the same shall be-enfo(ced .in
.: . conference, the' case Is deemed submitted for. accordance with Sec. 11; Rule XI of NLRC Rules
ti . .
~-"'
decision (NLRC RULES,:"Rule_ V, Sec. 1_6). . (NLRC RULES, Rtiie V, Sec. 20,.as amended by
En ·Banc Resolu_tion no~ 14-17). .
{::-. [nhlbltlon . ·· . ~ .. . .
~- · 1. Voluntary Fin_ality of \he Decision or Ord.er ~f th e LA 0

£~ A Labor ;Arbiter- may voluntarily lnhiblt hiri"fself/ The decisions, awards, or orde.rs .of the Labor
·:~. a
. ·herse!f from. tbe resolution of case and shall so. . Arbiter, the. same ·are·.:fi_nal and ·.executory, unless
state in writing. -the .legal [ustlficatlons _.therefor · ·appealed to the. NLRC ·w.iih.il'i the. time prcivided
(NLR9 RUL_ES, ·Rule V, Sec. 17). under Article 229. of the Labor C<;>cfe··by.-an·Y.. or botti
2. Upon'Mi>tfon of aParty ... · parties,. within.'10 .calendar·.days from tfie receipt :
a.. Either on the ·grqund of relationship ·within ttiereof.by the counsel ·or authoriz.ed r~present~tive
the 'fourth civll degree ""ot consanguinity or. Or the .. p~rtie$ if. no_t a$~1stea' by. COUn$el or
·affinity wlththe adverse party.or ccunsel.or · representative (NLRC RULES, Rule.V, _se.c. 21 (a),
· ·b. · On question of partiality _or other justifiable.-v.<';. B$ amended by En Banc.ResolutionNo. 11-12) ...
:grounds; the· Labor Arbiter may · inhlbit. /1'(
hirri~elf/ · herseff from further hearing ,.:an:~~ . ._\ Certificate of Fi!1ality ·. . .. . .
deciding the case· (NLRC RULES. Ru"f!(¥,· ··· . ,: . :,1 The Labor Arbiter issues .a certificate of.finality upon.
· ·$e~ 1?). . · · .· ·. > {- ·_;.'fJ.~~~xpi_raljf>p.,of the 10 calendar days with'?ut- any
· · . · · . .. · - ./..f.7 t;.., 'f! :·.....,...:.w.ge<:!~.hay.ing;beenmade. ·. . . .
Note:·Suc~·n:i_otio1.1·_shall be re.solvec1_·wijt:i_~r;p5d~ysy )./"· ·"--:"-..:-L..:..:~L\ · · · . , .. . , .
· from the fihng ·thereof. An order den,ym'g:.-or·grantmgD.-.,., In the absen'o'e/ofreturn cards, certlflcatlonstrom the:
f
.\
RULE~, Rule V;
· · . - .
=
arnotlon 'for inhibition. is non-·i:ipp~afaj:~~ (t:,.J.Lfff;;.· ,.-. . f(
17)._: -?-~.:, ·j
. ·,-,r:5,-Y 'lJ'--='
·< · post officeirf~'t\\J~erauthorized b.y the Commission
~f
1::\' ... or ~ther ·pflodJs servi.ce.~o the· pa~ies_, the L~~or
1 •· Arbiter rpay ~su~ ·a cert1flcc!te of fmahty. after -60.
,:< Periodtt;> Decide C'ase . ·/0 . ~-,. · .'.~,
<:_.\ C§llend9f dayJ frorrf date.of l'r1ailing "(NLR~ RULES,
{ 1 .. ·· The . Lal;lo'r A.rbit~r shall r~n.del?"tiis/~t?eds~f.1 .(,'-;! Ru~e·~~.-~~fP•.7J-;:'a}~ended by En·Bar-ic ~esolution
~~ . · WHhin ~O. ?al,endar days, w1th,._~~t e~~~~i?n,aft~~ . J.~} No. O~"<-f-4).i.:...~/;.0!.,.t. . · · · . : ·.
/: = _ the .s1:1om1ss1on of the ~1:1se.by'l.tl:l~:.Par:ttes; ev7n l··'i · · ·. . · . . . . . ·. · ·
f · in the absence- of stenogrc1phic·not~s. 'j_\ J·•1....--·::..~eyival" -~nd. Re-.0per:iing ···or · Re.,Filing of
f.' · · .2. dase_sl~volvir.i~.?vers~as·Filipino ~j[ters shc:!!_-../~!/.r:.,:o~~~-~~~i~,t~ase .an.d .~i_fti_~g 9f W~_lver .
.
,..
. . be decided .vy1th1n·. 90 calendar e;h;iys after,:!J;ie---'-'--'...L.1(-A,J')artyJmayfile· a motion:to revive or re;.open a
····ming of .the -cOTT')plaint' (b/LR9 RUL·J!It>, F{ut.fiv; . . . · ~9$_e d_ismissed__ wit!io~ .. prejudi~_e;_ within· ·10 .
(:_; . • ·' S~c,. 1 l!). . ·. . . . · . . · . '\:.,,/;;~cl' ~l.-Ji
A .•
calendaf: ~ ,.
days from·. r_ec~ipt cif notice of.-the . •.
or<;ler
.
·. ,_ .:. di_smiss1ng. the.··. same.~ othe!V{ise, 'the · on!y
y . Cd°~tent~:of D~~i~io~i: (FACIS).. · . : . . remedY·.shaU.be to r&-fil0 the.case4· .. ~. .
, : · · 1 .. Facts·of.the case; . "2. A party deelared ·to ha.v_ew.aived,:his/her r.ight to ·
~--- · ~pp_licable'1aws-or rul.es~ . · file position p'ape"I'·may; af. ans, tinie after ·nolice. ·
3. Conclusions..arid 'the ·reasoris therMor; . thereof' arid before the "case. is·: submitted .for
4,. ~sues iryvolved_;.a;nd . · . decision, ·file a·inotiqn under. oath·1a·,$et·aside
5. . .§pacific rern~dy or.· relief gran~ed (Nt:RC. th~' ord~r ~f waiver ·upo'n proP._er showing that:
·. ·. RULES, "Rule V, ·sec. 1.9). . !)is/her failure .t~··appear. was. :d_ae lo justifiable.
· a'rid meritorious · gro1,m<;ls (NLF{C RLJLf=S, Rule .
. :lr:i-cases involving monetary award~, lhe d~cisio"ns V, Sec. ·22). · ,. . .. ··
· · :or orders of the L.abor Arbiter. shall .. contain the
amciul'lt award.e~ (N.LRC~Ry_LE/{ Rule Sec.. Hi).· .· v: "APPEALS
.. GrQunds:·(F~QE) .,_.. ·· · · . .
i'n . c;a~e' . the.. decision indudes a~ o):der. of· : ·1: .ff the.. dec;isiori.- aw"ard or order. was secured
reinstatement,-it shalflikewls.e contair:i:· . . ' . .through fraud or coercion, including graft· and.
1. -A statement that 'the. reinstatement aspect is · . · · · co·miption·; · :.. . . . ·
. - imme"diately executory; and . . ?- If .there is prim~ facie' ·evidence··of ·Abuse of.
. 2. A dir.ec\ive ·for jhe employer to submit'a report of '. . discretion on the- part of "ttie Labor Arbiter or:
· compliance.within 10·calen.dar days from receipt Begioi:ial Director; . · . .
·of thi:i s·aid decision..(NLRC RULES, Ruf~ V, Sec. ·3_ .· If made ,purely on· Que~tions of law; a,:id/or .
1~). . ' ·. .

2019 SAN BEDA LAW CE~TRAUZED BAA OPERATIONS' J 217

·/·.
 NEB lfAA43 NWMFl+i IKl«A! MM fiiiiFkt RAW N
1 -·

JURISDICTION:AN:O_REMEDIES.
SAhl BEDA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERA_TIONi - ('Af:MORYAro 2019
Pi'ffi'tlN!:t
S&f dtS\fMMHOiA·fAtdd di , . ICf i--:2f4 AMA:HM IE,M@±HS&itiMfft.i Sim

4. · 1f serious .5.rrors in the findings of facts are raised serving .the- ends of justice and preventing a gra_ve
which, if not corrected. would cause grave or· miscarriage thereof warrant' the suspension of the
irreparable darnaqe or injury to the appellant rules (Lt./nzaga v. Alber Sflippingand- TradingCorpo,
(NLRC RULES, Rule VI, Sec. 2). et al,·G.R. No. 2004_76,April 18, 2012):· ·
Where to File Appeal Nature of the period to appeal
The appeal to· th_\:l NLRC must be fi!ed with the Article 229 of the Labor Code .expressly provides
·Regional·. Arbitration Bran.ch or _13.egion~I , Office . _. that· the aggne~ed party has 1 o calendar days from
where the case was·- heard: and decided (NLRC receipt "of the decisions, awards; or orders of the
RULE$, Ruie VI, Sec. 3). . ,_ ' Labor Arbiter to appeal to· the NLRC. Accordingly,
thts-.:1o~day reglemenfarypenod to perfect an appeal .
Periods· of App.~al is. mandatory and jurlsdictiona] in nature (Asuncion
.1.·. Decis ions of. the Re·gjonal Dlreetor pursuant : v, NLRC, G.R. No. 1-0~31_1,-.'J.une 17, 1997)..
. to Art . .1 ;29 of the Laber Code.:. within· S calendar '. . ' ..
days from receipt of the orrfer. . . Th~· failure· to file an appeal within the reqlernentary
· 2. .Declslons. of the Labor -~rbiter ....:.: within ·10 period renders. the· assaile~ decision· final "and
calendar days from the receipt'·of the decision · sxecutory · a.hd' deprlves · the '. appellate court of
(NLRCRULES; Rule VJ, Sec.t}, · · jurisdlcllorr to "alter 'the judgment. much. less to ·
. . . . . . . . '. . ·. · · · . . ·. ~---~·-=-en_teitainthe ·appeal (Charter Cttemicst & Coating
1:he _10-day period to file an a~pE:al is ~e?k?J)§ltfrom ·:u' ·. · <ijom .. -,";':tl.~an,G.R. N9. 163891, May'21; .2009).
receipt by: the cou_ns~I of the final dec,_~J!!>~._qr~Jror •1- . }.\/ 1' ;~-~ . : · .· . -. ·· _.
_ award. The ru_le applies to both ap~»a:li(ffolJlJ~;19--..,:-,..%,-=..-;;J:Q~ q_ght,.t~)lP~~lrs a: statutory "right and the_ party·
NLRC and· from.. NLRG. to. C~f:<,S~,,_ 'i>,-;,...fjjJitf_an_d . who'se~Ifs·to,;c;i,'v~tl,~of the s~me must comply with the.
Knitcraft,. 0-.R. 'No. 182915, DecrrmBe,;t-~jl201,.tJ.-=""~--requir.erile~~\of'tht-Rules._Failing to do so, the right
. . , i,.{'1"' ;J'/ f:"'_. JD)' 'j,t: ~ap~-~I 1~~,et{(,O)Jieta· v. CA, G.FJ.. No. 8:J281,
._ No~e: The (:;ode. states calen}jar', ttei;f,workihgdays.... .di~ iilecembfir4, \1~~9):., \ · . .

1
-Hence, m- counting -the 10-~ay perr{fo. S~tqrdays, •
Sµ~~~ys, and l~gal holi~ayf ~Jp;;.:-1 ·t1udedh\7Jf.:je]7~ ·
. . · _¥. . \_( ~). i
a..ReJiliTs1:t~sfor }J~~ti~n'of Appea~, (~V3-PBR)
.. Sh,ppmg & -Manne,_ Serv,cesd11:-dN4 , C'. G'.R,l No~;fff..:,~ 1-S!-7.:i;P'.?9fof §e~t:e_.u.~1nthe .other-parties;
· :. ·

58011--12, July 20, 1982). ~ · P-.!'4 .i . \ · ·ff_"\.~ .,,,jli.i F1h~~ ~. a lger.1f1f~ mem'~randum_ ~f appeal.
,_ If the 10th or 5th day,_ as the;\c<ase. ..,p;tayb~lls on .a~-~· co~.(i§ri;19·.t~e_ gr9.unds, issues- · raised- and
Saturday; Sunday_pr holi~ay~ lpr[fi:,Sl d~~~~u· 1 ,;.- · aJ;9~lnt_s. _6Pl:~P.~u.mde_d and. relie~(s) ·so_u~ht
tf:!e ap~eal shall_ be the· first1Worki_hQ\da1~.0Jt,q~J'19~,.!~~.!' ~l.f!!.Wihie'requ1re9fpenod of appeal and w1tfi a
such-Saturd~y, Stmday-o~ hc':ijjday_ (~4Rc:ey_J/l::E;,_SJ(?'\ '':~~'tpt)fnenJof.t~~fdate appellant.re~eived_ the
Rule VI, Sec. 1). . : . -~ . '\-.. : ~~~;,-~·1,(,'~~151::a~-dec!sio{{, award;or?rder-; ,
· · · · ')\ __. ~ ~ 0~-:-Yf\:bd· :/ . . · I.-.· · ·. · ·. ·
The -reglementc;1ry period shall '~~- coup,teo-_Jr_ -J.E~ .
,~o~: ~~;fic,at_onof a pleading is a formal and
receipt of decisions, resolutiotis or~te.e.1")bi)lJe---=-==""'....-npt~_)fu}isclictfonal requirement intenped' to
· ·cou~sel or represe'n!~iive of record·, an&;:~t(i;fi~e-1.._1,r A'\!~~~~!.t-fei :assurance tha! th El matters alleged in
part1~s (Lynx fndustnes c;ontractor,./nc. v. ·Talei,..<i,,_f?:· .-~ ·l.J. ~.,,p!e'admgare true and:correct. Thus, the court
. Nq .. _164333, August 2.4, ·2007).... · · - · ---<=----="'"""' or'.tribunal may·•simply .order the correctich.. C>f
· · · unverified. pleadings .or act, or)". the·m and waiv~
· No- motion. or -re.que~f.for_ ·extension of ·the peric;>d. .-~met cornpliancewi°th'·th.erules (Qua"nt1,1m Foo<;Js
·'withi_rrwhich to· perfect an ~ppeal ·shall be allo\\'.ed · · . Inc, _vs _Esloyo,.G.R.-No, "213~96; becemPer 9,
· (NLRCRU~ES, Rµle_VI, Bee._ 1). j · · · ... · : ._ 2015). .. · · · :·
,:... ·: . , ~
.. Perj~d to Appeal N~t Extenc;jible . ·. ·3.- - In ;!.legibly type'i'Jr.ittenor'piirited copies; ·•
· General Ru.le: The=p~rfection."ofan app~~I within th_e . 4: .. _Eroof of payment of the rcquir(:ld app"eaf'fee and
stati-itory/ regle,:nentary perjod is not·only· ma_noat9ry . : ,~.gal' :-~esearch ·._fee;· otherwise; ·-i.t - w)II ·. be .
. but also juri~dicJional-an·d faflur~ to do so render_sthe .... . · dis:missed but tt.ie dismissi!il is only aiscretionary;
. questfoned · _decision: .. final an_d executory · that -·. . . _5.- ·\n .case of monetary award, an_ appeal by \he
0

deprives the appellate courfofjurisdfctionto alterthe
.final. judgment much .les·s -to entertain the appeal
(Asurfcio_h v.· NLRC,· G·,R.. No,· 1:0931( June; 17,
1997). . . . .. . ·... · . · :. ..
Exce·ption: It is. always ·in the power of.this Court to
-st.i"spend its own' rules; or to e_xcept·a ·partJc.ular case
. fro",n its operation, When·ever the purpOSf;!S-.<;>f-justice..
require it: Strong compelling_: reasons such as-
. . employer m~y b.e perfected only by the· posting
· · ·af a- i;!cmd-·(cash ·de_pos_it or· Osi.irety' bond :or
· property bond) equivalent in amouat to the·
· . · JT)onetary . award excius.ive' of dan:iages: and
attorney's fees;. and . . . . . ' . . .
6. It must be filed within the .Beglenieritary period:
a. Within 10 pays for decisions of Labor Arbiter; .
b. Wi(hin _5 days for decis_ions of. DOLE.Regional
Direc~or~ (NLRC RULES, :Rule VI, Sec._ 4).

218 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZ!=D ~AR OPERATIONS .

 ,·
AAB N

JU:RISDI.CTI.ON AN·D RE.ME'C)IES

. · · · SAN .BEDA LAW .C.ENTRALiZEDBAR OPEnAr10Ns - MEMORY Ato zo,9 ·
4 I F PPUS'fflil'»Hffi E:f #tit f~rf w•a+ie1ttkiSWW@EPRhAWt&W ki4¥d&W3taWftW'D~}'
.-
. The bond Is sine qua non to the 'perfection of appeal a partial· bond (Ong v.. CA, G.R. No. 152494,
from the labor arbiter's monetary decision· (Catabay . September22, 2004).
v. NLRC, G.~. No. 11'9289, April 12, 2000J. . .
·lfMotioh is Granted . . .
Property bond is acceptable · .(1/ERM-Memoria/' The . order· to· post bond · must be complied with·.
Medical Center v.'NLRC."G.R. No. 110419, March 3, Otherwise," the· case shall be dismissed, and' the
1'99.7): - . . decision of the Labor Arbiter shall become final and
.· . executor}/... . .
. A mere notice ·of appeaf"~ithout complying· with the
other . requisites aforestafed ·· -shall not stop · the Compliance .with . the foregoing· conditions. shall
. running of theperlod fbr·perfectihg.an appeal-(NJ..RC suffice ·.to· suspend the running~ of the ·10-day .
RULES, Rule VI, Sec. 4 (~))· . reglementary period to perfect an·.appeal from the .
labor arbiter,:~· oecisfon .to the NLRC (Mc.Burnie· :v. ·
Justification for.N.~n•P.osting :of Bo~~ (NSC)· · .i ·(,?anzon; G.R. Nos. ·178034.& 17$1.17,·october:ti,
1. No ·mon~tary.a_ward (Aba v. NLRC, G.R.. No: 20_.13). ·, . ' ... · .
122627; July 2$, 1999); .
2: The monetary· award · js not §.pacified . in. the lf Motiori is riot. Grar,ted . ·
decfsionj'Orozco v. ·cA; G.R: No. 155207,. April. ·· .Unless the NLRC grants ·th~ motion .to reduce the
·29, 2Q05); · ·· · cash bond within,the 10-day_reglementary period to·
3: . _In case of_~onflict between the body and fallo of /) · . , 'perfect an 'appear from a judgmeQ! of the .LP.,.,. the'
. the decision,_the latter should prevail (Mendo.1.ar.(,\\ ~°:'Pl!?}:'er ·. i~ !i1andc1te~ to pos~. th_e .cash . or. surety
Jr. v.. San M19.uel Foods, lnc., G.R. No, 15_86.£3!1//.,._, . bond securing. the full amount withinthe said 10-day
. .' May 16, ·2005). . l·t;:,~;;, r. :j p~r.iod (McBurnie v.. Genzon, ·G.R. Nos -. 1_78034 ·& .

r •_ · • -,· •· • r, • • ' • ''~- •:' • , ... ,.<it/.• - 1ZQ117

""'""" • • ;. October
• 17·
f•, ·2013''/•
1 · ·
L
I ' :

· Reduction.of Appeal Bond' . /;:f ''.'.;,+i,;;r~.:'.!:!.!:r)!'h,. .:. i:;:). · ·.· .. · · · ·

( Ger:i~ra1·~ule: No motion.to redlice'b.3,od~sffalibe~ IJRe;3soh"atif'~7A!llountofApp~al.Bon.g .
L · entertained (NLR.CRULES; .f.?l!I~ VI, ~tp.,e:BJ:.. /~-;:~) 1: _A cashpft,,uretybond_equiv;:ilE:?nt to 10% ~fth~
f . · ·· · . . · · · . .';. ·;::,!( · 77 t l
t~ , . Exc.eption::\IYithi,:i the p~ri.~O of. ~~i:11'.)_~~~tion_ ·
( for "educt1on·o~ Ap·peal_bon.9.-roaybe rga~:if1~e..... · :)
r~! : monetf!fY.i award ·that . rs subject of the appeal
shall }ro~i~lbnalJy·pe: deemed the. reasbn~b,l_e .
·. amovnt <;if. t~f bond.,m t_he meant.1me ·that an
i.
I
t
i'. following requi$ite;, ·ar~ met: (~AM)·· -'~-. · '1·~·, :;;' · · · ·apP.~llan~1s mo,tion is pending r~~olution·by the
~;.. __ 1. ARec1~onable A~ount ~f1~p~~aM1?®-_!hrela~~JL _;t, :;1 · · ~~1~,¥.ir~f1)~(~9Burnie -v. G~nzon;· 9.R: Nos,
i. to-the monetary award 1s posted; ~oxlf•\ 0~. /- ;-i,•1 1780~;@8·1'17;October 17, 2013). · . · ·
t,
r.
. 2 .. _"There :exists a .. .M.eritp~ious'~{Jt~~d:""{e,,r ·s.u1'=." :.. b· :?- The' monetary a.ward·~o be _cohsider~d _for the_·
reduc;tion (NLRC R.ULES,Rule~V~ Sek!16}, i.e. · 1~~~1_0% ·re_asonable amour,t of appea) bon_~ shall b~ ·
t· ·
,.
financial sfatus of ·appellant iMcliJJ.imie. v. r··:(,.,. ~.~f~xclusive of damages· and attorney's fees
Ganzon, ·G.R. Nos_.' 178034 & 17~1_-17,- Octo1{efh'S'..~.:.~;.!.1,.1:.(!,ifeB'Jmie v. Ga.nzon, G.R., Nos. 178_034 &
17, 2013) : · ·. ,..-{ f,"!.J · · · 178117, October 17; 2013); · ··
~-: . . . . . . . '\:!~,._.~ . ' . . ·.
. . N~·G'Discr~tion.. . ' . . • y .. 10~/o Appe~I-Bor,d On.ly "Provi~icm.al".
The NLRC retains it~. atJthonty· a_nd duty to resolve· The· ·10.% requirement. in · McBEJrnie v. Ganzon
. the mpti'on Jo r~·duce bCJ_nd an_d:detE:rl!line(the final · pertain~ t9_ the reasonable am:ou_nt.which·.th!;l .. NLRC
amount of bonc;l that shall be postedoy the appellant, would. accept- as the minimum · of. the bood ',that
. $till in accor'dc1nce -withthe stl;ln.dards _ohneritotious ~hould ~cconipany:the 1110.tlon, to reduce.· bo.nd. in
grounds· _ .anc! reasonat)Je~. amount (McBurnie-. v.. order to suspend th~ ·period° to _p_erf!:)ct.an apf)eal ·
Gari:ton, GR. Nos. 178034 & 178117, October: 11, ·· . "" under·the NLRC rules-. It is based o_ri the judgmeht·
· . 2013). · · · · ··. aware!·and should in liq c·<!se- P,e ,;:1:mstru.e~.as the
minimum. amoun, of ·bond to be posted-in ·order to
. C;mpiiance wlt.h ttt~ requfsi~es"· .. · . . .. .perfect~appeal. There is."no ... hard- 'and fa.st r.ule in .
The me.re filin·g of a ·motion to reduce bQnd without' . .. determining· whether the addition~!. bohd "to .~e
complying ·with . the requisites .in 'the" pr~geding post~d is reasonable- in reiation ·to the Judgment .
paragraphs sh.all not _stopJt)_e.tunning of the period award (NL.,RC Rl.)LES,. Rule VI; ~Sara Le_e. PHL., .
-to perfect a·n appeal (NLRC RUl-ES, Rule. VI; Sec. 6; 'in_c. v. Mac~flang; G.R .No. 180147; January 14,
.. as amended by En,_Bana Resolution 14-15). · · 20·1s). · · · ·
. ·. .· .\,._ .. . . . . .
Whi.le .the· bond requirement .on appeals involvi_ng
monetary·ai.vards tws ~een relaxecnn certain cases, .
. · this ca[) pnlY: be done wl:Jere ther~ was subs~antial
complianc·e-of ttie Rul.es or where the ~ppellants,' at .
the very least,_ exhi?ited willingness·to pa~ by posting
'\.
·. ' . . .
2019.SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR c:iPER,ATJ_ONSI 219
 • BS MFHiifWM I W ii
ezww. !•• ** **•
JURISO,.CTION AN.D REMEDJ-ES
SAN.BE:(?A LAWCE:NTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS- M_EM'}RY.AID2019 . • .
HP !'. · SW E 1S4SdtM&"ihei , .,z.M&~ijli'**:*2rlril1~tfiJiM!ii'Mi 1!5fW!Bi&l'i'.Rf

Me.rltorious Gro_und . the bqnding company may be blacklisted (/IJLRC

The .rule that the .filing of a motion ·to reduce bond fWLES;.Rule VJ., Sec. 6).
shall not stop. the runni"ng of the period to· perfect an
appeal may be relaxed by the courtwhen: (SPS) Fresh Pe~!od of 10 days to PerfE;ct an Appeal ·
· 1.. Fundamentat- consideration of . .§.ubstanti'iil . __ · T-he appellant· shall be· given · q fresh periOd of 1 O
-~~~; ' . days from notice of the NLRC order ·within which to ·
· ·2. · frevention of-miscarriage of justice or of unjust ·perfect the appeal by" posting the.' required appeal
· enrichment; or . bond in tt,1;? event that the 1\llRC; . ·· . ·
·3.· ·_§pecial circumstances of- the, case combined: 1. · Denies.Hie rnotlorrto 'reduce. bond; or . ' · ·
with .its.Jeqa] merits. andthe amountand issue . ·2. -Requires a bond that exceeds the amounfof the
involved · (Garcia. v. KJ commerctet, G.R. No. - provisional bond (McBimiie v. :Ganzo·n,: G.R,
196830,.February
. . ,. 29,. 2012).
. . . Nos.
. 178034. & 178117, October
. . 17,
. :2013). . · ·

. . . Surety: Bond' · .. · . Non-&~rvice (if Copy of Appealto Appellee

.ln caseof surety bond, the same: . Fallure. to give a 'copy ofthe appeal lo theappellea
· 1: Shall be issued by a reputable bonding company · within .. 10 . days is not.. fatal if. the. 1~11er was· not
duly accredited .by· Hie Commission . or. -the prejudiced by the delay in theservice of said copy of
.Suprell'le Court; arid. .· . . . · . . . . the 'appeal . ..a- -technical "rules must yield to ttie
2, . Shall be accompanied by original · or certif~~~•..::..-~r_oader interest of substantial . justice (Modern .
true copies of the followiriq: (SINO) ,;;?,:-"'--: · 1T ·l' Ff;is/Jii)g,._{JfJai Labor Utiionv. Noiiel, G.R. No: 53907, .
a. Proof 'of SecutTty deposlr. orp'°"coltateral Q:~ fef1f 6}>19r'8:8l- . : ·· . ·
secunnq .the bond: pr.o':'idE;,jtt('(af~Jh~'flf.·- :-·-:':-~,t ,4' ., /(>.~,.. · · · . ·. · · .·
shall not be considered 9~n· ape'~ptable. . ·Note!:C.:~Jfte.~PR.ellee 'may' ·fil!;l with the RAB or
.. security; . . .!' ~Q <-?" ~4-:""':~s~'T-Re§igoal>.Q{fi?e where the appeal was file~. his/ her
b. · An !ndemnity . agr_e~f~t:.<";e:fwean_th,w '1.F· -~s_wer~or~,~~P,l~)d\appel!~nt's "memorandum. of .
. -·e~ployer-appellantawo bonpi~Ag cof1pany.l!, 1Jl ·.aJipeal,lo~la~\:th~p~ calendar days from receipt
c._ Jo1nf l!eclaratic;m· ;f<ii:tder ;~ath x by th~~--~ereof. Ffia1lure\of'IJfi) 'i(art of .the appeffee,who was
~mployer, his/ h~r c~~i.J~I~;~nd t_hej'l:iqi!~l!J9 -fil!r:"·)?fP.~Y'~{urnisb_~t~ifi1 ~ c_opy.9f. tt:ie· appeal ·_to file
· compaQy, attesting ~ha'f..-11;11~ l;>ond 1':!oste-019 ffll!._:;1i1$_ll;iera~swer onrepl~Y111th1n the said period may be
· g'en.uin'e, ar:ld shall~~~iitl'·!lette~f· l,!P,til ·t'i'~~""!\,•~)~stni~~a~. ·a ~aiyel[on,his/ her part ta·file the
· dispo_~jtionof'Uie ca;~e;-,a~l{f ·-~::R\ i'. · ,"~J;:....Psam:JJ?~·~~RULLE:S' ·Ri.J1ey1, Sec:. 4 (c)). . . ·.
d. ~ot~rized board_ re~olui,~l\ _or ·~_eGnffa~Y.·s".'.f' . ,,.-, ·· 1 ~[ J -~,#, ·
certificate ·_tram· th\\....f6ein~mg. -.@~)anY.~1 ..:~~fl !,!l' app~a~. ,s''f>jnect~d1n accordance with·
·.· · ·. .·
· sho\.Vingits auttiorize\_signatqries~j1t~l~~· · "'°'t)i f_es, Jlhe Cop.imission. st:,all limit· itself to
~pecimen s(g~ature~ (1;fLRC __ R.1'4LE~~~~~Mi~_~fig··<JJ>ff d.ec.idir.r9·o~lyttie sp~Gific issues~th.at
. VI, Sec.. 6)_ -\,_ ... : \,,._ .. :SQJ·1:.·N·l~~~el~ated7on ppeal (NLR,C RULES, Rule _VI,
. , . - , '\: .· -.,,'"' .c.1 LlS'El'c. !lr-(g)):--;,,;.· . · · · . . ·_ : · · .
Note:· T.~e <??mmi.ssion 'thrnu_gl1<\t~e:~fi~~~::'.~'(\:J~~ ... ·· · - · . ·. ·. : ·
.. may o.r:1 JU~t1f1abl~ gro.1,mds blacklist~~ti~1mg ,1\ ·t ,§?c~tiol'!-,.Pendang Appeal . . _
company;j1otwithstanoin9 its acc!editEiti<i.i_~~.~y JVl1.U.t.J:1~1sion. of 't.he· ·lab6r. ar9iter orderi,ng the
_the Supreme .Court·. (NLRCRULES,.. Rule. '7r,--n==--reinstatemenfofa cjismissed.orseparated employee
.Se.c. 6).: · · ·. ·. . · ' . . shall :b13:· imfn~diately_ ext:!cufoiy .insofar as· .tl:ie
· r,eJri_s.tafe_n:\ent '$~~ed iS, con·c:erne1 and· tn~ ·:~osting_
A'c,as_horst.irety bond shail b.e·valid and.-etfeGtive .. of:an .appe_al- borict·_by the·-:emproyer. shall. not stay
. from the date of deposit or posting, .i.miil tlie case
. _is:fih,ally. dedqe_d; rep_olyed·or t¢rminated, or the
.
such exe~uti"on
' . ~ . . ·,(LABOR CODE, . . ..
·Art: ·229)•. ·. . .
. . ...

awa"rdsatisffed.-(NLRCRULES;.Rule, VJ, St;!c.-:6).
. . ·. ., ..
· . ·· The appella.tit shall furnish: the appeJlee with. cl
·. -certified true· ~<Jpy of the.said -suretY..bond.'. T_he.
appellee .. shall:" . v~dfy: the . regylanty... ·an~
. ·_genujnene:Ssthe(eof an~ iminediaJely-repprt any
irregularity to ttie ·con:imissiorr (NLRC RULES, .
Rule VI, s.ec. 6)". · · · . · : ·· · . . . · ·
· If . the bo.nd is irregular o·r ·-not.· genuine; the
·_c_ommission· · shall .: ~use ._ the ·imme_diate
dism"lssal of the appeal; · and censwe • the-' .
responsible parties .. ~nd their counsels, ·or .
subject them ·to reasoha~le fine or.penalty, and
Basis: Poifoe Pow_er.and· _the: continuir:ig .. threat or" .
danger to the: ·S\.U:yival or.· eyen the ·life; Of ·ihe.
· :dismissed·_or separated·emptox_e-eiand· hls fat:nlly (Air
PHL Co:. v. "Zatriora, . G.R. ·No,· 148247, Augus( 7,'
2006).' :_ .·. ·. . . .
Note: Reinstatement is imm~diafely execut6ry even ...
.. pending aP.peal only wh~rr the Labor.Arbiter himself.
. ordered. the re.instatemerif (Mt. ·cwmel College_ v_ .
Re.suena, G.R. No. 173076, Qctob.er 1Q, 2007)'.· .
R.einstatement pe'ndlng ·appeai. necessit~te;:"that-it
m1,1st be immediately self~executory without need for ..
a writ. of execution . during' the pendency of . the

i20 I 2019 SAN. BEDA i.AW. CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIQNS

... '
 aa _, aca.
,appeal, if.the law is to serve its noble purpose, and . . . Payroll Reinstatement . .
··any attempt.onthe part of.the employer to evade or . Payroll reinstateme~t means that . al~hou.gh not
delay its execution should not· be allowed (Pfizer, admitted -back "to work, · the · employee . would
tine.,. v. Ve1asco, G.R. No. 177467; Mar<;h 9, 2011). nevertheless be included in the- payroll and entitled
to receive her salary a·n.<;I other benefits as if she
. . Reinstatement Pending AppeJ:11 under Article . were in fact working (Maranaw Hotel Resort Corp.,
: _:229 v: Order of Reinstatement under: Article 294, v. NL{?C;_G.R. No; 1100~7, November 16, 1994). ·
. . . .
Note': The·:emp16yee- is not required to reimburse
whatever. . salary . he received. if . the . order. of
. . . reinstatement bythe Labor Arbiter is reversed on
"t> ·An. , . order Ori- the- other. hand, the appeal. {Colieg~. of-Immaculate Concepcion v..
·t reinstatement .. by. order· of .. reinstatement" NLRC, G.R.~No. 1.67563, Mwch 22, 2010). . ·
J: Labor .' .Arpiter · is under · Art.icle : 29:4
!'.;. lmrnedlately : 'executory, presupposes the· award Duty of ·the: Emplo'ye~'to Not,f:Y. Employe~.
Yf' 'even pending 'appeal. It thereof'is pursuant to a In case the ·oecision of the .LA includes an order 'ot
·r is similar .to a return-to- 'final· and executory : rei_nstatement: it should contain: .
}- -. 1;11qrk .. order, l.e., · to judgmen"t,·and notwhile 1. ·. A staten,ent that. the reinstatement ·aspect. is
Jp- : restore the .status quo in the . :~ case. 'tor illegal irnm.ediately exe9utory;· and· · ·
· the . ~orkpJa'Ge in the dlsrnissal is _p_e~dirig o~- ·,<"") . . 2; · Adir(!divefor the employer tq submit report Of a . 1
me,{:lnJ1me. appeal. · j/-' ;:'.)·1 ·: ~ompliance within 1 a· cal~i:idar days from feceipt ·
.. . ;;.· --~ ,-·.:·· ,\.., of said order (NLRC RULES, Rule V, Sec. 19). · !
~- . :,.·:::;-'~ .
./;;:,. . . ~~ .,.. • d•
}".'- · . , · · • · -, ,,
·~;:s:,J ', ·. .
,: ,,."!..,...~,9nseque!l'c.e of R.eJusal to Reinstate·
.
!'
f( 1,.
No nee? for t_he 1ss~a!')9e N~eds the 1ssua~c:;Et:~~f':3_ "{!-i)l!~Q(~t>:~Riei:\~~)of this .directive clearly denotes. a
''"' . of a wnt of execution (2 wnt _. of exe.3~tJ.,6'n (2, -: 11 · refusa1~tec;-r~iostate. In which case, the- LA shall
'H . AZUC_ENA_. . supra . at AZUCENf.1.:,~SU[irf'!_ ~t ... _ l'f · - imrne~latel~f~~Uea writ of .execution, even pending .
tit . ?024): _ . ·_ 1024) ... }>,.({. _. )"""'T~ .a~peal, _ d~l'e~t!~,9. the employer t? immedi_ately.
~-: .xrH:i-'" __;.,,,.'C""'. !•( re1~state Jhei:l1sfrnssed -~!71ployee either physically
\ _. No_t~: The ·rule· of: reinstat~ir{ri~(pe.E.~-i~g'ii"°pp~ _· it;: . or in th~fa~t.(~ftRP_RULES,, Rule XI, s_~c. 12).
I·
,, apphes only to the order.of r~,:!~iat~menl;'\~S':!_e,c!. t-J .
by .........tf_-~iL_,_,._.}._ , · .
-~: 'the LA (LAB0R CODE, Art. 22Q). · =--:,i'--j) . ;...:::::. · : f,.lf f?,.s a.:._(;qrnse_,.()}1~11l~.~~the.~mployer or tlie_ bonding
· · · . · ·\ ?,T~;.,;,. .f··{:} • 1ut . company-:~!...ill-~µ.,
fl . Ft'.. 11•f 1 .. . Shall
. . , I! .
0 p·t·ions · · o f th:e Emipl oyer ·n I
c~~·f;-l·y,,-'.;--.--,_::t,t·
G,~.. mg'.~.'{• h' an· .
be
·
liable to · pay the
.
accrued salaries: of
- • ,
the.
O
- r ro de · f·R · t t ·
e1ns a eme11
'-t ,.
-
~ ..
~'
r·,
"i . .
. ·1'1Nn~rr.nreinstated employee 1n the amount sp.eG1f1ed tn
, . :.~.'- • · 't.... d ·, . . {A'LRC. RULES R ·1 XI S 12'''
1_. . .. A ct u al 'R '. tatem e nt - the emxtoy-'er' G8l'.J.-'_,-.,i, ... , ,,:lh ~~~-§l.,9ISIOn IVJ I Ue I ec, ''·
( .. . ~ms. ~-- ,.,,, . ,.,_,. ~--,:;...nt!....:aaafiEf.i.&!.:, ·, ·
{. .. ad.m,it the di§missed employee ba"£1<'toWSJlN("' 2. ·· May ~ cited for contem·ptin accord~nce with
'' a. Unde~. the ._S~!lJe·, ter111~ )an~·:R1%1~.1tl9ns "NLRC RUf_ES, RuleXI, Sec .. 9. for. his refusal to
- ·.P(evaiht~g ·. ·prior_ to f:'us -dismissal _or comply with th.e Wfil of execution orde.ring the
separa .mn, or·t' · · · · ., · · · t t . t"· 1NLRC . RULciS .R ·1 XI S · 'g
, b . .·T9·· a s~...b.ts .;1_111a 11 y ~qu~va 1 en t· p0·s1-1-·ion .1"fth.e remsaemen-
b , . .. · 1, . ·. . ,:;;;:, ·, .ue· · . , . · ec.: .
. · · former position is··already-filled up; or .. .( '}). · · . : ·· . ··
. 2. P&yr.oll · -~ein.statement ·__.:. ___ the · employer .~a~
Jnstani::es_. when." Writ ·of Ex.ecution of LA's
. reinstate Jhe employ.ea·merely in the payroll with
. :j:>aymenl. qf .the accrued ·~alaries .. {LABOR · Re~nstatem~nt'Or(ler Still Required ·. ·
· · CODE, Art. 229). . . · "'° • 1-:. When the . emp_loyer . disobeys the: p"rescribed
.· :directive ~o ·submit repo"i-t of compliance; and ..
N.ote: T,he.. ~~er~ise of ·.one of the "fqfegping ~ptions·: ·2 .. When. e.mployer refuses to reinstate the
dismissed .employee (NLRC RULES; Rufe XI,
may .be coin"pelleq_under·pain" of coti.t_empt-and..the, . Sec:·9). ·. · · ·,
·e·mpioyej: may· be n,ade. to pay" ·the salary-.of the
employee .instead ·(NiRc· Rl,J!-ES, R.ULE-'lX, Sec.
.-· 12). . . .. . . . . . · T:h.e. LA shalf: ~otu proprio i-ssuea wrifto satisfy the ·
reinstatement wages as. 'they: ai::c;t.ue .until actual
. The ·order ~f rei~stafeine~~ by.
the Lab.qr Ar~ite.r is
. re.(nstatement . _<;>r ~eversal · of · the·. order.. of
re1r.1staternent (Nt.RC RUl.,.ES,.
.. ·.
Rule XI, Sec. ·12).
. · obligatory ori th_Efpart of. th·e: employ~r ... He is. oti_lige_d· . . ..
to., ,~instate and ·pay-the, wages c:if. the. concerned
employe~ .durii:,g tne·period of.appeal.until reversal
by ·.the. ·tiigher court· (Roquerb· v. · PH Airlines,' Irie.,
GR. No. 152329, April 22, 2093),

2019 SAN BEDA:LAW CENTRALIZED. BAR OPERATIONS 221·

 1u·R1so1cr1.0N ANo··:REMEDIES
. SAN BEQA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS_ - M_EMORY_AID. 2019 ·

. IE
Te.st to Determine Employer-'s L{ability
. .
.
as A> '&'21555

Transmittal of Records
iMW~ ...

The test to determine the liability ofthe employer Within 48 hours after the· filihg of the appeal, the
-who did-not relostatethe employee. penr;ling appeal records of the case shall be transmitted by the RAB
to. pay _wages of the dismissed employee covering ·a_r·office of or"igin to the Commission (NLRC RULES,
the period from tile time hewas o_r.qe~ reinstated· by .Rule VI,. Sec. 8).. .
the LA to the reversal of the LA's declslonis two-fold, ,·
to wit: ..:. Effect of Filing of Appeal ..
. 1. There mustbe actualdelay or the fact that the General Rule: Onceian appeal is filed; the Labor
order of- reinstatement pending appeal was not · Arbiterloses.jurlsdlctlonover the case. All pleadings
executed prior.to 'its reversal; and · · and motions pertalnmq to the· appealed case shall
2. · The delay must not: be due to· the· employer's thereafter· be · addressed to. · and filed · with · the
unjustified .act.or omissioA.lBergonio li._S9uth Commission (NLRC RULES, Rule VI, Sec. 9). · ·
: East Asian Airline~/'G.R.Nd:-,f95Z27; ~pril 21, ' ·
· 2q14).. ',· . · ,• ·. . .. . . . · . . ."exceptio~: , · immediate ·, relnstatement . pending
' . appealunder Seetion 6 ot R1:1le XJ (NLR<:; RULES,
Note: Ir° the delay. is due .to 'the, employer's Rule VI, Sec'. 9).· . . . . , . . : . ··'. . .
··unjustified_ refusal, the employer-may still 'be .
requlredto pay.the satarlesnotwlthstandlnqthe · . Frivolo.us or-Dilatory Tactics . .
reversal. 'of the La_bor. Arbiter'.$_. decisi~g~g_}l1ppeal· from 'an interlocutory order. shall be
· (Bergonio·v. _South EastAsian·A;,,~~es,.}1,-:~':"No.1f I ·. f!ptj· -~~-~ (NI.RC RULES, RuleNI, sec. 10): ·
.195227,April 21,. 2014). · .;,/. jst,.~ !V j'\ . J ',),"'<'">- . -. . · .· , . .
. . · . ·· ;#'<"'-· (~--;-..:=-~~hJ:} Com_m1~s1on may, after heanng, censure"
Reversal of· Payroll 'Reinstat~Jfjent ~~-ahl>.r · .. or cite"'-ilii7coJ;it~t.iiPt-the erring parties -and ttleir ·
Arbiter, . · . p.*'·~~(;)#/ .,..,.....":""'"..,.....,.,.;.::=~-eou1:1~~0("'-subi_e1,t them to: reasonable fine or
Aft.er the Labor Arbiter's d,ec,w.q,1·:Js~leyer!;fd "by·m) ""if' ,RSJrialty '(NC~'F._P:,f:!flEs;Rule VI, Sec. 10). ""
high~r tribunal, the erriploye.~ may-,,¥barjed from ·,811~ A~ · \ . ''t f .. \ ., · ·
collectirig'the·accrued;wageef( if it ist5howfthat the .... ~ PRO~E~D.INGS~Ei;:,ORETHECOMMISSION
delay· in enforcing the reinstatit:'n:tentpending"appeal" . · '(RWef1ci¥.the Di}cifssiGluhderthe NLRC) i
. waswithout fc11,1lt; on the ~aff-,;0f, tf:ie: ·~tnp~~ (-:"_,,.~, ff . . ~I\<,=-~ J. . ·. . · ' · !·

(Bergonio v. South East '*ia1J,.;r.<:\rnes, rl\R. r,/o{._·.. ~m. CEIUIJ=:IEDjlO-ASj$ ' . . · · .

;

19!!227!'i!!-prii 21, 2014). . ~ <t..q~ .. -~t-~ f.." . ;'§:'~ ~e.!!!!!,(e:f~or : is put~~ _ .. · . . ,.

: . . .t (.
n 't..
1!1 case of Corporation un~t~Refi~,l>ilit!~1-'l~ .' .
f ......~ '\ ;, : I'":' : I~ ,_~t109~..J~terelJ--,,cases. certified by the DOLE
}1:.~79eJ~_1to jthe . '<1:§mmission for con:ip'ul~ory,
Upon appointment by the -Se~u,ritifr~ ::!(Id E(ij1af.j~gf.'. ~);~jlf;;itl.i5n·_lin9"er,Art,J'278 (g) of_-the Labor Cocle
Co~mi:>5ion_.of .a rel:labi!itation-\(e~~iv.~~JI- 'ficj,ti?3us""'---.;~J.,.-/{lf[t1~crR_UiJt~, Rull:fl'vlll, ~ec. 2). . . : . ·. · · · .
for claims. bef9re. a.ny co1:1r:t., "'nbu~al~Qr. ~~~,._>-/ . p". · · . .·
~inclt:idiag !he' LN agains! the co~~r~tib!';;tj~d:!Jps~li.1P.'6!£~ ~'r><.Y /. : • . . • : ·. :· ' :
.Jure b_e su~pe!"lded·(G~!c,a v. PH.A_°Jf,f!fsf'i!J,9fG.R.""?s=;:=.:,,,~r,-a ei:istlre)ng,mamtam 1ndl!.lstnal peace bas~d on·
No. 7164856, January,20;2(}09). · ~~~ U J · ·)JI.. ~.~1a~b6'11;:efaiid natio.nal inter~st by: liav)r:ig a full,
' . ... . . . . . ·. . ~ 1, }.k~n\01et:efand'immediate settlernenf 0[ adjudicqtion
~ecords of·Case on ft:ppe~J-. . . . · . ""..r.=x..e-="""ofm'i'"1~pordisputes b~tween the parties, as well as
·The records· of.-~ c;ase shall h~ve; cii. correspondiryg . . · jss.ues that are-relevant to or incidents of the.certified
inde.x: ·._of.· -its- cq!it~nt$ · whic/1 shall. iriclue:le · ttie · issues (N(RCRULES, Rule·ym;:"sec.·1)~ ·
following: (GPM~OAMO)· : ·. · ., . · · · · · · ·
1 .. Original copy"of the g,o_l'l,)plaint;, A;sumption of SOLE" or Certification:·o.fthe c~;·e.
. 2.:. · Other'fleadin_gs.and_ motioris; · . .· When, in· ·his . opinion·, ·there·exists_. a. i.abor- dispute ·
3, ·Minutes 6fthe·pr9ceedingS; notices,:-trans.cripts" .'c_ausing or-.likely to'c:ii"u:;;e a stfike·or lockouUn an.
·of_Ste.nograpl:l.ic nqtes, if.~riy;, r .. ·. . .
1
indU$try indispensable . tq . riational ·ll')terest;. the
.... 4, Qec,sion_s, orders;: ·and .resolutions ·BS· well. as · .Secretary of. La~?r and En,pl0yment. may ·a~~um~ .
proof 9f~ervi~e.trereo.f,if available;· ·. .jurisdiction over th~ dispute ·and· decide' jt or. certify
5. .The computation ot:tM:Award; : · · . . . tlie · same ·to· tt,iij · Com.mission · for compulsory · ·
6 •.. Niemoi'an.d1,1m cif appea!'.an~:the 'r:eply or' answer"- · arbitration· (!AB9R CODE;Art. 278 (g)J: . . .,
thereto, if ~ny,- and proof of ~ervic~,-if'avafla~le;
and. · · · · · · :._ · Effects·of Certification . · ·•
1: . Official fec~ip(of the app~al fee; and the app_eai 1". Upon .certification, .Jhe_ intended or ·impending .
bond; if any (NLRC RULJ=S,~Liie VI, Sec .. 7).. · strike or _ lqckoi.Jt is automatically · enjoined,'
. notwithstandlng 'tt_le fllin'g . qf a'ny motion : for
Note: The· ~ecords· shall be chrohologically arranged. reconsideration of. Ure l::ertificatiori 'order or. the
and paged· prominently. (NLRC ROLES; -Ruie VI, non:reso.l4tiori. of any such motic?.n· wfi"ich .may.
Secn7) . · have been duly submitted· to· the. Office o"f the __

. ~·222, I '2_019 SAN

. SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED-BAA
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OPERATION$
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)UR'
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l·s o1cr·10.N ·AND
SAN_
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BE~A-LAW CEN!RAUZED BAR OPERATIONS -·MEMORY AID 2oi9 .
W!i *41AijM M

Secretary of Labor arid Employment (NLRC · Procedu_re in Certified Cases . . .

·RUL.ES, Rule VIII, Sec. 3 (a)). 1. When there is no r:ieed to !=Onduct a
If a· workstoppage has already .taken place at clarificatory hearing
. the lime of the certiflcation, all striking or locked
.· .
out employees ·shall·. immediately 'return to The C;mm'fssion shall resolve all certified
work and : the employer shall . immedia.tely cases, within -39 calendar dayi from r,~·ceiptby
resume . operations and readmit' all workers ,the assigned ~ommission~r .. of the · c<?niplete
underthe sameterms and conditions prevailing records, whi.ch shall.include the posi.tion pc1pers
, . . before the strike or lockout (NLRC RULE$, Rule of the parties and the or.der of th.e Sec.re.tary of
]$_" . . V[tC Sec. 3 /a)). . _. . . : .. _ _Laper and EmploymMt de.nyi'"!9 .th.emotion.for
~~·s. · All .cases .between the same· parties, except reco.nsideraticin of the certificatioo order,. if··any
'il,,. where lhe' certification order specifies otherwise (NLRC RULES, ~ Rule. :Vil/,
. . Seo. . •'
5 (a)),. .
l . ·. the Issues.. submitted for- .arbitratlon 'which are 2... When ·a .clarific~tory hearing :is ne.eded· . .
1 · already filed or· may be.. filed and are relevant to
orare proper incidents of-the certified case, shall- The.' commisi,io~. shau' within. 5 ~a!e~~ai days
be .consldered 'subsumed or absorbed by. the from receipt·df the· records, issue a notice to be
certified .case, ·arid- shall be .decided. by the served on the parties thr.ougll the fastestmeans .
. : appropriate Division of the Oomrnissjon ·(NLRC available, requiring.them lo appear and submit
RULE~. Rule VIII, Sec. 3,(b)). , · . · · additional evidence, if any (NLRC RU~E$;Ru!e· ·
· .· · . . ·. . · · · · · . ..,,./:') . VIII, Sec._·_5 (f?)).. . ·. · .. .· . . . , .
. f:!iot~: The.parties to a certified case, under·µ,~i~ :)J'-
of contempt, shalt inform their counsels ahdf.fh_f)',(.·-_' :'\ · Res~lutio·n:. . .
Division:concerned of all cases pending wit~:tlil(f .. :-· 1\\ All' . certified cases Shall· be resolved by the
. Re~ional Arbitra!ion 13r.~n.c~esand the V9lari~~r,' : .:. ,-,;~~:~·~9.q;imissig~·,ith_in·6~ calendar_days froi:n·r~c~)P.~ _of
Arbitrators 'relative or incident t? the ~fJtifl~ · n;·-~'-""-tt-1e.i~1:>l~~~}~1;?cords by the assigned Commissioner
!,ase betore. i( (fy_LRC RULES;. ~f.!;!_)l!}.C;.,::;_ec. 3~-r t{ (r:,JLRC-Rt}l::ffi.f.:R~le VII!, Sec. 5 (b))... . . · · . ·:.
· {b)). . ·, /'" · · · ,! l:.r;:a'J ·· . f/fj~ · • . ·
. · · : . . _ . . . · . \~ <{. .. .. ),··-·i\ _ Note: No ih~t1~n for, exte?,sion · or _postp.one_me~t
4. Whenever _a .cert1fiect· 1abor cj1spgtej~~0Wes a hi ~_hall be eF1t_e~a1Q~d(IV!..,RC fWl~S, Rule ~Ill, Se~.
. · ·· ?i.lsin.~ss en.ti!¥: with sev~.r~l:_-~ri<pl~q,~i;id?a~~t.. l ;:\ 5 _(.c)). /· ~ \ · · . . . · ·
;, .
l>'.· · •
1n tlifferent regions, the D1vbt911 hatp,F.1.9temtonal'•
J·uns
··· d"iction· over ... I.h·e · · p··,n·,..,.·p.
a•-~otti·,,.
·i:!-, of\'-·the ,,-
L1-
..-i, E)(ect1fior-r.9,
,: · , \ ·
J-ladgment. in Certified .C~se
-. .. . . .
· .
\. + r - '-.i' t-:-- ~T-i' .... _. : ~>-'!I~, , J:•-.: .. -t '!>#' ,,.-
-:.- . company shall aGtjuire ju'r-i_sdicti,om.';46, detj~~--. 1•'') -1. M t~.._,.l?:B.f!,..9J:fir ·. . . · .
such labor' dispute; un)ess the'<'ce_!1iji~atlbrord~t · · ~: I 2. Upon_ motion ~Y the pro~er.party (Nf,.RC ?f..!LES; 1.
providEi°s otherwise (NLRC RCIJ..~.s'. R/f(~ viii. !·,(_·--:-:~ R~I~ '(Ill,- Se?. 6~. . ·. ·· . . .. . . I

·s .. 3 1 ,\\ ·, . . • > /-:;) . },... ,'' ~ .,,~1.--,,,,. . . ·. . • !

1·
. e_c.. '1G11· ....• - · . - · . ),;::;:,--.... ,!.~··"©0.N.TEMtit-
~)-.: •.:.:.. _ .. .· . ."' · 1·
. · . ~ •
· ·· , •
. :f.:
J;tr F
· ' /"··p--~---~--~)l-:..
. .j Direct Contem·pt ,· .
Effects-of.Defiance . . ·· · ·-,.~ • ./. / ..... : , Nature ·, . .
'f · It. shall be considered a~ an illegal·. a~t CQQ]_~,t~edrn · · The Chairman. any.Commissione.r ·or labor Arbiter . or
r·· :: the c°.urse. of ;the_ .~tr1~e· .or l_ockout, and. :shall. . . maysummarily'adj).ldge:g~i)tyofdlrecJ.qorite.r:nptar::iy.·
. authonze·· ~he: 9o_~m,.ssr?n to ~mf?r~e 'the s~me_- peri;'on.(NLRGR()LE$,- Rule 1X. $eq; 1; as amended
U{lder pan:i.. o! . 1mrneo1ate . d1sc1p!ma.ry actiory, ·. ,by:En Banc.Resolu.ti6nNo. ·14;17). .. . . . . : .....
in.eluding,_ (D-PO~) · .: . .- · · . · .: · · · . · · · . · ·. · · · - . , ._
1.:. ·. Q.isn:iissal or loss of employment·sta.tu~;. . · Gr.oun·ds . :· - . '· ._ .. .. . : . . .
2::·· ..!~ayment' ·by the !ocking-out ·: em·ployer · of :Any ·act of mis.behavior in the. presence ofor so n~c:1r :·
i backwages, d~mages; . . :. · ' ... ·. the Chafrman or ahy Commissioner or Labor Arbite~ .
3.: Other.affirmative relief; and · . . as to obstruct.orfr1te.rrU.PIthe proceE).dihgs .befpre fhe .·
·4. '?ven-cnminal ..."prosecution agc!inst the liable same, inc.lu.ding'; (10$3'.'A)" ._. ·. . . · ·. - . ·.. . .
partie's (NLR.f RULES, Rule VIII, ..~e~: 4). 1 ..- Lise of !ntemperate · l~rigui,ige·._: durin~ .·the.'
. proc¢edirigs-'before~~id-otf!cials;···. . .. : .
Note: Th.a . Co.;,mission·· . may ·al.so.. seek the 2. Offensive acts t6wards·)he sai.d offii::fals;· .
. . assist~nce. of.law ·enforcement agendes to ensure 3 .. Refusal to be sworn or·to answer as a witness;
... "complia1\ce and . enti:m:e.ment of its orders :_and · 4. Retusafto subscribe.to ari affictavit·or <;1eposltion
_·. re~ol_~tions:(tyLRC RULES, Rufe VIII,· Sec. 4). wh~h.la~uiiy·r~qujr~d·to do_s·o; ·_ . ' . .
·.. ;
5. Hef4sal "to .§ign, witho.ut any justifiable reas.ons,
the Min.utes ·Of the. proceedings .even if present '
. or . hc:!S ·. par:ficJpatecl .. in , the. disCll?Sior,'1/
de_liberation; and-

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~.: 201!;! SAN BEDALAW CENTRAL,IZED BAR.OPERATIONS I .~?3 ·

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 FIS$
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-JURISDICTIO.N.AND RE_M.EDIES·-
SAN BEDA LAW C£NTRALIZ£D BAR OPERATIONS~ M(MORY AlD 2019"
¥
.~1\fta,u ..,iBA1»MWWWliid'ffe.NWtwz i+-,+FHW 94Z4if? td! Midi .- 'tiii4 ,,w
6. Oher ~n~logous circt,.rmstanc.es (NLRC RULES, ·. lndfrect ·co.ntenipt
· Rule IX, Sec. 1, ·as amended by En· Banc Grounds: (MD-PAAD~PSA) . . -~
Resoll.Jtion No. 14-t-7). · 1. Misben.avi6r,of any officer or employee in the -I.
perforrnance,of his/her -official duties or in his/ .
Pe!')alties _ her-official transaction; · ·
1. If the .ottense -i~ committed aqalnst the 2: Q.isobediehce .o( or resistance· to, a lawful writ;
· Commis·sion'or any member thereof: order or decision:" . - . .
a. A fine not exceedinq ?500, 3. · Any- abuseof, or any unlawful interference with
b. Imprisonment not: excee~i"ng 5 days; or the frocess.es. or proceedings not constltunna
c, Both. ·(NLRC RULES, Rule lX,. Sec. ((A), as- · direct contempt; -, ·
amended by E.n Banc Resolution No. ·1.4-17) 4, · Any_ lmprojier conduct tending, directly· or
.. ~- lfthe.offense is committed. agains.t ·any Labor· indirectly, ·to impede, obstruct or. ..degrade the ·
Arbiter: · ., ·· · ·· · . ~dministration ofjustice; ·
:a.· .A fine nof.exceedlnq P1 QO; 5. • ·-Assu,:niqg to be an attorney-or a· representative
b. Jinpri_ionment not exceeding 1· day; or . . . · of party without authority; · · · ·
c. . Both (NLRC RULi=$, R_ule IX; Sec. 1 (A), es · · 6; Failure' to obey a §ubpoena duly served; or ·
. amended by En.-Banc Resolution No. 14- : 7. U_sil of Q.erogator.y,.offen.sive, rnallcious or
false.
· 17): . . . . . . statements in pleadings .submttted before the
. ~ . . . . . ·,,=-.,.=---=::~ Con'iin!s~icm or· its RAB where the proceedings
Note~ - . -_,,;;,~. . ·ir )--r )'. j_ai'~~nd1ng; . .
Wtiere a fine is irnposed.. the Order f?,f;;"9on!f~~pt L
}\JM~kit)~ny fublic, baseless and maliclous:
shall be immediately issued: If th~ 83r-t~fadj!idg_~==---=~l;l(ate~iwt~tending -to undermine the
guilty of direct contempt refuses tcMtfY.th'e.)"~fs/he . · .. . :)3'dJ:Qin.istr?,fl(?J\ of. . -justice against the
shall· be subjected to subsidi~ry~irilpr.i_~9~e.r:i.t,of·4'.'"'- -s-=··=--....,.,.,_C.&~'rnls~i1,r,:' . member thereof, or any LA, by
aq_y.
day for every P1 O~ fine ·(NLF}lJ([jl:J,L;Ej~, pite_. IX~) ')!' w any1,pa~q_c-,~~el y.'h~ ~as a case, pe_nding_or
Sec. 1 (A), as amended by EljJ' ~a[ii:ifjfesolut,on NJI'. .!l; }:~ o!he~rse\ppfore·1.!_)eofficials concerned; 'and
14-17).
· '· .:
·.·
.·
.
·.
l
.' · ///ff.
f ~ .. , f ' )P'-
9..:.,..,Other, g_r.o~r-c;l~~alogousto the foregoing ·
. . ~::-:-'l~!l_s ._ . -rrot;Ff Rl:Jfit~~~eIX. Se~. 2). .. .. . _·
Where rmpns_onment rs .rmpqse'a';"'~eCha!'f.1a,n~:1l)e""--:1lYJ t:z'!:~" .{ . . \I"'· t . . .
Commissi.oner;.orthe Labof, ~,r::l:~jtefr;.may ~eputi~y{-;--p ~r-0ceedmgs · "} ~~1 fl ·. . . . .. . . ·
· any security personnel of th,N~cltoh~<illli~ gwl!Y~~1.. Jl,10Jfl[#_r9pr,<§ oy u1JJ Comm1ss1~n or any Labor
person or, when ne<:;e~sarx(,',\se~\rte·~~pol1,-.&~~f'\' ;A.]~,t1ib$ya,ffeto~·ertpr.any .other_ formal c,li;::itge
assi~tance. The, Commitmer\t fdl:cter;~nd'\i·~~·!?·~-:~¢<~.,\f 1;,.9"9Jfi{g·fhj\ respbJldent to shoW cause why he/
of_.. Contempt sha_ll · b.e-_ · i,r;_nr'nedi~tel_y ~~bt~,· · ~""'/~m,e.·· ?ll)Jt not_b'eJpunished for·contemP.t; or ,,
. Thereafter,·th~ guilty person_.sll~IJ be 13'r<QuQh .. £~~, .. mE;i~'ced .by/ a· v~rified petition· (NLRC
· _ne~rest.poli~~ st~tion and be:de~ined t~n:.{._<@~IJ;;"X,,.\-·\.~~Lfj:S, Rule!){; Sec.~ (A), as amended by En
Perrod specrfred-.m-
. the .Order of ·G::ohtempt,,:~/[RG-....::dl
-,~: ·4;,;.~::if~~ . -· C/1),,,.. Batfc -<!
R-e..§.dluJ1on
y_·•y ,f7 No. 14-17). . .
.
RULES, Rule_. IX, Sec. 1 (A),· as arq_e!'}'!:!JP/1 .,.._~~~"'~ . ~(~\4·:,t: : . . · ·
ljJaoc.Resoluilon ~Q. 14~17). ·. : .. ~--{.{(. . --r-u~ Pf.1~Qij;to~esolve·.: .. ·•. . . · ...
· · ·- · · . . . . · ~~- :· . .fv liff~!'.rsl.l,:be .resqlved wtthHJ a non-extendrt;>leperrod of
·Peripd to' Appeal (Adjudged·by the LA) . c ... :-..-.;,,;..""'~~;i"c~lendar days. Jrpm the receipt" pf-the Verified·.
:Wit~in a·· per\od .of 5 ~alerydar·days from ··notic~ of the::· . A)'iswer/CommE;i_ntOf · !-lP!'.ln.. the.· lapse· :of 10-day, .
judgment. The decision· of th~:<;;ommissi.ori shal.l be · . p~riod to submit the s·ame· (NLRC RULE;S, .·Ru/f!J '/X, ·.
imm·ediately executory·. and u nappealab(e: '(NLRC Sec_: 2 (B), as a'mended by _E;n BancRft_sofµtion No.
RlJLE;S, Rµie-.fX,. _Sec_.· 1 (B), as
_aroe_nd~d by Et,. ." 1+1lf· . . . . . .
Banc Resolution No. 14-17).. · · .·. · .. ,
P~n.;iltjes: . . . . . . . . .. . .. .
. Effect of Perfectio_nof an Appeal ·1. Wcamm.Jtt~d a.gafnsJ the.· CommisS:i_on :or ·~ny
The execution- o.f said judgm~_nt..shall· be stispended . member)Frereof. ..:.. ·a fine of P1 ,o.oo:·per·-da·y f¢_r
. pending resoluti'on. oflhe· appea!. up_on the. fili,:ig ~Y . every act of indirect contempt; . .. . . . .
. ·said person of a bond on.conclition that-he will abide. . 2. : If. . the offense· is .. committed against _Labor.
by_°~nd _perfprm the judgment-shouid)he appeal be .. Arbjt~r .,,·@ fine 'of P900 per d~y for·'every.aci.of.
· . decided against_him/her (NLRC RULES; Rule JX,. · ·. ' ·. ind ire.ct cohte.mpt; . . · . · . ·.
. s~c. _1 (BJ, -as·ame_nded _by·En. BiJncResoJµtionNo. · 3. · If it involves ci violatk>n of ·an irijur)ctior:i or, an
14~17)". . · · · . ·.:. · . . . , ,- . ~mis~ion to do an. act wit~irj the power of the
respondent.to perform'~liable for damages a -as
c;onsequence there"of;.a_nd . . ..

224 I 2919 ~AN- BEDA L!',W CENTAALIZEq_ BAR OPERATIONS

·;
 JURISDICTION·AND REMEDIES.
it',;.. . . .
SAN BEDA !AW CENTRAUZED OAI{ OP.£!?-4TIONS :' ,MEMQRYAID 2019
1~i·~·>tf'i!':*41Wi<li9 MN R WWI Bi 1Ati4¥F tHSM+w .. fi:$¢Y.tiMI ; iii&ieS·2£hiA\35ff.m;Il . ;2f~(!l'!~

~~-4: If the contemptuous act constitutes a series.of render .ineffectual·any decision in favor of such
· act or a continued refusal/defiance to a lawful party; ·
order,. writ . or decision -· a fjne for eve'ry .. ·2. · Certification . of non-forum shopping shall.
contemptuous· act or per day. of continued .· accompany the petltlon for injunction; and
· ·refusal/d.efiance (NLRC RULES, Rule IX; sec. 2 3. Posting·of the requlred cash bondin the amount
..::
1
.:_!:'.·
. (C), as emended by {=n Banc Resolution No. 14- · · to be determined by the Commission to answer
, 1.7). · · · for any ·damage._th.at may, be suffered .by the
.;.:.,. . . · . . .party enjoined, if it ,is finauy.deterrnlned that the
J:'Enforcemen.t of decision . . petitioner is· not antitled'thereto >(NLRC-RUL~S,
)f,'.;: A writ of execution may be issued to enforce the. · · Ru,lf!X, Sec. 1). . · ·
,_. decision· irnposinq -euch . tine 'and/or consequent . .·
.: damages as ·punishment for indirect ..contempt. _In Strikes or Lockouts . . . . .
i; (NLRC RULES, RuliflX, ~ec. 2'(D);· as emendedby . A prellrniriary or permanent (nji:i'r1ction. may -. be
~'· En· E3anc ResolutiorrNo._ 14-17). granted by the Commission: . : . . .
l~ · · ··· 1. Only after heaririq 'the testimony. of -wltnesses .
l: Remedy and. with opportunity for cross-exammanon 'In
~7• The person adjuqged guilty of indirect contempt may . . support of the allegations qf the complaint or
tJ:· appeal. the Order issued by the Labor Arbiter to the. petltlon made. under oath, and.testimony by way
ft· Commission. by filing. a Memorandum of Appeal of opposition thereto, if offoreg,·and , · ·
.wtthin 5 'cetender days from.. receipt th~~eof (NLRC.·.,<) 2. Onlyafter'a finding of fact by the. Commlsslcn:
RULE.S. Rule IX, Sec. 2....(E), as· amended by JF.ef.:/)( (PAIR-P) .
Banc ResolutionNo. 14-'17). . · . . r: ,,;/!.' ,'~\ a. Thaffrnhibite<;I or unlawful acts- have been
·. . r;-}4~;. ,,.,,.~ threatened arid ·will be committed and will be
Note: · . · \J ! • ·,: · •· "i. · co11tiriu·ed . unless . restrained, . but no.
The memorandum of appeal shall state-the ~.!8,6n<[&.:;.rf~~.,..,.~[':!).~~i.~tion. or' temporary restraining order-
: of appeal and t;>.e ~ccor:r:ipanied'by. proof.p,a:,ll'l1entof~.J.\,r -,..shalftie rssued on. account of an.y threat,.
· appeal f~e of P500- (NLRC..RUL..ES,. R(:fri>f, Se~. -3):···H · . P.ro.~i~\\edor .unlawful act, excep_t.~g~inst
(E)). . · · . . \.;~J~ ,, · / l~ : thEJ JP~\son or persons, assoclatlon or
. · . . . · . . . · · ·.,;;/). (~ ·. ...r'-" _" : t'',r . OJga~i~aJion : making .. t~e· ttir¢at· or
·.·1.NJUNCTION.. . · ·. , · · ·..,-<:.[';..-'( ~!/~ ..... · -~ ., ·1~_l, . .· ~9rri~ittin\):theprohibitedorunla'Wful'act'or
Ter:nporarr. Restrainin~ Ordtr;;9"RQ-)~9~sists:. <if'\ W) .... · • ~-j~c!u~~'X.~jth~~zing' or .:ratifyi.~g· th.~ sam!;l .
·orderi, _which may. require; fo(Qfp; OJ:6S1.@'.lOE:. ~El!f.!.R · _.:. ~;',_1 . .· · '~~,af.t~r.·:~9f~.,,~owledge there:.of; : · · · . .
0f an ~ct.. The power . of the:'~~R~tp:;','?JlJOtrn::-~~1. · l+·"l · b. ."-Tbitifli~J~.t,oner has no ,Adeq1.Jc1te remedy at·.
·r~strain, the,commission ·ot·any '<?riJ,11!·~¢'r'o~ibi.tedor fi'f · law; · .. ·
unlawful acts under Article 225 (e) 6flth~ li:a~~dr Co8e . ft-~>c. That· ~llbstantial and irreparable !njury·· to
can only be exercised in a . labor. d~J;>U~6lJlrNLRC ,/"t;: e?~)~Pl_Qetitioner'sprop~rty will 'follow;
RULES, Rt:ie· X! Sec ·1). · .1,/t.
·· x<1;;:z.a-~_.,.,;.'.~:J,t.q:.hi3t as t? ~.ach it~m of ~eli?f to be gran~ed,
· .: · . . . ·· .. ·. '. ' . \")_· ~ frftJ _.greater. lllJUfY. Wiii be Inflicted: upon the
Npte: A n,istraining_prder .is not an· injul'.\tl4dn\at all pe.titioner--by-:the denial <:>f reliefthan. will be
.. but.ci writ to comp~! parties to' maintain th'itir(auers. inflicted'ltpqn i'espom;lentsby the graritirig (lf
. in. controversy in status.' quo.. until· the ::question bf reli.ef~and ·.... ·:. . ·. . -- '.' . ·. . :.
' : . -whether or nofa .temporary .or preliminary injunction . e. That tti·e. Public. officers charged with· the ·.
"·' . ought.to_pe:j~slle,d may'be deterrnine,d {f?FHomes . duty tq prote'c~ :p·etitiorier's prpp_er:ty' are··.

~
{ v;·Reyes, No. 44514·R/MarcfJ 16, ·1971). · · ur.:iable or unwilling ·t9 furnish ;:idequate .
... . ' . . . . protection (NLRC R()LES,'Rule X, Sec. 2).
Who Mel}'. Issue: (PSN) · · ·· ' · · ·· · · ·

I;, . . . 1. fresident (Art. 278 (g)); .

2. §.ecre1ary of Laqor (Art. 278 (g)); ~nd . ·
. . . Notice an:d Hearing
· Hearing shall be )leld after d.ue._ahd personal notice
f
:
i~ ·
3. ..~LRC .(Art. 225). ·.. . . · .. . thereof has been served, iii such. manner as lhe
Commission shatr direct; ·10 all known persons

I
In Or'di.na_ry .Labor-D)l?.J)Utes. agak,st whom reli.ef.is' .sought, and ;:ilso to thE;i Chi~f
· A preHminary or., pemianent injuncti9n m~y- be Executive and otherpublic officials of. the province or
·granted ·oy -the Commission .t!Jrough.. its Qivisions city. within· which 'the _linlawfQI .. acts have b~en.
. pursi.iant-tcrArti9le229.(~) of the labor Code,.wtien: .threatened'·or committed chargl:ld with the duty to
1. It' .is. establislisd ·on the basis· of... the. ·sworn - . prote~t·petitione.r·s·property·(NLRORULES, Rl!le X,
.. . ailegat)on~ ·. in . the . petition . that the acts . Sec ..._3). . .
complained of .involving or arisingJrom.any·l~bor:
dfspute. before the ComlT)ission, which;· if not
'f · :restrained or ·performed fortl}wit_h, may_ cause
,. · grave or irreparab1~ damage to any party or

·2019SAN BEDAlAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I 225 ·

 JURISDICTIQN.AND·REMEDI.ES' ..
·J.;;.
,
. SAfll BWA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS-- MEMORYAID 2019 .
~~~llteee••-=•m&IZlll!lllm@lllki:UKD¥CIIMlll'nbll:IS21:1
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l.'DM,•+a:KS!D.l!IIIIIElll!lllll:IIIIIDMAilmilllRill:
. '3!Zl}EillNa+111111--11-m111na3!1 j
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Reception of Evidence; Delegation Effectivity: 20 days.from the posting of'the . . ,
It may be delegated by the Commission to any of its . cash bond required (NLRC RULES,Rule x; '
Labor Arbiters. who shall 'conduct 'such hearings in Sec.. 8). ·.
such places . as: h~/she may'. 'determine to be
accesslbte to the parties and their witnesses and o.uring, th~ . said period, the parties shall be
shall .· 'thereafter .. submit . his/tier report . and required: to 'present evidence to substantiate
recommendation to the Commission .within .15 'days their respective positions in the main petitton
from such delegation (NLR<; RULES, fMe X, Sec.. · :(NLR.C .RULES, Rule X, Sec... 7): ·
. 4).. ..
Note: .The: TRO. 'shall become . void- after the
Ocular lnsp·~~t.lon · . . .expiration of t~e .20-:day perlod. :
.The Ohairman, ariy Commissioner, Labor Arbiter o.r
their dlily authorized representatives, rnay at. any It may be lifted, : qr. ·.it. -rnay" b~ upqraded to a.,· ·
time· during work hours, conduct an ocular inspecticn " permanent i_njunction.. ·: ·
. (N{..RC'FWLES,·Rule X...Sec.· 5). . · ...·· ·· . · .
Note: The ·ocular.'· inspectlon report. shall be T.h~. TRO .takes effect.upon .it~ issuance; .ifa bond is..
submitted within' 24 hours from the conduct t_hereo{ posted and nof Upon receipt of the.·parties.-(Manotoc ·
(Nl,RC RULES, ~,ule,X, ·.$ec.. 5).. v, Agcaqili,A:M, No. RTJ-9B-14q~,Apri/:12,·2000),

. ·1r:iju!'ctio.n fr~~ NL~C i_s ·~~t·t~e prope~.JJHt'l~u~~~Qutj~g: th~- effe.ctivitypt 'a 1:RO, Saturday,
against :employE!e _d1sm1_ss~.1 ·. .. ~~. ~:. It,. · _ S~rfo~J!
_1i,~}1ohd~ys;; are inc.lude? (Mcjmotoc v.
The power of the -~LRC to issue a,rpinJ~q\1vj,:~~,q~1/r, j\)1-~· RTJ~98-1.405,Aprl112, 2000).
. originates .from "any la?Or ~isp~t~tjpon ~pgl,lcat1on · '';.,".,,... <:.):;~, :· . . .. ·
by a party· thereof, which, apphc;_?1tion-4')_),,9f~pted""'' _"'".;?-rt"....~·astt~&-i~'.\...~· . ~ . .. . ·· ·
may ca.use·grave or imipara.ble-/:l~~ap{;lrt'bany pa~) ·'I.
,E?,p0,000,\. ~~ s,1::1~ ,~igher amount ·. as . may be
. or r~_nder·ineffectual -~ny di,ei}.i'or}·ifl/~vor/ot
'party,.. ··,• . '' .. • •·.. rf--:,;,-;/ ~. ,· ~ ,I '' • ,

It is an· ~SSel')tial·re.qu.ireniery \~~iti."'ere.-mu~t firstlQ.0'"~· K.l=~t:tsof Defia),i\!e"~

~e ~1e~,. 7)\cf~'i ..· • .· , . '·. ·,. . • ..· .. •
'sudfJ' ,./"' · .de.termiri'ed . ~ t1hE:. <S;o~rnissior;i ·(NLRC· RULES,

.
a. labor ..di~pute. ~e~eeh ··&he., ~-o~tend~~ p.art_l&,~1: ~)3..ordfr.or-~es§Jutio~~joinin~ the perfor.manc~ ?f
befora.the labor,arbtter (PH'f,-fdrl1~eflnt.,·¥,'iflLR.fb~l!fi11;g~~'9.~)~~?fl,f,1mRJep1at~Jy·· executory, be: ,n
G.R. No.. 12,0567, March 2~.~1?~8~\\ -~·~"'\ ..., :i,i,w ~ ..~~car ~~lw1tljtA~1>ltef':'s.ther~of (NLRC. RULES,
. . · . · . · \\ \.._% \ LJ \. ,;, .:Ji'i · ~-wil~ J.!Jj!c. 9).(f "1· · ·, · ·. ·· ,
. ·.. Temppra'ry'Restr~rn:ing Ord\f · \ .· ~~-~ ',~~ls?· jl . :,: ·: ·:.> .. : · ... · . · .: : . ·
· . ·- Requisites,·(lTlW,. . ·.· :,· \ .. ·· ~: -."-.; ~'~N,Q~~The. pJoc~dur~· and substantial requireme{lts
1. · Peti~iooer·?ha.11.alleg.e-.t~at; ~less .a~!: s~ff;rEN-:~E:~diclo/'2'1_8(e).jnust b_e_ stri~tly ·complie~ :,vilt:
be: issued w,~hout : r;iot1ce_, a\..subst~1o1li'al""f~'et'~ef~n 1~J~n.cJ1on may_ issue I!;! a· lab,or· dispute, ...

. . irrepa~.s1ble .Injury ~o pe.tilioner·~~~i;iffct~i!l"~e;- ~~19,,;..,,{!!J...M!!i)ggagawa·sa ··Concre,te Aggtf!gates, ·

ura'-'.OJdabl~ ·(Nlf?C RULES, Rule 'f<-;-~~uf: "1'!,, -f[:.Jlil~>-.l!i__";{!,J~fifC,.G.R:. No. 1050~(!,. Septe,:nber. 16, .
2.-. Testimony unt:lef oath,.·or· by .affidav,ts-"~he .¥!1'1993)/,;,~') . · · · · .. _. · · · .. .
peti~joner's witnesses, 'sufficient,' ff s.ustained;{O"'----:----·. : ',: •. .. . . .
justify the· Commissioh In- the issuance~ thereof : ' . . EXECUTION. PROCEEDINGS·.
(Affi(!avit·of MeFit) (NLRC RULE$,·.Ruie )(,' Sec. · · · · ... · · ·- .· · :· ·
· '.·6));' c111d · ;_ · · .. . . . Who· may lssii'e·w~it°:9f exe.dutio.n: (SRC·L,MV).
3, .' Filing .of an. !,!naert~king:,.'t<> . a.riswer. fqr ·th!3 . . · ·1. .§.ecretary of l,..abor; . ..
· ·. damages.arid. post'a casb bond in the ai:nol!nt.of· .i,: B~gional.Director;
· P50,000, .or .such highe~ amount. as. may: be : · · 3. ·commission;
-.~etermin.ed byJhe Cominfssion (NLRC RUL~$. . . 4. LaborArbiter;
· . .Rufe')(, ·,Sec.. 7). . : . · 5: 'Med-Arbiter; 'and : · .
. . .. . . ·e. ·. Y:0l~ntary A~itrator-·or. Panel ·of Arbitrator·.(2 ·
. :NQte:' ':The - p~rpose;• .. of.. cash ·bond· is· to AZU9ENA.,supra'at 1.47),· · • · . · · '-. , . . ..
'recompen!Se 'those ..enjqined .for' ariy. lo;,s; . ' . .. . . .
·· .expenses o.r da'mag~. caused by:ttr~ improvident Note; .Regular courts have ·~m:juri~dic~i~n·:tQ. hear
. o.r :erron~ous... ·issuance: ·of ·s·uch order,·· ·or and ·decide qu.estioris··which' ari~e ·.f~om· and are
· injunction; · includ,ing · all . · reas'onable . costs, . lripidenfa1·to'the ·enforc;ement of;declsions, order's.,or . :
. together -.yith a ·reasonable attorne'y's fEfe,. and· . ·awards .rendered · iJ"i .. labor· c,ases by. apprppriate
expi,lnse. of c!efense ag·ainst'the gfi!nting of any.· . officers and tribunals of the o·epartment of Labor and·
, injunctive relief sougl:lt·fn the·same pro~eding · . Employment. To hold· otherwise i~ ~o· sanction .
and ..s1,1bsequently· denied· by the Commission ·splitting o,f.ju~isdiction'.wti'i~h·.is obriOxiou.s.'to the.
(NLRCRULES,Rule X; Sec; 7).

· 226' I 2.0l9.SAN ~EDA LAW CENTRAUZ~D .BAR OPERATlpNS

 .... ,··

-: .
?· ·.
-,~··_.t_;
__ JU.RIS_DICTION,AND .REM·ED.iES·
· SAN 81:DA LA_W-qNTRALIZEDSAR O~ERATl(;JNS·-·MEMOR.YAlf> i1019 .
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'

}i~Jrd~rly adrnmistration of justice (A,:ido Ii. 'Cempo, become final and-sxecutory and so can no Longer be
;;; G.R.· No. 184007, Febf}lary 16, :2011). challenged, there is no question either that it must
of · ·· · · · be enforced in accordance with its terms and
~J/ Modes . . . . : . . conditions (Abbot v. NLRC, GR .. No. L-Q5173,
...1. Motu proprio; or . October 27, 1986). . ·
:, z. .' On monon, "upon a decision or order that has
:.. · become- final and executory (NLRC .RULES, · · The NLRC.has.authority to ·look into the· corre·ctn.ess
i'·,' Rule.XI, Sec. ·1 (a)). ,· .. , of the execution of the. decision and to consider
.r.· ': . . . . . . . . . . supervening event~ that may affect.Such execution
f When a motion for execution may beflled before .. (Bliss De.velopme()t. co;p. v. NLRC, G.R. No.
~-: the.. Labor Arbiter · ·. :· · · ·· . · : . . 1.1101.7, August 31, 1995). · ·
!-; · 1 . · '(-Jhen the. labor Arbiter has possession of the
J. caserecords: or ·· . · . -Effect qf Petifiori for Certio;ari ~ith CA ~r SC on
:f 2. · Upon 'subrnisslon of certified ·-true: copies of. the · E;xecution · . . · · _ .. . . . .
J. ·, "decisions or fin.al,c:>_rderfs souqht.tobe enforced . ii s.hall riot stay the executi9n of the a.ssailed ·
ii!- including notice of decision · or order · and the · decision uri!ess a restraining order is issued-by said .
~/ · ~rjtry :of· judgment,". Cb·py furnished .the adverse ·· courts (NL.RC:R~L!iS'.·Ru/e XI, Sec. 4). . . .
l party (NLRC-RULES, Rule XI, sec. 1 (b)).
f · . . . · · . . ., · Effe~t ~f.a Motion.to Lift Entry.·of Judg~ent .
~.': .Effect_of_Peifected Appeal · ..·· ·. ·,,,.('."> . The _exe~ution proceedings shall notbe suspended;
. .It stays the execution _of 'the decision of the Lalwr·: 7'fJ · and the records of the ca.se shall not be elevated to
A_r~iter.· except execution fat reinstat_~ment pe_n.1'.~~~;(;.).. ·_th_e Comtn~~sion unless ~rder~d (NLRC.RUL_ES,
~pp~~I (Nlf:?C-RUL,ES, Rule XI! Sec: 3). · . , \}"J··H·:i-•·,}· Rule XI, Sf:C: 5) .. · : . . · . . · ·.. .
· ' · · ·ri ,.c,\+·~·•t, ~- · ·
.·Wheri_: wrjt··· of. execution by" motlon :9r:,-1'bi·;·i-~:~~~.~~.~.utidp Corifere.nce .; . . ·
. il'l~e_P.ende.~t actionmay be 'i~sued". , -,<7 .YR ..
Wit~m--Z:w!;ir.~;1r.gpa~i;; from. rec~ipt of~ rnot!on for_
. w,th1r:i 5 y~~.rs from the data rt becqm,es-.~nal an""dJ-:-~ the.1):;suan?fr~ta wr_1t of execution w~1ch shall be·
executory.. After :th~. lapse: of suct.i~;::p,e.pod.· th!:¥',,.. i"\. acconip.anJ~<fj5¥ a computation of a Judgment . ·
... ju.dgment shall :become dormant1, ~~~~fri~~fAT)'._6~ ~~ · . a.wc!r-c_l; if rjec~_ss~.ry;the Com_missio.r:i or LA may ·
f enforced by. an· in'dependent,,§etion· bjf0'fe'· 'th¥ · r,i., schedul~f.a pre-e~ecutiori conference. · · .
·1.'. • Regipnat-Arbitration- Branch ot:origin?,aridwithin ~~: r.·~ · ·. .
(f : H . \. . . · .. · ,
,-· ·period of 10 years from. dat~;9t'its:.'.fl11.ai'it~ (NL..~fi..: · ;:~.J.
It shal.rr.ioF"i~~~~'~alendar days from me·i~itia'I
;--. RULES, Rufe.?(/, Sec. 2). · ..........:.:_ .1?-;,;-4..._ ~;,q. _-
.r•:~/"- schedulWiml~.sJneparties agr~ed to.an extension
. . : . ,. , ·. . .· ~\~t..It.9"'{~. · "IF· . i-.7.- -(~LRC RULES, R1,1leXI, Sec._6). · ·
'( .Note: . It i~ · settled that. once, a · d~.Ci§ion ·R,
oroer.. · pi;i; ~-;. · . · . · . .. ·
1 ' becomes final- and e,xecutory, it is reml;:lvegffr.omthe - !;:.1~~:,lf~uance; Contents and· Effe.ctivit)'. of a Writ' of
f_,'_.· ·. · pov!er or jurisd!qtion of tlie·court..Which~reii"derei;t'it10.:.::'.-.i..~;,i.~E~ecut~fiil- · · . : . ·
_further ~lter or am~n~ . it ;(Industrialt.!d_1nar:/fjrri~.nt ·.. · : lt..i_~· i~SU?d !ti
Ilia .. r:iame · pf· the :~Jpublic of. t~e
/f?lernat1orial Deyelopme(Jt Cotp. v.. NLH(;:,i':G,-8,. No. Ph!l1pprnes signed .. bY, th~ :co{llm1s~1on or· Labor .
. 10.172_3, May 11; 2000). e?.(cept: (CANS)."..,...,,-::-: . ·.. . Arbiter i?rtierihg. the Sh'e~iff to .!;txe~u!e _th·~·,d.ecision;
1-. When there--are g_[erical errors or mistakes; · . o~cjer, -or aw~r~. of pie ~prnm!ssiorr <?r·L~_l:hr Arbiter,
2. · When the Amendment or correction is meant fo and contains-:. (LAND). . · · :· .. '. · ..- · · . : ...
. . f:iarmo_pize1t with justice :aa·d t~l;l f~cts; .. ' . 1. ·AH _begal }ees. ·to be. collect~d J~om th,e losing
3: . .When the . same be-comes Necessary. to party- 9r a_ny ·.otJ:ler-person requ1recj by. ll:lw to
accom"plish. the _alms
_of justice; and. . . . obey ;lhe·_sam~.Complete;· . ,: :".. ·. . . .
4. Wher:i fhera· are §upe{"Veriing events .justifying 2. lN~ 8mdJ.JF1it,'if a11y; .to 1:;>e dElrJ'.landed; ·. .
-the· ,:amei,qment .pf -c.or:rectlon (Republir; · v: .:. 3, ·N<;1me ·ot the party,- whether ni3tura1. or jutidioal,
.. Tango, G.R. No. ·1:61062, Joly 31, ~9Q9).: . against wbom the writ ·of-.exe1::utionwas i_s·s·ued;
App·~aled"
l:. : 0

rf· · :
Manner of Execution ·m~y· be
of
Finality Jlldgme'nt be.comes·i:! 'fact upon. th~ lapse
of.t~1;i reglementary peribd·ot appeal arid if no appeal
.·. . . ~- . ~~~:.Qiipositi~~ ~ortion the;~~f (NLR.c; RULES'. ~
. : Rule XI,. Sec, 7). . . ·. · .. ·. . · : · .·

1,· ·. 'is perfecte'd..·ln sueh a si(t.iati.9n; the P.re.vailing party Effect,vity:· 5 yea~s from ·aate of erit_r-y of jup~ment
f. . ·
(
is entitle~ as: a matter' of right..to a wi:iJ of ex_ecution
(Abbqt 'v. NLRC, G.R. .M;,. L-65173, Oci0ber· 27,
or issuance of·~ertificate. of fi_nqlity then~.of. In case· of
partlal'satisfaction·of Judgr'nerit during th~ lifetim_e of
t, 19~.6}.. .'. . .. . . . . the writ; the Labor.Arbiter shall mo.tu ·proprio issue
~-
,. an, u·pdated Writ· reflecting the. amount -collected -anq ·
?'... . There .is· a . big· diff~~ence it· Vo(hat is s~ught to be· the· rei:naining ·balan.ce (Nl.,RC RULES,Rule XI, Sec.
reviewed is not'the decision 'its~lf but .the manner of .. 7, as amended bi En Banc Resolution No. 11-12,
its' execution.-. While it is true .that the deci~ion has · series.of 2012)". .

2019SAN BEIJALAW.CENTRALIZEDl;3AROPERATIONS f 227.

 lURISDI.CTION A.Nb REM.EDIES
· . . SAN'BEDA.LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR-OPERATIONS../MEMORYAID 2019 · .
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Enforcemerit of Writ .,of Execution . . 4. Fqr monetary · judgm.ent on cases involving

The Sheriff, or. other. authorized officer acting as OF.Ws, the manner of exeeution shall be ·in .
. Sheriff of the Commission shall serve the writ within accordance with R.A. No. 10022 (NLRC
.. 3 ..days fromrecelpt'of the' same' (Nl..,RC RULES, RULES, Rule XI,.Sec.. 9 (d)).
Rule XI, Sec.. 8). · · ·
Break Open Order
··Manner, of Exe·cution ~f Mone.tar/Judgment Should. the losing party, his agenf or representati.ve,
t. Immediate payment.en demand' . .. refuse or .Prohibit th~ sheriff, · or ·hrs agen·t or
In case of voluntary, tender of. payment PY the authorized representative entry to the .place. where
losing 'party,Jt must bee . . . . . . . the .property subject' of execution is located or·kept,
a ... It shall be. effected.beforethe Labor Arblter . the prev~iling. party fTlay fil~· a· motion for. a break
·of Executive' Labor Arblter in the pre~t3'nce· open ord~r·· (NLRC RULES, Rule· XI, .:se.c. 1V, .as
of the· prevalllnqparty.: . . . . . . . ..... . . amended.by En Banc Re~olution No. :11-t2, Series ..
. . b.. · If prElv.ailing partyis absent, tender' is made · '?' 2012):' . .
··by' deposiflnqthe samewith the Cashier. of -.
the NtRC ·or authorized -deposltory bank . Execution.in Caseic:>f.Death . ..
. . and shall be reteased.onty upon brder.of-the . · Jf a party.dies after the entry the entry of.judgment or .
· Commission or Labor Arbiter who.lssuedthe . issuance. of .certiflcate of finality, .execution may
·· , .writ (tJLR(; RULES, Ru~eXI, Sec.. 9 (e)). -.,=-~ssue or. if issued, may· be enforced, · in .accordance
2. . lnthe eyent· al f?!f~re", or. refu.sal . of.'.~fe:i:I~. s1~g 1U" . - iTu.'lli~{~~les of Col.irt (NL.RC RULES,.Rule XI, Se.c:
party. to f)ay the Judgment. awar91r:me .~t,i~rrff , [titJ.f 1r )0 . . . . . . . · . . . . · .·
· shall immediately:furnish the-, loajpg;-P.1frt¥·ffei~f-r a..==--=~;! .J · · l · · _,\.,. · · .. · . · ,
.copythereof by registered ·IT;\~ll"gt\~"'cwfftier . : Exifo\uioVor ..~;1p·statement-PendingApp~~I .
. authorized bythe .co.mmfssJ<fn~~~pfcSrq~tRe~---·~-·tn~ ....c.{l~~~l@r "de'cislon includes a·i:l order ·of.
. judgment fl."'.'ard in the follo~)~G.>.rdfor: f? ·. . m). 1f . ·~~)nstat'ef;eq~ ~,.alj,~:\,the employer- disobeys. · its
tf
a. · Cash ~nd;:.
b ... -Bankdeposlts;
c, Surety bond;_
.J

·
•

1
~\;};f'
· /! · .: . ff · .
l ~..;;;,,.
1 .. ·
:V
t ·
.tr" ~ffo.. .d'~ision,~. the i~f.J5?r .~tpiter'~~all ininiedi~tel~ is~u~·
..i.~')..,. wnt of execut1cr1;1,(e)?e.![1\endrng appeal, .d1tectrng the
f ...'......-- -rilitr~·-emp·!aye~ to iniptE{.gi~t~ly..~ein~tate- ~he. dismissed ·
d .. · ·. If c~~h. or surety t:>ior(~Ninsuff'.iefe~t~e"';:i. Jt~~'-qipfoyef:eit_h~rtJ3.~!-f~llyor 'in. the. payroll,. a11i:l to
.· ~herrff .: sh~U. • exr~tt:t.13f.~ the._. · ~~:>net~~~~Y. th~· accrued j?a(a,F1~~ as a conseque.0ce·.o~sµcti
. Judgment by. ·lev,1.n~t.qr,! t!Q~rsohal,';3._.,-;--·non-rerr!l~me1rt rn :t1e amout1l s~c1fied . .in·.the
a~~
pro~ertyr if i~su~· 1
1cie.t:~he t~.. : /~~ . .~ .. ~ec1~~'J&£Raf.· 1 .;i"/"~.g,;)". ; . '4.:/Jd::!9; .RLJieXr, Sec. 12)... : ·. ·
·of. the .. losrng .pa .. 1:....~ot\exe p_~rom~ ~(!' :-1g . ·. ·.. · . · -.
:... ex:21..!tion,_.si.,sffici~nt 'a·
cover'1heJ ~~~p· ~!:!,Sl3_1e-.La.par ~rbJJE!r sh:=111'.motu ~ropio' is_sue:a.
·. award, ~hJch. ri:,ay be.·Gl{s~os!:l.ci''<-~~tors.y,a:l;!~'--.•. ·..;./oof.re~po~d!.yf'g. W(ltjtb s~t1sfy.· the .. rerl')stat~m~nt:
. at a pu~l\c·au.ctror_to the,~ghest·tJ1{!~~er.;..~fy£,~~\.~J~ti.ey. ac9,rue .~IJtil 1i)Ct~al reinstatement or
e.' If the lqsmg prop~rty !l'l:ls· n0:prope_rt1~s~r.~1~e~w.§aF!~·~-IP~/'0rder . of ·re1r-istatement (NL:f?.C
insuffi.cient arid ttie · · b,o~l~~~~-=~R~Llf~~!~)(l; Sec:· 12). ·, · · · . . . · ·. .
-refuses to comply with the'writ ot-,exlo.iftion, ·"\,/if l\: \'\ ~.::~?7' . . . .· ' . . . . . .. .
the:. sheriff .'shai1. ·proceed lo.·.1ey.y~the., !.\ .JL1R'bir.oJut1on.of 'Motfon ta· Quash . ·, . . . .·.
. personal prope_rty;and,.if·.\nsufficient,1tie~=~'motionto quash shall be resolved qy the LA wittiih
pr<?perfy of- the .b.pnding ·company,.. '.without o
1. v.iorktng .days fi'on:ifiling·· bf said ·mafion:· The m"ere·
. prejud(ce io·COJ}ternpt pr,oceedingifag~inst ·filing of a mot1~m tb quash snail oot ·stay. execution.
. tlie · .co~r,>a'ny's: . presi.Efen.t;, offlc~.rs. or· proceedings .(NLRC RUL(=s; R1,1le ~I, Sec. 13)..
. · authorized. repfeselitative.s..(NLRC R.ULES, ·
RuleX/;.Sec.9.(at·fl,s·a(l?e_nded.pyEn.Bahc ·. ·· Remedies of a'·Third Party Whose Property Has
· Resolt.itioil' No:.14-15; Series of 2015)> · · ·. . . · Be13!1Wroilf!'tully Levied .. · .·:_-·;:. . . ..
. 3, .. If the bo.nding. company. rafus.e~ to pay ·.or .. the. . .. ~ party whose property h·as been .v.,rengfully ley1ed·
batik holql~g tne .cash deposit ofili~ )c;:isirm·party · · · to enforce a dedsion.may:·~MAIS). . ·. . ·
. ··refµse·l? to re)ease the garnistwd amount despite·. . t ._ Motion for' Exclusion"or .R~lea~e of the prop~rty
. th~ 9rd~r or '.pertinent processes .issi.J~d· .~Y the ... wrongfully leviep q.n execution;·.. :. ··_. · · · ·
or
't,.abor Arbiter the·.cammi~!,iori, the president'. . ~ .. If the third p·arty claim is der.ijed, the'thircr pa:rty
or . the ·., respor:isibie.. _..pfficers . R~ · ·authori~~d . · ·. may·~p,peal the denial to the N,LRC (Yupangco
representatives of .the Sfiid bonding.company .or : Cottim.·Mills,· 'Inc. y. CA; ·G:R. No.- 126322,·
the bank who resjsted '. or daused the·: ncih- . . January 16, 2Q02}; · , . · . . •
compliance. shall be -eithen::it~d. for 'contempt; or · 3. . !ndepend~nt civil :action lo recovet ·the. title ·ehd · .
.. hel_d liable for resistanc.e .arid disobedience ..tq a possession of the·prop'erty 'l'lrongfulJy levied on
. person in :aut~ority or fhe. ag·e.nts-ofsuchperson execution (RULES.OF c·OUFJT; RULE·39', Sec •
. (NL.RCRU.LES, Rule XI, Sec.-_9 (b)). ,. . 1'6; yup1:1ngco·Cott9.n:.Mills. Inc.. v. CA, siJP,ra); .
a~· . '. .

228. I 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED l;lAR OPERATIONS

 . .

JURIS.D.ICTION· . AND REMEDIES

,SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OUEl(ATIONS ~ MEMORY AID 2019.
SI &&Mtbi&41 @SBWM&h i+waw aw -ss:i&ti@l0rifi1W'5MfAAii Wk& &

.§ervice by.the ..third party claimant on the officer ·amended py.En Banc Resolution No. 14-15, Series
making the levy and upon the j1,Jdgment creditor bt 2015).. . · . . · . -· . . .
of an affidavit Of title (RULES OF. COURT, RULE
39; -seo; 16). · Note: If. the third -p~rty claim is denied wi.th finallty,
the bond shall 'be made answerable in lieu at the
:NoJe: ThJs ls.also.known as tercerla. The above property subject of- the third party claim (NLRC,
rernedles.are cumulativeand may be resorted' to' RULES, Rule XI, Sec .. 14 (d}, as amended by' En
by a third-party clalmant independent of or Beru: ResolutionNo. 14-15, Series of 2015), ·
separately from and without need ofavaiiinq of.
. the others (Yupangco Cotton Mills, lnc., v. CA, RTC Injunction ag,ainst NLRC
G.R.. No.' 126322,
. January
. ... 16,.. 2002).
. . General.R~le: No court has the power to .interfere
'by injunctjon with judgments of another court with
{ · Third Party .Claim . concurrent/ coordinate· jurisdiction (2. AZUCENA,
"'. J(a· property levied JS claimed by any" other person· supra f)f 1.49). · · · · · ·
{: other than the· losing party; such personmay file a
f third party ·claim: not ·later jhan 5 ·days from the last E~ceptio~;Whe; a· t~ird.~p~rty ¢~~plaint .is, inv~lved .·
t , day at . posting· or publication of .the notice · of (Yupangco.Co.tton · Miss, Inc.,· v.. CA, 6.R. No.
J~ execution sale, otherwise the claim shall tie forever. 126322, January 16, 2002). : ·.: ,, . .
j: . parred (NLRC RULES,,Rule XI;·Sec. 14)-. .
; . ' · · ..... - · . .. .: ·. . . · : ·.. · -· . . ... _ -,.,-:'r) ·. Not?:' If the .property und~r levy. does n~t belong to
''i'.: Requisites for a .third party claim a~e: ~ABDF) ,~/''/)•i the judqrnent, debtor 1n the. NLRC case, ,t_·qoul.d not ·
·.·>·1. Ar:1.Affidavltstati1"1gtit_le.toproperty.or'righttcnh1f/~'\ be validly levied .upon by the $heriff for the~
} - . poss_e~sion thereof, with supportinq ev/den{i~~/:.: .-·;;) sat!sfact_rori'of the j~clgmenf therein'. If t~~ third party
1,: ·2 .. Posting of a cash or surety ~ond equwalen,\.tQ.. : ,.,,! ~cl~1J!l81'1~ d9~s not.involve nor grows -out of a· labor ..
\t l ·
·. th~. amount ofthe claim or judgment awa!,c:j:{/ ·'·,[~·''.'7.Ldi~~µte,,a#,ei1~rafeaction for injunctive relief against ·
:i;'. 3. In ~a~e·o( re~I ~roperfy, posting offar,~_tfurklable~' J;lr suc;n·1~vy-:ma'V be maintaine~ in court '(Co Tuan v.
;, · cash ~ep.os1.t of ~20,000 to.r thl1:A!>~:¥'°1ent of'J.: NLRC,_ G.!.?ff'.)r!.17232, April 22,1~98).
-repubhcat1on_ of notice of 8l;JCt10.n:~a!~;r~md ~ )--·- l~ - /j if '\\ · · .· ·
4. P~yment'of'filing fee (NLRC _F;IJy:E~.(!Wle !(I, · I'~( She_riff':-1-;etpr\a!'l~Report ·· ' ,
· S,ec,. 14(a); as;!1,'!1fJndedbY.,,Ejtl"Banc'fje'solut1op. · · f,,1 · Th~ ""'.n». of.Jiexe~utlofl .. :s.~all. be re~urned to the
· ·. No: 14-15, · Sene~ of 201 y)..<..._.•_. · ?~~ . : ,:.-"\'. I,;~ Comm1~s1~n:;~~ ~.ft>or ·Arbiter 1mr:n~d1at_ely after the
. : . \:./ =.·!.'i «'!>;. 1 :r,;j
·.,,-::~:<:-· . .full SciJ!sragt1on'l'l'.'<1pn?judgment award:· In <;:ase of
Where to J:'ile· · · · (.'ij·
'\.. . ··t1,~·. ~. . c-S•·) . · partial ol~:~sfactionof the judgment, the sheriff
.. "T:he thfr~. party claim sh~uld· be fi.t~~~iJ~~t~'~ N~'1%j,-, . enfor~i!'Jg.t~e·writ s~all su?mi.t a report upd<,'lt.ing}he.
or LA· w~ere the. e~ee::ut10~ proceedJf1g_ 1s ·Bt}ridmg, .!"; r=-<i·Pfl1lJ11SSlO\'.J.or ,l..abor Arbiter who issued the wnt of
with proo{'of, service of copies thereof·;k;,,,t.b:e)Sheriff ...);,.1;1 • :~.xel:~tition,;.:Qn-thestatus bf the eaforcement thereof,
. · and· tlie prevailing p_arty · (NLRC .RUE.~S, Rulf!;?1;--·· -. .;..,l~:.r-iettfc:HM!tt:i:l!l_n~o .days frorp. re..ceipt of su~h~ writ a_nd
Sec. 1.4fb)).. . · .. · · (;.( .· /fv .· every,~O.days t_her~aft.er during the li_fet1me· of tt~e
~' .. · · · ·. · - · · ·. . . ''-<2:>..!. \ . . writ. unlE;?ss fully ·satisfi'3d, A copy of the' report sh:all
if:. Effect.of Filing_ and Posting of Boni:f-. ·.. -"'~ · .· 'be ..furnished the C_h.ai,rman and the E?<ecl,ltiye·Labor
-:. : ·Upon filin·g and·posting of bond,;it shall automatically' .. Arbiter (NLRC RULES, RuleX/,. Sec. 1-5)-..
;• suspend ttie .. proc~edings' with ..respect to" the. . .. . ,, .
.execution'. t>fthi;:i iiroperties sut'>ject :Of the ·third.party :Effect ~f ;5h~nff!~ .. F~j,lurE!· to. Submit. Return an~
claim. Upo_n approval of the bond, the L~bo.r Arbiter ·Report · <·' - . .. . ~ .. ,. , . ·:. . : : . '. ·
shall issue ·ar o~der releas.ing 'the· 'levied property. or Upon the Sheriff's 'failure to' comply with . .Se.ctio.n 15,
·a:· part :thereo1 -subject of 'thE! ·.·clalm. unless· ·the tie st.,ali bEdiable for the ·tonowing.: . .·
prev§Jiling party posts a· counter bond in an ·am9unt 1. Administratlve fine; . · · ·. . .
~, .... ·n·ot les's:thari ttJe value:ofthe.levied·P'.rop_erty (NlRC ·2. Suspen;ionfo~ 1!;;'_day,~ without pay:.or·
,', ·. -RULES, Rule XI, Sec. 14. (c), as ..amended by En. 3: !3~tli (NLRC RY,LES, ~ule xi; Sec.' 15) ..
)- Bene Re.sol(!tloh No::14~15). . · · ·· .. -
,, ·. · . · Effecf · . cif Revers.ill· : . Ouring .Execution
Proceeding_$ . . . . P..roceedings .. : . .
The .. propriety of .the· third party. claim· shall-- be . In case 6f tQtal or,pa,rfial reversal 0f judgment by the
resoived wlthfn· 1.0 working·day~ from ~ubmission. of· . . ·Co!,Jrt of Aj:,peal.s, the execution proce·edings.shallbe
the. claim for 'resofutkm'. Tlte' decision of the Labor . · susper:ided. 'irjsofar as ttie rever.sal is concerned:
. Arbiter is··not appealable but may be elevated to. tl")e . notwithstanding th~ pend ency... of ~-. motion for
( . Commissio'n via a v~-rified ·petition under Rule XII. '· reconsideration on such'judgment {NL.RC RULES,
~ . .Pen.ding ,resoluti.on ther'!30f, exe~uti'oa shc:l'li proceed · ·. -~u/e XI; Sec.. 17). .
:-against alJ ..other prope~es ·not. subject of the third
. · · party_ claim· (NL:.RC RUL'E=.S, Rule XI, -Sec: 14 '(di, as
J'

:• 2019 $AN'.BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPE~TIO~S· I 229

-------· - ·---
 JURISDICTION: ANO R.EMED.IES.
· SAN CJ~DA-IAWC£NTRALIZED _OAROPERATIONS -·MEM_.QllYAID-2019

Note: If the CA de~isiori is reversed by the. SC, Grounds

exec1,1tiqh proceeding$ . shall commence upon. The petition may be entertained only if there is no·
presentation of certified true copy of the decision and_ appeal or any other plain, speedy and adequate
· entry of judgment (NLRC RULES, Rule'XI,Sec. 17). remedy in the ordinarycourse of law, and based on·
the followlnq.qrounds: (FAfQ~) . .
'Restitution ., 1, If a party by fraud, accident; mistake or ·
· If th~- executed judgment ts totally. or · partially excusable negligence has been prevented from
reversed or annulled by tlie CA. or SC- witli . finality taking an appeal;. ·
and 'r.estitution is so· ordered, the Labor Arbiter' shall', . 2. If there is prime! facie- 'evidence of Abuse of
on motion, _iss1,1e such order ·of restiMion ··of-the discretion 'on the part of.the Labor Arbiter.': ·
exect(ted-.awarci,, except_ reinstatement' wages paid ·. :3. If the orderor resolution will cause Injustice if not ·
pending appeal (NLRC RUL_ES,-Ru/e.XI; ;$ec. '18).· . rectified: . . ·
-.4. · · 'ii made . purely on .Questiqns law; or . :of
. Examination _of Losing Party .When·.Judgment 5: .. lf;,eriou~J;rrors in':the'findings of facts areraised
Unsatis.f-~d · · . " . , . . . ·~ · whi_c:;_h, if not corrected; -would cause. grave .or
When nnsatisfled in Whole .oriri part, the pr¢vailing .. irreparable damage or injury' to the petitioner .
· · · party, at any time after such return is ii;ade, shall.be. (N.LRCRULES,Rule XII; Sec. 2, ·as amended.by
entitled to an order ..frorn the Labor Arbiter wh'o .. 'El? BeneResolutionNo, 05-14~ Series.0(2014).
rendered the· said ju_d_gment;·riaqu.irir;ig. s~ch -'?si~~',...=·-~ . · . · · -, · · . . .. . . . ·; ··
party to appear and be examined concem11}9J:l1~.(f'.i~r 1r. -v ·. 1(.ffi:~~!ld Where to File · . -
property-and Incomebefore such Labob.C..'roite~ata \l ·
J jl<p.fl~fer ilt~:10 _calendar days from receipt of the
, specified time and place; ,a~d _p~9ce~~ft\li~~~;-'--.,.9.!_/Jet{?~Jf.r~~~lution of the _·Labor Arbiter:· the
thereupon be had for the,apphcatipfef tlt~~o~rty · .aggrii9~H"''P}!i:t~ay file 'with the Cornmission

i . ,i.,~,
arid 'income of the , losing g{rtr.---09~;i~.,..,.the~~"'1'f~frlrni.s~n~\8'xe°?,Y't!1~eof to the adverse party.(NLRC
satisfaction of the judgment (Nfi"fj~)·ULES, rule.Xfui "}"'· .fftJJl£S,\R'tiffft..\'>{)~(§il'~.3). . .. . ·· .
sec. 19). . ·- - ,f '', ,,,it. / _ ~ A \ '>·i'. ;;.;\ . . · -
. .. ·. Ii , ·. / Requisites,of \t'i¢-f~1ljon: (OD~-M~V-A) ·•
ul:-r'-1-.-7'ccop,p-s31iied':l'iy..,,a.,clear Qriginal or certifie.d'true

r1~
Enforcement of Attenda11c"'e;;ana Co. cfuct-o
,_Exam_ination . . : • t·H
~--, ifl._ .. : ',~~ j-'· <Z,f;:1:p_pl'of.the cicferqftes~lutionassailed, tpgether
A party or o_ther person m Y: J)e,..:C: mpellert, by·'<N\t,:'.'..:iJIniif!'"'cl with .ctear )'d.pies1, l,)f documents. relevant or
order or subpoena, to attend\ ~efdr.fhe !;'"~': ~Arbitfir~,;::; rela ~~p.ie- saicl ,;o_r~er or resolutior:i for the , •
to testify, and upon 1a;1ul" Y1o,qo~ . s~ • I.re,:i,_ !11_nde .sta~eirl'g of the 1ssue1s involved; ..
. subpoena or _to be sworn \':ir:iB:sir.bscntC,~"b\J JF::--:<,.fi;,,,.}EA~ffis t_ arb_,lrsJIQocket number and appeal
an.swer as a witness, may be r;>urnshe\-forc ~ .. ~6¢i. etmimber;1fpny; ... - · · -
/ '
.. a!;: '.in_ other .ca~~s in ·_accordanc°\_witl'lR~, IX~ , . . , .... · ~~-. tes'-!~~_ma_te,i;jalQate showing me -t\melin,ess
, .. . . . . '- ,.. , _.;:~ .. SrJEr:.'1'.ir£ o the1S"etit,on_:,1'
Exa~i_i;i~tions-~hair o?~ Pf undµly· p~~-~':·g,~b~\.-!~J !I • '. -J!}:-t!fe f~J-W offa ~emorandum which shall sta!e
· pro.ceedmgs may be :adJourne~ .fro~tim~t,,-{joo'E!}~·-.,,,?t~E\_~9-J,nj~fs . reh~d upon, the ;argumenVs m
. until t~e same pre_ c_omp),e_teg. · · U/ · · ·i\. JJ· · h.\'.SUJJP?B:~nere~f~md the; reliefs pr_ayed for; , ,
· . ·· , , , · .. · ,....._. · · 1V''l.!5:i,...-~~·feg,bly~ntt!:)n or..pnnted·copies; . · . · .
.. All ex?minations and an.swers· before tt\e .!-a6o"~~~e.rified -by- the petitioner. him_sel:f/!lerself in
.. ·,A.rbiter m.ust be ur:it1~roath, and.'when a corporation · .accordan~e witf:l.$_ection 4,·Rule 7. of.the R.ules.
or .otber juridiqa1· entity answers/it must be.on lh!'! . qf.C.ou·rt. ~s ·amended; and - · .. , ..: ·· .. ·
qath of a.n auth_orized:p~rson·oragfjnt tt)_ereof (NL,R9 · 7. ,l~-ccon:ipp_ni~d.by: (NSP) · · .
R-~LE$_,;.Rule_XI,.Sec.-'ZO). · · ·a. · Gertifica'te of Non~~orurri st:iopping_; ·. _ ·
· · ·· · '· b. Proofof§e.rvic~upon.the 9therpar!y/parties
E>CTRAORD!NARY REMEl;>IE$: and the Labor·Arb1ter .Who:issµed the,order
. ,.
'(. : or r-esdlLJtion being assaile:d or :questiorie'd;.
verJtie~Petition . .. . ._- and . '. · ,--_ _ ... _·. ·.:.: .. ·. .
.A pany aggrieved by any order qr resolutiorf 9f the · c. ·. Proof of fayment 'of the required. fees· ·
-L~bor Arbiter: inclL.iding."a writ-.of execution-and those (NLRCJ~Ul:.~S,Rule.XII.-.Sec. 4)'.· ·
issued during exeeution pr9ceedingi may- file· a.
· v:erifie·d .petition to ~nnul o"r _modify .. suth order· or ·. Eff~ct"of:Filirjg.ofPetition .· . . ..
re~olution. The' pelitio11 may be accompahied by an· · 1. The proqeedings before Ihe ·Lal;>o'rAr!)iter.itian.
· application f9r ·the: issuance of. a temporary . . 'contin~e.unless restrained .. · . . . :
. . restr:aining.. .o'rder a_nd/or v.:rit : of . preliminary or _2. In -case of executiori',.·'the· proceedin·gs in
· permanent injunction to enjoin the Labor .Arbiter', or ·acco.rdancewith' Rule XI of these Rules shall not ·
. any person acting. under his/her authority, to de~ist be suspended,bJ.jt no i:no.nefconected,.or credit .
' fr<;>rn. ,enforcing _said res9.lution · or order (NJ.RC garnished ·.may· ·be . released . or persbn·c:11 ·
. RULES, .Rule XII; Se9: 1). properties levied upon be sold by publ"ic. auc.tion

230· I 2019 SAN BEDA LA.W CE~TRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 fURlSDIC.TION .AN_D.REMEDIES.
. . •SAN BWA LA.I'/ CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATION~- M~ORY AID 2019

. v,:ithin 15. calendar days from the tiling of the Answer to the Petltlo.n .
petition .. · · . . Within 1 O calendar days from. the receipt . of the
If no temporary restraining .orcer or writ of· petition, . private respondent should file his/her
prellminary injunction is· issued-within the _said 'answertheretn stating.the grour1d/s why1he petition
period, the money collected, of credit gaJ1ll.shed 'sh9uid be denied. Fa"il_yre on the part of the. private
shall be- released and/or the properties levied . respondent, to file - his/her answer within the s.aid
upon sold by 'public auction and.the proceeds "of period may be construed as a waiver to file the same
the sale applied, to satlsfythe judgment. (NLR<? R{!Lf!=S, Rule _XII, Sec. 7),
;.A._ tncase of ..executlon proceedmqs, the. Labor . ..
_.'.'. , · Arblter__st.tall ·-. immediately inform· in ·writing· the tasuanca _o1 Writ of Prelirnlnary Injunction .
' Comrnlsston.or-the Division where the petition is Upon the filing of a verified appllcatlon forinjunctive
· pen.dingof the satisfaction bf the judgment, and, rellet.. '·, toqether witt1 supporting: affidavits and
if clrcumstances warrant, the. Commission "shall - : documents, trie commtssiori. may ,issue. a writ" of ·a.·
dismiss the petition fOF being moot. ·. . .·. preliminary i9junction based On anyot the appllcable .
The records of the case shall not be elevated to g~otinds provided for in Section 3, . Rule ,58 or ihe
the.. Commission .unless -otherwise, ordered, In · Rules· ~f Court for ,the preservauon of.the ·rigt,t~ of
whicl'I· case. the execution. proceedings, ·shall the .parties pending resolution of the petition; The
i. · ·
-.;:
continue ·~ith the'. Labo'r Ar'ti,~!;lfre_ta_in\ng copies
of documents ._relevant _c:!n·d. necessary 'for this .. ···
writ of preliminary injunction shc:!11 be effecfive for ~ ·
non-extendible' perlod of· 60 · calendar days from
~ purpose. . · . . . '. . ·. : --<) service on the private respondent (NC.RC RLJLES,
1f.
6. tntheeventt.hatasubsequentpetition.undert~_iffJ'1 · RuleX/1, Sec. 10). ·· · . · ·
'3°;: .. Rule irwolviqg. ttie.- sameJssues is· ..filed,/~~.1:{,.~J~ , .- · . . .
•Ji:-, suspensionof the release of money collect~'i:Vo_r,· :,..-;.:1:- _ Issuance of Temporary Restraining_Order
t . . .. cr.ed)_t"garnished _or, .the_' suspension of a_ucUo.~~::.~:~M.,...J!.:~,sha.n. ~pp.ear f~<?.in _fact~ s~'own by t~e verified. ·.
f ·. sale over .properties ._lev1~~ upon shall n~f'9PPo'!: ··'ff,;:.1...aRP,J\~t~~)Jli~dd~f'.f!dav1ts that g_r~at _anC, irrep~~a-~le_ .
i_ . (NLRC Rt.:/LES, Ru/e);(JI, Se_c. 9). -~~ ~"' i1 damaget-anc,f~~'-!':1)llryW<?U,ld result to the pet1llo~er.
'; . .·. , .· . ' . f'(.,. _,.'!L.-JJ · before the ~f~1tl.on can be resolved, the·Commiss1on
{ · .· Respon~~nt~ !rl'!~leaded,in the. Pl~~~!p,g, ;. J-P-r;,; · n:iay i~sue ;j tijrflpora~ restraini~g order ex-part(;}'. for
~- 1._ -.Pul?hc r,espo~dent lpbor Arb~_,C~-? . -~ a non-exJF.n~b!e,1,period of 2Q cal~ndar da~ fror11
,{. · 2._ . Priva~:-, re~ponden_t. - /.~fo.- _int!3J-ested!~ ~a wn-
service tlie :-pi:,i._11at~ respon.d_ent (NLRC RLJ_LES,
';,- . sustaining the_ order or .r.~~g(yt1on::-(;)f:;JheLabor~ ti~ Rule )(flt.Se~· 10)~ . · . · . . ·
•· . A"b't
r I er. (NLRC RULES , R f!...fJ: . f->!>e.§,-r-,-
··1•f'X1J--e<.r"' i..1 · · ~.~: · A•' · . ~~"""'
, r.,:i :...~-~.:.;,J.l~.,lt'~
1---,h·..,-,> · ... ·
. .. '',.. ' ??1\ · · Rr~· · r~~-:
-i· • .;:;~ .. ·
...~ . . ·. Boti!J?ilf:'.'.';:. ':.:.?'
Cash · .. .
i·:;' · _. · -rfote:.lt'1~ ~1e_duty ofth~ ~~~~e;~~b'lj\?entff !tJ. The·c~o.mmis~ion shall _requir~ the po~ti.ng of. _cash
app<:iar and~defend, · poth _ht!:!l.hr,~-b~}i,~lf and· . f~~9i,;\d
in the _an;iount. of in or. s.uch· h_1g~er. PSO,OOp,
{ .th~t o.fthe public respond~nt. . ,.~~_:.lj...
_Jt~";:-•1/moy,r.i~ as may be determine_d-·by the Commission, ·
i!t - · ·. · ·. · . . . · · ~-;( .. 6:;1;r~t.!!....=-t0:rr'Efi;:0~se those enjoin~d fo~ any loss, expense·
i·:, The cost aw.(lrded in.such proc'eea'ti;i~~ if1·1f"@VOr or darnc:i1;ie caused by the improvident.or erroneous'
/· of the, petition~r shalt. be. against~!gJivate'· - · issuah.ce ·of. such 9rder or i~Junction, i11c:1u.pfng all
f . . responclent only. . · ··· · · · reasona.ble costs. : · -

ftff' . . . ·. .·pleac;ling-1herein.'
The ii"l!bHc.~El!>;ci_ndentsh~il· nci~appe~; ~r file ~n .
ar'!swer . or ':comment to. the·· petiti6.h .·· or 'any
The t~mporary re~trairiihg ol"d·e~ ~r of preli~inary .
-injunction Shall become effectivf:only·upon ~sting
writ
r~- · · . 5)." , · ·_·: :·: :· ·· (NLRC'RIJLES~
· ·. . .-. . '. . .
.
Sec.
Rule-XI/,.
. . ·.. - ..
.
bf the :required .cash bo.nd (NLRC RULES, Rule XII,
sec.· 1.1;. . . . , ·

t' · Se"r.v.ice ~nd Fili~g :of Pleadings · · · : ·· . . Effect of lnjuri'~tion . . .

, ·. The _party fllirig the pleliidinijs -shall s!;!i:ve t~e :other Unle~ otherwise ·de.clared by_ ttie -Commiss_icin, shall ..
f.. parfywith copies: tt,ereof irta_ccord_an(?e.iNitfffZule ·1 ~ . . not -sus'pei:ld. th"e.. pr6ceed!ngs .. bef9re the °Labor
f. ofthe-~ul~&.of Court''fumishing 'the Labor__-Arbiter · Arbiter pr . stay the· implementation of the writ of .
t . w_it~ .a' copy (NLRC RULES." R(Jle xu;
Sec,. 6). . . execu"tion but ·shall. only ·restrain -or enjoin :such
."particular acUs as therein. <;lecreed·'tci be restrained
t· Not~: it. th~
last a~y to serve ~nd file ·a plep~i~~ f;lls or enjo.ined '(Ni..RO RULES;· Ru/~- XII, Se,p. 12). ·. ·
. . . I . . .. -: . ,
~ .. : .. on .a Saturday, Sunday .or holiday, the ·pleading l?hall
. . be. skrved' arid filed 01'1 the 1s1 working <;lay Resolution of the Petition . · ..
f.:- immediately'"tallowing 'Suet,. Saturday;_: S4nday or· If the Commission finds "that. th~ allegations. of the~
t l:ioll~ay"(NL.RC: RUL:~$. 'i~t.ile XI,; Sec. 6), ·.. . , . ·: . pe_tition are tru~, 'it:shall: (RGP)· · · · ;
l
"'..· ..
~·:
1 .. BeAder jydgmentfor th_e relief praye9·for or to
. which.th~ pe.titi?ner is enti~led:. and/or · .
r·"
,.''

l 2019 SAN'BEDA LAW.CENTRAL.JZEDBAR OPERATIONS. j 231.

;·
 JUR.IS·DICT·ION. AND· RE~1'EDIES.
. SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR "OPERATIONS.~·M.EMORYAID 20J9 .
..~ UM CM iAAlb . SHiii Fil HiiWfiM MWMtt+ F #NIM

2. Grant a.final injunction perpetually enjoining fhe ·. cases that fall withih the BLR's J_urisdictlon, -:
Labor Arbiter or any person acting under his/ ne.r The following cases. are within the 0riginal and
authorlty from the commission ot. the acUs or" exclusive authority of the ·.BLR: (110)
confirming the· preliminary injunction · r, Intra-union conflicts; ·
3. .Disrniss the petition .if it finds the same to. be: 2. intersunio.n confflcts; arid ,.
.(MDQA) . . · ·. . , · · 3. - Other related. · labor disputes,"· grievances or
a. Patently without Merit, problem's arising . from . or. affecting labor-
. . b. Prosecuted mariifestly for .Q!3lay, · . . management relatlons (LABOR CODE,- Ari.
· c. That the' Questions raised therein are too 232).. '
.unsubstantia] to.require consideration, qr
d .. ·when an .8i>peal -or' any other ptain, speedy N6te:. Disputes 6~ grievances arising .from·· the
·_. and adequate remedy in the qrd_iria!Y.~ourse . implementation· or interpretation of CBAis not.witbin
of-law i.s available {NLRC RUl,..E$, Rule XII, the :authority of 'the. BLR;. it· s.liaU be the .subject of
· Sec:·13). · · · grievance. procedure, and/or voluntary arbitration
(LABOR coos. .Att. -232). '. · . . .. · .
The.~~ount of damages·that may be. recovered by
tne private respondent from.the injunction bond.shall _BlR's functions mustbe delineat~d as against the
be ascertained and awarded in.the decision/ order/ fu.nctio11s of.the following~DOLE Offlcers:' .
resolutlon .finally,_dispo~ing· of the_ issu_e on ~he'="~,~·-Medi~tor-Arbiter;_ · .
application for injunction (NLRC RULf=S, '}J!Jf>ffeXfJ,1f ..., ?.- "'~k-~,f}ir~ct?r;and_ . · .. __ .
· Sec. 14). · · ·. · . · _ .. f?,_:~ ~ 1.U
.})\)D_'fLf%.'~~1onarDm:ctor. . ,
is
N_o. Appe~-1 from the qrd~r- ~r R~s<£i~;j~q!,;the:ae:c--"'==~-ii1iti:il~i?Jl~o~ 0

Med-Ar'biter an ~fficer in the_

LA arising from· the. Execµtioif"Rr{cJ;;J''ff"g~""g_!i=~"""""''"re!!JiQJJal~~~ff{ce qr,,,.bureau authorized to hear,·
other Incident~· . . . . · / f''"'"' '~,r/ r" · . -· ·
Jc, .~.9ncilia'fr, ati&9~1d\.represeritationcases, intra or
Except by way of a petition ,t1l,:tt111¥~f;ord~r,ce "".iW)_ . .ih'ter-uni~n . Cii_siputes~\ and. other ~elated la?Or
t.his Rule, no appeal fro~ tJj~ ~:.df
pr JsoJ.u_t!on . .. .. rel<Jti¢>nsp, disp~_tijs,f~x)?ept~ncell_at1on of .union
issued by the. Labor Arb1te,u :dlicp~ the ~eGiolt1.0~r"-reglslratfcin cas~s'(IW,1ftt'Labor Code, Dook \I, Rule
proc~edings <:>r in :~E::lation tiff ~:!Q,~p!s oth1r th~an_~,~~! t::'1~{$J§c. 11£!.s amf&ed)., ~ . .:
decision or d1spos1.~1on of -t~e Caffr on th,,.~e_r!i~LJlEit.:::~~- J ··M ~~ n. ·. . - ~
stia'JI be allowed. or acted u~oa~y-~h~.p0l{1t_n1ss19.fl~~his pr/;fefjff ~ed4~r~iter-s can be implied from
· (NLRC RULES! f:ulo.XII. Se(?, 1 fi ~,. · · ~ ~ . ~ ts~niGJ'W?Jz;JDf thfti.i3~;efr,4Code which- prm/ide~ t~r; the .
· - , · \.;, (JI) ~~'-./illfe. ~it~-@):1G.tio~S>6ftije· Bt,/}' and thE: Lab?r Relations
· -· . . . ~. \ . "' ...· "· -:~ "\\'tJJ~$,~m'$"in _t!fReg_i9f1al ?ffices of ~~IC~ the Med- .
B · · · F ~·,BO~ · '-,,/~- ,, -~7A ·1 Vis·-~t! offic~f, (MY. San 81scwts Inc. v.
URE~U .0 -J.N(: ~ '- (.Si ... '!£·-,. - 'fi_'g,ur;1.sl1Jfi{G.R. N,<X 95011, April 22, 19fJ1). •
RELATIONS _B'lLR) _:,,--~'-. ~~_t ~ ,~ ,.,.~--· jl'' . . : ·•
· · · · · -~· · · t ."::'-... · · · _:.,.,J';l~!.f--{~ed(.AwJter.shave . the· power to n:iake . a ·
· ·- . . .. '. ·. ~: ..,..."1 '-1 . . \, ·
r t1.etet~lP:~Jl9fl'"o9the existence_ of Er-E;erel,at1onsh1p
TITLE TH'REE: ~UREA!.J·OF LABOR _R~~_;r(o1:1s lVlta~d>:_~er'issues.· He is als~ ~n:,p.owe~ed, to "decide.
· . . · . . ·, ; · . ·. · ~~-a--.~~tlferissue~ related to the ehg1b1hty of employees to
ARTICLE.2_32: BU"RE~l,.IOF LABOi:t .~-=1,-f':!IONS, --v.o_te.. Howev~r•. the .M~d;Arbit!3r cannot_proer. ;he re~
Exect,itive:O(der NQ. 292,:9r tfle A..dm1rn.stra~1.vE::Code __ . . negotiation of a ·CBA; t)is .authority.being ·confined to
of tne(Philippines; Title Vll, Chapter IV, Secho~ 16 . the determination of.the exclus.ive bargajning·agent
proyic,les for _ttte f1,1hctio~s. of th_e ~LR.· . · ih th.e bargaining uriit (H90."F~es6ur~esCorporat(ori v.
F.·I.met
· ·. ·. 1 ons
'· ·.an d. A_..l!thon·.t yo··f. t"h e -8·LR. . · Mei' ares, ·
G.R. No. 208986,· January 13,201"6),
· . · .. . . .. . .. , .
. ·.
The BLR shall: .. .. . . . . Powers of th~· IVled-Ai:,biter .· . . . ·.. .· .
f. Set policies, standards, ano-.wocecJures on th~ . . .. 1.' · ln)uncti-ye_·. Power . _, _The · Med~Arbiter is
retjistration. ahd" supervision of legitima_t_e· 1a~m' . . . poss"esse<;!· of t!,e. power fo iSSt,Je tempofary
union· activities includir:ig denial, canc~llation, re$training'.· order and the: writ ,of injuiictlon ir:i
and revocation of labor union ·permits; . . · ·: . approp"r.iatecase's (Dinio v.. L,ag_uesma, G.R: No.
2 .. Set policies·, stahdar-d_s, and°'procedur'e~ relating 1084.75,'June 9,:1997); · .
to collectlve· bargaining agreements. and:,the 2. · -Contempt Power -. The · Med~Arbiter has
examination of financ!a! rec9rds accou~ts of of contempfpo-.yer (!RR of LABOR CODE, ~ooky,
lapor ·organizations to-"determinE:J compliance , RuleXXJll,Sec.. 1;as.a.m_ended). .--
. with relevant laws; and . ·, · ·· · ·..
, ~.- PrOvide proper Odei:1~.ation-t9 . Workers on t.fleir.. "·
Note:· Factual findings of Med~Arbfters~re "accorded
. schemes arid. projects. for improvement-of the
.great respect. They are binding. if{h_ey are suppo_rted
standards of living of-workers arid .their families .
·.by · Sl,lbstan~ial evidence and there e~ists- . no
(£;.O. ~92, Title VII, Chapt~r'IV, Sec. 16).
9apricious exercise.of· judgme_nt warra,:iting reversal

232' I · 2019 SAN SEDA LAW C.El:-JTRAUZ~D.BAR OPE~TiONS

 t. JURIS.DICTION AND. REM.EDI-ES
~.:. iM!fijFU·NWt ~N.::.~ALAW CEN;:;:!..~ OPERA=- MEM(?RY ~ro 2 ::~?qiliPl'l'E"ATIY{7;.
t: ..
·{;.~by certiorari (A.O .. Gothong "Manufacturing Corp._._ ...their local chapters. affiliates
· if,-£mployees Union-.4.lU . v. Contesor, G.R. No. and member organizations
i(:113638, November 16, 1999). · ·
~;'. ~ ·. .. . (!RR of LABQR' tobE,
Book V, Rute'XtV,"Sec. 1, as
,ff 1ss.Liance of Subpoanas. a.mended);
L1tie BLR shall have the power to require. the Request for examination of
:;,f·appeara·nc~of any person orthe production of,any book·s of accounts of said
.:;,(paper, docun:i_en!;. or . m_atter ·:relevant· to a, _ labor labor organizations (LABOR
~t·dispute under its jurtsdlctlon, either at therequest of c·ooE, .Att. ·289); . · ·
,. ar:'Y mterested.party pr at its own ·initia_t!ve (/.,ABO/:: lotra~Ul"JIOn diSp\Jtes
· . CODE, Art. 235): ·. . · . . . ". involving said · labor
-~'£ .. . .
t:
"Execution of decls loris', crders,' or awards. of ...
.J··Med-Arbiters -; . ,.
orgar:iizations ·. (LABOR
·.CODE, A(f.. 232); <!rid .
-4. Contempt 'cases (!RR of
,f ·. The Med-Arbiter may, upon .his.own lnltlatlveor on · . LABOR CODE, Book V,
"tf motion .of any. -interested .. party, jssue a.. writ of · Rule xxoi, Sec ... 1. a~
i. execution OFI ajudgrne.ntwifhin 5 years from the date · .. a_mended.
·\': ..it becomes final and executory, requiring the Sheriff
':.. or a duly deputized officer to execute or enforce the . 1·. Petition for cancellatlon of
;·. same (IRR_.of LABO~ CODE,:Book V, Rule XXIV;_;,,:,;;)- ·. r.eij"istration ·of Independent
_,.. Sec. 1,as emended}. · . .·~/ .. ·,/·l unions, local chapters 'and
:~· . · · . ". . . {·_',1;;:;•.. -.:;·r -. · worker's association (/RR of
P1;1r~t1~n~ ~o _E_.O: !':Jo~ 1~6. the NC~B has ab~o~'9~~,'1',;:'";:_,;, ·.. LABOR . CODE, Book. V,-
'.f' the concillation, mediation, arid voluntary arb1tr.a!1oh_J·'(li~ . Rule · XIV, Sec. · t .. as
·, - functions·of the BLR (E.O. No. 126, Sec. 22). /57 Lr:'l~r·~·L' .
a,jiended); .. . . . .
z- · · . - . -: · - · · -, ·· · · ~<!/·.
.,..,.7. .!\.,_,)!':. 2 .. Registration
.• of CBAs
. or re- .
f
..... 1 • • • • •

E:O. No: 251 removed from \he, juri~:{fj.ci{fon of thp),~~~ h~g9tiated CBAs (!RR- of
[Z BLR all.labor-manaqernent disputes. /~Jf · . _J>·-··,J.. LABOR CODE, Boqk V,
. · .. # [,l!-~ f1
r.
f~ · · · · .· .· · .
Not~:· The parties may, by. agr.~enf,'~ettlt:P-theLc..... (;-~ .
~ · differences by subr.nittirJg. the,r(.'.c~set<Y-a v1<>luntary;'< i .~ ·
·_
3', Request for examination o.f
_Rule_ XVIII, .Sec. aend .Sec.
: . B;·qS amended); a~d.: ... ·.

f·
r, arbitrator rather than taking G!1Jr casefj'D}fie 'BJ::R
(LABOR 90DE;-Art. 215). -~ ~..:. -~·"'--?_.·...$:.
;: ~' .
v•<:J ·,
:.}~ooks of accounts of §aiC,
I-';~ .
labor·organii:atjons (LABOR ~'.""
f ·· ' · . · ··. ~,;:.~.,:;;"--....,, ;,· It. (_:;ODE, Art, 289). .
~'":'.· . . ..
!ii .Bqt v .. DOLE . · _ · : . . .
.- ' r" ).J,: . . :r_
"-.:~ ~ ·' ·ii,·l . t :;--,-:,rrr. . . .
='·
·. • - · · . · . -. .
t.t Art. 232 · cif th~ Lal?~( Code _cle~rly proti~e--=&Jth~t l~-.~.,>:',:-~:>.i~~n~!~,-Jurisdict)on
BLR :a_nd t~e. R~g~on_al D1re_ctors o~i,,ROL~,~~1;1~,_,/.~~-atR~irector
f co~curr~~t 1unsi;l1ction ov~r inter-urnq1.'~ri~111,tra-. ,-. jurisdictiorryyefthe_follow.i_ng ca~e~;. -
of, thEr.BLR Director . .
.·exerc1_ses excli.Js(VEl' appellate
. · ··

&' union disputes _(Montano v.. Vercetes!,t.$-~ "!°.·.

t All de"Cis1o_nsof t~e Med-Arbiter 1n:
i::. 1'98583, July 26, 2010). · - . · .· ,a: · lntra:unlon.d1sputes: and . · . .
;;. . · ·. ·· b. · · Other· related labor ·relations disputes; and .
~ ., . JliRISDic,:·10N:. 2., All . .d_1;i.cisions· ori~iriating .. .frorrr the ·DOLE.
~ - ··· Regional Director in the cases falling,uhder their
" 6-ri_g,nal juri,sdicJion ·~s:· enumerated· previci~sly
f 'lnter-uniQ~ .. cq:nfl/cts··. (a_l~o ·.·(fRR of LABOR CODE, Book V, Rule-XI, Sec..
·.l<nown 'as. repte$e(Jtatiqnl · 15~.at?·amehded) .. ·· ·
. ·.. c.erlific~tlon. . . . . election
. . : conflicts); . . . . ·. Note: . Decisic;ihs in lnter-~ni6n. disputes_:" ;re not
~.' 2. ·Intra-union conflicts; and · - appealable .to the. SLR Director .but dir.ectly to the
3. · Gther ·related labor re.la.lions -DOLE Secretary (LABOR.c'ODE, Arl. 272). . .
. · .disputes; · ,(!RR- of. LABOR
.. COPE, Book V, Rufe .t.".Sec. Inter: ~Union Dlsp·uies . . .
.. 1 (ii)).... · An Inter-union dispu(e ·or rep/esentation. dispute is
·on~ :ciccqrring. or ~arned on. between or among·
Complaints. ·and pethio.ns ·. unions. It ·refers, to any conflict hetween and among
i, involving. the registration J>r ' union members,. in~luding grievances. arising frqm
<' c~ncellatior.i of reg_istratlori .. ! any_ v.iolation·' ·-of th~ right~. ·and conditions of .
. of-.: fe.derations, . national memb~"rsllip; violatiori" of or disagreement over any·
unions, · Industry. -unions, provision of t)le union's con·stifution and by-laws, or
trade. URIOn centers .and· di~l?utes arislng·from· dliartering qr affiliatl~n oh1hion

' .
·' 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED.BAR .OPERATIONS .I 233
 I. . . .

JURIS.D·ICTION.AND REME·DI.ES---
.I , SAN ~EOA·LAw_cnmtA.LJZE.DBAR OPERATIONS- Mf;MORYA)D_2019 · .

.i
({RR of LAEJOR COD(f, Book V, Rufe {, Sec. 1 (bb), Examples ofIntra-Unlon Disputes: ..
as emended}. · . 1 · . 1. Conduct or nulllficatlon "Of election-of officers of
· unions and worker's. asscclation; .
Broadly;:lt refers to any confllct between 'and among 2. :Audit or accounts· examination of union or
legil_imate . labor ur:ii_qns . · i~volv!ng. :.repre.s.entation worker's association funds;
. questions· for purp9se~ of collective bargalnmi;1or to 3. Dereqistration of CBA;
any other conflict or dlspute t?elween.legitirtla~e labor 4.. Validity/invalidity of union. affiliation or ,
unions (/RR of LABO~ CODE, Book V,-~ule I, Sec. disaffiliation;·
1 (x), ~s emended}, ," · 5. Validity/iriv~lidity · of acceptance/ non-
. a_c
.. ceptance tor union mernbershlp:
Intra-Unton Di_spute~! . · .. 6-. 'Opposition to application for union or CBA
An intre-umon dispu/,e or intern.a{ union: dispute reqistration; · ·
-refers to· a conflict wit~in and inside 'a labor union. It 7-. · Violations of· or, disagreements·· over . .any
is any conflict Qetweeljl and among unioh. members, . .. provision of the constitution arid .by-laws of a
in,cludir.ig grievances al-lsing from ah_y°violatron_of the union_ or worker's assoclatton; .

.: disag:ee_m~ot. over. ac:.

~igh.!~ and conditions ~f membership_. _violatio.n .~f ~r
pr;ov_i~i9n· 9f tqe_ -~n.ion s. .
co~st,t~t,o~ ~.nq ~y-~~ ::\ or .~1spl!(tes ans mg from
8. Disagreements over char.tering or registration of
labor organizations-or the· registration of CBA; ·
9. Violations of 'the rig!)ts · .end' -conditlons of_·

C(?DE,_ Bookv, Rufe 11 sec: 1 {bb), as am~n_."gjlfi}:;-__

.. , . ~
'U
charter-mg or. affjhatior1 o .union ·__IR_R _of LA_B~~•=- membership in a union or worker's association:'..
-<1~ielations of the r1ghts of:.the legitimate tabor
ll If "l.. ·<..• - . . . .
· Nrite': .Arif ~~~plai_ntJ:ir. petition witt,i)ffeg~ti~~of · .\ I ,vorpa1i.z-a:tt_?n~
•. ~xce~t int?.rp_retaji~n of CB.A:s;
mish_an_dlirig., misapprqr,irj~tion:or: l'.lJ}A-aa~oq;;t1ng,,Qf":"=-..~~\,{~h~~Yf,.,._m~~I ia1ty O! the 'fl!iJhls <:>f 1!11 reachm~nt/
!un~s in_ viola.ti<?n·ofArticle 250 shf,)11~~tre~ a_~sa_n,..._~-=~~, -~x~~rs1otfs~~gens1on or any d_1sc1phnary action
mtra~u11ion_disput~ ((RR:ofLAE}.~& cql>. ., l;J.@(!)K"V: jk
· Rule XIII, Sec, 4, as a/p"anded).'f/...J~
. . . . .-_ . ·. . · · . · 1 _, , . . If ·· )P>f. r
~·~~~yiam~\\a~~ officer ._and ~e~qer,
·w m~l~dmg-!).~~ \~nsin~ from non-compliance
'V f - _ _. . . . Ji'~ ,£0\ with \the r<f.~~opa~requ1re"!1e~t;· . . .
Two · Tesls on Detenn,~ong I tra-Cf ,:eo,ate .,; 12. Suci,l olhe~ ~,'\P)tl!,,s o, conmqts onyotvmg the
· Dispute . : ·._ · .f · · ,.. "";;;, K' : ""':'":"" - =.-=ri§nf~to self~a/1jzation,:uniqn membership,
'· 1. '.R~lation.ship Te~t d1 _dr!'f1i51.ffS. ~~ ,her~t~~
·.. relationship is: ... ! . : ... ~.. i-:\ :., . -\. ~nd1folle~ti~t-·!'>~r9ain_ing.betwe~.n and a~~flg:
~7Wb)_rrie~ters oflli=FtJ.~l~n. or.~~rkers .. assoc1abon:. -
a. .B.et~e.e~ . the -1· co'.ptrati~l'l, pa~~~sqj,p...;...'(}j,~ffef}i£"9ABf?~ COrE, Boek-V, Ru~e XI, Sec. 1,_
_ .a.ssoc,ation an,d.tlie-Q'{b~~\ : . ,i'?\-'\-· _:n ~-~ *~1
. 5.. ·Between the! ~orpol)ptibn'; ~art ~~~f}l~~-c;i~~&,{fer
·7.11;:,~J1de1;_~ JJ , .,_. - . .
1f .. '1JI . .' . ·
- ·
· · '
_ -~Pb·~~__ R~l~_Oo~s: _ ~:s~u~es'?
- · .· .. ·::~~=::no~i:~~l~kh:la, •. :p~~~ffs:~7ed
: c. Betwee_n·. the_.j corpq.ra~&'!, .. P~_'.;t~h1~lEN11-1~o~JJ.1et
..
b_etv:t~I.
a·,labor _orga~1zation an~ the
association ~11-d the · -~ta't\ ins<;1~-a~~~!9-y~r01;s1w~d1v~~ua,1, e!"'ti~. or gr~up t~at 1i, n?t
.. _"frar.i_ct,"_is~; perp:iit -or.·Hcen~~~;"Qtl.ft}ate:is=......u,<~.,..l.ab.pr~~Jl)JZat1on or '!"Orker_s _assoc!~t,on.•_Thrs
. _con~erned; an~ . .- ... · : - , -~VJ.. l\ I{ 1(A"2fpd...es:'/.. . . . . .. · . . ... ·.... _
d. . An:i'?ng ·t.he I stockholders.·,:- p~iinei's~...QJ: ..,.;;_.~~g_ar-feellat101'1 ~f. . reg1strat1on of ~rn1:ms and
. . · associates,-themselves (G11/fo· v. · '.Ancheta, · - worker's.ass9c;1at1ons; ~nd·- · ..
· . GR:·_N,o._·:115?.'pi,' August 15,··2012) ... ·. · 2. A peti_tion; .for. inte~fe,ad~r· .(/RR .. ·of· L.:ABO_R.:
2: ; Controversy Test appli~s wtier'i the. dispute is · _CODE, R'!le XI! Sec... ! (B);·~~ am~ndl')d),. . ·
. ... 'i-oo•ted ln> tll!:} .exi~ten.ce of.··an intra-corporate . . . . '' .
. ' rela'tionsl)ip, and refer.sto·the enforcernenfofthe Case;; Where the BLR h~;-_No J'or.lsdlctio'n.... : -~
. ·p~rties' correlative}l'ights rami obiig.at-lpns· under · · . Th'ose~.. arising from .the . · lmpleni~ntatiori or
.. the Corporation CqJe, aswell as t!Je lnte~nal and -!nferpretation ofCl;iAs which.shall .be ·the_ subje_9t·d ·
intr_c1·corporat~ ·r1~QU!atory_, rules ·.·of·. the ·gfievance procedure. and/ Oi'°"VOIU°ntary:qrbitra\ion '
. . . corporatipn · (C_acho_·. v. : Bafaf}tas, $.R. . ~o .. · · (/RR 9f _lABQR C<;)DE, Rulti :x6( Sec. 4,: a~·.-
. .. 2029,74,:F~bruary r,.-?_018).. , ·: ·.
. . . r ··..
. , _-. .. ·
.
an:if!ndei:J.).. . -'.· · . . . .
··.·
< _.: · · ·
· .Example.s of Inter-Union ·oispt,1tes: . ·· · ·· Wh" May File_ the,,c;;·ahi_plaint . ·. ·: . ·_-_- · .. : .· · :
1 .. ·. Validity{ . in~aJioitY] of. v9luntary recognition, ··1. Fqr inter/il')tra-u_niorf disput~s: _any.legitimate·
. certification electiqn·, consent election; run-off · · · · 1abor organi2af)on · (LLO) or. ·niemberh;° the(i;of
eiectiOI'} Or.° re-run ejeqtion·; ·. . . ·; , · .. specially_ concerned . . · . : . : .- , ,
4 .. -suc_h: _other .dispute~. or. ·co11flicts ·involving -the 2; _. .For· other related labor relations· disputes: ..
· rig_hts to self-org_~hization, u_nion fl1embership a·ny:party~in-interesl (/RR of ) ..,fi.B,Of{.:coiJE,
and collective bargaining between and .among · ·. f!Jook v, Rule XI, Se~·- ·.3, ·as amende_d).
l_egitir:nate -·labor org~niz:ations (/RR ,of LABOR
CODE, Book_'V, Rule I
XI,
•,
•!
Sec. .
·3,'• ·as
amended).
.
,.
'
. ·. I . . .
234 I -~019 SAN BEDA~W CE;NTRALIZE.DBAR OJ?ERATIONS
 JURISDICTION .AN.D REM.EDI.ES
SAN Bf.OA LAW CEN"T'RALIZEDBAR OPERAT/ONS - MEMORYAID :i.019

Xwh~re t~ File b. · Article 250 .~.lso ·expressly declares that the

·Fh. The Regional Office that issued its certificate of report may be made, alternatively, by "any
·:?'· .registration· or certitlcateot creation.of chartered member or members specially concerned";
'.f" local - if it· involves labor unions ·. with and .. . . ·. ·
Ji· mdependerit registration, · chartered locals, ·c.· lntra~uoi~n conflicts_ are n:ow un~er the
·rt,.. worker's association: its officers. o~ members. -exclu.sive jurisdiction of the BLR (Verceles,
·,r ~2. · Directly with the BLR- if it involves a Federation/ v .. BLR, G.R .. 'No, 152322, February. 15,
•.;f'·. · National Unions/ Industry Unions, its officers,.ot 2005), · .
=:~· member organizations (/RR ofLA{30R CODE,
w~---.~.i"r.,':_·..Book V, Rule XI, Sec. 4, as amended). . · 2.c Involvinq amember only, ..
.. In such case; only the .affected member may file
7}: i=9rmal:' Requirements of ¢omplaints/ Petitions . the complaint- Redress. must 'f!rst be 'sought
{)lot,lnter-/ lntra-Unlon _Disputes: (WOA) . Within the union itself in accordance. wlth its·
'.f ·1-. - ,n Wryting; :. . . constitution and by-laws ex~epf under any·qf the
\. 2·. Verified under Qath · . :""following circumstances: (FED2JA3P) .·.. , .
Y' 3. 'Contalns the, following averrnents; "(PRN-'FCR- ·- a .• futility of intra-union.remedies;
'" RC) · · · · b. .lrnproper Exj:i"ulsiofl procedure:
'a, · Name, address and other ·. personal c. Undue .Qelay · in appeal · as .to constitute
cir'ct:mistanbes of the complainanus) qr substantialinjustice: .· .
".!~etitiorier(s); · /'"'i d. The actlon.is for Qamages; ·
b. , Name,·. address · · arid ot~er . persof!~(~)( e. Lack··of Jurisdiction of ·the in"'.estigating
. circumstances· of .the· Respondent(s}'.>eri/ .\ · ·· bc:,dy;._ ..., .
'persorus) charqed; (~~,~: ''"")° f .. Action. of- the ·administrative agency is
c. . Nature of the complaint or petition; . ~f · ·· -~ •-•\ _ ;..."J'._ · · · pa~tly illegal. arbitrary, and oppressive; ·
.d. Facts and circumstances surroundinj.'t~:" ..'1{.';;.z:.._-,.gr,.-ls~i:,~lis Purely a' question of law;
1'.J
·complaint-or petition; ,,,_ _.,.,-r:5~ ii . -:n:-l.1!.'!ivt-ieJk th.e .Administrative agency had ·
-. e. .. ~aus~s of action or SP!39i_f~~~olationil_7-11 M~
alr7 prejud9ed !h_e ca~"'; and _,
.· co111m1tted; , . . .. · . 1';.;,/\_ ,, _.J!~~\ i.. lfl)Je~e'Mhe 8dmrmstrat,ye ~gency was
·· J. · A statement· that _th~.·.:-_:i;lclrt;i!rJl?-tt-at,.v~. !d. . p,r;act~cai~ygiven th~_opportunity.to act on tt)e-.
Remedies provided {?J:ffi1.the c&iistitutiop. . . i<.~\ _ . . . %asei1 buf{~t did not . · . . . , ··
. an9 by-laws haye be,en;1rp;chau~.t!,"l~; or !tJcli~ f;.,;j' . . . · 1,'f . . :· ~ . '\ . . • '. · : ·.
I . . remedi7s are·. not . ~E:,.9"r ~a~il~b;l!; t~~~
. complainants or·pet1t1oli_E;.[S tl}r:01'.lg,h}'lo tat,ill : !;;l
hi Eff?~l~T'~"!;'f.t~~r9t9'P Pend ency. gf Inter~/ ·~tra~
Umqn «OJ~Q.Y.lj?~nd Other Labor: Relatmns
· of h1s/their own; or com~i~!_'l®-1:--.,Yl\h suq'.11 ·. ~4 Disputes . · . . . . - .
. . <:1dmin_i~tra_tive_ rem~~ies do.esr/i~t ~apply :to, ,..J.. ,....J.i<-Jhe:ri~pts, relatio~ships ar:id_ obllgations -of th_e
·.complamanls or.petitioners: ''<°'pl~ · /.1. ,,.1~;.,·:.~J?JIJ;iy,:hf1gants· agatns! each qth.er ··.and ott)et.
g,····ReHef!_?. prayed for; and :::·t
· .. ~,;:....,..,·A..!1.!L~c....;pa1iiei4n4nteresf·pri61':to .t~e·i'!1Stitµti6n. of tl}e
h'.. • Qertificate of non-forum ·shopdir~~nf:!i0ther~ · . : · p~tition . shall cqntlnue "to, remain . tjurif'.l!l · the
relevant matters (/RR of LABQ_~'.JQODE, peridency:. of the· petition an.d until- the .date of ...
Book V, Rule.XI; Sec.6, as ar:nende'cif ·· ·. f)riali.ty;. ·c;f· ···the : dec;ision rendered therein._
. . . · .· .. . . Therea~er, · · . the .. · rjghts, 'reli;iiionships :and·
Special Requiremen"ts as· to. the Filing of Cas·es . o_bligations of the party-litigants ·a·gains_t each
.. 1. Involving entire membership .. : - · · other ~ftd -oth~r -pa_tties-in-inte~~st ·. shall be
a,- ·. Th'e complaint 'must be signed by at least . govenied'by the decision so·oi:dered. ·.
·~Oo/,fof t11~· entire. members_hip. of.the union· 2 .. The filing o'r per\dency ·or any inter/intra-union
. (}RR. of LABOR CODE, .Book .V, RulrrXI,. dispute. is not _a prejudicial · question. to · al_'ly
. ·.Sec:. ·3, as"ain<i;rided);·and . ·. · p¢tition 'for certification elec'tion and shall nolbe
. : ~- · It . must also . ShQW . ex.haustion of a gr~l_!nd )or .the di~mis~c;1I '.of a petitiqri for .
· · · adniinist_rative r_emedies · {!RR . of LABOR certification . election .or . · s_uspensiqn . · of .
CODE, Book v,. Rule · XI, Sec. 5, ,· as prciceeding.s. fc:ir .·certification· electiori ((RR bf.
El,:nended) . .' ~ LABOR· CODE, Bobk. V, ...Rule. XI,: sec. 3, as
. . r . . . . a.mended}, . . . . .
·i, · Note:· 30o/e-N9t"Mandatory' .
,: . Tbe SC held that" the 30%- · r.equire~'l"erit is .. not. . Ruies o~."Appeal i~ lnter-U_niori ..Disputes
ma11datory for~the following reasons·: · · ._ 1 .. In an uriorganizeci e,stabiishmerit ·. ,
· a. Article 250 .·of. the Lab.or Code uses the . The ord~r granting the· coi1"duct of ;;i certification
. . . ·.:: permissive word" ;,f!7ay," negating th~ notion·. election in an. unorganized e~tablishment is not
. that. the . ;;issent .. of· 30% .of the . union subject to appeal.· Any _issue arising . from its
members is mandatory; Conduct or from its Tf?SUlts.is a proper _Subject Of
· a protest Appeal may only be made to the ·

2019 SAN SEDA LAW .CENTRAUZED BAR OPERATIQNS I ?35 ..

 ~~:r:.::!ll!l~--llmllia111111B1mllilll:llftmlll...-.z----..-mam!!llllllllmit.B1EaC211:ll!!IIBZlmllll'lZ2111111.
. JURIS·DICT.ION-·AN D. RE.ME:Dl"ES
SAN 8£DAIAWCENTRALIZED BAR OPmAnoi'ls- MEMORY AID 20J9
iditii±A . if .. IS •eJw+HiP-4kMS6fiPW. Mli?YH.. AAf#inl .
DOL.E Secretary.in case of .denial of-the petition jurisdiction .be. elevated to be el.evated to
within ·10 .days trqrn receipt of the decision of . may be the CA qy a the ·CA by a
denial (/RR of LABOR <;ODE, Book V, Rule VIII, el$vat~d to th'.e petition for petltion for
. sec. 18). · · · ·
CA I 'by a certi9rari- (Rule certiora'ri. (Rule
petition for· '65) (CHAN, 65) (CHAN,.
· 2. ·In an organized establishment . ·certiorari (Rule REVIEW~R, REVIEWER,
. The order ·granting. the conduct of a: certification· 65). .(OHAN,· supra 703) at supra !3l 70.3)
-: election in an .orqanized establishment and the RE:VJEWER, '
decision dismlssinq or d~nying the petition may supra a't 7?3)
be· appealed tothe DOLE Secretary within- 10
days from. receipt thereof (IRR .of.
LABQR .. · .. :

CODE, Book V, Rule VIII, Sec. 18): . . . .. .

r · . , . · . · Appeals in Co~tempt Cases · .·. : - · . ·. .
,Forn:ial. Requlsjtes- for Appeal. io· .·lnfr.a-llnfe'r- . : T~e person adjudged in dlrect contempt' by the ~LR
· Union Disputes: (OMGS). ', .. . . _ _.D1~e.ctor;.niay appeal to the · DO~E: Secret~iry (/RR ot.
L ·Under.Qath; ". '. . . · ·. . . LAB/J.R CODE, Boote V, Rule XX/II, .Sec. ·1,. as·
· 2. · Conslsts _of a M,embraridtJm.of appeal; . . . amended). ' · · ··· · · ·
3. Based. on either of the follow_ing §roul?ds·; ·. . . , . . . .
a. Grave-abu.seof discr~.~o.n;.6r . ·
b. Grave violation· of the rules· and ·-
4. · With ~uppbrting an~ument~· and._evil'.le11"~~\iRR \]
. ..
!·
---;==::..:...., ~~te:: ~he·-, DO~E !3ecretary, m_ay_.legaJly 'assume
: .;;::;~-- lT. ~ · t-tsd1..c!1on over. an appeal from the decision of the
··:' P1Ef!t~1_g~al9irecfor in the event tnat 'the BLR
-ot f-ABOR C~DE,_ Book V, Rule/XJ.($~pl5~s---==-=:c.o..;;,.,.- ~'r...~?Jpr 1gh!tt,~himself from the case (Tne Heritage
_ amend~~). · · . · .. ,:::,:'.c.~~· ·,,rr~ _ .· Rote1:._~ffiP1a./J,\._NUWHRAIN-HHf:,1SC, ·G_.R. No.'
. . ·. · . tf< ·"¥.u'· .. ·..-:~:lll.296J.~~'t-Q<2f)11).. _. .. . .
Where 10 File the Appe~_I'. . ffJ::j:,, ...,.?
". ,T~e appeal shall be filed in_ ti#' re~iJ!f~l-offi~e.or
:'-1.~· Jfr.~ -i:. : ·,;, --:--,"'. ~-'4,,,~\\;,,.. '. ~- -:
~ml~l~~~ati~erf?jncJ1ons. of the .BLR and _Labor_
. · ·. ·
the BLR, where. ~he complamr e;rigin~fed. j1t\tJ:,in24_-. · .R~lationt D1vl~lf1J~t~R~s). · . . . . ...
hours from receipt of. the. m~/npl';i;11jc:lumo ··appear. .. '.°"I .. -T.heSl:.R and .tti~ L-f{D1~ the 001..,E Regional Offices
the BLR,shall:transrµit- the r~~lfr'[~:.#o the ecr~l~rA~~ ~W~-~_co,r~µrre1\tP-j?'~~ictio'nover t~e ·. following
oi Labor or the. !3ureau, as, t~e-2.rsi may·b ,~(JR~.(jj~. lli · <t:r:11nistfalll/,~fuQ'?!!,!IQS·u(R~M-RC) . . : . , . ·
LAl;30R ..CODE, Book V, ,Role..~tt· ,leCi 1,16, /a's~ · Bet)F~\1_on.1pf/abbf:lurnon_s;· . . . ·
amendctd). · . . . ._ ; · ··")' . 4' 1-T·-;: . ,----:;@; ~Jl!.'),f"of \!'~ Jttabo':"o;oos;
· .' . , . · ~ '(.)· · ~~{: .rl] PJ~.; M-:-2,int~n.anezieand,, ~ustody .of the-files· of CBAs
· Appeals in.qecisio.ns:~t BLR Jlitr~c ~\{\:~·.~~y~s!>fher;eJ.~ted_j:jgreements;·. ·. · ..: '
-Med-Arbit~rs,.and _DQI,:.~ R~gion.al\Qirect,o~~~. _,,.,.A ·.!;$~~~~~E5f-s~ttl~!fent_·~fl~bor. ~isputes; and- .. ·.
· · . · · • -. ,... • -. • • ':>'>.. , ...... ...,. &' · · ·;i;:~Q"6p1er, ?f orde/S . and Eiecis1ons .. of Voluntary
: • • · - • . , o , l.E'N"t. i:.- ~!]itfal_Q__rs(lf?BOR. CODE, Art. 237J. · . ·.
~-~:?·~~~r,~: .
. .... . (T : "':! ... (;. \,. ,.
· lVU ·l,_ ··9''
..
· · ·. ·
.
..
·. =..:..= -~NATI01'T~L CO":N¢iLIA1'ION ·. .:: . :
. .. - . . _· . ·. : .:A,'.ND,MEDlATI(:>°N. BOARD. ·.
. DOtE : BLR . Dlr.ector, Bt.R bitector . . . . . (.NC'iV.l'B:) . . . . .
Secretary (lf?R. except.'dec:is[ons f/RR of LABOR .. ·. . ..: . . .. . ..
of LABOR in . certification 'CODE; Book V·
.CODE, Book election or. iriter- .Rule XI ··Sec' .. - .' The NCj'v'IB· is. a~ 'agency, ·auachea -t~ .tl'.I~. DO~E ..
.v, /Jule..· XI, union' disputes 15) ·. : ; . · . . principally ·in charge· of . the . settlem~nt. of labor .
. Sec. 1·s) which -. are disputes tt:irough, conciliatloo;' mediation 'and .of ttie
· appealab/e ,. to. ·. proRi_otion. of _',:'olun~ary ~pproach.es to _!-aoor"dispute
the · · .. DOLEE ·: · prevention . and s~ttlement · · (Ji/Cfvf$ · · 'Manuai. · of
-~ecretary. (IRR · .Procedures. . for Conciliation and·: Prev.eritive
of . . ·LABOR · Mediauon Cases, Rule Ji/, $ectioil:1 (1{5)). ·.•
CODE, Book : V, . . . ,, ~ . . . ·.. . . . .
·RuleXI, sec: ·1s) . · · . A Coiiclllator~Mediatoi' Is.. an bffi¢er. of .the NCMB
... Decision Decision .:: Decision . ·whose principal f~ri-ction is to assist 'ii, the settlement
reri~ered . by' rendered· by BLR rendered by a_nd ·disposltiori'. of. labor-managem'ent disputes .
DOLE· ·.. Director in·. his -BLR Director in . through conciliation : and preventive ni~diation,
Secretary , in ·apP..~11.ate his . app.~llate 'in'c;luding _the.. promotron and encouragement:·ot
his appellate juris~iction . may jurisdiction may voluntary approaches t() labor disputes prevention ·
~nd · setUeme.nt ,(The Revised · NCM[:i :M_~nual _of

. .
236-1·. 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPE.RATIONS
 Ju R1so1cT10N°ANo "Ru-1ED1Es'"'~
. -SAN'BEDA LA\¥ CENTRAL/ZED BAR OPERAnONS- MEMO.RYAID 2019 . .
MIM1t Wifftif
lfiUl1iW &¥N~S4MANpt&ii&P:H#WMI 1:@+f#Zrj T.,= ..... ,..-,.,,.

" procedures . for concuietton. and Preventive · -, 2. Evaluative Mediation, where the 'Medlator
·.· tv1ediatfon Cases (2017 Edition)_. Rule Ill, No. 6). offers an· opinion which is not binc;iing on the
parties (CHAN; REVIEi.tyE=R, supt» at 742).
·. NCMB: Is. not a .q·ui;lsi-ji.Jdiciql ~_gency ~xerci~ing
:k; .quasi-judicial funcnons but· m_erely ·a conciltatory In conciliation, the Conclllator ..may offer an opinion
r ·. body__ for ttie · purpose of facilitating . .settlement of on the· issues at. hand and rnay make a. qinding
"'i; . disputes.between parties. Hence.jts decision cannot opinion-provided. the parties stipulate ir, advance to
l. be elevated to the CA via Rule43 petition. Rule 43 this etfect-(CHAN, RE;.VIEWER, supre at _742).
·,r;:_ ·o{ the Rules· of Court applies .. only. to awards,
f~···. judgments, ,fina.1 · .orders . or resoluuons of or. Correction of Wage Dlstortlon
';£\•. authorlzed. by . any . quasi-judicial agency .in the 1 .. · In crqanlzedestabllshments wi~h G~A:. ·
f'· exercise of its. quasi-judlcial func~ons ·(Tabigue v. . a. S1:1brnit' .the issue before the grievance
International Copra· Export Cotp., G_;R. No. 183335, machinery; .. . :.
December 23;.2009J: . . ···. b.. · If unresolved.reterto. voluntary arbitration
· 2.; ·In unorqanized establishments · and without
Goncili~tJort ";.Mijt:}i.ation ,. . · CBA:. · · · ·
Both cencitletion arid:_mediation refer to a .process . a. Submit the issue . before. the NCMB for
,t, . · whereby-a third. l?e'.sor-q~s4ally·<?~lfed Conclllatlor (fn · 'conciliati?n; .·. · . ·..
,l: case of conc1h~t1on) . or Mea1ator· (ln:··case .. of . b. ·lf:not. fruitful in 1 p qays, re.fer to NLRC for .
«:: · .medi?tion)- lntervenes in· a dispute involving 2· or -,,.,...,_ · arbitration (LABOR CObE, Art: 124). ·
§: ... ·mare . cohflicpng parties .. fo~ ~e purpose , 9-C:<l 1 .· . · · .. .·
~\ reconcilin,~ their difference~or persuading therii/rl<{~~-~:\ "Requirements. Qf a.Valid Quitclaim: (VAC) ,

~~-
t _a9justing'Or se~tling· their dispute (CH_AN, Revie~+,~f .'.; ,. t• ') 1. The qui~clai_m rrius_t .~e Yoll:lntarily_ arrived at by.
supra at 742). · . , ~ ·· · · \'l (···. - :' • !, ...,.. ,. the .P,artJe~; · , . · ··
}_ ·. · ... ·:. . . · .. · ,· · ... ,/--' .. .l:"' yr··;~2L~.:J!;~~~f.b:i with the ~ssistance ?f the Bur~au of
'f-
1• iH ~ • . ... , •·•:..,'.'
•1tn""-".i"#,,..,i/ 1 · . [atit:Jf'-St~pdard~, BLR.or any representative of
· A mild : :form of. A .. m1ld(;/·form 9(:-~-.J i . Jhe DOMlfiilflnd . · . .
.. inJervention.by a.~e\,itral _in!er.venti91f~Q~ n~ut~i1:_:1L,.-1J•.. 3_. The :,:%:<?h\lderat_ion n:iust · be ' ~easonable.
. th1td . . party,, the · third .,-,;:il:>aro/}.,c:,:,the. -~ ~ .. (requJfedJ!· o~ly when ent~red without the.
Conciliator-Mediator, . Co_n~iator-M~diaki'r,.. <-'·-. , ,~ assJ.i~fanciieof~OLE). .· ·
who, r~iying · on . his· wro::advi$~4.l].e-pcirtief .· r ~.'\ ~tr :•. J( . _i. ' . . . . ... ·. .
persu~s1ve . expertise, or<lp~eF-S:-~'$..Ol~~on·s~:.~.C . 1,) N~te:~:~ry!te::!w:::·~ l_ooks w,1tb disfavor. upon.
. take_s..an active ·role· in. ajte~a.tiv~-:-;,·:,.t9... <-<fntj} I.-:• qu1tcla1ms.::!_a'nd.,;.releases·by employe~s .who are
... as~isting .... p~rtie~: by ··p~ol;>l~of,,t~~1'p_artiep, i;f i!)veigle_d_ :. or· pressured int~ s)gnlng th_e!:71 l;>y ·
. trying ,. . to !,
...keep w1~. ~.m.:er,i~ m;,<J~ewpf . ;-i;,....~.9.~frup~l?.u.s.ef'!'lploy~~sseek1~.9.tp ev_ad~ their_ legal
, tj1sp_1,Jta_nts talkjng, ass1stm~ .t~)'!.li.--towa~d~.. /;Jr< ~~spo~:1:~Jitles'a .· _leg1hma~-e .w~1ver ~epre.senting a
fac11Jtatmg . o.ther volur)ta.r1if, :(. rea~~/Jf!il-.---.,.....o-vel1:1ntaF¥--settJem~11tof laborers cl~1.ms sh~uld- be .
. prqct:dural nic~ti_~s. .their_ . owti:f~ l'T'Jal~ally : . . res~cted, b_y tli_e . courts· as ·.the__ la":'. b~tween ti:ie.
carrying m_essages apceptable '~~~Jnent .. parties (Au1ero v. _PH Comrn.un(catio_n~ Satellite
_back_ ~nd;forth .bety\leeh of dispute.(The·.Re11/sf:!d: Corp;; <?·§:'.No .. 1934.84, Jam1ary 1.8! 2012). ·. __ · :
;. t.he · . parties; a·nd: NCMB · Manual · of · ·
·:gen~rally 1:iei~g. a. good Procedures · · . for, ·: Dire . necessity is · not ari. acc~ptable grouri,d. for
," fellow.who trlesJo [<eep -Conciliation ·. . . _and annl!llJrig \hi? releas_es, especi.ally in the abseriqe of.
'· ~ thirigS. c01m~ .,and 'Pteventiv.e . Mediation proof tha·t the.·eoiplOye'e~ were. forced to exect.lte
~ ·. . forward-fookJi,g. . in . c=i . Ca$e_s . (201,7 ', Ecfi_fion), . them (Veloso. v.. DOLE, G.R. No.-.8-7~97, August 5,
[, _.tens.ed ~ituatio_n · (The- Rule /JI, ·No. 22). · · 19.91).; · ·
t: .Revised· '!VCMB M.anuar · · ·-
L: . of . · Pro..ce.d~res · (or W~iver of Re.in~taten,ent·.. . .
A waiver of reinstatement, like a waiverof -money
~, · . Cpnciliatlori . .. .··. ?nd
5- · Pre.ventive. . Mediati_·on: .. clalrns.jnust be reqarded as ·a personalrightwhich
f. Cases·. (2017- Edition), .. · ··. . . . must . be exercised .personauy by : the .. workers ...
t Rule Iii, No. 4).. . · ·. · ·, themselves (Jag_ _& .Haggar .Jea_'ns & · Sportswear
!,·. . ' Corp. v: NLRC, .G.R. "No. 105710, ·February 23,
rn· . In mf)diat/qn, .the-ty,edi~t~r ri~rmaliy.facilita~es a '(
·.' 1-995). · . .
. . .
. ·.·. . .·
.
.
. . .
.
.
. deliberation or discussion of tlie issues between-the
Ttie· r.ight to· reinstatement is .to be considered
tt . parties. It is: classified. into: . · .. .
. 1. ·F.acilitative· MediafioD, where the Mediator
. .
renounced or waived only when·:,\h~ emp_lo_yee

rr
·.does not make.oroffer c!nY opinion; or unjustifiably or unreasonably, refuses .to return· to
· ..work upon being so ordered .or .after the emplqyer

,· .-; .
 JURI--S-DICTi.ON: . AND .REM'EDIES
. SAN BED/o. LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPEMTIONS - M£M.on.Y~/0·2019 . . .

(E;scari~ v.··MLRC,
. has offered to reinstate.him G.R-.·. · .Notice. of ·p~eventive mediation is a notification
160302, September21. 2010). filed. by either an employer or a duly registered labor
union with the NCMB-OOLE, informing the latter of
All
be
is;ue·s arising from 1ab~r and. employment shi;lll
subjegi to mandatory c~ncili~tion-l'(ledi~tion
. its· desire to submit the issues. between them for
preventive · mediation . arid conciliation (NCMB
(LABOR CODE, Art. 234). · · . .. . . · . . Manual for · Procedures for · Conciliation and
PreventiveMedietionCases; RULE IV, Sec. 3) .
. Note:_ This-_is ~--n.ew provision inserte~ ·py _R,A. No.
. ·10396:· . . In c~ses ~f ~on-strikeabie · issues rai~ed in a
notice of strike/. lockout, the NCMB may, motu
·.Endorsed/Referred Cases _ proprio, · convert. the same· 'into a preventive
·· The laborarbiter or the appropriate [?OL:!=,·agen.cy .or- mediation case.or, alternatlvely.jefer said issues to
. ·office that has. jurisdiction over. the dispute. shall voluntary arbitration, if: they are in .. the nature qf
entertain only endorsedor referred Cc!S~S- bythe duly . \JJJresolved_ grievan.ces, or. to t~e. Med-Arbiter, if they
t ,

_authorized officer.(LA~ORCODE, Art: 234): · involve representation or· inter-union disputes

· ·· (NCMB Manual.for Procedures.for Conciliation. and
Pre-termination of
Conciliation~Mediatji:>r, . .
Aily orboth parties.involved in thedispirtemaypre-
PreventiveMediation Cases, RULE V, Sec: 3).
·· · , · . . · · .
_ter.ni.inate the· .. conciliation-rnediatien _procee9ing_s . Authortty to <;qi;ivert a Notjce. of Strike/ Lockout
:and .re;qlJest referral" or: endorsement . tS\;,-lli~~~=;\pl~.i\,e~e~_er,tiv~ .M~diati·on ·_ca'se , . . .. , .
~ppr~p~!a!e 001.;.E a~":~cy or: ?ffice 1,_QJ.C~( has rJ
'J,.he".C<g.ntil1ator (1f ~tnkeable) or jhe Conc1hator:_ thru
jurisdiction over _the dispute, ~r 1f bo~12trti~I\.:O 'l....,. --~h*e}Difecfo~((J:·non~strikeab/e) !"J~s.t.tie authority to
agr~e, . refer the unresolved 1ssu~ -t\~l~~JY~--..,cot-iv.1frrt ·~ot~~e-\Rf strike/lockout into a preventive
arbitratlon (LABOR CODE, Art. 2i4)(1:a -~· -~.,,,.- ~-ro~gjitle~;:1.&t oriq~r a,:iy of the following instances:
: · · · ,;, ,v_;/:.-l.,w,<'·· · ff_ • 1 -Vvhen ··ltj'e,iss~~ in the notice of strike/lockout
Pri:'ileged Com_munication ·J.~~i,?e ,sed.at _u1 J.f
a·r~_qon~~trtf<&abl~{ }f
. · ·. · . · ·
- Evidence ·. . . . . J'. /! .
.. . ... -~· . :t:"' Wher the rr~Y.Nt.h. file~ t~~ notice ~t~ke or -~f b'.
Privileged coinmunicatfo{. /is-,a'r),i · statJment-of -l_0c'1i'ut voJ~~t_an!~1aj,ks for t~e c~nvers1on, or
s~ch privacy · thaf the lav,// re~jpts tti~ pe~~ ,....3~hef1JlotlJ Yl>~rt,r~s go a. la.b_or d1sp_ut~- mu!u~ll_y
receiving the. information
.. . · · rroti] ~~ n
th~~tji.Jty:to "di~closej~-~~
C,!{'~
agref t_to. ha}'r.-!Qtred., sub)NecctMedB toMpreve,ntivef
:'...·\~SUJ..U-f!,j:, me~l/3', 10~ l(rocee mg 1, . . . . f!nUa O.
Information an:d stateJl!ent\. m~~~ a~',f_f,llG~iati<':i,- :/.:-e. ~
_;.p':d<i- fes ii t<¥-;-f}prciliatiC?n- .and · Pre'!entive_
/tj£
··
p_r~ceedings sh~.11 be trfi~
. communic~!iC?n and shall not
\~s· ~-1!~~~t.@· ~t.f.."4;;,-~
t:t
1:1s·edis ev~en~~~
the Comm1ss1on (D,O. No. 40~~. Rule%)(//,:S!c1;~~.L,/ ?>d. .,
. . .
~7 ~~' · . J' ·
,~.~ . · '\~. . . . .(,~· .. \l! ~
10n <;_-ase'$·,il992),_RULE V,· Secs. 2 and

A''. th . ' · .· t· th· N t"

meJi?.~!1 . e-j,:' onyers1~:m o _ e. o ice o
i·· . . · . ·
f
I
i·
· Conc,iliators and ~imilar officials'~ay not\t~4>tltiS.iL'f£N""(SJ!Jke~k6~}:<out !.-?'.'a Pr~ven_t_ive M_ed1ation ~ase.
any court or body rega_rdjpg any m~er !aRe.ft-Jp~~:,:;;"-©le~rly\~et_ermm~ wheth.~r. tt-ie ,~sue/~ raised m
... conciliation proceedin9.s conducted _ _.By~hJ'fflO.
No. 40-03,Rule XXII,$ec. · 2).
lf r,;
-1..,
--~.. }v;U\Sn t.~
:·-~,~~rot
s~nkell_ockout 1~/~re stnkeable o.r
. ·
.. -· · . _- . .. · · · · ~"·~~f--""coni.{ersion. 0 · is warranted, .a.. writt~n: · ·
·PREVENTIVE.MEDIATION · . ·· · .- · .... recommendation from the Conciliator-Medii:lfor
Thi{-covers ;potential .fabor cases .which ·are the - . . : ·handling: the. case· j;
required, after "'close
subject of forl'Aa"for"informal .r~.quest f9r..conciliatioil .·. .. : consultation:with Regional·Branch.Director; · .
and mediation as~ist;mce· s"oughLby ~ither OF both:.. .. _· :s. the wi:ittEn) recomme.ndatiori must be" formally
parties or upon tne· initiative .of t_he- N~MB to avoid. · :. endorsed tc{·ihe: Regio~al_.Branch bi rector II for
. th0 ~G~u.rre~_Ce.})faGt~~I ~~-t><?r· di~p~te~. ·The i~ues .· _ approval; . ;· . :. ·.. , :· . .
may'eit!ier be strikeable or ·non-str:ikea_ble (NCMB 4: ·The -conversion . must . be :a.o_n~. before tl'le
Mani.Jal. of . .Pro_cedure_s. "for . ·cpnciHation· and . cooling-off periocf expires or before the.:·)..fni<m
PreventiveMeaialion Cases, RULE/II, Sec. 1(20)). · cor,aucts iis_.strjke balloti"r.ig; .. .. .
·.·, ·. · · · · . :.. · · · · · · · · ·. ·• .•.- 5. Parties concer.ned mt.ist be· formally ·notified ·of
. How·toJnitiate -Prev~ritive Mediation:· · . the ac.lipn .taken. by. the ·Regional Branch Director
1. · By.·. filing· a notice· ·9r. reque$_t·. of. preve:!ntive through a .. letter .. signed by. the. -6oncil1atcir-.
mediaticin · (NCMB · Mariual. for Procedures'foe Mediator .ha_ntlling tHe case and. approved.by the
Conciliation· and PreventWeMediation Cases-, : , Director 11; · · . ·
. -· RULE-JV." Sf?c: 1); or. . . . ·. · .. ·s .. The ootice sho~ld be dro"ppedfroni thEfdockefof
. 2.· . By conversion of
the notice of stril<-e/lockout. into . notices· of strike/lockout an·d to· be renumbered
a·preventive.me'diation ciise (NCM8 Manual-for. as' a preventfve ··mediation . ca·se and a
Procedures for Conciliation and.-·· Preventive conference· thereo'n stioulci" ·be ·.set ori specific
. Med_iqtion Cases, RULE V;. Sec. 4J.'
. I
..
date/s · (NCMB Mfmµal· of Proceedings· for

. 238 2019 SAl)J BEDA LAW CENT~LIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 ·JO.RI.SDICTiO.N A'I\ID 'REM EDI ts·
. • SAN BEDA LAW CENTR{IUZED, BAR OPERATIONS - MEM.ORV.AID2019

Conciliation and Preventive Mediation Cases . _((RR' of LABOR CODE, Book V, Rule XIV, Sec.
if (1992), Rule V, .Se_<;, .. ". . ~; . .
9. · £omplaints against private recruitment and
. .

f>i(Jot~: 'Once th~ notice of strike is converted, .it is placement agencies (PRPAs.) for loca,.
,f:~·deemed dropped from the dockets as i~ no.nouce of · ·employment (R1;1les.And Regulations_ Govetning
~·'.· strike has been · filed (NCMB. Primer on Strike, Private· Recruitment A'nd Placement Agepcy For
z{. Picketing and Locko'µt (1995)). ; .. Local Employment (1997), RU.LE VII, Sec, 36);
,st and ·

t{
.~t~· . .
D.OLE REiHONAL DmiicTo)!. · 1
. . .. . .: . . .
6. ~ases ·submitted to 'them for; voluntary
arbitration. in their capacity as. Ex-Offic;io
Voluntary ArbitJ:ators.·{EVAs)' (D.O:. No. '83-07-,
Series of Wot; ,lune 8, 2007) .

t ·Role of the D.OLE Reg.io11.al Dir~ctor:s. -- · · . · Visitoriafand·Enforce.ment Power .

{· .. The ·DOLE .. haa a. total of 16 Region.al· Offices Before.the DOLE may
exercise its. powers under
·;: . nationwide each oneot them 1:ie.;i9ed. by a.Reqlonal Article 128, two important questions must be
J:~ 'oirector,(CHAN, REVIEWER, supnraf747).. . . · '; resolved', to wit: . . ,.:. . . ..
t
~:.:
. . -, . ·. . 7
• •
The' DOLE. Regional Directora ·art:: the ... duly
· -, . 1. : Does the er-ee relatlonshlp exist?· .
Arethereviolations of the Labor Code or ofany
.f: authorized representative of· the D(?lE : Secretary .,,·:·~ labor law? . .. .
·. referred _t9 in Article.12~~ ~~ t~e Labor.Coda whjftr:_h'{ . . _ ·. .
~~ , gr~nls to · t~em .b<?lh vlsitorlal and ...~nfor~eTJlfilT'!t'.(·i~~ Does the er-ee r?lationship e~ist? .
·:· powers. They are in :charge oft.he adm1!'11~t~~tior11,i.Q1,:,,:\· .,~;. 001:.E's. preroga~1ve to determine trie_ extst~nc~- of ·
i.
f.
enforcement =. _l1;1b?r. sta~da,rds·. within :t~eJ[,, .•.,!.1,,..,.E;r.:;€_e tela1JRhShip is not coexten~1ve with the
respective temtonal .Junsdict1ons. (Rules _o~_;?lfi.~i,,f'~~~oria~; ••J.ar.id enforcement . power.. Such
,-7- Disposition of. Labor SfandarcJ.s Cas~$--fjff. tli.e'i.,,· J:t- detertnliliitio~ is merely preliminary, incidental and
l Regional Offices (1·987), Rule!, Seo. ·3Jf·'"
1r_
···,.,.~JI collateraltoj~;~oOLE'~primaryfunctio~ of~nforcing
( . • ·•. · . . ':- /! . ' · )>--'(~ labor stanc,tarljl~rovis1ons:.The .det~rm1~at10~ o~ t~e-
:,f .. N~tur:e of Pr.oc~e:<:11r')gsa~d·Qu~mtuf'l}_.otittY"c~ q.
ex.istenc~qofrLEt~E~ relat1on~h1p 1s st!''· pnmanly . :I
.;. . . Tfle procee~ings ~~f~r~ t_pe R~19_,9,€ii•omr,~.s311b;~- !-;..\ lodged -..,/ith t~e. N+,RC. This 1s :the n:ie~rnng of th.e .
':' summary and non-hbg1ous,,1,~:31atuw~:SU.?Je~t .. t~~ l~
clause ,Jn ca~es 01;\ere the relationship of Er-Ee.still
;'.. the requi_r~ments of .c;tl;le· pr9~7,s;;;~f!;,S~g1ca~fS !:~l ·
exisfs"!i'.i:-1fti~!.E:J;J,28'"(1?)of the- Labor Code. · . . ·
.::· of. l~w .and ,procedur?, and '.tt,i_~ r!Jll;.fy.,w~~e_ri::wz~:: 1!;,r · .
~~'.;.i~ •.~__;:..w:\. . . . ·. . . · .
:.-·. · admissibility ar:id sufficiency of e11TQ,(~~c;:~pf!!.~in1r:ig:/fl.. I\•. · The existenceof an Er-Ee relat1onsh1p is a statutory
:~.... th~· courts·c{law shall· not· s~rictly a'pRlft~_ef~o~;Tlll~· j,_t __ ptflrequis1te·to and· a limitation on ·th:· po~er of the
t,. Regi<;mal Office . may. hgvyeve~. avat,.·~~ 9t. all ~~~~~"·;~~~reta.ry_9fLabor,. on1:;· which the legislative ~ranch
C r~as.ona'ble·.mean~. lO' .asc~rta1~. ~e4~ct~. o~df;!~:::.::t·..::_~'."'is...~r-itiUet,JV_to· impo~·e· (People's Broadcastm_g ·v.
.... c.on~o"'.~r~y ~peethly and'. ob}~~lJV~J~· /nc,1u~rng· . Secretary 'of (he D0LE, G.R :No. 179652, Maj(_ 8,
:, . ocu!ar 1nspec~1on and ·e><am_inatior'i of. w~1l 1r,h_rm~~ · 0io()9). .. . .
" persons. $ubstantial eyidence,w.henever'l'leces~ar.y ·
shall b'e, sufficient. to support .a d~cision.·or· order' . Thus,·~ a. tompJai.n~is bro(Jght before .[)OLE to giv~
;. . (Rµ1es 0(1 the Dfsposifiofl orLabpr.f:;tandar.d ,CBSf!S effect to the labor 'standards provisions of.the Labor
Code or.other labor'legislation, and there is ·a finding
.
,.
>
in the Regional Offices; 'Rulf:! II; Se'C.' 1·2). -· ·. . . .
. .
.JURISE>ICTION.
.. . .
. .. .
. by OOtE tH"at t~ei-e Js a:n e'xisJ!rig Er-E0 ~e13tior1~h_ip,
·the DOLE exe'rcis'es·jurisdiction to the·excluslon of.
The.' DOLE. Regional Directors'·:have pi:iginal ·.and ,.·_the NLRO. . . .
exd.usive· · .jiJrisdictro.n:· ·oyer ihe · f9ll0Wing_ cases: ~·..c.. •

(LaSO.~-C~ . . ... : . :· , ... , ·· ,· . If DOLl:~··fiods that there is no E~~Ee,r~latlonship; the

1.. Labor standii1rds enforc~ment ~ses (Lfl.BOR
. : CODE,.Art. 128)';: .. ·.. . ~ . .
2. . .§.mall nion1;1y. clain_is. ca.ses arising f~om labor
·. stan~ards violatic;>n$ in all amount not ex~.ee.dirig
f'p.,000· and not ..accompanie.d,with ~· claim for
.reinstatement (LABOR OODE,'Art. 1?9)~
3-... Qccupational safety. and h.ealth . s($ndarc;1.s
vioJations.'(0.0. NO. 1831 RULE· VII, Sec. 2); . ~
of
4. . _Begistration any ie~itimate ihdepehd~nt labor
· · · union· chartered local and workers' ass~iation,
. ·.· anct ~ancellation thereof, .cas~~ filed agai11st ·
. uni91Js and other labor relatio'ns related Cc!Ses '
jurisdiction is properly.with t~e-NL~C.
·, . . · · •
If a · coin plaint- is . filed · with· DOLE, · and it · is ·
accompanied:· by a claim . for reinstaten:ien~. :the ..
jurisdiction' js properly· with the Labor Arbiter, under
Article· 224 .bf. the ..Labor. Code, which· provide·s that
:the L:abo·r Arbit.er has · original and · ex~lusive . ·
jurisdidfon over those ,cases involving wages, rates ·
. of pay, hours of work, and other terms a~d.
· conditions of.employment, if.accompanied l;>y a claim
for reinstatement. . . .
.

2ois sAN BEDA-LAW.CENTRAL1zEoBAR oP~RATIONS t 239

 I A H-FMIII> ...
-JU-·RIS_-DICTI.ON.AND·R·EMEDl"ES
SA/)/ DEDA LA',y CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS- MEMORYAID .20i9 · ..
.I 6 !IMEM -f4ttcAi88iSii\WW?idffCl9 WFAUiuiil It #1?&.HSNJ

If a complaint is filed with the Nl,.RC, and there is s_till It' ·is the DOLE Regional Directors,. as the DOLE
a·n ?Xisting Er.'.Ee·. r~lationship, the jurisdictio!'1 is Secretary'-s duly a1,1thorized. representativ~s,. ~ho
properly wiih DOLE. . · have the original jurisdiction fo exercise the.visitQrial
powers under Articles 37, 128, ano 289. The .role of·
The . findings · o(
DOLE''. however, may stil! be
questioned .'through .'a_ petition for _certiorari ime!er
the DOLE Secretary in the exE)rcise of visitorial and
enforcement powers is -appellate:in natU'rE! (CHAN,
Rufe 65 'of 'the Rules of Court _a.nd ·not throug_h a Reviewer, supra at 74?).
"review · by the NLRC (People's Broadcasting v:
Secretary'offhe DOLE, G:R:_.No. ·179652, March 6, Enforcernent Power is the pow~r of the Secretal'y
2012).' .: . . . ;·:·. .· .. · . . ·. .: of Labor to compel.employer t_o·comply with [abor-
standards upon findfrig of violations dis.c6ver~d in-
Are there violations of the 1,.ahor Code or any . of th_e course of the -exercise of the. visitorial power:
labor law? . ; . Only claims where $mployer-employee rera_Uons still
DOLE.
... Thi;i. has quasi-judicial power· at least to. the :exist can be covered ({RR·of Labor C_o9e, Book Ill,
extent. necessary to determine violations of labor" Rule X, Sec. 2Y · · ·: · ·
standards provision of... the . Code and other· labor .
.- legislation .. The.·SOLE or the Regi0nal Directors can· .. Enforcement Power includesthe powerto: {CHEW)
issue compliance orders and writsotexecutlon for .. 1·. lssue_.Qomplianc13 Orders basedon theflndinqs .
. 'the enforcement thereof (Jethro tntetttqence ~~""=""'~'"""'. of the. Labor Regulation Officers or. · 1ndu.strial
Security Corp., v. · Secretary of DOLE, fi_fi,~N9, n v f'
"''.)~at~ty ~ngin'eers (Labor Standard and' Welfare
172{537, August 14,.2009). · . ~-. ~· tJ /
\JO$Jicejt-<~[!dm_ade in.th~ course ~f inspection_;
. . . · : . . · . ;f'~) L _;;-===-=.,,._~~ Q:md,?_Sh·!!~<!lrm~s within 21
:h~urs to determine
. V1~1tonal_l;'ower 1s the pqwer of t~~soCE,,.oipanyof . w~e~J!rer: ;/>'~ . . .·
. his duly authorized ~epr.esentat~s~t~~y.e1~,~c.ess="."'~"'-~ ....cas"'~-..;4R-~er ~{ stoppage of work/ suspension.
to employer's records and.-premis"9s,a1;ln):-ftime ~f, ? :-'i ~f.o~~·{Jltje.p•stshall be lifted or not; and:
the day or nighl whenever:!'of ls"'bf;rfgrmclertake'e:-' ,~~ ])1; b. The '~njployi:t shall pay the : employees
tlierein·(/RR of Labor Code,,Book 11.f, Ru/4 X, Sec. .c~-- crencer'~et:lfthji1[ salary in case the vlolatlon-
1) ' . . :: !(.>·~~ fl · .
~;_--:--«.·r·.rr.. .:. . .·---~attribilit'ai5leJ~his fault· , . ·
' , . . ·: i":
· ff ~1.J{·. : . \ ~-~::;. ,~3'.1pssu1Writs ~-{rg~§.,c~tionfor the enforcement of
It includes· the right to cop{the!E!fKom, to ~uestl ' . ~~ orde,rs .exceP.t"'-ii:J,,foases where the employer-
a~y emploY;ee an_d_ investiga~e~h){Y'7ctz'·coa~~?.~. pr .;_; l.!~~-:...~2i~~Ji~f-~nd~rtg;s .of the sai~ lab~r officers
matter which. may· , be ·neceS[cl{~ to (J!~\e{m1Q,e\W;.. , ....:-:-, ai:;itl i~iles 'JSsu~if ',supported by documentary
violations. or which may aid~Jh4he\nto
. the Codeand of any labor la~, ~ag<:/~r(jer,:@j-?~~~~,--
'!~~1>1,t:btJa.\
~<t~J!ef§is,7v.,hiqh
~~z
(t'i9-ipec,1t6~;_
werejpo! cohslderedin thecourse
~ndJ! _· . · · . '. · · .
. and regulations (IRR_-of Labor:(;ode,:·e~~ok'L 1~~"-u/_fi?(l!de_r~or~ ~top,pa_ge~ suspe.nsion of-opera~ions ·
. ·. . · . ,
X, Sec. 1). . . _. ·.

Vi~itori;;d Power~__:ander Arti_c_les

\\
_ ,1n~t~ct,t89'=,.
:·
_- ·.,." - -~~..-r\_ ..
.· f:-..whe,o:f' [lon-cqJilp,hance with ,th~-- law or
,,,< . .-. ~~~~len'\_E;,.i;wn,~rulesan~ r~gulations poses graye
=-"~ anQ4i(C!rtli,ge'nt_dangeqo the health and s13fety of
· · · · · ·· · · · · ·ii ·· :-;. 1rj!\:;_ ~-Jle'!>W9rk%rs_~ 1.n thE=l .workplace· (/RR of _l-a_bor
l\111._ ~-;;c;.edt/,Book Ill; Rufe. X, Sec: 2-3);. ·.
-~~::...,.~ . .
·

Requisites.·for t'he Valid Exercise of Enforcement .

V1sitorial po~er. \,!jsitori~I ·. and Vis.itorial powe~ Pb"Yf!rs: (Ei::CJ .. · ·· i . . .. . . · ·,
:enf9rbe.ment .. 1. The gr-Ee r.ela~io"r1ship··still exi_sts. at the time of · ·
p_ower . . the initiation of.the action; . . . . .. .
2. · The findings of La~r Standards 'and Welfare.
Officers- or Industrial Safety ~ngineei's were
. niade in" the' course. of inspection;'regordless :6f .
In. r~latioo·· to To jriqoire· ·intq- To fiiq'uire int9 ·. whether. in_itiated by -complai,nt' . or .routine·
r~cruitmerit .and. ·employer's .· .· . ltie . financfa) .- . ir.ispectioti; and .
placement of .compliance ..aclivit1es of. . . 3. The employer· Qontests· sllch· findings and raise· .
workers' ... for with . . labor legitimate labor . . · iS$UE:lS · which -ban·not b:e res.blved · without· · ·
both local arid standard$ · . organizations · considering e"vid~ntiary. matters . th.~\ . are: riot ..
. overseas. .u_nder .· . labor (LABOR-- . · · verifiable-in .the normal course of.inspection (!RR·
~mploym!:)nt. laws· and·social ·coDE, . Art:
of LABOR CO[!E, Book II!~ Rt:1/e )(,. Sec_. 2).
(LABOR . leg"iilations . 2{J9)
CODE,Art. 37) (LABOR . Not~: The visitorial and enforcemeni power~ of the_
.. . COD.E, Art. Se_creta~y of Labor or DOLE Regional_ Director or his
128) duly ·authorized represen~.:,ltive· to order·:ar:id enforce,
compliance with _labor· _standard_ laws. ca1.1 · be

240 · l-:-2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALli:1::Q BAR OPERATIONS

 WiiMM#SSIW

JURl·SDICT.IOf\f AND REME.-D.IES -

SAN 8£DA LAW Cf.NTRALfZED BAR. OPERA'TJONS -- MEMORY AID 2019
. iP+I

·xercised even· ~here· the individual claim exceeds 5. Such Other establishments as may be
5 000 (People's Broadcasting Service v. Sec. of determined as priority by the SOLE (D.0. No.
poLE, G.R. No. 170652, March 6, 2012). 183-17, RULE V, Sec . .2).

::in order:· to <;live~t · the Region~! Director or ·his Pro¢edur~ tor Routine Inspection
: representatives of jurisdiction, the following .
.·elements must be present: · · issuance by the OOLEHD of AuJhority _to
1.· That the employer contests the findings of the. · Inspect _and Assig·nment of Establishm.ents

.:t.,.- ·labor. · regulations

. officer and raises issues-
. . -~·
:,· . · . ther~cm, . .
Presentation by the Labor Inspector of Authority
t _:·2; That in o.rder to ·resoJ\/e suet:, lssuEfs,. there is a · to Inspect anc;J Conduct of Inspection. and ·
J; ... n·eed to exam in~· evidentiary matters; and:
~r 3. That ,such matters ;are not verifiable in the
. Verification· of <;:;ompliapce.
.. !211' .
-~.
\~. · - ·.normal course of.-inspection (Jethro Intelligence . ·
& Security_ · Corp·., . v.. Sec. of Labor · and lssu·a·nce of Notice of. Results (NR)' to the
Employment,. G.A. No. 172537, Aug1,1st _14, Representa_tives of the_ ~mployer and the SEBA
~60"[}};'
.
·. · · -· : . ~,
.. · : . · .

Frame.w9rk : for .°Inspection . and .lssuance of IF COMPLIANT 'based on NR.· end of inspection.
(;ompliaru:.e Orders . . . .,.:D. -,
,,. Otherwise, ·t.tieywill. be.given a period to correct
"· To .strengthen ·the_· lrnplernentation/Exerclse _11.¢,,.,:,,,'l the violation based on theAction Plan r ·
-;, .. .Visltorial c1·n~ EnforcementPower, DOLE D.O. J'B.:3'.1,/:.'..'\ ·
formulated, subject to remediation period for
·( .17 'was issued ori _ October 23, ~·017 providing,' __,11 7 .~·.-~·-·~ qccopation·a1. Sli!fety andHealth (OSH) violat)ons
1'r,
.· . .
framework . for
. . . d
inspection and issuance v] ~L., .,d ... _.
// ' ..
·
. ,• ·;J'1>...,
,. , . ·
I ~
.e,; . ·
'.f. compliance or ers. · c . . ,.-:,/. 0,"":ri;:,J.:..::.,L,1,,)-~z;;-,..t;:, · . · .
,?- ·· - · · · . · · /..-;,.- :··!J · . Within·s ·a;ll.Y.S, the establishment 'shall -submit to
.~· Modes_ of lmplementationlE:ic:ercis~:·.'.'"?f~~isitor!~Y\:{~1 · the Regiop~.t~pffice a St~t~s Reporton the Action
,\ . and Enforcement Power: (ROC) . i /:>/{ • ,),-_.,_ .,_l fl H 1} Plan for.mufated . . ··
·~--· 1. Routine Inspection; . . ,.-"; ..... r_-~-- . )'·f · ·
'l :,;~ ig ·. · · .
t;. 2. Qccupational 'Safety an~..-l';lealt.h ~fa-1il0ar9J~ r;A· / '.' \'.. . . ~ . . .
~: ' Investigation: ;..-2::. ,i:,:,.'\ . f
!: "": 1 ,,! . Ver,fic;atif!>n or~¥ahdatio~ of-C?01pha!1Ce and
,e· 3. Complaint Inspection. _;-•'/ ~=~..0-"\ .~":'.>.- 1,,,j · . <s'.'··,-::-.-;,,-;;,Jt~;f?0lto:q-up.lnspecbon . . .
,i . -:- · . .· . "-:.) ;.~ p··<.~ · - ,;,:~:\ . f~;,1 · · ',"'-;~,d:;;;;;..,:...:v . ... · ." · . · .. ·
'._( · ·Upon !he discretion of the S?b~;;(..rai.~~pec~fil·. (,.1J . hi case.of.failure to correct violation, ·parties·$hall
;;_·. Inspection Te'.3m may , ~e cons.~1wte9 Y}O oe_ ~:);;: , 1"'7".•. be called to a mandate conference. .
ffi. composed . of a group .. of lab?f 1A.sp~~t0rs, : ?:.~...._..;,_,1:\:-.~,_1'~~~-··i'l'J.!:.),. .· .:@,- . . · .
·.,: · representatives fro!l' the Re~1ona~}-0ff1Ge,z<.·1Jite-:----·•.\.l.l.~e::-.=~»- . · .: . . . _,. _
Bureau: of .Working .. Condi:fron .. i.C~~C};f\;jthe ._Within 10._~ays upon.term.1nat1on.ofthe mandato~
Occupciticinal S;:ifety_a11d Health <;:;enter'(~~'#.§) and :·confer~~ce, th_e Labor Inspector (LI) shall supt1?1I
0

other· DOLE ag~ncies for the. coriduct .of in·spec_tion- rec_ommendatron to th~ RD. Ttierea~er,. or_ w1th!n.
on esta · bl''
.1s h..r:nen
· t s using
· · ·· · th.e f orego1ng
· · _moues . · '"' · ... (D._O . · · 20· days, the· .RD shall · issue· · a· compliance
· · order.
No. 183-17,.f-:WLE Ill, Bee. 1) .. ·,: · ·'. (D._O. No ... 183_-f1, RULEVi ..Sec. 3). ·
0foi'
. Routine fnspe·ction. . . \ . R~i:nediatio~- Period .Occup~tio.nal Sa°t'~ty and
. . )t fefers to the proces's of evaluating compliance with Health Stand'ilr.ds (OSHS) violations · ·
. labor Jaws . and 'social .leg isl at ion' j9intty · llhd~rtaken- Violaffons of .general." Jabot"· standards and/ or
by.th~ l:.abor Jnspector and'the·representatives of the contracting ah_d subcont(actf~g· ruf es are subject. to
employer an.d the··eniployees_ usin·g th·a_ pres<;ribed 10-day correction. period,- \¥hile 6SH violaticins are
Inspection · Ch~¢kli~.t This .covers all· ·priv_ate subject to the follqwihg re!'flediationperiod: · ...
establishments including ttjeir branch~s. workpla.ces 1 .. · If thEi vioJ.ati9r:i poses immin_ent danger in the life .
anci their corttracfors- and -subcontractors (D.0. N,o. . and llrrrb. ·of tt,a employees, remedic;!tjon shall be,
1[J3~~1·7, RULE V, "$ec. t). :· . made within 1 day'fr:om. receipt of NR;
2 .. .- !f Jhe vlol~ti'on per,t_ains to Persor:ial Pro_tectiv~
. Priority··. Establistimerfs afld ·. W9rkplaces ar¢ · as Equipment·. (PPE), remediation shall be made
. foliow.s_: (HEC-10_-0) . - · . · · within 3 days from receipt-of NR; . . .
1. Those engaged in .!::!azardous work; 3. If violations· pertain to instal')CE!S o'ther than ttie
2 .. Those !;mploying· ehildren; . abbve~mentioned, a . loriger period is allowed .
3. · Those engaged . · in · · g,ontr~cting · and . ·which. shall ·not exceed ~o
days, provid~d t~at
sub'contracting arrangements; . .- . tl:le employer. submit~ a
corresponding .action
4. Those e1:1ploxirig 10 or more employees; or. ·plan (D.O. Np. 183:.17, RULE V, Sec. 3(e.2)). :

.,, . 2019·5AN.BEDA LAW CENTRALl2;ED BAR OPERATIONS I 241

.. . . ·.. .
: :·:
.:::..,:~
 JURIS.DICTION AN.[)° REM·E.DI.ES
SAN BEOA I.AW CENTRALIZED ,BAR OP/iR~TIONS -M~ORY AID 2019 .
~~~·~:,tl~,
1£,\~tMH&MiW¥ ZW SIM iii R IMMfNiSSW .... N MMFE& SM i.:

Complaint Inspection 4. QSHS violations com·mitted iD" plain vi~w or in

This ·shall be undertaken irj any .of·. the followi_ng . the presence of. a Labor Inspector (0.0. No.
cases: (RAR) . 18:3-17, RU.LE VI~ .1) .. se·c:
1. When there is SEnA Beferral;
2. When there is an ~n·onymous complaint; . . Ma_ndatory· Conference . shall be ·sumn:iary in
·3. · Where there is . a _Bequest in a: coriciliation- 'nature and shall be conducted: · t

mediation proceeding. -before. the NCMB tq- 1. lri routine inspection, within 1 q· days after the
validaie or verify alreged 'vioiation of, .labor Iapse of the 10-day · correction · period for
standards (O.o.· No: 1..83-1'7, RULE VI, Sec. 1). :-- violation ..of Generat Labor "Standards .(l3L:S)
and/or.contractinq and subcontractinq rules. F.or
Procedurefor Complaint Inspection OSH; failurato' correct OSHS violation with the.
, .· remediation. period. shall cause the Issuance-or
. Upon.receipt 9f complaint or referral, or w~eri: -Cornpliance Order; · · .
· there.ls failure to submit compliance report, the 2 .. ForComplaint.andO'Sbi lnvestiqation.within 10
DOLE RD shsu-asslqn a.LI _by°reffle.to 'conduct days after the lapse of the f O-day 'correction
.. . . ins'i:i~ction ~ . . : . ·: :
period for violation of GL$.. OSHS and/or
. : · . · . ,®, .; :·.·: . · · · contracting and subcontracting. rules (0:0. Nb.
The.LI shallpresent his/her Authority to Inspect to · 183-11, RULE~. Sec. 1J:· · ·
, the establishmentarid conduct inspection and ·=·.:.... . . . . . :. . .
· verification of compliance .--::"--#,;.,,= 'U"' E~~{~ t to the Issuance of a.Cornpllance Order
· · . . ·: ,~ . · · · ., :,~. ·1i\i~ · \ · 1 iVi~hin1:f7' ~ d,;1y~ 'from. . the. ·, _-receipt of Li's
.· .,· .
. ..
~ . · g:;..,,.s.-~~ '1 1:-,""""': ·= """'"""L"~~~meir ·-,...,\'1' . 1,·-d.'~ t th RD
.,.a.r°'r:i.. . e
- .
· may issue ·.ar:i or er o
. d f
lf C_OMPL!ANT, l~suanr;:e of.Not[~e..~r~$.~~~o · dismts~f/of)~~case on any of the following
ttie ~epres~ntatNes of the_ ~~flfQ~er _wrtf.~"' ..~i:ol,li:J<:ls~(!j_(CPAf\. · · . . . ·
?EBA ~tatmg such. cornph~n~~..tltEfP,_el)d or . · ·
-inspectlon. Otherwise, ·anjN~~~ftle issued . JP) ~
'lr a . T~e Fintiinas•'df'the LI have no 'basis in fact and
](( . i · . :"(_\r Ir . \ . .
. . · . ·. stating tbe.vi lations,f. ·f '. .. ~(~;2·.: th! .. i~pl~¥~i'{ip):J\~ntedsubstantial evidence
· · . </M( ;,>· · · I .. ~-:cbnr<j,verthf1U\e.fjn\HngsoftheLI; .
· bl' h
. Esta 1s mens I v1q 1 a,r.ons ~1a,.t with · , fi • .x .... l"I llbe g"iv··,.,n
. "'· . ,1·~·: . , . . · 1 r-;3':;:t,;.The
...,. -.. ~Corre!?ti§i' . . \ior.),·
• . stitution was . made. by
· the · ,.
. days to· institute corre_eti e·, actio(l<>~
:
.
: . . . m'l\1
~' It'...
. \
- Yr.. '
..-<· ~- ;:.:.~?--:- . ' - y orde~
. ".J.>..."-!)/ . J
Ji, ..·.
, · • ~t · . \:o:1 em P, Qy~r pn 1H0;U'i~ issuance of ~e .compliance
I .. . . .: .
. . . .
.. . . . ~\,·... . .. . ' '\ ·. ~ · ~ ·.,. .. . . e,;t-,R~rt1esi>.teflt Jed .,nt<? a·. compromise
.. Within 5 days up6n.r.ec~h:lo1. ~-µ)fa~~.-·,'.\ .(~~. ';_i
~ff1ei'l~j1 in "ti).~. mode of payment and
document~. tJ:ie,LI s.hali'c?~,duct_'I_ J:i~~fi_~~~ ~ ·. ·~-~nJPli~~~~- oz· I/, .·durin~ the · mandatory
. · . ·.- . lnspei;:tioi\); ··. . . :,.. ~A ,r-...i,~G_onfere,t;1ce,.or .: . . . . .
· m ., \. . · . -~ : '-<Yf ·,~·~N'1'1~d ·hQ~Y);1lner ana~ gc;ius cir.c\jmsta.nce~ warrariting·.
- · 'W" ~ ·. -:~ -......::. ~~th.#'ais_missaf.ot- the case (D.U No. 183-17,
. In _case of failure ,to corr.ect'violatid'tl, p~H:@~'tfa~b . ~~ULEXI, ·sec.. 3). . . ·. : . . .
' .. b~ called ~o a ..m_~ndato conf~~rieer ~!. ·.: iiv" /\~"'~\;~~ . . '. . ·. . :- . .. . . . . ' .•
" . . . . · ~· . .·. . .. , .'""'.,.. 1_!~,S.toppa~eOrdei,.(WS.O) ·. . . '·:
.Within 1 Q'.days· l.lpori lem:ii1_1ation of th~ mandatory· ~-n~ S_OLE,orbis duly.aut~onz;ed fep~ese.ntat.1ve~ay
conference,.. the LI.shall submitrecommendation . . direct to stqp who)ly or partly1 the work or- operqttQn
to the. RD·. Thereafter.; or within 20 day~. th.e RD · .: . · . ·.of' any unit or:departmeht of an establishment when .
. · ~hall .issue a compli~nce.-orc;ler: . · ·· . · · rion~com'plias;icewith O~HS,poses imminent d~n.ger
. · • ,· ·. ·. , · .· . · · . ~o the. h.ealth and safety of ·the .employees ·of .the·.
(D.0. NO. 183-.17, RUt~ VI, Sec....2),. · : wci~kplace. Und~r· exceptional circuo,steinces, tlie· ··_.·
. · SOLE·may order. an:ind~stry-wide·.WSO ([).0. No: . .
Occupatio~~f .s-~fety'. and . ·Healtli· ·standards · 1?3.-fl, RULf!= VIII,' Sec.._1),._. . . .
Investigation ·· . · · · ·:, : · . · ·· · · ·
of
It refEtrs to:the. prbcess .determining 111e e~isterice ; Appeal against a Complia.nce Order:·. .
o.f irtir;n'in~nj · cianger, dangerous : occprre~9e., and . Jhe compliance o~de(may be·appealed to t~e·Qffice
. ac9iderit .. resulting· _in. disabli11g _injury .9r · otlier , ··. .of the ~OLE· by' filing :of ·a Meti.1or.and\Jn1-of Appeal,
an;::ilogbus circumstancesl ·.yvithi.n ·the · · workplace ·. furni~hing'tbe o·th~r ·party with.a copy of the same, ·
based on a report or information (0.0. No. 183-17, ,. . · ··within 10 .days from receipt thereof. A mere notice of ·
: .RULE II, Se,c.· 1 (g)). This. shall cover the fol.lowing . · . appeal shall noUoll the run.~ing of the p~riod .within
instances: (EDAO) ; ·· . . · · · . . which to appeal (O.O. No. ·183:-17; RUl;..E XIII,·Sec:
1. · _!;;xist~nce.of rmminenfdanger; · 1), ·.· . ' ' . ·.
·2. .Qar:igerous ·occurrences; · · .
3; ·~-ccldent re~ultjng ·in ·dis.~b°ling 'in~u!'Y;:or

242 2019 SAN BED-4, LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OP.ERATIONS

 = . MM -;

JURISDICTION.BARAND R·EME.DIES
. SAN·BEDA"LAI"'( CENTRAUZED OPERATIONS~ M£MOR'rAID :101.9. · . •
. .· . . .. · . ,,

/f I

·;;;_-:Grounds: (~LE) . -Note: Where no employer-employee. relationship

K 1. Prima· facje · evidence of §rave abuse of exists. between .the parties and no· Issue Is involved
f discretion on the· part of the RD; · which ma_y be resolved by reference to the Labor
~~:-.-.2. Pure questions Of !;aw; or · Code, other· labor statutes or any· collective
·?~ .3 .. .Serious grrOFs in the findirrgs -of "fact were· barnaining agreement, ·it· i"s· · the .RTC. that has
:~,· committed, wfilch, if.not corrected, would cause. [urlsdlction. The .RTC·has jurisdiction over the clai111
(\i~·; grave or irreparable injury.to the appellant (0.0. · of an independent. contractor lo . adjust the
s \: No. 183-17, RULE xtu, Sec: 2). contractor's fee (Urbenes, Jr. v,·Secretary pf DOLE, ·
f.•~ Where
. · to Fiie ., · · ·
· ...
GJr No. -122791,.F~btuary 1"9,"2003):. . . .

t '.
The appeal shou Id be filed·..with the· reqional office ·
{.-, that issued -the Compliance_ .Order. The. filing of a
Recovery of ·Wages, Simple MonEiy Claims, and
·other Benefits . . ..
l · "Memor.andtfm "of Appeal .witb,ahy other .office shall. The Regional "Director o_r. a_ny 9f-t,Js duly-authorized
'! ·, not 'toll ·the: i;unnin"g_ of. the reglementary period for -·hearing . officer". is empowered through· summary
~~. filing the sam:e··(D.0. No. 1.83~17, Rl,JLE _Sec.. _3}, xu: . proceeding. and after due notice, to hear and decide ....
cas_es · involving recovery · of wages and . other
·; -. V;sit~r'i~1 a~d rinfp~c~~~~t ~:~yJer:. (~i~ie.128.).. ·. :moneta_ry claims : and . benefits; including legal
£.._':" · · ~·.:Adjudic:fafory.Pov.,er (Article-.12.9). ·.;· · · i_nterests (LABOR COPE, Art. 129): .
~·. . . ..
t>r.:
,:
-~equisites for .RD's J_urisdictfori -,over. Simple
Mo·ney Cl.aims: (HEAR)" : ·· ·
r:;.. . :
f
b.~·
i"
.t.

l
I.
l
I

:: .
. C.ompiaints.·against Private Rec.rultn:ient and
· Placement .Agencies .{PRPAs} .. for · Local
O
Enforcerneat P9W~f is. an Sworn complaint filed b.y Employmei1.t . . .. . .. ,. . . . .
offsh~ot · 'of "visi.t9rial. interested party. ·: . . .. -Venue is the Regional/ District/ Provincial Office
Pf?~er . having jurisdictioh·over·the place·: (OAC) : .
1: Where the-PRPS/ Br.anct.Qffice"is"located; .
2 .. Where the prqhibited ~ct was.-committed;.or . · ·
3. At. Compiainc,rit's · plac.e of· residence,, at .the·
No limit" . Aggregate·claih, each ot ·· . option . of ·." .Jhe CQCTJ.plaina'nt :(RµJes and
complainant . does · not
. · ·Regulations "Governing Private RecruiFme.nt and.
.. :: exceed P.5,000
.Placement Agericy,· Jor. Local . EmP.ioyiner,t ·
(1997), Rule.Yfl;--se·c. 36):·
. .' . ~

.
,. Appe~ I to Sec. "ot .Lab-c;ir" . ·J'.'.ppeai _to" NLR_C . ..yith"i°n Ex-Officio Voluntary·Arbit~tors (EVAs) ·
within ~ o c~len_dar da~ 5 c~le_ndar' days · D.O. No. 83-07, sElries of2007,.desigriated all DOLE
.. . · Regional Directors ·and Assistant Regional Dir.ecto~s
{1 AZUCENA; supra af469-.471). as Ex-Officio Volunta~y.Arbitrato"rs.
. . '·.

20t9 Sf\N BED,ALAW CENTRA!-IZED BAR OP~RATIONS 243

 JURISDICTION AND REMEDIES
SAN !]EDA LAW'CENTRAllZED BAR O['ERATJONS: - MEMOR'(AID 2019
&Bi IMAlfKMl2eid& &&J•i#iH hiMEISFMl,5iMI INN AAlidF. 43£1 '.

As EVAs, the DOLE Regional Director and -thelr · . B. · POWER TO SUSPEND· EFFECTS OF
assistants have jurisdiction over the following: TERMINATIOf,I
1.. ,All grievances arising from the interpretation or Tt'i:e DOLE Secretary'may suspend the e(fects of ·
imp!E3rnentati.on of the CBA; · termination pending .resoiution .of the dispute in
2. All. grievances arising from the interpretatior1 or the event· of a prime tecie: finding by the
. enforcement of ·company: personnel policies appropriate offlcia! ot 1he DOLE before whom
which remain unresolved after. exhaustion of the the 'dispute is p'ending Chat: · ··
grievance. procedure; . . 1: The termination may cause a serious labor
·3.··" Cases referred to them by th~ DOLE Secretary, dispute; ahd/· or . . ; . .
. . underthe DOLE's Admtnistratlve lriter.v~ntion:for 2. · The termlnatlonIa iri lmplementatton ·of-a
. Dispute Avoidance; and. . mass lay-off (LABOR CODE, Art. 292 ('?)) .
4 .. Upon a1;1reernentoft~e P~".ies·(D.b. N(!. 8:J~07J.
_Pow.et to Suspend. Eff~cts of-Termlhation v.
. -tti~:: E~A. ~hall' ha~e the ·p~w~r. lo
~old ·h~arlngs; -. : . :·· p'ower'o~ Assump~ion· or.
~ert-ificat.ioh
'receive evidence and take the·.necessary actions to.
resolve the dispute .(D.O.No. 83-0-7). . · · ·.

· The decision or award <;>f.th.e EVA shallbe final and _.. : ·

executory after 1 Q calendar days 'from the pqrtie.§~-="""-'=
·. re~eipt ofthe copy of tl:le•decisi~n of award f!];r.:-No..'?'·
L ·,
~J'.·
.83 o7.
. • .v , - • •
.
. -
. ~.. t-" .
....... /~c~ ,:.~~.,,=,;~· . ., -· . ·
. A ~qtion for rec~nsideration ~ay 9{fi!!:3d·.ber9r.e•fr1e . •... ~R~e.ronly~~~\ues· .of Applicable to.. all . labor
decision/award lapses to finahtyfana~tra,(t;:'s!Sp;,,tl:le:=~:;"'- "terJU.!natl~rr(:: ,\·,_·of disputes provided such
r1:,1nning ofthe 10-day period. fflr!!,l)§!liW'/No~econ,~, · "it"'.:
:~r:nployb,e~t1-~~1s}ii '\n~y 'labor dispute will cause
motlo_n_ for reconslderatlcn sJ~afr_0·6¥,~llowtd' (D.@:._ .4~.
.{ause ,l,se.nQ..uf ~·lab.or or fi~.E:IY .to cause strikes
No. 83-07).
' .
f{1 ·
. f( "';?
·,f '. ..
ff · . ---~~--· ~~~
Jlf.;,0·
dispute] .. or\(~") \1in or lockouts in industries
imp e!llent~tion~. ·Of;,4 ,a Indispensable to . the
.I
A moti?n t9r reconsideration9s11a1~,pr:~solved wit"{ff.h'7·· t::::. ~SS i~b.off .. · ~ \~~.• \! nati~.nal i~ter!:3st·
, .f ·
;·
15 day~ after the adverse partY,_,.pler 1.ts coriiment_{pr;~trili?lli~
. oppo.s1t1on. . t hereto (DO ~n:,;;_,,.,4Ji,· . ~"'-
: . Nq."o;,,...,, . ·'\'-"
.. \.__·''. ·,:::::,:.---< . -
fi=l ij
. • • .
.
!
. :-, . . '· \cJ)l ·'1h~ ·}: ·~fr{. tt<·
'i
i.

·. ~~!~~~:r df Ul~ DO~E .Reg.~nal D~c~r. ~~, _ 14~ ~";~~'its

the/on.ducfof . a~·~ l"l?t. .i:e_q1,1fre prim~
final arid executory unless appe'€!1e.d to t\es~r,~~~ . ·.~ . . . '.If prehmltfary f~c1~· evidence . , · -
of ~abor and Employment . wil-l(li11 1'Q ~~s(fr.g?.n-. , • ·:711
~ie . ~~tion· . o~ l~e : . : : ·.. .. .
.re~eipt' ~hereof (f:?ules on the .D~sition,.or~aE~ .k~s~~.o~e\QJ,_,J>riJ(a
. .fac1e · .: ·
·Standard-Cases ih fhe·Regional CJ'ff{ce'l!ffi,fei'ilf-.=. )l·'~\6f ;{:).~·· · .t~e ·, ·
·Sec, 1). .· . . ·: ·. : .· · ,":""'"u
II · . .''\\.: ·f :{IJWcyfJpa!,~ffi~1~l.ofthe .
. ·:· .. · .. ·" .. · ... ·. ;~,~~~? .. ~- .::.-

-~>1.: .}?O.J;,~-.·~·~.~~ET~~y .(s~~E)'.· . .t Serious . · 1iti.br ·. disp~te · lat;ior disp~te wili catJ"se
r:nay 'or . may not· b~:. a. or flkely)o caus·e strike a
The..S6LE pos.sl:i~s~s th.~ tolloWi!lQ ·po..:..e.r~: (V2-A2~) ·stri.ke ·or lor;;kQt1t . . 0r. lockoµt.. .. · · '-
1. ~oluntary aibilratfon powers; . . . . ·.
2 .. ·yisi~orial and:enforcern~rit PQWer~;·..
. 3 .. ~ssumption of jurisdictic;m~ · Jrrespective''of nature of ·only'.. • ·. iod~stries
·.··. . 4. ~ppellate jufisdictiori; and • . - 'the :buslness . of the .(ndispensable ... to the
..{>. '.!:~ower to SU.spend effects'of i.ennir:rliifian (CHAN,·: . ·. ernp.loy.er - · . . .na!ional ihterest · ·
REVIEWE'R, supr.a ·at'l60). . · . ··: .· . ·
0POVVERS'
A.'. VISITORIAL AND' ENF,ORCEMENT
. · (Refer.·to'the discussion ·under.DOLE Regional frrim'ediilt~ Automatic· return fo work·
· birect~rJ., · · · ... · .. · reinslateme,:it . pending 'qf the .strikers or locked-
'resolution · ·- · o(· the .o.ut ~mployees
terminaiion. ca.~~

.244 2019 SAN SEDA

. LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS .
 JU.R1so:1cTION,AN"D REME.D·l·Es
SAN .BE[!A LAWCEN_TflAUZED' BAR OPERATIONS - ME!,fORY AID·w19

APPELLATEJURISDICTION 2. Those""rendered by the. !!LRC si_nce they can be

The DOLE Secretary. exerclses · appellate elevated directly to the CA by.°Rule.65 certiorari"'
jurisdiction over the foliowing cases: (SUMO- petiti9n; . . . · .
PLS) . . .
3. Those rendered by the .§.LR Director in _ti,e
1. Orders issued by· the duly authorized . exercise· o( his ·appellate 'jurisdiction since they
representative of the §.ecretary of Labor:and can be brought directly to the CA under Rule 65
. 'Employment ·in th.e exercise of-its ~isitorial . certiorari petition;
and Enforcement power (l:ABOR . CODE, 4. Those rendE;3red · by the Q.OLE · Regional
Art. 128(b)); · . Diredors under Articl"e 129 of the Labor Code
·2. Peniar·or application for Qnion reqlstration or sin·ce they are appeafabfe tci the NLRC; •' ·
cancellation · of union registration_.origin.ally 5. -Those ren9ered by gVAs uncler D.O; No. 83);
rendered · by the .BLR ~?Y .be appealed to and ···
the .Secretary_of Labor and, Ecriptoyjne'nt 6.:· Tho'S!;'! rendered byJ[oluntary·Arbitrat9rs which .
(/RR of L~BORCODE, Rule /'I(, Sec. 6); · :. ar~ appealaqle.directtY:to the CA under Rule 65 ...
.of t_he Rules of Gourt (CHAN; REVIEWER; supra: .
·· Note: lf o~iglnallY, rendered by ·ihe Regional · a_t °(72). . .
Office, acpeal should. be made to. ihe BLR (/RR . · ·
of LABOR PODE, RL!fe./V, Sec. 6); , . · D.VOLUNTARY ARBITRATION POWERS
3. Decisions of the Med-Arbiter in certltication Adminisfratlve Intervention for Dispute. Avoidance .
election cases are appealable to: the DOLE -~11~· (AIDA) is an administrative .. procedure .: for .. the.
Secret~r~ (LAB.OR CODE, Art. 27_2);. J,A·:-5-~W- · voluntary settlement of labor disputes (DOLE
· ·. . · ·. . {,-.:·,·f;iq)r•,, Circutet No. 1, 'sertes:of 2006):
Note: Decisions of Med-Arbiters. in. ifi\r~}·,;,;;hi\ . . . .
. · union disputes are .appealabre to t~e ~}-::~'J;;_:;;{;r-1:B!i!R.r~taiy f,-~. Labor may ·act. as a Voluntary
(LABOR QODE, Arj. 232) -.
· . · .
. d ,.,.\ ,:J !, ,. ..,......,A!:!?_~,11~t~';-.,cl · .
·. ..-;:<."':/ · . :,· M Af01'~,.rn1s;f.lfWfor.mof dispute ~e~lemer:,t.·bY the ··
. ., . . . .
'4. Qccupat10,:ial Safety and Her~·StanclardS(L,~j · S~cr~tary o.fr~\boris .separate from the established
viblations (LABOR oopE,.Arl>.•l,J/J.}_; · )Y'"'1.\ dispute res:61~tii.n modes of mediation, concifiation,
5. D_ecision~(?f th?_.f.O_EA ~JP.t~.liu9niBra_nch·- tit'- and _ar~it~~ti9{1 'll_nder the "Labor ~ode, ~nd _ii? _ai:1
on r~cruitrrient v1olaboJ;i?..:-.and otft'er~celatep.. ,A aJtemat1~ t_0,. ott;i,er voluntary: modes .of 'dispute
1
cases.. and· discipliJ11'('1Y~f1CtiM"-c,as~san!J~ · 1~ .. ~esolutiS,f! stf~h al the voluntary submission of a I
I·
_ other sp_ecial cases (2,0)6 P-OE!tfJ?,yres;::e.~rf- . ?_tll . qispu~~}lf.l,t"t~~Qt~r'mediation,_ to the ~<;:MB for . I

Regulalions, RULE tx,_"S..,ec. 1c6.9}{fr\ -~). · ~-,n. prevent1ve.t!11..~hat1on,. or the intervention . of a

i

·· 6. ", De'nial of the appllcanon"~lliefJs·~~ance, /.?( t;f regional.or local trip~rtite_ p[tace.council-for the sall)e
..!,ice[lse, auttrorUy to.,recruil;~slQ.dau1~.rity to f ~---1jliJ;?.4,';_f.OSe:(DOLE CirpularNo. 01, sedes of 20(!6): ·
ope~ate _br~~ch o~frce il?~~,ip_by tn_e.......,.li;;~,f.'"'~~~.::;--~,- . · · ·· , . . ,
Regr_~nal · Director ·. f9r recf~ll,~~ment.;-:;;!oo-_ -- ,:.,..;J..{~itf.ier:1-or..06oth the e~ployer a~g. the co~lecbve
. plc1cement for- local·· emp_f.oy~ieht 'ffJ'OLE= :bargainin~-: ·agent . (or th.~ repres·E:-~t-~!iv~:;ot-!he ·
.· . p,Q._ 14_1-14,-_$e,c,32);'·anq:: .. ~'!li'i~ _ ·el!)~loyees_ wher~-th~re ·~ ..no.certified_ ~ama!nmg .
. . . '. · 7. Orders involving .§.4spens1on/cancellationof ag~nt) may · voluntarily .br-mg to. tlw Office of the .
lic~nse. of recruitment· agencies for local. Secretary: of Labor, · through a . Re.tiues~: for.
'} employrri~nt-{DOLE D. o. ·1:41 ~14, Sec.62). · · . Intervention; any potential or ongoing ~isp'ute (DOLE:·
i_. , . ·. ' · . .. <;;irculat /11.o. 01, ser:ies of 2006). · · ·
·F, .Offic~s:trom which Appeals to DOLE Secretary
rg/ . n,ay ~rigin$lte; (DMDP) . · .'' '..· · · . · . .-, ·· . :Pot_ential" or eng.oing dispute .refers',io a .liye_-.ahc;l
:p 1: . QQLE- Hegiooa( _. Direct9r;:; · (R.ules .. on · the ·active dispute _t_hat inay leqd to·a strike or lcic~out or
f. ., Dispq~ition: of .Labo,r Stc1ndarr;J. Cases .;n the ffif!Ssive- l~bor unte_st an_d i.s .not .the supf€lct of any.
i; ·· R~gibnal Offices,·Rt.ile IV; Sec. 1); · ·_. · c6mplaint or ngtice C')f strike or lockout at th~ time the'
f . 2, M~d-Arbiters '(IRF;?:of LABQR C.ODE; Book \/, _reqQesf ls made· (OQLE Circ.ular.No. 01, series· of·
;· . · . Rule XI, Se6. 15); · · . . · .. . ~006).. ·. · . . . . .•
r . -3·_. . Qirectcir pf BLFl (iRR:pf LABOR GODE, Rule XI,
Bee. 15);and: ·· · · · . · pre-req!-Jisite .. for. the lnterve.ntion · oy. the
4. ,fOEA (R.A; No. 8042,- Rule· VII, Sec. 21, as ·secretaryof LalJor .· · · , ·
.. f!rileh.ded). . . The parties must ha\/e manifested that: (V~NRA)
. ;- .
1. They__ ~ofuntar.ily° -subrriit ·. their' potential or
. C~ses·. not App~alable .t~ the ··ooLE Secretary_: . . ongoing dispute to ir.itervention by the Office. of
. (LAN-.BDEV). . . . . . of
the Secretary Lab.or and Empfoymeht;' ·
·1, Decisit>ns . of the LA over which exclusive· 2. There is No pending noticeof strike or lockout 6r
app·euate jurisdiction. is' coriferre~ :. upon . ·the· any·. reiated comp)aint . in re(ati_on with their
~LRC; potential or ongofng dispute;

. 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS 1. 245

 . JURISDICTION AN.D· REM.EDI Es·
SAN BEDA. LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS- MEMOn.YAID ;!019 ·
. . -. t L H#\PQI- . ifMIN
'*'' •••
3. · -They shall Refrain from any strike or lockout or may · file
·· any form of work stoppag_e or from fl.ling any
.»
.involving
related · complaint · while · the· Secretary's wages, rates of
"intervention is in effect; and .. ·pay,· hours' of
4. They shall ~bide by _the ;:igreement reached, work · and other
. whose terms. may .. be enforced through. the ·terms and
appropriate/writs. issued by the ~t:lcr~tary of conditions of
· ... Labor -~"nd·Employm~nt (DOL!= ctrcater No. 01,. ·. emptoyment;
Series of 2006). '. .. . ·2. Unfair . labor
.· practice cases:
3. Termination
di~putes; ·. :
. 4: ~lar~.i . . for
. _ actual, : . moral,
. exemplary and
other· forms: of
Q?magei(
ari$ing from th.e ·
. ·: employer- ...
. employee
· relati6ns~ ,
Except.
s. claim's
. for. - E;rriployees
. Compensation, ·
Social s·ect.irity, ·
Medicare ancf
·.maternity
- benefits, . all
other- . claims
. "arisjng . ·. fr_ollJ .
· .empio"yer-.. ·
··: . employee . . .
· -relatlens, · ·
. . '. iru;::l~~ing·. those
of ·, persons in.
·domestic, or
'1161.isetiold · .
service,
·involving
arn"Punt · .
. .'· exceedinq
.P5,"00.0·.Q0'
. ···regar~less . of '
-whether.. .
. accompanied ;..
a
. with claim for
reinstatement;' .
'and : ... -: ..
. a: Cases ari.sing .
. from" . _ariy
· violation. . bf
. Article 278 of
. this·. · . Code,
including .
questiQns ...
: involvinq . . the-
.legality - · : of ·
§trikes ." · and
lockouts,

246 _2019 SAN BEOA LAW CE':'ITRAUZED BAR OPERATIONS

 JURISO-ICTIO.N_·.AN.D. REM·E-Di·ES .
· SAN 8EDA LAWCENT.RAllZED_BAR OPERATIONS- MEMORY·AID2019 · .
ii&& F&if$1 i.i; &i fiHBM· ff EftMftlf.llo1'

department of Manggagawa sa t-1yat( . v. . Magsalin, G.'R.· No.

an 164939, June 6, 2011) ..
. establishment
when non-· VA ..findings · .
.compliance .. Finding;,, of facts and. la~ made by. the Voluntary
.'p.os~s grave · Arbitrator m_ay. be· revie_weq by t!ie cou:rt The
and imminent Voluntary Arbitr~tofs decisions or awards m,;1.y be .
·: danger to· the · contested on the' following gro.u'nds: (LG~DSI)
health. · and 1 :· . Lack cir want of jurisdiction;
safety , . of 2. ·Grave abusa.ot. discretion;
wor-kers. in the. 3. vi-elation of Que process;, . .
. workpta~e. . 4. Denial ·of SUb$tai1tive justice; .or .
4. To. require 5. Erroneounnterpretatior\ pf th~ law (Sime Darby .
. employees, .. Pilipinas, Inc. v.. Magsalin, G.R. No. 90426, .
to keep and : December 15, ·19$9). · · · ··
maintain
·-. \ :.

such .. . A. Motlon·tor.·Re~:'onsider:ation May,:!3e File:d from

eniployrnet1t . the Dedslon of.a-Voluntary Arbitrator . ..
records . as tns· 'true" that "Article ~75 maK.es· the: voluntary
may . be · ,/,"') arbitration .award: fi_nal and. exeeutory .atter _10
. . . necessary iri Al :._::;.:{ calendar: daysfrom receipt of copy of the· award or
· aid of hi's / •. ·· '·.'\.,;'\ decision bythe parties:'. Presumably, the decision
·. visito.ria)' and . . (_'1;;;.:' ;,-..· ..,·.~~ may 'still·~~ rec.ons.id~r.ed by the V?lunt~iy. Arbitr~Jor .·
l.
.....,;.
ei:)forcement
powers.·
.
. i ·,l,.rr.. .
\l f ;\,.-·.·.~ on.the bas1~.Qf a motion for rec;ons1d_erat1on ·d1,1[y filed ,
//// ..l' ,. -"·'-",-~,:~ 7'~ifrfnn-:-thati~~eriod (Teng 'V., ,Pahagac; . G.R. No.
.sd:·..~::~;:z.-.,, •... _·;t'' .- . . - . .. . .
.
· _,;_;;;,. .~ ...,, I 169704;-Ni?vQ,,:nber·17,2.01 Q)., . . . ·. · · . ··
L------'--1!....--~-'-__JL-~.-/,_.,,..
-: '!F::.,.7·'-"'--......._~;:c
.. . .'.jjfk. . .. .. . -; ... , .
. \:{ /~ · )}5'~l- Period of /Rpia1 · · ·
· · . · J,.,{·' ,) .. _,....;' :, -;' fa.1 - Petition forf reivieW to. the CA should be flied within .ts
.: .. . . . . . . . . : r.".'.,,f!.P~· ,!'./:.~ ..-;. - ~,,,: days Jtoft,· nitic~\oh_he award., jqdg~ent o~ _fina!
, . -C9.'~J~T. OF. APP)f~,LS,{·{~~)' . . ~:. :f';:1 order ~f reijol~ti~o·. of the \/o.luntary Arb~trator
·t . -, .. ,. «e::. •. / ,.·,"· :., . ...,-, ·. ,..;-:1. (RLJ"1=-.c: ,7W!f79XiJURI[',rRule43, Sec. 1).
· ,1 : .
(,: . '-._{- ."'"-'f'; '::.."'!• ......._~,.~~..-· •. e\'•fHcil>'"
,--~.-i .• · · ·
... . _ · - 1~ .... ~ ~ c..,._,~J · i .,-, ""'<t·-~·-~ . ·
-if' .JJj . Docket Fees·
f-'i-' · ·!YI. : .. a.
ft '
1;
odes' of.E!e'liating Labor Case~tC?.Jl:i~:.._s;~
·Peiition for ce~[orari:,..underRul~:i?~~forV~ : . I'.
. · ·· · .. ··
)ft. ~~.¥.J:ri~rt
. .
. · .:
Jn full-:qf ~ocket fees with thJ ·pr~s<:ribed _

" .~
Tho~e dec~ded by the D()L~~~rJiti~·- · · · f1~~°;::peJJocttts:ri~t-only .rn_an~,atory, but:~lso JUnsd!:ctronal.
,,, b.- · Those decided -by
the NLRC, ~~.€1 .. , c;T-:p?...:!~ ..:.:..J(.;,i~aFP-e's\ential requirement, without "".h1ch,· tt,e;
F~ .
·.,';
c. Those. (:lecided by·the BL_R q.1r.rctorAft)lie .decisiow-appealed _froni. would become. final and
exercise of.his appellate·jurisdii::~igo_)1{H'A~, . . · -~xecutory·as jf 06,appealhas· been filed (Saint Lou!s ·
G.R

!
RE;·\I.IEWE?, ~up,:a ~t ?93); ",-.,~:~--- · . University;Inc. i/ ... -Caba,:n:ibias,' No. :187104,
~ ·2. 'i"E;lt_iti,on for
Revi~Y-{. l;ind~r ~ule 4~ for P~_CI_Sl()OS, ·. . · • ·A1..i'gus(3,:?,010). . · '; ·. .
orders, · or awartjs.. 1s~_ued by .. Voluntary · ·
: . ·. . Arbitr8td[s (RuiEs OF CQUR~ RUte.·1~, ~ec:.- · P.~-titiQn fo..rc~rtiorarl l:)nder.R~le 6?
: . 1). · . . . .. . ·. Relief in ·a· :SpeciaL, ~jviJ :·action . fo~ ·certiorari. is ·
b_.·. ·· · · · · : . av~IIE!.ble- only : when, the · . folJow1ng , essential
~: ·Dire~t rei~rt to ~he- SC
is n~tallowed. Ail. labcirc~~es' .. reqoisites conci:tr: - . ·. . ' . .
f. should. first pai;,s through the CA l;>y way of a. pet.1t!on · 1. The petition. must be 'directed against a tribunal,
f:: . for c'ertiorartunder Rule 65; b,efor~ .reacningJhe SC · btiard, ·or· qfficer . exercising· -judicial or · qua~i-
f t~rough a'·pelilion.for review._on certiorariund~r- _Rule . . judicial functions; . .· · · . · . : . · -
['. 45 (St. Mart;n·. ~uneral .Home: v. NLRQ, G.R · No. . .'2. l'he. tribunal, board; _or,offjcer musthave, acted
t· . · ·t 30.866; Septeff!ber.16, ·1998). · . ·. . . ·. Without ·or in _ex~:'~ss 'of jurisdicUon .9r Y,Jith 9rave
~ abuse of discretion amounting to la~k br e~cess
k' PET·ITION'FOR REViEW UNDER.R!..ILE 43 . . . .·ofju'tl~dicti~n; an'rj... . ·, ··. . . .. . .· ·. ·
IJ· Decisions of Voh..intary Ar!:>iirator. are appea!able to -3. There is'no appeal 'nor any ·plafn; spe,ed~ and
t,. . cAwia Rule 43 Pe,titiqn for Relliey,, just like tho~e. of . adequ_ate-rerriedy rri the ·Clrdinary_.c;:ourse 9f la~
[ .. · t6e ·. _q.uasi-judic_ial : age1'lcies: .. · boar<;ls · . ,and__ (RULES OF CQ~RT,· Rule 65, Se,c, 1). . ·
!?.:. . · commissions. enl!merated thl;lrem, and c~ns1:-~ent
ii 'with. the original _purpose -tb. ·provi~e· a ~rn~orm
t,
e
proc_e~ure for the appellate review e>f adjud1cat1ons.
of all ·qu·asi·judicial entities (S~mahan ng Mga
~;

!>-
;;-.

l . 2ois SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I. 247

 ,·
·JUR.ISDI.CTIO.N.AND.REMEDIES
SAN BED~ LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPER/iTIONS• MEMORY AID 20.19

. . . . ·-
. A petition for certiorari under_ Rule 65 of th.e R.ules of · _ 11. In the nam~ of·.§.\Jt;>stantial justice and f~ir play;
Court·will lie only where a grave.abuse of discre~ion · · 12. 1mportance of the issues involve.d; and
. or ·an act without or, in ·excess of jurisdiction of the.·. 13. Exercise of. sound. Disc'retiori° by the judg~
Voluntary· Arbitrator is sh9wn, whlqh may. be filed guided ·by all the attendant circ'umstances (Lim .
. with ~he Court of App~~ls .(SirrJe Parby Pilipina$;·'/nc. ' v.·De/os Santos, G.R.,:No: .172574, July 31,
v. Magsalin, G.R. No. ·90426, Deqemb~r 15, .1989).·· 2099).

G·rave abuse of discretion arn9untlng· to lack or- Course of Action.-of the.CA

exceas of jurisdiction has ·been defined ·.as .the - The CA may either: . .
capricious. and .. whimsical. exercise of .judgment . 1·'. · .Dismiss.the petition; or
amounting to -or. equivalent. to. lack-of jurisdictlon. ·. 2. Reqvir,e the submission . · qf · th·e relevant ·
· There Is grave abuse of dlscretton.when the power documents; or . · .
is exercised: in an-erbttrary or despotic m.anne.r by 3. Order the tn.lng of the ~merid~·d. p!:)tition with the.
reason Of "passlon pr personal hostility, and must be · reqt1ired ·Pl~adings or. dcicuments (RULES.. OF :
so patent and· so gross as to.arnountto .an.eva~ior:i · .· . . COURT, Rule: 46, Sec.. 5). .
of.a positive 'duty or-to. a virtual refusal to perform the
du°ty enjoined or to' act at all .in contemplation of.law '.. Rule on '(erification -and. Cei:tlflc.ate · .o{ Non- ..
. (Dor, Orestes Romu?lde; ~{ectric..Co.op·era.tive;Inc: Forum Shopping. . . . .. ,

. · . . . - · _-. . . : . -~,:; .~u

· · v..;NL:RC;.G.R. No. 128389-, November:25, ·1999J.' .--=~o-parties. .are. being sued ih · their Indlvtdual

. Rules 'on Period, asprovided under. Ri,ltes.of9{vil· '

'?Pj}eifi~i •.. the certltlcetlon of -non-forum · shopplnq
. }f~.ljlegtb~q9ly.one of two .or m~re petitioners is·
·Proce·c;ture. . . . /at -~..=---=..d~f~Jivefu.9le'ss hewas 'dl.lly authorized by hisco-
1. Period within.which to·file peli\l6f-for ~ert}pr"ari- .: , . petitlbr:u~rs.{Pet~i Corp. v. NLRC, G.R. No .. G.R.
60. days from notice .of -jJ;(clgrh~t,.~r9.~~0r:=?e=-N0~4~3.?~tfo§'e{2.7, 2006). . >· ·
resolution (Opinaldo v. /R~kJ/f.ff
·196573, October 16, .?01 :,cf:,;;].'. . . ·.
Gi··. N~ 'lf"' ~ · '\.' ~·;r<} ~ . :· ·
).f .. · ~. ilbte·: In ifase~~tltion'\s filed by a corporate entity, a
. · .
2. In case MQtic~m for Recorig:iderat~~?r otlon for . "'--~;;'.:'·!c~rporat~ offiC'(!f. 1w!:to)i~i.a·co-pefitioner therein need-:
New Trial. is· file~. regard~~tw.hethe~·req~~~-. ~;JT . nor~~n.tli~ \l~~~jf~f~?nand Certlflcatlon on-Non-
:-or. not - 60-.¢lay pels'{,-;..ii,;f rea~o~ed ~~~

motion . (T1razona .v.. ·(t\~~'\r: ~~\t§!.1!3;;;'1:;:;.,r...·

March 1-3, 2008). ·. · .. 'tr ,r) \.
3. .TtJe. 60~~ay perioa is req,l<ene-cl ~om\'(,e!;:~~'{,~C?.t.Mi
., : · J
'\'i{~~-
~1:.·
looi ·~~m ~:fiopp,~g rPet.r,oN .Corp:~v. NL~G,· G.R, fvo.
eo!l:puted__ from · notice o~~eR,cf~nralJ>f: S):I_C~~- Nof 15453: }3_cto.ber_.?7,2006) . ·.. · · . :
_b .... :
,<#/. f~Timg,.:i>~ tiorj/ for"'R~~on~t<!era.tion.·
,,1.t4JJ?.ru~}1_thejiling
H- , . . ., · .
);ffe,Mot_ion for Recons1deration .
.·
:
..th.a c;leci?.i~m ~Y ~oun~eh\or. rep~e.~ent"~~._.~. ~. ·~)tl{~ci~S~'p~th ' followil")g. is mandatory arJ'.d·
.. record, nqt by hfigant-party·'f~L~c· · -~LE ... tl~/~~~cfion~t1W1tli: .. , : -~. · . . . . ·. · _.
. Ill, Sec, 4 (b)) ·. ·. . · . · . ; -~ : - . '· . . . Scp;N-\:.\t;gOLJ.43ecret.a'· ; _ : . : .
. . ·. . . , . .. ~ . ·,~~lQ:- ·ffe~C; %.f . . . . . ,
Exceptions .t.o t_l:ie strict ·applica.tipniO( ...tfij;p.Of!;-~)1=:..~~~I!' Oi 1e'$)0"f.·. .- · ·: . ' · · · ' ·
. period rule: (~2GEM-Cl:.Of·C~ID)· .~·· :v-_(.· · · M ~~i
· 1.: ~ost per~ua;:;ive and weigll'ty Beason~~ · .f . ~~~-He.ni3n ~.!'.lministratjve re'!le~y i.s prpvided by
?',:, .· · ·:· .... · · .. ·. ·

.2. To. Believ~ a '1itigant· fr.orn an lnjustice:··n'of-------1aw, reli~f-must.be sought by first ext,austing such.
· ,coll)mensurate with tiis faifure to comply Y{ith the . . rerriedy befdre resorJ to judicia t ·inl!3rventjon 'may b~:.
. . prescrib~d.·procedure;. . . · - . : · . · :: · · · . . hact Fc!ilure !.9 exh?List admjnis~~tive ~emedies is. ·
3. ·.Good f~1th ofthe·d.efaulting party by_imme(!iately · ·, ·fatal.(Piamonon v.. DOLE, ·GR. No. 108951,.-March.
·· paying within a. re~sonable time ·trorl'.l thet time of' 7, 2.000). · ·
· the· default· · ·
4, · :Th~. · Ex1stenc.e- of. sp.ecial , Of-_. qompell_ing . . . ·,. ·
circumstances;
5. Merits:ofthe case;·
. . .. .
. : . · ..... ·. ·
·1
· r ---.-...
.· ·. :; .. :· .. · ..
..---------~-.-----_
_Sui'.jiE·M:~ C~URT ...
·_,..-- .

. 6. A :£ause. not entirely attrjbutatile fc;,Jhe fault or •

· .negligence of. the parfy _favored ,..by 'the . ·.,
su.spension·of ~e· rules;· ·.:' .: . . . Petition for·,~eyiew on C-ertf~rari' .. , :
7. A back of a'r1y ·showing t~at lhe. review sought is Any ·alleged ·efrpr.s committed· by 'the
·.Court of
. . merely frivc,!o.us arid diic;!tory;. · .: · :. , - .'. :Appe~ls.in t~e exercise.~.f-its 1urisdict1on {und~r Rul~·
8.. · The Qther party . .'~ill not ·tie. unJust!y prejudiced ·65).-::woLild bi:}". ·errors· o( judgment wnioh are
thereby; · ·· . . · · reviewable · by· means. of a ·timely·· appeal· to the
;g_ ·· Fraud, accident; . mistake or.: excusable· · Supreme Court, ~nd not by a special civil action of
negligence yi,ithout. ·appellant's ·fault;. . . certiorari (Asian..Trimsmisslo.nCorp. ·v. CA, .G.R.• No. ·
1 o. · f:>eculiar' legc1I and equitable 'Ql~cumstances . - - 144664,. Ma.rci115, 2004).. ·
attendant to ..each case;

. 248 2019. SAN.SEDA l:AW C~NTRALl:Z:ED BAR OPERATIONS

('
 JUFflSD_ICTiON -, A·N:o·.j:f~MEO.IES· ..
:f. :· . SAN BWA I.AW CENTRAU?WBAR OPERATl<;JNS.: MEMORYAID ;ii:n9
.r,J..ia .M!*-iihl. . . i':4'41M . 4> W i_ &nSk»SSE-eU. I E,
~~such' appeal from 'a final dlsposltlon of the Court of ~~---~--~~ ...........--:-,-:.:--:-.~.-"""'."'-.,
·:;Appeals· is a petition for, review on ceriiorsri under · · PRESCRIPTiON ·6-p.__OFFENSES i
·;~t.!le . 45;·-·. and , not · a .special civil action '. AN:O CLAIMS
:-0f cerliorariunder. ·-Rule 65. of the Rules of Court.
,r~ule 45 ls clear that fhe ,deci,_si'9n:;:. final _orders_ or
tr: resr;,lutions of.the Court of Appeals. in any case; 1.e.,
/· r.egardl~ss of the nature ottne actlon-or proceeding
~;,,.:,fnvolv.ed, may be .appealed to the Supreme Court by PRESC-RIPilON OF OFFENSES · ·
, ·-;;· filfng a, petltlon for' review, ·.~hlch' .would be _but a G~nera I Ru le: T.he prescriptive:· period of al r offenses
i .·cqntinuation. of the appeuata- process . ov~r the p~nalized · ~n~er .the l:ab_o~ c·o~e,. and. its 1Rf3. is 3
,1-" original· case.. Under Rule 45, the reglementary years from the'time of co~m!$.s1on·thereof (LABOR
.f pe"riod tcappeat is· .15 days from notice of.judgment CODE, Art.- 305). . ..
·-~ or denial of ·the motion. for. reconslderatlon {Asian
£_.. v.
TransmissionC¢rp. ?A, G.R. No. 144664, ·Ma.re~ Exc~ption:·· All cc;>m plaints ·i~volvirrg _ULP. shalt be..
0

f 15, 2004). · -: '·. fl!~·a ·Within· 1 year frorh·\heUme'_ttje .acts complained .

•-~: .. . - .. . of wer.e cornmltted} ott:ie~l~e,.tney shall .bEf.~a_rred ·
r: A petition for certiorari.under Rule- 65 -cannot .be
i:: .substltute for lost appeal under Rule 45 in ca1>e. the
a: forever (LABOR-CODE:, Art: ?05).. .
. . . . . .
.
..
~f. aggriev~d party. f.ails _to file an appeal with.in._ the · '· . Pre-requlslte for Prosecutlon.of Criminal Cas~s
~!~· reglem~ntaiy ,.P~_riod. (M'9/ayang Mar,ggagawt:1 ng,,,<:) It Is §1 conditi_or:i sine·qu<'! _non·th~t ~ firial-·jy~g':1ent
'j: . Slf!yfast · PHL, · Inc: .v. N~SC, G. R. No.- 1553?!!( 1/} 1( • finding that al') ur.ifait_ labor practice. was committed

,; • August.28,. 2013). · . · .
. :' . ·. _.,. .. . .... · · .. ·:
. · . . i,, ·, .v· ·,.1 \ · by ~e· r~sppnd_ent sho'uld , fir~t. be . secured or .
,,fvf{s\Jd obtained m- the labor .. or adm1mstrat1ye .case_ or
l'(. In case. w'1<;1t 1s filed 1s a- petition .und~r Ru)e);9, r -~ ..... •~;:-1P,~9c1;iedinQ;}njtiated ,before the LA er the Voluntary
i"· . inste?id _of R.u.le 49,.before the ~upreme Court;,tnay.t /!<-l'~=..c..'.AfbifE~~~-,HAN, supra at ~O).· · · · ·
,:- ... treat the pet1tron erroneouslY. filed und~"'~.9(e"~5as'--· jf. · l
. ...,___ 1 . .. . · .··. . . . .

X. having bee_n file.d und~r R':)le 1!?_, _ti~}')1

·
sa:~
comply with the ~eglementary peno.d:f.9[.'filrng -~.P_,.,li
muf.~,,:J . Note: Final{j~ )fment is ·o)ie that finally 'dispos~s ';)f
the action~rrllr!:lceeding. lf1he remedy of c!ppeal 1s
;.,-. '.. appeal_. Th.is· r~quirernent is A?:t 6~[Y,t.~'a99~~r,'yb_1,1t. ~ ~)\ availablet)'~ut o\_ppeal m~d~; then the judgment . is·
:: . . ·also jurisdictiona.1 sµch t~at faJurl;lAod~ ~o--timder.:\,. {_';. is d~en:iet:!'fill I and executciry. If .an._appeal is 'made, ..
L · the·:. assaile.d dedsion finr-:it:;_sin_dt:~..,E)~,utory"' ai;:tP'"" J,11 .' then'~t?_,,~1Jo~Uyd_q:r.e'}t.r~ndered by the ra·~qrif:>u_nal ·
4 ·. deprives the ~:upreme· C:ourt~.£?ur1sd1~t10:p,to. a~~"} ;-J to wfiieti-,..)t.~~1:~C:c;~~'Na_s.elevated should, b~ the. :
•Z·, th~ final judg_ment",much less-to ~!~t!a'l:5'\tJ'iJ?.app~i?J~I. t·~'j reckoninttfaefofr-'{2 CHAN, supra at 8~0). . ·
~;.. · (Tfrazon·a. v. CA,.. G.R, No. 19.97.12;·l!§.,;.Ch '1.3\200Ef), .. r'if: ·. ·. ·.··. · . ·. . . .. ·. : .. ·
f , . ·: · . . · : . . . · ·. ~ .: l;i . · .. 1r\r".'·f0.ii _ULP ca~~s•. th~· ..~nal Judg~ent.: 1~. t_~e ·
;;.· RµI~ on Ver!ti_c~t1on· ariq .Cert1flc~{~~~f· N~n:..,.....-~'/1,•~;atifT,ITr:ilSt~ive·proceedmg_s s'hall not ll.~ ~mdmg in
,'f . Forum Shopping . . · t1: · : ,.-(, p-·-....1-th~crftli,nal case nor. be co11sidered as ey1dence of
( Ve,rifi1?tion _c1.nd. sworn .certification 'Qi ~nori4<?J;um .· g~ilt· bu~. merely ·as·_proof ··of :c~mpliance of ·the.
t shopping_are required. under.Rule 45 of'11:'i}\~Jesof _. requirem·en.ts therein set forth (LABOR C9DE, Art.
f .. C~urt .. Relaxat!on of thes~ _ru.les is'ju~tified"if there;is . · 2qSj. . . ·· · ' ·
-~ · subsequ~nt !:)nd. ·substantial· C9mphance· therewith·
'(Auzc1, ·Jt, v. MQL..'PHL; Inc., G.R. No.. .-175481, . . . lnteri:uptioi, pf PrescrJetive P~riQd. . . . , ·
.. November
. 21, 2012).
. .· . .
. .. • · ... · . . . : · . .... - · Tbe running of ~he :.1.-year .. pr~scriptive period. fc;>.r
'offense is Interrupted ·ctur'ing the. pe·ndenc:y of .th.e.
Fr~sh Period Rulft ·.. . • . . .. . · . . . . .· · administrative ·proceedfng. (LAB.OR C(!D_E, Art.' .258):
· This>fe·sh'periocf°rule'. sh'all ~lso apply .to Ru_le .40
.. governing· appeals fron:i. tne MunicipafTi'ial' Courts·to · lllega! pismi~sal: is Not an ''Offense" . · .·
"'·· . the ·Regjo·n£ll 'Trial .c·ourts; Rule ·42 or'i petition_s.. for . . l'he act of'th~ e_tnploye,-1n c.lis'missil)g an employe~
;: -' . review from tlie Regional .Trial Co1:itt~ to th"E: Court of . ·. ·
·:. ·Appeals; Rule 43'. ~i, _.~ppeals_ from ._quasi~jl,ldicial._
a
without ju.st.9ause; .although viol~tioh of th_e_ l..,abor
·. Code, does not ainou·nt to a!'), "offense"·as the ~erm
·· · ·-ag~ncies tq -the Court of Appeal~ c!n<:I ·Rule _~5 · · is .understoo<t an!=! ·contemplated .. in Article. 290 ·
. · governihg · ··appe·a1s by_ ·~ertio.rari to the ;Supreme · · · (Ca/larJ(a v~ Camatiori PH, foe., G.R,. No. 7.061.5,
. Court (Gagu.i v. Dejero, G.f~.-No.' 196036, October Octoqer 2.8,' 1986): · · ·
23, 2013,":citihg.Ne_ype~; v... qA; .G.R. No, ·1415.24,
. Septf?njbt1r_14; ,'?005). · · : ~RESCRIPTl~N OF 1i.ufoPi 01sMissAL · . ' · ·
,. Th.e prescriptive perio'd for· fiiing an illE:g~I dismissed .
:.~.
;;,:..
compl"aint is f(.)ur yMrs from ttie . time ·!he ..cause· of
aqtlon acctued. This ·tour-year'prescriptive period'. .
· ·not· the· three-:'year: period .. for. filing mon~y .:laims
under Article 291 · of the Labor ·Code, applras· to .

•. .
2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRAL:IZED BAR.OPERATIONS I _24:9
 ~~~---....-.~~--CIICISIDl~--- ...... --1111111!!1!!:1:mlbl .. ,

. JURrs.01·cT·10N·.AN.i:l REMEDIES )
. . SAN BEDA LAW CENtRALIZED BAR OPE:f0TIONS - MEMORY AID .2019·
qs,wwssa n, w I\C ffi:W .
0 10
claims fqr backwaqes and damages due :me.gal Vei:1ue· ·
v..
. dismi_ssa1.:(Arriola Pilipinos.tarNgayon, lnc.,.~·R· Money _claims shall" be fifed before the appropriate
No. 115689, Augusl 13, 20.14). . entity iridependently·of. the. criminal action that may
'• • I

be instituted in the proper courts .(LABOR CODE,

.Acttons lh.volv.ing' the Funds .of ih~ _Unior . ArC307). . . · · · .
A~y action involvjrig the funds of a labor _orgc1nizatlon_ ·
shalt prescribe after 3.years·from the date: · Pending· the final deterrnlnatlorr-of the merits of
1". Of submission. of .the annual financial report to money claims filed with the appropriate. entity, no
. . the DQLE;·or . . . . , .. . . .. · . civil ·action ··arising·.from· the ·same -cause of action
2,. T11~·. samei should have -been submitted .. aa- .' shall be.filed with any court (LABOR CODE, Art.
. required by law; whichever comes earlier (!BR 307). . · . · . . · .
. . of LABOR CODE, Book Vii, Rule II, Sec. 5). ·. · ·: . : · .
·· · · · · · · · ·· ·· ·· · · · · · · · · Cases lnvolvi.ng the. Accrual of Cause 6f.J\<;tion/
.Note: the pr.o~isic;>h applies,()rilytci ~d,egitirnate labor . . Reckoning of the 3-V:ear Prescrlptlve period .
. organization whic.h has.submittedthe financial report . In . one case, petltlorier repeatedly demanded
: requirements . under· the· Gode (!RR. of ~'BOR. · paymentfrom. respondent but' the latter warded off
COPE; .Book.VII; Rt:Jl~)J;- Seo; 5). · . _., . ·: . : these- .demands ·~b.y ·saying 'It would look into· the
. . ., · .rnatter. Petitioner; finally -dernanded in, .writing the .
. :e,tec! of Failure to· Comply WiJh Report_or,!gla-,,c,,..-:u,;,J:~~-~e~t.Only then was· the ·claim categorically
. Re_q~iretnents . . . ., . . · •1~.. .]" •• · ~,enl~~!:?Y,.the respondent. The SC held. that
Failure to-comply with the above r~quir~n'iifnt~'\shall. U·
notbe ·a gr9u~d for- ca_nc~ilatio~.of -~jo(feg~lji~~·"F'=-.,,,...-=.-,-v.:1~129~deVit's..
i>'.e~tiofrer:~ cause · of action- .. accrued upon
~~n ite denlar of his claim (Serrano v
· · but shall. subject -th~ ernng o_fflcE;t~..P~ n:·~~ets·!o. __ · C~;''G--,~No.$3f~l0,_Augus~._15,·2001) .
. susp~n~,o~ •.. expulsion .·f,:om_171~i:nl:5'ezy~ir. 9..~,->'ar-ryr=:-~·-....,.,..~-~-·~f-\. ·A,\\ . · ·· · -, : · ...
· appropriate penalty {LABOR CJJ.@..~~rtf•25g). · TC',!). '1.f· ~fescn~tiv'~.u_w-JotServ!~e ln_cent1ve. Le~ve
, . . · · -,f '"-. . .Y/ · ff JC ,~. ;fl:le · 3-y~ar ·P,\;el;lcr.iett~e perrod, m the fight of the
. Illegal.Recruitment · . /! . J : t·· . · -A~ peculiarity of .t~~~Jf)'~o"mmences not at the end of·
"":"'-·~r,
. ' · . ~· 20 ye~r.s .. . . fl~~/[:,· · . . ~~-~
. ·.1. 5 ye~.rs for simple iliegal[irtfcp:titr'nent;_. a ~- .....
11~.
·1~~!a'fl.hentfit ett;ml~y~e be~mes ~ntitled .to the
.:~mu~bo_n.Of _f11rsl~,t~Ut from the time WhE:m t~e·
.· ··3,, for: :iffeg,al recrl,!it.!11e1·.•..J:O>V-d,ving. e~horm\~~;-:~IOyE}r~fustf$p.-t0o}1,Y.it~ moneta[Y e~ui".'alent
. · sabota,ge (R.A: No:·804?,.·s~, ,'12):~· · · t:!.. ~
·. _ . . ~\.QN\ ·1.\~~~'~ :ffi!.·" f i.:,, •
after d~-~ 'of.f_?m!71,utatlohor.. u_pon ferminatip~ of - _
. . . ..SSS Violation . .- . fi . .·.~ .. ;~•. ~
emo~····~·~·':"f. as U,e case may be (Auto
· ~~.fls/J,~ff:>..Orf,j,Syst~:S, Inc. v. Bautista, GR. No.
·. · )n cases in~olving rt;!fusal o.r n~glect b~Jt:e. oor5 · er:~~:~·· . ~~~.g_7,,"May_/.6,200p). . . · ·· .·
. In the remtltanc.e. Of -CO~tribUtl~S. to; th_,E! .S.S°s_/~ _;/ .. U. . ~;#" : . {-1 . . . . , .' . . .
· · rigi\t .to il')Sti_tu.te._th~ .. necessary)a~tion ~~i.nS~c;{m,Yl ti}~u'~Y·1":~f f{~,fr\in9'.of·_Pr,es.criptiv~ P_eriod .. -
. employer may be· cotnm!3nced w1th.1p 20.y,eaf:s,fra~VRi~_e,rescnet.LQ.n_J2f an.action is 1_nterr11pted by: (FEW}
the tim_e the delioqµ.ency is know11 or"f~--~,g~.,.s~~~~~T,t:i-e'~ii~~/ff an 9ction; . · · . · ·· ·.
. _i~. ma1;1e· by. the _SS.S, or ·fr9n;i.. u,~ .tim~~:tb~_ge.fit "f~ /{ ~,:\:A.\~Jim. !;,<tr_ajuc:Jicial:demand by. the creditor;.
accrues, as the case_ rray be .(R.A,. No... 82B~eC; . lv 1..r.:.;:;,fl.Jld•~. . ·. . . . . . . . .
22 (b)).. · · . . · . . :.· ·: · -~"'""-3,.··A Written -ackn0.~ledgrri_ent·o( th~ debt- b.y the
· · .. ·. · :·, · ·· · . · · .d.eblor (CWIL CODE;Arl. 0115$) ..
AfUtC,L~ __ 30.6:-~QN.~ CQ\1~$· .. _. .... ~.. ·
, · · · · , On th.is\ poi~t,' tht!l· ·court r·~leci th~t ~ltt,ough the
ARTiCLE 307: 1N.$Tl'.t:liT!ON. OF M:bNEY
ci,.A,ivas com111encer:n~nt pf a civil' action stops .th'e runnii:,g of
· · · · · · · ·. · · •.· · ·. ': the st~tute of.prescription or liinitatloris, its dismissal .
. PRESCRiPTION ·OF. MONEY ci.A11i11s .. · · . . · · · or voilint;:iry :apandonment. by. p/ain.tiff·-'leave~· the. .
All n:ioney _cJa(ms -arising ,from fa-i;e'. -ret;:itloosnip ·. parties in exactly the:s.clme -positio.n as ~bough no.
s.ti·alf l;>e filed.V{ithin 3. years frorn the tim~·lhe cau~a· . action h.ad be¢n.commenced at .all (lnteioori_tinenta/:·
·of-a.ction accrued; otherwise, it.will foreve]',~e.barred Broad_aastirig Cqrporatipn 'It. PangarJiban;.G:.R. No. ·
(LASD_R (;ODE,Art. 306}. . .151407, Februaryp,-2007):" . . .. .

• Note:. iince·.~ cabs_~·of action.requlre..s _ij~-~-~se~t_iat· '
· element not only a legal right ."of.plaintiff. and a· ·
_correlative,oblig;:ition of
the defendant bu\ also .a'._l a.~t .. ·
or omi.~sion of the defenda.nt in y.iolation of sai~ .lega_l:
-rig flt, .-the· c·ause. of action does·,not ·accrue· until .the
par:ty_ ~bJ_i_gatec:i"°refu~es, <?Xpressly. or J!TipJiediy, to ·
comply .wjth its dt.itY (Baliwag Transit, Inc; v. Oplf!, :
G.R.'No: L~t,r.642,.March16,.1989). . . . . .
..... Note: Making of "follow ·~ps" .regarding the clairfrfor. '
. ··ben~fi,ts couJd hot ha~e validiy.to,-leo the presctiptive · ·
. . period: Re"$p!:fnd.er:,t did .not mal<e ai:iy· ex!rajudicial
. ·dem~nd. J~eithe.r' did petitione_r· make .any written
acknowledgement of its alleged. obligation "(PLDT v.
.. Pingol,_G.R. No.. 182(142; September 8, 2010).. ·
· · , :· · · ·· ·

250 <?019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 -·:--.-m-.-.:11-111,ai,-----~. lllllml9m!D!llllmllml:ill!e~
~- 1111!.lllllill.WIIIIIIIDl....

l JU.RISDI.CTION. AN.D REMEbl·Es·

t·.0--111·-~---·l!l \a· ··s.AN-IIIBIIIEDl!l,\-llll.A~W=Ca£11N
..
TRA-L/11Z.£D drlJM~
.. BA•R•OnPE1111RA•T.•IOiJN•!11~a-:aE61M!!0'1;_;,.Y~Al;D.;2;om1~-i\-ll:lliStlSISw+lll'illt11:D11!1l&Mii11Zdll"{!J'..

JfPrlnciple of Promissory Estoppet

tl p~omissory_estoppel m~y _ari_se fr<?.1'!1 the ~ak!n~ of a
promlse, even .though without.consideration.ff rt was
l intended' that ttie· promise·should be relied upon, as
3 years from ihe accrua( of the
.(!-: in 'fact it was relied upon; and if a refusal to enforce
causes 'of. . action (LABOR
.i it would virtuallysarictlon the perpetration offr'aud cir
COD_E, Art. 307) ·
}~ would result in other injustice: This presupposes 'the .
~J' . existence bf a promise on· the. part of one ag~jnst
t· whom estoppel .is claimed. -The promise must be 1 ·year frqm the accr1,1al of the
Gause of action (J,:ABOR ,90bE, .
,1'' .. plain and unanibigiJous and sufficientiy, specificso
0: ·tl)at ._-ttie . C9Urt -C<J'~ understand:' tli)·. O_bllgation fl.rt. 305)
;t .assumed .and enforce the prornlse.accordlnq' to its
1\ · term'S-(Accessories$pecialistinc,( v. Alabahza; G.R: 4 y~ars. from ttie accroal of the' · .-
t,\
~~
No. . 168985, July 23,· 200,8);. ~ ': ·. · . ..,. . ..
. . c.ause: c;>f. actio'!1 .. (Arriola, v... ·
"!~,A·
P,ilipino Stai Ngayon, ln.c.,"0.R.
tt)e·prin~iple of promissory estoppal is a-recognized, No. 1/56..89;August-1.3, 2014)'.,- · -
. . · .
exception.. _to· the 3,--year .prescriptive period ·
enunciated · .in .Artlcle ~06·. of the labor, _C(?de . CODE,''.
O(CJVIL
. . "'Ait:-. ·.
(Accessories Specialist lnc., _v: Alaban~a. ·G:R.:Ni:>. · .
• "' 1-68985, July_~3. 2008). · · ··. . . . : ~,.,-:7}
. ~·- ... : . ' . . . . '.r(f.··/.),1
ii,',.-. In order to make but, aclaim ofpromlssory estOP:f?f31il:;•\
t: a party bears the burden of establishing thefollp~jq~ :'/ :;~:.-, .
.•;_
.~. · elements:
. .(PIO)
: . . ·. ·. .· · ·. · · . r-,,·''·~~~,~)-,-'"7::.:1!~
· · · ··. . '/1I i°' . ·. :· J · . .~{
... ... -···
1. A ~r.om1se was reasonably expected to i(,!puc-3,~,,.t ,.;;~.,i?,~~-!. ,-\ "1 - .
"i(
t
:
action-or forbearance; · · . ;,,:·..-;:/. .. · V
"2. Sucp promise did, in fact, !nduceiuet:(actio,:i.9r~~J · · · ·. · ili~\,
~tr - ·--~,\ ' ·:: : '

.··· forbearance: arid · · . ~.:J:· ·(f · · ., ,,.~~ · !f i f

~L
:;..
3. · n~ .. party : s·uff~red oefri~~otJi~~r:.a-;;11ei"Jtt.-.tf
(Accessories Specialist lniif.c~"Atabani~;-::-G.R; "r~\
i rj. \-
/" ~ · '\·
,.. . . . :;:,,-·· .'J '/(:1\ .• ,, "d "
,·,\·
.
No. 168985;,July 23, 200. ~·-;;·f
. . .· ·. 1(f••f:·
~'7•
~~,j.J;°~:)'.. ~
' ;.
·
,·~. .,
;;~
.· flfl . \. _·
·
~ . .~·;j"SY--:-f.,r;::,:..Ji._i~,'
_. . . Emp]9·yee~/compens~ti~n 1
·. ~~~ :· ,;:~ c'ia1~ 'p.r,·~!.:~ -t~~:t;2:J.;J.t;;;;.:
} · · Gen~r~I Rule:·. N.o claim/or cqm~s$1oi'(;shall ~{ . f'':j
. ?: . given _c;lu~ ·co~rse unle_ss said ::c1airil'!i~,til¢d'··~ith_-the . f·~~.~ . ·
?{;- · S$S _o,r' GS~S ~ith_in ~ yearsfrom the ~u~e f~.;i:i·S'l>TTm tirmij~
1~·· · · of acti'o'n ·accrued (LABOR CODE, Ad(i,?07). /.'r}¢.~_:.!L.d.~. .... ~<i·"~
if,·
;c= ..
· .
..
. .('
.
.
. .. ..
.. ,
.
- j,Tc
. .-.,(,, "'- .,, ,r . . . - .. · .
,,;'._//.
~-- 1 ExceptjQn.; . ·:., . _... . . ~{Ii.~ . . .
-~- .... 91aims file<;!· beyond_ tt)e 3~year·.prescriptil/~- per_iod· ··
:t{ rriay still tie,giver:i 'dUEf eQ.l..!rS~,·proy)d~ that: :
'· 1. A claim was.'fjled.for'Medicare-, retirEim'ent with .
t .
'disability, .bur:ial, death' claims,, or. life {dis~QilJty)' ...
•· ·insuranc&,.with the GSfS·with1n 3'. years'from ~he. ..: ·.
11' · .. occutrer:1ce; · .. . .. ": .
?- . 2: ·In
the· _case of th~ pri_\'sitet. sector 'erpployeesi. a ..
~;' claim for 11/!edicare,·.~ickness, buri~I. disability,:'pr
~> d~atf:I ·. !.-va.s· -. filed . within .3 . y~ar.s . ·,frofn •, the . :
\ : occu~e.nce:of the· co_~ti.n~enc:_yi . .'. · .. ,. . . -· .:
;'· : ·· · a.'. In any ,of' the. foregoing-ca~es, the e~ploy.ees' . . ..... '
comp~nsatibn claim shall be filed with th~.Gs1s· ..
(.', .. or the SSS wittiin a re·asonable time as provided. . '
. by. law,_ (¢cc RµJ~~ of Proqed_urr,. for. the 'Fllitiq '
and Dispos_ition o,f E_mp/oyees; Compensation
: Claims, Rule ?• Sec. 4). · · .

Note: ·The·: claims falling ·under- the .. ~mplqyees;

Com'pensation Act should. be lib_e'rauy' resolved to I
f1,1Jfil its essence ~s a.-social iegislatfon .desi_gned fo
:;- . . •affor~.~elied to the working"rrian in our society.
;:~ .
I,
2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRA.LIZED eAR OPERATJQNS
 .. Off ?RICI A IA&hSii WE SW¥

J°URISDI.CTION.AND REMEDIES
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZ§.DBAR OP£RATIPNS- MEMORYAJD 2019 . .

PROCEDURE IN HANDLING GRIEVANCE

(lf:?R of L.AB9R GODE, Book V, Rule XIX, Sec. 2, as amended by 0,0. No: 40-03)
. ., ....

NO See:
.Employee · Flowcharts on
. with e1 ·
Follo~ -;~e stated Resolved . · Voluntary ·.
rules ·in·the:CBA
Grievance ._ . 'Arbitration ·
YES (p, ~53"-259)

YES:
.With CBA? .. ··.END

.NO

. ,- .. YES .

. . -~

.,

..
: ,·

252 I 20i9 SAN SEDA .LAW.CENTRALIZED BAR 'OPERATIONS.

 JUR·ISDICT.ION ·A.ND ·R·E·M·Eb.f ES
SAN BEDA.LAW CENTRA~ZE:D BM OPERATIONS·- MEMOR'i'.AID-.2019
. NMli Mrtt &RZSEIS 10¥» iEWiiM " . . i l p;g

WHEN THERE IS A-PERMANENT ARBITRATOR

NAMED IN THE CBA
(/RR of LABOR cooe. Book V, Rule X.!X, Sec. 3, ~s-amended.by D.0. 'No: 40-03)

When gr.ievance remains.

·UNRESOLVED after ·.
· exhaustion of grievance
machinery ._- ·
,•'I

·· Either party serves ·N01'1.G.E

·. :ro.ARBITRATE·upoi:, the
_ other; coP,y"_furni·st:i.ed to·
Perms:inef.i~ Arbitrator or ,
P'.' ,::r(~MB
_,:,.I . ,
. i ,,.·(..,,
·

~,-~ -~-~ ..-. -. ~--~~~-·~-I

. . ·. II NCMB'.monitors progress bf l ...
. . -. the case . ·. )· .
I
' - - - - ..- - - - . -:..-
.
- ,...
..

'·! .

20i9 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED-BAR OPERATIONS I .253.

. . . ··:-, ·... .. . . ·. . . .
 JURISDICT·ION·AN·.D RE-MEDl·ES ·.
~N BEDA:LAW CENTW.H?EDBAR OPEFIATIONS-
- MEMO.~YAID ;io/9

.WHEN THERE IS NO-PERMANENT ARBITRATOR

NAMED IN THE CBA
(/RR of LABQR CODE, Book_V,.RuleXIX,. Sec. 3, as ar(lend.ed by_D.0. No. 40-0;J)

Wl:)en grievance. remains

. UNRESOLVEDafter ·
exhaustlori of grievanee
. machinery· .

.. .-

·. Parties mutually ·
' . selected an '.
·. . . .-:arbjtrator/F>,VAs·

· Formulatiori of
.... Subrhl_~Si(?n .
. Ag.reement
. · copy .fllrnis_h.ed·. ·
'Determining Arbitrator's. ·.
acceptance and availability
tlie NcMa
. >.. ..·' ..
: . :· to:haridf~ the case '

. . .
. Transmittal-of Submission
· ·. . A-greemer'lt . . . .
-· --.~J°CMB
- . -'· ....-·1·
'·.:
I.: .

·1
J· : . ~onitors . .1 C~mmericeinent of
... progress . arbltratlon proceedings"
1 · of ease I .
.. _ ~-- ·- J

254 I 2019 SAN· SEDA '-;AW CE_N°TRAUZED BAR OPERATIONS.

 JURISDICTION -, AN.D R·EM'E.DIES·
. SAN FJEDA .l;IIW ~ENT!t4LIZ~O BAR OPERA T!ONS -. ,¥~0~Y.AID 2019

Subn_liss'i~n·to Voluntary Arbitration based on

. ·. · .NLRC Referrals · · ";
(NCMBPr'oc_e_dura/Guidelines in the Conduct of VoluntaryArbiiratior,·Proceedings,RULE IV,· Sec. 1).

NLRC orits appropriate R~gional Arbitration ·

Branch issues an order to submit the . ·
. dispute 'to. voluntary arbltratlon, and
endorse entire 'records to NCMB

the 0

N.CMB calls parties-to a CONFERENCE·.·

. and facilitates submission to :vq(Lintary . i . :
arbitration ·
I

!' ·.

Formulation of . . ....·--........:.--~·
·_·.....
, __ ....;..·'""·~
.~ , Submiss(on Agree,menJ. ' ...
... . '1 ...• · ... ' .-~-·~::-::~-.~-_,
' ...... ·---------·-----iJ . . .. . : (.
.. ' · · · · . ·. · 1. Deterrninlnq · · I
· transmittal of · . · ·I Arbjtratcr's I
•a..: ........ Subml~slon_Agreem!:)nl I acceptanceand -1
.. I· . availa_bility.to ·1
•• l ·-1 · handle the case ·: ·. ,
.
.
Cornmencement of .
L--~~-~~-i·: ..)
·. . Arbitration proceedings .
. . . ..
1' ••

('
 IWEi

JURISDICTI-ON.!JAR·AN -,D .REMED·IES

. . • . SAN B£DA LAW CENTl?AL/ZED OPEFlATiONS - MEMORY AID 2019 · .
SM NIA i iili·WBHWtkJ#·:U

Submissio~ to Voluntary Arbitration thru NCMB

Not.ices·of Strikes/L'ockouts (N$L) a'nd Preventive Mediation (PM) cases
· (NCMf!.Primer on Strike; p;c~etingand Lockout (19$5))

. NCMB:facilitat~i submission
. ·· .. to voluntary arbitrat~on

.Both parties AGREE to one or both parties

submlt t6 volunt~ry: '· . REFUSE.to submit to
. arbltration · voluntary arbitration
·-

~--.. -·

....: ·.

· .Corrimeiic~nient of ' .
Arblt.ra~on.proceedi~gs ..

····--

256 _2019 SAN-BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 .. '.·

JU.RlSDICT:IQN.A.Nb RE·M·Eo·1ES
·SAN BEOA I.AW CEN7Jl(,LIZED BAR OPERA flON~ - _ME.MO~Y AI0.2019 . . .
a MMf'!k ' .. WMWAE*:4 fifl**":i&CI *.&IPW&MM&fl..i

NLRC RULES OF PROCEDURE FLOWCHART-

. (2011 NLRC·RUL.£S OF PROCEDURE)

"Filing of;¢omplaint in-
the Regiqnal ~rbitratioh 1-+ ·
· _Brc1nct;: ·
lssua·nce of ~1,1mmons by
the LA within 2·;days from .
Raffle .and · .~ the receipt of._the complaint·
~ssignment of Cases Servi<:_'3 of Summon_s t>y
the baillff within 3 days
from receipt \.. ·

- - - - _t .. · ~ - .:.. ., . · . -. . 'i
·I. Motidn td oismis$ complaint I
Mand~tory Concillatio\i
J Filed b.~f9re.the mandatory I and-Mediation- ·
I conciliation and mediation I Conference · :
·L . · ,con_fer~~fe _. · 1
-. -- -.( riP~r° -, - - ·
..... 1,-, .,~,, .
. ...I · ··
~ J • , • f ··~ • •

. ·. ~ 1t.:;;.:-; •'l·.i:(•1 . . . . If 1)0 settlement•. LA Will·

St.ibmis~ioh i>f the · ......_. He,f-lfl~!.e_,_1f.!f.i~~~C?.!! ~· ~ require _t~e ·sub~J~~ion ·
__
cas.e for Pecisi.on·
...,._...., .,.... _,..,.,., ,,
,,,,ff. (tonfer.
4'-,/. . .
•
\d l.
· . 1 .
ce~':":'
.
>::-- r:..,;f(
....~ .......:..
.. ·--- .
_i
v
\
;'
of. Verified
•
.
Posltion
Paper . .. • . I
. . ·1 ·· .r;1P' · /I· ~-1! · · _I,.'!,..~~----.-------_. -I
------•-·---.---·1a~f-~--:...Tih1s'T; ~, If-:- - 4,:;:.. ,1.. _...;. - - ', JI 111\
.. Finafity·oflhe LA
_ De~ision,witt)in J~~ '
diJ"c)etionary' ·
.:.'.1t'.f;1.......,·_ -}'i. _ :..... ., lj 4 \
1
!/ 't? \ I
.
_: cal.en~a~ ~ay1ft.:~rn
. the receipt ofJ!fie' ~-, h.1'-
nY r,• (}·1
·. :~. ti;! ·
r-~.-{,..,--J,,,r---o-'~•
_f. ~ \
·f~ ...
:"•·
""' <>" -~ .. c./f~) r-; --....-~·. "..('. ~ p, . J<J.'
~~-.;·<'_U• '<_~:'-""
#

r,_
. counselor or'tae
.· . rti . . -~.
.pi;i es.- · ~~
~,:;....,f.,:."
il--,." .-.~
,.,,..:; ·,;,_
:;;.~·_. :I.~:,
d-'\. .,
·, ,. I'< · J ~-,~-· . 0

. . ~ .,. . "/"" }- ,. . 1.'l\ JI . , . )"-; .

• .:' ... L,_" . . . '<..\;\· .' )0) . i~.,~.-,-.
....... · . . t:.i..:. - .... - . . d' .;. t·;:(~f';_,.,: ... : . ----------
Appeal -~o ~he .NLRC _:- .I:~< .• ~~;ee·t,t!~ifor..:~ili..it::::) Appeal oy Certiorari.
. . . . within ·1 o calendar .. ,fi.~loran ~n CA med :qt. • . in SC wit(lin _ 15. days ·
.... "days frqm,recejpt of.' ~~_:{!pt.laterth_an.-60 days ---+ _from.notice.of the'
· decision/order. . . _frorn _nqtic~:of ;he juqg6,ent, order 9r ·
· · · ·. · - . .. · · · · ")udgn:1~n.t, order·q_r. · resoJution --.
. . r~_solution
... · ..

· · · ·exECUTION OF oec1s10Ns THE NLRC ·oF

(20~-~- NLRC RUL.ES OF PROCE(JURES}
,t ·.· .. ... ·:,
r· i"f the Judgment is .
f·
f_,·.. : . . ..
.
Finality .of the :_ ·. . Fo.rwarc!ed .to th.e'l'..A ·: Pr~-Execution '. not satisfied, the·
. "of origin" .· . LA m'a/iss.u·e·a writ
i- ... ·. . . ,De¢ision ... Conference·
· . .,. .· ·Of e~ecution
t··
~~
r. . -~-dTEi Petitio~\o·r.Certi~~ari.will not ~top the ;roc~edingl'!~xcept when. a TRO ha~ been ls~-~e~ ifJLi~¢RUL~S,
: Rq/e-XI,Sec. 4): Moreover, any compromise agreement may be effeGted at any sta~e of the proceedings (CIVIi,.
[: · CODE, A,:t. 2040), · except wlien the final judgment is already. in the proci,lss of .exe·c4tion, (Jesa/va v. Bautista,
G.R.. Nos. L-1-1928-30; March .24, 1959). · · . . . . . .
~-t·-
. .

r·
['·
t 2019-SAN BE[?A l,.AW.CE!NTf:W-IZE[) 9~ OPERATIONS I 257

f
 41 MP MN

JUR"IS.DICTIO·N· AND R"EMEDI-ES.

SAN"BfOA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS- ~tMQRY AID 2019 - .
MR CrifE iMSPtMfi M&P!Ci I PM1SVfy HQZ ;la• ii

JURISDICTION OF DOLE AND ITS BUREAUS/REGIONAL OFFICES

bOLE SECRET ARY

· . Bureau· of Labor Bureau of. : Regional Offices

Relatlcns Wo~irig . ·. (Regional ·
· Conditions Director)

. · ... ' ..

' Mediator-Arbiter ,
. and SLR Director .

,: .·

··.·
.. ~

. . .
: National Labor Relatic;,rts
· · · CQ.mi'Y1lssion: . · ·

: . '. : ·. .:_ • .··. Ail : • .. · . . · . · . cases,' .

: Regi9nal Arbitration ·
Branches and t:.ab9r·
· Arbiters _: .
. Adjl,ldicatpty_ Powers: ::
.. administrative · in
Ooncillafor-Medlator . . . . . character;.. involving
: .. or . arising. out of
. : .. "violations : ' . .'. ·. of
. . . re.cruitment . rules ·.
and "regul,ations. .
. Concillatlcn..
.·. mediation arid . · .• . [)isciplinary · actlon
··. . against . land-based
voluntary arbitration . OFWs, ·. . seafarers '..
.,,. ·and .
· tir.iricipa_iste:rn.Ployer,
which · are
administrative "in
: character, excludlnq
money" claims.

!
,25?" .2019_.SAN BEDA LAW <:;ENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS·
 .:.
JUR.ISDICTION.AND 'REM.EDIE.S···
SAN BEQA ~W CEf,ITMLIZED BAR OPERATIONS- MEMORY·AtD2019
AZ ibi Afl:ihA PS . . MMM>fP . f?flM4asB!WZ,1~·~l,·mlli:oA..=""

INTERilNTRA-UNION DiSPUTES AND OTHER RELATED

LABOR RELATIO.NS .DISPUTE REMEDIES'
.. (!RR of LABOR CODE, Book V, Rule XI, fJS amended by D.O. No.. 40.-03)·

·Regio1,1al Office . BLR Director

1 . Med-Arbiter 1. All Decisions of
· 2. Regional the Med-Arblterln;
. Director · · a. lntra-union
· Jurisdiction . dis'pljtes;'·and . . -
. Appeal to the
1. lnter-Unlon .. ~ . . b. Other related
-----".: laborrelatlons · Court of.Appea.ls ·
Dispute
(~ia RULE;65) .
· 2. lntra-Unlon disputes ...
Disputes . 2. Decisions
3;-C>ther · originating from the.
Related. Labor DOLE Regidnal ·
Disputes -Director . .

·:. ./f;~·:
.· . . .
Art. 232 of the.
/f,,it:-''J,.·.1t!~
; ·:· .J,
·:•.,.._. . . . .,. -.,-.
DOLE·Secretary.
...
·
'L
· a b or .C01c1e
-' ·' . , ~vr"7,. ,n,n,,tj
, , ..·,,., ; • .,, .~ A.·P.P.ellat,e
... · '
provides .. that BLR s- ,,.J
v · ',....
':~.·;,.~-.
- ;.:~_;;.
- ;~ju Isdl ctitiri
•.\;l-J\,-~- .. ,..,
. and RD have ..,.'(',.,.. "\...i' 'f(', . . ...,·Um1tegL'q.~ly to. .
CO!)C~rreht,-r:0/"'. .' A.,d- . reyi~w of{~~cision
j,~·-;:i: . \ : .r~nder11 ~Y~f?.LR
·. ~ud.sttic.~on'ro~«
. inter:-u.rn .. <JP~~·r'";:-:r,·w · ...
: ,~t_r~;P,.9Jorl ·· . 'i;'{::::
·
r: .
. -,. .f.r\.
,,Pir~c~9fs 11 :t~~
exercise~~ .h1~i
r
d1SP."'tAs.
i· ,,~~- .
"I" •
6- ;· :7-.. .
&~ · ·~ii\·,
t'W .
exclu'§ive anJ:): \
.II_ .ft "'.\.
•
, .... ,,, ~ ~·""' ...... · . ~· . ...~. · 0N~tn1:1ljp..t!s€li~'1:i1:1JJ1?
Appeal to DOLE . ·-w;,:._ · ;:4 ?<•l .f{~f..: {;.f. . . '°" ·:::~:;:,:~··~,.r-. 1
· Secretary in case -...;;:.?,.....~
\.,,--
"'·
\,.. ,
tr ..
I' '
,h:
,:y . . .. . .
I
I .
of: . -. _:;. rt _,.~ · .,-.l'~~jj. : . I
.
1'. [nter-Urilon .. • \f~l"r~,._--'J . .,_:,,,.,!lo :,-.,-~f?!' I ~·
· .dlsputes; .{"1< .:
J.1"1 . .1y/
/.,~:::.::__...~.;,1~..._
.... ·.
u,;&IJ...,
. ···.!
I
·. z. Request for_,· , !'I, I · I,, \I. . . -. _ ) · . ·,Appeal to t~,f
. SEBA . . . · S\.J r-!~PP~al to DOLE. ,_:_...,.:-:-! Supreme Court . ~
. ' C~rUfication' when ·-· · S.eq.retary . ·· : ··
made in ·an · i-: · ·- · . . • - • ·. • ·. ~ ' • ·:. (via RULE 45)
unorganized
establishment ...
· a. Petitiorl'for :
.-:Certification . · ..
. 'E:l~'ction, ·consent ·..
Election,' .Run-off
eJectioh

..,.

2019 SAN SEDA LA,W CENTRAUZED BAR OPERATIONS J 259

 --..~m::.::----IB!!Jal----------aml----lP.rlll!Z------l!Dlill-------i:...--.·
SOClA.L LE.Gl·SLATION 1 -~ (!:II --·~.:

Aio
SAN BEDA tAW CENTRAUZED'fJAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY 2019 ·~

_The general purposes ot workmen!s compensation

leg·islation; therefore, are:·(l"OT-PI)
........___ s_b_c....;IAL-.--·w_·E_L_F
- ~~-LEGISLATION __ '.ARE
__
. ~·
_· ._: 1
- · 1.. To [mprove ·th~ economic ·status ofthe workers;
2. To Qbviate the uncertainties,. delay, expense, .
'and hardships attendant upon. the enforcement
I. . ''•
ofcourtremedies; : . . .. ·.
· Social Legislation ,. . 3. To Iransfe"r .from the worker to the industry in
Refers to those laws that provide particular-kinds. of which he ts employed, ·. and ultimately to the ··
.protection or benefit~ to .so.cfety'orsegments the.reof . consuming public, a. greater pr.o'pqrtlon. of the .
. in furtherance of soclal justiqe· (1 l,ZUCE/VA, supra ecoriornic loss due to industrial acoidenta.and
: at 10). · : . ·. ·
. injuries: . .
TITLE TWO: EMPLovees ·caM.PENSATION AND 4 .. To frq'(ide, riot on.Ly foremployees aremedy ·
· STATE'1~isuRANCEFlfND . ·· .: . · ·. ·. which is both expedltious and Independent of
: proof. qf fault. but also for. employers a lia_bi)ity.
.: CHAPTER I; POLICY ANO DEFINITION . v,,_tiich is lirnlted and determinate; and ... · ...
· ·· · --5 .. To Improve the relations between. employers
Workmenis Compensation .. is a. ger:ieral and . and 'employees by· avoidlnq or reducing the
· comprehensive term applied to those laws providin·g ·· . friction Incident to litigation (1 AZUCE!NA, supra
. fo,r compensation for loss resultirtq "from tne ii:ijury~,~...:.: at"516). · , . · · ·
.disablement .or : death. of .. a· .workm?tn..;,:,tb16r:igh
·: industrial · accident, casualty,' or- .,~is·«;las~ (1
u· ;~,.__ · . :. '·
. ; "·· l ;." .. · · .
. .:
·
AZUCENA. supra at _5_14):- . ·. -~<""· !"."'\:.,,;.....o=-=:=,."'" ~- ·P /' ~MPLOYEES · .
Th~ p~lmary-. purpose • of j\(~~ Y~s~= ~{q~PENSATIO~ ~D ..
compensatlon.ract ls .to p1ovig~l.-~~~1ia'h.f~~ jj~- :S<=.FA~E>NSURANCE·FUND
disability · or death . resultiri.ef ·tra~/occi;lpation.~l. ~ ~ · ·.;. · t\ "\:; J-,..&- · \ • · · •
injuries or .di~ease~, or· 1;1c~\di!ntal.inJJ:lry 1o$,.or _deat~·,e: .?~, · · ·. ~ ·
1 ,',,(. : \\, · · · · .·
i1r::- -~-r - ;. . ,ri~ . . ·,
i.
of employees: ~h~.statute 1~Jl-~e~1al on~-el.'la_eteC:J-"ili'-' . . .
__primarily for the beneflt of tl];err.fi.~
v,,tio wolks l~e-~ , I · ..- {!;;::: -: n . . Mr ..aa,OYEES .
<' \ - .. ·
pursui~s._subject to.lts proviti~~~l.~~s-~ortflW·benfili{ .;-, ~CotPENS~1I!ION LAW (ECL)
of the ,n1ured _empro.yees ~rir~t.i¢!_J~urecrei~_}~Y'e(~~~
(1 AZUCENA,.supra at 51_5), ·· · 11""'\\i ~"J' ~- ,, • 0 .1, · . ~-
:B·.mN:~ · ·_62
i..): &.-PoEA:.SEc·
~ ~'). ~-..:,-.,·r. · . · . ~ . .·..
. .. · · iu, fl"' ~ :il
.,..
11
· · /<:::! ;· . ,;jo10 · · --- ,
'The. Principle 'of\.So_C?ial.·~):u~ity\ls r3p'l1~ ,.)Jri$ e~·'..', '°-# .. :.(f if ."· .~-: · : ·
. Emplo~eE:s'. Cpm~e~s.ation C,o~r:r:ils.si~ ~E~~:fi ·· . ' . ::AY. · I · :. , ." ·: · . · , ·.. ." · . · . . ·
. Comm1ss1q~ adm1n1s_ter:s ai:icj s~ttles. <:_laim_s f(b~.~~e.&ens.~1ionm,. ans . all pay'T'~nt~. made 'for
fun~ under its e_xclus1~~ c~ny-o!. l'~e !3mpl9~~~ t:ftt.~~J E.N,1fueon;i.~~~t;Jefits..i~~d. medical or related l;>enefits
·. · not interveri~ in.the,compen~ation p~~~e~lan,9)tcb.~~~---,=;>-.fM/3~~R. CQb'fl.f)\rl. 173 (o)).. . _ ·.. . . _.
n_C?.con.tr?'·· as .!n me:p;3st, ?ver ~'.3~en~oA1cleJi.ts.·1i,--,-,.. i... ~~-\..'\./J· ·' .. - . . . ·.. : . · . ·
A covered· cla1~i:in! .suffering from a_n .o~~t.lQ.~t6nal j\}1f·S~~~,,§f6fCompensat_•<?n:. . . . · , ·, , . .
disease is at:1tomatically paid his b~nefits (De Jesus~...::,i-fflfect.P_ay~en.t - provides for th!3. paym_ent of ·
- v. [;CC, G.R. No: L-q6191, May 27, 198"6;-.0rate· v. · · the c6,mpens13tion·by,the emp!oy~r cjir.e·ctly '(6 the ·
· c.A; G.R Np:f.:)276.~, Mar.ch.26, 20~:J).· .-· .. . 9.mploye~;-an_d · .. ·,. ·
....
EXEC"OnVE CO~E, . . ·SUBJECT COMMITTEE . MEM
. 0 BERS . : . ADVISERS··
... · ' -. MARY c~u. c. syMAi-JQur· ·'.i<RISTJNA . D. ... CABUGAO 'JOHN llENE~ICT·M. RlVE}l.A, . ATIY'. JOYRICH . . M.
- · Over-all. Chairperson, ~~c1·. Subjectc:;'halt;·VICT6JU<ENNER ., RA~·.]ILLIAN D .. BIA$CA,: GOLANGCO,'.:Att'y. MARLON-).
. MA,ln;:. VISTA Chairperson for · S: -G,µ.ANG.. ,.Nsi.stant 'Subject . Cl:lRIS'l'l.AN -MJµUE LYNN P, .· .MANUEL· an_d ATT'i.." PETE.Re.
Acadeihics, BEN REI E. Chair, MISHAEL'R OCCIANO . ·SOLIS, JOANNA PATRICIA R. JOEYB:.USITA ·
:BARB~O Chairperson forHo.ref . Subject- . Eledtronic .. o;,ta . PAD);UD, STEPHA!'lffi. NICO!.E. .. .. . ..
-- Operattons,JHELSEf\L9YJSEB., .. Processing, NA~~- A.· M 11..ACAD. and ANN MARY .
· . DIMAANO Vice Gbairp~rson-Jo.r · Ql)IJANO Labor Standards, BEA . MICHEll_E B. RUALO
. Secretarial, EAfU. ··JUSJ;IN :M. PAUUCIA G. DANG.i\Zo Labor ·, · ..
YAMBAO· Vice Chalrper.son."/or·· Rela_itons,, and.: JUZME~ ·
Operations,. MA. ANCELIC,O. B: : FRANCEZ UiERESE · M.
l)E" LEON'. ·.Vice. _Chclirpersoli for AB~IAMJurlsdfr:tion an,dSpec{al
Finance, ARRA OLMAYA ] ..' ,La",'S.
B:!',.DANGAN l'ice Chairperson.
. _ ,,
. '
for Audit,.JQRJ)!tl( N. CHAVEZ
Vjce Chalrperwn for EDP. ~z
DARI\YL . D.Til.l. · Vice
Chairperson for Logistics; and . ·
. DOHN ~OE. AQUILIZJ\N
Vice Chairperson.for Membership
 •• I ~ •

socui, LEGISLAllO'.N.·
. SAN 8£DA LAWC£N!Rl'\~1,?EO 8All OP£FIATION_S'-.M£M'Q(!Y AID 20;9_

insurance Statt.Jtes - require the 'employer to 2. ..B_uilt throug(:1 ~oritri~utions of th~ employers .
take out insurance elther with an insurance qased or:i the sal~ries of their employees; .
. bureau operated by the state· or with a private 3.. · C.on'ti·overslori to· the right to compensation by
" company.' or to contribute to a compensation " 'tiie e~plo.iees'is nofreql.iire.d. Opposition by the

r· .
-~·
r:it,
.. fund, and If ari employee is injured, the empl_oyers {s. likewis'e discarded; . . . .
,., ,. · 'eompensahon.Ispaid by thelnsursr or from the 4. Rule on ~ggro:!vatiOf'1 of lllrie~s is· removed;
-cornpensatlon fund (1 AZUCENA,supra·at516). _ .fr. Einpi~yers' ·duty. is only ·to. pay · the regu.lar
monthly eremiums to the sch~m,e; al"\d
i;:. Enactment' . . . . 6. Empl9yee.s' Gompen~afion C~mn'ii~sioh .(ECC;)
f'.P·.o. fl!o. 62~ ?.i' _the. Em_ployees' Compensaflon administers and Settles -clai.ms fron'I a fund
~; Law (ECL), issued· on December. 27; . 1974, under ,its:exclusiv~ control. The employer do.es
·:;. · amended extensivety the· Labor Code provisions· on. 'not :rntervepe, ·as. i,n .th'e .past, .. over 'Jjayment of .
:{::. f:'mployees' -Cornpensation and. $tate Insurance · : b_et'lefits (Sarmientov. ECG, G.R. Nd. L-'65680,
.f :~
fun<J (.1'AZUGEf'/A,.~~pra at 518) ..' : ..
.' .. . . -. . . . ..
. .· Mf,y·f.1,__1988). . · .. ·i · .
i. RD.. l'.JQ .. 626 took· effect on January 1, 1975 and
t . 'applies . prospectively.. Thus: it applies, oi:ilY. to · ..' :.·V\Jork;men's Compen.sailon ~- Empl·6yees'
: . C.ompens.ation/Stateln.Sl,lrance Fund
.-: illnesses -co·ntracted · 011 -or after -that date. The · . - •,. . . "'. .
f Wor.kmen's 'Compensetlon Act c,i{CA).· applies to .
illnesses .. contracted · 'before · -thar date. The -
Workmen!$. Compensatlon Comrnlsslon was fin.allYcVi1).
aboltshed on March 31, 1976·(1 AZUCENA., s·~pqf~f(,:~\ , .
, , .518).
· · . · · I>:·· ;~, ·,
Ff"'" · ~"t Act No 3428
~-· . ARTICLE 172: POLICY . . . . .. . . ~ /.::, -~:·r . : . . ·
. ,'['i
. The· Sta~e .~hall .pr~mote ';1.nd develop a t~~~~~em~iQ'[;!~ f!.t~~·r:t .
employees'. compensation · .. progra~---:.,,.wher.eby, ~1 . , , • • • • • • • • 1
employees 'and their dependents, irf.Jhe.~evt¥rit_gt:~tl -, . . ;J • I\ · . . _.. ·
work-connected disability· or death, ffl~Y.iPrbr,QP.tl¥"'.- l There is ii' Ji,esump,tion Presurnptlori
. secure -adequate income b~nef!j,~;;i,:foJ- ;~e'dical r.~ - . ·. of
·.of compe'~~<)'~iljfy,·,onc~ cornpensablllty in_ fav<?r
!
f·· ,. related benefits (LAB~R. CO~re·rf.~s~~~., ~~ r::i .
:~j~~;,~~~t~~~~t~~= ~~ol;~~~ ·:x'?;~~ei~.. t~! 'I,
!

W St~te_l,rsura~ce.Fund ... ~ { =~.J;··ti ~..,.. . ~;·:1 ·. in '..:. t![i;1{;.:e,q.1:frse-t;P of case .of polic.~men and I·
~' . The Labor Coc!e.adopts the compensttl.C}':1;'!"~1.n?,ty,J)~{ t',,,r emplo~e·rffrttf.ie.µ,legal members· .of· the AFP
0

~· ~IJ' c_overed employers are re9ffil'f~9-:;,r1~'t. ~o ia· · !1.f . pres·4m·ption, , . iri · the sui:;h t.hat the, moment. an
J:·,. . 9ommof.i. f~R9. ~ mor:it~ly c1;mtn~otictn...,eciui~~lent 'to · I ?rt;.. -pb~ence· of substantial AFP·. ~13mber suffers.- a
I
~- 1% of the monthly salary 9red1t of e:~~IY:>overed . /r,·.,t' evtaetllce_ · lo ·. the ,contingency, · .. · · the
{- . en,,ployee. Th~ employ_ee pa~~ no co'r$.J~ution5.~,,~'"1..,t::...:t.:~c/S~fr~~as .that.. 'the pr~sutnption is th~_t it _is .
~, . fund. Any_ agreement to.
!hE'.l c-qntr.ary,!~ pro?~l>J!ed, claim·· for' compens.a!ion ·~ec;ause of the r:rature 9f.
f. Tbis. ;makes up . the Stat~. ·lnsurano~.:£ttl~d' (1. ca,:n? . ·, .
wit~in .... the. ~i.s wo~k . (Ecc· Board
i:... .Afµ6Ef:IA supra at/5,17). . prov,~r.ons of.· · ttie: .f;?f!SO/uti,;m No~ 39Q8):
f. · · .- · ·. · · · · . · · ·· · : • compensation .law'· (1 ·.
~ . Mechanics of S.tate-Jnsui:anc!:! Fund ..· AZUCENA' . .. · · ·. t
.:.· . A sta(e insural)ce fund is)>uir~· Lip_ by the cont_ril?~tibAf .. ,,20) : ; ., • . s_upra · ~
o· ·· ··q(' employers. ba.sed o.n. th_s : salaries·: -o.f .. their v· - : ·
":: . · err,P1oyees. :The . injured w.orker · ~oes not. hav~. tO .~ ·
: litlg'ate hi~· 'right. to. cai'l)pensatlon. H~··sifr1ply files a· ,
· claim, with ·the .... new neutral... ·Employee's· No re'ed.. tq pre.sent Proof. of
causation is
Compensation -Co.rnmis.si°onwhic~ then deMrn'lines· · p'(oof ..of c~u·satibn ·(1 needed:'if.the disease is
whether or. not. compensation . may . be paid. (1 . AZUCENA, supra_ at ~qf listed (1 AZU9~1'/A,
:POQUJZ, sup,:a at' 507j.. ': . . . . ; -520); . _s'tJpra·at 521}: ·.:.
. ·: N~~~re of . th~ . ~tale'. insurance .Fi;l.nd, '(SIF):.
(C3APS) .. . . ·. . . . The.burden ~fpr.oo{that' Un.der th1;3 present ·,aw, ·.
. 1: P,resul'f1ptlon of ·,g,.om_p_ensabili.tyin· fav<?r. of the_ the' illness did nor arise 'for a ;:in . emplbye_e. (o l?~
.. ·:··workmen· is abolished.(Sa'rm/entov.. E(:c,·.G.R.: out of employnienl, orat entitled' ti:> -~ickness or
··:No,. L.,~65680,.. May 1.1, 1988); except in .the case least ~ggrav~ed 'by it, death benefits, . the
. of policemen-and members of the ·Arn'lep-F~rces .
· ....... of the .Philippines (Ar:;:P), the. pre'sumpUQnarises.' .
fEill.-on the employer\,. sickness . or . death
shou)ders. The re~ulting therefrom. must
· from· the nature of · their wo.rk provided·· th!3t-: en:1pl_6yeehas .no·duty_to be, or mus_t have resulted
'evide_ntiarydi9taJls:of injury or d~ath:are clearly - .show: . causatlon : (1. fro!'fl:.
established (ECC-Bo~rd _Resol~tionNo. 3908); · .

. . : .: 2019
. . . SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED
. SAR OPERATIONS
.. 261 ·
 . -SOCIA·L .LEG IS.LA Tl.ON
· SAN BEOA LAW .CENTRALfZEDBAR OPERATIONS.: MEN}ORY AIO 2019
• e Ml@MtMI @flhXMii Mi 4 ¥WHR4sd43Pi Mi·ld&·151

AZUCENA; "supre at ·1. A~y illness definitely . . Abo.llshed cbncepts under the EG!- .
520).. accepted. . as an While the pre·sumption.of compensability and theory
.occupational dlsease .of aggravation· un~er the Workmen's Compensatipn
' llsted.: by ' the .Act.may have been abandoned under the New Labor
Comrnlssion:' or Code,. it ·iS significant that the liberality of the la~J.°in
2. Ariy iliness causedby ~ME!ral in ~avo~ of the w9rkingman still subsists. _T~is
. .the . · .. employment rnterp·retat1on applied Art. 4 of th,eLabor Code .,vhrch
subject" to · proof . that provides that all do'ubts -shcJII be resolved in favqr of
the risk oLc:ohfractii'ig labor (La"Z;ay. ECC,·G.R. No. 78167, June 18, 1990):
. the same is" increased
by WQrkin_g.cond!tions ., .Pr~si.lmptia'n of .
compensability provides that·
., . (t-·AZU.CENA, .supf;J .. 6nce -ihvas proven that the injury or disease arose
. · tlt-_521) .:. . in the cour.se of· employment, the legal presumption-,: .
'in tne . absence. of substantial :evidence. to·. the
contrary, was thaqhe ,claim. for eQmP.el'lsation came' ..
· within. the .provision~ of. the .compensatjon law (1·
. AZUCENA, sµpra·_at 520). · . .

. . •.. t . , • .. . " •. :
·u· of· · aggr-avation
"-c:ompensabillty 'may be established if, by substantial
. .. . . : ..:.levid~~c~. it ca_n be demonstrated that_ the w~rking.
provides that

- . . · . .. .. · ·-/.;.· ,~·. ·•. 1 -~, :,:.-::-.~onq1trons aggrayated or at least contributed in the

: The · erriploye_r s~ould. _srnce t~.cla1~0J4:J~_e · .' ~dvaiic~m·en! ~f the employee's illness (J_ep_sens
co~trovei:tor dispute !he emplo~e\:-h.,: ~'..-,,,J~t. :r,~.-.,,Mantime,-lnc.· v.. Babol; GR. No: 204076, 'December ·
claim.. tor .compansatlon coml?e~~gtr&w1f"9irecrn1 . 'l\""' .4 2013): ···~ ?() '\ . . . . . . .
-within'.1,4 days fC<;J~ t~e _ag~ih_s'~~V-1ff Sf.. th!1 :4Jj~ .&l . \. . \ {~ .\ · ·.. . .. .. ·
dat": of the dlsabillty; or ernJSl?ye.r's;loes -~ot _have ./( ~-,. .C_ompen·sabih\y{o,f!'Ji'l~,mbers of the Military .
within 10 days .after: he to/,cer:1~9"[irtthel!,l_a1m-_(.:1 .. -1f'r~·uesp1te!',he e><<t!u~[!m \?f ihe members. of the AFP.
had : ... _ac~uire~ _AZ.I;~.'
i
· sufra~:;l:)\ 11 <_~~eJ _NP 'fr~p'(t~.,l1verageof GSIS, they are
. k_nowle,9.Qe thereof, 52.1)~ U .'f, .. st1 · =-Still cov, red _un~e,,..,.~;1 168 9f-P.D: No. 626, as
otherwise, he would be ~ ~ , \\·
considered' 'to have- .s . _;;:,.~
~1'-·
..-<~ '
-!: · ~-IDl!!JllamendJ~cc :f;irculafiNo.06-709). · · · .. · · ·
~ ·. · · ~ f;{!:17
· .. 1(1-,;::,:f-~ . '. . . , · · · ·
·v-:aived . his ri~ht, to· . \ ()I. ) ·. . . ~ , :-(._: _· J~ ,: :e~ rtfil,Ru1~,l ·o~i -~!Jmptive e.ompenS'abWty.
d1~pute. the cla_rm an~ · ,~ . \, ~[~ ~"!~~follo'w;ng 1,/..nces, the diSability o, death
will_ be· Qrde.~~d Y?. pay_ · ·\ . . · ·,. -:~~ ~/~~iV.a.··9)-tfmber- pf ~he_ m[litary · is ~eld to :·_be
. _the ... cornpensat1<;>n (1. \ · \.~ { Sr ~--;~l~:c'ompef!.'s~bl.e:f~A_P) . ; · . .. . . . · .
'A'Z._UCENA, supra at · · .. · ~~~ 1I.::.t~3/vv~.!l~~~Jd1~r-1s on fiest-·and')'ec:ea~10~,
5~1). . . , 0 . --==~--· -'<1"\,.,hJ.c~>:IS ·consrdered part of ·the. soldiers.
IV'..[
...... _}...~ \~'ii~ry
r., "'\,...\
i~ ~,.,., .adi~ities, . after t~e soldier h:;i_d . gone
. .. . . .. . . . . .. •:-~ . . ~ ·. J.. !',... ~oi1:acty~jc0,nbat-doty, as.duly certified to by·
Payment, . of ·. ··the PaYrnent · ·. of .·· 't!1"er~~ the p(op·i;;r corriman(!ing offic$r.coliceme_d';
compensation.-'is. madE;i compensation is ·m!:3de . b_ . While' the ·soldier is on. ·Acad~mic leave,
by the-emploY.er. · · ·. b~. ·, tt]e · · SSS/G$1S . . provided thafthe·parti_cular field 'of ~tll_dY. had . ·
·· · · · tt:iroug!)_.. .the State . been· approved and· Pc!id for by the-military, ·
lnsprance.l ·Fund.' .. The· or . other··. agencies ·the·· .military··· 'had··
·E".)P_loy~t's.·O~ligation ·is · . ·{anctio·ned officially; .· .. .. ..
n:i~r~ly to _pay_·hi~_cqunt~ ..c.: When a sol~ier is: ".on'f,ass" for a period not
c.ontfibutiontb the·S~S. · ·exceedi,ng 72 hours .. · If, the. $oldier · y;,~s ·
. . . unable fo :teport himself or hers.elf back' for :
. d.uty fr9m. a duly ·autiii:>r.ized -pas$ Within: the
If.. ah . a·ilment ..ofi ,an- .The. rill~ on: aggravation .. 72-hour per~Qd, it must have' tJeen for some .
ei')1ployE:ie .. ··wa~ of iiln~~s which tJives: rise legitimate·. :and· valid .reason . such . as
. (:lggtavated by ,his work, to .. -emplo1e(s. liab.ility .. fortuit9us.'event.pr'.rorce ~ajeur.~( prpvidejj
the·erri'ploy~r is .liabl~ f()f was · 'abC>lished . (1 lhcit n'o·unjustified or: .unr~asonable· dev\ation.
corripensatlon .· . '(1 AZUCENA; · . supra· : ~t ·rrQrn the condltjon for Which. 'the 'p.ass ljad
AZUCENA, supra :at 521). b.een iss.:ied. · had been comrn.itted· (ECC
.52i) .. ,· · Boa';-crkesoh,.1tion No. 0~02.00.14). · ·. .
'2. In the following instances, the disa!:Jility or dea~h .
. · of a· rri'emb~r . of 'tt]e -JT1ilitary · is deemed riqt
' .. c.~mpe'n'sahle:WuCC·S-LA) . ' . .• .

262 I 2019 SAN SEDA LAW.CENTRALIZE'? BAR OPERATIONS

 ,, : ..

.SOCIAL· LEGISLATIO;N.
5/WBEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATiONS - ME:MORY'A/0 2019 .. · . .
•• 1!49 'h-1 iff±..ZIWMDNM&MSWl?ew,&s~ .. . +wiffl!R&F.&4~'

a. . \l'.Vhile the soldier is on Furlbugh or On- Bas.le Fea'tures ·. of the New · Employee's
.· leave, he or she is considered absent from Compensation F>rogram: (12 - PW~R)
military service, .. .,,.. . 1. · !ntegration of Benefits .- Compensation
b. \/Vhile the soldier 'is on .G_or:walescent, benefits for work-connected· injury, sickness,
·.. ~ompassi6rfate or §.ick leave, except when. disability, and death have been integr~ted With·
the leave had been dueto work-connected · those· of the GS IS/SSS and PhilHealth
illness or injuties; ... . . simplifying and . facilitating the -processinq cit ..
c. While the.soldler is on m~t.ern)fy, paternity or claims. · · · . . . ".
gradu:ation·.!::eave; and. . . 2. Increase . in Benefits - Allowable income . ·
'cL When the s'ol.dier is considered on :'AWOL" benefit has been considerably lncreased.death
status . ((=CC Boi:i'rd. 'Resototton 03-No. and permanent total disability .. benefits now
.. 020014). .. ·' . . . consist. of .a lif~time 'pension. Burial expenses
ARTICL.E.1.80:'LJ·ABIL.IT.Y·. OF T.. HIR·D'··PAR.
T·.y·
/.IES have also been increased. .·· . . ,
?.'.,_·
-. ·
3. of
frompt payment· lnecrne benefits - Does
'1.' · When the ·. dis~bitity or · death is . caused by .awax with· . adversary . proceedings. The ·,
L ' circumstances creating a l_egal Iiabllity against.a third employer will file·. the . claim in . behalf of thee.
1"" patty, the disabled emplo.y.ee orthe dependents,' in· employee. .
'i:,, case ot.hls death, shall bepald.by the System.'(.GSIS 4: Wider Coverage·.:. it includes employers wiJh at
,;: . .or SSS, as· the casemaybe) .. In case the benefit is: least one employee · arid regardless . of. the .
· pald, t~e
,system ·sh.ail be subroqated to the rights of ;;,.~:\ . capitalization and the type -, and nature of thelr
the disabled employee or the dependents,' ii'l-CaSE;?1,9(1;:.J;c business. . '. .. . . . . . .
his- d.eath, in ·ap9ord.ance·. with the general/~~/'''\ 5. begal Services Dispensed With - Under the .
. (LABOR CODE;, Art._180 (a)).· .. · l't·F; .:. ':,, · n~w yrog~~m. ther~ is· less e~pense because
. . .: . , .. . .· . :; (· '.'. '.;;l,,.. --. leg_al s~i:yrce,s are dispensed with, .
excessive Recovery . ,$- ! :. · · r(.;.:... ..6;;.:~or,e_..ft.al,anc.ed. Rehabilitation· Program - It
Wt:iere th~ systemrecovers from ·suc;:11)b!fd"party~_; f! ·er1a6fesJ,~emian!3ntly. disabled 'el'f'!pJoyees to
· damages. in· ex~_ess·.of _those:paid or 1a1J~w.,.,~<:und41r\::>J
l . avail tt-i1~\~1ves of reha~ilit~tion ser.vi¢es 1Jnder
the law .... such excess sh al.! be. delJy.§lir,-~· to· t~·- !.;\ . the E?JPIPYve's Comp_ensi'lt.1on Prog~ar:r, (ECP)
?isable<;I er.np!~yee or ot~er perso~,~;~tit!J:ft!.ta·efreto,.. !';., ·. whi_ctiJ...cafi _h~)P tl1em _regain c.1s. soon_~s p0ssible
after d~ducfmg. ·tt,e:,. cost· gJ4roceecttngs;;7anp,__. p} th_el~jph)1f.1Cc!\~apac,tyto the _:max1mun,: _IE)~el.
.exp_enses of the .Sys!em,(vig~~ COf!:F;i,_Art. 1~0.'' i'".\ .p1s_9bl~~per~~n,~ c~uld therefor~ rem?m ?s
(b)). .: . . . . . . .. ~r'. "'-'<'~2;·0 . -~.,, . ;~: ! &~ffil::~~Nwt~9f,,SOc1etyand regain. their self~
'. , · -.. '"-•· h:;;',f) v·-,,4 1 •.. j confu:ieQ.1,_e_;al'ld self-respect (.1 .PQQUIZ, supra
Prohibitio!) Against Do~ble ~edcwed./",,,'\_ . ·JI ~,.; . at 499). . . , .
The injured employee ca~not claim\P,~ym~i)Jtwice ! 1$sT,.,,...;~ . · · · . · . ·· ·t
f9r the same inju'ry from'both the thir'cfpaq:v;~_ridfr9m · /,; !, . ~-~)_".!~}-~ 1 a2: EMP!,.OYEES' COMPENSATION
·the.. employer (Alba v. BU/aong, G.R. ct;(os.:
L-1.0301¥.::'.-·-=.e.a:.QOMMl:S::S'loN
;· . and L-10$85-88, April 30, 1957). . _(';~ ~. {/',./.. Strucrure:
·. · ·· ··· · ·, · , : ',-1._r·>.[.) · .. 1. ·Chairman: DOLE Secretary·
~' ARTICl.;E W1: DEPRIVATiON OF BE;N'eFiTi . 2. Ex~Officiq Merribers:. . ·
f; · .. Ex'cept as.·otlierwfse pto~ide:d 'under_ :this Title, no. a. ·-_SS$.Administrator;
~ . contract•. regulation, : or d_evice whatsoev.er shall ' · ·p. · GSI~ Gen,~ral Manager;
t.
i;.
'Operate t~ deprive .the. eg-.ploye_e or his.:~ep~ndents·
of any. part of th:e· income· benefits,, ahd ·medicat or
C, EC.C. Executiv? Director;_
d. Me11care C.ha1rman; an~ ...
r· relatec;l· services g'rantetl. under .this··Title :(uti16(? e. Two. appointive mernbers, one of· whotn
f, CODE, Art.·
~81); .. · , · ),haH ·repre~ent ·the ernptoyee.~. ·.and one
i · ,.· · other, the employers, to be appointed by tt)e.
;f. _Rules.or;i·._!:,i·~~ltan,;ous Re:c~ve.n,: . : _ ..... · . President (LABOR _CODE, Art: -182). '
i· . · 1, $imultaneous· recovery un.d:e·r the Labor Code · : · .. · · · · .. ' · ..
. . . ·'and .the Civil Code· cannot be
made: The action, Thrus(~of ·employees Compensation Prog'ram.,.
(ECP): (CCP) ,. · . . .
· · · is· sele'ctiv~.· and- the emplqyee
· · · · · · ·
!l'ay choq_s~ io file ·: · .
the claim ·u.nder-eith.er. Bu:t once .the,election. is. ·1. .Qompensative. Thrust ...:.. . ECC thrpugt:i ·SSS and
·ma.de, t.he cla'irriant. · cann,cit opt'.Jor. the oth·¢r. : · · 'GSIS pays benefits 'to the workers who suffer
. remedy. (Ysmael Mantim(!!, ·corp., v: AvefiiJo, work-connected contingencies. In case' of death,·
. . the btmefits. are given to the· beneficiar,ies..
: ·- G.R, Np. 4:3674, June. 30; ·1987).
2.- Simultaneous. reco.very' undsr. the Labor. Code·
c · t'IVe· T.hrus·t.' ~ t re.a
2 · ~Ura · t · t.h · .k ·
s e SIC f!eSs or !nJury
· ··
'.? .
ai-.d the SSS .cari be made;since·.P.O. No. 1921 trni.t.a worker may suffe.r . · .
h~s lifted the ban .on .sim.ultaneous · recovery 3. Preventive Thrust '- to minimize and ··control
(DOJ Op,inion No. -a, January 12, 1990)'. · hazards in the' ·wqrkii:,g · e'rivironm.ent (1
A_ZUCENA, supra at 598-599). . ·.

2019 SAN BE;DA LAW CENTRAllZED BAR OPERATIONS · I 263.'

 . •,

SOCIAL. LEGISLATION
AIGfoSMM.W
.
Ari&WM SIPS
.
SAN BEDA I.AWCENTR.ALli!liD BAR.OPERATIONS - MEMOflY AID 2019
CWlf¥¥FMMi£ 5 MCA MAD

ARTICLE 174: COMPULSORY COVERAGE ARTICLE .. 176:'EFFECTIVITY OF COVERAGE

The ·state Insurance Fund- shall be .compulso.ry a: . Employer: on the first da_y of l')js operation ·
,upon: . ·· b.. Employee:: on ·the 'first_ day of.employment
: 1, ·All employers; . (LAB.OR COPE; Art. 116; Amended Rute.s
. 2·. Employees not av.er 60 y_!3ars old; . · . . on Employees Compensation (2014), ·. Rule
. 3 .. Employees over ~O years old and 'payi'ng I, $ec. 6). .. · · ··
. contributions; · . ·
. 4. Employees coverable. by both· the GSIS and Rules 011. Conipen~abi(ity· ·
·. . SSS shall .. be compulsorily covered by both 1.. For the injury and the resultin~j' dlsabllity ordeath ·
.·Systems . (Amended· . Rules on · t.=mploye·es' to. be compensable, the injury must be theresult
· : Compensation (2014), Rule I, Sec, 2); and of an accident arjsing out' ofand In the-course' of·
.. 5. · Flliplno employees employed abroad subject to' the employment (Ecc·ResolutionNo. 2.79g,july
.. regulatiOr)S as 'may be prescribed (LABOR -25, '1984);·· · ·. . .' . . . . ··
'. · .. CODE,.Art. ·175)'. . · . 2. For the sickness and .the res,ultii1g·.disability or
. . deathto be compensable, ~he sickness mustbe
. ·_..,._Note:··Liability. of .the. ECC through SSS/G$1S.shall the result. of an. cccupatlonal disease listed
. be exclusive ·ari9 in place ofall other-Habuitiesof the under t.he Rutes with the condlttons set therein
.. employer to the 'employee, his dependents oi: . .. .satisfied, 9~herv.iise, . .proot rriust be: shown th~t .
. ~nyon~ · otherwise entftled. to receive d~magE:~.,9.f.1..,,.;... ..., ==..~:therisk _of cohtra·c!i~~ the ·d.isease ts lncreased ·
Bet,art iof the employee.or his dependents :(J[?,J¥offhe· '[, T i\ . .,:by,..tb_ewo~Jng conditions; and' ·. · . . -:
LABOR CODE; Book IV, Rule IV, Sec:,,J.fii)). :~
· .· . · ... ·. .
U
- .:r°V OJ;ilyi~~l')jury: or- slckness that occurred on or
. / :{....,..~ C .~::o~, ..,,~~.•}1fter,1Ja_p.u~~ 1, .1975 and the resulting disability
The payment _of compi:m~atio.n.u9.9jr-,E9'~,;~{l;ia1fno(.' . . . . . ·0~~tii~~'IS)1a~ be compensa~le . under these,
-bar the recovery of benefits as 91:ovt~c;t1.tpf!!J,,_Gthe~:'°'":'"'.o....~e~ "((Arhe,f\.<!_ed Rules . on· .,Employees
laws whose benefits.are . - adniini~1~-e~ b.fthefSyst~
,r,.., ,.. 11, ·1:.. J{"' )% Co,p~saJi~m(~14), RULE Ill,· Sec: 1). .
or by other agencies· of tl;je gQ¥ernmeA ,t ..(E .,t -~
· . -: .·~. . · · . · · . . · · · . :· ·. · .
~ •

Resolution No. 2799, July 25?J1984; ',lmendedRules ~l\f'\ Note: !tie er ,fl<!l(~\t for compensab1hty 1s the·.·
_or ff},
Employe_es Compensatkfi.,,'"(7J)·1 Ru/,-117;'._S~9.:-~ al . --~jcisten_cf:ot.e~p1_6'yet~l!IPl?yee relat_i_onship which
2(b)). .. ..· · . . u pl::._i ~I . . ·\ .: ·";-~~")l,. ez1s11;l~ J~1~d1ctiop~J1ou1~d~~1on,.for.t~e ·~e.covery of.
, A • •• • g "~·~, . ,\ f
f-~.. : ~2.rnpe~at1on. ~-~-'il!e .relat1onsh1p h_as,alr~apy
CJ,\_.:· . ',
C_crvered -!=mpl~yees:

sha!("be·covered: {PPO)
~l ~-.; f. .
Emplo~e_es belonging_ to :anyiQitfj ~JlovftP~!lJ:,s~i::~9~ ·.
.. \\ V ~ : '\"C..1,;~,
t~.,p~iR· fdJ~.
~~een s.~'iift.,, ,- ltj,e·proV1~1ons of t_h.(,rla~w111· no~ apply

\:· .· · ~1 ..,~.!};,).';,'/A.. . JI ·.. :",r

~UR[~gt,,57.'l). . · ·
ff . ·. . · ·
· . . · ··· '.·
· ·
· ·

1. The fub!ic :s.ector consist~ of: .. ·~\ · ~tP ~ ~- .~ 1e)1 i:~g . o~ppmp_e1;1s.~b1l.'ty·. . :· .
a. ·Employed.workers wli~are c.o~ered~bftlt~ ..~~r~>*'8:1eJ$~ess~e.:tilt1ngm:
· GSIS, including. the me(!'.lbers ~f: the(Afj!~~:f:;:::r.~\.;. ~1s~ll~y;.. · · : · . . ·
· : (EGG CJr-cular ~o. 06-709~/y21~~~)/~;~,fil~!-~a~.,_e!'!l..p_?rjr: Total D(~ab(li.ty;
· b_. .El~cliye offfcia.ls: who a're receiv.!~}eQ~'1I1r-rc.,:::~~4-~fS-1'1f.e}jD:iJ1ent.T.o.~~I D1~_a_b1h~y;and -': ..
. _. '. . .' salary; . · . · . . .·· :· -~~, Llj . ~ IJ A.2\_~. }P-~~~e-~!partial D.1sab111ty'. ~r.·
c.: Thos!:) ·employed as ~a:sual, ~ontt:ag~al·, ·l\l:.V2~ 0 UT:· .. · . .. .· . · .
. Emergency,· Temporary., ..or-· ·substitu~~=-=~: ·· · ·., · · · ...
.- . - .,· · · · - . ·1nJUry . .. ..
~ . . -~rnpJ.oyees .(C2ETS) (LABOR CODE, Art,. ·I · . , :. · · ·..., · ful . h · · ·.-· · .h h : . ·
... , 1-7.~(g);· Amende'q .Rule,~·:··on 'f=rriployees .· r)JUry,:mea_~s any.,.,ar:m. c .~r:ige__ 1n ~ _.e· ~m~n .
·. · Compensation · (2014): RULE ~r. . Section . orgarns_m{rom _any ~~c1d_ent arising out of and 1r:i the .
. . . -- . 4(1)); ,_.. :·. .. . · ' ·. · ' · . · · course:~f e01~loyn;_e~HLAt:mRp?DE;, Art. 173(k))..
·2. ·The:frivate·sector coriiprisinQ aWthe.:employed' .. .-.. ·,'Arising.. out of"·.refers .to th~·origin 0·· ·.O ftli
. work.ers who are· cqvered by. the SSS (LABOR. .. · · . . , ,i , · .· . . .. . . . . r ca~se e
COD£,.. Art. .17~(g): Am,ended Rules on . '. . ?~c1dent .. Ji:1. t~e .~ourse of, ei:n~toyme~t ·, ri:t~rs to .
: E_mploye,e·~Compen~alion (.2014), RULE./, Seq. .mJury . that takes. place .. within.. !h~· pefl<?d .... of .
. 4(2)).. .. :, · : · . · · .. : . · ·: · , .. ·... . .. .. :· ... · . el'T)pl~YIT)t?nt, at: .th~ pJace. whe~e. tl')e. emp_loyee
3 Overseas Fil'1P"ino w k (O'f=W. ). . ., . ~ea.s_onaply n:,ay b~,.~nct_wt,11': fulf!lh.~g '11s-dut1es or. .
· .- , . . · .. .0r.. ers ··. :·s •. name 1 Y_· . - ...... 1s engaged. in ..doing. soi:nething inc1~ental thereto.
~·.. F1hpino . seafa~er~ co,n:ipul~or.ily vOV€!r_ed (llo'ilo Dock'& Engineering· Co. v. Wee, GR:·No t-
.. under: the .SSS, and · ·. . .· 26341 November 27 19681 • . • . •· •
b. .r,.. and"'based ·contract' wor~ers provided that ' ., :,. · r· ; · ..
. : fh~ir ,,em'pioyer,.- najur,al or: juriqic~I; is N(>te: Employment ins:!udes· 'not o~ly. '.'tti~.actual_ .·
engaged.1.n a_ny tra~e;· !~du.stry ~.i: busm:~~ doing of the work;' but qlsb a reasonable margin of . ·
undertaking _in· the ·Ph1hppme:>; oth~n,v1se, ·· time and s·pac~ J')ecessary to be.·_used· ir)'passing. to
they &hall not be covered by the ECP ·(? · - · and. fro·m the place .where the:work is to l>e done,.
CHAN, .supra at '450-_451). where. ,he latter ls ·.~1<pl'es~ly, ._of impliedly Included· !n .

264 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRf,l.lZED BAR OPERATIONS

 •
· SOCIAL LEGl-"SLATIO·N
. SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED B~ OPERATIONS - MEMORY ~ID 2·019
21w&4+e· hlM Ne MIUW 11¥ gp IW@AN±

_:the terms ot' employment (1-AZUCl::NA, supra at Note: ECC Board Resolution No. 3914-A, issued on
.i;-529). . . : . July S', 198~. extends the compehsable coverage of
~-. . . . .. off-premises.injary.from near-the premi.ses up to the'
~t. . Basic Guidelines on Compensable Work:Related residence oJ the .employee. ·It provic_les th.at an·injury
i Injury: (WOE- I) .
\;,: 1. Employee must havebeen injured at the place
- . · .' . . . . or death of a covered member in an accident while
he i$ going to, or coming frt>m, ·the workp.iace, s.hall
where work requires him to·be (Workplace); . . be compensable. provided the 'following conditions
~: ·2: · Employee must. · have.. been performing his are ·established·definitively: ._. ·· ·. ·
~l-, . offi.c.ial functions (Qfficjal functions); 1 .. Tha.act of the emp'ioyee of go.ing to; dr coming
:~,,':· 3.. lf..irijury Is sustained elsewhere, the employee · from, . fhe workplace, must ' have been a
4·J?.
. · must have been ·executing an order 'for .the continuing ac~, that is,.~e had .not·be.en diverted
; '. employer ;{!;xec!Jticin of. order) (Belarmino v. . . ' .. there'froni by any other a~tivit.y, and he had .._not
· ECG, G.R. No. 9.0201, May 1-1, 199.0); and .. departed ·from his usua~ ·route· to, or from; .his
The. injur:y.. was not ': due. :"to the employee's- ... . workplace: and. - . :-. . . . . : . .
jntoxtcation, willful [ntentlon to injure or -kill · 2. • When ah employee is on a spe'cial errand, the··. ·
+umself JJr another, notorious ne·glige'nce or as · special errand must have· been officia~ and in
otherwise provided under , this Title. (LA BO,R 0
connection witt:i"his work.. : . .
CODE,·Art. 178).. . .
,. This eompensability ls.sometlmes called the "Street
~' Note~ Injuries. incurred by_ a ·pubfic~health worker./}.} · \_eril Principle" (.1 AZUCENJ(s'upra at 540).. . ·
.t while _doing overtime: work sh.all .be presumed wq~l<f;.)~ · .· . . .
,. connected (R.A. N<;,. 7305! Se?·. 28). . l<,(p:;· :;,
- : ~ffect of Deviation from ~01,1te., Schedule, or
i,;.·
~i:
. .. . t·r-~' p(-' ...,A -Mode of-Travel . •,
.Accident Is an· .unintentional -and unfores~E!ri',; r·t;',i Jll~b.ether S':JP~ deviation 'ts compensable depends
. . . ' . . .

1: injurio.us occurrence which happens by cha1.1s;ei. lf..'1s)f~_G.di..dJ.n:arily,,.J_J?~~ the extent, purpose, or effect thereof.
{ ·. fort~itousiy without intention and design' ~pctwfi1ch is\U r( .An upa'utti'or[z~d'deviatlon may preclude recovery of
;;.. unexpected, unusual and. _unfore_sef1!v(Sunga.y)\ J~
J,: .. Virgen.Shipping Corp., G.R. No:. 198ff)_o,(,(Apr!J,
'.:: 20.14) .. · .. . ' ·. '.: · _.,-,.'!;:, ff=.:--~
l\ comperisati§~··;i,or'

.. , . · __perio? .of/qeiatipn,.-1
an injury caused. by an added per.ii
2.i.;-;-~··1f, to which th~ e P,l9yee is there.by exposed during the
but the oompensabllity of -an ,
,F . · · .. ,4,/. ·.'t({::::::,;; c: . · 'l . injury pcf;:urri.!!Q·after ,t)e· deviation· has' ended .an\:I
'·1 t"'
'
f>-' . P I R ·· 1 . . / .,,r"· '
Direct ·!em ses u e. •... ':J-;,'-1.' q.'r;,, · '"' [:' ";'"
,.:,:;.,"' : ... e . eg,p_oy_e~-~s.rl~a,.n
ft I ')• . ~\. . . th
·~ e .course o · 1s
f . h' .
[(_ . TIJe acc1d'eht' should haVt;l OCGtf(red::'afll;l~J>lac~o_f. · ,,XJ emplefyM'~ryb,sf•.~t.(·,Ortjmarilyaffected .thereby. (1.
~; work to be compensable_.·.· . ~~- , .. ::iS"'f2'1) [.t:.
~~!'.): ,: AZUCEN1.i<,,.'§.__t1f:/J:.a.-a~50). . · · · · ·
. . . ·. ' .. · ~_;_:-,...-..fr·~\ . 'fl . ·,: ". . . . ., . . .
· ~~neral. R~le! Going a-r:id. ·comln~f:-~u)e p) in ufe ·:·;l . . ~
absence bf 'special circu.mstances:, 1~.~ployee .,"!i;j.J • ,~.. , .t,, . .
o(
iAjured·ln. going to .coming from, higlf1a1,eot-'ir&i:k~~:..J~_'IDurii(ig.:11r.iauthorizeddeviation · No
i$ ·excluded · frc;im_ -~e beri~fit~_ ~ti{
'('O_rl{f)Ti'eh's ·. . After i:mauthorized deviatron and Yes.·
compensallon acts·(l/01fo:Dock &_ Engmefl(!.Q;yo.v. . b.~ck iri.the course of'employmer:it
W9C, G.R.·No. L-2634;1, November.. 27, nq8). · · · ·
. . : . No deyiatior:i; act is.continuous · Ye:s
Exceptions: The injury i.s compensapfe,:(W.ISE) .· · ..,.:.,...,..,...,.....--~·---·--,--·-·--=-cc··-----,.,.....---~-~
"•. 1. Whep the lnju·ry.is sustained when the·.employe.e (1 ·J:,ZUCE.N,A; -~Up(a ?l 550). · ..
f
I:
. is proceeding to odrom:his work in the premises· · Positional a_rfct'Lo~al Risk~·oodrine • · · . .. ·
. ; ·of th~ employ~r;· . .. . . .. : If an·employee oy reason of his 'd1.,1ties:js expesed to
2. !rigre~s:..Egr~ss/Proximity Ru.le ·_ .whe're the a-special or pec.utiar·danger frotri'the.elements, that
~, ··employee is apo1,1t to ent~:r or .apout fo leave the· is; one greater _tha'ri ~hat to' whic~. ottfe~ _persons in,
p,remise$ of his employer·'by ·way-of the excfusive· · .. · the· ·community. are · e):(pO!ied, arid ·.-an. un~xpecte9

I.
t
:·-' ..
)._
~~· .
-.

~-
3 ..
or c.ustom'ary means c;ir ingress and egre;;s;
Special Errand Rule :... Wh.ere the employee
charged,'whiie on his way to or from his place o(
'employment or. ';!It -~.ii. horhe, .. oi:. duri,ng his
employment with some duty·or ~peplaf errarid
. . .cfonnected with -his employment'; or :.
4. . Extra. Premises Rufe/Shuttl~ ··sus Rule - where
. th'e employer,· as_an inc.ident to the .employment, ·
is

.
: ·
injyry . ~ occur~, the .'·.injury·. · 'is.' 'compe'nsable
AZ1:JCENA,

Other R.eievant'Docfrjnes
..

1 .. Proximate.Cause Doctrine
~upra_
at 5!)2-5,53). .
.

.
.

.
.

·. The ·proximate l_eg.€31 cause fs _that" acting first and.

. producing the . iilju,IY either. im111ectfatefy or·. by .
setting othe'r eveht.s in 'mofio·n.They constitute
c1 ·.

r~ - .
. . provides the mea'ns of trtmspo_rtation'to_aild from a naturai and continuous chain of events, each .
. . the place · of employment.- (lloilo . Oock & · having· :a· ·erase· casual. connection · with· its
.
-Enginef?ring Co. v. Wee, . G.R. No. L-26341, . immediate. p!'edecessot (1' AZUCENA, supra.·at
Nqve:mber.27, 1968)~ ·: · · 529/,. · : ·

I .
::
.,·
.
2019 SAN SEDA lAW. CENTRALIZED BAR'OPERATIONS I 265"
 SOCIAL LEGISLATION
· ?AN:BEDA I.AW (:ENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS .: MEM,ORYAID 2019
~~~~!.?,~•Dlmlilllllllllll!.llll!lllllllllilimlll!ll
.... ll!l?~-1m
.. m111a:1Ama .. lll!lmwaaz11mPDJ1&!!&'.I
.. IIGll!llllmlllilllllll1Bi1111m:11111lilitrmmm:a·+i!aa
. Where .primary injury is shown to have arisenin · .. e. Acts done to further the Goodwill of the
the· course. of employment, every .natural· · . b_usiness (1 AZL!CEN~. supra at 5!13).
. consequence that ·flows. from. tlie·injury likewise ·
arises out of the employment, unless it ,is the Acts of Mfnistration
result· of an independent .intervening cause Those done · by. a person for .. the purpose· of
-attriqutable "to claimant's 'own. neglig·e.nce.. or satfsfying the call ofnature, such as: quenchmq
misconduct(Bela,:rnino v. ECG, G.R. No: 90204,. his thirst, relieving himselrby way of urlrration or
·May.1-1, .1990). · : · excretion, .etc. They. are deemed incidents. of
employment, so that lnjur'ies sustalned' thereby ".
General -~u'I~:-: Proximate: cause ·resu.lting to are· held compensable (1 AZI/C,ENA, suprs .et ·
· injury ls an 'injury arising out _of theemoroyment. · 543-544).. . ·.

,Excepilon: ·When·. independent intervel'l!ng .-·.Note: Acts. performed by the .employee within
cause ensues.attributable to 'claimant's fault.. .the ti[!I~ and space _limits of. \he .empl'oyfTl~nt· to
., . . ~. .· . rninlster to personal. · comfort; ·. -such as
2. ·. 24-Hour Duty'Doctrine·: ·. ·. · satistactlon ofthirst, ti.unger or' other physical ·
.. Unde.r fh~ ·, 24--hour duty doctrine; members of . · · · ·. demands .or to .proteci oneself from ·excessive-··. .'
tire national' police- by the. nature. of their . . cold or heat, shall 'be deerned.Ipcidental 'to the
tunctlonsare technically on duty:24.holl.rs a daJ!=_,,......,....,,,,~ employment . and. infuries, suffered in ihe ·
.• e~c7pr whe_n-th~}'. _ate.
_on -~acation. le.ave.::ire~!h11 . i 1. ~l\t~{!:11anceof s_uch. _aqts sh'all .be cons!der-ed
arisu:1g from police S!,!rv1ce,. alth_.9~h.~t JI} IL.) .1\f
COfnP.~11~aple· and, ·arising out of an.d m _the
· officlal .. line.: pf· ·auty ·.· is .' c9-tJ1Mn~b]ji;;JJ:.-.--=x:c-~-opur~~...0f.~mployment (~cc; Circular No. 03-
A°f.UCENA, supra at 535). -_/;,/' . V/ : ~~.idul.Y...2s,\~oo9). ·. .
. . ' . f,:.,~';)lf ...-~- -~'{";!' \·. . .
. Fo~ ~he purppse ~f det~11J)l!:l)D'g,,c1~eirs;bili~yl cf . :'{( .~P1~~p.\ .'
of inJury or d~ath sold1elS aRt:,l~~~hcer·en.an'd .&ii~ j~ . The\fact {ti~t an 'ym'ployee ·Un_intentlona11y falls
I
.· ·. :·: .· . . .
even firemen by'the nattff~ of'th~rr wo,r· may be-! . . _asle;p wh11~0/t)$trestingat·a proper time ·and
, considered ?'n . duty ro~rtitt-r11c1oc~:1 etrC:tli'!
i.. ~P,Wc' .. does\~ngJ..,._!!.~.~?ss~rily:_de'p~i~e .hirn of_ the-·
d9ctr1~e. wh_it~ ,t re1~~~~fffie~~brk0p1a9.e:t~C?'. ;.._
r 9
t;(.,~;.ng~~ to. c~rwf::~n,a~oo for· an. ,~1ury. received
doe~ !lot d_1spen:=,e ~w1fh)tw·f.wo_rk~c?~n~ct1~n,..~ .......-:-"':;:, · wh1~ so sl~~pmgr1e;J,ccE:pl~~-en his du~1es _are of ..
reqLJ1s1te. (GSTS v. :· C1
<,§J~~gr:~. .>R• .J:!6:~.:.:...~~~;.uretas .. to.:~fquire-tilm_ to remain ,awa!<e, ·
.128524,-Apr'i/_20,_ 1_999}:\(f)\:-. "~ ~\:/\ij, ~ ,jf}ii,1t~i~~,l?fia
7 watc;t,i:nan '.1 A7:7-'£?E:NA, .
·. r.:,~onligMing,.·or· rei"nderinb:_~E;irvi&es. t ·~r~~e~~-". '~~""'~~- .;! . . ; ··. .· .. ·
· part1es r~sultif'!Q_ in· iryjufy\f:>r _d~a,th'Whe~~(~t~e'~~~Vnch ,!'. ·.. j · · . .. . · ··~ . · · · . . ..:
. s~me 'is nQtwork~con~ftcted~~r;i'ot t~ReiJ~J;l~~Cq~nsa~ble '#hE':n injµry c:iccurred during·IUn(?h ... ·
. (G.S/$. v. CJ,\ & _Alegre, G.R: ~ 1-2!J,?J..4~?!~-~->~et[oo~:~~tier:~e .. :~~~ng ?f the· lunch o~
_.20, 1999).: I,,' ' . . . ·•(:Slurli'}'
~ ~. ' ~ enupJ,_p es; .premis.es Was With ,,the em~!oye_rs,
. : . · .. . . · . · .· • .. -~<~' 'i.
.· . -~ A. -t'kbo~g·e.~-~d CQ~Sel').t, · ~xpr-_e~s.' u'r .-implied,·
N.ote: Tbe 2+hour duty d9-ctnne s))ou.la'>f,1.Q!..._~ lV...i.r-,.."".~e"ept ~tien 1t results from·~n ~nde_pendent act
0

. swe·eping~y applied . to ----"-ef

ail' . · aets ancJ?"' . the -er:nployee h~V(l'\g no CQfihection With his ·
, .. circutrlstari.ces causing the.. _qe~th of · ~ •. pqlice.. ·, 0ork or' m,earl or if.t~'e,employee at-Ule. time was , ·
.offi.c~r but O.fllY to tnose which,. althoughi not' o.fr· . i'ri a piace .wh~re .he had. rii:night .to,be. (Id.),.
official: ljne 'of·.duty, :'are·nonetheless' basically· , •' , I ·.· "- , ' , '

police ,s~rv.ic~··ih .charact.er. {J:"an9inco. 'v.' GS/S; : .. ·. Union Me~t111g · · .....

G.R, No-:.1n91{?;November ~6, 2001).· .·· .. · ·
,- . '3.,. Incidents of.Employment Doctr:ine
.,. .. Injuries_ sµstain.tid.in.· connectfoi:) wt°th aqti; wl')ich
"are reasoi:iably incicjental to ttie employment are
deemed. ari~i.ng 9.Ut.of SU_CIJ. employmenJ;· ttiu~ . : .· •
compem;a~1e·. Such.. im:idents· of:..work. include: '
(PD-B~G)' · . . . ... ·, .... : . ,
a .. · Acts: of .fersonal ministrali.on for.the! comf_ort
or·conv,eniel"leeoflt,e employe~:·. . ....
,b: S!ight];le,vi.ationfwm .work, tr.om curiosity or..
otherwise; . . . . .. . . . . .
· :c .. · Acti,_for-the. .!;!enefi~_of.th~. !3mpl9yer,
d .. Acts.In §merg_enqiei,; and .. · ..
fojury rec::e)ve(:f :at un'ton::.me'etfng .is· n.ot
compensable, not being· an !nJur.y arising. out'of
.. .'·· , a·nd in the course·ot.em'pl9ymeht'('/AZ.UCENA,:
supra at-5~6)._ .· · ·. .. · .
. Acts'°for the. B'erieflt ·oi the Em.ployer . : . . .
lnjury-.arising. out: of anc( in the~·course of his
. ._em()foyment. . is.~ C~m·p_E'.ln~able . bec.a\Jse. the .
.. ernployee's. :act ·el'.lha,nqes the prestige 'of. the · ..
. -em_ploy,e'rand resuits· !n incre~sed 'patronage of· .
, th·e service·ot his employer (1 AZUCENA; supra,.
. . .at_54_7f .· ·· · · ·. · .. ' · ··
·

266 j. 2019 SAN BEDA LAW-CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS .

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·soClAL LEGl'SLATIO.N·
.. SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAfl.OPERAi/ONS - MEMORY AID 2019
i1M meis
* AGIPBIES Mbi&MM • 5 ADMWW M#fSll&is1tA&ffi AF q
..
D'oing Work at.Home 2. When an employee's. trip tends· to serve .b?th
rt is compensable when injury is· sustained from · buslness and. 'personal purposes," ' it. is
work at home done pursuant to the terms of' the considereda 'persons! trip if the employee would
contract, express or implied; or pursuant to the have- made· such a trip in spite of the failure or
direction cir. request . of the employer, except; absence .of the' business or offiCic!I purpose; and
when . work at home is done voluntarily by. the . if the employee would not have made the hip
employee for his own convenience (td.), . ' . because· of the failure of the' private' purpose
· · .. . : thereof, and the non-fulfillment 'of the. business
·Acts during En:re'rgency. ·.. . . purpose. ...- · .
Injury sustained while.doing an act outside ttie However, if the employee.would have made the
. SGOpe of his usual duties where such. act was . tfiP. nonetheless despite- the failure 'or absence
. reasonably necessary or·incidentai to his regular .: of the private .purpose thereof, the trip is held a.
work, partlcularly it an emergency existed. And . · ·busin'es,strip;'erid · . ·· -,: · . . .
a·lthoughno ··emergency.or reasonable necessity 3. Wliether a trip to pe'taken 1bY.an employee in the
existed callin'i:J for the performance of such act, . ·.. 'interest of both the employee and his or her
workman is-allowed compensation if.it was done employer is to be regarded as the latter's, so as
in the furtherance-of the ernptoyer's.businessor to' warrant allowance .or . compensation for
. pursuant tohabit or custom (1 AZUCENA, supra · injuries the employee may suffer· in the course
at 547-"548). . .... ' . . . .. . . there9f,.od'1e' employee's interest, is in a sense
?· · /')' . a question - of fact. Such a questlon must be
':".r 4> Spaciaf Engagement Rule .. i"(~'.;)l
· determined by the application o( some. legal
i.·,;_. . 'special Enqaqernent Rule covers . field· t,nP,S,i'/t·,o:,\ tests or.standards '(1-AZUCENi,'supra at 550-
outings, lntramurals and. plcnlcs when initi~\fi~ .. : \t;,\ . 551). · ·
· and sanctioned Q.y the employer · (The ES.Pp, { ,_. ,,-i rz:»; . _...., . '.
. Joumei, Vol. II, Nos._ 1 and 2 (1990), p. ~§J{.7. c.:.:::.'f;-;:f,IU::&9ll~!:!/r~(~Jeure _ _ ..
·- . · , · -__...-"';:/' ~ tJ, · Gene'ral;R.ule: .Employer is· riot responsible for_·
Where __ an· employee is · injur.(g,,.·rwhile af.l:-:Ji. accidenij~rising· from.ecte of God, hence not
recreation.durin~ .a temporary ces}.a,JJo~.of:~o,~~,,-,..,···1,\, comp~~s-al>~f (1 AZ4;JCENA,siipre ";:it 5q2). ·
1hEl injuwis compensa.ble. as:,~,r.is}ng}lwt.:of an.d ·. I;! Jl · ·~ · · . _ · · . . . . ·.-
. .' · f
. in , th~_: co~rse ._' of. ~~p~~Jfllent ~~~? th~\: .t:\ Exc_w.titjp: . \: .
= · · ... · - . . : . . : . -

.. recreation_ ·inqul_ged · m{/~'f.l}S !~t~,red".an?'•, l":'5. · . Po~on~.'--~~~~ca.1nsk~ do_ctrme . .. .

ei::icourage~. f?Y ttJe emPJAyerc--:to~(]l)eno:.:;:9f: ·t-;,1_ . ~t~~n]fr.i!i1.·m·~fi~i.'courseof. his· e~ployment .~
efficiency.of their service·(1'~U9f!tf1'.·,-~upt:li'i!J- - [-;~_J reas~~a!Jl~.:r.~'qi'.iiredto.be· at a particular P.lace at . ,
551-552)' : _ .'<:.~!'Y''°:,\. · 'j/ ;.;/. . ·a particular t1~e'::!n<;I ther~ meets _an·accident,
. - -. JJ
,~ r:, •· - .· .J~,w,....711althou.gh one)Nh1~h.any.other_pe~son then and·
5. o'ual . Purpose·· and Mingling of<Rurposes .J'::~.~·,r\,11there pre.sent woulcl have met.irrespective of his
O'o<?t.rjne .. -_ ·- . . . . . . . t'Y'. . . /~/.:X::.t.;~~:.:d~.cen{j,f<:1~ent,. ~hat_accide,nt i~ o.~e aris_in,g out. of
Dual·. Purpo:s~ Do.ctnne . C'C(~S.!derslt..;
as. -.... t,hl';' .employmeh~ 1f'the ,person IS so Injured· (1
. compensable a11 .injury that an<,i~m~loyee A?l:JCENA,supra at552-5{53).
,sustaii:is while . on .a .. tri'p undertaken'.1for ttie' ·· · · ·
benefit. of .the e.r.nployer eyen if in the 6,ou~se · As~ault of-an Ernpl~'ye~·May. Be C'o~sidered
th.ereof the en;iployee.-pi!rs~~s. also a persona.I . ·an Accident .· . . , .
purpo~e (1·1ZU.<:;ENA;-supia.<'!t 55()}.' . . . An.· :·"assault,." although .... resulting from a_ ·
. . 'deli~rate act of the .s.layer,. is. considered .an
·.· _. ·. ~est: If th~·;_,.,orkof.the e·mployee tends to'freate . :. ~ac_cident''within 'the meaning of tlie law. since ·.
-- nec(;!Ssity for'tra_vel, e:mployee··is deemed in the
. .
the word !accident" is. intenoe'd. to . indicate that . '
-"the a6t CciUSing the in)ury s.hall be p-~sual in the .-
.•:··. . · . cou.rse "9f_ employment, ,albeit' Elmployee serve$
~>- at the'same. time sor.ne person'al purpose. The· . :sense of being uriforeseer:i·i,!nd one for which .
· req1,1irement is'that the servic~ of the empl9yei' . the. injur.ed. party is not. leg'ally responsible'; (1
· is at least ·a. concOrrerit c:ause of.the trip of the ·AZUCEN~. $Upra at 554).
etnploy~e - (EC.C:Reso'tution No. 9!1-08-0469, .The death•.ot·an employe-e due. to a mu~deraus . :
1<-ugust;11•. 199[}). . .
assal!Jt . is, co_m~ri~able . when .the .same··
· ' occurred in the course. of the performance ·of
The Appli'catio~ of. this Po.c.~rimfls subject lo t-he
official fun<;:tions (ECG ·circula/.No: 03-709, II
foilowing guideline_s: . : .
. (a); ..J~}Y22; 20~9). .
1: . A. aori(ingehcy or' injury an . employee. suffers·
· d1:1ri.ng a trip t~a.t ~erves both business and The motive ot assault need not be establi~hed it
.. personal-purposes.·is deemed 'Withinthe c,ourse . the covered employee susfaineo . the (hju ry
of'empioyment; . . . ·.. : . . .. . . while: .

: 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTR:A,LIZED B,AR OPERATIONS I 261

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socui, LEGl"SLATION·
SAN BED~ tAW"!:ENTRAllZEO DAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID ;019
. l

WWiN t. I W#IHICN . . 4+ I AMt:JbtxitfiO&t +¥9HP21

. a. Th·e employee was ·. p.t- th~. No Compen~ati:on if · the Injury, Death, or

assigned/designated workplace; or Di~ability ls the Result of the Employee's:
b. · The .. employee was ~xecuting. orders· of . (WINO) .
~mployer, regardless of the time ahd place 1. · Willful in~ention to . injure or kill : hlrns~tf- or._
bf the-incident (l=CC G/fculaf No. -03--709, 11 - another; ··
(P), July 22, 2009): . 2. Intoxication; .
3. t:l_otorious negligence;: cir .
. M,otive Of assauli is important in C?Ses where the· 4·. . Qlherwise· provided by the Labor Code ((ABOR
covered employee was on vac.atlon leave, 'pff-. ..CODE, Art: 178):: •
duty, or was at . home when . the· .. incident .
happened. Qisclosure. of the .motiye 1s "an aid. in · l"ntoxjcation ·
determining t_he causal c61i'neclion between tbe The "intoxication" w_l:lich· will preclude compensation
incident·and. the employmerit ·(~CC CircularNo .. for-injury res.ulting ·t(:lerefrom ·consists in be;'ng under
03-709,· 11. (c).,.July22, 2009).·. ·; · · .·: · · the: influ·ence ~f into_xicating liquor to the _extent-that
. . . ~ . ... . . . ··.. . . : . one is· n·9t_ entireJy himself or sb _that hi.s ju_d_g_ment is·.
Rules on· Injury· or .:Death hf the -Cotirse o°f . impaired, ·B;nd his c!ICts, words, ~r conduct is visibly
· Assault: . ·· · . . . .· · . · · impa_ired. _(1 AZUCENA;supra at 587). ·
: a. When . the. _injured:. was the· .. urilawfu·I · .
·· aggressor,:·- not: compensable (Ma,buhay __ : ~ lntoxlcatlon · which _:does not incapacitate the·
· ShippinrJ Services, Inc. v. NLRC; $.fi,f"'N6.-:-;-
9,4167, Jan~ary 21, 1991);_ anc&:?"':.·~ LJ0 . ·
'ff'r'!pJSfi.:~e
1·1f.Fc1~11t~,!~feat.
9, When· the ·injured was .tt,~;::v,J,~fift\·p~th~---=.:Jli\~ghJtli~-\t[1to.x1cat1onmay be a contrlbutory ·
· from followinq '.his occupatlon · is· not
the_ recovery of -compensation, .

assault and it occurr.7d-.J~!~et~is~f ·. · ~u~" oJ,~~-;~j~ry (GSIS v. Mec_ey,e;-G.R. · No..

perf~rmance of -~fffcrajt g _}..tin9~s.,..-~J'h""';d.~18~,~~l~.:1.~~07)._. · . . ·
·· compensable ·(Lente;a jv,.~e<,f G'fR. N~~ nr; .. , °:"i\ '\"'""' ..?"'\ 't!I . . -,
· · , 89168, May 14, )99.1J ,-,~,,/}!:
. . . . l . A' _ ..
l ·.
JI. .
·Jr .:t~~d1ti,f1S'~'?;_t~r\ lntoxicatlon ~- _-t~ .. Bar
:-l.-ompe'l:satio~fJPl'1~) . . ,. . .
7. · Violati~n-?f. the E1"1plgfe"'"JJ:.~U_lg_afed»Rule~. ~,.,•.t....;tbei~ry,u~t\p7-t!~rowof actual Intoxication;
. Act~ ~1th!n the :~Ph~ref'l·p--hUmployrrent~.~t....,,. ,.-~P1~-1ntox,c~tif,lA""m*stbe _[extrer.neJ _10 s.u,ch a
carried ou_t · tn· _.YIOl;:ltl{n oJ,,f~Orne, ,erplo~~_,~ ~ ~de.grfe ~at tr.i~-~. . fll ~1.oyee~IS [ncapacltated ~r.<:Jm
. promµlgat~<;i rules· are q?fr.l~,i;i~ablr'wil: f·. ·:-- v= . su~sft~allyfj ·'eng_~~ing m employment and
a. The violatiqn of -the'-ruJe1,ts~lf aid- . o(btiJ1~ c:-P·e 9: ,}n_gW~f{f . .. · .
. about the cause hf -~~'~iaJc~, en~- roP-1ee Y1~~-- rri.tox1_c,1on"~.ulstbe the,-Ero~tmate cause of
.
· .,• .. · the fact that the- dnv\r· of .a ',t(ucl<\~~.,Jst.i. ~~ ~Jury .5J( d~~tn/and ·. . ·· .. _
· family· al~ng an. offici~~riP;, i,':, iolatl{{(l -s:_~, . ~ _ mto};tc_a~o~·lust·not only be the prqx1rnate
sta~dlng company reg.ul1;1,t1on, d~._ot... e~s:1~-....::--~~ _u~e ~r th~ lnJ,WY but the er:nploymE\nt must n_ot_
.· .. c.ompensatlon; . · .. '\.._. /~-:;.- ~-:-l£N"~b .-:~'.1'~g~tnbuMgcause (1 POQUIZ! supr._a ·at
_b ... There_ w~s. ~~~bt _th~t .th,e.e~lqy~Ef~:lit0~-::"':~~\,;:)()/_.. . . . · .. · ·. . ·.
. of the proh1b1t1on. ~1olatron th~F.ebf ~J"hot. 1· ~ 1stcf.t~\~ 1$te'd')n]4rles
.. d::3te.~t c~r:n1?ensat1on'.. ·._espe~,;if~..::_"the: .. V.ll:L'.f.b.~jt.jfy ~Ost be intentior:ially ~elf-inflict,ed, w~ich
and Suicide~· · · . .

. viol~t,?n d!~ not _cause_l~~ a?c1dent; .arnf"~ontemplate~a delibera_te · intent on· th~ paft of the
c. The .violat,o_n "."'as..not.1nt_ent.1?n~)-but due to ·. · employee, not a failu're oh his part<to · realize the
c~.relessn_<:ss .: or, n~~hgence, .-· pa.mpl~:.. : . probable consequences' to himself ·of his foolish act
. v.,,he(e. the efJ.l_ployee_ v1olateq a pohcy of the· · · (1 AZUCENA, supra :at 587). · · · --
er)'l_P!oyer,. oil otders of t_h~ mp.nager uh.def· . . : · · .· . . ··· . · · . · · ,
. w~om .fie ·worked, the ·,resulting injury .was · · Note:'~ufficient pro<;>f qt insanity or mehtal sickness
c.om·pe.n_sabie {1 AZl:l.CE!yA,. suprt:i"·at·!J60-. · · ·. may be pres~nted to .negate the _require'ment of
.'·.·. 56·1). · · · ·. · · ... · ·willfulnei,s _as .a .matter··ot. ·-e.ou,nter7~efense./Agile
. · MaritimeRespurce$Inc. v.·Siador; G.R. No. 191034 .
8. ·Bunkhouse· Rule . · . -·:.. · .. . -~ Qctobe_r1, 201·4). · · · . · · . · · .... · '
Wher,e·-the employee': is required tb. stiiiy.. in .the·
premises o_r Jn quarters. furnisbed by the -G~netal R.ule:. No· cC:impen~atlon for. djsa.bility-and
employer, .'injuries:susfained .therein are in the death resulting fr9ni a deliberate or willful act ori his
.... co"urse 'of el'!'lployment regardless ofthe"tir:ne the . ?Wn.life (M~buhayShippingSetvices, Inc., v. NLRC, ·
· _ · sam1;1.occurred (ECG c;irc'ular'No. ·03-709," I (d),· .G.R. No. 9_4167, January21, 1991) .. : ·
.. JUI}' 22, 2009).. · . · · . . .. · · .
Exceptions:
.· ... _ 1. By the. agi-ee.in(;lnl · of-' the j),ar:ties (NAESS
Shippiri"?} PHL .Ii. · NLR.C,: G.R. No:. 73441,
September4,, 1987.).;• and ·

268 201s SANl;iEDA ~w CENTRALizEo BAR oPERAt10Ns

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SOCl'AL LEGl°SLATio·.N·
.

~;~~ . M d ~7RALIZED BAR;:.:z~:u~~-ORYAID 2

. . SAN BEDA 019
tdl#
.x·.2. Wh~n the employee was no longer in complete . The deg~ee. of proof [Ei'quired is merely substantial
··~·. · . control of his rnentat faculties prior to his death -evidenca, which· means "such relevant evidence as
if•: . (/n(e;orien_t Maritim_e Enterprises v. Pineda, G.R. . 'a reasonable· mind might accept' .as· adequate to
~J.·:._,-. No.-.1154-97). . . support a,.conclusion .. It is· sufficient .that the
· hypothesis on which the workmen's claim is based
1~.:-.Not9.riQus Negljgenc;e is.:a dellberate act 'of the is probable since probability, not' certainty. is lhe.
; .empioye~· to" disregard his own personal safety (1 . touchstone (Castor-Garupa· . v.: ECG, ·. G.R. · No.
:· AZUCENA,.-supra at.589). · .. . 158268; April 12; 2006) .. ·. . .

./. General· .. Rule;. Not6rious'· negl_ige~ce resultin'g in . C~nc1itio11~· for Comi:>ens'abilify.of Occupational
·~: 'serious ·ir,ju~y or death. of. the , employee is not plsease and . ·Resultlr,g Disa~ility. or. Death:
.: : compensable · ($.olidum v. .GS/S; ECO: Case No. · · (REEP) -, · · .··
} ·. ·'406{ November_23; ·19[}8) .. · · · · , -. 1: ·Employe·e'.s work and/or.the.wo.rking conditions
, must inv?lve · the·. B)skls_ that .-paused the
\'i · Exceptions; · • development of the 1lfne.ss; . . ·
eit;:. · .) . Latk of imo.wJedge or awareness. of .the peril or 2. The disease w·as contracted as a result of the
fr tfie seriousness or the exisflriq danger; dt employee's .!;xpos.ui'e'to thedescribed risks: ·.
f: . 2, . 'The unexpectedness, under. tJie circumstances, 3. The diseasewas contracted withl°n-th~ period. of
"~-: · · of t~e accident'(1 AZUCENA, supreet 589-590). gxposure ~nd under such factors necessary-to
..; :
'.
• •
_., ·. .
•
.
•
.·
:
, .
-,c •••
,/"'-,- .
• t ·1 lt; d
ron rac ! ; ah . . . '. · .. . .
SICKN~~S AND OCC_UPATIONAL_DISEASE /;:;:--;_( 4. There was no ~e.hberat~ act onthe part of the
: . ·.. . . . · . . . . .. · · ( , -{ / · · "-. . · . employee to. disregard the safety mea~ures or
Sl<;kness i$_ ~ny illhess d1;3fin_itely accep,ted as: \'.f:'0 '· ' .\_,'.'\ . ignore -~st<;iblished · waming ·.. or '_precaution
1 .. Qccu_p_ati.on~Idisease listed by.the .' . ;, (<.'.:d~;.~,--.:.(Amen<J.f;d Rules orrEmployees' 9orilpens.ation_
.. · Co~_m1ss19r-1;·_or ·. . .- . : : . . ..(;/.(;: _ _.,-j;,:~:".:t1•:i?(?O.J:/!lt'ffqnex A, p. -27). · . · ·. · · ..
2.· Cau,sed ~Y employment, ~ubJect to pr6cif'that'-.J J( · --·~•!.!......,;t::t "" · ·' . . . .· ·
,. _ : the n:51< of conyac;;ti_ng:the..same i~-:J(e~eased·by\ __ 1 . · E_xampl_es W~!«~cr~ased Risk" Jops: .(_PG-CLIP)· ..
~:. . · ·work!ng cond1t1ons (LABOR COfi!J;,f71rt: 17~-J':..J\S 1. eeacei~~ef?i~gJobs:: · .. : · .. ·. · . . ·
,:,_ '. 'par. (/)). . · . ·· . . . . ...,,tf~c1.::=:;,' ?_ [;l? .. 2.. .)ob ?f)§~1ar~tngp~OpQity;_ . . . .'. . ·,·
·~. . - ·1 ·· ,...17' f~~ ,. , fi\ 3_. Job· ·fvol1ving,~atTylngOf· .1110iley and valuabf<::i's; .
...,_. .· ·unctei-:., ~ec. 1 (~). ~ule._-111, ii].il'l:!l~~en.tifo~.P.D. N&~·- ),::\ 4. J~~px_po~ing~e employee to.direct contact v.,.ot~
}"- · 62_6, ai;.am.~n~ed, for the deat_hl~t9o.e.~1::~iP.~~s~J~-- ~;;~ : ~~~~~~~':;J~~-~fl\.l;i(1.e. b~rte.nder,. bµs .or- tax,
-/. · clatmc'!n.ts must prove·that: . -..i. . {("..:..-:<;"t· ~t·}· fF-; · dnv-E~!,r~9Hqy,$J.or)(BaJf!ngas, -r:ransportation Co,·
,: ... 1. ·H_i~ sick~ess was)he"result~ffr.11;9ccft~atlon,rl · t':J · · v. Ve/a Oi:FRiv~ra, G.R_, ~o·: L- 7_65?, N!ay__8, ·.
h · d1~ease ·Hst_ed \mde_r· ~nex. A~§f·th~ Ryles 'of :· t,;._ : 1gsf?); . . . · : .- . ·.. , .: ·. :-
~! ~roployees Comperisatiqn,:or . · ("c._,_~~. . · ,t:,!i·,.,~ l:),,~·~,J99 _exposm~ the employee ~o !llr:iess; and . . .
(. · ·.2. · The · risk: · of · co_htracting ·'the tdi.sease· ..:W<}~~,.,,,•9 ~-~~~~!l1_\1'.9l:ving frolo~ged .sittlng:down -a11d putting
·': .· . . ···i1:1cr~as~d .by his,wor.king. conditio1~·~ (Bar.qo.l v. _off _urination (B_arrios,.v: EC:.C, G.R,:f\Jo,· 148089,
f. . · : E~C; G._'~:.No. _148089,-M~rch _2_4.~~~tj. ·. Ma~ch ?4, _200_6). · . _ .
~ ·occu'J)aFo~~I D'is'eas~is on·e which,res~·ltst'roh'i the· Test qf Cbrripensa!)il.ity, · . · : .< ·. · , ..
· .:natl;Jr~. o~ , the. :employrnet;it· _1;3y. n-at_1.:1r.e.· is 1rieant . What the law·requi~e~)s reasonabje\vC?i'.kcorinecti<;>n .
conditions. 'to. wflich _c;11f' employees of.' a·· ciass are· · . and not a dfrect causat' relat.ion.: l.t is -suffident that .
subJe'ct, ~nd which.pr.odu.ce· ttie disease· as a 'natur.al . the hYPottfosls on·· whic:h .ttie. workmen's ·claim, is:
ir:iclden'tofa partict1iar:occup·~tiori:(1 PO QUIZ, supra:· . based. is probable "since .probabliify, riot certajnti, is
. fit5.osr . . '. . . . .· . . . . . the' touchstone (Castot-G'anip!:Jv. ECG, G.R.- No:
158268, · April 12, 2006)_. ... . · · ; . :_.. · '
. Theory bf Increased.Risks".·. . .
.If. the ··ailmen( ·-is ·not . induded in'• 'the 'list 'of . Ther~ must'be a proof of causal cori'nectio'n'betwe~n.
f . occup~tional diseases, the 9laiinanJ has. the. 01,irden} the disease and his work. The· claim'ant "Cannot ,
· ot proving that the.11ature. of the!' werk 'increas'ed the me'.eiy: rely_ on. p're_s1:1ry,ptio:n of-.c·auiality in favor bf
risk of.c1;mfractiqg·tf'le_disease'(GS[$v.. CA. .G.Ft No. · cqmpers~bility of an lll(less without' estabiishing Qr.
1 ~{208;:Ja.nuary '28,.200l3). . · .. even mentioning the risks that cot.Jld.have·caused or
/.:. .,, ·. . . . .: . . at lea'st. contributed to - the disease·. contracted
i . For: ·i~cr:e;:ised"risk f~eory ·to -~PPIY. in ,.CO'!'Pei.)s~tion, (Talo'sig·v. United PH l;.ines,, Inc., $.R: No. 198388.
·\ · .ca~es;· ·there must be· a· reasonable· proof. that tbe July 28, 2014): · ·. · '.' · · · ·
;~ . : empfoyee.'s. worf<ing e<;>ridition, .· incre~ed his. risk pt .
Note': Where the cause, of the d.isease is unk(lown,
, contrac;tlng. -~· d~$e1 .or that there. is: a ~nnecUen
the .:theory of increased .risk becomes applicable
\ · between his wo·rl< and~ caus~·ofthe disease (G$/S v.
(PfJnotes- v>ECC, G:R. No, L-64802, September ~3;
Bf!sita_n, -G.R.·.No. 1·78901, _Novem~_er23; .2011).
1985). .

2919 SAN-~E(?AlAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS ·, 269

 .
·:I·,
SQC·IAL ,:L.EGISLA Tl.ON 1
SA'r~. BEDA IAW
. CENTRALIZED
. . BAR OPERATIONS
. - . AW 2019
MEMORY

su·mmary of.Ernployees" Compensation Benefits Extent of Services. ·

1. Services · . The.employee is entitled only to ward services o(a.n
, a. Medical services (e.g .• ward:services) .. . accredited hospital and accredited physician. If an
· · Note:· ·The medical services are' limited to .. · employee chooses an accomrnodatiorr better than
. Ward services of ail accredited hospital and ward: services. the eXC9S.S Of the total amount Of
accredited physician {Amended Rules on · expenses incurred over-, the benefits, ·shal(be borne
Employees' Compensation (2014), Rule by the employee (Amended Rules on· Employees'
.Vlff); : · ·· . . ·: . Compensation (2014); Rule.,Vf/1,.:Sec.3). . ·· .
b. Rehabilitation services. (Amended Rules. on · ·, · · · · ·· ...
~mpfqyees' Compensation.(2014), 'Rule IX, Note: ·-'.Ward" · '1means a hospital that · can
· as ariu~nded:byECC. Board Resolution No. . .accornmodate 6 or more patients (Ainerided Rule«
14-07-19, series· of 2014; February 19, on' Bnployees,. Compensetion (20.14); RuU/.illll,
· 2014); · . . . . . . . Sec. 3/ · '.
c. · Physical tehab.ilitatiqn ·. (e.g., physical · ,. · ·
· therapy) (ECC B,qard Reso1u(ionNo. ··14.-07, The System nas the authority to choose or order a
February 19, 201.4);' · · : · · . chanqe of. physician, hospital .or. reh~biliti1tion f<'.)cility ·
d. · Vocational . assessrnent/traintnq . (e·.g.. . "for the employee and shall. ricit be liable· for
. . Vocational education) (Id.) and · compensation for any ag·gravation9f the employee's ·
· e .. Vocational placement'(~.g:, job plac¢m~,,_.,J!]~ or· -sickness ' resulting ·from· .unci~thorize!;i
. · · . . (Id.). · . .,,/-' · if. ;· ·.ihap1Je~y the employee pf-'· medical services,
2. · Cash lncom.e. Benefi~s (Lossfi·· ~time \_ )l:j~~l_i~f'CE:?~is~~pli~s. hospitals •. · .. rehabilitatlon
. Benefit} due to: . <""\ ;,.
~·/"" ~.1'.....="',.;.-,,:a:;f~1li1iesor pliy~1c1ans
a: Temporary To~I D(sab(li\lt' . ~~~. ·_ .' : '::-~ .. ~')> ·.. . · . · ·
(LAB QR C,ODE; .~'!· 1.92).
. · . "
. b. · . Permanent Total D1sab~J ; ~.;r .
' -, c.· . Permanent Partial DisJii?l[JY-1,.apclf:;,r
.,....,,-,..:~~_,....._DISJM31clt(~~Y' · , -~
.'r!'J} · 'lf': ~t!t.'1~_a"!tflo~i:9i;}lr;ij1\1!m:ient
' .
of aphysicalor mental
d. : Death. . , J.l V.·f . .ff . 1r.' %J~ ..fl~mcti9n\resu~!'19 f!Olif.l mj1Jry ·or ~lckn~ss (LAEJOR
... 3, .Carer~s allow~nce"- ·pr~vided ~ an ~mploye.e
· who .suffer~ from a· wor~-b2Pl1icted pi'rf,:icJneii'l'..•. 1 •~1 ·, .\ ,__.,..41
·&~ CODE, 1rf. .J78.(@f) \

. P.~rtfai'and pe~man~nttcj,tat:di~<!'bility,~ ,d.caAr,rc>'t_?jf{(!~is:~bii.ty compe'ns41ti~m,'i~

:.
· . ·
·
.
_ is.!°lo.t the.inj_ury which
. :: aUl;lnd to their n~eds ("F,£f;i,llffe;>Drcl. R.,.solulkJf~ef.m.iL1iwt~rr:Pn.saJe~.tb1:1t:r.al1e.r·1t 1s th~ mi;:ap~city to w~rk_ .
No,. 90,·12-0JJ90 ,n re1,i~15.f.,....,t~:EtOJJ.fjp, 1!4~<re~ulti,!'l,i:t,J~~ 1~n.>asrry-iiT1t-ofo.ne's~arnmQcapacity
. (20·/3)).. . .' . . . i\ t,. !(Vj, ~\: . }'...£":3i ·I , ,i{[iT-ffi ~hipP,/n~.;,6bJ.Unc., · .v, .Ba/a{;fCJ, -G.:R No ..
4 .. Dea,th ~e,:ietlts ~ gmnlur\o l:lt:N~fi~14t~\},t~.1~ 1¥-..:.f.9~~3~ , . s.rc{Jf3,~d1A1 ;., . · . . .
employ.13~ 1~ the event of\ork-co~nectetl"tiec:ll~ ~k~Y.
... ,.. ·1 ·.if· . ·. , ... · ·. ·.. . ·. · ·
.. Pei:ith·.'~_nefi~S ~ha,11. ~rs,9.\_~e g,1}~te_d"t~(t.~,.Aa-rejr6rie.~~of.D1sa, 1htr · , . . · · . .
. .b1:mefic1a.nes in .c.ases wh~r~ the ca~~~ .0r 4\fi"'e"J~\:~l'er:rJ!X>ral'.}'. Tof'.il Q1~a~~hty. · . . :-. ' .
~.eattt-.·of .th,.e:ef!lployee is_ .<'.)~on;iph~ti~~r-..cI ~';b'i'!?a:r~IJ,,!!of.«nJury:or_s1<;:k~ess, the ~mployee 1s
. t1at.u,:al· c,onsequence of h1s/he~,~of{i~f.~~le<:1~-":'4.rf@l,)t~~rfor:m any· gainf.ul .'l?c::cupation for a
. permah?.),t'. tqtal · disability · (£@~.;.;......t:J_,<jard· ]\ f,l\:l,~n~~e!,Js·perfod .rio.t exc¢eding.'120 d<:1ys (1
. ·. R~s.olu~onN(!. "1.0-09~116, Septerqber.'2'i.~Zf?Jf1i~ .:.:._~-tJCEt:-JA;sqpra at ~11 ). :. · , . ·: . . ·
P.O. No. 626; as amended,Art. -UJ4,par. (b)). · .. . .. . . · . ., · .
' ·· · . . . . , . . , The :continuot1s,inability to work dul'l to- a· Wo'rk-'.
. . Jll!edical .Be~efits· . . .. ·: . related,illne~s ~or ~·peri<;>dof mote·thtm.140 days...
·• . Immediately after an employee contracts sickness or. . , rieed. not l:>Ef .qualified by a. d!3clafation of fitness
.. sustains· an. ,injury', he shall be proyided.·.by. ~t,-e... . . ·to work by a com'pany,design~tectphy~idan for
. System ·au ring the subseq\Je.nt,period of his disability : · .. it'to: b~.consider~~- a~.a per.~anen! total d\sability
. with.Su.ch medical. s.ervices and appliances 'as·tt:ie .(Barko)nte.mfltlOnal,.lrc., .v. Alcayno, G,.R.. No, .
. -nature.-of 'his s.lckness or.injury .and 'pr-ogre~s ot his. . 1,88'190, April 2.1, ~()14). :.. ·
...reco·v'ery may.i:equire·(LABOR . CODE, Art 191). ·: · t-··
. ~ .. . . .
Peri~d-.o°fEntitle.merit . . · ·: · .' . '. · . .
. . ~erio~ of Entitie~·~nt · . , . . • . . ··The lntoir,ie benefit ·Shall, b~ p.aici.'begi~ning ora
. The. s!;)):v.i9e.s·stJall be pr:~vided.'to.the. e~p!oyee: .: .. .. the'first day, pf such.disabUity. If i:aus.ed by an
. · 1. Beglnnin.g.wi.th ~he first day.ofinjury-or sickness; .. · injury.or sicknes~. it shall not·be p:,:iid Jongehtian
: 2 ... During the sut>sequent period of d.isabil)ly; and . ·120. cohse.c;;uii,ve d~~ ·except.where.s.uc.h injury
3.. · As the prdgf~SS of . hl~ 'recovery ·may. req1,Jire '·. .. or. sicknei;s stiil . re.quires'. r'riedical 'attendance
(Amen{le<! Rules on Emplpyees'.Compensation ~eyond 120 days' ~ut nano exceed '2.40 days· .
(2014),Rule Vlll,'$eo. 2).. · . from t~e ori~.et' of ctisabiliW,: in which· case, ..
· · b1meflt for ten:iP.orary· .total disability.':shall be
. paid. However. the System may dec;larethe,fotal
~nd pe~a.nent statu& at any time ~ijer 1~0· qays

270 f 2019.SAN BEDA.LAWCENTRALIZED BAR.OPERf,TIONS

 soeui. L·EGI.SLATIOf\t .. ·
of
EBIM

continuous temporary' . total.

(AmendeJ:IRules on, Employees.' Compensation
--··
SAN BWA LAW CENTRALIZEQ BAR OPE~Tl"!NS

disability ·
7 MEMO~Y.Aip,.2019. ·.'

. ,. : . \

assessment, a thira do~tor ~ay be agreed jointly

between the employer. and the Seafarer. !he·
(i014), Rule X, Sec. 2, (a)) .. · third 'doctor'sdectston shall· be 'final and. biridin~
on both parties (North See · Marine Sentices
Effect .of Relapse Corp., v.·Enriquez, e.s: N. 201806, August 14,
After. an employee· has.fully recovered from an. 2017).' · '. ' .
· illness as' 9u'ly · certified to 'by ttie··· attending ·
physician, the-period covered by any relapse he 'NQte: If the .. 120 days initial period is.exceeded.·
suffers, or recurrence of his illrtess, .whfch 'results and no' declaration of' the worker's ·fitness or
in. . disability . and is determined . to be' permanent dlsabllity to -work. is rnede because.
compensable, ·sh.all be considered independent : the seafarer requires further rnedical attention,
of, and separate from, the period covered by the· . · then the temporary totaldisabillty p.eriod may be·
oriqinal disability in. the computation.. of 'his . , extended'upto.a maximum of·?40 da-ys;·.suqject
· income benefit· 'for - temporary total ~fsabili.ty ·· to the right of tha.employerto declare within this
(E;CC ResolutionNo. 1029.;·August jQ, '1978) ... ·
- . . . - . a
period .that' -psrmanent partial or total disapility .
> ~ I already exlsts ('TUfaPingv, MST Marine Services'

·When Temporary Totaf DJsablflty Becomes · .Phils., t}R;·:No. 202113, June 6, 2cJ.18). · ·
Permanent' Total-Disabllity- · .· ·
An employee's ·disabil(ty becomes permanent . . Amount of Benefits·: · .l
and total when: . -· . . . .. . . . . . >~} . . lncome.benefit equivalent to 90% of his average
a. Declared·.' by· the . company-de~ignaj~efi%\. .. . .~aily-salary·credit subjecttothe following: ·
· physician (within the 120 : or .. 240{q~tl;j,;\ · a: . Benefit shall not be- less than _p19 or more
trea~rrient period);·or- · .. ·· · .. {f'..>:'·;·~·: ;~::.;j . · .
-thari P??~;·.hor·pa!~ longer th.an _120 devs, ·
. b, In case of:absence .ot S':]Ch ,a ·declaraJJ.q~~-- ~ ."··.:~~------ un~ess .lJ1JUry. ~r sickness requires more .
. eithe.r of fitness or permanent total 9isab11lt~.l'} ir'·' .. ·:.:
tf}h1~1;?.XlE:J'tsive treatment that lasts beyond 140
. upon· the lapse- of the. ·120: 9r.~2;{6-day""· [- · --...:_days·'.~or·exc.eeding 240 day.s from the onset .
: tr~atm~n~ pe~iod, ".°"h.ile. ·th,e:ye"!;Pl<>yeei~·t
d1sabihty_ -i;;on!1nues -and he_),1~1
engage .m· ga1pf~l .ernployn:ier:i~d).{.f~~1-sucll
9r~t?-~·JP'·":- r~ .
!.'-
.
·.of di~~tility, in Which c_ase h~ sh~!' be.p~id
bepe~~t /or te!:Tlporary tot:31 d1sab1hty dunng
. efaer},<ie\_penc;>g (P1 Q.00 - P200.00 per day, .
peric,>_d'. .. ·and: the · JpJi1p_any:q,e.srgrtat 7~ ;, faxil7iµfr\_29 days)·. (f,,:r,encf.'ed Rules: oh .
phys1c1an ·fails to t~fc!i'¥.~ ,ab)-<!, ~efirn~e-~ _) - _Jtlff(1..!?{9Y!!.ei. Co!71~ensat,on·(~~14), 'Rule _X,
assessment of . the. ·~l)Jpl9-ye-('P.}~~esst::or. . ~~ '· . · <;",;'~\ .~e:~g)~\~lfj-if . : · · ::
_ disf3bjlity (Alpha-ShiP:.lvt~f!aggt.nJ1,,jf.,Cor~}~·
·Cal9,. ~.R. No, .192034, ;Jf:1~1~,\2014)1 : • : .
,' r·t b: "B~e.nfksh"all b·e -suspended, if: employ. ee -.
failed t.o :5ubmit monthly-' tned1cal · report
. ··:· ' ·,. . .. . . '·. ,1' .. :1~ /. . ~......... . . <,,ertified by'.. aiterrdi~g .phy_st~ian' (tim.r/ndeq
Note: The mer~ ia.pse of the ·1£Q-d.a~Yperiod .. Jt.·~.;,,,·~~ . ..Ftu/esOTJ Eipployees'C.orripeµs'atl9n.(2Q:14),
itself. does .. not ·~ut.Om\:ltl~c)llY:ff1.arran\(ti!J1'if.>!::~.,z.i,:..~;:.:'~"-'"::':,q°W~.JY,·Sec. 5): .' · . · , ... :·_. . .' ... ·. ·
,pa'yment ~f. permanent. total disalj>-mlY.·.b.e,:t?fits. · ··
(9.SG·Shipmaoagement Manila v. P~l~;'M.~.R. 2. · Pe.r'r'nanent Total P.isabiiity . ,, .
. N,d 1983,67,August 6, 2014). · It. m~an~." incapac)ty. ~q._
peqorrii· g:a)~.ful · W?rl< · .
.. : · .. .. · · · .: · · · ! ·· · whic~ is expett~d·-to·.be.=.peffhanent. TliiS· st~~Us .·.
Qisagree-m!int .. · be.tween' '·~ C.on'lpany- . dO(;}S not' re.qui.re a con'ditfon qf 'CO!Tlplete ..
D~s.lgnate·d .: . Physici~n .aod .. : . · EinplQy.~e~ . tielplessnesS:. Nor. is it .. affected . by , the
Designa.~ed ·Phy~ic1an ·· .' . · perform<lhce of occasional odd JObs (AbaY;:1. v~
If a .doctor appointed by.the.seafarer disagrees ... · ·.· · .ECC. ~-R· N0.. 64255, August 16, 1Q$9); .
· ~with the.'assessinent of the c9rhJ)any'd~sign~ted · · ·· · · · ·
doctor.: a. third. doctor. may qe - ;rgre~d · jpintly- There· IS' per!TI.ane~Ltot~f disability. if as result a
~etween lhe employer· a·na·the·seaf~rer, ar:id U}e . of tlie injury or sickness, the employee is·unable ·.
. third doctor's decision:shal! t::)e filial and .bind(ng· · _ to pe~Orl"fl. ·.:_any :ga_irifui· ,.OCCUpat19ri: for· . a
.. on 'both· parties (Bahia· .$hipping Setyices v.: copti,:iuous period : ext?e~ding · .12-0 :d_ays : (1
. · . .Constantin9;·G.R. Ne. 180343; July 9, 2{)_14r · AZUCEN,i;,.; ~t.ipra at 612). - .. · · · ....
··- . ' . .
·'When a Thir~ ·o6ct~r May'.Agre~ ·. · . °Th~ following disabilities shall. b~ de.emed
· Seotion '20(B) ·of the· POEA,SEC ·provides, that · . :'. -'total:ancl .per.manerit::(TEL~PIN!). '., ' . .· .
,, the ·sEfafar:er is: 'entitled.· to ·sickr19ss: .~ilow.ince . a. Iemporary· , . total · : disab,ility ·•· lasting
•,, until he is declareq fit to w.ork. or:' the degree:of · continuously for.more:tlian"120.days, ·except
.,. · permanent 'disability.has been assessed by the . as otherwlse provided for in tlie Rules; ·.
company-designated physician !)ut .ih .no case b. Complete loss of sight' of bot~ gye.s; .
r:- · ',shall, this period 'exceeo 120· days. If a doc.tor c-. loss .'of two Limbs at or above the. ankle or .
f
·appointed by. the se~farer disagrees with: tl:l~ wrist; -· · · ·
?:.:
;,,.
.. _ ... ..
f
; 2019 SAN..BEDA LAW CENTRA\JZED BAR OPERATIONS I 271.
l
'i' ··:·.... ·.'; ...... ~. .
 .• v~
..,
SOCIAL LEGlS.LATION
. SAN'BEDA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS._MEMORYAIO 2019·
H iii IIZ&ifM eet %;.sutWNfiilMiffi AC aen&+-ciwwsa I

d. Permanent complete f~ralysis of two limbs;
e. · Brain injury resulting in Incurable imbecility
or Insanity; and · · gainfully employed,: or until his re;::o\iery•. or' death
f. Such :cases ·as determ,ined by the Medical .
Director ·of the System and a'pproved by·-the.
Commission (LABOR CODE, Art. 198, par.
.. (c)).' . .
Period of Entitlement· .
the monthtylncome benefit -shait be guaranteed
for: 5 -years, .. and shall be suspended if' the .
· employee is· g.ainfully. employed, or ·recovers.
· from · his permanent total· dlsablllty,· or. fails to
· present himself for .exarnination atleast once a.
. year .upon .notlce 6y the System, .. except as
, otherwise provlded for in other:·.laws,aecrees or · .
LettersJ:>flnstructlons (LABOR (;QDE; Art. 198 .
(b}). . . ' . .
Note: Benefits tfue an employee due to work·r~lated
sickness 'shall· be· provided until he . becomes
(Manioso v. GSIS, G.R '!o. 148323, April 29,.2005}:
As disti'nguished from Permanent tofal
. TM . test ·of whether an:· employee .. suffers from ·
"permaneni · total disability" is ·
a .. showing of tt1e ·
·capacity of the e'rl)ployee to conunue performing his
· work notwithslanding the disability' he incurred .
. (Vicente v. EGG, G.R. . No. · $5024; . Jan1.1a1J1 23,
199J). . ,' . . . ,• .
E~tning. ·capacity May· Still Be Impaired Even if
. ,Earri\rig.,is Higher:After the lr:ijury:" . .
An·
employee .who.recelves highe(. wages ~fter the. · ·
injury than what he,. earns _l?efore rnay .st1!1 have.
· suffered an impairment of.earnlnq capacity (General
-=-~~:_arera.bgri.Pedro v, O.e-L'ebii; G:.R. No. L-1~036'..·

·
. . . · .. . . . . . . .
.. N_Qt~:: ~n. employe.e !S e~titled to·perm~.~~,nt-1ot~I
~1s~b1l1\ybenems_1fth~·f1t-t~::wor,1<~9,e!ft~c_a~~n1s b
· . • . ·,.e::~:
.vu"'·J\{ -f)ecen:!._Q,fJr.28, 19.~7). · · ' ·
i' ~,~~ . . .. · .. · · .. · . . . . .·
. · .

· issued more than :.120 ~ay~ fro~r!'us(repptJJ~~..99,.""-= ...=-~jg!~S J~;-·'tJ'?,Jth an.d. d1sab1h!y· benefits are
, . (Valenzona · v.. Felr Shipping pgrno"ttiJl';}l);:f'G.R. · ·. . . gover,qfcl.b¥,-,P\e\~ontract. of'employ~ent-as long
No., 176884, -Ociober .19, 2ilv-~t~<~-.,,,...:~~S"°-;W~c'Q~tr_ary _tq,~aw, m~ral~. public order, or
· · ·· .., ,f.l,~h ·"' J. · .· i0 f ~,ubhc-~011~.~j \\ . ·.. . .
suspenston of Income 'enefitsl / 1.r .. .J~ .: .1~e em, (oyme~t of ~~afarers, including claims for
Monthly incom"E: b~nefjr can 1Pe.: s4spended · ~ death a:~ ~di~lii.!!jy°}l:l'enefits, is· qoverned by the
under: ~ny of the followl ·. ~qJfions: (fM~~.t . . . - c2~f!:a~ they .'~r~g"?-~~~ry_. ti~e
· th~y ar.e-·.h)r~d or·
a.· Failure of the_empl . qJ presel'\t hims..~fn. .;_"fefiired,pna as ~ong ~s~the stipulations therein are
for l;xaminatioti' at jeast<b~ce §l }.'.!ar_upbn_~J:!lWhit
',notice by the ~ystet,;1'..;t.~t -.n~i
I;> •. · F;ailur~ to.s_ubmit a· .~~erlif M~Jl; :il+repq, ,pi.
convary to 1.~w....iora1s; public order, ·o~ public
i·. ~--.::::::. policy.Jtf~aveltheforce 'of law between.the parties
;{<]:~:f ~:;,§hip fMaDag,~meryt /ntematidnal, Inc. v.
certifie.d by the atten~11\l_g ~h'5(sicia ;~~·,?;~ ~{ff:,J%."':t_"1 No:!175119,f,·Decemb.er 10, 2012). . .
\t' ,...,\y / · ·J · . .·
c. ~omple~e- or . ·full i,recov~'1v · fr~)
. pe,rmanent disability; or; · · · :·'\.~ · -. ·.
~~-
~><
d: . Upon bei.ng Qainfully ~ployed ·f~m n~o,;fiTN"ff(~act~.ef'during.J,Jie
..-"N~fo/Itmus1 be·sh5>,W,:i-thatthe injury or illness was:
term of.:the employment. The.
Rules on Employees'-Comp)~atio!],:'Rul~i,~-tfrrgy_atiff~ppra,se·· "during_ the term". covered 'flll'
" · Sec. 2). . . · · . '...../G0"7~-=ift]ur:if$...;~~!lie-tses occurring cfµring the lifetime of
.- . ·. : . . .' .. : -- . . ,~. V..(., .
3. · 'Permanent Partia] Dls~bility:_ ·
·~v·'[.
a~~Q.,o'htr99.(" (Wal/em Maritime S,eru{ces, Inc .. , v.
~~~"_,:.· . -1" li~§if, G.R. ·No .. 160441, August 29, 2012). ·. .
A disabi.lity is.partial and.permanent if as a.re$'ulf""''---=~"" · . : .· .' . · ·, • ·
o(th'13 lnjury or Sickness the employe~ suffers a . . .. Recelpt·:of.Djsability.B~nefit Preclu.d.es .Claim for ·
·p~r:marient. partic1l'los~ of.the Ul?e of any part..of.-. Lo.ss of F:utl:ire. Ea·rl')ing~; · . · · .. .
. his body (Abaya ..ii. · ECG, · 'G.R. No.' 64255,: · (:)nee . given disability ~o.mpe'.n~ation for loss . of
August 16,: 1.98!>). ·earning.·capacity, arl additional award·.for loss of
.. .. . · - · ea(ni_n.gs:.(fuli,lre:earnings:)' no ·10:nge:(i\~s; otherwise, .
Period ·of.Entitlement. . . . ·it will r~sulf in double recovery (Magsay~§Jy·Maritime .- :
. The·.:bene{lt ~hall be ·paid ·for no mor~ th.an the Corp. v.. _Chin, J{;; G.R No. ·199022, April 7;· 20·14).
period. desi9.nat6ld.in the-following schedules:
Reimblirseinenl fo~ Medi~~·,· .Expense~ S~parate
- Effe~t of Gainful Em'pioyment . and Di!?finct from.Disability Benefits :. ·. · ..
. ·•· For the purpose· of e~titiem~nt to.income benefits for .Under' ~ection ~0-B o{POEA:,.SEG,employ~rs mµst .
. pen:nanent par:tia_l· 'd,isability,·, a···covered :~mployee . 1.. Pay the se~farer sickness allowarice equivalent
st}all continue ·lo receive· .the beriefi.ts· provided . to his basic· wage. in additiqn to· the· mediCl:I! . ·
thereuqder even. if !:le is. ,gainfully empfoyed. and ·. . treatment that tiiey must' provide the seafarer .
re.ceiving his wages or sal~ry (Amended'R1,1/es· on : .. with artheir cost;,and . ·_ ·.. . . . · .. '
~mployees' .Compensatio·n, Rule XII;' Sec. 1.,.par. 2 ... ·compens;:itethe seafarer tor
his permarier::it total
·(b)J.. . . . ·: o{ partial 'disability as finally cl~terrriined by :the ·
· compariy-~esignated ph:{sicia.n.. · · ·

272 I· 2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 ri: SOCIA.L. -LEG IS.LA Tl ON
f
rf lolllllm-ll'l&••m•mi•n•••= ' SJ..N'BEDALAW CEN'rRAUZED BAR OPERATIONS- MEMORY AI0.2019
Iii-·an•

Note:· These liabil.ltles· of the employer are 'separate. ·

. IZil!Mlmlb:IIIIMIIIB#IDMCZi:1izrim11m-ea&mani:miltl
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Classlficatlc;ms of Dependency: (PTAL)

~:!'!r.llli:':"'

;;._ and distinct-from one another (Javi.erv.PH tnc., G.R; ·. 1. As.to the amount; · · ·
r~ ; .· No. 204101, July 2; 2014):. a, fartial dependency - a partial dependent
is a person who .has some means or income
of his own' arid who receives- tess than all of·
. his. .support from the employee .. If the·
contributions from the employee enable him
· Loss of. work or inabiiity L9ss of ·t11e use bf. a11y m,~- to in accordance-with his .station in life, ·
. to 'perform _usual work. · partic·u1ar anatomical . _11,'ithout . whlch he .. could ,, not .live in .
part of hi_s body. · accordance. therewith, such person is a
'partial dependent. · ·.
. (LABOR CODE, Art. 198·& Art. 199). · .b .. Iotal dependency r: a total dependent is
. . .. .. .· .
one. who has no means of support and
entirely depends .for· support upon the
to
. '. t:;ossof Work°.or inability perform. P!3rmarient ...
'contribution from the employee or one who
may hays· an Income from other sources.but
usual wor.k . .. , . -. · . : Total· Pa'rtial .the amount of which: is too small and
. insiqriitlcant a_s wouldenable hi~ to support·
Loss··· of the . use _'of:_ any Permanent · himself wlthout the major support from the
particular -anatornlcal part of Partial . -· /"' . employee: ·. . -: .
·his.bo(ily ,·._ 'Dis~bi.li_ty ..-;//?(° 2.·. 'As.tostatus:'. _ . _ .
1-------r-------"'"·--.--'"-_~-·. ..,<~: ...\v~t:'Jt\ a. :_1ega1-- ~epen,dency - 1eg_a1_ dependency
. Loss of Vl(Ork or Nor: ·exce.ecii,ng Temporary { ({,, ·i,: .. '}) . . proceeds ?om 1h~: mandate or .oP.eration of
· in_al;>ility--· .. ·., ·to '!20day_s_ · Total .. V C.,-:::',..;.t:.:-,.c--.,. ,. tht}-;/~w. lrrespectlve otfhe-tabllity of the
t

· · perform .work .:-- .. . · ---.::~- .1··ri·.;J·~~~1;:t.: ~}l!~9-~~)~dent t~ supporthimself, lt:li~ type of

··(total) . Exceeding . 120 PerJJ.!atieht . 1;.;< /- . ~.idepi;_n._dency, having· been established hy
. . 'days T~~f....- · ~i--:-+J · ·op~fttwn of law, is conclusive.· ..
.. . . . , ..\, /{_' _ . )f-""..jl . b. _.8\~u~I*1epend_ency - under. this type qf
(LABOR CODE, Aris_. ·797-199) .. ,,. . .-/. kn_c=7 r:~ · . . . -. d,rP:D1d_fi[l~c~;the reasonable ,expecta_tionof
·. . · - : ·· · . ... . . >$,_,,., )("-~ . ~ IJ!. ., _. . · Qonttgu1fr support appears to be the .
QE_ATH 'BENEFITS· • l-C:>~ . .
.' C.;">:t. ·_ · "' Jtj a
,_jjene,tal ,d i~ortanf criterion: to· c~;>nsiaer..
. ~e~th_ i$_ the lqss, of Hfe .ret~ltin.g-:::rrcwi··1iJ1jUry..3~'I
s1cknes_s·(LABOR CODS, Aff: 1~JJ!clff:!{dtf).1. -c,,--.,,.·i
l~J1 .-1:
~<:i\.~f~W,'itf.JThnd~nt,_-therefore:.is one ':"ho.
- t0.af~:ito-:t_heemplo.ye~. for. Sl,!PPOfl, partially_
L
I
. . .. · ·'. . -: .. }\~-'"'\r\·· . f _. . ri/ . . orwholly~(t Ct-'~N, sup_ra at.4(!8-469).· i
I.
. Th_e syst~m_.__shall pay to the pnmar.yr..~en~tlpianE;is · t~·-·-:-rr-.,:.:\ . _· . ·• . , · · .. · . ' ·. . . . . · ·. .
· upop the d~ath_ of t_he c,o:v~r~d employE;)p-,stn°·am~1;1nL,)f:i'l.1~~l'.~~en?,?Js:.(ASP.); ;- · . , . .. ·
.equivalent 'to. h1s·mcmthly inco~e-ben~~f,_plu_~jl~%J·-:~·11.-:-l!!e§1tlfl'late, .le:g,ttmated,. legally--:_~d~ptea .. ?r
f~:-
thereof e~?h dependent child, but•Ait"~~S~~dmg . ackno~ledg_ed.natural_child ':';'ho is unmc:1.rnea,
. fiv~•. ,.Qe~;!'nning . w1tb_ ·. the. youngest . a~,:~thout not gq1nful)y e_mp\oyed.and.not over i1 years of
.'subsij_ti.Jtion. Tf.ie·inccinie be('Jefif_sli~IJ be·gu'a_rc:1n~eed . ·age or_OV_E;)r 21. yearsof_~geprovide_d that he is·.
for.'5 years.(LA~OR CODE, Art.· 200, (a)). . inepp_acitated·and· .incap~bl~ of self~suppo'rt·due
. '· ·.. · . · . · .· . . . · · · to a ptwsical or,mef'11al def~ct which is congenital-
. ·o,!'pe~den~y does not in~an ~b?oiute dependency . qr as:q·u1red aunrig minori.ty; . · ·
for~~ n~'cessities of life; but r_att:ie'r.that ttie plaint_iff 2: · .tegifiinale"§pause . living wifti_ the . employe·e; .
looke:i:r up to· and relied. on the contribu~io_n of the . pr.o~ided that she/he has .not remarriep; and
.deceident in ·whole ·or. in· part, -as a· means 'of ·3, .earerits of said 'employee wholly di;3penden~
· . -supporting and maitJtainir'ig'· her~elf 'in 'accor$:lance ... · ~pan him for regular ~!,ipport {ld.:.at 469).
·. with h0f ~tafi9n:.in·.life. A person ·may be ~epe!nd~nt . · · .·· .
· c!_lthcii.Jgh :~ble · \b .. maintain .--hers.elf without any. l\lotedf the dece~se_d·emplo;ee.is a·n ~d_o.pted·chiid.
. 8$Sisfance ·trbni .. the dec~dent (1 (;HAN~·stjpra at . _the . death.' b¢fiefits : under· . .'the· Employ,ies'
·_467-468)".'.· ·. · · ·: :- . ··· · ' · · · · · ... · ·compensation p·rogram:"shall accrue sblely to· the
. biological.. par.ents·. if the- parents· by adqption. are
· · l;he:t~st of .d~en<;lency is· .o6t whether ci1imants · already dead (Bartolome -v. SSS,. G.R. No. 192531,
could.-supp'ort life without contributions;-bu.t -whether .. November_ 12; 2014).. . · .. · . · · . .
they depe11dori -such contributions as part of their
income or mearis of living ·(1 AZUCiEN_A, supra at
624). ... .

2019 SAN SEP':' LAW CENT.RALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS 273.

 SOCIAL LEGISLATlON
sAt•/'BEDA I.AW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS.- MEMORY AID 2019
tiMl
0 0

IHS MPS e ;+ ,, ••

BENEJ:=ITS· i~. Contracting of .§.igamous marriaqes by

Death Benefits . . the covered emptoyee, · whether. in the
· Paid in the forni of cash monthly pension: Philippin.es .or abroad;
·· 1. i=or fife to -,the -primary beneficiaries; guaranteed x. · §exl:lal ..infidelity· or perversion of the
· ·. for five 5 years; : · .· . .. . . covered employee; . .
2. · l_n . the' absence . of · primary beneficiaries, to · xi.. The covered employee's act of allowing
. secondary beneficiariesv , · · the surviving "spouse, . common
3. Total.ceneflts.shall be at least P15,000 (LABOR child/children or· child/children of the.
CODE, Art. 206, par... (a)). ··· .. · · spouse to be subjected to acts of
.r ·/ .· • .
baseiviqusnes~; or _.,. . . '_
Beneficiaries . · xii. .The covered 'employee's contraction of,
Beneficiaries'°shall be determined a't the time of th~· serious sexually transmitted : Disease
employee's death (Amended ·Rules on !Emp'ioyees' . -~ extra-rnaritany.' (EC_G Boar.d Re;o/ution'.
· · Compenseiion(2014), ,Ru/(! XV,-Sec.-1,-par. (a)).·
.. ' . . . ·. -. No. 97:..09;0500, Sept~mbei-:4, 19_97):
1. Prim~r'y Benefjciai:i~;:·(SC).'.. ·.· . - b. Leqitirnate, leqitimated;: legally· adopted or
. , ~--. Legitimate .§~pose until: he remarries. · ·ackl)ovvledged natural ~hildren, who are
. ·. . . . . . ' . . unmarried nor gainfully employed, not over· ..
~<:>te: ·,:i,e,_survi11in~ spouse fou·n.!:1-nqt !o~;.,cn:r--:,==,_ . 21_. ~ears of age,: or _ov~r ·21 y~ars of. age
·1iving w1!h t~e.c~~ered employee_at~s-fir'ne YLJ:Y }' --~~ov1ded that. he rs tncapacltated.. and
the ernployee 'died ~hould- .b~~titt~,._d,' to T.
' ·\\ 1,- 19,,0.~!?a~le of self-s_u~port:<Jue to physical qr
em~loye~s· co~pens.ation b~Flef!Ts:'IJr~.v~q~~"..,r . rt;ient?t; d~f~et. w_h1c~- rs c':mgenital . or
that the separ~t1on:0ccur~ef'k_o~1.rt~,,t'9~any.of_ . . ~ijet(~e{-~un~g-mmonty;provided, further;
. the following circumsta,r;ii::e~S'.,f(R~·SVl~.,,BJ2t~."':ib-~~ tt;iat-z~, deP.endent acknowle~ge~ natural
.. _81:>D). · : · . . : .. ll)F"\ Y, · 1f
tf".·: ~ , J ·•. ·cw .. ~,ch1t~·~:&~1.Ji~e-·comiidered a primary- =.
' 1. . ffef~sal C?f. the .i{ov:ere/d-f."€:,tnl:ifoy,ee_ ~-=.Ji~ .. L&. .. · )~neft?~ary -,~ly ~hen tl:ier~ a_re ~-o other
conbnye hv1ng v.:,r.t~...!_hes~rv1vi1"1~ spouse./£;;,,.,. . cl~p_en_ge.n~q!itJ,dre~ ~ho are quahf1ed and·
.. ··or the empl<'.>ye1:1's c!B'apdonrnnf'orll'i'Ei'•· l:~:~~-~--=-~hg1ble'-f~m~n~hly mcorne benefit; provi<;fed
· said spause,.w/tl:i6'11.t.-,j~stifiabl ~i?r'jafi~_r ~1-~Jl';P 1·nally, ~lliaT"'1,f~ there ,ar? fy.o ·qr njo'~e
.. ca"t!_se; . , · · ~ ·... ;;A It . _ . · f~ r:c?l . ·· . cknowl~,g~.d!J.Jatur?l.· children; they shall

. aga_mst the hfe·~!t11.r~. rvi~~rfg}SR,OU~~·""i..... ~

... ;comm<?n·?hild/E~ti~erl . fJhe~p]\l)t,: 1\ · 0
. . . ii; · . ~tt~mr;,t ·of. t~e'".;..&Q~;r~f~ •. ployl~?:!,:::.._ :- /~J_pu11fe~fr&f · the_ youngest. an? ~ithout
~Stityjtp.(l_~ )?u~ not . ·ex_ceedlf!g... Jive_
-tf-:w"~-£M}m~11,lJed -:-i IRL!(e.s . on . ' Ef!lployees.'
11~.· · _co~m!~s1on of ~·\ aGt of}gextl\_(!j3~~~ -~~'/.~~Of!1Jfen.sattol/(2014), Rule XV, Sec: 1, p_ar,.
ag_atn~t_.t~e SUf.\.'1.01:l_~ ·_spo~·~~::_co12m~V. (b!J!', . · .. _/ . . ·. ·· . . : ·. , : . :
ch,1ld/.ch1ldren or - cf.li4,d/ch1idre~ of.Ji)~~ h,J . ~./ . · ,f· . . . · ·· . · . .. . ·
· . ~pousebythe_co\ierei;J emp_lo/yee;~~.J;.~~n~!rylJenefic~ar,e~; (~C) ·· ·. · .. , ··. ·
_. iv. _:_-Th~ _-covered 'emplo~~·s( if~e.ri~l'lt~-~~~'\~h!t -~-g1!Jmate ~ar~rits wholly. dependent.
· .. : ..
· qorilmisSior.i · of_ phy~ical ~..i.olefuk~.or 1\ · if &.~\ ~..o~o-th~. ~mploye.?f9r r~guiar sup8o~: or - .
. -.-·. .. gro~sly ;;it)_usive _cpr11;i1;1c.t. ag~tist.~.ticE:J·· 1v.u.~~?.fl~_leg1t1mate _cfesc_e_ndan~sand 11J~g1~,mat~
· _s~rvivi1:-rg . spc_,u~e.. . . co_mrncih""":"-~'": · · ~h1Jd_ren: wh~:. ~r~ lil)rn.arned,_ ~C?t .ga1nfoll>'. ..
.. . -.. . child/children or- child/ childr.en·.bf the · emplo_yed,.and -~ot over 21 Y,ears'of age, or.
··spouse.- · . . . . . over·2Fyears 'of'age prqvided''that he is
. V.' The" G~\ier,ed·..emp_loyee's·. lnfljction of ineqpac[tated and."ir19apablE{ ofselt- support·
. · Ph¥si¢ar viole!')c_e, or ir:np.ositfun·9t m.or~i d_ue. · to physica1· ·or ·.r:nentai_. detect which· is
. _-·. dure~~·- to comper the· ~uryi"'.Jhg spa.use, cor:i.genital .. or · ·acquired · :during .mino~ity
. · .common qhild/chil~r..en o_r.·child/.children- {Amended. Rules · on . Emp/oyf:!es'
to.
of-.the.. spouse.. ch,=i-n~e· tliei_r religious·. . Compensatfor;(20,14), Rule XV, Sec. f/paf.
or pol_iti~araffiii,ation; . . . . . : .. , . . (r:;)).·. . .
vL · Attempt of IJl!:!. covered· :~mploye_e. to:·.. · ·• '· ·· · ·
. £orrupt,.o.r induce the surviv.i.n.9-spouse;
.·. · common·child/cl;lildre·n or child/ ·children. · ..
. . o't the spous~ to engage ji, "prostitution; .•.. ' .monthly i~co"me Totaf. Benefits
·or to. make. them ·.conniv~ with. the. . . . .benefit · ·shail-not be· less .
em p!oyee fn.such an act of borruptio~ or '--~--~~ ttian. 1=>1 s_.ooo/
. ·ind11cem~n"t; . . · · · .· _.
. '!ii.-< Qrug addiction-or l'lab(tual.alcohblism of
-... the cpvered employee; . . . .
(Amended Rujes. on · Employees' Compensation-
viii. !,es~ianisn:i or- ~Qmosexuality :ot· the (2014), Rule XV, Sec. ·3j. · · ·
col(e.~ep employee; · . . ' .
..

2·74 :1 2019SAN._BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED.BAR OPERATIONS

. j . • •• •
 J
·~ ·
socrxt, LEGIS.LATlON
SAN 8£0A. LAW C£N,TR!\LIZE:O .BAR OPERA rtONS .- MEMORY AiO 2019·
.:f:. ....
.'~.· . . W W A .4aw1 MRSI•~
----- .-
·, w

:~ · Priority Rule . . . . . . . ·or PTD (Amended Rµ~e~ on . Employees'

1~::· '.Pri,:n~ry beneflclaries shall have .Priority. claim 'to Compensation (2014), RULE XIV, S~c. 2; ECG.
} death benefits over .secondary beneficiaries. Board Resolution' Nos. 14,0.6-2[t and 14~06-30,
l· Whene',t~r thereare primary beneficiaries, 'rib death l:!o(h dated June 6; 2014). ·
,'.., . benefit shall be paid to-secondary beneflclaries. .
:,1 ; If there are no primary. Q~n·eficiaries at the time of Jurisdiction. Over Settlement.of Claims
;: ·. ·death,. the death benefit ·sh13II .. be paid to his Ttie.GSIS, in case ofttie public sector, and the $SS,
't secondary benetlctarles. . . in case 'of the private_.s·ectd.r, shall have original and
j,•
~1' .
.
exclusive jurisdiciicm to settle· any dispute arising .
from the 'law (f::CC) and, its IR'R with respect'to
f', 'it tn.e deceased·employee:ha~ .no.beneficiaries at the
.tirT)e' of his d,eath, the de'ath benefit snail accrue 16 coverage, entitlement' ··to. b'ehefits, ·collection and ·
payment of contributions and ..penaltieS._the~eon, Of
the ·em·plpyees' Con:ip~risati.oli Fund. ·(Amsrided
Rules on .Employees' c;ompen~affon (2014), Rufe any othe.r-matte.rrelated thereto (Rule of Procedure .....
XV, Sec .. 2;. · in. the· Filing.J:mcf bispositlotj. ':Jf the. Employee.s'.
·.· .. Comp·en,sationClaims1 RU!-1=·2,. Sec. 1-:(i3)). . . ·
Guid.elin'es·:on the .Graiit· of D!3ath' !3enefits to·
., Qualified Wives, and- ·.children BeMficiaries of . Who may file.: (EDBA)'
~ . Muslims: . 1. .The covered !;rr'iployee;
,,: .. 1.. The. basic rnonthty 'pension. shall be .divlded - 2. His.Qeperidents; ·
· equally artio(lg the iiurviving _wiv.es; . _..,/:'.'>' 3. The §en.efici~ries de.fined ·~y law; ~r_.. . ...
2. Upon the death or. re-rnarnaqe of any of tll~, r r: 4. In cas.e_ of th err abseric~ o'r.1ricapac1.ty, therr duly
. : wives, her. basic ·. monthly. pension. .shall(.J~'~\ ~uthonzed ,repre~~~t.~~v~(.(l.mended Rules on.
equally re-distributed..to the remaining wive,;;;,:.,,. \ Employees Compens8:t1on (2011),. Annex E,
. "and: · :. . · · ; . . .· \1 /; . . '.::_;} _. . .; RUtE 31:Sec. :/, Seftem~er21, 1995)...
'.. · · ·, 3:: The .q~ali~ed .d~pendent cliildren hot ~X,S.E:(Jlns~ )r,i::..\;iji~~e'";'fo·t.~;~. . . . . , . ·
5 ?e~Jn~rng "'.-Ith the Y.0u~gest ~r~;:.,w,ttioutt 1.1. .. All EC.. ciai~i:j\maybe file.ct· by the,clafr~1a.nt at his
.. ~ut>s~1tub~>n, who are not.entitled \~1~0.~,endent~ ;,;-;:.., I option in th_f~~gional Office/Br.a~ch of the ~ystem
pens.1o_n,: shall . be ~o~nted tron\-stt~on.g t~.e r i nearest to .fhel pt~ce of work or.residence. (Amended,
_colleqt1ve numbe~ of. ch1ld~.<;m~t;!.6e.ty1.~~hfn not. . j Rules on/m'ploy!:t,e~'Compenseiiorr(2014), /J(nnex
. c.oun~ed from tJ:ie ch1ldre~ pf1,,;~ach ~es:::-ef th,~ . ,«l ·E, RULEi!3, Se». 3 .sepfember.21 1995). ·

.
>.Muslim (~CC Board Ref?f!!iJ~!i!,Py:.'{+o~~3~;"-
July ~8, 201f). . . \.( ~,prdr')',j ~y,., ·. r, •·/
!'.J
Per1ot:t~Jr~y,~.u~tlgJ1 ·
_...,,.(,-,_.~.v._:
· . .
:l. .~;, _:' . ·:·· · ·' . · ·: ·
: .
.
,; . ., . ·:. .. .· . · ~,:.,., . Pit:~
_'·'')'!. !:..·~ . The GSIS~i:i~:SSS shijll ~vah.,iate ~m Eq c,lairn
Fu_neral.Ben~f1t ·:. · . ·,,,.tc,..\') . fl ('! witliin fhe.folloy.,i.ng perioq: :- . . .
.Z.· . Persoo.s.·.Entitled Jo. Funer~I Ben~t!t~.· .. ~ · . J
.. ~j:or'J:TI, Claim ·for death· benefi\s - within 1 O working·
f A fuqE:ral b§nefi~of f'.20,00~ '(!=CC .86')'!~-~jbSOIUfl0!;__/>·'"'1'~:;i <::O~Y,S ·. . .. . . - . .
; · No. 16-(!5-28) shall~ !;le- paid upon ·lli;9t'a~a!'Y-.9!ra.,.,.~ ........~laim~r.dis~bilft¥ berief.its:.... . .' .· ..
. COV~~ed .... e.mpJoy~e... or .p~r~~nen(f{~ .d)~i9';!l~d . . · a. Sickness.-c within 5 working days. ·
_.pe.ns1on1:r._to,one..ofthe fQllqwrng: (S~9)~':l::i ..~ . ·, . .b. -lnjurjes ..:.,within 5 working da'ys ·
1. · Surviving :fu)<>.use; · · ,r ·. · .. ·. ·
:2.·. 'tegitiroate £hild.whoipent fo.r.funeral services; In ali ca~es,' the coutitihg 'of ttie'. pres6rib~d .Period:
: . or . . . . . . . . . :. . . . snail commence from !he submi~ion' ofall.required .
;3: AriyQther.pe~s!)n ~hQ c.an s.!iow inco.Atrovertible . dpcuments (Rules qf.Pr.occdure''1n the Filing and
: pr.oof .of" havl!'ig , bprnEf the '..funeral; exp.~mses . . Disposili.Ori of . the . 'Employees' Coinpensatfon
. · : (Amended Rt)lf)s.ori ~mplo'ye~s'Compeo;sation . ·claims, RULE IV (1-995), 2, as af'(le,nded f:!y Se.c:.
(2014), Ruf~Xf'V, 'Sf:)c. '1). ·'.. Board Resolution('10:··10-09-115). . .
. .. . . -: . ~ ·• . !. :. ... . . •. • . .. . :.

''Condition to Eritltiemerit : . App·ellate Juris<:Jicti'on :

The 'EC, funera'i 'benefits· sti'all. be· granted after the. The ECC Comn)isSion &hall . hav.~ ·appellate
. SSS .or'"the G~IS h'c3~ dedared ttie ·followir)'g.In the · · fur.is.dictionover all a.wards·an'd -dedSLOns,·orders or
. evaluation of-claims ·for EG d.eath b.enefit~; resolutions of tl'1e GSl'S and p·ss, (Amended Rv}es .
t.· Death' due to sickness- ·ca1,1sal · re'ialio,nstJip on ·Emplqyees' Compensation '(2011),· Ann~:x E, ·
.. '. .between the death anci.the·working conditions of. Rule 2; Sec. 1. (b)).: . , · .
. . the:covered rtJ.ember .. • . . ·;, ·.. . . . . . '1
i. ·, ·. Death di;ie to injury-.causal re)atlonship between · Pe.rio~ to File .. . .. . .. . . .
... the death ;3nd tbe work~related accident. The claimant shall file with the GSIS. or the SSS, as .
'3: Deatti. due to.Pe'rmanent Pa.rtiai'bisabllity (PPD) · the case may ..)e, a
notice of. appeal within ·30
. or Permanent Total-Disability {PTO) pensioner- calendar day~from receipt'ofthe decision (Amended
'the.. cau&e of.death is a complication-or natural. . Rules on Employees'Comp~nsapon.(2014), ·Annex
. ~o·r'lse'quence.of previously. compensate·d PP!) . E, Rule 5, Sec. 1). . .

~ . .
2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I 275 . ,
 BMW CZJ
. .

·SOC.IAL LEGl·SLATION
· ~N-13£DA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR·OP,ERATIONS - M£MORY AID 2019 ·:
W *"1 ifflt WIMN F BPI &A!CW A 41 . -#GiWWM

Upon :receipt of. the notice of appeal, the: GSIS or·
s·ss shall transmit the entire records o( the. case to
the· C.ommi&sion within 5 working days fro()'l receipt
there9f · (Amended . Rules on Employe.es'.
Compf!nsation (2014); Arinex ·E, R.ule V, Sec. 4).
. . . . . . . .
''Grounds
The· .appeal may be entertained only on · any of the
. .following grou.nds: (SPQ) . .,
; 1. ·. If §erious errors in the finding of facts are raised
which, if not corrected, would »cause grave
... irreparable darnaqe 'or injury to the appellant,
2: If. there ls, a Prima iaC1e·. evjdrerlce·of abuse. of
,:. "discretion on the part-Of the Sy!item,' and
3.' If made purely ori Question 'of law (Amended
Rules· on Employees' Compensation (201'4,
.. An'?ex E, Rule 5,. Sec. 2,. Eiep.tember.21, 1995)..
..
Period to D~~i<;le · · . .. , · - · .
Wil,hin. 20 Working days from receipt of an.,,.~.P~i!(aled
. case, the Corrimission shall review·an,<;l,~~.cld~aid ,
ART 207: Prescripflve Period· . .
Despite ·the·· 3-year prescriptive period expressly
provided. ir:i' Art. 201, a compensation .claim may be
filed beyond·this but before the lapse of thE) ·1 om· year
from accrual. of the. caµ~e of action, applying
Art. '1144 'of the ·'Civil ·code (Manila·.,~aflro{Jd Co. v.
Per'e.z, G.R. No. L~21071, Ju~e 29; 1965)..
. . .. '. 'Th~ ~ year;·. have to be counted'. from _the ~irti the e
: employee losthis earnjng cepaclty.not frotn the time
·· .. the illness was discovered {ECC v. Senlco, G.R. Nb.
·134028, December 1.7, 1-999). · ·
· · · ·.· · · · · ·
·~ott:i: Th~:em.ploy~ris e~topp~d to raise-tf1e·defen.se
o(prescripli¢nif he ordered the. claimant to wait for
.. · the lapse of.the period provided for in: tne Civil Code
. in cases of presumptlvedeath (P.antol/ano·v.: Kotphil
. Sh{pmanagem~nt'and Man,r.,ing Corporation, G.R .:
u· ~·,· ~~.,. . . . . . : . . . .: ·
. -~:~=--"~;169575;March·~o. 201-'!), ·: · ·. . .·. ·

. ~pnjtioffq!."missing person" for. purposes of

. ·

.case. Four affirmative votes shall dyrelqe·t~e,.c~~..---,=~bt! gran,f ~~benefits·: . . : .

.. However,. if only a quorum o~~.:,:,~e)ol=?~o/s""are · f~~a.i·~Vfos~F~·~sing: refers to unknown fate or:
pre~ent,.3 affirmativ~vot_e~ sha1kf .:.ci'd~l'!)¢'c~~->:N·o-=~:~-!Q~f~~~~'o t~~e;,e of W~E!re.abouts of a worl<7r,
.. motion for i:.econs1derallon 1Pf()h~';'decision .. ~f, 'Jl. ''WT e~,.1.oy~~'t~p.st.\re unltormed personnel· while

·'· entertained' (Amended R,iJles·

. '.""
Compens?fUOn, RU!f! XIX. Stid:Jp,1'' .
·· .
~r:esc~iptlon ·.
r.,v.
f-~-~"."',~2.
resolution of the. Comrnissi9,,i;i er.'l•tb'anc ffi;hall. tie .ui~ A· hetsre is\1rf the ~erformance of his/her 'duties
Er(Jployees' r').l"'!. ·. . duri!:J;g, cat:'J~i~o):fatal ~vents;

· . · · ff "'~--1i/ · . J1 ."'~t:r ,
..
-~1:lierorket~!r1.PLo\,ee,.orunifor!')1e'd personnel
ii! ~:"-:'was1l1otse~.f Or· hp~rd .from ·~fter the lapse of 4
. . . • ff ,...:::/'4 ~ . ·. , \, · ¥_. filn~· yea(s from twe:oc<jur,ence.o!.the i~cident;. .
- · .No cla,m Io, compeosabon ~all<>~lJ"'..,..-~.course;'§i 3. ··'fh/Jl)sjlppe,ran"',Pf•he w,,,k~,•. employee, o,,
.. ualess said cJaifl'l ii, filed·.w~ly,tJr9.11Sy$~~,>v;il'fn~~·J,h..,') • UJilli~ed !e'i:sQnnel~iv~~· r(se to p~esumption.· ..
. . years fr9m the' time the :cawl,e 0t\1ctio(~}~~e~ ,~@r_At-~~~fh~.a;d .. "1{ ::., ;: ....
(A(Qende<f.. Rules. on, EmploX._ees'··'Cii;,mp"eaJ~tlb~ I ~~eM~ ~9.'.the ':Nqjker, emp(oye~. Qr (.!niformect
.Rt.ile:.v'II, ?,ec:;6; !=CC R_eso/utiO(l·/\JO. ~~~9{. ··,. ,~-_E.~fs~el ·.arises ~~t of a9.9,. i[l: the· course· of.
.. . . . .. . . ~~ .. ,, . ' . Sc1~E.... ~~\~~.P.PJ0Jl:>~~~ (E,9C.f~Jteu/ar No: 15-,0·J-20), .' .
.. Rfl':konrng, qate of the. T~re.e~~ar P[~s~r.{'2,.~!~~~ ... ~ ·p .. ·. · . . ·:. · ·'. .. . . ,.
Per-1od . . . . ... · · ·.'...(.~/""·.~~-"'EC ·~~1_m~g.e6i1;1d ~1led a.lor:ig .with cla1ms·for:
1. Si~k.,:iess-: fr~m the time thE? ernp]Q~~~~P~lhis ;I
.·~J:t\ f§stsiss~diathor:(lisabilify 'benefWcl~im . . -:
·.. earnmg .cap~c1ty aad not when .the 1llne-s~rst. '- .ilCl.§IJ.~ funeral benefit .~rn;fer. Pp.:. No. :626, a$.
· · . ·' qecaine . . manifest· (Amended Rules· ~-=--"a'i'ne.nded, which was fited·after me lapse of·~ o years
· · Employees'Compensation, RuleVII, Sec. B(b. 1) · .· . by. the : petitioner :who had earlier ·filed a claim for
. B.[?: No:
. . as .amended by 11-04-.10)'. · . , -_ · . ,.· ·. . . death. bE:l.l')eflts;· had not prescribed. ·:.When:· the
. 2: ·Injury·.,_ from the time. ,t was ·s1:1stai'ned · (ECG . . : . p~titi6n~rfileqJ1er·clc::111TI for·d.e?1th ~enefit~ .under .ttiE:l.
e,rcµlar'No. 03-769). · : •, .' "·: .·· ·.· ·. s~s lawi·Sti~ had a.lready nqtifie9'..\h~·~SS of-her.
· 3•. · Death :- from. tt,·e time. of death. of th,e c9ve~ed . : ,.emplo9ee_~·compensatfon clf!iiri'r.!).ec.ause·.theS~S is
·empl9y~e (ECC 'Ci,:cular:No.03-7,09). . . the very ·satne agency wh.ere claim(,· for payment of
"' . ·sicknessldi~a'biltty/deaJh benefits (Jn'der P,D: ·.No:,.
~ate: in ~ases of·c~vered workers ·Gr ·em~i0~es . 626'are,filed (Mesa v. -SS$,:<;;.R. No. '160467, April
· and ariiform.~ personnei. who· had .beei:i · reportecl. · · 7,?r/.09). · · · : . ·:. ·:. ,.'< · · : . .'. . ·. · · ..
"mlssfrjg''. while theywere~in·the p·erformance 6fthe1i ... _
. '1':
duti~s.during c.alarriities.o(ffllal ev.ents such as. but. .··.
·nof li.~it~d'. . to p~lice ·. or· military · op.eraticin, ... ·-
.,earthqu~ke, typhoqo, · and volcanic .. eruptidn, the ·
qe·neficiaries ma·y file.1heir .claims for EC ·i:ie.ath with .
fun~ral ben~fifs .wi~hin·the.·3-year.prescriptiVe periqd ..
. frbm the. time: "tl:'l~ ,missing person ·has 'been· ·
·presumed dead after thE? l~ps·e of 4· years from tfie
_occurrence·. of the ir'.l.~ident (ECG B.R. · No, 1,f':.ot ~2'0, .
. July 28,.2014).. · · · ·

'27ij · I ~019· s~N SEDA LAw'c;:ENTRAUZliD BAR'OPERATtONS

 r.f,; . llf,iliMNWWW ii Fi
SOCIALLEGISLA;ro~ , :,,, .,, - -
SAN BEDA LA~ CE=-RALIZED HAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY t<ID_ 201.9 . . . . rm .
t\ .
[
PROCEDURE ·FOR.CLAIMING DISABILiTY BENEFITS FOR OVERSE~~·F.ILIPINO SEAFARERS
(Based on POEA Standard Terms and eonditions· G~Verningthe .Employment of Fi/fpino Seeterers On-board
[~: ~ . · . 1 : . · Oceen-Golnq, sntoe (201_0)! Seq. 20) . · . ·
t·,
wt~
•·· Within.3·WORKl~G DAYS FROM ARRIVAL-~f1be seatarer . ·
fr~ atthe point of hire;:the.COMP.ANY PHYSICIAN determines
whether: . . . . . . .
t·
6', ·1 .. The nature of the. inj~ry/sicknesi( is \emporar:y,. total, or·
;,
~;.
(;., · . permanent; and ·
r··
r
f- .
2. The inj~ty/si~kness is com~ens~ble.
'-·

f r.

r
f:
~·
[.tc . .
t
ff-• ... · ..
!:··.
i
i:.
f..
~-
t':'~

'~.·
I .
.-- ....
··'·.

. . ·:-.

I
-~. '.

.·
·. .·:/. '/ .. ·. , ...
'• <,
\ . ':'-
. . . tndepend~rit.P~ysician .... . :: Jndepende.n! .Physici~r.i.
~·
: deterrnjnestnat
t • • •
the ·.. .:. ·· . determines
. ' .
that . ..the ' . ·, ..
, injury/sickness i:>. . iniu.ryisicl<n~ssIs
~. .
';'. . · NOT COMPENSABLE · . : · · . ·. ,'COMPENSABLE; .
. •,
. . '-....___._ __ ._.-··-'-,------./. .
....

/ • • • • """'I

A third. doctor may tie·,.·· ·

' .. _, agreed jointly b~twe~n Jhe ·,
employer and the seafarer,
NO . COMPENSA'riON. · .. and ·the third doctor's ·.
decision shall .be·~
AND BINDING on both
partles.:

• I . . • . .: • •. , .

2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRAUZED'!3AR OPERAl'IONS I. 277

 :so·c·IAL· LEG 1:SLAT'I-O.f\{·
.SAN BEOA LAW CENTRALl~EDBAR OPERATIONS- MEMOR'( AID 2ot.~ .

. PROCEDURE .FOR .CLAIMING DISABILITY BENEFITS F.OR OVERSEAS.FILIPINO SE'AFARERS

-(Based on POEA Standard Terms and eonatttons · Governingthe Employmentof FilipinoSe~farersOn-board
• . · 1 . · . Ocean~Going_Ships (201_0), Sec. 20) . . . . . . .

·,. , ..
Within. 3 WORKING DA V'S FROM ARRIVAL of the seafarer ·
at the point of hire.-the·COMP.ANY PHYSICIAN determines
whether: · ·
1. The "nature of the .inj~ry/sicknes~(is \e~porar-y, totai-. ~r
permanent; and
2. The l_njur:y/~icknessis compens~ble.

~. . '
\ ·...
Company Physician
. determines that the
. in)ury/sic~ness·is .
. . COMPENSABLE .

/ ..

· Independent .Physician ·: .lndependent Phy~foiaci

determinesthat the .. determines that the : .
, .. ·
I i~j~ry/~iCk~eSS. is. injury/si_ck_nessis.
\•. :
.~
. .
. ·· 'NoT.· COMPENSABLE , ·COMPENSABLE .

r.
r. :

['
. ,, .
"
t ·j.

..~
A thi~d 'ooctorrnay be'.· .• ·
agreed jo1ntly between the ·.
employer and the seafarer,
NO:COMPENS'ATiON· and the third doctor's ·.
·.. . . . ~ .. decision shall be ·FINAL·
AND BINDING.Qn both·
·parties;·

. I . , ,

2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED'BAR OPERATIO~S .1. 277

 .....
s·oC.IAL LEGIS.LATION'·
SAN BED/lo LAW CENTRAUZ,ED_BAR OPERATIONS- MEMORYAID 2019.
'Ull&SWA· wary . . SWAM HAI HIPI# . Jtsi+SWP41

. - home, in:cludi[lg other areas that the HR. may

designate, . and . to the . members. of . the
SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM·
employer's - household, and who. receives.
{R.A. No~
116-1; AS·AMENDED compensatlon forsuch services.
. BY R~A;:No. 82:-82) . 3. A Filipino seafarer, upon signing of the standard
employment contractand.actual deployment by
the rnanolnq ·agency and ths foreign principal,
of
As of its date. ef(ectivity (February 22, i019), RA. , .. who ~re considered as the employers.
4. A · worker · of · a foreign ·government . or
No. 111·99, a/so.known as ''Sociai Security.Act of :
2018," repea.JedRA. 11.61, as ariu:inded by.R.A. No: · international organization; or its Wl)'olly-:'OWned.
82.82.' . . -lnstrumentallties, · with an approved
. Adrrtlnlstrative. J,greem~nt with the. SSS (SSS
(R:A: /\JD: 11199 is NOT covered by the.·2019· bar . .G'uidebook (2017), p.4). .
syllafiys; nonetnetees, for: putpos0s··Of.di5cUsSio·n, a . · · · ·.
.tab/Et. bf comparison is,prcivided at the erui.}:' · . -~elf.Empioyed (SE:) .
. ·.. . ·· · ·· . . ... Any -person. whose. lncome is .not derived from
Declaration of ~cilicy . . . . employment; shall be the employer and employee at
It. is· the' policy .of the. State- to establlsh.: develop, ·. · ·. the:Saf!l.e time. (RA Nd. 82.82; Sep. 8, pars. (sand
pro~ote; an·? p~rfe~ta:~o~nd ';'ndvi~ble !ax-e~tnpt;.-,:e-:··=9~ .: .· . '. . . . . . . . . . .
social security' service su1ta~le to· the n~~~s""§f the 1f T · J~ · ;r -~-,.,"'°-= ~ · • ., . . .
people . throu_gho~t: ·_tl)e P_hilippin~s;j,wj)J_fh.l~Rall lJ
jlfl,R}U1ldr;~tl..lnotllm1tedto, are the following: (S:A2F-
promote social JUSt1~e and · pro~,(~me'alii11§tul.e:=-~"....-=:;l,Q.~!,t . Ii i,.~ .. · · .
· protection to members and · n1~r'<b~.ri~fiefaries_· __ · 1. '"Al~.§E'p~~~ionals; ·. ·
~gainst the hazards of disabilit',\.-!ick~~~.frtj~teF.rlify,"''''31;;.,..'-~ ..Ji?.~.,_rtn~{~~r?d_}~r:igleproprietors of businesses,
old ag~, death, and oth.er·contin~giis're{ulting 'i:M' ! ·1r,< an'\ D1r-~,to~J 0.J: Tru_stees. of. the Board of.
loss of mcorne or fiJ')an~1a!.bu~/e·n: l'~Wardstthis enf.' · ~ .t.c\\· corpprat1~.pit- 'Wlyt._ reqlstered with appropriate
th.e St~te s}:lall e_ndeavor to~y~tendfsoc;iat~~~D'L~,j, · ..,..,9.~V_\J,'1mer\f~~e}liou~s:.. . .· . ·, ..
protection to workers .and ~"JrE#'eficia['~s,(8;A..;_· ,~m ~ ~~tois ard~~~ffe~. directors, scriptwriters,
. No. 8282, Sec. _2). . J _--, N: ·
'"'"J .)~ !{~ -~ ~nd ,r1ew~p~.rrespp~~dent~-Wh<?do not fall within
· . . . . ij <:t<{1 ~ · ff .•
ifjj/:-. fhe J!~!!_ri1~orS ¢>f711:l_ .~e[m "employee" under Sec.
Employer ~ . ~i . ~ _ . .:·. -~-- . . . . . · 8, f;)s')t<,YJ or.A: 9J· 82821 · " •
. An employer.is any person. \'f'Qj~\s,:.a"~~l?.!N?rij]'- "'."~~{.e~-91oncit-~thre;es,. c;oaqhe_s.. trainers, and
· the ser.vices of anot~er pe(~on in'(sany ~t~irte'Ss~fl . ~ .:J~t~~ · '<) ' . . .
trade, ind_ustr.y, or undettaki.n'g\ : .. \. · · 0''~ci.'· . ;i;-:/.;t~'i11d,llaj1.Earmef1.'. :and fisher folks;·- .
-1~ A soci';"I;·· civi<;;, profes~id~al; ··chaEifo~le~(!.q_~~Or~e'?''in.lhe Jhf~xmal sector·so_ch as _market
other non-prom o~ganizatfo~ that~h,~e~t@:[£1:,.fr\~"1<!?a'f!lbuJ.an,!fvendors;watch-you~-car-boys,

'2. A
"ERs,. • ·· . , .. '--<
ser:vices of employees .are ·~also 9<5n$l'd~r.ec:t~-~~ffsp~J'l;#9rker_s,

f?r~!~n goverrimen~ Of •. 1nt~.r,.rla{@nal )\/{ J~~\:~~~~YElr~mtjlptthrou_.gh a Contract of Service

and.those similarly situated;.
j.Jf1 'I ~-""'7::..,..,,_q'\ritr.a~~Jil"andjob· order perso'nn~I engaged by
· ?rg.;m1z:ation: . . qr. · its wholly~OWJ.:>~~__..~.-Jalilcl'.wh<;> are not coverable.under the GSIS Law;
instrum.entaht1es, . ~uch ·as a1:r. embassy in :U:ie · ·. and. . . .. . .. . . .. . . · ·, · · ..
-PhilippiQ.eS,.· ·With an ·approved Adrni'nisfratiye . 8. ·.-8ny othei:_perso:r1 _as.de.termined by the Social·
Agre~ment ·with the SSS fc:lr the· cove(age of its .. · · .: Sec~rity Commission 'un·oer' such ,·rules ·and
Filipinow~rkers. . . . .. .. . - - . . teg,u!a~oti.s·~s it n:iay_prescribe '(SS.$Guid~bbok
3. · A housetioid.employedHR):is ()n·e who.:~se~ihe: · _(201-7).- p, 4;_5).. ,: . ,. ', ( ·. · .
. services Of a, hQUSe :help.e'.; Whomeyer·pays the · · . . . I
-compensation for _sµch services.- whether the · · · .. __ Dependents:. (SCP.)., · · .. , ·. . ,. . . .
husband, wife, aUlny other· per:son. ..:.··shall.be. : 1 .... The 'legal §.pause . f!llllitlecl . by.· law .. to·· receive ·
de~me:d the HR($'$.$ Gu(debbok·(2017), P.- 4). · · su·r;,port fr~m lhe·m~m_b_er.;. . · ·· · .. .
.. · ·. ·· . · · ~ · · · ·· · · 2. The legitilflate. legitimated 'or legally' ,:adopted
Employee ·· · ar:id illegitimate·· ~hild who· is unmarried · nc:it .
. ~.· 1. A w.Rtke~· in t~e.·_priv'.3te· sector, regifrdles~ .of. . gainft.iliY- .employed and has· .not reached. 21
status . of. employmeint, .'Wh~ther pe,rmanent; .·. y'eSrs C?f-. ~ge or. if 21 · y~ars-:·O{ age, .. he .is ..
tempora_ry, or provis.ional, wno•' ·is not' over 60 . congenitally incapacitated or while ·still a '-mfnor, ·
,. years pf a·ge. _(up ·t_o 60th . birthday;. if initial · he .has been permanently ·.incapacit~ted and
coverage). . · . . . · .· ·. . . .· . ific;ap_able, of . self.,-~upp9rt,. physically . ·anci
2t .A house ~elper who is not over:1:m years of age m_en_tally; andThe ·farenf wlio is . recei-.:ing
(up !O 6Qth birthday', if Initial coverag·e). A house : r~gul'ar support _from ·the member (R.A. No.
·helper.is -any person who renders domestic or · ·· 82.82,.Sec. B; par. (e)). · · · · ·
househqld servites exclusive1y ·' in : the· HR;s

278· I ·2019.$AN BEDA LAW.CENTRALIZED BAA OPERATIONS

. ·..,
 0·
1'··~ . '•
·SOCIAL
··
t. EGISLATIO-N· :.
SAN BEDA LAW CEN'T.RALl?E(? BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AiD-2019 :
·. ... ·:
.

'.!--....
,a,
.
-mMHe.,. .., ·- I AH++sw+nF&iHSiiefF
.. · · .*
r . contribution ·. . . ... ·. Rules on·Depende.rit.!lleg.itimate _children: .

r
·:. · The: amount paid to SSS by and on behalf of the
mem_bets.in accordance with Section 18 o{R.A. No.
»: · 8282 (R.A. No. 8282, Sec;_. ~. par. (i)).
·· 1. Concurring :W.ith l.~gitimate, legitimated qr legally
adopted children -·shall be entitled to 50% of the
share. of th'e legitimate, le~itimated or legally
adopted children.· ·. ". · . . · .
Notet- Regular courts: do. not' have. juris<;liction: over . 2. With ·no legitimate, legitimated or legally adopted..
~ · .. the. matter of .SSS contributions, As between ·the child - shall be entitled to 100% of the benefits
i ·· parties (employer-employee), Art. 224($) ·(4) of the · (R.A. No .. 8282, Sec. 8, par. (k)).•
f Labor Code is. aj:>'plicable·-(AMECOS.-fnnovatiohs, . I

.~ · . Inc, v, Lope,i G.R. No.17805.5, .Jf..!lY .,2, 2014). . Note: A wife who is .afready separated de fac,to}ram
i '• . ·.her ;husoar:id· cannot be said to be "dependent for,
Cqmp~nsati9n · .. . . . support" upon the husband, absent any showinq to
All a·ctual remuneration' "for employi"hent, Including. the. contrary.. Conversely, i( it is proved that the
,,. · ttie mancfated·cost-of-living allowance,.a.s wei1·as the· husband and wffe were.:stilr°living·together at the..time ·
~ .·. cash value of any-r.emuneration paid in' any ·medium of his death,. it. would be safe t.6 presume· that · she
·",.·. .other,than cash. except that.pa.rt of the· remune~atfon. . was dep~ndent on the· husband' for support, unless
-J.. in excess·. of the maximun:i Sl:llary (R.A:- :N9. 8282, it is shown that she is capable of providing for herself
Sec. 8. par. _(f)).: - . · • •. : ·: · ···- :· (SSS v. Aguas,. -G.R. No. ·165546, Febrµary 27,
· .2006)c . ' . . . .
. Empl_oyment . . . . . ·. ·· .•,,/';)° · . . .
~·. A,r.iy · service· performed , by an employee for .t.Jis'.·./.l.l Secoridary Beneflclariest ·(PO) · ..
·f " ·employ.er except: (~:AT_.G2) .. . -, . . ('·.::(( :).\. 1. ·. In \he. absence of .tt:ie_ primary .. beneficiaries, the
\ · .1. Employment purely ·_g_as!Jal and not .forftll·~ ·· ·,.,1°1 · Dependent ,Ear.ents; or , . .
~ · purpose -of oocupafton or -business of )th~: ,, '. '(;Lee?·:,, In the _?.Q.l?!:mce of all .the foregoing, any .Qther
'< empl.oyer; · · . - . ' . ·. · . · :>:f: t~::·;.,i~;,'.'.~.1hj~~{fB-'f,:~~tsJ!;Jnatedby -the _covered employee -
2. Services performed on or lf1 ,connestip~w,th an'.J !·I (R':A-:-No;,..?28?~ sec. 8, par, (k)).· . ; · ,: ., _ . , .. . .
f:· · . Alien Vessel by .an employee if hc-(js--employe~fc.JJ · ·Yli~ · ·. ·. · · · . ,
,,. ·. whe~·such vessel i_s outMde the F?}S!!iJ?R'ne~; ;.,;..?-·lt · Contin~e?f6Y,! r~fers to. the: _(RD:DISM( ·:, ~ .
i' 3 .. ~.erv1ces.performed by.Iempor.a!',y>effli\Jt6yee~ •.. ~; ·1.· .!3.etire)'ne,ljlt ~ .. · · .· .:· · -.: ,,
J; . ·· . _which ..ni~y be _exclud_~<;i~.,~~egura((?~~f ·!t;i~'. I•·\ 2. Q~a}.~~.. U :. \ · .. ' .. : . ··:"·· ---.·. .. ·· ·. ·:.;:..: :".
{. ·· Comn,1s131or1: . Employe~~~<7 of '51"qna · ft!'-!~ t: ~3.· Q1s,~b1htyt . \\· · . · · ).· .\·.· · ., .. ,.-··.:~.,:
t, . . · . independent contractor's~s~all·"Fll:>-Y,.!$e~:,oee~.d . · 1,.: :i 4. · !RJ'u'i;yor·:~Jq~!}~}>~f~nd , . , . · .. ·: ··.; _,, ~--=. ;_\;:.~_f'~:·:
.. employees of the employe(eri_gagjl:1-g;~~serw1!:;~ .-.- l::j. 5. Malefro.i.W.:Qf:.th_e'memb1:;r (R:A.:f'!f~~~S'?;,.f~?_:;fJiff.t
of said contractors; ·
· 4. Service perforined.'in· the -,~ploy).'.~(
· '.°"'~P:-.'l"'/:1. · · ·-?,. ·; t;f
t~e ~~.. -...
p~r. (/)). . · · , · · · ::. : :·- · · . - ·'. '. ·. "-'. : . ·: ':!:/:~ i):.f:t
· . ·. . ·. ·, . -~· .·-. :. ;- . :~.;-/.:· /~'\f)fo:;-?:
0

,t,··r. · . ~-·. .
... Philippine .. Qov:ei:nmehf! . · ir'lstru~~?.tall~y ~r_ .....
. agency thereof- aAd . . · ·
{::::_.~<;:ff·~~~!!;~ · , ·. _.".. · '. '·. . · · .'., '.. ,.,: ·::<_. }':7-)-~
~.=l -_.,.,.......,.-'J-:--'-"'Comptllsory:
~. ·. ·:- -.: ···.· ..... :·-"i -·
, •.., ·: .,
• • • J

·s. Service performed.in· the emplo'y,,0! a ·1t9reign

',.,. •

a.· Emp!9ye_e~.~ (P..H~.F)· •. ..;-

t • ' •

.-.: · · .~J.:, .',.,<, -:-,-

... ·Qove~nme.nt;·lntern.ational organiz~t'i~·~f..thei~ . i .. Al~ frivate sector ··ernplqyees, ·y,.iti1t.l'fe,r·.-·~
: ·wnol[y,oWned :·instrume11tality_ '(R.A. ·.JVb. 8~/32, .. .,- .· . perrn.~n.ent, ·temporary._ or provisional, ...
·... S~c. 8, 'pBt. ~"{j}). · . .. . ~ho a·re not ayer 60 y~ar.S o! ~ge (~ ..A.~.. ~ .
.. . • .·. NQ.' 8282, Sec-. 9);·· . : : .. :.
Prirt1ar:yBeneficicf,:ies (SC)· . . .. . ii. .t!buseh'old· 1-(elper. who)s not over 60_.-
:. f. Th~ de1:1e.nde,:it. . .§.pous~· · until·. ~e : .cir she. ·. ·. . . . · · · · . - years of age .with a . r:rionthly inco'me of · ..
•, .. rem'arries; an.a·· , ... : : : ·. . .. ·· . • not less than P1 ,000. (R.A.. No. 828?; · :.·
•. · ·2 .. Th·e:depehdent 1~·gititnate. legitimaJed. or legally.' ' .. Sec.- 9, ·par .. (a)) c(nd has render~d .at· ,
·, .. :· .· .adop~ed .and. ill'egitimate ~hildren: (R.A:" No. least: 1° mon'th'··af. service· (R.A. No. -
~
1
~282, S(}c: 8, pa~. (k)).,· · 1q3q1; Se~. 30);. . . . .. : .4
;:. · iiL A Filipino .§.eafc1(er, · upori signing of. th.e .
Note: Although .. the· ·sss ts . rjot irit~ins1cQlly _standar.d .employment. contr:act "and .
!'.' ... empowered.to tjE:ltermk1e.th(:) validity of marrlages;it . ·actual deployme:n't by the-,·mannir,g
l.- . is··requir~cHiy Sec. 4:par. (b) (7)"0f ~.A.· No:. .8_282 to · . agency and· ·fne. fQreign· principal,. who
:: : : · ·examine ·available statistical arid economic 'data .to ·~re considered .as the employers (SSS
'.. .. ensure.. that" the. benefits· 'tall into the:; r!ghtful · . Guidebqok(?017),..P· 4); Bf!d :·. . .
·:. · . beneficiaries ·(SSS v:
Azote,·G.'R .. ·No. 209741;·April . .
~- . :· ·15,.20_15).· . · ·. · . ·Note:' Under the -new SSS l~w. all sea-
based ·and land-based OFWs are no~
compulsory covered (R.A. No. ·t.1199,
Sec. ·9-B). ·

:r- . .. ..
,· 2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED·BAR OPERATIONS I 2.79
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 SOCIAL LEG·rs·LATIO'N
·. SAN·BfDA /,AW CENTRALIZED BA~ OPERATIONS - MEM(!RY'AID 2019

. iv. All employees . .9f a foreign government,
. international · organization, or ·· their· ·
. · wholly · owned lnstrumentality which
entered into an 'agreement with the
,Philippin_e government for the lnclusron
of such employees lnthe SSS (R.A. No.
8282, Sec. ~· par. (j)).
, . .. . . a I.imitation ·or:i: the riQht 6f employers and
.· b. Er:npioyers: (PSGE)
i. . Any f.erson · who ··tarries . on Ir:, the
Philippines .. any . trade, bustness,
industry," undertaking, 'and 'uses the
.servlces-of.another person, except the,
':G.~i:~rnment (R.A.' No. 8?82', sec. _a,
par. (c));· ... · . ..
· 'u. .' .§ocia~;-· civic, professional,· charttable,
: · . andether non-prom organizations which
. ' hire ..the- services. of employees' are .
_co~sidered · · ~employers"· · _(~~-..:__""""-=-~
. Gµ1debpok (201-7), p. 4); · ... ~~- lT
iii. .A.n.Y foreign §oyei:n1Tiel')t;.,.,iJ:i~_r'n<ftl9hal{, · ..[,~.(b ..» $~rs~as_-based .~ili~inos · (OF'v:') being
iv. Th~ private .benefit plan . which the ·
employer shall continue for his·
· employees shall remain under· the
.§mploye(s rnanaqernent and control
unless there i_s an existing··agre~mentto
the contraryand · · · ·
v. . Nothing in this Actshall be c,9nstrued as
employees to.' agree -on .and adopt.
'benefits ~icl':i. are _.Qver and . above
-thoss providedunder this Act (R.A, No. ·
8282, Sec: 9, p~r'. {a))., · · ·
. '.
2. Vo!u.ritary: (NOV)' . . '' .. · , ' ,. ''
a. -Non-wor.king.spo1,J$e .(NWS), who is legally
. ·married to a. member ..wl:!~ haaat least 1 .
· .: posted contribution, who devotes full time to
·. ·- rnana_gi~g_the·hoµsehold._an·d f~niily aftatrs.'
and has never beenamembsr ersss (R.A. .
J )\ .,,,~o: 11~9,9, .sec_9, par: (b));. · · :
·

· organization, . or. their_,1whi:_~ll~\~]£9=='==.-::£.

.. -.in$trumenta1Jt,'. whic9r~Atere,9.,;:!_~to·.. an .
.J ~p5uit~~m the f:~ll1ppmes by fo,r~1g11-based
··-.."'i~em~Y~... tor. employment abroad, or
· agree,ment ,_-wit~. JJ;;'e~~~·~S.!:,.,,.Jru:i""·T~~--=··n~t{l.§1"· a ;,ou~c~. ?f income in. a fore~n
· · coverage of its FtlplJl~em'f~loyees·(R.iJ . J,..(' ~· . 1_co°'t~~1'j§r~f1d1n~permanently m a foreign
.. No. 8282, Sec. BJipar. '(j}~f~nd/ .!l. .u.fJ} ./!~ .· fO~n.twf?e?'.\~;p_ar. c.); . · · .· ·
. iv.. A household· gffi,plo'yer,:,who [en~ages ,r{',c,i!·\. . _if ,(ff')\ ·. .
\ .
.· a0d· 9ontrols the($~1'_rc{s of a ~'om!s!.!_c-"lf~tr'""'·~--:-:--:!fi!ote.:. ~1FW~~.~e.now con:ipu.lsq~y covered
.. -10-~{);"f._1,. .:3,""~':7:JL:r~ '
work€!~: {R.A_. Seo. JR_.A. Nq/JJ1.11.1r·?ec.'f:)-8). ·. .· . • .
.r . . .. (fJ)r
. .
'
. .. ·
~~r a\ ~:J:~~--"~
-.. ·- 't .: ''"-<I ·
· ; .Efwti_m'ipj}~ I. . ' ~ ~-" ·. . . . . . ' ' ' .
c. J~taw NJS~ber . {VM) or a. pe,:son
· q. ~~inl!~t.ion~:(E2-C~O,). rr"'\\ ·. .\~~, ;; :' F-l"O i ~.;. ~- : :viouqLy.os~~4redas ai:, S~~ ~ember_ who ..
_,. AnY. ben~fit: &ar~_(l,d! b'Y'4.he-.~~~y~f{~ )f~/~js·at,1east_1'_pqst~d contnbut1pn and 1s,no
und~r pn':'ate. be@~fit P!~Us ~~~frtg. ,~.!)'--..,f '---;/,./1".._\~ongeJ'VfO.r~in.og as·.M,h~r a.fl.EE, SE ?r OFW,. ·
.. ·the time.~f_t~e ap~~yaloft.t~e Aet,s~ll,,V~ or l:)~s l']Q·!p~oi:n~ _!or:a·:g1ven ~e.r-1~d·~·~nd ,
.. no.t , _be d1.scont1n1:1ea. re~e(l sre. rEr.:rt'\.~Y· 9rft'.'s: to. s~mtin~e·· .p-aymg.. contnb1,Jtions . to
::·. · of~~rwise i!'flpair~~l; _'\.,, · . A'. ,.. . _~~~""'~n')~~r::itai,2ftiis ··right t<;>: fi!II ~-enefi~s .(SSS
n._. ~~ivate.pl~ns i,_vt,1'?h are~~si,t<3~~·1R~-~~~ ·•-.:\.~id~1!oolf·(2017),pp:_5-6)._.. · ... ·;· ' ,··
.. · force.· at the .. tim~ of ·,~mp.Jj1I;)ory '~. Ar /,.N;.. -.J!-.f,fP· , . . . . ...
· .covetage ·_shall p_e integrated.:~i.tti:!~ lV.JUJ>t9.\JdfntF.uhd. Est<:',bli.shedunder t':1,e SSS Law
·plan oft.lie SSS in-such a w~y-where ttW'.==~-'fneSodal Securjty C0.mmissior-iis'.empowered by
·: ·em.player's ·COA,tribution to·. his private· : .the iawl ' . :. .. . . . ·_, . . .,
· · · · plari is_'ri:icir~ tha·n.that n;:,.qui'r.ed. of '1iqi in ·. .' 1. To ·est~bli;;h. ·a: i;;r.ovide-~t fund· for the .members 0

· _.. · this Act, he.sha!l ,p_ay.to the SSS only the . which ..wllf: c;onsist °9f .v.plu~tary coritrib_ut,i_ohs of
.: .. c0ntribll,tion requlre.d·_ofhim and he·shal)· ·emp(qye.rs and/a~ . empl9yees, ,sel,f-employed
". ' 't::ontin!Je. ~is conVib,1,_1~ion to .such private, .and volurit~ry· memb~r.s Md' their earoings, for.
·, plan·less/liscontribution.to·thE!'SSS.so . the.·paymen~·of·benefits to such members or.·
... that, the. employer's total .contrlbuti_brl'to '. "their benenci;;iries, subject (9': suoh rules arid ..
: 'his),enefi.t pl~n a.ni:fto_the· S$.S shall_b·e'· 'regulations a·s it)nay. pro·mulgate arid approved .·
· ·. ~e $ame· as : his: contributjon to· his . . by the Pr~sident ~f. the .Ph)lippiries; and · ..
: . ·. pr:jv~~e · penefjt .plart· befor_e. · thE:1· · 2. · To m't3intaln a provident ·fund .which.'.consists of .
. . '. oompulsory_coverag·e: . . · contributions made bY. both. tt.ie ·~~-S. and iis
'iii. Any · ~hanges,. ·· .· ·adju.stments, officials and employees and ·.their- earnings, .tor ·
'rr,odjtrcations, ' . elimihations· .: .. or.. the payrn~nl of bene'fits·. to 'such officials and ..
jmproyements if!: .the, ,ben~fits qf. the: 'er:npJoyees 'or their· hei'rs ~nde,r such'terms ·arid
remainitlg PfiVate · ·plan_ after tlie . conditions. as it inay prescribe (R.A: No. 828t
... integrati.on · ·snc:111: b~ ..subje~t · to· Sec. 4(2) & (3)). . · .
.,.· agreements between ttie·· employers :.. · · ·
"and . .the empioyees . concerned;''
. '

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280 I 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRAU~ED.SAR:OPERATIONS
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SAN B!,DA lAW C£NTRA_L!£EDBAR OP£RAT/ONS - MEMORYAID 2"019

. ...
·:

Effective Date -of Coverage_ . . _Bene.fits: (MR· SMS:DJJF)

1: ·compulsory Coverage 1. t4qnt~ly Pension Retirement Benefits
a, Employer on first day he/she hires the first
c-
· 2·.. .§1ckness .Benefits : .· . · .
employee (SSS Guidebook (2011), p. 7); · · · 3. Maternity-Leave Benefits
b. Employee - on the ·first day of employment 4. g_alary Loan ·. . -.
(SSS Guidebook (2017),·p. ?): . · · . 5-. ~errna'n'ent.Disability Benefits .
c. ·self-employed - on the month and. year of .. 6. ·• Q.ependent's Pension .
.first monthly contribution> provided that.it is: · 7 ... Death· Benefits
not earlier. than the declar.ed "Start of: . .&. -funeral Benefits
Business" (SSS ..Guidebook (201°7), p, 7i._ : .
Note:· The new sss
la\\! includes a-new provision Oil
N9~e: It is. retroactive on .the applicable µnempl9ym_ent.insurance. or Involuntary separatton.
month .and ·_year 'of the first contribution . benefits .(R.A_. No. 11199, see. f4~B). (Refer. to the
. payment, upon: approval of .his late ·· table provided at the. en·d of the' discussion for the
registration as: a· self-employed member . ·-requiremiinis . to eveit, of tnts . new 'separation
· (SSS .Guidebook (?017), p: 7). : . . · .. · benefits) .. · · .. · · ·.
. . . .

d, Dornestlcworker uponrendering at least 1

c- l\llonthly Periston .
· month 9f service (R.A. No. 10361,. 'Sec: 30) -. · · Morith!y pension shall be the h_ighest of the following:
·. · ·. ·~h{l 1. P300 plus 20%·of aver.age monthly salary credit"
Voluntary C~verage ·. ·.: . :;/ .. ,'ifa. .
(AMSC} plus 2% of AMSC for each-credited year
a. ·OFW --:. upon ·first payment of:-e:ontriby(iprj;(;.·,;'\ . of ser.vice in_excess of10 y_ears; or
. based on the payment deadline for .Offy?IJ:';.;,{i f:j' 2 .. 40% of AMSC; .. or . · · .·
· whf~h ~ay be . earl!er · t~an the datej p.f,:;,J!;.,;,.~~·p.1 ,00<}.(&.A: No. B282, Sec. '12(a)).
. . .reg1str~t1on (SSS Guidebook, _2017, R;_;'1);./__,:,f/~t1,i;!;,,=t::-:·.,j . . :· · · . . . . .
· .., -.: · · · . . -._,,r<--::f:' ·. . \.J .. fl
_Note:'T-h.-e·.".}Of't!ily pension shall)n no case be paid
· ·_Note:.Under· the.new S~S l~~···'~F;Ws ar~·~',...,_!i;\:.: for an.agg;~~?,te 'amount of less than- 60_ months
. now .~on;ipulsory coyere_d,},'.B~!:tce, · i_QP--,.,...1\ (R,A No. ~!2~['2,fjiec._ 12(a)) ... · . . .
effectivity date·take effect 9p-Jh'.eflr:~~y 9f r.1 , . . . ";( J, ~\ .: . , . . . ,.
his employment·(R.A. ~9-;.:.1·119i(pi?c710);_ ·~·,1
Mlnimu!jf _Pe siJ~ · . ·· . . .. . . . ,.. · ! I

. ·. .· . ·. : '·,. · (.~~;, "5),i::::: .. :, . :.~~ r/,1. ·1,-.~1,2_00 Jl!!?r_~e.m~~ with at least 10.,years
b; Non~workmg spouse·.~__.-,,-:on~·tn\~~;-,'ijphc~!~,.r"1 · cr{i~\~~1i$7 JP.· · ·. . . ·. . ·
· · i'rlont.?· a_nd. year of _tK~..,!if%t:-::P.~Y-i;nenF~ · (J
·.2. P2-;-4:QQ::._..;:,fo~men;ibefs'with at l~ast.;20:year~
. _ ... -~_ontnqut!on (SSS Gt11debq_01j:.:,Z@~'<°/>.P· 7);;_ ... [-.'{ . cred1ti:id -~ervi9e (f?:A No_. 82_82, ·s_ec. 12. (b)). ·
9. Separat13d member_":"' _on tl'l'e rr10.~t9,.,pe!she ·. l·~m . . . . .· · . ·: . . . ·.. · . '.
res~med ··paym_ent of contn.l;>t.1t.J_.ow (SSS_.Jt-:~l·fl.~tt,=~f... P.J:~v!.s1on·on.~dd1tl0nal·~e_nef1t Allowance 1s.
_ ~wdeboof$, 2017;_p. 71,_ .· · -'{:{ . .r(Y'-:--~~-m0l1:1def:!Ct1ri~er:the .new ~SS law,(R.,1. No.-_ 11_199,
· ·. ·. · · .. , . · ,,., ;1 •.f. .' Sec_..1-2 (c)}. . .. . . . . . .·
Withdrawal.of MembE!rship_ . · : . . . ~~'--.:!;,:', ' . · ·.
An:iember cannot withdraw his membersl,)ipwith the·· Depende~t'-'s -~en~i<>n . . · · ' .·. . .· . ·
SSS. s.ince: rheniber~hip with· the.. sarne -is fc;>r. life.. 1:. There·is:monthly pension. payabli (:H). accoµnt of
Howevlalr, a ·.111!:lmber who ·,was· i:iep_arated· fforh. .d~ath; p~rma·nenttotal d~sat)ility.:or".retirement;'.
employ.m_e_r.it'Or ceased to .be a ·self~employed ·or ... 2. Equivalent to 10% of monthly pension·or:?250.--·
OFW. has the op.tion , to continue · paying· SSS . · . whiche..ve~- is higher; ·. . . · . . ·. .. . .' · .'
¢ontFibutions,as·a voluntary m'emb.!;ir.to m~ntain the 3:.· Payal:>le .to. each depend.ant child conceive-clon... ·
· right to· full-. benefits provi~ed bx the SSS (SSS. _· or before .the date· of the con~ingenc·y but no~ · 1
. Guidebook (201-7), p. Bf. : . . . .. . · ' . . . · exc-eedjhg .l?, beginning with the :youngest and
·without .. siJb,stitutidri, . with .· pieferen9,0· · on.
· . Effects.' :of lnte,rruptic:m: 'of· .. ~usin~s.~ · : or. legitimate -child~~~ {f?_.A t:Jo. · 828-Z, Sec:· 12-A) .. , ·
·Profes.sfonal lnC011"1e ·of-Self-Employed lodivldu'ai .
· 1 :·· H.e' s11an ·not be requir:,ed·tc:i pay cqritributions for : · .. N'ote; The monthly . pensi6ri and ·dependent's·
·that month:: .. · · . ~ . ' · ... 'pehsiQr:tshall be· silsp~nded.upon .the re·employrt1ent.
2. : He·niay, however, be ailowlald to'contir.iue paying . . or.r!;}S!Jmp~ionof self·employ·ment qr the recoyery of
. contributions under the sarne rules.applicable.to. .· · the· disabled· merri.ber · frorn.. his· .permanent total
a ·separated cov.ered employee member. disability -or his failure to .. present hirnself for.
No reJroactiv~'payment of c911tributions shall be - examination at least once a year upon· notfoe by tHe.
allowed .other·than as pres.cribed under Sec.i2-· 'sss (R.A.. No. 8282, Sec: 13-A.(c)). .
A of R.A. No. 8282 (RA No. 8282; Se.c,. 11:·A) ..
. . ·-- ..

2019.SAN ~EDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS , . 2~1

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SOCIAL LEGISLATION
SAN:BEDA LAW CENTRAllZE:D ~R OPERATIONS _:.MEMORY AID 2019·
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Retirement" Benefits . Death Benefits

it is a cash benefit paid either in monthly pension or Upon death .ot a member, who has paid at least 36.
as lump SUffi' to a rliel'nber who Call no. longer work .' monthly contribution prior to the semester of death:
. due to old age (SSS Guideoook (W17), p. 70). · 1. His primary beneficiaries as of the date of his
retirement shall" be entltled lei" · the monthly
Requirem.ents: -' .. . .. . .. -oensfomand ·· · . .
· 1. A member who has· paid at least 120 monthly. 2. rt he hasno primary beneficiaries, his secondary·
· contributlons prior to-the semester of retirement benetlclarles shall· be: entitled to a, lump -sum
shall be entitled to monthly pension as lonqas · . benefit equlvalent . to · 36 times · the, monthly
he llves.vprovlded that: .< · • · • • _pensi_on.. (R.A.No: 8~-82, Sec.. 1_3). ·
a. · He has reached the age of 60.. ye.ars and ·is ·· · · ' · ·
already separated fromemployment.or has Upon death of a member; 'who has riot" paid' the
ceased to be self-employed; 'or · . . , : .. required: 36 monthly contribution, his primary qr
b. · He has reached the ~ge of 65 years·.(R.A. secondary .beneflciaries shall be entitled.to a lump·
. No. 8282 ; $eci 12:...B);or . . . . sum' benefit equivalent to the monthly pension times.
c. ·He is a. surfaceor underqreund rnineworker the number of monthly contribution pald to jhe $SS_
whose date of a9Jual· re~irement is not earller .or ·1 ~- times the monthly pension, whichever is·higt:ler
·than April 21, 201'6 (SSS.Guidebook (201.7), (R:A No. 8282,·Sec: _13)" . · · ·
at 70);
. or .. : .· · - · · . _
~-=-----···~ . .
d. A total.· disabili~y ~~nsione~:· ~h,9,,..,-.ffas.·,r .-Y ·rto"t~ti~~-rderfor-the beneficiary of an..E_1mployee to .
recovererHrom:d1s_ab1l1ty and ~s1~fiea~t 60 LJ
J.tf, /el'},litle~JR death benefits: under t~e the $~.?·
yea~s old (SS$ (3wdeb9ok{,.~ff?,"'{lt f.~.. ,:~.,,==~~~s~_of~d~tht9fthe;_emplo.ye.e must bea sickness
., • ·· ·· ~;!'' · ~),,:;,~ _ hste·~i\!g~n.pb~'be:~t1ona1·disease by E?~; or: any .
..~ot~. The member ha5. the_~~Uo~t9;fce1_;'.,;-""D!.~"'=:Jr="'"other.~,~-~~~~us1a{l.by _employment, ~u?!~c;t to proof
first 18 ,:nont~~y ~ensi_oh~f~J.llrtJJP§.l!.A'l.. at~ .,7, 1Rat the"r'.s'ktfl\<::~!~~fl•i:,gthe same is lncreased by
pref~rential rate of. !ntere,,aN.~~fmm(<!by, tlj' ~ ]~e worf<ing ·co.id1t1oqs (Banez v. SSS, G.R. No.
SS$ (R.A. No. 8282, S~<;, 1 Z-8).7 B ·' · '- 18957 4 'Uu/y 1~\o(yf\d.t. · ·· . .
,. " II
2. A co~ered h,emb~~.wh~(~(f:y.~ar-s·olf but,;a. .
~
.· '~- l . .·. .· . . . .
·~t . 'r!'\JJ
' r; • :P'~\
,,-,=-~\
1:9t ~bl~.' to -~O~_tribute~ ~e,~t _1.2.0\!'1onttY...; '.> .~®_'lit,y·aene~t~. :i_ !i · . ·. .· ,. . ..
. . _co~tneution~ . pr_,o~ tq K·ta.,f'\,ern~1~\of ·.~•~Tu.~~p~mi ·!t:e 'Y,"1rl~ -My')\lth ~rg_amzat1on s_ defm1t~on
retirement _shall still betent,tte~:to_'9,,.J~rnµ.sum:~·"'=of •..?.!!ii!J~t}' ;;i~ anyAt:estnction or lack_ (r~~~lti~g ·
be.nefit ~qual _to the Jot~:-c~nyjputib~~~~"i::iji;l,·bY:.'5\1 J.,.··lfo~na.1t.fne11l~o~~Jl1ty t~ perform_ an. act1v1~y·1n .
him . and ·on his· behalf, wo~ed, \e _is ~#a~lefi ~;::It~e)~~Defr.O.lj?yv1t~mf·t)ie·range, c?ns,der-e~ nor~al.
from employr.nen~:and r~_iiO! conti~\t_ing t,~9ient·· . . .~o~~~r:iJ!1~g, t~fs~s red~s,gned th~ W?ntmg ·
of contributions to the sss~~n his ow.a
(R:¥'.,~S,,./~~~~~~-~<? rts ~~ml:lers. w,th th_~ ?bJect1~e _of.
. . 8282, sec.' 12~8 (b)j. • . ~-. ~: Q.CJ~ff1~prov1,n~::·th_ei13l1ver~ of servi~es wJthout
· . · _ . . ·.' · . · .-·. . . ."' . : /i :·~.:~edtfpi:t'!Jfos1,rilg~Jl-'i.E: · need .. t~ en~u.re 'thai !he
Other Tern;is a!'Jd Cond1t1ons for . ~ti~--'l~yoF--'....::.;ti'-~~~~n~~),-~J.sab1l.!ty benef1t.1s pai~ to desE:rvmg
Undergroun~_or S!J·rface.Minewo_r~er~ ll..1..(_ . }\/f-j~er-~~r~.S$S Gutdebook-(2017), p. 62). . _· ,
. 1. An, undergr~un~ or su'rf.ace,,mineworker-,~~~ ':.,,,~~ . · . ·.. . . · .... ,: . · . ·. .-,_ ,
; · . · have been ·employed .as'suqh fc;>r at least·5·ye_ars. .'.· - -:=sc!llen~ Fe_atures,af th_e.New· D1sab1hty .Prograr:n. · ·.
·(eitheF continuous or 'accuim.Hated}'prior:to the . 1. · l,Jse of, th.e·, new Manual. ·on. Meqical. Ben.efits-
. semester .-of reffrement.· as . certified , by. his . . · : (Disabilfty,: Sicl<r:iess apd Ml;)ternity) wtiich .is a
elllployer,. . regardless ·. if . ei'npfoyment · as . . . . compilation of :3-' m.~dfc.arbeneti_t;CgrljlQted bi,,
underground o"r surfa_ce·mine_work.er is.hfa last or · S$S to ·its membets. !t,atlop_t!'> the lr.iterpational·
· not.· ·. . · . Classification of Diseases ·arid Rel~\ed ·Health
2. T.he··ce.rtification m0st i~dicate th~ underground ., . Prog"rams c~qes (l<;D~ 1.0). and inctucies·the most
or ·.. · su·rfa.ce :-. mi.new.orke~s ·: · · position . - recenfmedicarn:ian~gern_shtof lllr\e$ses/injurl~s
title/designation arid°jJrop.erly"·supported by. the . and their . correspqnding ratir~s. · It :.nas · b_een
·worker'1> jqb description;·. · .. . . · . . .· ·, valida!ed·.. internationally· ~nq locally bY· .'the .
. 3. -The e_niploy.e'r niu$f b·e duly registered ·with ·tli'e . · · differenn~)e"dicalsocietie~_. .;_ · ·
a
Mines ,and.. Ge_6$9ie,:i.c~s Bureau :as. ·miriin_g. 2. · 1he .eva{~ation _guid.e!in~s .of. i.llnesses/inJL!ries·
company or .. contractor,. perrnittee:· Qr -permit . also _consider the cvr.rent.p.hys1cal state of the
holder (~SS Guicl_ebdok..(2017), p. ·7_1). ·· rn_ember:Jhus! ~llowiiig :several .cla!m~ _tq be·
· evaluated first ·based on .supporting·document$·
:-Suspension of Mont!lly flensi~·n : . .. . : ··(SSS G11idebopk.(2017), p. 62). · ' ·
The monthly pension shall be· susp·endad upon the ·· . · ·.. .
.re-employm_er:itor-res~mption of seif-employm~nt of.' ..
a retired. employee. who •js less ttian 65 years old
(R.A. No. ~282,. Sec: 12-B·(c)). . .

.282· I 2019SA~ SEDALAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS.

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·~· · SOCl·AL LEGISLATIO:N.·
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--·**· . . . SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZEDBA.R OPERATIONS'.' MEM,OflYAID 2019

°C;i°4alified. Person. fo~ D.iSabllity ~enefii under the

l&Wi@Mii#iY>tjiA't &A&P
I
a..
s.e awe;'.
It shall be paid in .lurnp, sum if the'. period is.
·/t · New Program .. · . · ·· · less than. 12 ·months (R.A: 8282, Sec. 13-A
~\· A member Who ·suffers 'partial qr total permanent .(h)). . . ·
}:: disability;_with at teastt monthly contribution paid to b. For multiple 'partial disabilities,' they.shall be
t· the S.SS prior to the semester of ,contingency, is additive when related or deterloratinq - the
f. Aualifif!lc:I (SSS C3qicJ.e.b,o_ok-(2017), p. 62) ... · percentage shall-beequaltothe number of
·~·. · · months ··the. partial dlsablllty is entitled to
f;- The disabl~d: member shall .~gain. 'be subject. to. divided by if) months. (e.g, loss· ofsiqht in ·
t· compulsory· .coveraqe and .considered . a new· ope eye .7 25/75; 'loss of arm 7.·50/75; 'if
t ·.member if: , . · .. . · . . . · both occur due ta same cause, 'then 25/75.+
;s· -.!·· Hehasreceived alump Sl.11!1 benefit; and· · 50/15 .. =. 100% sq "treated as ft it- wer~
.1 ·: 2. . Is· reemployed qr has: resumed ·setf-employm~nt · permanent total. dis.abilily) (R.A.' 82/32; Sec.
;· ·· not earlier than 1 · year: from the date of his . ·· 13°A (g)) · · · · · · · ·'
.-.},;.·· d.isa_bility .(R.A' No. 8?,821° $ec •. _1·3~A/. . 3.. · 'J\~ide · from" disability· benefit, a supplemental
, · allowance·of _PpOO ls paid to -the total .or partial
,',;~: lnjurie.s:oeem~d as:Pe,:mai:ient Total Disabilities: .:di~pility pensioner to-meet the extra needs
":; . (ELPIS) ... · · · . . . · · . .. · . arising from . his disability· (SSS· Guidebook
1: ·1:· Conipleteios~·ofsightofboth.§yes; .·. '. (2017);p. ~sj_.·_. .... :._ .; ... . .: .
*i. ·2.· . Loss of 2 Limbs at or above the ankle or wrists;· :'4. Total 'QiS<!bility pensioner is entitled to 13th month
:· 3. ·. Perm~nentcom·pJete.faralysis of 2 llmbs; .,-,"'I ·.t>.ension payable every·Qecember andin case of
4.: Brain injury/esulting to incurable· imbecilil~?(/);( partial disabtllty pensioner, a 131h month.pension
. : !n_s~nity;and· .. · ·· . . · f.._-..f./:·:'!'\ $haHbe paid; p~vid_ed.!ti.at the pension.duration
5. ·_such cases as deter.minedand approved by·IIJ¢.'; .:~i'.tl · is at ljlast J2 months.(SSS Guidebook (2017), p.
~: §.SS (A.A. No .._8282, Sec:. p-A (d)): · :· ') (./.,; ...-.:y'f~~6~). (.1, . .... · .. ~:.' ·. .. . ·. . ·. ·: ·
. ·. . . . . .. · . . . . . · .,,-,}- '(,.,...,,1p~~s.~.-.,As-:-of,:..!.Ja,nuary ~, 2017, · all t9tal .d1sab1hty
· l~j_uries Oeeme.d as.f>e.rniarre!ltParti~,-~-!~a6iliJy:\.,,/. ,rr. . ,pefi~ioA~fi~.a~e.. a)~o . entitled. ·10. an·.·adqitio~?I
A co~pl~te. and perrtranent loss qf ustofanyof th~~~:-'::;{ · . · P1·,0~0 jl'ie£1efi!011. top . of:_th?rr com puled ba_s1c
·}...'.),/!., . .,,;/ r\
fol!qWing.b9dy parts:'.
1. ··., 0 ne. t.h tim. b';_, ,
4:. · on.e.big t9e; .·. ·. · -~/
. • . . ... .. ,,.-d-,-:> ·I
<<~~-,.
,• ".i':z#

vrx:.'?" · .c:~,. f,;1

,; ;._t,• ·55a '/, 1·
., . .
mpnlhly iwlt,sron_ (S..SS Gwdebook (2017), p.

· i · r1 ·
. · · .
· · ,·~~·~'i'!~
3. . One index.finger;. . {?~--7 .. ~'): "- '. ·~. )•:.\ ~]
.4 . · One· . . . hand·
. . '. . . \:'·..J:/ ·=-.:f";J:.,.._.
.. j}. ., ·. , ..:$?. ,..,, .·· f;,,· I .
5 ... One middle finger; ·,,.." . .c,,.y;,•'.l . <r"\~J ,· i•"(
··6. One arm· . . ''-1":''-d/';•,· !; : ~~1
7.: : o_ne' ri.ng:fin9er;·_ '•
8> One·foot; ... ·. · ·
. ~\ 't) ~ '• Its
. · .,~.....;i..- :
Geath . : ..
i' 1 ·• ;,.• z',r.7;ril ·
9, ·· One:rittJe·finger·· ·· (.1:i-''' ;,~;r,.:::r;i.1!'1···• ·:u!:.'.;,.d!~i:\ ·
, t~/
r}, ·. {7'v .. · ·
, · ' I • .(rf
·10. One.leg;. .

,.. · '12.
1,:i-: He~,:ing .~f. .1 e~r; . ~: ·
-One ear, · •
·
·.
,.~\'!..). .' · · ~e:n~er.tia.s'pald·at:least ,S6 nioii~nly.co·ntributi9ns
· .,· t · tti ··· · · t
0

f 'd th · · d' ·bn,1 (1

,_ . · 1 j, He~ring\:if both ·iaar.:;;·.' . _pnqr. o .. _e · se_m.es_et .o ea ~r 1sq · 11 .,. .
!~. · · .1.4: BC:'.ltl:i·:ear.s; ·... · .' ·: . • CHAN,·s_upra fil~20 & 42:J)..
t-~ 15. Sigh! ot'1 :eye (S_SS G_uidf:borik (2()17); p. 6_2).

.:... Perl'ri;:t~~nt · bisabili.ty . ee·ne~.ts ... E'llgi.bility

;:· ·~e·quirEiments ··. =. . · • . _ • •. _

'; . ·. ·. MemEier·shall nave '36 .o,onthly contributions prior to

.th~ semester' of, disabil.i.ty; sam~ death benefit;.~s. ·, .Primary beneficiaries: : Membe~ (t.CHAN,"s1ipra
If·· · none, · ·. secondary ~(423); . ·. ': ... · .
only 'difference.il?· that the, p'ension.is paid 'dire~tly to
be·nefici~r,ies·are· er:ititled
the _memt:>er(R.A.-.82821 Sec .. 13-A (a)). · ·. · to . a'. lunip sum 'benefit'
· ·equa'J to .36 times .the ·. · ·
t ·. ·. S~i'teflt's: · . . ., :· . . · .. . . . monthly. · .. pension . (1
i;' · .· 1 .. .,in .case. 111,e .permanent1y·dis·a.bled.memJ:>er.c;l!es; CHAN, suprii at.'4.20)._- ·
~:' . . . . : it WC>Uld be given the. same tr~atment a'S a· retiree
,: dying. . · .. .' ·. . · ·· · ·
· 2. For. permanent P,artiar·9isab\lity, the pension is
not lifetime (e.g: loss· o.f thumb entitles m'3n,ber
.Ben~fits: sbaf be a lum'p sum equal. ~he mon~hly to
pensi9r:i ti'!les·the n·iimberof mon.thly contr,ibutior:is
. to only.1°0 'months of penslOf'l, 'While los·s Of arrri pal.~· to SSS'..or :1~ times the·-moi:,th_ly ·pension, ·
,.to 50:m<?.fl!hs). \ whi.chever ts hlghe((1 CHAN, supra ·at 420 &,423)-'

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20i9 SAN SEDA.LAWCENTRALIZEQ BA8 OPl::RATl~NS I. 28~,, .';

. . .. . . . . .· .·,,/\:·.::~~i~fi~i
 SOCIAL· L.EGISLATION
5AN- BEOA LAW C£NTRAUZED·BAROPERATIONS- MEMORY'AID ::1019
:1:YIMWffeEI -· . M SiiflEtEEIEMMI

. Funeral Benefits . 3.. Where the claim for rembursernent Is made

The funeral grant is. the amount .gi~en to wh'omever after 1 year from· the date o(confineme_nt (R-A.
pays the burial expenses of the deceased member No.· 8282; Sec. 14).
or pen~ioner (SSS r;_uideb~ok (2917), p. 99).
· Maternity Leave Benefits . .
Note: ·Starting P..ugust 1, _2015, the amouht pf the A female member who has paid .at least 3 monthly
. . funeral, grant· was- increased to a .var)able amount contributions in.. 'the . 12-month period immediately
ranging from a minimum.. of P20,0,00. tc>" a maximum . ·preceding the semester · of . her childblrth or.
'of P~o,ooo;_; depending on the 'member's' · pald miscarriage shall· be ."paid a daily maternity .benefit
contributions and credited -years of service (C.YS) _- . equivalent to 1 OQo/o. Of her average daily salary credit
(S~S_"Gufdebook (~017); p. -99), ·· · · . for 60 days or 78 days: in .case of. caesarian dsllvery
(R.A. Nq.:8.282,-S.ec. 14-A): ,
siekn.ess Bem~fits. .
l.t is a·d~i!y·cash ailowance·paid for the number ·of-
: days a member is ui:ia.ble- to work: due to sickness or
. · Qu;litic~tions · tor:. irit1t1ement .. ot · Maternity
.Bc:1nefiJ: (M~N-P3) . . . · . . .. .
· injury ($SS :Guid_ebook (4017),' p. 40). .- · ·. · 1·... Thefemale membershouldbean-Saa Member;
+Requlrements: ·(u4:P3-AN) ·.. 2_. . Shemust be ·gmployed at tlie time of delivery •
.. A. member ls qualitied to avail of this benefit if:. . . ,•: : -.: · . miscarriage or a~ortion; . . . .:". : . . . '.
1. ·. He: is !,!nable to work due· to slckness or"j_nj.1,1r:y_,,;.,...,;,-:~d_,~·She must have_ g!ven the r~qµired ~0~1f1ca\1on to
and conflned either in a hospital ·~.r .~..t.-l:l'6"'~efo_r U· "' ~":t].1'1~~SS. !hru her employer; ~n.d 1• •
. at least 4 days; _. . · . . £.~· P\..· .f, ':"l!llr .eTo~J_eyer mus~ h~ve ~a1? ~t least ~ months.
2: He has·'e_i:iid at least imonth14>f~tr:ib~j_oi:is~~~..;:..-,,,;;_oJ1:1J.t~[litY.·CX?ntnbut1ons w1th_m the 1.2-_mon~ .
within the 1.2-~ontn p~riq~ ~r{~if11'efy;8ef~~~-"" .1 · 'ilEll:!?'<r i~~¢at~ly before· her sen:iester of_
"the semester of sickness or,1~lJ'Yt,.;./ ~·"~ ... ~~ ~-.c..g~m.~~cy . ~ f20_19 DO Le Handbool_< on
3. · He hasused up ~II currenifcori:(!)'a~(sJak r~ave.s . "r ~ Woii<ert~i ~"$Rt"q _Mo~etary-8en~fits, ~- 28).
with pay; and · fl,· i' "Y;f. ,· f . JJ; 1J~ ~~- \. \I[~·.~ t .. ·.. - .. .
, sss-. w ·separa~ed fromf eg;ip\'tyment. ~01uofl?t¥
m"e"f!lbe_r or· s_e_lf-ernplwecr.:·"r~gat:din{·.hi~ttj\iQ. ·
~f"<'. 2-----'
- _· 4. He has Notified the. eipBJ.Qler or di&..m_ly,,:•.tti...e..L:.V~ Rul~~ on_ AvatU~~:,t~e\jBenefits. _(~P-~f-RW)
Ii
i'fe'rmp10Yi~~~ have f':!obfieq her employer·
1f--.1Sf _h~r_ pre911;ancy"'tas_1_dthe probable date_ of ~er
~ick,:i_e13s·.:0r ·!njury ·(S,$~. G-Jifdflboo~.~1.7), ~~ . 'JJJJl, .~ -ch1l9b1rt~.~-1 t~h"-~qpce shall_ .be transmitted to
· 40). . .. · .· · ·. ~ ~-~ ~ . .·..,:.¢~ __;,,;;;_;;..: --if!!: · th.fj:.,~. !~ a<?co~ija~ce ~1th .. the ruJes an~
. . . . . ~- i
I" f) ~\; · ,:, ·.-~. ·,n . ·reg[l~ons imW,11,tov1de;.. .. ,. · .
Notificatio.n Requ_irement ,J. · i; <"bi~~.-~-·'*-~@~ ;rf~ll:-';:)~~":~~f~hall _be· '.a_d"'.~n-ced- ~y the
1. ·-,By ~h.e Employe.e:: : ,', · '\: JO
~~~ · ·· .. ::,;;--0~plb_Y_El.9,1w1thm_da~s. _f~om ~he filii:ig·of_·the
If conftnetl at home, . h~ shoufch~:noti ~tl.i'.~'-~«',: ~,1;fa!er'i]~l_ea_velP~hca_t1on, . . . . . _. ·
.. er:n~l?yer, usi~·g the Sickne~tJotific,a~iQ~.~<i.&i§fi:,W~~_;;P'<fyrhen! gt daily maternity benefits_ ~h~il be
w1_thm 5 calendar._ d_ays ~fter'\'i~-~tJ~~-Sr-:-:=~~~"'~~>- to( the _.. ~ecovery-. of ~1ck~~s13
. coi:,"fir:iem~nt, _u~le~ such- conf11T~~.Dtai~l1~ , ~~"1~t~:~&'1~e~by th1s_-~ct for t~e same penod
r · · hospltal or the ·s_mployef!. l;>"icame}i~'o(JI.a,~. )t.. ·.;cf· J\ ~<f~tw6Jen~daily. m?terrnty benefits_ have b,een .
injll:e~ -.vhJ_le workit1g or,wifhin premfae's,~ot..~.ll,~e(l~~; . · · .. · · . . :. ·. · . ·
empJoyer· In whieb.. ~se, notification t1:1 · Jh.e · ~ The maternjty .benefi~ under U~1s _section shall - .
emplc;>yer is NOT NE;CESSA~Y·(R.,4, No, 8282,· , ~-- bE: p_ai~ ?i:i!( for· t_he first. fpur deliv.eries or
-Sec, til. (3)). · · . _.., :· · ·. _m1sGa_rnages;·. · · . . . . . . .
· ·· · 5.. . The·· SSS .shall immediately: Reimburse, the
-rf ·6onfii:iecJ · at the. hospital, ·r.1qt1iieatior:r" is· n~t · · ·ot
·emp-1oyer -1.oqo/o ot'ttie amouriLot-·maternity
.. necessa·c,y (R.A. NO.· 8282; Sec> 1-4.{3)).: . . "b~nefits. a?Vanced to. the' emplpyee .. by the
: · · :, ·. -' · · ' · · · ·· ·. : ·.. ei:npl9ye_r· upon .receipt of sa.tisf.adtory _proof of
2. By tl")e Ernpl<?Y.~r .::. __ .· . . . . · . s-uch-p_ay_ment"<!nd legality th~reof; and .. ··. ·
The· ert1ploY.er mu~t : Sl,l_bmi.L'.th~ .. · Sickness . · 6.. _If. ·an. !=!mpl_Qye~ member .""sh9uld- give birth or· ..
. Notitica,tion Fonn to SSS within 5 calenaar days :suffer... mis·ca·l'ria"ge Withou"t . the _·.· required·
after Its rec¢ipt to· avoltLpe.nalties..foflata fiJing . coritributi9n~ hi:!Vi!")g been remittec;I for ti_er·by her
. (SSS GuicJ.eb9ok° (2017), }:,. 42).. . . · . employer to· the· SSS, or-"without the'-latter having.
. · ·. . . . . - . .. . .. · been p.revf1:1us1Y:notified ·by the:employer: of-the ..
0

. The ·~m-ployer of the u"employe~ member has no. . · . . .. tim~ pf_th(;l pre·gnancy, the· eniployer.-shall pay"to
dght to .recover·:.,, .. :. . : · ·_. . ·. . .. . :th:e SSS .. damages. equivalent: to· the ·ben.efits
tne·
·_ 1.; . Wha"re empl9y_er ·failed "to -notify the SSS -0.f ·: .
the confinement; · . · ·
which said empfoye€/ member would otherwise
· ·
- i. In the case o( the .tmemploye.d, where he failed . ·· · have been entitled to (R.A. N_o::8282, S~c. 14-
. . .. to ·send the' notice to the _SSS. except wliei-i 1he · · . A). : . . . . . . . .-· .
: .... cotiflnement.ls in a· hospital; and· .
.. . .. . . . ~-

284 I 2019 SAN BFDA LAW-CENTRALIZED BAR _OPE.RATIONS.

 .,
SOCIAL 'L~-G'JSLATION
SAN lf£DA 1,AW CEN1:,lAL_IZWBAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 20,"9
·~::.
~:·
Uil&M I IW,'11 & SPCINl*!fiiRMH HB·BiiHM(jR? 'Sti&f',NI
.ESSWsat!Sf~iT:·,:Jl
.,·~.· mm~
n . . .
~'.~. No~e: The preceding discussion of. Maternity Leave N()n~Transferabii°ityof Benefit~- .
~:. · Benefits is based on the old. SSS law (R.A. No. 8282) .the SSS shall promptly paythebenefitsprovlded to ·
l and )he. 2019. ·.pQLE Handbook · on Workers' persons entitled thereto in accordance with this Act,
-,· . _Stc!_tutory · Benefits. for the )=xpanded Maternlty under the· following: conditions: (DFBI-MNL") .·
/ -Leave under R.A No.11210, refer tothe separate 1. The SSS shallpay the retirement benefits on'the ·
i
i
~-. .
discussion .under the ·Special Laws.' .'
. ..
. day of contingency to qualified members .who
have submitted the necessary ·Qocurrtents at
"\. . The · 201.f!. DOl,.E Handbook-orJ-· Workers' Statutory least 6 months before; • · ·
...·: . Benefits is NOT withinthe coverage of the 2019 Bar,
i:' 2. The beneficiary who is a national of a Foreign
•· nonetheless, · for the purpose~ of uniformity,· the . country' which does not ext~rid benefits. to. a
t · Citations are updated to. the. 'tetest version: Rest ·. Filipino beneficiary reslding in the Philippines, or
i: essured. thet tne contents hereincited tromth«· 2019 which is not recoqnized by 'the. Philippines, shall .
~ DOLE Heruibcok is iM· same as those ·under-the · not be entitled to· recelve any benefit under .this
·:~.. 20.1.8 .
version.. Act; . . . . .·
\. 3. ,Where the: .!;!e$t [nterest of the sss ~Ill be ..
Salary Loan . · , .· · . . served, the Commission may direct payments.'
1 !t . is . a · loan privjlege _'granted by s~s . to· eligible. . . without rega.r9 to" . nationality or country of
·~, . · members to meet their. short-term .needs · (SSS . residence; . . . . .
·{ Guidebook (2017), p. 115), · . 4. · If. the recipient is a M-lnor or Incapable of
1- . ·-/'1 administering his o-..m.-·affairs, the Comrnlssion
{.. Persons Qu~lified: (EGADU) · ·. . . ,;"\(",.(\._ . s_hall _ . appoint . a · representati~e.... Such
. ·1 .. All currently· .§mplo¥ed, c~rrently cont~1b1JJ~~v-, ."!~) ap~.o!ntm_ent shall not be ~ecessary !n c:.:\~e the
n- . :·,se\f-emp~oyed _or voluntary mem~er. · . ·. f!.l:: ':·:;} ·.t recipient rs under the custody of,or._hvrng.wrth t_he·.
~ ·· a. For a .t-rnonth loa_n, the mernber-~9rr~fr[:;,',.,.;,~-,1~J?i:lrent~j>f ~pouse of the member__,n whrch case
-''.° ..•. · · m1,1st have 36 posted mon.thly contnl;l!..(\Jon~f-'J!,1~:i:..'..;.}he.-9,en~fltsshall b~ .paid to su.ch parent~ ·.or

I
.· 6 of which ·should.· be within··Jhe_;)lst ·12','./' f ( sp'6use'!?"las· · representative payee .. of the
. months prior. to., the . montta(J1'if".filing i;,f.\J< recipientf)'~ . . . . . . .. . . '·
~-; appllcatiort · · : '. ·.·\f;,jf. · ),';-:rtl 5. Such b~net\Js.are Ncit transferable and. no power
b> _. For a .2-month loar.r." .t~e· ~.t~#lb~;,B~tfQwe.r · i'.~ of att9"¥n~~.o~oth~r document ex~cuted by \hose
~-- . : must have 72 pos_ter;i ~-~~~(r .COl')_,t_ri-150,ti~n~~-l ~\ entit!tld_t~ere~~ i? favor of any ag:nl, c1ttprhey or
.6 · of wh_lch .should. '!i>e~..,,,th,~h-:_e.· last· 1 ?'\. i-'·i anY,l'qt~etyer~on for the collectron ·thereof on
. mon!hs._-''pri~r ·10 tt$' ,.1nio~h ,i;H~:jilin!J{;i9f_· · 1;,;1 , m:_~r1>~ 0a1~~~~_!pbe recognized, .except when
... api:ihcallon. ·· '. '. :-,.,~ P_2,~'f) ·. f'-.. . \~ .. Vil. tht::y·a·£¢,,J;ltiysically unable to collect per.sonally.
2. Jh_e,rr:,em!l.er~borrowerh_as·pot')':~b'.eer{~ran,te,<;I·:: ~.tr su~h bene~ts; · · . .
fin~I SSS ber,ef!t.(i.e. tota! f?e~ri:ia9ent·.~.~s~bilify,_ .\~;,...-?,,--,hi c_~se of· deal~ bene_fils_. if·_-no benefjciary, .
~- · rebreme~t•. or- death)... ~owever, rff~a;it-'benefit__.-;/,..,,.',-!( f1q1:1a-'.\f.Les und~r this APt, s~1d · benefits shall be
. was cancellea · due ' to re-ern:qioyment1:'or_.;~-~..:'.'..l:laiiH6~-the Legal heirs in accordance· with· the
ff.:.· reco.vetyfrom di~abitity, the friem~tJ-shali;,iag~in . . . .. law·of succession.(R.A, No. 8282, Sec: 15). .
~- be quali.fied,.subject to the ter~s-an'c:lt-QH.\"S!!Jibns.. . . . · . · · : . ·. · . . ._-
fir; 3., · The.member-borrower must be under 65 years·. · Dµtr.es·Qf.the Employ.er:(Pay-DR2 l<:AN) . ·· . · ,
~:· . . or Age at_!he.lime\~f appltC?tiOri. · . . .. ·. . ·. . 1 ... Pay ~mpJoye_r.'s?O.ntij~ution in acoorclari~e with

{.
Ej·
i,.
4. ··The-.member-bc;>rrowerh.as not been Disqualified .
·due-to frr;tud·cornfr1it~ed:agaihsl'the SSS:. :
the sc.hedule pr.ovided in this Act (R.A, No. 8282,
St;{C.' 19-(a)}; . . :. . . . . : .. ·.

I
5. ·. Th.e. -~R 'of ttie member-borrower must·· be.". 2..· To Qed.uct'and to remit ernploy.ees'.conlributions .
•.. ·. !,!~ated. {n th~ paymehf.0f· ~mployees' SSS.· . ·(R.A. No; '8?82, Sec.· 22 (a));.· · · · .. ·
;i ·contributioh!3· · and. lo~r'i · remittances. (SSS 3.- ~ ,Beqµire, as a cqndition to. ·employment, Uie
ffi_.:: . ·Guidebook (20.1i), p. 115): · · ·. · . · · presenta!ion.of a registration r1um1;>e_r seeured l'>Y. ·
~ . . . .. . . . the. prospectjye employe~. from, the SSS ·in
, LQanable Amount" · . . . · · ·accordance. with such, prqced\.rre as 'tiie ·s$S
A 1-montti salary loan is ·aq~ivalent to .the· av.e'rag·e·· . may.adopt (R.A. No. '828?, Sec: 24 (e));·. ·. - .
of·the.member-borrower's latest 1-2 Mont~ly_ Salary · 4. lmme<liateli Report. to .the SSS the .naines,.
t.,. ·. Cre<_lits.(M.S.Cs), .rounded to the /1i9hest MSG, or tl\e - ages; civil. i,tatus, . occupatiofls·, s.alafies . anti·
... am6i.mt applied·for;-whicheveris lower, · ·. . · d·ependentsof all his employees wl)o are. subjeGt ·
· · · · ·· ' - t~ corpplll~ory coveraQe {R.A·;· f:1.0. a.282, Seq. ·24·
t~. A
2~nionth salary Joan.· is -eq'u.ivale.rit.to twice th~ (-a))· · · · ·-
..... av.e~age of
the. member~b6rrower's. latest posted s. _!Se~p true and accurate work· records for such
l' · MSCs, roufided to the next higher MSC, or.· the period and containing .such· information as.:the
\.~ .· am"ounr appiied for, whichever is" IO~er. bu~ n_ot to . · · ·commission may prescribe (RA. No. 82(12, sec.
r·
/:· exceed P24,000 (SSS Guidebook (2017), pp. 115-.
116). · · · · · .
,· 24 °(b}); .· . · · - · ·. ·

201s sA~· si:oA LAW cer,ffRALIZED ~AR OPERATIONS 1 2as

··.....
'"'::..J
. .. - . -~
 ·SOCIAL LEGl,SLATl:ON
SA_N (}!DA LA~ CENfRAµZED BAR OPERAT/ONS ·- MEMOR._Y·AID 2019

·s. ~dvance . the full_ payfl)ents of ~h~· · maternity Remedies · for Failure. to Pay Required
. leave benefits within 30 days from the filing of · Contributlon; (<;;AWJ. .·
,:the mat13mity·leave applic.~tion (R.A. No. 8_282, 1. If shall be .Q.ollected by the SSS in the. same
:Sec, 14.(b)J;·afld · manner as taxes are made collectible under the
1. J:!qtify .the ~s'$ ot the confinement within s N,ational lnternalRevenue Code (R._A. No. 8282,
. ·calendar days after receipt of the ·notification Sec. 22, par. (b)); . · · .
·. '·, · from .the· employee member (R.A. No. · 8282, 2. By an Action in court by the Commission, which
Sec. 14 (c)). shalt hear and olspose of the. case in preference
to any other-civil action- (R.A.- No. 8282-& .R.A.
.: Liabilities of the Employer: (PD) . . · No: 1-11-9,9, .sec. 22, par. (c) (1)); and :
· 1.. -P~y a fenal~y thereon of 3% per month from the 3. _~By issuing a Warran.t ~o )he Sheriff of any
: : ~ate the contribution falls due until paid, for his province .or city cornmaridlnq him to levy upon .
failure 'to deduct 'and remit contributions (R.A. and sell ·.any real, and personal property '·of the .
: N6>a2a_2,.'sec. ·22.(a)); · · ._ · debtar. .-The She'riffs' sale ·:)Jy. virtue of 'sald
·i~ · The employer sha.H. pay to the SSS .Qa.mages for . :y.rarrant. shall b.e governed .bY fl;le . same·
.... his failure. t~' remit the· required contributions, Qr procedure prescribed for executions · against
.. . . tor ·.his failure to report on matters required upon .. property. upon ·ju~gml;ints by. a. court· of record
. hlrn., 9dor.·his misrepresentation of the true date . (R.A. No. B282i Sec. 22,: par. (c:.)(2)): ·
· . of ~mploymentof.the employee member; · -~=..,...-=r.-=~ . _ · _ .·· , ·.. ·.
·, _.~- . . - ,. . · . . · ·--~~ '· · 1f 1. ~~eilrt1~~ns.fromT~; '-:~g~I P~ocess, and_L,en-
Note; ::fhe. ngh~_of the ~mploy,ee tOflP~!·t~i:the t ../
necessary actio_n against th~~Rl9~ef>._,i).o.:::===--""-""'-~Q.o.nt~1;»t10_~
}_1··-q\~e~:S~~andall its assets a_nd p~ol:_lert1~s_,.,a11·
c_oll~cted and all_ accruals thereto
refuses or neglects to remit cop~b.utidpsmay.be . ar:icl 1hcome,ir-.1nvestment-eamingstherefrom as
commenced \Nithin 20 yeari frd~.tl:!e"tia:i&'t!Ye"' ...'?;;.,..;,,,,""~~~~al(~pplies, · equipment, papers, 'or.
delinquency is known orJ';t@-·;i{.!!~s~fu~n.t1~. "ir' ,·;;;· .docvm-e.[t~;::,il,)alibe exempt from' any tax,.
-made- by the. sss, __or rrofo. thi-~!tneth~ b~n~fit j~
ac~ru.e.s,_.as.. the· case mh..:.~!l,_;phe ·pr~~E!:!e!.l~~,t'':1,f'''\
1~>\\. .ass ssm~pt, fe,ff:,-'~charge,
__ d,ut!'~and :\ (ff ) ,
.or :customs. or import
- . ·
. penod,does·not comme,rce.,wh~n-tt:ie 6bligation 1IDr 2. 1>.rr 1.'.>,enefit f?.aY.,ffi;~ ts m?de by the SSS shall
to p~y tt\e Pt:~milJmS acru~(:l.J{~· v.. c~.\G.R~:?i·ij~ t-("""'~Jik~~-iseb~ iitem~t1 .rom'all kind~ o~ ta~es·, fees,
. . 128~67; December 17, ,19f).9)!
· · >· ·. · · · · ~ ~\~
.An emplt>yer w.ho·fails to r~~o:rrfjis e ,, I)~'.
i·· . '" ~Ilim/i'B
. \'. ·. r,;J. or fCharge~ri~an1 ~ ~hall. ·not be hable to·
b':.....1:-/. aft.;i·cf@.j:ents~ga,rnishments', lev~\·or seizure by
~e .f<;>f)Ji' I ')"""'~.ofl'.bl®~r or
fahlJ.<fe'/J~r ~quHable . process
social security covefag~ is li~'hitq: l~u J~ ~~' .=;~ -·'~-1:,~~7.f'~~veJ. eitheibefore or after receipt by the
.1. P_ay the ~e.n«::fi\s ·of th9~e.:_wh~ie,~~ ··· ~:'. . ,$,". ..t~onor::?ersonife!lliiledthereto, excepttopay
..· d1sabled;_get l,1ck·or reac_h:retireme~age_~~- ~J'Yde)}f ~t thE::pnember to.. t_he·~$S (R.A. ,No.
2. ·. Pay all Y,npai_dcohtributions)>~s a p_E}naltY..C:l,. _fl3~Jl,"'1...r-f\~)2~¥'~eq. -16tf _.· ,. ·. , ·_ . .: ·
· .per. mo·nth• and· ·· · '\., ..1"~....: ~:.- / ~..-._ ff' . . · ', .. ·
3.·· E!e heJd·JiJbie'for a Qrimfnal offeh$e!p-'1s~l~-==-"'_R&"oii.';!_0J;.~*:'Exe.i:11ption: i. . '. . . ·: .
· by ~n.e·1:frtcf/or impris_o1:urient.. · _·· .;'-.VJ..· /f · -~ [.J;~~~i~-;:'lo~~;ir-ofthe_ state is e~ercised J6r-.'the
... _.,. _.,, _ .. . · ·: .- ~-....:. ~'. ll:'-p~of.r'.31s1ng,.'.eve_nu~s. :l::iowever, -~mder our
N.ote: Ail._ etnploye·e. is still :entitled .to ·social -securii';"'=-=--s_o·c1at-Security Law,· the e1:1p~asisis .tnor~ ·on .the.
b~nefit~ even· if t:,is employer fails ·or'r-eflises to remit . .. promotion. of th~· g·~nerat .welfare. The Act is ·not a . ·
n)s cqntribution.lo the·-sss '(Gapayao v. Fu/o, G.R. .. P<;1rt. of our· lntern'at ~evenu.e Code ·nor..are .the ..
· NQ. 1. 9349$, ·June 13, 2013). . · _ . · · . :· contri!;>utions and premiµms. dealt with and ·provided
· · · for, crillectibleJ>y the E!IR.- The.Junds confributed·to'.
:-:,' . ·, .. Re~ittance.bf Co~tributlons' . the SystElm.belong to·the.rhemb~rs.who will reeeivEi
. . •· -~- benefi'ts, a:s a- matter c:if righ(wO:en~ver·the 'h~zards
prQv,ide~by the law occur (CMSEstate;'Jnc.v. Social
·sec.urity System, ~.~; ·No. L-2fn9BJ S,epteinber28,
,1 :··-. . Within .. the_..- first R~m_it qlia'rterly 'on such 19~4). ' . . .
. 10 days ofeach calendar dates· and sahedules as
month : . 'toil.owing : . th~ ·the )::o'mtnission. may
month for which they are p_rescribe
·a'pplicable; or . . . · ·. · . · ·.
·2. · ~ ... Within such time . . . .
· · as the Commission may =' · · .
. prescribe . . .. . .
. \ . ·. . ··( .
. (R;A.·No: 8282, S~.22(a)).

,28!> I .201\3 SAN BEDA LAW C.ENTRJ;>.LIZEP BAR OPERATIONS

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. · SOCIAL LEGlS·LAT.IC>'N : : ,
'SAN BEDA ~W CENTRALIZEp. BAR OP~RATIONS.- MEMORYAJD,2019 '· ·
~- .: ... ffi¥W H:3fkf.b I ¥ &IE a see -ia
"!,'.· Jurisd;ctipn ... Gornparison .. between· R,A: 8282 as amended
·f . Cases Covered and, R.A. No. 1f199
;i~· -Any dispute . arising under · this Act shall be .·
· \ · · cognizable by· the Social Security Commission· ·

*. ~ .
t
::· (SSC), such as with respect to: (CB-CPA)

2
£6verage;..
Benefits- ·
·
.

-:f .3: Contribu,tions;

f 4. eenalty; and . . . · Fi°lipinos r~cruited· .. by- Coverage . ln.. the ·. $SS
•• 5.. ~ny matters related thereto (R.A. No. ·S2.B2,.sec:. ·foreign-bas.ed· .; . -. 'sh~II be . compulsory ·
.5 (a)).: employers · · for- upon ·all sea-based and
employment .. abroad :1and~ba~ect · . · .. or=w;
Procedure . , ... may· be covereg by the provlded . that . the'y . are ·
· 1. Filing; determination, and settlement of disputes : . SSS· OR·. a voluntary not over 60 years of agE!
. shall be' goyer'ned 'by the rules and regul,ation_s basis .. (R.,A. ·No. 8282, (R:A No .. 11199, Sec.' 9- .
: prornulqatedby the cor'nmission.(~..'A. No. _8282, · . &~~~~- ~ . .
..Sec:5 (a)); . · , · ' ·
2. Shall be heard by: · ·
. a·.. ·The commission; . ·None· · · ... An . a'dditional. '.moC1thly
b. Any ofits members; or. . .. · . · · · · /.") :
. ben~fit ·. . allowance
· c. H~arl_~g . officers. dtfly authonz_ed .by }?f;1{ . ·amounting to P1, .000
comrrussion (R:A.. No. 8282, Sec.. 5 (a)),~'·' ·i,'! .<i.,.1\ -, ~hall be·· given t6' all
Sltlall· be· decided within 20 days afte.r.( ffii!3, :~; ;i.i:.j . . . ·
retirernent, death ·aAd
subrntssion of evidence (R.A. No. 828?, Sel]f-./5:: ~.,, ,.,,f_:...,,.,,.. · · . 1,..,.,_
disa_bility. ·.. · pensioners.
~ (a); an.<:J .. · . : . . · . ·, . · ·,rJf.. t•.-,·.,·!';;."~ ~?~',,,,,..._:.....~:1i;\ ..
receiving. monthly
4. sneu be final and executory if no ae~
1ea'Hs filed'..Y·:f ~ ....-b':-1/:~.
pensions. ih or after .
withi~ 15 days from notice ofj~dg(IWnlJR.A Nq~~. 1 · _ -. ifl\ /an'uary 2017 (R.A. No.
8282, Sec. 5 (b)).
. .
· .. ) .'}./J..
: ',' I· ~-.-',' , .
,..Y.
1,,
!,, y
. //ii ~' .\\',
. 11199,:sec.
.. ·12.(c)):
. ..
. . . ·?",J ~5-~ · r. ~,r · · ;t =. . ·.'Mi ..
Judic;i~_l"Review.: . .· . /,;:!,, : : 1r,~ ,~· ',',~· ·
1. Per~itted.only w.~~n.all a.~~fr.ii~t.rat~~p[~rn~di~~ ·• . ~A
" · before the C.omm1ss1onl'l~t,t;"b~r~'!'(e:x,ry._,uste:g:2-
2. · Court of Appeal~ has . JU.r.t_,~dlctJO:Jc>:<f.°> rev1j~ .= I, ,1
. ~J .P: member .,;.h~ is· NOT
decisions·bb~h on questions of[<!IG~Slar(a,1awl:1Jt.:, J,; · . · . · · over 60 yea.rs:of ag13 ~rid
. if. only ·questions of law. are invalvfd, .§\wre.me. · t.~7- , . .;.~ · . · · has ·paid · 36 months'
·court .ha$ jur.isaiction; \,""-;::»"'. . . . /:.,~!{. ,.. ~~:·rr.:u_~~. · contributior.is,1-2° moriths
· 3·, Commission.is· c!E;lemed.to be a' partf . · ;,;.~,.:::.~....:. J:'!'.:s:t.1.U:iill.~ · . pf, w.hlchshoul~ be-in the .
4:, Hei=ird in a su·mmary manner;: · lz\ .
{tf. 18-,month · . ·. period
· s: · Take~/' precedence . over .. any .. · c~s'e.~c_ept im_rnedi~t~ly . preceding .
crimin.al. Cqse·where life-imprisonmenf'or.death the .. . involuntary ..
penalty is imposed:· · . ·. ·,:· unemployment . oi- .
6. No. a pp.eaI bond· shall· be.·required/ and~ ~.e_paratibn;shall'°be paid.
. · 7 .. No appear shall act·as a supersej;/ea.s·ora st13y benefits in· the· form 'of- .
. : "Of the. order· .of the 'l;;'on)_l'!lissiori . \Jnle5$ .·the·. ,monthly' casti ·.
payments .
· Commissioh· itself, or the Cou~ of App~als or.the eq.uiv~len.t.to 50%. of ~he.
Supreme.Court;. shall.so order (R.,lf.:No. ·8282, . .,
. . Afy1?C for ma~_im~m of'2
. Sec. ts,,(b). and (c)). . .. . .., . ·.- mon.ths (R.A...No.. 1.11!(!9,·
~ :,,.·_ · ~er:,. 14~8).: ·

The emp_h;,ye~is 'liable

pay a. penalty of 3.%,per
to 'emrifoyer.
The· . · . -,d~linquent
snail . pay · a ·
month from the date the P.enalty 'of 2% 'pf)r mqpth ·.
coritribl,itiQn. ·falls due frofri . ·the·. date . ·the ·
until ,p;:iid;· f~r his· f~ilure .contribution . falls d.ue
to dedu~t and remit until paid (R.A. .No.
contribu.tions· (R.A. No. 11199, Sec. 22 (a)), ·
8282, Seq.· 22 (a)): '

2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I .287

. ' . . . ~·':·=.· . .·. '
 SOC.IA.L ·LEGISLATION
SAN 8£DA LAW C£NTIW.IZ£08AR QPERAftONS - ME.Mf!RY AID 2019

.\ -·
2. Members of the-Arm.ed ForC$S of the Philippines
(AFP), subject to· the condition that they must
GOVER~MhNT SERVl~E settle first their financial obligation with·· the
]NSURAN:C;E SYSTEM GSIS· Contractuals who have,no employer and
(R.·A. No. 82·9:1) empl~y~e relationship_ wfth ~e agencies they
serve; ..
3. Uniformed personnel . of · the :§.weau of. Fire
Coverage · · ; .. Protectkin (~FP); · . ,
· 4.. Uniform.eel pers.onnel . of the §:ureau · of· Jail
Alf gove~nment.. 'personn"el; .whether ele~tive. or
• Management and. Penology (BJMP); . . . ._.
·appointi\t"e, irrespe_ctive of ~tatus· of appointment! '
5. · §arangay and Sanggunian 0.fficials who are nol
providecl . they . .a.re .. receiving· fixed ..· m_of!!hly .
r~ceiving ·fixed m~mthly compensa~jon; and .' .
compensation· and .hav~ hot reached:the mandatory
Q. ·gmployees. who do not ha_ve montl'ily reguJai
. retirement"age of 65 years·, are. con:ipulsorily-covered·
hours.' of work· and are. ··not receiving· fi?(ec
as members- Of the GSIS (/RR· c,f R.A. No. 8291, ~u/e
m.onthly :compensation (/RR of R.A No. 82_91,
11; .Sec: 2.1 ): . = Rufe ·1l .Sec. 3). · . . , .·, .'
.. N9te: · Emplqye~s · wh~. 're~ctied the: :mandatory ·. ·scope of Be~efits. . · . · · . · :
· retlrementaqeof 69 shall· becornpulsorlly covered ~ . General Rule: All members ofthe GSIS shall have
~e
and required to pay -~oth. ljfe. a11~ ,re~;~~t~:··-:=l[re-:.;-J~rance,retirement, ~nd-· .c:11 _othe:. 'soc!a
premiums under the f.oll9~mg sltuattons: ~- t* . '. !Tu1 · . 5·ec'\.Jricy)}r~~ectionssuch .as d1sabihty, survivorship
1. A,n elective cif!iciaf who ~t the timJ:~·~J::ct;f~o--=,,.;.. ~e'6~ati~]i.)nS unemployment· benefits (R.A No
public office is.~e!ow 65 years 9~,!lg~"a~~1t0,,e- - ~~.§fi.'a:"3,fia""-2). · :: · · . . . ·. .
65 yearsor more·at t/1!3 end 9fr6~)~[~~Qf·offl5~__..,.......,,#"'=• .. -~~:~-· ~> ~ , . . _ .: . . .
.includlnq th_e perio,d/~:of_l}i~/e-1~i_~ti~l'l~~j')Ell511c. ~~=- ~~cep.tlot;t~'-'~it~f3._r.rs_ . of , _the Jud_1c1ary al~if-~
. office thereafter without int~r@P.t~j.,'(.an.~: · TP-> )/( "~}mstiti.?i1on~~'6&m~!ssions· sh.all.·. have .,
2. Appointive offici~ls _.~ho/befo1/,!;,ac'hing. tti_e f~~- :1),su~a.nc.~ oril~(B.!f'ff·8291, ?ec. 3, par. 2). ,
· mandatory _.'age ,-. of 6~~~~/r. appolpJed· tu~¢ ·. ~ · \\ljl 1 _. . .
· government poslflon byk~.~1:1ris1denq:md~~Lt:J.·
. ··.remain in 9.ovemmept_s~ry~at age b~yo·n.~"tt;s_,,::i.
:r · --~j~~.sesjo.f .iyie,'1?1?-ersh'\P· ..
.. l~' 1~·Re9~!<;1r M~~,_,ber~lare_th_ose.7mploy~~ byt/1<
.. . .

· · ·
·. No.:. . · . · w~.i c
· (/RR ot R:A. 8?91,' ~ul~/-se_c .. 2.-.2)... ~:- :;g-, .....~""'irl _·gov~!l,

. Contractuat amplo)l9•• oncl'1!JJAW,'!.•ua'f ~t~nriljf rv:-,~

-~~~~,orjn'.~ repub!I~ of t~e, P:hih_~~l~es
¥:\,,.;.::_;~..;-~-c:-..,._,.oi:.J~~"?fleg~~l~~god1e.s/=i~C:~_s·.~i~ ?n~ma
cfla ,!;/n, :.JOv,;r,p~~ant financo~I . lristitutiom
employees with ·an empJoy~~gove"\nme~;,~ncy,-ru:~.!l!.,.;(t.,r":1~1sj. e1-,cept .\Jrnformcd pcrsohnel · of the
. .. i'_elations~iP..afe.·aJso comp~_IS~flly cov~eq,f>~,~-d ~~A~ei/ ~rC?~:o~'{hePhilippJ_ne~. the _Philippine
tt,ey_ are· rece1~mg ~~ed mon!H1¥ comp~nsatlor;fil~~::_y·~t1orisfl'?9.l_1c.e,)3urea.u of Jail Man.~gemeht ~n_r
. rendeli~g-the required_ number of work1~~iir~r'f~~~9,c:iloi;iy"(BJ,f>'!I?) ar:i?. ~ureau of Fir~· P;ot_e_cti91
, "the month (/RR.of RA: No. 8291~/e 19,~Co.:..~-:-:= --=·=fB'=e),\~.b~re: r~quir.ed by law to te.m_it reQufa
· .· · . .- .. · ·· ~•. ,<('._Y/l ~~·rolntp~tpontribulio·nsto the·.Gs1s.-· ....... ·
.. .. . Re~~otl_ .f<:>r : t_he . C.om~ulsory . Ret1_~~~v!.[of 1V1},.S's"\>t~ia'( 'Mem!Jers·. · -. · are . consi1t~il?nc
Go_vern.'l'!entEmpl~yee. ·· .... · ; , ~~,.; . . . ~ ..-e-6fnmissibners..! members· of the ju~.1~iar~
Iris fou'nd.ed on pubhc_pohcy .which ai111s ·to main~~ including those with equivalMt ranks, _who- ar,
efficien¢y in_the go_vE:mn;E:nt ~e'Y;i~·ant! ·at the ·saQ1e . .' . req!,Jired 'by law .. to. 'remit..: regular_... month_!
· time giv~ ·_- to the , rE:,timm .publ1_c ~erva'nts ,,h~· . · contributions for. life insuran~. pb!icies t9 ttii
· opportl.i!')i~y to enj~_Y. during_·the ·reni~mcj_er o~ the~r GSiS ln order to answer.for their. lifeJri.suranc,
.. lives the ·re~or:nperi_se,. _inad_equat~ l?e"l'~a_p~ f?~ their . ben~tiis defiAed ~l']der R·.A.".·No. 8~fh (/RR. c
. · long service al}d.devotlon·tq the g~wernm.e,nt,.in_ the . R.A. No. 8291, Rule If Sec .. 2.4.1).- ·
a:
' form "ot ·comparativ.efyeasier ._life, freed ,from ·the .
·: · .rigg~s .~f .civfl ·serVice disciplir:ie:-~nd tne ~x~icttn? · :Statu.s ~f Me;,..!Je-!ship -': . .- ... · ·.· . ·.. . .·
· · oerri ands .that the· nature _of t_he1r. wqrk and -their · 1. ·: Active. member - ~efers· to· a mE'.lmbe~ of th
.. ."relations .with. theft 'superiors· as ~ell 'as ttie. pU~lic' GSIS, whether regular or special, wlw ii stiU i
w.ould inipps~ upo.n the.111, (Betoni/1~· v: -GS/S, 'G.R. . the· ·goven:ii:nent service. and .together wi~l:l th
No.· L-1.1723.Novefn~er'26, 1970). . ., .. . . gov~_rnme'nf ag~ncy. to' which ~~ ·oelongs·, i
req~ired tci pay "tne r.n.orithly contribution.: .. . . .
Exce.ptl9n~ _:to the Co~p.~J.soiy Cov'7ra~e:_· (PAC!'
B3E) . ·. · . ·: .. .. . .,·. . 2. Inactive T{lem.~e~- a m~mbe:rwho js s~par~~e
t. · Members·. of· the.' fhilippine: National Police · . from tbe service · either · by· resignatior
(PNP), subject ':to tl:!e' condition. th~t th$y must retiremint, disabilfty, dismi~sal froi:n·the.Servi.Cf
setue first their financial obligation·. with the retrenchment or, who is deemed retired from th
GSIS; . . .. . service· tJnder this.Act (!BR qf _R.A. ,No; 82Q·
Rule II, Sec.·.2.4.2). ·

288 I' 2019 SAN.BEDA,l,A~ CEN:RALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 I'" '-':':.. • • .... .- •

,;t socrxt, · l:..EG·1·st·At1.t1t~i".

. .~r· .........
'f!f; ·.
._ .
,l · Effectivity of Membership. , .
SAN EiEDA IA~ CENTR~_LIZED·BAR OPERATIONS - MEMOR'f AID-:toi9
*&Nil IN . ;;; MM M
contiilgeiJcy includes: (SRD2) .
.
IF

f', The effective date of..membe'rship shall be the date . 1. §e.paration from the service;
:'[> of the member's assumption to duty on his original · .2. '.!~e.tirement: . -
~~- appointment or election to publicofflce (!RR of R.f,. 3, Qeath; or , ·
.{ No. _8291_. RULE.fl,Sec. 5). . · .. · 4. Qi~abjiity (!RR of·R.A: No.. 8291, Rule'], Sec.
. .· .1:15).
{ .. Effect of Separation from Serv(ce .
r~,
~ .. The . . member 'shall- continue
. to be a member . -and . Disability. is any loss: or impairment of the normal
ii, ·: .. entitled to whatever benefits he has qualified .to in functions· of the physieal and/or. mental faculty of a
'Y/. 'the. e~ent:'?hiny contingency compensable under : member, . which .. reduces' .or . elirntnates his/her
Ji: . this Act (R.A. No .. 8291, Sec: 4). .. , · capacity to .. continue . with· his/her current -gainful
~-~ . . . . . . occupation pr- eng~ge in any other· gainful.
{ · · Note: 'Ihis ls.without prejudice to the application of occupation (R:A. No.. 8'2,91, Sec. 2(q); !RR .ot R.A.
/
s ttie Limited'P.ortabilityLaw (R.A. No, 7699).
. . No. 8291, Rule 1; Seo.·1.2.0), ·· · ·

.Deflrrltlons. . . . . · Total. ·Disability is···itie. c6~plere lncapacity to

The Emp'loyi{inctudes the national goverr)ment, its' ·· conunuewtth'present employment-or engage in any
political subdlvlslons. : branches,', ag~ndes or . gainful occupation due to the loss 'or impairment of
instrumentalities . including GOG Cs · and financial . · tbe normal: functions of the physical _and/qr mental
institutions wltn original .charters, .theConstltutfona! · _..{':). _fac,ult!es.pf the 'member (R.A.No. §1291, Sec: 2 (r)).
Ccrnmlssiohs.and the Judic1ary (RA. No -. 8291, S~_i:}J,?1.,i . · · . · . · :· .. · .. ·
·2(c)) ... ·,. · -. · ··.. .. . .: . ·. .: (/~/(.,,;:A, _P.er~an_ehtTotal-Dis~bm~.~ccrl.lesora.rise~'.wh~n
.' · · . ,· · ..' . .· -. . · tf,.;;:,:':i.,1;,~1· recoylc'lry. from. the impairment or .·d1sab1hty· 1s
The Ernp!?ye~~l\t!e~ber rs.. any pers.o~ recel)'Jf}~;/:.r''.·'f~{?:~,e1callyr~mote (FfA: No. ~291, _Sec. 2(s)). .
c9Q:1pensation w~1l.e, m the s_erv.1ce of_ ~n. e~pjPYe-!J,~~;·1.·1.-:;.:.;!......·,..:~~1,Sf!~r .: . _. . . · ... : .
~vliether.by election or-appointment, 1rr_§isp,,-ective of;'l !:J ' Temp·orary1i<?li;tl.Dlsab1hty,:iccrues or anses·when-
tMe status ·9f appointmen.t, including 19.arahgay an,q':...,.tJ:.. · impaired "p1,}!stcal...,and/9r mental faculties: can b.e
_,. S~nggunia9 offic_lals: (R.A. No. 8291,
.. · ·. _ , .. · . ·
j_19./~ ,.1..,. -~f\
,.,,::,,,-_ }.•·,f.,.,,
1 rch_rl~ili.tnt9.;di,tt~g_/br · re_sto.red_· to their .· normal
funchonsfR.1. 151.o. 8291,-~ec .. 2(1)~. . ..
. Depende.nt~: (SCP) . . . . . A~,;;)>' ·.,_ ;-W'-7 ·o,
,if
t~:1 4' ·J . 'ti:
.
1'. · The' legitimate ·-spouse d~rtaj:ldelilt?-for·support"-· ~1~ Pcrrri;:ujent :P.artilltl 'Disability siccrues. · or mises
~ . . .. . . . ..
tipqn the' i:n~mber or- peniiiQtrerf'~:-:::t;). ·'~~~- .::::.~ . ur.nnt.l~~r.1fiij'(a6~9ss9r impairment_ of 'certain

rrr"i ·.
.. .
2..: .: The 1egit1mate •.. 1egit1mat~cJ"" 1ega!1yfi~_dopt~ . portion1i;\:ol'1-tte.~1Wsica.1t~~utties. _despite .~hich the
... Qhild, including th!:} illegitimate@_l}iLd/wh'q is;· j.. . ,:nen-:iber is able ,o purs,ue a gainful occupa,tion'(R.A.
a.' Unmarried,· not.g~infully err.iii!l9y~d.~pt ovet i·~t.,,.;N.g~18~91, Sec. Z(u)):· . ·.. . . ·. · · · : ·.
_t_h~ age ?f majority; or . '>~~;/ . · __.;1)·,~-!-~~iffi'D.-, · · · . · . · · · .
'· b. Is over th.e ag1;i of majo~ity buti,~·capaci!a.leit~...: ~:!~Ben:efits:<'{NISUR-P2TS-FuLL)
arid ..lncapable·; of ~elf-suppoi due{,·id a · ·1. ~Monthly Pe·nsion{ _ . .. .·
. . . . mental ·or p_hy~ical (lefect acqui~~or to ' 2,. · §eparation Benefits . , . .
· - . . . .. ag~ of majority;.. · ·· 3. - . !J.nernployment or'·· Involuntary .. Separation
·3_ Parents dependent · upon · the member · for" : ·senefits · · · .
. . , support (R.it No. 82~1,: Sec. ·2 ff)).- . . . 4 .. .Betfrement ~enefil!:1. .
· · · .. 5 .. _fermarient T9t~} pisapility.f?enefits.
-Pri~ary.Beneficiary ln.cludes the iegal depend.~jit e., ferJ'T'!MentPa~1al D)sability:B.enefits
.spQusa· .4ntil he/she ·rem.qr:rie.s and the- depender=it·. 7:- Ieooporary Total Disability· Benefits
:.children. (R.A: No. 8291, -Sec: 2. (g)j.. · · .. : ·· . 8,: .§urviv¢,r~hip Benefit$:
~ .. ' : .· ·: . · · ·. ·. .>.. ·... ' . . . , •.... ·. · .. •.. . · · . . . 9. Funeral Senefits· .. .
:- .· .-. -~econ~aty Beneficiary includes the .dependent_ 10. Lif!HrisLirarice Benefits
· parents·. arid; .. S\lbje~t to the. restriGtions on· the· . ' ·11 .. :i:oan ·Gr.ants. '
dependent children', the fegitimate descen'danfa .
· {R.A. No. 8291-; $ec . .' ?(h)). · : .. ' ·. :. · · · · 'Monthly Peilsion: · ·.
.. Jt is equal to : . ' - . .
corilpen~atlon·is ;t~e b~siti'.°pay or ~alarf received' 1. 37.5% ·of. the ·re-valued average . mo.nthly
by·, ·. an' . employee,.. pu,rsua_nr ·. to . . his . ·compensati_on; P.11.!S . . . .
· e'lectlon/appoii:itment, ... exdudfng _ per : di£ims, · 2. . 2:5% of . s.aid re'"'.Valued · average .monthly
·bon0s~s. overtime pay, Moi:ioraria, allowances and . compensati9n for ·eacfi yec1rof Sel"\'.i.ce-·in exces~.
any other emol.uments 'received ih addition. to t.tie . of ·15 years p'rovided that · the ba$iC monthly
basic. pc1y.whlch·are not i,ntegrated inti;> the bc;1si6 pay · p~nslon shall"' not exceed 90~ of the average
und.er exi~ting l~ws (R.A. No:, 8~91,. S.ec:. 2(i)). · . · m~mthly compensation (R.A No. ·8291, Sec. _9).
... ....

esis SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I · _289

 SOCIAL LEGI-SLA TION
. SAt:J.BEDA L(IWCENTRAL}ZED BM-OPERATIONS -MEMORYA1q2019·
EH DNMIN I I WE ZWiCli61I
·-. ii . . .
· Note.:_ A member separ;3t~d from. the service shall
continue to be a member and shall ~e ·entitled to
90 years of age or Cash payment of· 100% of : . .w.hatever benefits" he· tias qualified to. in the event cif
$ep1:1rated . . from average · · monthly . any contingency· c;ompensable""under this·,Act. (R.A.
service with. at least 3 compensaticm · for. each · No: B?-91,
. .
Sec.,, 4). ·· ·
years ·but. not over 15 year of service . (so .
. years of service (RA_. No. 8291, Sec. 11).
essentially_.., :.. tl1e total
amount of ·all -contribution~ Proc~siing 'of Separation Benefits of Me.mbers
:paid) . or · P12, 000. '. whodied while their claims are being processed
! .. : Whichev_er is higher.-:· · · · If the member dies cturing the pend ency of his claim
for separation benefit and ne· has rendered at leas!
"Bel.ow 60,years of.age Cash. p~ym~nt ·equivalen}. · 1 $ yearsof creditable service, his Jegal heirs shall be.
but at .leasf15 years _to 1.8x (m9nthly pension)'c;!t ." 'entitled ·to "receive cash payment equivalent Jo 1.8 ·
of service . the tirne of- resig_nation· or times the· basic monthly pension; plus accrued. Basic
. separation plus an oid-age . .-Mo.nthly Compensation, -if any, ·up :to. the ·aate_ of -,
· perrsion beriefit equal to . death of the. 'member. Thereafter, the primary
.basJc;;·montfily_pensl_on.... benetic:iaries'shall be entitled to survivorship pension
. (IRR'q_h:i.A. No.·829-1, -S.ec. 21.4.1) ..
Note: Th~ basic_ ~(,>n.lhltP!3nSi?n.may be_j!.djus&fcf1n"1ii~erober dies duri9g the p~~denc/of.hi~ "claim .
upon the recommendation .of. the ~a_enb-.G'!nd_\\..) ~drsepar~lil:.-.eenefitandhe has rendered less than
General" Manager o!·~he_ GSI~ and ~pr{v~v~,..E;~-;:,.""-=::s:.15!.Y./arsle,f,&e~~ble service, hi7 legal heirs shall be
President of the Philippines '". _a~;~oan~~(i-1: t_he. _ ___. e'ntitlet:1{0~, ~.t;i. .,"flayment. eqwvalent _to 100% of
rules and requlations j:)res~f!_!Jed'~~J}Jl~b~-SISt1E-A'v1:frage ~ ·, 6_p.thl~,.~o'!'pe_nsation for each year of
-Provlded; . . t'~ 'f ·
.'ID) ·Jf'·"Cre<;1ital:fles ~Jt~titnotlesstharrP1.2,000(/RRqf
· . 1_. _The basic r:n~nthly p~p~i~~»tilln,~ bt: leliS.,: Jlfu; /f?':A._No\829~'\Seq..:..2\4.2). · ·
than P:1,300, and If.. . . g . R · ;,,.. . ~- · -~ . . . ~ (,# .l u · • -,

hA.VP. mnciP.rn.rl At_ 11~1-zre~

2: The- basic tnof'.lth1y.lpe'l$~01_f~r t_~~ir::wtt . . :_.:~ip1>J~ym~Q\~v?luntarySeparation · _ .
P.A~S . S~Pl1$P.;r- "J'.""'<. . 8~1:icf1_t$' . ·. . i\" . . l ~ ,.
after'°the:"efte~tiyity of_l~$. Act·_Sh? I_ not &~~j;.i>nditi_lms;. tl l==j )l . .
. · '. · .
.· . · ..
.

, less than P2,:4-00 :a1m0Q!, (R. .. 1JA_ -~~~ff:,~1_~~-~J~~ was_·~~pkr~~nent employee a_t th,e .
· · S~G- 9(b)).·
- . . . ·
.\\ ~"' · · ~~\'\. ·
. · ()) ,, \:' :(),\ ~/~l,l,.J l~~~·
v1;=·r,,r-1·~,
_t1m;,t~sep»\~~0rl;K · . : · . . .
q{'p)efyee·-,s·mv~#it~ry separated frorn s~~!ce
. ..
. S~pa~alion _Be~efit~ : \. · . . . :<-'tp~ ~: ~~~vto·tlfe. ~bo~~9~-:"of .h.is _offi~e- or . position
· l_t shall consist of:. . . \_ · . 6.: · . -~ .1 ·,·;,;;;,_.,J/ -~. :ually/esulting«ro.mreorgarnza_t,on: <\Ind ... ·
L ·_ca$h payment _equivalen~~t~. 10 .-Yo_. P :~~~b e·!Y1's.Qaen r:>,.fying integF~tt3.dcontributio~s for
. _av~rage m.or:it~ly CC?tn_pei:i_sati_e..nfor e_af.:h~Y~~1ENJ.~~"fra~t1<" ~effr:but .less t_han ~ 5 years prior to ·
.. se~ice he paid ~ontn1:>at1ons, ~~-n~~/)lha~~ ~~~lio._!jl?fk.A:·No.~291, Sec. 12) · ..
. P!?,0.00;; · . ~ . ,: . ~""'- v.[·: \ilJ~~w ·. , · . . . ·. .: .
~onditio'ns":. .. . ·,: • . ·. • ·.· I .'"'.'-~""."'c:i-=.:,;.==wr~ihly.cash~~ymen'ts'of ~0%.of average mcil)thly
.. a. Payable _upon.reach!og the, age ~f·6? Y~_ars;- · · . : .. 9o!'iipei:isati9nfor a.dLirc)~ior:,; whicf:!- is prop~rtional to: .
or . ; . . .. . - .. ·.:: ·... . :_ .
,· .t:i; Up1;m .. ~ep.arat10.n:. wh1_ch.ev,~r.comes later<-,.
-< . .
y,e~rs r.e_n.d~~ed, rcin$ing from,2 mi;>nths fo 6 months
(R.A. No.:829J,.See;:12).. .·. / . · .. · · ·.
and· · · ·· . . · · · · · · · ' ·
6. ·... Prov.icfed.he. has ·rendered at i"E;Jas.t 3 _"years, · e;M-' ~.·!·:;°lf'neropoy,m~n·
.,,.·t·:, .,i:·1<.·, t'1 ·,-.,,\,'fEfrt'°'tf
e e1s 1s'~'\:j~'j'· o. e ue,:·-;~- :·;,:H;~j. .
· put less than" 1.5 years of ser:vic._e; ... : .. •~ •·:\ ..--.~~. ~"i'f .. ·; ._... / -:.-. '~.··-:=(~,-:. -,-. ··=- <;7l.~f.;-:··~... J;J,! ...t •• ·:_, ...,.:._:~:. •:- \.:.~~1l
~ . .. . . . .. . . \_ : . : . "'. '1.!,;'c c'onttWutiQ~s.:Made: : ;:'.··~Bei:\efitpiJiiiiJon:l
·~~. :.r.a:t,.,, ··;",.,.. . ~ ... ,.l\ ,•. ~ •• ·
2. Or· Ca.sh payment e·quivalent. to .18-··ti_m_E;ls his
... ~..., .. ,. \ 'J .: • --~·,:• •• \.-.~- ~,.........
I

, .. basic monthly p.ensiori ·at tl'le.tirrie. bf resignation_ · f \iear.-but·l~ss -th_ari 3_ y¢a·r_s•:·_, . 2 months
.. or Sep9ration;"pfus· ~h .. Old-agE(pension. ben~fit, . 3 or more·y~ar~ -but ,~ss . 3 r:nontii's
_·· . eq·u.al to the· basic-monthly.pension. · , , , ·· · · th.arr 6 year$- ·. ·• . • ·
Conditions:.,_· . . . . . ., 6 ·or m.6re years but less ·4:,months
- a. Payab.le monthfy.. upoh re_aqhing· the· age of . _t.han 9. years·
·6Q¥ears; · · .··. · ·, · .· · . . .. 9 cir !)'lore years but less· 5 months
··, b.. He bas re~igned"or.~eparated frolJl service; : th·an 11 y.ears .. ..
and:, .·. . . : -. 6 (lionths .. ·.
11 or niQre year$ but less. :.
c. Has rendered. at least.-15 years of service _than 15 years' . ' · . · .
°(R.A. No. 8291, S~c. 11): · ·~ . ·. . ·
~ : . . .(R.A. f:,lo .. 8291, ~ec. 12)..

. . , . .
.·. ·. 290 2019 SAN SEDA !-ft.W CENTRALliED BAR,OPERATIONS: . .
 ··.J
SO.CIA-~ LEGIS.LATrON
2oi9
SAN;BED'A l:AW'CENTRALIZED 8~ OPERATIONS - MfMOR'( AID
CRiii C&WM 2Dfffi Hi9Wttb¥1

Retlrement Benefit~
Retlrarnent.beneflt shatl-be.etther: .
to
without nolice· and opportunity be het,1rd (GSJS v. ·
de Leon, G.R. No. 186560, November 17, ·2010).
1. Five-year lump sum pciyment equivalent to 60
months' of .basic monthly pa'y;· 'payable upon Effect of Re-~mployment
retirement plus . an old7ag·e perision benefit When a retired/separated member is re-employed.or
,.,., payable monthly for life,'starting on 'the tst day reinstated in the service, hisiher previous·service:;;
I,
,;.' ',.
( .. . of the· month following the expiratlonof the 5, . credited at the tinie of tiis/her retire'menUseparation
:.: year' guar~!'nt~ed. period- covered ·by the. lump· for. ·which a co'rresponding · benefit had been
ii(
sum.-or · ·awarded, shall b'e· excluded in the ·computation 'ot
·, 2. . Cash.payment equivalent to 1'8 months of his . · service: In effeci. he/she shall be con'sidered a new·
·., basic.monthly pension.plus monthly'pension for entrant (/RR o; R.A. No. 8291, RULE 1v:. Sec ...
*.:· lif~ · payable . immediately with no 5-year. 20.6._1). .
guaranl~e .(R.A. No, 8291, $ec. 13). . . '
. - . . ' . . Permanent'D,isability Benefits.
·.Conditions: . .. .. . , -General Conditions: (MN-1:fK)· ·
~ .. He has rendered at _least 15" years bf service; · A member who suffers disabilify. not due to his: .
· ·2. He is ··at. ·least 60 years of age at the time of. . .. · 1. · Grave Mis.conduct; .
. . retirement: and: · . - : : . '. . 2. Notorious ~egligence; '
3. _ He. is not .rE;!celving a 'monthly pension -, berieflt . ·3.. Habitual. Intoxication; .and .. ._
-frorn perm~r:ient total. disability_ (R-.A. /11._o. 829_7-,jf} 4. Willful intention to ,Kill himself or.another shallbe
Sec-, 1.3-A). . . · · . . · .' · /" .. .J·l . entltleo to
permanent total disability beneftts
. . . · . ·,. . . · . . . ·; . f'. /f..1...-/\ · (~.A. No.·8291, Sec. 15). · ·
. Note: .Retlrementls 'compulsory .upon reat::t,lirig''65,, · ··)~'~. .
!;: - . years of aqewithat least) 5 years of service. ~9\~k:' :·';!,,)~!.'!~s· of.P/w1ianentDis~bility ·
, · he has rendered [ess than ~5 _y_ears of s·erv[G~-; Ii§;:· i\~~•.d:~_;:_:l?er;mqne?tTotal· Oisability; and ·
{ may·b~. a!lo_~~d to.complete !he said ~1~~/.- _)cJ~. · 2. ~erm~nJptPa~ial Disa_t:iility. -. . . ·. .
.f T~~ G$1S shall: ~ay th~__ retirement -~~~f~ts.. to t.lJY:J\ Permane11f 1;o\*. Disa~ility Benefits . · -- .
~. employee ,011 Jus · last ··;day;' of, ~Sft!~15:tf~t-i?'. the .. •;[. · Th~ men;lrertshl\~ receive: . · ·. ·- · ·
r. gov.emment: P;:ovjdec:j, tl)at aU4equitl;i~·ents·ar>3_ . b., 1. Mo11Jhly i~co111e benefit for life equal to the basic
,L·. submitted .to ~he GSI.S withirl~r.easo'etable·penq_a~ 'F•·\. mo~thly.fFperi~ion .·provided 11:ie' ·following
·r :· .
~- . .
'{!RR ofR{t No. 829.1/ Sec.
. . . · . _.
~~ti-~~» ·_,· ·~> _-
~ .,...,.,_,~~, ". t~ . ,, •
r:.::J . . -~Jf~~n..
d1s~bi:Jit~.~
~.:;ftifti'e_t,effective frbr:n. the dat(;! .of
. . . ._ . . .
-Retiremlj3n.t benefits ~iven,t«? ~o.ver~~rft:,eQjploye1~·: t~'/-: ·a:. ~e is!"' service at the.time_ ~f disability;,_ ._. _'
111 effect_reward them for g1vmgthet)'e.st;year;{'otth_eir· hL--,--.-b. If he 1s ~ep~rate.dfrom ~erv1ce; he has.paid ·
iivel? t~-the servic~ qt theircou,ntryiThi~'\~-<.es~ci~lly~-p-~w-·:,;.~;};,,~d1J,.l_east 36 monthly ·con~ibutions within the,
true "."it~ those in gove~nment servi~·.,,9cc4gyftrg~t!...."1 ·":' ";-··5-year . p·ariod immediat~ly .Rreeecl.ing
pbsitio.ns · of. leader.ship or positio~ reA.uiJ'ing. , · · ·· disability, or has paid a total ·ot at lei;\st.1 a:o
rrian'agement
. -··
skills qecause
.
the years
...
tlf~,'d?'16te
.• ~:.ti:,·~
to· ' - · ·.monthly contributions
. •
prior
. •
to'the-disability; . .
·,
,gc;>Ver~me_nt-service could bf:! spent rii_ore profit~bly. c, · lfl:ie .is in service.-arid hal? paid a ~otal of.at_
. in h,Jcrative app~intments fn: the'·private' _sector.. In ·. rleast' 1 ~o· mc:int~ly cb_htributior,s. ·he · shall
~:,ccl;iange'for.thetr;selfless dedioa~ori to g6vernmeAt . receive ari addit(OA9I cash :pc;1yr:nen~ of 18
.· service,··. tney·.enjoy -security. of. tenure an,d ·a.re · time~ his basic rTI0!1f'11y.·pensioh; and.

t ·
r
· ensured of a r.e~sonable amoun.t·of support after-
they leave. 'th_e gqvernment. 'The'· basis· fo( lh_e·
•. "provision ofre_tJrementberiefi_ts is, therefore., service
d; .~Member -.caf1not enjoy monthly income
. b~hefit ·and -- · th~ old-,a'i:1e· retirement - ·
simultaneoi.isly (R:A,.Nd. 8291, Sec.·16 (a)).·
?: ..to g(>vernme~t (GSJS it. CSC; :G.f?. Nos. 9[!39'5 ;_ 4. Cash . payn:i~rit equivalent to 100% · of. _his
·10.244f;},._June 19, · 'ffJ95);-- . . .. · : average monthly compensa.tion.Jor·each yet,1r of
' .. . . . . . . . · . service but not less tn~·n. P.1·2,000 pr~vlc;led the
·whe:;, 'Be~effts: becom:e:~ Vested 'Right . . .. . . following conditions .are met .
Where the en:iploye·e··~etfresancf me~(sJhe 'ellgibility-_ a .. Member.· do'es not satisfy ttie conditions.
. requireinents,.he.-acquJres·a vesfod'-right td .benefits·. under the.p~eceding numbe'r; and · ..
that is p.rotec_;ted by the .due process.clause, Retirees . , .. b. Has rendered at: least 3 years··o( service· at . ·.·
enjoy·a prote·c.ted·prpperty· interest whenever th'ey . · · . · the time of di.sability (?.A. Nb. 8291., Sec.
act1u'ir.e·.a; right 'tq' imm,edi~te payment ..undet pre~-- :· .. '.16(b)). . .
exlst,ing Jaw .. Thu~;--a -pensioner acquires, vested a
.right to benents tfiat liaye becpme due -a~ provided
.. u.ride.r·.the terms of the· public e[Tlployees'.. pension
· .. statute. NO· law can deprive -such ·person of his
_pension, r[gh_ts without _due p'rocess of l~w. that is,

't .
2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERAIION:" _I 291
t.·
i : • 7· ~ •.
 S()CIAL·LEGI.SLAT.ION.
SAN £!EDA LAW CENTRALIZED 8/\f!. OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID_ 2019

lnju~J~s· Deeml;)d as P~rmanent Total" Dls~bii°itie~: service and paid at least 6 ."monthly contributions·
(EL-PIG) . in the 12•month p·ei-Joq jmmediately:.preceding ·
~ . . Complete loss of sight of both gyes; the disability; · . · :
2. ·· Loss of :two !:,imbs · at or .above the ankle or 4·. Member cannot enjoy.Iemporary_totat disability
·wrists;.· . .. benefit-and sick leave pay simultaneously;
3. .Perml:lnent complete.-.!:~J,1ralysis of two limbs; .. 5. If . the :_ disability requires niore . gxten.sive.
4. Brain injury resulting to incurable Imbecility or. treatment ·t.t,at lasts b~yond 120. days, the·
lnsanity; and · · · · · • · of
. payment the temporary total disability benefit
· 5. s·uch other ca~es as determined and ap·proyed ·maybe e.xtended by.the GSIS but not·to·exceed
bythe.§$1S (IRRofR.A. No. 8291, Rt.i/e,/V,-Sec. a total· of 240 days; ano · . . . .
.i3.2.1). . : . . . · 6. · Such. benefit .shall not be :less· -thai:) P.70 a day ·:
(R.A,.Nb. B-i91, S~~: 18).
. Suspe~sio_nOf qisability Beneflts: .(RRf.)
. 1. . He i~ !3.e-emp!oyed; '. _ . . . . Exten~ion.o(Payment ·of Benefit. . · ·
·· ' . 2. He Recovers.from-disability; or. · If the 'disability· requires
0 120· more extensive .treatment
. · ·3.·· H~---:-failed -to present hims.el( for medical . that. lasts b·eyond days, the .payment of the
· · . examination when required . ~Y the G~ IS (R.A. . temporary total disability·benefit niay be.extended by ·
. . · N.o. 8291;..Sec. 16 (c)). . ·· ·the GSIS hut-not to exceeda total of-240-tjays (R.A.
.; .· . . · ·· · · ---'~- 8291. Sec. 18):· '>. •• •

Pe~manent Partial Disab!lity Beneflts . -~,::.:,<-·~-~ 1f ··J· -:~~~ . ·.. . :_ .·:. . . . . · ·. . . . .

The member. shal! r":ce1ve -~· oa~h,4pfymtizi_tm ll.:.., P-i,n~c~~~,E!:Dlsa_bihty'_ . .-· . . .• ·
accordance with· the -schedule .of c!J~ab\1IffesJJo1~b.h.-"" _,.:.,,"{pr ~Jun~~o~llnes_ses rl;)st,1lbng in .a disability not
prescribed by· the G.SIS, providE~Jfthat),~,..._hlitisfies -lisfe~i:i!tne f.~~-9u1e···of partial/total disability, as
either conditions. {1) qr (2) _of R. j,- ~~BJgc:1:-;-·~~t"':1'&-,~pf0.l4~e~irrtfie. ~?If> law, the GSIS. shall determine
(13), to.wit: · . . I,(}-", 'i' ! IT..». ··( .-t~e.n~re~i~irtqt§abllity _a·nd ttie correspondlnq
1. _He is. in the service at thEi'lime·-qf ffisabJlity or .ll... ~ ~laenefitsiheref~({RA\N9.8291, Sec. 19). . ..
· ?· If lie is· separated .fron:i·~~ice..{h~h8t~J>a~~!- (Ii,!\ . .. .. J · . · \. _(
least 36. monthly oontr1but1ops.;;$1thint~e-S:year 1:!'rffofe:'?X~y.
fl-~~- · · . .·.
d1sa~1nly q.rtl Jury as a result of, or due-to
·
'· "period trnmedlatety preMetfiFi§idisabil_itt, or-;t1~_..::..li~ ~gr:~ve m ,sc'ol"ldi.l,l;1>~ pipatiori_ in· riqts1 gross and .
. · .: 'paid-atotal of at least ~80.rn0n,ihly conttibuti_op·~ 1i1 .7i)ri?3xc1,1s qle .ne Uger:ic~ •. under" the influence of
·. · - prior to· the (:llsabilify (if?.':A~d.. 8.291Jf~ec. f!:2_~dmgs!/rff.eJ5rlho:or Wil~ul -lntentlon to .injure or kil!.
· · ·. (a)). · · ·. · ¥.. ,,;:if)~ ~-"".~,-,.. \ fi_.,f·
;_'. 1 ,61'i1mseJf ~ncith1Eir,.;..stfa 1. nQf .be.compensable (IRR
.· , . .: . . · · ~·u \..1f
, . ,·\ ·· y~~- • ~ ,,.,....._~ • • ,J ~ 7 " ., 1
"-..:.< ~ ~-- .~eil'i · ,F-_,ifjj-1)1,/'fi.9· 82lf1, Rul!/V Sec: 23. 2A).
·
·
.
_Pen'nane_nfarid Partial Dlsa"f~JUties:,~ -- . (S"' ·s:I'~ '~,,.. __~';,i :/.:. . f.. _-. . . · .... ' . .
1. Complete a11d P~~manent t~.:>s of tit~ use.~~#~.·f!(i,V:ors_wp_.B~n.~pt · . ·, .. : . ..:. . .
' .. a·;. Any.fing1?,_r;. ·' ·. ·, . ~- · . :SctcN~t;Jla~._l;;ienef1t exJ~nded:!9.·quah~1eq ~ep,e_r:identsof
: . b. Any toe; ·. · ·· · · " . )1""""-~ -- ._r,_1:ee~sewd !'" S!§:". pens.19ner or member. The
~- _·e. OheJm:n;. . . , -~~.<--9ii"'~=~~.v~·J1ij~-nsfoi:-i·shall-co·nsisfo~:·.: .·
.. ·., . cv One hand;· · . . . . ~, .iv l A
""r·:. f\..\:~~si.;rs"Eirviv.orship.perislpr:i v.it,ich is· 50% qf the
' e.: . One foot; . · . _. ~ . \! 1.["1:.:.:'.:;l?..as1c.m?hthly pension;.ar,id ·: . . · · · .. ·.: ..
... f. · "One leg;·.. ·· · ·~,~~·pependentchirprer)'spehsipnequivale'nMo 10% ·
·g. ·,One or botH.eais;:. . .. ·.:of.the basic monthly. per:isloiffor.each· chli_d not .
. 1:1. -~H~arin.9 of 1:or b9tt,i ear.s;" and ·· · . exceeping ~0% of-·tt,e.' bas1~ monthly pension
l. · .. Sight of 1 eye; . · : . ·(R~ ...No: _8291, -Sec. 20).· .:·· · ·
·2,. Such 6ther.-cases·as, deterrnine<;I by the GSIS·. . .. · ·. ·.....
(R.~ .. No.-.829·1, Sec, · 17(b)): . . ·co_n.~Htiorj"sfor !:nti.tl_em~nt...
·The primary -and. __ see::bnd~ry beneficiaries, ~xcept
:Temp~~a·ryTPt~I-Disability Be~efits deperide.nt _chilpren, shall. be entitled· to:applicable ·
· The· ~eriibe:r shall be e.ntitl~d to. 75% ofJhe·current survivor.ship benefits, . sul:>ject. tq ttie . following:
daily compensation-_for eactJ day or fraction ·thereof : (BIR~LC) :' ·. ·. · · .·. . . . . - . .· .. · .
of ternp.oraiy -~isk!bility (R.A. -Np_. ~29°1, .Sec, 18). · ·.1. Nbt gainfully"engaged.in·.§.usinei,s or.economic·
. : .. a~tivity (seJHmiployeq); ·· : : · , .. ·· .•
¢onc.fli1ons~ (120,ESTE-70) . · · · . . 2. ·Employedtengagecf.in a'bU$iness or 1;1conomic ··
· ·1, .·suqh benefit· shaJI not .exceed 120 ..day~ In 1 activity b.u~ receiving !ncor:ne less. "than Jhe.
·.· calendar year; .. . .. . ' ~ :minimu.m: · _compensati9n · ·qf . government··
.2,· Employee. has gxhausted all "his .si~k leave ... ·· ·.employees; . · · · . . : · : . .. .·
· . credits and coll.ectivtfbargaining.agreement sicll- 3: Not Beceivi,:ig._any other· pension ·fror.n:th~ ~Sl.S
. lec;1ve benefits•; : . . : . . . or another · local or · foreign institutton · .or- ·
at
. 3. . He is in ·§ervice the tjme of his disabili~y-; or if · · Organiz;;ition; · ·. .. · . . ·
sepa·rated, he· has rendered_ at leasr 3 .years of

· 292 .I 2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRAUZEQ BAR OPERA"J:IONS

 SOCIAL LEGISLATIO·N·,·
SA.N BEDA LAW CeNTRAt/ZED BAR_ OPERATIONS - ME"MORY AID 2019
...... iiif. . UWEME
~ r

"' . 4. Not engaged in any gainful Qccupation as · 2. · When only dependentchildren are the s~rvivor~,
1" . defined in-Sec. 2 (p) of RA 8291; · · ·. ··· they shall be 'entitled to the. basic survivorship .
,t
t,
5... The . surviving spouse and .the· deceased- - .
member were Living ·together as husband and
·. pension as ·long as they are qua_~ified, plus t~e ·
. dependent children's pension eqwvalent·to 1 O Yo
1?·· wife; and · - ·· · · of ·th·e basic monthly pension . for every
'i/-· 6. In the .case .of the ·dependent."spol,!se, payment . dependent child riot exceedinq 5, counted.from
:r. - . of the basic survivorship pension shall f.ontinue ·the youngest and without substitutton. . .
f. when .he · remarries. cohabits, or engages in ·3. When the .survivors are the dependent spouse
,,_. common-law relationsnlp (/RR of R.A. No. 8291, and the dependent children, the dependent
Ri./le /.V, Sec. 24.5). spouse shall .. receive the basic. survivorship
. pension for lif~ or until he/sni:) remarriei,, and the .
_Note: The for.egoing conditioris;except.the la.st ohe- ·. 'dependentchildrenehatl receive the dependent
must be present immediately preceding the death of . _ct)ildcEi'11's pension menjiorredinthe immediately

f.f -the ·member or pen~ioner,-(/RR of R:A No. 8291,

_Rule W, Sec. 24.5). . . ·
· · .·. precedi.rig paragraph ·2 hereof (R.A. No: 829J, .
· . Sec.. 21 (b)). ·' . · .· ·.·. · .. , · · : ·.

Death ot.a M~mber . .

:;,:" · . If ·.there are ~o. primary_ beneficiaries, :secondary
t Upon a ·dea!h of a member, the primary b_enaficiar:i_es 'beneftciaries are e·nti"tled.fo: · '. . · · : ·
~- . shall be entitled to only one of the following: · .' · 1. Cash. payment equivalent to 100% of his
;,. 1 ... surv.ivorship Peinsion; · . . · . »< average rnonthlyccrnpensation for each year/of.
~'. C .. d.It·, - . . . .
on ons ·
.
·
· '. ·. . /~·:rd .
.. . 13
/ · • /,(·.'",
service he .·pafd>contribtitions, but 'not -less. than
·· · h · · b ' ·
·a: The ..-de~easedwasiotheseNrce.atth~/i~~/<4\ .. P12,_00Q;_Provided, t~at t e mern_e_r_was in
· f h: d th' · · · . -:--- · · · v1<.:,·? 1; l . if·\ service at.the time of his death and has rendered
IS ea ,.or ti fa._y { erv'ce·a d .
O
b. If separated from the service, "he· ,.nas· ·:·-,...·~·..--<;r~..
·\·f /J ,,. ,}
t e.~s,0; •• ears O s. 1 • ~ ·. . , .
ren.dered at: lea~t 3 years o( selviqe;l'!Yuf'e(ff~..t{2.1.;.:itJ.tm,,~~je~ce
.
t1.r;ne_ o
·f h. · .d th
1s ea
d · 'd ~~r,,;:,00-lhly· rr
an pa, r.:1';',Y" .. , ::i. n .
contributions within- "·the . 5:-Y.e.:\i;; · periof!:.-;1 .... 8291' 5,··:· 21 c · ·
·· ·il
· benefits
l'fi ,
pf seco~d?ry benefi~1anes! such
be pafd to his legal heirs (R.A. No.
f )) . · ·. · .
· ·
immeaiately preceding his de~tn-;for.,· 1 / f.;\ · . I! :tit :\ · : . .
If l df rvlce· h 1-i ,)shaidii total ;_ I,;,( Note•. F9r !Utf]OSes of surv1vorsh1p. benefits,
5!3thl
c, · fs_etplar~te18'0°m .. Jt.,,,.bat.''f,r-..,,-:::
1 .t rrA. iegitlmatii chi 8re~· · shall include legally ad6P.ted and
o a eas . mon _>:;conn u rons pnor o~-· 'l 1 .. ·· .,rd • ild (RA ·N . 8291 ·5· 21·1d") .
. de~· th. ·(RA £.,j3.,,.1 )(1)' '' .. , .. · . f '" c
h 1s__ N ndg·"·-"S
. . . . o. ~r.-, v ,.fil;;:,:.<-J\ 1•.a _:,.,. . {,i . "-F..-/;,"':'o.-.,,z.'/;jr:.,,•, :9. . . . o. ·
eg1t1m~e re , ec. · 1, 1 • .

2.
· -.SUN.ivorship
· . · · Pension
. ·,s «-<!)-- ·~ V. ~'(~-,"'-:/,<//'X/,..J
p1U$.,._,~~Frz)l?ayn"\e~r· ·i:,1 _.Fun~ral·~~t~.
11 · ··
.
. .
· . : ·. · .
.
. .-
,•
!

.. equfval.ent -to 100%· _of )~is ::--?.¥~9e{h101"1tqly . t;ci . :In a~ an:,oun_t_f1~ed~y the GSIS ~ules and r~gulat19ns
compensation for every year of"ser;vice;}df . t/P:. . ,p4t~should not be l.ess than P12,~00, to be ~ncreased
· ·
. C!)_ncfi.tions:
· . : · . f*'~ ·."
· .
"''""'"t'><-5~~1,~1~-'.'\,~t.
",/' · : ~:?~.--~·elei?tti_~f~f~.SPR)· : · ·
P18,000 atter·s years!.p~ya~le upon the
, . · . ·
a. Employe·e .was in service af·dh.,.,et,itrie'-of ·. L · An·8ctive ~ember; .. .
death; a·rid · . .' · · . · ',';)';/J · · · 2.. A. mecnber wh_o has .been . .§.eparated from th,e
b. i-tas rendered at teast 3 ·years 'br· service· · ·· serv.ice, buf who may be : entitled to . future :-
(R,A. Nb. 8291, S~c. ·21 (a)(2))-;°.. . .· : benetfit~. . . . .
· .. ....._ . . · ,. · . . ·· · ·. · . .. · . . · .. . :. 3. , A f emiion~r; 9r . . . .
:~· 3. Cash payment _equivalent to · 1.00%.. of his.... 4. A Retire~·who at.tli!3 tim!a of his·reljremen~·wa·s : .
"£. , . average morithly ·G·ompe.nsatio·nfor eact,i· year of. of pensionable-age but Who opted to retire under .
· service he p<;1id.contributions,-b'ut not less than· RA. No. 1616 (R.A"N°o: 829"1, Sec: 23). .
P12, 000. . . . . ··, . '·. . . · · .
·. N·~te:.The-a·moun"t_~ffuneral benefit is currently fixed.
Condition~: . . . . · at P30,QOO (G_SIS_News/etler',"ls§JUB·NO. :(-2015)..
-a. :· E,np_Jox_e~i_·has rer.idered at feast' 3_ years .of
. · servis;e· prior to his death; qut . '· fun~~al Benefits ·a're. payabl~ ··,to· any qua.lified .
. b. He· failed to qualify undeF items .1 and 2 · ·-individual; in accGrdance ~ith the"(ollowing·otder of
··mentioned above (RA No. B_?.91, Sec. 2.1 priority: · ·
(aJ(3)}." . ·· · · : ·. 1. ·; Legiti~ate spouse; .
2. L~gitimate child who -spen~ . for the funeral.
Payment of S.ur:viyors_tiipPe~sion . .
. servi.ces; or -. . .
The survivorship pensio,:i shi:111 be· paid as folloi,ys:
·,: 3. ,o;ny._ot_herperson wHo c~n show incontrovertible
·1. Wheri "the dependent · spouse is. · the . only
. ·survivor,, _"tie/she . shall . i:eceive- the basic ·proof that'he sl'l~ulderei:I the funeral expenses of
the de.ce~se,d. (/RR ofRA 82~1, S~c. 25.1). ·
. survivorship pension for' life or until he/she
remarries.

2Ql9 SAN BEDA-LAWCENTRALIZED.BAR OPERATIONS 1. 293

 socrxi, LEGISLATION
SAN D"EDALAW Cf!'JTRALIZEDOAR OPERATIONS: ME/1,JORr AID 2or9
WWi!B IWMIMR CWIAIES ,a,,we:a
Life Insurance Benefits make findings. of . fact. ard submit
1. Compulsory·L'ife Insurance . . . recommendations thereon. . · .
Compulsory "upon · all. . employees. except 2 .. The hearing officer shall submit.his flndings an,d
, members of the. AFP and the PNP (R:A, No ... · recorrimendatioAs, together with i:!11. the
8291, 'Sec: 24). · , .. . documentary .i:ind tes.timooial evidence to. the .
2: Optional Lif!:l.1.nsurance .. Bo.ard within 30 working days from .the. time the
S1,ibject·to. th~ rules· and. regulations 'prescribed _parties have closed :their respective· eviden.ce .
by the GSIS,a membermay apply for insurance and 'filed their last pleading. ..
and/or : pre-need coverage embracing life, 3. Tile Board shall decide. ~he case within 30 days
.. health, hospitalization,. education;. 'memorial -fr,om ·the receipt of the· hearing officer's ·f~ndings · ·
plans, 81'.Jc;:I such other plans as may be desiqned . and recommenqations: . . . ,•. .
by the GSI$;· for himself and/or his dependents.. 4 .. · The. cas.es heard c;l\rectl}i' bY. the Board shall be
Ariy . employer. ni'ay _ likewise . aP,ply for group . · decided within 30 working days. from the· time
insurance coveraqe ', for- its . employees. "The . , · th.ey are. sqbmiitei:I by. the parties fc:ir deci?ion ·
payment of . the . premium~/in.staflm~nts· for ·(:R.A. No.' 8291, Sec. 30) ... · ·: . . . .
optional insurance and pre-need.products may·
'be·m~de by. theinsured.or hisemployer and/or Appeal .' . . . . .
.any person acceptable to the G$1S. (R.A. No. .1. · Under- Rules 43 arid ·45 of.the Rules of Court of
. : 8291,'Sec: ~6)... : · '··. ·, .- · . · :_:~,,..,...~99?; .. :· ··. ·.. : · ... · · .· ·
· : . . · · ·. '; : · . ·· . ·. · . ._/'~ . y 1 K .;cc1s.,~spen~i'ng_ before the effectiyity of the.1Jl97 .
AutomatlcPolicy Loan:(Y,L) :-:. ,i-K-_. . i~ l.J
J-\/RJle~0{,,Courtshall beqoverned by the rules in
The AP'7 is a feature ot.a GSIS· life iosu~nc1eW6l!;s:Y"'"=---:u-s'<'.-,,~,fQrc1faµh~.time;_ . . .. . . . · . :. .
· that k~ep~the poll.<:Y[n force-in c;a~e\!'1~~~B~Yllien.t· ~- . -·- . 3.._::;(\~!af. J:?'~1ake pr~ceden.C?~ . o~!:)r. ~riy· case_
Of prE:~lUf!JS _by t~k1ng. O.Ut a. foa~!m~~~$!9~!.f.!~t.-tt:te•""Jt~~,e.?,<~ept~,'2fnl~r\c~ses wher~. f!fe. jmprlsonment .

R.A: No. 8291, Rule- JI, se« rl)..

. · · · · .1
t.
unrestricted portion > :of t_h~ · ;:&°),fY~·J3ccum1,ilat~e, T··, '*J? · or 9:ec1tX'or;~i:f.]/L!S.(On
Cash Value (_QV) or Termma~~,n~luf (7VJ (/RR .'/ff jf~ ~ Appwa.1 sl\c;1lf~oJ~~ay _th,e ex_ecut_1_on of the order ~

·?~. . . ~-----:--
The· ~p~ sh~ll gnly be. apph~e:-"Jttt~ pohcy·~as:~r--~
i . .. "
~rusiees
~-~-l:\bj
perpetue is_ •_mposed; . ·. · .

. · or a,ward·\~Pjl~)~~rderE!d by the Board of

.. of_w:i~~,S,by·the C_o\Jrt of.Appeals.,·.
the ,$Ug>telT)!3 t: ourt: :c!~d. . . . .' ...
. .-1 .. An·unpc!ld pi:-e~ium·~fte~tQ_es@~acepenfd; anf~l.:l·ApP,ealsha~IJ~e,..yrtf,i~~t fireJUdtce to tt,e special
. 2. f;am~d 'sufficient cy o~!W.ftqJovrJ~unp~~~: -- -S:.....:..-9.!. ~l./'%9,P!'<Jll f ce1i~'rar.i.wh~A ·pro.re: (R.A. No.
l·l . ~1~(~?ec.1191-JK '(,t
.. : :. · · . ·
. prem,.~ms or a frac;t,qn t~~t<'h°\~rn ~tt~)tro~~.::~rt. 1
mclucjmg corr~spond,ng \~terest<.ther_·. \..~· -_~;oA
. R.A.No. 8291,.Rule_l': Sec. 7.1):,. i..P ~,;· . . ,~.7:tl t. ~~:..d _
3~~- .. ifo.-.i~r. ,, . :If . · . . . . .· · :
0

rcf'. . . . :. . . . .
: · ·,. · ·· .··· \ . . ·"".,~- .. A'Jfl' . c~1~.or,awar shall .be·executed-1n the same.
. Loan G_r'ant . : . . . ~'. ' . -~ Sc1E- '-'1,.11·it1'a!)er 9S'ir:r' th~ ~ c. . •.. . . . .' .
~SIS funds may b~ inve~ted: · . ·.. , ..,·,'~ ;::::~·~...J.bilB~r.i;!~s the ·power to .i.ssue to'.th~ city or
1 .. rn· dire.ct housing· roans· to rr:iem ~rs(~rgiqa~Rf'd1~n9ia_1s~e.r:iff'.or its..appointed shetiff w.rits of
1
' hp~$ing ,P~ojec!s secLJr~d. · by.)i~~c.'Jct~_lge,- 1--: 11.1\-\~e~ylierifor._the el)forcem,ent of su_ch decision
, g1v!.n9 pnonty to:th~ low.1ncome-~foups~~ L'J:~_9b:a@ard.. · · ·. :. . . . · _.:. : .. .
2. In .short and med1u1:tHerm .loans to :~emll.~rs--~, _Any.person·wno. falls or refuses to·co.mply after
. such as s~lary, policy; ed\ic<1tional, ·em!3r.gerjcy . ~~ . bein:g r~quired fo, do ·so sha·11; · upon application .
. . s~ock . purchase·. 'plan. and·. otfier 'similar..' loans by the GSI S, be punisf.led for.contempt-(R.A.-No.
. .
· (RA No. 829.1, 'Sec.. 36f . · . . .:82J)t,'·$ec.. 32). · .. ' . ' .. , .
:· Adju~ida~ibn· ·.. .of • Claims ' ahd · ·mspute.s. · ·Exemption from Tax, L!;)gal Proce~s and Llet:i
. · ·Pr.es.ci:ipti9~·of Claims.:· : . . Tf:le GSI$, its assets, revenues ·and- bene~ts paid
· Shah · p.rescrip.e . after ;4 · ye!:)rs from date of shall be exempt from all taxei,; assessrner:,ts• .tees, · .
. ·. contjrigency, . except lffe .and.:·'retir.ement, benefits . : Gharg~s .or cl uties ·.of all kinds (R,,4:. No. · 8291,. Sec;
.(R.A.'No, 8291; Sec. 2.Br .· . .' . · . . ' , ·. · 39). . . .
· J1,1risciiqtion. : .. .:-· · . .
· · . . GS.I~ has original.-and exclusiv~ jurisdictfon to s~ttle .Viol~tions:oftbe GSIS 'taw with'l?enal Provisions ..
-any dispute arising uhder this Act an.d'any oth~r raws l. . Commitfed·by Private 'rndi:viduals: (POF).
· administered
. .. . by·theGSIS
. :·. (RA·No.
. . 8291,-Sec.
. .
30). \
a. '.:Earticipating directiy or· Indirectly In the
. c.pm~ission·of:fr~ud, do)l!,Jsion.~.falsifit:atloh; :.
· .. Procedure .or misrepr~s'eti~\ion iri any transaction' with
·1-,. The Board may·designate,any·:rnember the of. 'the GSIS whether for the perpetratoror fo·r
Board, ·or.ol'.flcialofJhe GSIS:who is a lawyer, to :·som~·other persons; ·
act as HEARING OFFICER to receiv~_evjdence,

.294 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALiZED BAR OPERATION$

·\
 so·c1AL LEG:rSLATl:tl·Kf ·. · :·_'. .-·. ·:·.<·/i ... ·.·. :_·_,:,
SAN BtDA !AW CE/'IT'RALIZEOBAR OPERATIONS- MEMOFl'f.A/p2oi9. ' . ,
MN IPWiiff±M . . . • .
. .
b. Qbtaining or receiving any money· or ·check
invoking any provision bf this Act or any
;3greement · thereonder, without being LiMITED. PORTABILITY' LAw.
entitled thereto with the intent to defraud any :, · (R~A ..
.- ";
No .. ·7699) · ·.
· member, anyemployer, _the G$1S, or any
\ ..
. third party; or . ·
c .. ,!:ailing . or: refusing ··to comply with the . Ari Act institutirig,U,;,ited ..Portaf)if!fy •Sch~me in. the
, provlslons ·of .this' Act Of Wi.th the rules and : Social Sec;urity insurance Systems by Totaliiing ·the
. · regulations-adopted bythe GSIS. Workers'.· Cred[tap/e. ·services· or. Contribµtions. in
Committed·. by Officers and. Employees of the · Each of_the·systems.·
GS:IS: (RAMP) ·. ,.: · .. ·. . . · ·
a.: 8$Ceivin'g or' keeping by ·any employee. or ·. 'Note: R.A.' No: 7699 -institutes'· a 'scheme for
· member·.· fund "or property peii;mgirig, '... .totalizatjan a~d- portability Of so~i~I security benefits,
p·a'yable or. deliverable to· the · GSIS and . . .. · ·"' . · _ . . .· . · ..
· appropriatinq the same, or taking or" A covered worker who-transfers employment from
· rnlsapprepriatinq or u~ing the same to any onesectorto'enother oris employ~.d·!cr both eectors
· · purpose other- .than that ·authorized by thls shallhave his· creditable services or contributions in
Act; or 'p13rmitting another. 'person to -take, . both Systems cre.difed-.fohis service or contributi'on ·
.· misappropriate or.use said fund or property record lireach_.ofthe·systems·and shalt be-totalized
. • by. expressly eo,:isentfng ~hireto, or through__/") for the. purposes of-olct:-~ge',. disability, survivorship,
·: . _abandonment or negligence, or ..is ptber.v,i.l?e'/1,) and other benefits in casethe covered member does·
· - · g~il~ of t~e misapp~op·ri~tion of sai~ f.u~c:l· ~r/{ ;;?, n':'t q·u_alifyfo,i ~uc~ benefits 1~ either or both Syst~ms
. . p~~~~rty, I~ Whole _or in part: .· .. · . . -rJ•·\! 1•0 d.•+ without.... totah.Z:8bon:. -.ProV1ded.,. however, • ~hat
b. ·Failing. lg include m the. ~r.mual budget) ~e_,_._. •'A ilL;.P.Y,~,!:}apping-renods of membership shall be. credited
· . _amount corresponding to 'the -e'!lploY.,e~~an.91,:,·,·!Ii ~i.~'.-01:1f~<.i;9Re-t9tJotalization '(R..A: No: 7699, Sec.3).
· employee contributions, oF failil"\g,~fusing,"'' lif . ,, --..::...ti.!!.y.!\- . . · · · .
~r delaying·,by more thaii _30 ·!'.J_~ys".fromth<,e~.-n. _Policy of t~~J\tate: (~!T) · .. . _.
. t1m~. such. amoun_t- .~ecom?~/RueJ,a~,::..:-}.·1.. 1. ~ro_rn~10~~f·.worl<er~· welfare.by re9ognizing
d~m-~nd~bl.e,or;deduct_1ngJtJJll' tti~Mll~nthly .• t.'J . th_e1_r:~ffo~ts_11;t,productrv.eencte:~v~rs; _ .·· ...
f.:. · . _c:::o~!nbutions ~f the,~my.Jp'.yee; · ~~-·~ .,;_~ . ,~) · 2. !mpr9verqen~t.workers'co!1d1t1pns_.by prqv1dmg .
~.\ ...--.. _ c, .. Fa1hrg t_o re~1t ~he ~~-~~ply :.9~-•n.?.ut1oi=:13r."
L· . . 1oan amort1?at1on · \tr.onr.-=-a.;.,,,~,e".".~r:~ ·
J-,rJ
:·~ ·. . ~!!?,~;JP~~~~~g.yearso! contnbu!mn to the ·
n1,JtJQt,1ai~~!=:9f.l0';!:p,and, · · .· . · · ...
· 'compensc1tion··by any '~aiploye-~(.~ith1~9:· :;r · 3.· ·Iotalitrump~a·na. portability: of· so~ial. security .
-day,s from 1he_ date they'sno.Y,.td-'ha\e·_bee'n \ 1.,,:; . ben~fifs with the view '(if establi'shing. within_ a.·
pe
. i-f::rryitt.~d u~d·er, ~ec. 6(a) ~l'lil111 -~~~s_un;1'd: [!;.;,--:y.:-;cea~nable· period :·~,:· u~itarY.. social se..GQr.ity ·
· to.have been rn1sapp_rppnatedfp~ ·. ,,, :._,,.,.·i~··-'"~:J:i:tJ.syste~ (RA,.No. _'('6_99;-Sec. 1).
d:. -Failinp~. refusing, or delaying1,l),r fa~~(.11F-"..--;--~~ : · .. · ·. · :
· turnover, _.remittance., ·or dE:li~ftY t>j"Jthe · ·.eoverag~:-CTR) .. ·.·- · . .- ·· . · :_ . . .
l')eads: · of. the. bffices· . of.· -th~®ional · . All '.worker~meml;>ers-of.tre GSIS and/qr-!;,SS: . ) .
g_overnment, its political 5.u!)ai.visions, · 1-. . _Whq Ir.alisfer from ·o.ne ~ectcir'to anqther; arid · . ·
... bl'anches, _agencies· and'- h1s~'tfrn'ent~lit1es, ·2. Who.wish_ to Bet~in. thei.r'meiTI_b,ership in bcitl)
. · .Jncluding government-owned p~ controlled . . · ··systems (IRR'.of R.A: No. 7699, Sec.A). · · .
. ' corporations 'and.: ·government·· finaricial:, .
. ins'tftuti.ons;· and:Ahe ·~persor:iriel ·of' supt:, ~9_,:itrib~tio11s\ef~.rto .thaf. p'aid by Jhe ·$mpJ~yer or
. offices who are involved. in the-collectio·n of· wc;,rker eithe.r to f~e GSIS or the SSS_ on a~countqf
*' . ;·: · ·. ~remi~m .coiJt~ibutions, · toari ·.amorti_zatiop· · 'the workers membership (RA /Yo. 7699, Sec. ~(a);
"' . an.i:l. other accounls due the·. GSIS ~ithin 30 · /RR.of. R:A. N~.' 769!{~u{eJif,_·sec. l(~?.)· · · ··
f. .. days.from th~ time that the· same shall.have ·

r. . . . <
-:1 , • • . . ·. been _due and 'ctemandable :(R.A.' tfo: 8291,
52t - . . .
S.ec:
f · :VVho·.n:i~y fi!e a O_rimih~I Ac.tlori . · . .: . . · .
. . .. . . . . ·. Totalizati~ri Jeter~ to t~e p~qcess of adding· up·_the .
periods'ef cre'ditaqre·~ervices:or .cof-!trib,utions.under.
13ach of-the· _syst~cri~-.'for purposes· of ~ligibility and
computation ..of !Jehefllif (R.A. No'.· 7699, Sed, .2(e);-
·,/ ._: ·Criminal· actions arising from· yiolations .of R.A. No. . · :. '/RR _ofR,.A_'. No. 769~; Rµ/e Ill, Se~. 1·.(e))... ·. ·. ,~.
•: 8291 . and · 'these. ·. ·lrn'plernenting · Rules and
-~ Regulatjons, .m.ay. be .'initiated· by 'the aggrieved Portabjlity·'refers to the·. transfer. of·funds ~o~· th'e·· .
J, · ·. mel'T)b_er, .e1ther. und:er the ·pfovislons. 9f .R.A. ~o .. ~ccount and benefit' of a worker w.ho transfers from
~ :· .8~91 itself or, as -_app'ropriate,·under the Revised -one system ~o thE3·. other iR.'A;.No: 7699, : Sec, 2(b)
. ·:P.enal Code (RA No. 8_291? $ec:._5? P9r IRR of R.A No, '7699, Rufe Ill, Sel;., 1 {b)).
. ·.
.
··-.

ems SAN BEDA LAW CENTAAL!ZED BAR O~ERATJONS' I 295

 .·soCIAL LE.GI.SLATl"ON
SAN smi>."LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERAnous - MEMORY A1D 2019

Creditable .Services 6 .. §.uch other· benefits common to both Systems

For th~ public sector, the· following. _sh~II. be
considered ·creditable services; (ACS-OP)
1. All .prevlous -servlces . rendered : by , an
official/employee pursuant to an AJ)pointment·
whether permanent; provisional Qr temporary.
2. -All' · _previous services · . rendered · by · ~in
officfallEHTlployee pursuant to a c;!uly approved
appointment to· a. position in the· ~ivjf Service
·with comperisatlonor salary; . . · ,·
3. · The:' period during which 1:1n offlcial/ernployee
was ·on 'authorizad §lck leave of absence without ,
· · pay not.exceedinq-t year: · · : '.' .
4: the period during·w.hich an offlclslcr employee
that may. be availed of through totalization (/RR
ot R.A. No. 7699, Rule /II, 9ec.10)).
· · ·· Totallzatlon shall · apply In the · follow1ng
instances:
.1. If a worker.ls not qualified for any· benefits from
. : both-Systems; . .
2. · · If a worker in the public sector- is not quallfied for
any benefits In the GSl9; or . ··
3.· · ·1t a worker in the private 'sector is not qualified
tor any benefits from· the SSS (R.A. No. '7699,
Rule \(, Sec. ·3).
c' ,

· : . was 'Qut of, the service as· a result of illegal ·. Fqr the. purpose of computation of beneflts,
· termination· of his service as 'finally decided .t:>y -totalization shall apply in .all cases so . that. the :
the proper: authoritiesjand .,.. , . " .. : . contributions made by the worker-member 'inboth
5: All :Rrevious services· with . cornpensanon or Syst~ms shall -provide maximum benefits which .
· · , .salary r.ertdered byelective offlclals (!RR of R.A.~,;,..oJherwise will riot be-available. In no case shall the
· No. 7699,./J'!le 1/f;~ec. 1(0)._ .··~:
. . .· ..
.. .,~··
. . _ · · 1>-.. ., .
1u:jt.~1.9,.'if?u{f;~~
·
~~l~_tion__be lost or· fof~eited (!RR ae»: No .. ·
Sec. 3). .
Period·of Contribution · . . · ·. ·<"."· ):'t';,;...=---==,., ._:; .{ ff: ,...,~~-, · . . · ·. . ·· ·
·. For -the, private sector, the ·peri~9€l.r-of Cj),A{pl=>1:ltl'on . · .Not~ -YJI~ qualifies· for benefits in both
· · · shall· refer to the. periods during ~·(fs,~~,~i:.s91'f""""'"~yst~m~i~t~izati~ 4 shall not apply (/RR ot R:A. No.
renders ·se"".'ices f?r an.e_mplo~fc®tti ?'pinp. nsati'li!)J '"1.F ~?1399, Rule'~t~1%· · .. · ·.
· or salary and dunng_ which c,9ntnbt1tlr;ms ere.paur -,61~ · Lt~ \ . · \, { . . ~: ·. . . . .
·to, sss:· For" the purpose o,f. thi~ fectio?,, a sel,f. , . If after tq,talizalioe-_tfi.e'wor'ker-member still d0es,not
.employ~d _person shall be si~~~ir.~d.an frn~Toj~ ~1?,'a~i!yf~r-·any \~Q.!}:fl\]~t~d. the member will_ then
and el'.l'.)ployer at,the same~Hime-;(;RR o.t'r.[?:A:-,i!fp':-:-:i e:;::ff~U·'wh_?teve~ 1Bene.\1ts ,correspon<;l to· ~his/her
· 16~~· _Rule Ill, Sec, 1"-(g)) ..:_ ;· <F··,: : ._. . ~ t :"· .p~JT@).:tin!rib~ion '.n ·e11gie,::9,rHbot~. System~. (IR~ of RA
. . . t t....i·t ( j\ ... , ~-~-No. 76j/f:_cf?};lte )r, _Sec.t1· . . .
The .'creditable services or1;1c.o'"lt~i~uti~Q~\~~~n~~- ·· .i·~~.. : 7~~(· if~<_f , ·. · . ·. · ·. . .
syste"?s shaU be: '(GT)... \.V .,, \ .. ~~\; ..;: · · ~(~e;jP.~61h~f.ottHek y~te.ms· · . . .

·. · each of tr,~ SY$~ems; and_::)~: .'l'~ ~-r~

1 .. ·w~dited fo their se~ici:; o\_c;<jntri~ti~Q'.r~~r~iQ_:1 . ·'-~':~gl'S.~l),JI·the

2, Io~a_lized _for purpose·? of :~d-ag~~-91.sl-ti._®t,_;[E1'>.f-.f{~r:l".loe~<and/or

S~S shal!. be,responsit:,le f~r t!J.e.
t_/r(eori;lfng.pnd docttf01entat1on of tbe. creditable.
. Biriods . of contr_ibu·uons of ·the .
,.. sµrv1"'.orsh1p and. _other beneflts 1n-µs~.,..!ti~:::J:..:.".,~-m~rri.Pers-f,e~,ge9tfvely (!'RR of R.A.. No. !699,. Rule
covered rnem~':'r_ ?Oes ·not qua!~;f~;:,-.S~~>ar-~,,,.,,\1/~~e-i\lAccfred_ltat!on
~SI~ ~l')efits lfl either 9r_ both sys!~~~1.W,out.
·. · t~t~l1:zat1on (RA_.-~o. 7699, Sec: '3).:· · ~~,
1vlAif
UJ..~~t$
c;,f·services or,·perio~~ .of
'1FJ!',ut~~ft!'Je ~empers shall be. ur,ic;:lertaken'by
.for the publtc sector .c!hd b.y t~e SSS for t~e .
, · . .• · . .. .. · . . . ,. . . , """"1fr1vate sector (!RR .of R.A,. .. .No, 76[)9, Ruff! VI, Sec. ,
Note:. In. case of ~~erlapping periods of me'mbt::rshlp, . · · 2). . · . ..· · · ·.. . . . ·. . · · · ,· ··
it" ~hall l:>e ·credited. only.. once for· purposes of · · · · ·
totali~ajioo::(R.A.·No. 7699, Sec. 3): .. · . . : l?ro·porti(?l"!aiify·.of Be!lefits. ·
· · · -, ,., · · · ." Benefiis · to·.. be p:aid by 'the. system·.' shall be in
,,-overlai:ip.lng ot-"periods . . .Proportion Jo _the n\,lmber .ot, contribution.s actually
··Period~·. during· wli_i.ch · fl ·worker .. sJmultaneously·:, remitt~d to that system (R.A,. No~ 7699; Sec.·4). .
contributes to. bdth Systems (/RR' of ~.A. No: 7699,." · · ·· · ·.· · · · ·
'Rifle./[!, -~:ec.· 1 (i)). . .. . . . N~te: All · conlriputiorls· paia .. t;>y · s~ch ··mSmber :
.p.ersonally; anq )_hose that were,' paicf .b.y his ·
. Ba~efi~s:· (0.DS-SMS) :· employe(s.,t~_both.s.ystems (SS$ and GSIS) s!:_laJl..be:.
. · · 1. Qld-age b~nefit; ... · cons_idered in the processing· of benefits .which he·
'2. · .Qisability ben~fit; .. ·: can. dairri .fro111~ eitl:u~.r or- both systems (R.A. No.
. ~- . §.urvivors~jp ·benefit; · _ .. :. 7699, Sec. 4). · ., .. · · · ·
· '4. : · :§.icl<ness benefit;" .
·5, ··Medicare benefit; ..provided that 'the member.
·shall claim said .be.nefitfrom the System where · ·.
he _was a la:>~ nie-mber; a.nd : .

. I . 2019
296.' . LAW
~ SAN BED.A: . CENTRALIZEO
. BAR.OPERATIONS
.. ... ..
 ~··11111..-wm-..11111
f1''o& ... mul!B.__........... .a .. m::1..i.. 1m1sam11~,11111~11:11rmam.11111
.. . I .all9ilill:marmi.....~.:c:~~~I
.. 21111111

r·
j(. .
SOCIA.L LEGIS·LATI.O·N·
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED·flAROPERATIONS - MEMORY-AID 2019
~·.-.-
, ...ma ,wtaeci.. A EM ··~WNisw+& '"·tai-1wse12siw«w. NF
the govemme~t branches, military or police
.,· :NAT1'.0NAL H·EALTl-i . force, . political. subdivisions, agencies 'or.
.· INSURANCE AC1''0F 20.13 instrumentalities, lncludinq . govemm~nt- .
owned ·. and-controlled corporations, .-
;. .. '(NHlA) .. financiai institutions with· original charter,
;'. :. . (R.A~· No; 7875·, AS Constitutional Commissions,. and . is·
occupying either an elective. or appointive
-AMEN'DEP. BY :~.A:.. N·os .. 9241 position, regardless , of · status of
· · . & ;to __6-p6) · appointment. . . , .
b. Privafe Employee r an employee who
::.. renqers services In any of the-followlnq: ·
( ·R.,A. No. J.1223orihf! '.'UN/VERSALj-lEAL..TH·CARE i. . Corporations, · partnerships, or . single
· ·ACT" took· effe.ct on· F'ebru.ary'20, 2019. R,A.' No. . proprietorships; . N.<;,Os, -, cooperatives, ·
,·· 1122~ wi/1.,NOTbe CQ(/E1;_red qythe 20_19 bar. syllabus, . non-profit orqanlzations, social, clvlc, or·
'· ·nonetheless, tor purposes of discussion;· an.outline professlonal or. charitable institutions.
. of sigri;t,carirchanges of'ihe new·law fs ·provir:J'@ a.t orqanized and based- .in the· Philippines
the,..end. · · · including those.forefgn-owned; ...
. ·ii. · Fo'Feign governments · or: inter.na~ional ·
Stat~ Policy · . . .. . , : · · organizations with quasi-state status
:-. It is he.re.by declared ,th~ 'policy of. the State to adopt,./::-- based in the Philippines· which. entered .. ·
::.. an integrated -and comprehensive 'approach t0 Y).( .into· an ·agr.E!ement with the P.hilHealth
. . . health ..development. whicp shall endea~or to l'T}~l<e{r '}\ (Corpor~ti6~f to_' cqver.. their: · Filipino
"essential- good~·. health _and other social ser't!R~f ,.:··.>·1; .. employees m Ph11Health;, arrd
· available to all the people at, affordable cost an~, tq ·.. · i 9 · -r- • iii. -~orelgn business organizations based
'. provide tree medic~! care_ to .pau~e'rs. Jo';N~r<!~1'lh!~·::·\- ·0:~!.:~.:?'''r-' 1,-(a§>roa~• "Yith ~gree·ment . ~ith_. ~he ·
·· .. end, .the Stpt~ shalr·p~~v!de compr~hens}V~1!i~altli~_;-:i'1-( ~-:----1~-~?rpo~atio_n to: cover. their . Fllipino
care servi_«?es to all Filipinos .throug~·;f~oc1al1zeclJ,.\,....c_;-I . · ,6~P~i:>loyees in .Phi1He<;1lth. ; . . . . .:
h~al~~ . i_n:5-u~a,:ice. ptogram _· (Progra,,r]:l.t(~:t1at__w~ ·'-f\ c. Al!:i ©l~f::r . workers renden~g services,
prioritize the .. h~91th · care n~e.g_s·1. -'of-;;? tl'fe ['.;1 w-liiet'frertm government or . private offices,
underpri~il(;l~ed,. ~ick, ·. eld~r!r~per~?,R[\::, wit_~- f 11 . . §'{iohr,asj~~. oraer ~ontract~.rs.·project-based '·
disab11i1i_es-: (PWD-;?);. wom~~:/7.~p~ ~_i~ren . an~_ (·r- _{contr'{l£_to':i~~}1d the like( , · ·. '
.ptovlde free healt~ care serv1Qe!i,:to.J.1:,1.d19~~~(IR-ff.R!· · t'.i · a0·.~rj)~~:S.J?.:.·~1cro EnJerpns~s; · ·. . ·. .
R.A..fYo: !()75, T1tfe J, Se~. 1, 'if!;.,!me[!E.,e~.. _ ·,;;,;_) .''. f/l ·e. ''©.W.Ds).ffi.l,of §mall, · Medium and Lar~e ' j
'· . ·· . · ' · '"2";-,;..,~-:f<t · 17- h:J . Enterp'rises· .: · . · I.

Gener~I.Objectlves... · .. · ·~ .: '\!\' . Jt t'.t."7,'r.-:\ f. .. !:!9U:sehold Help-'- as ~efiried i{l,Republic_Act_ i

,, Th§' NH.f,:'·seek$ t<:> ?Chieve the fo119~i{g.-_9~ctives: ,51;
_j 1.~ ~1':7;-:l.O~q1 or "Kasambahay Law"; and: _. . . ·
(PEP) · · · .. · .. (~·._..r· ·· ,f' ..1.::::.:......:..-.1...:..:,u........:..;:w,,,,_,Family·Pr1vers(tRR of R.A. N0.·7875, Title
i: froV.id~_ a.11 ·citii~ns ·of. the :Phillpp~!1es.:w.iifi;}~e · · · NJ, Rule.I; Sec.:·5, as amended), · · · · •·
.. .. mec~ariism...;to ,galr financial. ac~e~~:t~;1ealth . . · · :·
services; '; · . . . · . · ... -u. · . 2: ·Me~bers .in the. 'lrif~rm.al . E~on€>my ~ 'this .· ..
. . 2. · . Establi$h the· Program ~o serve· asJb.e means· to. .. · . sector would· includ~ but. are. n6.t limited to t.he .
. tielp the people pay.for health c.ate s-ervJces; and following: (MIS-DNP) . . ·. . . . .
3 .. Prioritize· and ·accelerate the provision of hea!tn .. ·a .. Mi'grant Worl<e'rs - .':documented ·._or ..
. · .-services to ·an i=ilipinds, ·esj:,e'ci;3lfythat .segmenL undocum·ente'd'Filipinoswho are engaged.In :
·of· the. , ·.population· who:· cari'not afford the SB a remuner:ated acti-{lty in another c.~>'untryof.
'services .. (/RR ·or R:A ... Nq. }875, · Title I,, Sec. 2, whi~h tt:iey ~r~ riot dti?en~; ... · . . .. ·. . .
:·.
as amended).. · . ·. .. · .. b. Informal Sector - to tti1s · sector belong, .
amorig" oth~rs'; . street . hawkers;-'. ,:nark~t ·...
c·over~ge,·. . \ . . . . .- · .. : ' .... ·.. · . ." .vendoi's,J:>edicab, anc!,.tricyclE;l drivers.small ..
The.Pr.ograrn Shall cover.th(? foll_ow.ing m.embers and ·. construction 'workers.,.- .~nd . hom!,l-base.d .
t_heiq:fepende!_l~s:, ·._. . .. · . : .. -.,-. . ·· ·: ' 'industrjes arid services; . .. . . :
. 1. · Metnbers:in tt,e Formal.E~on.omy.- those with c: §e.lf·Ea'rnlng lndi~iduals '- .individuals who .
. f6rm;;i1 cotitrect~'a!')d fixe'd terms 'o.f.employme'nt. ' render s.ervices' or sell goods as a. mean·~ of ·.
··including workers ii'l the gpv~rr:iment.and private · ·liv~lihood out~ide'of.an employer:empfoy'ee
·. 'sector, ·whose premium· ci:>ntributiori payments· re!atl9nsh.ip br as .a ..ca~e~r. ::rhese. include
are equally stiar.ed. by .th.e employee and the professional practitioners 'includi~g buf not
·einp)oye.r:·(GPOMS;HF)': . · .· --... · .· , · limited ·to. ·9octors, layvyers; engineers,.·
·a. .Government Eihploy~e - an··e~ployee of· artists;architects and the.like, businessmen,
·· 1_he·_.go¥e.rnment, wheth,er r,egular, ~asual or. . ~ntrepreneurs, actors, actr!:)sses a.nd 'ot_her
confractl,lal, who renders servi'?es in .anY. of . perfot.n:,er's, . hews correspondents,

2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS I 297

.' •-~· ~,ifi:.~'!:!

.•<!·
.<)~
 • IN&- SS a
:so"c:l.A_L.LEGISLATlON.
SA.N BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAA OPERI\TIONS -ME('{IORY AID 2019
HWi M4W44ifiMIAMIISit3¥15 PiiWIIM&f EliWl9iUt¥il

professional athletes, coaches, trainers, and contrib'utions (/RR of R.A No. 7875,
such other individuals; . . Title Ill, Rule], :$ec; 5, as amended).
· d. Filipinos with Qual Gitizenship - Filipinos b. Retirees/ Penstoners fro'm the. Private
· whoare also citizens-of other countries; · . Sector . .
e. Naturalized :Filipino· Citizens -. those .whb i. SSS Pensioners prior to M1arch 4, 1995.
have become : Filipino citizens through. . · ii. · .SSS Permanent .. Total Disability .. ·
naturalization · · as governed . · by· Pensioners prior to March 4, '1995; .
Commonwealth Act Ne. 473·or the Revised. jjf. :sss !Death/ Survivbriship Pensioners'
Naturalization Law; and · prior to March 4·, 1995; and . .
f, · Citiciens of: . Qther countrle's · workln·g ·iv ... S$S .· Old-aqe . Retirees ·who. have ...
.ani:f/or ··residing in the Philippines ·.:... reached t.he·ag~ of retirement on or after
to.reign. citizens with valid. workjng permits :fv'i~rch.4/1995 and have at feast 1?0 ·
a·ndior Aliens· Certitlcate of Reglstr.~tlor-is months' PhilHe~!th '. . premium.
·(ACRs) ·.·work,i.ng· and/or r_asiding in the · c , · contributions (/RR of R.A: No'. 7875,.
Philippines (lf?R of R.A. No. 7875, · .Title 'ttt, ' : . Title. °JJJ; Rute f, Sec: 5,· as a.mended):
Ruf~ J, ·Sec. 5, 'as amended). · c. 'Unifbrme<f Members. of ·the·. AFP, PNP,
3: lridlgent- .a person who has no 'visible means . BJMP. and BFP... . ':
'of income.ior whose lncorne.ls _insofficient for . . . L '. :uniformed. personnel of the AFP,. J=>NP,
. family subsistence; as· identified. by t),e DSWD,.,..-sx=-=-
· .. based 01'.l specific Criteria set fOr this pur.p~_s-e'fn
accordance. With the guiding piinciP.l~efj~rth .
u rI\
· BJMP and BFP 'who have. reached the·
1+i -~, · compulsory ·a$e .or .retirernent before
},r t,<-)Une 24, 1997, and' retirees under. P .D .
. in. Article I of I\IHIA (/RR of_R.A',JV"6.(IBff,~·T1J.{~-,,..= ...-~- '{f•.;f 'fl. :Ji'.lb~ 4P8'; and' . · · . __ . . . .
Ill, ~qle J, Sec. 5, as amend1fl7· 'Y/-"' .· . · ~~ ~pi~~med. members of the AFP; P_NP,
.. A. Sponsored Memt?e.r ·.:.. -~ ·m(11J9yr ·_J}'j;los~-~7....._.._~ ,~:$~M~\in.d BFP·w~o ha~e reached the
contribution is being paid J?-Y,anel~$!r in€1ividu~ · '.'J.C V,... · \ .\~qr;nP..Q.ls~ryage of tetlremant 6n or after
. goverr:iment .agency; Or· 8fvat~erytityc/itcordidg ~~ .ti',\.-. 21,
1( J)i¥ '\f97., bein,g-tti~effectivity date
.. to -the rules' as ·may Ji~ prefcribe1' by the · ,.. · · . ~ •of\~fAg'~ot 8291, Which e):(cluded•them
. Corporation (!RR of R/•'ifN'o;_.¥ffl5, TitlfiTll;'Ra'Je--:-'~
Ii
/, ·~ec. 5, as amended)· /!-'~ K · . :\ '°'/i'f''~
---4_ · G~i
K 1~'. : j ·
iri tt)~!go _)uls~r.y :m~mbership · of the

. . · · · · · .· f!' _..~ h · · · ~ l~f1.~t-.. ,m,"j.fti

a.n . \t)av9: .at l_ea~t. 12? · months .
L Ph~~eali · ~rem1urncontrrbuttons (JRR ·
5. ·ufetlni~ Me~ber..:. a'm'i=imt1~.p~h0"\~r~~~,9.,\~~~ _._;., __ / P:/Z>ff'%J:: .: ·.}fB~5, Tjtle)JJ, Rule:/, .Sei,. 5,
I
·1
. · tt:ie age of retiremer:it uni~i_9f.-\f~t~w~ff'R~.P~1ct:,~- i ef':,. ·. J~Ja.sfpnerrr:fe/;J).··..
at .least 120 monthly, i:>!emram. _cor'f<ciB*iopp~ ..'~&-.F,1:d ~eml;l,7rs of\~]111Hec1lth \o\lho have re~ched ,
·, .. ·.. · . I:
I
, .. ~if<?time : rqembers_. s(:lail\_includ\t bu~t~t~·
·. l1m1~e~.to t:t,e'followrng:. ~
a., Retirfes/ ·. Pensione~
. ·~:· . -.A ';p1"'':h.
.frB{.!'f ( .!:ft,~((~..)
,,.S.),,'theaJe6f r-ewe~ent as provided by la"'.1 and·
'#\/.. ha'J:EY . mep:, the .. _reg_uired; '.premium.
·,¢ntributiol;!s of- al ··J!:1,ast ·-~20 · months,
i

· . ":3overnment·S~ct~r . '\'\.· . )'.;. '"3..~~~.~~e~§)~.glepf of th.eir. ~mp1oyeif~··or·sponsor's

·r. . Old-:age re~re,es. .and peti~en'~e~xn#~._:·-{\~~ie~1r~
.· . GSIS, ,.rncludJng no~unif.¢rned p /l [}.. ~ 'J.1nJlie-spor:1sor'ep Program nor declared as
· personnel of-tlie 'AFP, P.N.P, 'Ei~'MP~rld: .'1.'V!L -~ ~c!epe~def.lt by tl')efr spoµse or childr~n (!RR
· · . BF..P 'who have rE!a.chedthe compuJs6"r1"'-~F-..:P._
age.0f retirement.b~fore June 2~, 1997; .
. arid retire.es .under· Rr.e.sidential .Decree
No. -4oa; .. . · · · ·
..,. ii: - ·GSIS Disability Peils.io.oers prior ,tp
March 4;c19S5;. . .
m,.:·.,GSJS·Retire.es·who have reached the
ag~ of ~etirer;nent on or.';:ifter March 4, ·
1995 and have at least- 120 ·monlhs·
', . '. ·. ~~',ii4ealth 'premium:contriJ~u~idns; •... :·
·iv. Retirees·- ;;md ·Pensioners who. ·ar~
.men,beis of ·the Judiciary who. have.
. : .'rea.cheQ the-age bf r:etirer,:ient and'have
·. ·at. Jeast ·120 months ': PhilHealth
. contributions; -and
y."·· Retire.es· who ···-are · · me'mbers . of·
Oonstilutional Corrimissiofrs. and : other
. Constitutional · Offices · who .'. have
'reached th'e age of retirement and have
at least· 120 months. Phil Health ·
cOnlnbutrons··cl~d rs n~_t include:<!
· ·'olf?.A_. No: 7875,. Titf~.'J(J,: Rule· 1, .$-ec. 5, as
' ' ·:. amipnded). · · . · , .. ·: ... ·. · . •
·
. sPec1F1c,RuLes coN!'.=E;:RN1NG covERAGE oF
EMPL.pYEES IN.TH~ FORMAL Sl:CtOR .
.
~egistration o( Employ~~s.tn·.the Fortn'al..S~.ctor
·All government- ancl : private. sector .employers are
· r¢quir.ed to: -register with the Corporation ·and. ~ach
shall be iss_ued a ~eir~anerit' and unjque PhjlHeal~h
. Employer Numb~r' (PEN)' (/RR of R.A~ No.'.' 7875;
. .Title J/J,· Rule'liJ, Se¢,: 1°8,-'a's am~ndf!d) .. · . . . . . · .
· Employers may regl$te·r with 'the- P.hiJip,pine Business
·· Registry {PBR). If. registered throu.gh the. PBR, the .
. corporation sha.11· riq .-longer.·. require submi_#i9n of. ·
documents from employer'~. Should.the ·employer be
: . unable to register through the· PBR, .the corporation
. shall . require tliei ·. following ... document~ry
r.equireme11ts;._whichever is applicat)le: •. : . . .·

.. 298. I 2ois sA·NBEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPE~TIONS

 .SO.CI.AL.L,EGl·SLATlON ·
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZEDB)!R OPERATIONS- MEMORY AID.2'019

1. For single proprietorships - Department of'
Trade and Industry (DTI) ·registration;
,2. For partnerships and corporatlons - s_ecurities
and Exchange Ccmrnlssloh (SEC) registrc;1tion:.
For ·foundations· and other
-, orqanlzations « SEC registration;
4. · For cooperatives - Oooperatlve ·Deyeloprnent
Authority (CDA) registration; or
5.' For backyard indostrtes/veruures and micro-
. business enterprises - Baranqay Certificatiop
and/or Mayor's Permit (/RR· of R.JJ,. No. ·78.75,
Title-Itl, Rule Ill, Sec. 13, ~s emended).
. .
O.bligatfons of Ei:nployers .. · .
All government and private employers· are required
to. . . . 5,, For..govein'mert aqencies, it sp~fl· be rn'ar.idc!\Orf.
1: ,Regi1?te.r their . em ployees ·. and ·: thelr. qualified
dependents: by submitting a . list .of their
employee's complete with their salary base and
other documents as may be required; .' .
2 .. Report ·to the Corporation )ts · n.ewly-hiJ.,~f'X;I[
i, . The monthly ·premium contribution of employed
members shall be remitted 'by the employer on
P( . before the date. prescribed . by the
Corporation. ·
non-profit ·3. The remittance· of premium contributiqn by the
. . · employer shall be supported by a Remittance-
.' List.to be submitted-regularly to the Corporatlon.
·~ 4. The failure of the employer,to. remit the required
contribution and ·to submit .. the required
: .re.mittance list shall makethe employer liable for
reimbursement of payment of a· properly filed
. · claim.· in· case .. the concerned .ernployee . .or
.of
.. dspsndent/s.avalls Proqram'benefits, with.out'
·: . · · . prejudice to the impositionof other·p~naltle~·as
. provided for in,ihese.Rul~s .. ·· . · ', · : . . .
· and compulsory tor the employers to include tli'e
. payment of contributlons in.· their ·: annual
.. appropriations. The use of ..said- funds with~eld ,
· _:..,,;,-.,. · · 'by government agencies other· than · for the

employees within 30 calendar days · ~ro~rf'-/·y-:, :· . hold ·the .erring govern01ent employers liable.
purpose of remitting Program contrfbutlenswnl ·~
assumption · too ffiice;: . . . . .-n~~: ·;, :.
· ·· . J, u ',.,' ~·1·-- . . under. the pertinent . · . prov1s.1ons . . f th. -R . d
0, . e ev1se
· 3: Give notice to ..the Corporation of an employ~~;s,, ., ;·.'7 ;.--~···· Penal C.o~e.· : . : . · ·: · · . · .
separation' .within 3_0 calendar day~,..c;froe: .:ttil:'.11?~:'t"!il_uj,i:~rtd/or-, refusa~·of theemployer to ~e~.uct
saparatton; -. . · . · . _..,,.~7- · ·. '..;" ~t ·.. ort-t!.rem1~, ·.the .. complete.. ·eroptoye~s . and
4. 'Ke~p true and. a~c~r~te. wor~·.rerf~~/for S\J~P\Jj. em~loYnW~p~emiu·m·.c~ntrib_ut,onsh~ll .not be a .
penod anp .contammg such 1~forJ:11<;1t~oh:, as. ttir. il .basis fpr~~1al of a pr.Qp~rly filed cla1rn.·lri such I
Corpo~ation ma~p·r~sc~b_e; an~,l~);~, ~'· !:~ ·. c:i .(?a~.<\the}. <:;orpor?tion· ~hall . .b'e. er'till~c!: to :·
5. · A,llow,the ipspect1on-~f 1ts_.PJ..\:l.fl11S.~S.1f\f.lU.~g~s -1,~i : . reil'll~urs~me\t of clan:l'l'~ p_a1d:fro~ t~~ erring or
l
. books a,n_d: o,her pertment~r.~9ord~~ff~RQf FJ.:A~ -~~'· .n~J:1;1!9,.e~tt'e'!l]~Y,?i''. "'.'Jlth~~t ~_reJ~~1ce to the i

· . _No. 78!5,. Title Ill, Rule)ll,,§ec.•,:'l:.5_)~bi:', \~· · t;;j . . ~~f{Jl"P.r:ey::e_~u.!t~n an.d ot~e_r.hab.1hties, as·may
I
i
.. , · ·. . .• ' . • ·• ·<{. ·?·'-'":"-<.,( .,41:l·\:J. J,.:[- · _herea~~t.J:i~'prpv1ded_by_ this RuJes,- . • .
I
·Rate.of Pr7m_,um C_ontrib.ut1on~-;-'_-:-:;:.>'."':'..~.· :. ' .. f.iy. 7: ,:he .la_st . complete .. record. 9f_ .··monthly.
Members. in th~ formal -~-~On?mXi Sliall :,r~rtin . · p,"'.,.;.;,,=, contributions . ppid · .bY.. the ·empl9yer or the
paying the month!>_' contnbut1.on~ t~ ..1?,.~.;:,shar~9 _,ti.,,;;; -:..~!.~'?;€!(ageof.the mo~thly.co!'ltr.ibutiof!s paid .during
. eq~all~ . by .~E! · employer ·and_. er~pJ.ef?e ;f~:;~:,.....U:!..:.~:·".n,tl1e<=:pa'it~ .years as of th~. date of filing_ of .the·
prescribed.rate set by th~ Corp9rallo.n ~qt excr.~~l.og action for collection·sha.11 be presumed.to be the
5%-of.ttwir respecth,:e.15.asic)ri?nthly_sa~t/t?/f~Rof·:· n:ionthly coriMtiuti9iis payab.le 'by and due from.:
RA . No. , 787.5, Title 111, Rule. J/1, See:~ /1:6, · as · the ~rT!ployer to Jhe C_or:poratiori for-each of_ the·
.amended).. .. · unj::>~id-. rhontti, \.mless ·... contradicted . and.:
Mandato.'ry ....... , App.ro.prlation. . of Pr~mium_: . ove'rcome by other evfden.ce:·Provided, that the.
Contribution 'tor Governmeiit • Agencies .. . · dowor~tien . .shali n~itli.er ..be:'· tru barred. Jrom · ·..
It Sh.all b~ mandat.ory·f.or ali g'_overnment.ag'.encie_s. to . dete(rriining and col!ecling,the e c;1nd c,:;orrect:
contributi.ons · due it av.en aft13r fuli 'paynier'it
inclu'de the paymenfof premium contribution ·in their . ..·'pursuant tp'this ·farovislon;,nor sh~ll the·employer·
respective annual appropriations: Any' im,rease in:,. . -·· be relieved of his' li.ability'(/RR ofR:A.· No:]~75,
.the premium co~tributlbn of.the national gove_rf')ni'eht.' Tiffe)II; Rule lit, Sec. tB, as"i:imend,EJd)'. . . :
a~ employer snail Ol'.'IIY b~cotne e~ective upon . ,·· . . , . . .
inclusion .of said ·amount in th~ annual General. . Remittance. o'f PfE:rhiutns ~f 'Employees With
Appropriation: Act (GAA) (/RR.of R:A. No.. 7875, · a.~ .. · Income Gaps . . . . .
Amende<f,_'Sf!<:· 17). ·· · · . · ... - ·· .. : · · ·· l;:mplo'yees .with no incdin.e for. particular tnonth/s
· .
Payment . ..of· i:>reniiµm
' · Con~n"b.ut1ons •· · ·. · .· .· ,..due to non.-renclitio.n of servic~ 6r;·for s_uch ,i:ther .·
f .. The. member's monthly·. contribution .shall be, reasons suc:;h as those.whq a·re:ori leave without pay
· · · · deducted and . w.itht:leld automatically by the . ot on extended leave, includJng membe·rs ·engag.ei:J
· in· seasonal- ·employment; .shall· 'contir:iu'e· to pay'
employer from the. former's salary •. wage · or premiums· 'to the· ·Prpgram to· ensute :_c¢ntfnuous· .
earnings.·. The· prernium. co11trlbuted shall be entitlement to be.riefits (IRR o.f RA No.·. 7.FJ75{Titfe ~
'divided e·qualiy.between the employer and.the
employed. The employer';,_·counterpart shall not, II{,: Rule.l/1, Sec. 19,. as a'me~del:J).. : .. .'.. ." :
in any m_ann~r be charged tp \h~ employee.

2919 SAN SEDA ~W ~ENTRAUZED .BAR ~~iRATioNS j '299

 .SOCIAL -LEGIS.LATION
· SAN B~DA LAW CENTRAUZED BAR OPERA.TIONS - Mf"10RY illQ 2019

'·
'Premium · Payment -of the Government. and to·ensure continuous entitlement. to benefits (/RR of ;
Private ·. Employee Members · with Multiple R.A.. No. 7875; Title ·Ill," Rule V, Sec. 24, as
Employment· .: . . amended): · ·
Members engaged in multiple" employment. in the
government and 'private.-.sectors whose aggreg~te• Retroactive Pay~ent of Premium ·c'ontribU:tion
monthly premium· contrlbutlon exceeds · Hie. · A ·· member who · has · mtssed/unpatd premium .' '
maximum rate in the . prescribed . premium . . contribution 'shall be allowed to pay retroactively-as
. contrjbutlon schedule may request for adlustment of prescribed by the corporattcn (LRRsm». No. 7875,:
· persona! share·subject to the guidelines to be issued Title .111, Rule 'V, .Sec. 25, as· emenaed);
I • • • • ~
· .
by the Cotpcratlon (IRR·of R.A. No .. 7875, Title Ill, .
· Rule If I, Sf/c._ 20, :as amended). · · SPECIFIC RULES·CONCERNING"COVERAGE
INDiGENTS . . . .
OF..
SPECIF1c."RULEs·coNCERNING C.OVERAGE OF
H:oliSEHOLD HELP OR KASAMBAHAY . ldentlftcatlon and Enr.oli~erit ofJndige~ts ..
Ali ·_indig~nts ldentifled by the DSWD under ·the'
. Registration .of Household Help .or..K.asambahay . 'NHTS and .other such acceptable '·filelt,ods:. shall
To .ensure that - Philf-iealtti "member~hip :·of the · ~µtomaticany· be enrolled and. covered under the
househotd help·. or kasambahay is .sustained., . Pr0gram 'f!RR of R.A:· No.. 7'f375, Title Ill, Rule vi;
employers are required to:-· · . · . ,;..,~~--f:i~c.'27, as emendedt.. . · · · ·
·, 1. Regi~ter-fneir kasarnbahay with the Cogl6ratfon-1T ]· 1-:-~- . · : , .' ', · ·
aii~ . the _kasam'bahay·s: .q1:1alifie~_;,d{perfg;nt~1l_ }~~Yll1~·n'f,;f~fre~iumC~nt_ributions . . .
under their P.~N; -; . . ~~:7~( ""::i r
~~L-,:;g!:em.!urnp~1ft~Ut1ons for indigent members shall be
2. Report to the Corporation t~r- ka~a.W.biil:fay · · -f1,1~s.1Jb'sijji2'*1,b_y the National Government. The·
within- 3_o· calendar days upqf~f1l~Q,yp.ienJ;_.aAEt'"'~'f"--arn0.\!!J!~~6'~~~5..1Y, shall ·be included in the
3. G.!ye_ notice to the.·forpor51.f~2,i}.-up~~paFati~D, "'\"''. ippropri.atio115,.fqf}~ ·poH under the annual GAA

i''~t
of the kasarnbahay and ija'Y tn~)mrr~pbAdir.ig 1.(l/i?R of~.A. N,.bf 7875t Title Ill, Rule VI; Sec. 28, a~
Ph_i_lHeal~h P~E:miu!l) . ·90~!:Jb~Jlons [!:>,.i:__~~~- ,. , .. amende_ql- · " \ (j?) 1 -· , ·· · -
l!~!•.- ·., ., J_ .: \\ ·,._.-:.-4.\ . _: . . :,
· . as
- rendered services unt1lk~e,J:late of _sepa~a,12n
. (/RR of R.A. No: 7875,
_amended). ·_ : I ·.ef'-4·~- '.i ·
I
(i=?ul~ 1v},seo"!~,r,?: t~gmen.asPrim}ry M,mber;s
~'.·~Awl~e felJlale. 's~Llse,,,-p~ the· familie~ 'ide.ntified by
· ·.

· •• _ 1 · ~-4 ij ~:.,~. ~ · ~~~-::::. DSWDJ~e-.!~slgn~ted as the· pnma~y member

No~e: : Empl?yer~ of hou... ~l:lqJd1.~~lp ·i,2·(ITT~v:_~ ~~i.og;a~/IRE(4!fjf.A.-No. 7875, Title Ill, Rule
, re~1stered with the· ~ss· pnqf.-te ~U!Y 1, '[91;.,,.._~rlr~~l.#.~r.[t/rJP.:i{:J'ii;a_s,1ameno,fid). . ..
consldereg automatically re!iJ·~tere~:they ~l""lt1i>;tl· <W~~ J.' // .. · . .. ·. · ·
· required to updat~ their. cecords~ith·th~orJ?.-~-~«,~""/'69r~meny·.of . CJJ:fzens of Other , Count~ies
(GM) (/RR pf R.A.-NoJB.75, -Ti~e Ill, Rul<#)V! ~~l-~N-1-~o.!¥inJ!,ih t~e Pp,,irippin~s . . . · · .,_- ·
-21, _as amended)'. ·. . , . ., · -~;;-:,,,_~;,__--~Gfti_?'.~Aro:'\¢.ti-e~,po1:1nt'rfes working in .the Philippines
·· · . . _ · .- . ·. · . - . · ·, .,(]).y·)~~':n'l°]fy.-b.'ef\~,w~ff- coverage in- the Program 'providE:ld'
, Premium Payment ofJ-f.ousehold Heli~~!J ! .1\ ~' A-Ra}~tllle.11;,P.'countries have : ·existing. reciprocity
· ·The annu_al premi'm11 "contribufio~s· of· lioas~~d !VI1agr~jrne'nts . with t~e. · P"!iJiipJjines,. _s~oject . to
helps- shall be fully pf!id in· accor;~anc~ with ttie~=--ifi:fchtional guidelines as may .be prescril::ietl.by the.
prov1s1on.s : . of • RA · No. -·.1036.1 . · ~or -·~Batas: Gor"pqratii:m (/RR of_i=<_A· Ns. 7875; Title Iii, Rule II,..
Ka$arri?bahay" (/RR of.$.A" No. 7875,Title JI/,. Rufe · . Sec.. Z6, as. amended).· · . : .. ; . . . . ·. . .
/v; Sec. 22r- ... ·. - . . . . .. .
. sP.EciFi'c· Rl)Llis° coNcERNING cov.eRAGE oF
·· ~PECIFlc RULES. CONCE.RNJ~GCOVERAGE o:F .. SP.ONSORED M.EMBERS .. . . . .· . . .
INFORMAL SECTORWORKERS·.
· . · Payment fo.r Sponsored Mei:nbers' Cont~ib.utlo.ns. ·
Payment qf·C~ntribu~ions .·· . .. ·.. The premium payment for. Spon_soredMembers shall'
Contributions ,of memb·ers in the inf9rma·1 economy be §i.s fc;>ilows:_ . . · _ .. . · . .
shall be· based ·pnmarily cm
hous~hold earnings and _ 1. · .. Me.mbers of· the .informal ecori'orriy· from.'.the
assets··(/RRof R.1',.'. Np.-.7875,.~s_amende~,Sec;' 23)_. lower incon:ie segment-·who do not qualify for full•
.. subsidy..l!hder the means.te.st ruJe.·of tiw D~WD.
· 'cessation · from Formal . En'lployi:nent or · shal! _be subsid_i~ed bYthe LG Us odhrough cost
. Coverage, as· Indigent, Sponsored Mem.ber, or as . · .. · sharing mechanisms betw_een/afnong L,GUs,
Migrant Workers . . .and(or legislative sporjsors. and/or . other:
.A .m.emqer separated ·frorri formal emptoymen.t or .. sponsors . "arid/or the "me~ber, including. the
whose cover~ge as
a ·sponsored m~mber:or ·as cin. · National G·overrim¢nt; ·
:.Indigent or as·a·migrant. worker:has ceased s.hould
-pay the required- premium as
self~earraing iridivi~uals

. -
300. I 2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS
 SOClAL LEGIS.LATI.ON
SAN BEDA LAWCENTRAL1ZEDBM OPERATIONS~ MEMORYAl() 2019
hi
*' +.
2. The premium contributions ·. of orphans, BENEFITS: (ln-01,1t-E-HO) . . . · ·. .
abandoned and abused minors, out-of-school · · Members· and their dependents are entitled· to the
youths, street children, persons. with disability follO\yin·g · minimum services, subject to the ·
. (PVVP), · senior citizens and battered women Iimltations specified in the Act and as may be
.. under the care of the DSWD, or any its of determined b.y the Corporation: . . .
:.. accredited institutibns run by ·NGOs or any 1 ... In-patient care: (R~D.U-Pres-HE}
.. nonproflt private 'orqanfzattons, shal( be paid 'by a .. Room and board; . -
the .D.SW.D and. the funds .nl;?'Ces~ary for .their b .. §erv!ces.of health care professionals; .
-Inclustonln.the Proqram shatl be included inthe c .. Qiagnostjc, laboratory; and .other rnedicaf
2,;
r.:
annual.budqet of th~·1DSWD;.
3; The needed
· · . ·.
premiurn contributlons- of all -
·
· d ...
. examination services;
!J..seof surgical qr 'medical. equipment and .
_

·.. baranqay heal.th 'i.vqrkers/ nutrition .scholars, facilities; : . . . . .

.: ):)arangay tanods, and. other baranqay workers e. _ Prescription·. drugs and bloloqicale, subject
'and volunteers ..shalf be fully 'borne by the LG Us . .to the ,limit~ti<fns of the Act; and, . . . - . · _
,,, · concerned; . . . . . · .. r.' Health Education. . . . . .
~f ·. 4. .Fhe annuat required premium ior·tl:le coverage 2.. ·out:Patien·t- Medical and .Surgical · .care:
v of up-enrolled women.who are about to give.l?irth ·· : .. (St;:)PPH) . · ,
R!: . shall ·be fully borne by the National Govet.nmi;lnt . a.:. §.ervices of health 'care proresslonats:
" a.nd/or'.LGUs·and/or' l~gisl.ative sponsorsorthe . . b.' ··Qiagnostic, laboratory-and other medical
PSWD if such woman is an indigeot as,./~ ,·... services; ', . • · · ·
determined throuqh means test (IR.R ot R.A. .fj/r.{,)'J{ c. · fersonal preventive services; ·
7875, TitleIll, Rule .VII, Sec, 31, as amende8p7~,{,·,\ ·,.. , d. .frescription 'drugs and biologicals, subject .
. . .. _ · · _. · !,
1.,!{:" -\;t!\r( · · . t~ the limitations of the Act; and :
- SPECIFI_C RULES CONCERNIN.G COVERA~~,P1P;.:}f...-;:-:T:,;,.e·. .!::!e,~,t~ Education .
.LIFETIME·MEMBERS z<:Y' ·t~:;-i,_,}~:..3,0..:~!r!$~1;1(iY·and transferservices;
. , . .· . . . _ · ;,r-.,;,,/ . . ;,"' b4. flealtll"S:O~cat.ion Packaqes; an~ . - .
Requ1,re~·... Numb~r . ~f. ~o~thl.('i/."'. p.rerrimf]f;~::d! 5. Such 2fir hea~t,~, .care . services !hat .the
Cont~~but1~ns to .Qu~.hf.y as ·L1fetim'7,,~e.~~!· ? ...- ;t. Corpo.~tW'\.80d Uie qoH. ~hall determine to· be ..
·Any perso~ Who hc1s re<!l~h~d tre .~9_!>~~~!J~em~nt · 1;.J ...:appropr~a}e ~nd .cost-eff~ctive (!Rf? of R./J.. No.. ·
aRd ha$,Pa•d at lec;!s(·120 mont.~_IYf_oontri.b.QJrorfS:"'Sh~~~ . ,!\ . · · 787!/f· T1tlb
p},1.,·R.u/e·/, Sec. ·37, as. ame.nded). ·
bE1 qualified as- a· Lifetime M~l:nber: ThJ!,:number ;of" · ... { -·, : · I · ·, H · I)..- . . · . _ : _ ·.
monthl:y tontribµtion5 require(~.~-~'.Ei~trn.te;\Memq~J :}J
.'')fote~~~~~Q'$es )md-: pac;:kages; shall. b'e
m~y.be·incre~sed i~. acc:>rda_r-ii:;,twitJil:!:?-rt:ictua,ri:f'Ji·· Pi
revie~ed~oon_uailt. to. determine it.~.: fina_ncial.
stu9y to SUsta1n tt)e f!n~.r:c1al V\8blttf9;._g!,::the.,wograr.·. . i' tr ·. S~stc;11.ru3b1hty. an? re!evanc~ to health._ 1.n~ovations:.,
(/RR ?ff~.A.No.. 7875, T7tle m, R_ule~VJ/!, Ser;~32, as. ¥f,;.:W..•t~.the en~ m ,y1ew of·quahty assuran.~e, mcre~sed
ame,:,ded). . ·. . _ · . . . . yr-·-;,~.,;.:. ~~:'.'::'/~:'~ J?.:~~"-~~:W!d re~~ceq o~t-ot~p~c;-ket e~pend1ture:
''':·.. · · _ .. - _ - . ·. \if _ ·. ·. >J;,»~,.~Lseci'f'.·rev11=1(V sh.all. 1.ncll!de actuanal stud.ie~ (IRR·of
t.: · Lifetime Member.with Current So.urciofii:r6&Jne - . ' . R.A._No.'7875, TitleIV,'F?ulel Seo: 37, as.am~nc;Jed)..
;: . A Lifeti~e fylember who·obtains a,regul~l}gg~ce of·· - . . . . . . . .- . -
f. . incorrie from em·ployment, · practice cif profes1ion anq · · ·. .E!1fitierne~t. to. ··Benefits . . . . . .._, .
other·· means. ·~hal~ r'esu-me . p·aying lhe "requirecf. ..Members·· and/or.· their :dependents :.are entitled to
monthly pr!;!mium. con.tribution until fi_nally' ceasing to . 'avail of thE3 benefits if' either of th~ following is met:
earn;' j:m:>vided, that: s?id in~orri~· is above lha poverty .. (PP~PF}' · . ~ . . _ · .. · ·
threshold (/RR of R.A~. No .. 7875, Title Ill;.. Rule ,VIII, , . ··1.'· .e.aid .frern_ium. conf,ibution..Jcir .at least ·3 months
Se.c. 33, as amended). · · ·· - : wif~i.n the .. 6 mqnths pri.0r: .to .the. 1st day of
·:. . . avaiJrTlent; ot . . .
lr/· . .'PhjlHeal.th Coverag~·.is ~a Requisit'e. for ls.~'Uance 2, _ "Eaid. in· full: the .required ·pte!T)iUrl). 'for. th~:
,:· ··.or R~neVl(al. ·of License/Permits . .. .· _ . · c~lendar ye.ar· (/RR of
R.A No,; 7875, }We JV,
. Among.the pow~rs and.-f1..1nctions ~fthe Corpora,tion Rufe:/;Sec.' 39, as amend~d).· · . . .
arid. notwithstafidil)g any .,aw
't:Q.. the contrary, all . . ··. .· # • •

government' erititles -. ind.udfn"g ·· LG Us. jssu'jng .i'11: addition: ·the ine.~ber is- ~ot. curre!)tly .st:ibject to··
professional .or.. b.usiness license· or· permits; s~all l~gal· penalty 9f suspensioh as provjded Jor ·in Sec.
require all applic.,mts to sabmit a certificate or p'roof · 44 of .(lie· Act and has· ·paid· the premium· with
o(payrnent of Phi!Health premium.~Ciritributions as a sufficient regularity .. The . Corporation· ·may . issue·
pre-requis.ite to · the issu,;ince or· ren~waJ · qf .SU.Ch . otfier. requiremen.ts .f0r· entitlement to.· benefits ·as it
i1 license or permit (/RR-of R.A.No.1875,'·Tit/iill(Ruie : deems appropriate (!RR of R.A. No.
7.875, Title IV,
t. .ix; S~c. 34, as amerided). · · · · · R.ule/, Sec.- 39, as amended}; · · .· ·

r
!<:

2019 SAt·.fBEDA LAW . CENTRALIZED. BAR:OPERAT/ONS

.·. L 3~_1,,,;~.
.....
 .S·OCIAL ..LEGlSLATION.
SAN B'l;DA LAW,CENTRALIZEDBAR Of'ERATIONS - ,MEMO~Y AID 2·01~

. . . .
The followiAg need not pay the monthly contrlbutlons 2. ~ertification of the attending physician as to the
to be -entitled. to the program's benefits: (RP-NGE) final diagnosis, period of confinement and
1. Retirees and .Pensioners o,f the SSS and -GSIS services rendered.
pr1or to. Mar:chA, 1995; and . · .. ·
. 2.. Members of.
Phil Health who have .teached. the ·!he benefits· to _be 9~an_ted shall be 'paid .to -the ,
age ·of retirement as provided ·tor''by" law'. ·.No\ · member in the equivalent locaf rate based· on the.
Qainfl:IIIY gmployed or continuing their practice . Level 3 hospltal category with 'the applicable case-
as.- professional and. have·- met· the . required· · rate_p.ayment'(/RR ot RA. No. 7-875, .Title IV, Rufe·//,
premium -contdbutions- of al' Ieasf 120 .rnonths' . Sec. 41)>
·(lf?R of.R:.4.. No. 1.875, Title IV, Rule. J,.'Sec. 39,
es-emended). ·. . . . Outline of the Significant Chang,es under the
,·. •.
UNIVERSAL
. . . . HEAL
. TWtARE
..~ .. . . . ACT
. . . ·
Dependents . . . . ..
The legaJ dependents of
a; member are. the: (LU- . · Coverage. :. · .
~-'
.
21F;60P) ·.. · . .·. . ·' · · .. .. . '. Ev~ry Filipino ·citizen shall.be automatically inclu~ed .
· 1. · ,begitil'T!ate spouse who 'is 'not a member; -: . . · . iri .the: National:.Heaith Insurance· Progrc!m (N!:IIP)
. 2. !,!l'.)marned . 'and . unemployed legitimate, _(R.A'. N.b.-11223, Se<;. 5). . ... · : . ,
. ··. l_egitlm~t~d.: acknowledqed, n.I¢giJjmate cli'iidren
·•. . and legally .adopted oi-· .step~hUqr9,_n belo_w_Jl...~~=:J!~~of Mem'~ership: (R:A. No. _11223, Sec. 8)
.-Ye.a.rs of ag_e; · . - . · · . ;:P'· · -·u· f.· -sir~ct Contributors · · . · .
3, _Children. who. a~:.21· years· old ~o~o~'e~but . {\. la:Jc· -WO~ewho have capacity to pay premiums,.
. . $Uff~riT\,9 from- ·eoogenital ·d~(b,t!!~ ffejff'IJf..[P..-:=-~! ·j . <N'eA!~i~JullY.employed and are .bound 'by an .
. physical or mentat, or any dis~_lfffilx_a:<:9~Ef(~at . _ ~, eriJP1C?.Y~~fmploye~relationsfilp; . ·
. · renders them totally depen.~~n-r'o,t!')ie.,.~ber~"":.~...J:l.-~~~~"'arnfp'.Q;. , .. ·. ·: ..
for support, as determinedtfiXU;iE\ ,Ce>rporation~, ~r ·,w .
c/'V'rofe~i~a,practitioners;",
4 .. foster c;;hil_d as· defirieq_fin¥RljfN.cJ!··.t01.6.5 .u,f-.;• .&~ .d. Mig~QtfworK~rs including. their" .ctualified
' . .

otherwise 'known as tl')e··19~ster'q~reA~t of 2012; · . ~epenct~tt~~;)}~d.' . · . '. . · , ·

5. Parents wbo ·are · 60.:iar])e)lf·o'r ·a'i°ve, ":ff6f'.G
·. otherwise an. enrolled; iemb~r;1 w.ho~~·~ort{5iy·-:-.ill
·. fricome-is.bel,owan amcyun!Jd P,e defe · ined~~
<~7.
=--~'''e':'tlifetime~fi\eJ.L!.b~rs
·{f)).. , ¥'-:· 'Q il ·._
(R.,4·. N9. ·11223, Sec, 4.
. . · .. · ·
lndir,ect Con ribt1tq~ - all 9t_hers.not included·,as
· t~e Corporation in a.cco'l-~i!\~¢~y.,itl' ;guiding'; '#!!' ·" 'dirlW9ntrjputor~.Hi:is·well a~ fi1eir. qualifi~·
.. principles sePorth·in. th~>}cira~l'.1: ~~ \·· .!"" fu"" . · 1 f.!"-t.~· · -~~tjel")t~j'J-;,.""wt!if,e.· premium .. -shalf' ·. be
6. f_arents with p~~rnanent,d1sab1~~-re ~ ~~\~.o~. £~" ~~!1~zedfX.th~'},~ti~n~I·g?vern':1ent_ in<:lud~~g-
·age a~ determin~d by \\he-:Co{pora ~\~~~ ~~~7~wh§ a.rs sups1d1zed as .a. result of special
renders· them totally dependent 01~t!he m~;nQ.~~lq~s(~/A- N9. 111223, S.ec:4 (o)). · .:. : , · ·
·' for _subsisten.ce,·(/RR of·R.}!t:\:.No: .7~7,5 "FiJ.!.<f.>J.!!'1·r.;N1'' h: .). / . . 1 - . . . . . .
. . · . , . ·. ·. . · · , ' · . ,,; ~»n
.· .. ,~ec .. 3(n),'-as_ amf}n~ed):.:. ·. ·""~ · . ·y~~~~$5.Jc·~~~~a · e (R.A. No .. 11~4~, S~c 6) · ·.. ; .
~·~E;:~t;yf.1w~Q-flaU ,be 9".3nted 1mme~1ate eh~1.b_1ll~
: Co1Jtinuation:of .. Enbtlemen! .to .Be~e~,t~ •rLS.ase. ·1\. A' ·.fci~~~...;~~'7.l . t_Q·. pre~e~tive,. ·pro.rnotili~,.. cu.ra!1~e.
·,.or.Death oJ'M~rpl:>eT . · . · · . :,: . ~- ...... l.V.!:.lri;h~~Jli:tabve cJnd· paihat1v~ care for medical, cj~ntal;
. In case 'of death· Pf'. the.mem~r·, the·Qep~tjden~cff~=rnental,·and ~mergency health s_er.vic~~• .-de!ivered
the a~c~ased. i:n~mber shaU.c(?ntinuet<;> ~vail of·the· .either·as: . . ; ' ·· · .. '.. · . . . .
ben~fits for the ~nexpired po,i:tlon.of. tbe coveriige or 1~ ... P.opulati·Oll-~asedhealth .sEiNices,. , .·. . .
urifil th.e en~ .of-tne c;;,aleridaryear, ·whiche·ver. ·corn13s · lnte.rventioni, such as· ~~aIth pr9motio.n,di~e,ase ·
~. ·. first·(IRR.t;,f R.,4, No. 7.875; Title IV.. Ru.lfi.· /1, Seo. ·40)':., . . surveilfance, . and vector. c.ontrol, which have.
'. . . . . . . populatioi::i.'groups as (Scipjent (F;?.A. No~.11223, .
. ~eh~fits' of M~moe~s· .a~ci···.the·i; ··_Dependents ·.. Sec. 4 (q)): . '
·C~nfin~d ~ro~cl,· ..... ·· . : . . .· ·. .· . ·
Membi;?~~·.a'!dlortf:!eir. '.dep¢.nd~l'1ts§)~aft.b~ .eligib.Le·to' .. Fin~nceq 'by° the 'Nationa,I .~ov~mm~rit {hrou~h· · .. ·
. ·m,aff oL· benefits· ,for confine.rrientls out.side· the . U,e DOfi and provid.ed:'free_of charge ·at poirifc;>f
· ·. . .country:·i=>r9'1,:i<led,'t11at the-co1ditiins tot-ehtit1ement .,.. ·.service .tor: all Filipinos'.(R,A. _No. 11 ;223, _se:c:. 7
under·. this. 'Rule~ are . n:i~t and . 'the: following .. (a))- . . .. \ . .
. requirements ·arfif ;'submitted ·:within: '180.:·Galendar . . . .
. dl,lY~ fror'n the date of diiicharge: (00) . · .· : : . . · : · · . · , e. · lndividu.al-:basedhe·alth servie::~s i . .
. 1, . ·.Qfficial receipt or: any-·p,roof of ·payment. ~nd/or. .. Serv.i'ces which can be accessed within:a.health'
statement' of' accoont froro the' 'tiealth. care facility or remote.1y·th1;1t cahb~ definitively tJ:aced
instituti9n ""!her~· the' me'mbe.r/dej)endent.was· .. ·back to one recipient, has limited. effect at. a
·. confined: and . . .. -
.. . .. pop,ula\iqn le~el, '·and d~s riot alter. the
µndeclying cause of illness (R.A. N_o. 11223, Sec
,s (p)). . . . .

302 I ·2ms SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 SOCIAL.LEGISLAT.10.N
SAty BEDA LA.W CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS- MEMORYAJ0-2019.
AM ?CT&P2b &lh&f eee+¥ .
. ..
Financed ~rim_adly. ··.throu:gh prepayment all suppHes, equipment, pap_ers .or doo.uments shall
mec_hanisms such- as social health insurance be ex~mpt from any tax, assesi,ment, fee, charge,: or
private. health ··insurance, , and. HMO plans t~ _.customs or import duty; and all bf:mefit paym~nts
ensut~ predictability · of health expenditures . made by the Pag~lbig· _Fund ·shall likewise·be exempt ·
(R.A.. No. 11223, -Sec. 7 (b)). ·· from all kin'ds·of taxes, fees.or charges, and shall not·
'be liable to . attachments, garnis.hments, levy or
seizure. by or. under any leg.al or equitab)e process
..i·:· . w~atspever, eithe'r before or after receipt · by the
;_f: . IIO:ME. DEV_E.LOP·M·E~T AND person or persons entitled theret<:>, except to pay any.
·debt of the member to the Funq. ·
i .. M.:utu'AL_ f.u.Nn .Liw oF. 2 o o 9 . . . ~
'.fi.;·· .-· ,_·.. (R~A.d.~:io~ 9679)_ ·. .-· _ . No tax .measqr~ of whatever nature· enacted shail .
apply_-to· the··Fund, Li°r!less ·i_t ·~xprEis!SIY ·revokes' the
declar~d_-poU-~y qf.th.e.State.jn_ Section 2 "of RA No:'
£.. . . '· .. . . .. . 967~ granting_ t~x exemptiqn to the·F~nd.-,Any tax
../ .. The ~O!ll~ D~velopm_ent."Ml.itual. Fi.md·, otherwise a.s!':,eSsmer:it against_ th!= Fund-shall be r1ull a'nd void ·
f' . Jmown·· · as: _· Pag01BIG · ..(P.agtutulungan' 'sa · (/RR bf ~:A. No. 9679, Rule JV; _Sec.··.:,_:,y.. . · · . .
'!/: · kinap.u_kasan:lkaw;Bangko;tnoustnye at Gobyerno)
-, : Fund_is-a·govemmeril:financial-ihstitutici.n involved in ·
:t° . :- rri(?biii~ng 'provident funds · primarily . for -shelter .. COVERAGE-
t( ·.fina~ce:\_lt.·i~ .a-' _r,atipr:iwi9e · tax-exernpt . mutua!J"~;.:) Mar:i.datory . Goverag·e. ·and; Membership _.of.
'° ,.· provident ~avmgs ... system for ,. private ar:1'€1 ,:/t•\ Empl.oyees . · · . ., · : · . .· . .
\ ~o.yemment employees and other. earning' gro(..i"p_i{-; • \ Coverage under. ~nd_ membership· in the Fund shall
._/ sui:portec:I b.~'f!latclji~g m~n?atqry co~t:ibutio~~;"-- f, -: 9 J. _be manda!ory for the following:_ (CIYIU~) ·. . ·
;I- . !he1~ re~_pectry.e· ~!11~1orers m the spirit . of ·~o~!~I ·. , :· .:/---!·:-;_-/~II
emP,l'iW'ee_s~ho. are··f.ompulscnly covered by
~~-' . JUStlce and _the pursutt of._national developrT}_~!Jf(witti(:)1'r·-·~.:...!~E:-~91%; Prov1_ded,. that -for : purposes. of
{ . hotJsing as the pfim?ry jnvestrb,ent (IR!ff'd'£.l~.A.No.~.· . ':1andat9r:y_cov_~rag~in the-fund of persons who
~ . 9679; Rule IV, 'Sec.t) ... · , . . -<)(~/,, '<(.;:;::.,'i are· coj'p)Jlsonlycovered by the SSS, . the
. ' . .. ' . . . ·. \ \,~·c.(}<,..-:,•. ..d-:_ r\ .term ~rP.10\~~ shall b~ understood the manner
_I: -.P~hc~ ?f th~ ~tate . . . · ._ -!-:::!/. .J.- . . .\::::~ · . . r'\ by w~1c~Lit~~iSSS _defines._it'.°·an~ shall include,
ff; . It ~& the pohcy _'9t t_he Slate J!;>;_'.;estab,U.~JiV ae·velop~_ t'> but jot h'lf'Jteot\to:·(_Ptl-FS-SeP) . . ,· .
·t. _, p~omo~ •. and mt~rate. a ·rf~,tiJ:>)i'!".i_~~:f.<:>u~d~r:id. ·. :"1 ':;._/A:.,J~~~ya~~ 1;,~-~plo~e_e,whetlre: permarent,
-~ ... v1aple tax,-exempt mutual pro'.'ieferit.savin'g~ sy§t~ffl (\: ~':t1:;r.i;p,.9[~!-~,'?.M~ro:v1s1onal, _wJ:.io_1s nor over 60_
·~· $uitable .to .ttie n~ecjsi of _the eropJoYEfJ:a~d- .otfi'ir.'° !····1 · ·"ye.a.rn:mdY-- .. · . · ·. · . . · _: -' · ·
;~-- · · earn ii)~-- ~rouP.s, an.a fo' mpti~atEi. th~~io' i;,):_(ter'pl~'n.·; ),:/ . b. A .t!_ous~ho!_d-helpe~·~atning at.leas.t:P-~ '.000
.. an_d_prov1d~- for their ~01,1_s1ng~needs';:b.y,.r:ne~ership. j ;,.-,-...-i. . . a mon~h. ·. . .. · .. ·. · '. · . ·
1- .· -rn theH?~~ De.":efc:ipi:n~n(M_utuai Fui:lc((.fun<:l).-~it.~.,....:-..;-·.)-·.;:.;:~~--µ\.Eilipino§ei;ifarer !JpOn. the-signing the . ol
I·. man1.~~~ry.con~nb?,!qr_y sup'port of th~(e,mpl~>Y.~rs,.rn -...-,~- -~-'S1~fldard.. contract of emp_loyr:ne11t betwee~ .
;_,... . the SPJrlt ·of. SOCJal JUSt1Ce. an·d the. tiurslJjt of national the seafarer and j.he manning agen_cy Whicti, . , '.
. ' developrr)ent '(!RRof R;A. No.·:9679,Rur~ll/-Sec:1).' to~etner with the forei,gn shipowner,. -act as .
t . .: · · · : · . · ·. · ' · · er)'.ipfqyers, a)'.ld, . · _
i,,~ · _ Pro.vlderit:Characfe,r· . . . . . .,; . .· . d.- _A _.§.~lf-~ruployed :eerson;" regardless·· of
\ · . The _F4~<;l ~liaJI .be priva"te_in charact~r•. pwni9d wholly· · trfide,, bu::,i[less or;· occupation, With . an
t.:· . _by the .members, administered in trust and applied . inc.ome of at lea~t P.1,000. a month .. and not ·
Y exclusiv~ly for ·P,eir benefit. AU" the perso.nal arid ov.er _60. yei:fr$ old. ··rhis .includes but not
f · · ._emp.loye,:_.cqntri~utic;msshcill·l)e_fully credi'ted to.each . limited to; · · · _:·. : .· · :-- · · ~ · .. · ,:
r' .. !11ember;acc~unted .for-individua'lly'.and transferable i, . ffelf-employeci"professi6na1s· ,• ·
'\ 1!1 ca~~ of change ~f _employm_ent: · ·. · !i. · Bus_iries& partner;; · · · ' . · .·
\ : iik Single· proprietors and ~.oard directors·
~; , . Th~Y. _Shall ea_m d.ividends a; providecf- .tci:;
ill. t_he iv:. Actors, · :_. actresses, ·. · direc.tor~
Rules .. The" said. ·-amO\Jnts shall . coris'titule the· ~criptwriters· .arid n'ew_s· reporters" wh.~ ·.·
.1· . 'prpviden_t fund o(~ach"rriem(;jer: to l:ie'pajd to hi~ or. . are_. ·not ·under an employer-employee
·, :her, . his- or .her. estate'. or_- b"en"eficia'ries upbn . . relatio·nsh_ip;. . .. . . . . ' . ..
)\ . termination ·ofinemeership,'or.trom Which perlptieral · v .. Profei;;sional athletes, tqaches, trai~ers·,
~:, . ben~fits".fcir the.member mayo~ drawr{(iRR of $.A. · · and jockeys;· ;· · · · ..
If: · N<;>~ 9679, Rule /V,.Sec. 2).. · ·· . · ·. ·. · vi. Farin~r~ pnci'fisherfolks,'arid • .
}.. · · · · vii. Workers io"_lhe"infomia1' sector such.as·
·f. · · E~empt~on (ro~· Tax;· (~~al P.~o~~s~-~~d Li.en
, : · ·· Tlie Fund· ai:id all Its assets- and properties,· all
cigarette vendors, wat~h-yout-ca.rJ:)oys,.
among.bthe_rs. · · · .. . .
;., . contr(butior:is collected and ..all-accruals the.reto·and
l_nconie o~ investment eam"ing~.therefrom, as well _as

2019 SAN BEDf.>. LAW CENTRA.LJZED BAR OPERAT\ONS 'I 303 .

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SOCIAL . LEGI.SLATJON
SAN BEDA LAW"C_ENTRA{.JZEDBAR OPERATIONS- MEMOR.YAID-2019
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.Not.a: Actual membership inthe SSS stiali .not.be a Note: Full-time· spouses who volunteer to be .. ~
condition precedent for mandatory coverage in the· ccveredby the Fund as- provided for under these '. ·
Fund.Jt bei_ng sufficient that the person oug~t to be Rules, · shall 'adopt as a basis . of monthly ·j
covered compulsorily
. by the·, SSS. contrlbutions 1/2 of the monthly compensauon, ;-
income of the employed spouse. _The .full-time .'.
. 2. All· employees wtio are subject .to Mandatory spouse· shall" not be jequireo to pay the · .;
·coverage . by the GSIS, regardless of ·their . employer's 'contrfbiltlon (/RR of R.A No. 9679, ·;
empfoyrnent s!atus. · _ .. Ruie VI, Sec. 2}.·
. 3.. !!niformed members of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines (AFP), the Bureau of FlreProtectlon ·.- 2. Fil.ipino employees of foreign government or
(BFP). the Bureau of Jail. Management and ,international_ ~rgariiza_tion, or their wholly-owned ·
·. ·. Penatogy- (BJMP), and-the Philippin_e National ·.. . . instrumentality based in lhe Philippines, .in the
Police_(PNP·}.' ·· . · · · absenceof an administrative agreiementwiththe
4. Filipinos .employed . .by f.oreigh-b.ased · Fund; · '
employers. Coveraqe under' the i::-und shalt be · s. · ··Emplqy~~s otan employerwho. _is granted a·
• mandatory .for Filipinos employed. ·by 'foreign- · waiveror suspension ·ot coverage by the Fund.
based employers .whether deployed. here "or · under RA. 9679; . .. . . . . .
: . abroad, or a combination thereof, but whose · 4:. Leaders. ahd° members ofreliqious groups;
. : respecnve 'employers. ·are' exclusively bas~,,........,.....,,,.,;.~-.· A member-separated from 'employment, local or.
outside 'of the Philippines. The employ.3t.s•sfia1~ "f, ..,. -~~b~d_; .or'. ceased. to }:>e · ,self-employed, but.
: . • .n_ot °:e subject to mandato~ cover~,g.e?:ProPJ..ded, l). J "f:.W9tilc;f•m~ttocontinue payi',:i~ his or her per_sonal
. . that' 1f the _e(Tlployer rnalntalns °81]..-offtce~r,ta~p!""""==-::::.-.-~ . cJ>nt~Jb.J!ti~·Such nif::mber may be a pensioner,
· in the Philippines :~~r lwi~~n. :. . .
effe9Jiy,:e1x_ -~~~~tor~r:-\l)Y
employer of the· F11Jp1no, \9en~ut9(offi~~...Q",..--~·==-,..-...u;i.corqe:;-gr?alloranc.es;
o~~er _lndivi_dual with passivl3'
·
agent-shall' be de_emed·.a~~l'ilployp,'sl!.loject ,!i)~ L"Ji ~r "PoBJic~~G~~-\or_ ·.einploye~s who -~re._ not.
nianda_tory· coverage unQ.er ~1.y./~67.9/ (!RR of i$'£. A'u. co~1{ed \o}f' ·!~·\1__GSIS,. such as Saran~ay
R.A. No. 9679, Rule V, ?ec.1). f · R :11it»''ts Offlc1,als~ \~ (J) "'ti:icludmg ·. · · . Barangay
.. ·.- · .· . · . r~ ·1. · r.---;:-~.!j'l)fl '"'.'--.-cn-±i1men;-'Baran,.q'\~ · .. Council M1;1mbers,.
MandatQry Coverage of Empt~~~[~ . ~ ''.;;~1~11 r.·-~.hai, en: \r"~~9~iiu·niang _Kabataan, and._.
. Cove~age und~r:the Fund s_1a_!!,,tie:(Tlandato for k~m.f.mi~tc:1 Ba ,, ngay S]Clr.etaJi~~ a['id Treasurer~; and•.
following;. ,.. . \l ~~~ ~ C":]: -~ :·. ~-;-:S:. 7.. .Su,C:ff?'~ttieg. earnLhg . groups. as may -pe
· · .1. Employers of employe,es c~mp_~1sc)~;1i·1~r.e
· by the SSS .. ~hese_ ~f1;i~w- lbclu~? ~~~~it ~1
"ff .,.. gs'\ cJet~r~hed,~Jby?"'.'t.~e Board· · 1;>y rul~s. and
J.,.,.@~~;::f~~ tiomf!(JRR:6t!
~mployer_s ·prey1oµ~ly -~.rc!nte}\ .wa~. ~··.1 ~~r-•.,,..,. ' · .#. · · · J!
R.A: No. 9679, Rule \I,·. Sec.·
· - ·. ·· . ·
suspef!sion 'of coverage ,or. what~er r~~~ f · ~ ·.. /. . J.7 _ . . .·· · , ..
·under f'-D. No: 1752,_ as am~~d~d: Tli~ m_aQ~9:'[ '\\. ,.-r""Nl?W.. _:,/;_if.y:· f~r~J(r:i: ··go"'.emment,. internatio~al .
. ·agencies together with the tot.~gn·_.sh1~~f~_Er :.i 1Jr~zat10'l}-,,W ,Jtieir. wt10lly-oymed mstr.umentahty.
· shall be : corisicfered ·jointly· and: s-~efa§iia~e.e:=<.:',..el)iplp~~g.)W2J:i<f:rs 1~ · the· Phi!ippines · or employing
.ernploy.ers offilipino· Seafarers. Pr:o'v1~~dJi~· 11y, -~/(i.J!)l1riJ~ps·9.1;1tsTd~q~the Pt,ilippines, may enter ir:ito an
that . a . self-em·plo}'ed.. perspn-·:. sµoj~~ to_. p,li~~~~ml!i°nt 'A!ith the Fund _tor:. the in~lusion of their·
compulsory coverage. by. the SSS shall· ·e-:-,.-=:"",..emptoye_t3s _as m~ertlb'er~of_-the Rund (/RR of-R..A:No ..
freat_ed' by: lhe Fund as '-both." e_mpJo'yee and . 967f); Rule V, Sec. 3). · ·
,: .... ei:riployer at'the same time; ' .. ' . . .
· · , .. 2, · Employers ·of_'employees -subject of mandatory . Eff~ct1".:r~ ·O~te. ·-._"~t. Marida't9ry. and . Voiunfary
. . · · coverage-by fhe:GSIS·; and · . . Membership:and Coverage . :· . . . .
. .· .' ~--. ·.The AFP; the BFPtthe BJMP, and the PNP (/RR... : ~and~ory: 'coy~r~ge'. of _th~ -'er:nployer shall take·.
· ·: _ . · o,t R.A. No:· 9679, Rule. V, Sec.. 2). · . . . ·. · effect qn tlie Jirst' da'y'of:),is. bu'siness'operation, an<! ·
that of "the· employee· on the "date, of'hls or her.
:·v.01.untary coverage . . .. - employment~ P.~vided) that ~or:. '. . ' . .
· Pers~ns .who ~~e-.~t.least 18 yeats olcl· but"not more · . · ·1 .... · Er:nploy.ees and·eniP.loyers .who are not ~ubject
than 65 -years old and ~re not su~ject t9 mandatory . cif,m·~ndatory·coverage· prior to· R.A 9679 and
coverage . may . _be 'c_c;>yered· .by. -the f:Uf""!d:· Oh· ~ the$e Ru_les,. inclucl,i'ng the unjfortried members
vol.i.mtary.basis,subject to such:terms and .conditions . '. . .of the AFP, th~ BFP,-the BJMP, and the PNP,
stafe<lin these Rules cir as ·the Board.may impose, and ·thelr. 'respeciive employe.rsi as w!311 :as
and shall i_nclude; but not be lim_ited to; the follcswing: ·Filipinos employed by foreign-basec;l employers,
1. Spo_tises. who devote full ~rme· to managing the mandatory· coverage .•:,hall take . effect on .
household and family a·ffairs, unl.ess Jhey also January 1, 201 o·, unless ·a different date i's set· by ·
engage.· In· another· v.ocati_on _or. employme:nt the Boar~ by'.,resol.utian·;. . . ,. .
whiGh
. . is subject to mandatory
. coverage;
. . .

304 I 2019 ?AN SEDA LAW <::ENTRALIZED BAR OPERA l)ON~. • :

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SAN BEDA I.AW ~ENTRALIZfD. BAR OPERATIONS.- MEMORY Atp 2·oi9 ·

2. · Employers · whose· coverage had · been. -Terminati~11 of Membership: (MDR-PTbl-DTO),

. previously 'suspended or waxved·.for whatever Membershlp in PAG-IBIG shall, be .terminated
reason undar P.O. No. 1752,.their coverage-as anytime upon the occurrence of any of the following,
. w~II as 'that of their employees shall take effect provided that the member's financial obligations with
atter the· expiration ·of their respective the Furid are first fully settled. ··
suspension orwaiver' ot coveraqe:' and- 1. Membership Term Maturity;. · .
3: Voluntary members; coverage shall comme'nce 2.. Death;
on the actual date of reqlstretlon (IRR of R.A
No. 967-9, Rule V, Sec. 4). • ·
3: Retirement; . .
4. _e:ermanentIotat Qisabllity or Insanity; ·
5. Perrr.ianent_Qepartlire fror'ii the country; .
Note: Tlie· actual' membership .in .ihe Fund .shall 6. ·rerminati<;in from the servlce. by. reason of .
commence only upon remittance- of: the initial health;and
contribution and not at polntof re'gistration (/RR of 7. Q.ttier causes as may be .provlded for PY :u-i·e
R,A. No, 9679, Rule v'. Se~. 4):' · · · • z , Board ofTrustees ·(/RR of'R.A. No. 9679,· Rule ..
v, ?ec. 9).: · , : · . . · · .. ·
Registratjpri of Employers · . . . . .
AJl·new .empJc:iyers·shall firstreqlster with P.AG~tBIG · . Note_: Occurrences other than -the .above, -such as
prior ·10 the start of their businessoperations. : .: · . - . resiqnatlen; lay-off or suspension from employment,
. . shall not constitute a grour.id for. terminatlon.. of
· All 'employers who are not s,ubject- to ·-m~nda.tory ;-r:~ -mambershlp, 'Such occurrences shau only ..result, to .
.. coverage prior to RA. No. 9,Et79 and these Rut~,S.{.<)l suspension of contributions..· · · ·
shall register forcoveragebefore- January ·1. 20~-e-~.,,-, I\ ,, . . _ .. · . . .." · ·

unless ·a different .date is set·_·.tiy. th~ . ._Boar<!.'.}tiffe:i·'.'./\ In the event the member· .after membership
resoluti_o!1 (JRR. ot R:A. ~o.' 96~9;.Rule V, Sec.
· ·.· · ·
. Registration ~( Employe.e.~ . .
· .· · :, ,pSJ.· r,;
_,.,,,:--;.-..
~.;.;._·~;tJe_':lrinat_i_on,c~p~inu_es or subsequently pl~ces himor
.1y.:'fl(i,,. ....the~)i1f'°'u1,,~,1.s1tuat1on which :would_ ··subJect, hlrn or-
\.; r . herseJt·to···M~ndatory.- coverage, thei:) the member.
It_ ~hall be the:du~y·.of a~l_employersto r,e.'Qisferau the}(\:-;:.1 ··- shall c~mtin\.(~i~~-be man~a!O:rily covered.by the ~~nd
employees. l'!UbJ:ect ·. or
mandatory (i)<?_.\(~age, £Yj':' t~--and hts or,f~~r,:,!3mployer.IS mandated to coritmue
subfl:litting_.to t!)e Fund al! data ah.g~~6rii(aliP~~that ,i(_· de~ucting:fa~ct· 're'mitting the employee's_ }.Squired
it m~y requi.re·in_relatjon· h~e -~-P,:}P.l~ye~~~-ietp·e'cti':'tl !~fl cqntribuijl5n 1! tog)th:r with_ _.ine c~>rresp?nding.
businesses and employe_es, ~(HJJf) 30.,0:i:iy,~from·t~.e~. Pl( employ,tfr's qpritriltut,on pursuant to these Rul~s
start of their"busines.s.operati~!1s( ·.=:::::'?/fl\ · ~~ ,._ ·. F'1: _flRR bfR.A. ·No_,_Q.frl9;_Rule y,·_seq. 9) ..
. . . ,. ":~~ :u'.'1-'=-~:,( . "~~(~} ,· -~,.~1 ~ . ~~;·,!'~,. : . . . . ..
For, new!y° ·hired. ·employees, tffeT'~rJf~l'l1v.~r- .. shJit,'., {;i .
Retirement .~:....._ . . . . ·. ·.:. -: · ..
regii;;ter them with th!:! Furid within -'30 ·gaysYtom.the, !'~~~Y
member _shall be· <;ompulsorily retired undedhe
start of. their employment (/RR of R.f't-. ·,Vej.· 9679, .:r."·11~1r.unC'ilt.t.lROn reaching age,. 65. The 'niember may,
Rule y; Sec. ~)... ·. · :. · ~Z· _'i,(r.:'.:.~:.,. .-ti'&W~~t'Efr~~tto retire earlier uncfer tfie. Fund upon ,
. ·. ·
. Reg_i$t~atior1 ofthe_Se_lf-e:mplore.d . ~Q;.::~1
. · ~t.
··J/V . , .the ·-occu_rrence of any of. the following=·events·,
. _proyided the. metnber is not·.a member-borrower:_
..The,self-ernployeq who ar.e_ subject. fo:compuls.ory · (Ar~-~~}. .. · · : · · . · ·- · · .
coverage sh'all. register with the Fur.rd. with1,n30. days 1. ·8ctual re.tir'emer:it-fron1.the SSS or GSl's,. or from
.from 'the date he or she "start.ed:to-~es~ff.aemployed. . ,government s·~rvic~ by- provision of ta:w; .·
··. · . ·· . · . '.· . ' . ,. 2. R!:!tirem¢nt. under. a .§e.Qarate· .. ECJ1ployer
if the -~elf:employe.d shail b~--recj~ired to obia/n the ·: · Providei:,~ or !~tirement-plari. _proyJded, that the ..
. neces'sary· permits···and/or licenses, other than 'the .·· member is at.least45 yea.rs of age.at the time._of·
. lfcen.se·· ,required·.· ·for .· prf,!CliCing a p_articular =retirement; a.na ~ · .. ' .
. profession, prior tc:i the. pr~ctice of his o"r.he·r .$elf- 3. \Jpon · reachi119 the ami of .60 (/RR of
R.A. Nb. ·
employment, he or sl'ie shall regjs_te_f wit11. trie· Fu.hd 9679, Rulf:J_ V, Sec. _10):
prior to .engaging in·sVch (!RR ofR.A. No. 967.fJ,· Rule·
v_,'sec: -7). · · . · · · : Note~·
In U,e.event·the ·~embe"ropts·to retire earlier
· from the Fu rid for reasons ·Stat~El. under items .2 and .
Membership Term . 3 above, and therea_ftei' continues or_:s1..1bseq1,1ently .
Membership. in. the Fund $h_all be· fo( a period ·of 20 · places him or· herself· 1r.i ci situatfon wtirch . would .
years commencing. from the-first day of tl'!e.·.month,to .. subject .him or hers'elf to manq,;1torycoverage, :then ..
.wt:iictr the 1T1eh1ber'~ initial contribution ·tb the F.ucid · the· member. sha)L,continue to be. mandatorily.
applies~.. Provided, ·that. th~ rriem9~r·· shall. have· covered ·by. the Fund· and his.· of. hef · emplqyer is
· · conb'ibute(l a total of 240 monthly contributions at .. mandated. to contin'ue·.deducting and remitting 'the
tl:ie·llme of maturity (/RR of R.A. Nq. ~'679; Rule V, · empl0yee's _requlr.ed ccintri~ution -together with the
Se9.-B). '. . correspol}ding erriployer!s contribution pursuant to ;
,::
~· . . these Ru.Ies (/RR of,R.A. No. 9679, Rule V, Sec. 10).

f. : 2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR.OPERATIONS ".f 305

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1c.:1:1:E1•mNWmm11m•••mmzi1a,m1
. -•
Permanent i".ota1 Disabil(ty . Effect · of Reslqnatlon. or· Separation. from
The fpllowing·disabilit~s·shall be. deemed total and Employment .
permanent: (TD-C-L2:.P2-13-S) · . . · . In ihe event a member-saver r~signs or is otherwise
1.. Temporary Iotal Qfsability .lastinq continuously separated · from employment,· the member-saver's
for. more than· ·120 days; monthly contribution together with the corraspondlnq
· 2. _g_ornple_te)o.ss of sight of both eyes: . employer's monthly contrjbutlons to the Fund shall
3: Loss of 2 limbs at or over the ankle or wrist; . cease. Such .mernber-saver may. opt to continue
'4'. p~rrnaner'lt complete faralysis of 6 limbs; · . · ' paying -andremittinq "to the Fund directly hisor :tier
5. · Brain .lnjury ' re~ultiog .ln [ncurable"[mbecility. or · monthly contributions together with' the employer'
.!ri~a.nity;_an_d -; . : counterpart to be shouldered by hin:{orher. .
6.. ~1,1ch other easeswhlch are .adjudged to be total
and .. permanent di~ability" by a 'duly licensed "A member-borrower, ·. on ih.e . other hand; ·Shall
'pbyslclan .and ·_approved by .the Board (/RR of . continue to-pay and rerriit directly to _the Fund his or, .
F{A)N~. ·9679, Rule ~: Sec-:-~ 1). · .· . · · ·. : . her monthly contributions and- loan arnortizatlons or
· payments. The dufy of .111:e employer. :to deduct ·
.. Einpl~y~r•s·Flduci~iy O.bfrgi,ttion· . .. m,:mthly arnertlzattons.or payments for. the.member-
The employer assumes 'a fipuci~ry relationship wit_h · . borrower's' : outstandlnq . loan · with the "Fund as
both the Fund and· the -rnember concerned · as · ,.. provided for under" Section: -2 of this. Rule-'-'shall
regards }he - let~~r·~ . contribuflon and the. r6:q·~.tr:i~-=""""l~.~~·oise cease:,_ . . . . ... . . .. ..
employer contribution, as· wel~.as the rer;p1Wclnce y ··y 1' ~~ · . . · .: ·
. thereof to the Fund. . . . · · . . . p;_? 1~·.· .Q. ) .tl\~ia9.lb~l:i~duty of the employer to jnform the Fund
. · . · . ~. ·. /~·J· -~:;~.f:.i1J.@. h~~~9n'cl._~on.orsep?ration-immediately·upon.
The employer lik_ewis~ a~s.umes.~·wsa~~i!911Cfary · nolic'ektpereqr-N;il!IJr:iot later.·than. 30 days from the
· relati6ryship with both the Fun-9"1-ah't:l~th~~.!Jlb.er""""."'~ffru:;tlyit'5t:-9fsai<l /~sigi:1'3tio.hor separation (/RR o-,

.·. of the ·1ati~r's:lo~n.·amorti~ati9Jsci"fy~ym~~tsto ttl:~ . :l& · . ·i ·. rr \·.

concerned as rega~d$ the· col!_efct1<~1,i;,~if're,.nftta.nG,~~ · .R.A. No.·9679, Rule_'fll,: S_ec: 6):
~i' . .. . . .
f ur,:d_ ~hen t~e: ..s:ame-. i;i trr,ade''Jhr~ugr ~J.-~(~!_Y. B~ne~!!~t .\ (_JT) \;\ : . -- · ·. . . . ..
.deq.uejion;, :3s ·pr,O\fld~.d ll1 t!;le·§l'.J:C(il.~edmgJse_clions-!J• . "'"'f..!'.1"eru11!!1.9ffer~1its merl;,ers the followmg bene.fits:
· o{thi_s Rule'(IRR pf ~.A'..No. fJQ79, Ri.Jlf!·V/~~ Sec. 1)');. r.z(~D~}j ~~; ~ :·· . · : . · : ··
· . · · ··
: _Effect qf Leaye~Witliout P~ytc,~~sp~~
· ·Employment, · ..
U •.-A fi: . . \
fr?,':J ~ffe~.· ·. §h~![rt '~m
{ ((."\\ .\~\.\·j,_:'~1m· 1~ .. _0ij~'iu-.Prgx1Fa__ms;f·
1
,1?.fft;n=;',: -·il8 §av,hgs;. /I t.,,-=i ~ : ·.
~oa_n \rw;gr.ams;
·
·
.
. · · · .
·
·

~z;,Jtlr #i,t!)· !nti.ts;a'nd · · . •

In the even.t ~- mefTlber'.save\~oes'd.[1 lea&'~~fl;!o~F.;;1
_pay or ,is subject.~d.t(? discJplln~!Y~ctl~n wh'13~}'h~(t?.
. Sµspended.ffC?ffi wprk;·the me~ber~sav,_~r's ..r'ilQ~t~.Y-1o.~//.~~-
1.
· . ~,~~v,rd'~ndp· . ,_. !I . · · ·..
. .,;.., .... / , · . . .-. ..
. · .·
_: . .

··.
. . cqntribµtloo .t99ethet ·With · fQ._e·. · cornt~po~~E-'1''.f(§~'lig~r Prov_lgent s~~i.ngs Program is-a fast,
·. . , employer's l')lonthly · · epntribu\19..n's . pn'alb~)"ir__;j.:::..-e\.~~~ Mf$'dp61eway. for a. member :to. s·ave f9r
.. , : suspended for ·the duralicin of 1he Je~~~J%ut J:?°i3)''~~":'h'is...~tl,!i~fo~es.T~e contributions that a member.
· · ·. · · or s~~pe~siqn f~or.n, wor~·. ·. " ·. . ·· -~;v J ·. "i',· 1,' L~1ik~,t09.etJ,~r-.wi~: th~.·ei:n pl9ye! counterpart are
\ : .... · ,.· · .. ·.. : ...'.. . '. '. .· .. . ':~-. .v',..!.l;;cr~~cffo his Total Accul'!)ulated.Valu_e_ ('fAV) ... ·
· The memtier.~save~ may opt to continue. paymg:afio'~~""' . . . . . ·. · ·· .:
.· · · . ·remitfil,g to 'the. Ft.in.d directly his ,Or h~r r_norit~y ;" ·. A ... member ·.·coot.ributing' . '2°1o-. ·of hi$:,. montl'lly
: contributions tog.ether wil.h the ell}ploy~r counterpart.. : · ·. ·. · compensation dout:>.Jes his savfngs imme9,iately with
.to be shouldered by_hirn or.her: ·. . . . . . . .... · / the . ~ddition '·of.:!_ "the employer . coi.Jnterpart
. . . ·' · . ~oritribution. Meanwp_ile, a· membe'rcontributing 1%
. A. member-borrower,. pn the- other" -h~nd,: shall . ·Of.his" monthly GOmpensation·trit:>les his savings as
·... -~or.itinue_to pay a1:1d: remit-'.qire·ctly.to ttie·Fu-r1,d his.or. ,. the employer counterparhe'mains at 2%.· . . . . .
. her .monthly cofi.tributions and. loan amortizations or . . . :. . . . .. . . . .. . '. . . .
'·p.ayme~~s. r1:,.e ·duty of the employer"Jo·.P.educt . A!?ide;from beirigC:t~'i1y·gu~-f~ntee"!1 b.y· the natio~~I
· . 'morithly.am.or:ti:i;atioils·or payn:iertts·for the 111emb~r-. · government, rnemtiers' ~co.r:itribl.itions are· deducted·
borr.o_wer's. · o_utstanqiflg: -loan_: \ft{ith · the ·.Fund .as . from the gtos_s-..incor:n~ prior to .computat(on.9f the-.-
. prpvided for, ·u'nder.. Sectio.li .2 of the I RR· shali be . income fax._ Members' . sav.ings ·earn:· ann·ual .
· suspehde_d for :u,~. dt1rqticiri'_of.the' l~.a.vewithout pay ··:- .
or sLlspensic;m from"v.:on<:' . . ... . . . ; . .. . .. .·. .
dividends .that are -als.o ,tax:tree·. The· dividend rate
. . . vades':dep~nding -on· the net' income 'of the i::ur:'ld ;:it·
-ye:~rend · (201.9 · DOLE . 'Handbook . on._- Workers'·
It ~hall be the:.d.uty·ot.the ~rri'plpyer_(o_:infor;,,.the i::un·d· . ·: Statutory Monet~ry_ Benefits,. supra at 64).. · '
. of ·the member'!?- l~ave. withb'-1t ·pay.. ·or .suspens.jon ·
• I
· from work within.'3.0- days from the first day. of such . '
lec3ve ·or suspersi~iri (JR~- of R.A No. 9679, Rule v.11; ·
Se.c. 5). . . .

'306 1. 2019 'SAN BEDA..LAW CENTRALiZED BAR OPERATIONS

. ,;
 N
A
*
. ·SOC:IA:L L.EGlS LAT·I o·N·
'}._ SANIJ£DA_ LA'(V CEN,:RAUZ£D BAR Of?t.RATIONS:. MEMORY Alfl .2019,
h • A PW IWMZFIION
1 ~ ..
~Ji'·.·Short·Term Loan Proqrarns are meant to provide d, Refinancing of an existing mortgage,
~4 : assistance to Its 'members·•. provided they are active. . speeifieallya lot loan, with construction of a .
and have made at least 24 monthly. contdbutions. · · ·residential. unit thereon (2019 DOLE
-There are two short-term. loan · programs that a ·. Handbook on Workers' Statutory Mi:>nlf)fary· ·
member may avail of when the need 'arises: . ~ Bf§ne[its, supr« at 64-65). .. . '
1. : Ml_.Jlti-P4rpose Loan _f>rogrc!m is designed to .
. . help fin_ance me.mb~rs'.. immediate. medical, . -Under th~ rJiagaang Pabahay, Dise.n'teng Buhay
f:. .. : ~du_cati0nal. or. lfvelihood peeds;. ~ino·r home l:'rogral'r'!, a qualified member may purchase an . ·'··,
·;r,:.. ' improvement, . purchase of _. appliance and. acquired.asset of the Fund either in cash qr through
·: · · : furniture, and other related· needs; and · . a housing· loarr-at very reasonable, prices. A 'buyer
j... · 2 ... CiiJaniJty t.oan" Progi:am ·is extended to who purchases an acquired asset iri cash is· entitled.
·· · members ·who have been. affected. by a· recent _: : . to- ·a 20% discount orr the .. property's .sates prip:e,
calamity, as proven-by a declaration of calarnity · ·.. while-a buyer who purchases thrpugh a housifrg loan ,
. in: the,ir· .erea of .resfdenc~ (20.19 .. DOLi{= .. · .. 'is entitled toa :15%·.discount. on.the property's sales
Henabcok · or:: vvorkers', Statutory ··Monetary. Price (2019 DOLE H~ndqook on -\1\1'.orkers's't;:itutory,
Benefits,sup,ii at 64).. · · · · · · ·· .. Monetary 9:en,efits,·~upra at 6_5):.

H'~·usi~g Programs· . . - Eligibilit/R~qulrem.ent~for Housing.Loan·:·

Ar:re.ligi!)lemember may avail of housinqloans in the . . : (M-Not65,L_S~No,-Not-Up) .· ... ·. . · .
"form~ of either the l;nd.-Uset Financing .Prcqrarn or,../'). :_ 1'. Must be:~a _Member under the Pag-lBIG for at
. the Magaang Pabahay, Dlsentenq Buhay Progrij_~:·/{.{ - . lea~t ·24 months, as e_videnced by the remittance
. . (2019_ DOLE· Hendbooi: · on , Workers' Stafl(-lot)?\,~;.;\ ... · . of at leas~ :24.month_lycontr.lbutions at the-time of ·
l .·.
~ .
Mon'etary-Benefits;.~s~praat 64-65.)- , . · .· : 'tY~~ ., ._~ 1;,J: .
:. . . . , . . . · ...
Joan .apphcallon. . , · ·. .
.), , ,.~.,, 1;~.,--~·.,.,~ Not. m9.f,~ than 65 years· old at the date of loan
. . . . . .

f . . · N.ot~: Under ttie. ~~d-,U.se,: Financla~ ~ro~r,am, \si'~J1~~~.s.it.,:~P,Pl!cati9~ an~ .. rri,ust l;te insurable; ·p_rovided ·
·if· ·. mem~er may avail of. a -loan .to finc)n<;_e.·>.~p}··ifthe~-· [j · · .fufther1t9.~,~he 1:3 not more t.h~n 70 years old at ..
. h · follow1:1g, . . . .. · . . . (··.t": : /~1:} · · 1.Cilar m~}~rity:;. · . · , . .. . .
&," · 1 .. Purchase of .a full~ de,Veloped lot.Ji,C?!.~cee;pip,~---);.~\' 3.. Has-~hj'~-i;j,~Icapacity.to ~cguire a.nd encumb~r-
~- . 1,000 square meters, whi.ch ~9)0_tjl.~'}',Athin a h real ~p~rty;;._ . : ·. · ··.
: · · residential.~rea;. · ·. · ·. j./., · .\~..,, .·. ~ -!~:\ )i .. ~as1 ass;ed-Sati~fac.tory bac~~round/credit a~d
: ·2. Pwchase,. of a, r.es1~e.r~17 l)ou~~,.-a_n~ · }.f?.t,." t,:.}' : ~)TI_j_oy~~g,~1,:,es,s ~hec~s conduct~d. by the_
·; · . to~n~ouse:or condom1r:ullo/lll'lltfCir'w_\i's1ve"qf;t . i:':/;. .. -~~~~fr~':}f..t!Jff,Pag-lBIGFund; : .
f .parkmg s_lot The.unit may 11~,JOrY'!~);;:-~ .. ('7-,'!i: It~' .9· i:~s-u.No·t~~~ra.~di!1g, Pa97fl3f<:3· h?using loan,'
( . , a .. · Qld 9r brand .new; · . . . ,-~v.r--:,:;;\· :·· y: · t,1 . either as a pnnc,pal bom;:>w~ror- co- borrqwer; .
r· . b. A property _Mortgaged \'l,'ith~e.Fun0\~0r. ·. ;it~6·, · Has Not.avaif~d_of:.a Pag~IBIG housing.loar that.
J' .·.... · · <;°. ·.Ar\. 8Gquir~~- asset,..:wtii~b. :is-;;~~~os~d,,.of~~·:~;::!~~~.Mecl_ose~'~ricelled' . .:?-ought back due. to
~,· · · .. · . through sea!ed public q1ddin~t, r:ie9G?!1a~~-:--·~::~efau~.- _or s~bJecte_d to·da_c,o_ri,:en pago, ':'~'.c~
.: . · · .-sale, ,or the Rent-to-0.wnProgfa'm.·. ·. '•ru . . .: · · shall· include .cases where the borrower, 1s no·
~- ... -3 ... ConS:t!'}ld!on-or<9ofnpletion-·bf a re1\~~1.unit ·. . . ·1o_!°lg~r. _ihte'reste.d'·to pursue the. loan . and .
·i;m a-lot ownea.py,th'ennember; · · s.urrende.rs_.the.property; and. , · · . . :
:4, . ·Home' imprpvem·en.f. ·i.e.· any alte_r:,atiorr in· an. '.?. ,May' -pav~·· c1n outstanding·: Pag-lBIG. -mul~i-
exist\ng· r~side_ntial, · ·.unit· intend.ad·. by·. : a · purpose roi;in·but,which is .!!J2d~ted in payments·
homeowner· to'.b~ ~- perrpa_nent integral -p~rt- of· o~
· aftt:ie'\i.me 19an application:, A :mem.t>e~·wnose ·
._. .• th~ . prope'rty; which wil~ ~nhance' its durability multi.::P4fPOSe loc1n.is:ir,i:.arrears 'shc;1II be required
i. '·ancfrrtaferial.vah.ie;, · .... , ,' · '· .. • ·/·:'.-,._ '.·to·pay tJis.a'rrears'O)/erthe.countertoµpd?te his
.: 5 .. Refinanc;ll')g 9f an ·existirig<_mortgage.. lf,'jth kin . accoun~. (20.19 DOLi= ·fela'ric{booJs:on· W.orkers'
ili.stitu!ion acceptaJ:>)~ to.the, Fund,·~frovioed. lhat: . Stail!.l9ry. Mon.e!ary· B.e.nefits,· supra at' pp. ·65- .
.a. The. Joan. is not in d~fault. within ··the: 1-Z · . · 66). · · · .... .-. ·
... . . . : · months_ p~iodq_;the dat_¢ ~fappl!catloil;.· . .. I
t . .. · b.. The said:loaQ has a.·repayment history of at · Death Benefits· . ·; · ,
r .. . .~ ··:two 'yea'ts..V,:ith. t'he· original mortgagee. . '.' · .. · upon t!1e death .of a ri'te.mt>e'r,l)is or her beneficiaries .
-Com.binciuo:n·_of_ loan. purposes, ...wtiich. shall be . sh'all be. enti.tled to death be'ne_flts ln an. arri'gl,In! to _be
limited to the.-foU-Owir:ig:· .· : . ·. ·. ·. · determin~~ by the. B.oard: ii') adqitio~ ·_to th~ Total..
1;1,. · Ptir~t1a!3e of · a · fully ,· d~velop.ed. lot not · .· . Accumul~ted Value as mentione_d. provided for under
. :-exceeding 1,000. squa·r;e· rhete~s-:, and; · ... . in Section··5 hereof (/RR .of R.A. No,. 9679; _Rule' IX,·
. · .. ·. construction of a residential unit' thereon; : . Sec. 1 O}. · . .,.. .· : '
b. Purchase:of a re~identi~I _unit, whether old . ··, · .
or new, with home improvement;··
'< c. ·Refinan.cing of ah.. e~isting mortgage with ..
·.. home im_prov~ment; · · ·· · ·

.. .
,?' •.
20:rs SAN ·sEoA ~w c:ENTRAuzEo sAR.oPERATloNs i 307 ·
....
 .SOCl'A,L LEG.ISLATl·ON
SAN B~DA·LJ!.W.'CENT~L/ZED BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019 ·
OtsMW ow HMM ¥ ·, IPW9¥WW1MYie+ee6stwwtldtQQIM Fil H'M

Dtvldends . . said member has. ho- outstanding housing ·1oan :.Vith

.The Board shall set aside annuallyan amountwhich the. Fund atthe time of withdrawal.' , · .
jn no.case shaf] be less than 70% of theannual net
income of the fund, to be paid 'in the form of· of
The· exercise this option by the member 'shall not·
'dividends to members .. · . . be considered as a g~ound to terminate his ·.
· membership y;ith · the Fund-. The member shall
The member's ~cintrib~tions, inclusi~e of employee's . -continue to.be rnandatorily covered by the Fund and
.and employer's. contributlons, shall earn .dlvldends 'his or her employer . is mandated to continue
which· shall· be. distributed annually and creditedto . deductin·g and remitting the .ernployee's required
his. or. her r,AV.) · · ·. · · · contrlbution .' together with . the correspondinq
· employer's contribution . pursuant: to· these. Rules
.Only' memb~rs .:Vilh.. outst~n.din~'TA'.ic;1s.bf year-end.. (/RR ot R.A: No .. 96.79, Rule .IX, Sec;·9). :·· ': · ·
shall be. entitled to· dividends 'declared .forJhat .--
. 'particular·year. All dividend earnings shall be tax- Pag~tBIG . C.ontribution$ are -Excluded from· the
·fre~ (/RR of R.A..No, 9679,. Rule IX,. Sec. :4)::· · . Cornputatlon'of ·the Gross Income . . .
. ·. . . . . . Pursuant to .Section 32 (B)(7)(f) of the 'National
Mandatory . Contributory :Support' of. -the Internal Revenue Code of 1997, as amended, Pcig~ ·
Employ.er · · ·· · · IBIG .. · Contributlons a(e exeluded· · from · the
In ·the . spirit _of social justice and . the pursuit __ 91;.,.,,~-==,.9.2_mputatibnof fhe gross income and shaf be
· nations] development, ·the member's contrig..ution'to "Jj. ,~xey'!i,>t,f.romtaxation.(IRR of R.A. No. 9679, Rule IX;
. tl')e f'.=i:Jn.cl-shal!_ b~ wit~ th~- ina.~clatorf P;,~fitril)h1tory,~' J_Sf!,C. 125:';''"-\ . ·. . . ·
support ?f the employer ~$ prov1ae~:;.f6r~nay.rlJ'h~--·--"'""'~£r tf. ~~- ·
Rules or as may'be.provided for 9Y2'~ Bg_a~q,~.?' . Pay.m~,pt~GlaJ~s·and _Benefits .. .
,. . . · · · . · · ·;f '-1:)/_;>_.c,.,,,.,,,, - ...,....,_,.r""7'T-h~E_untl::sfiall PCO!flptly pay the. benefits provided
Notwithstandi,iig.' any contract}~;tJ;ie'.'.f6f1Vary,aB_i -=£· w,,r.· in .R1.ile{tt~·,Q!1'ftl-e~lRRto the member .. or to "sucf.l
.empl~yer.shall n.ot·cteduct, dirfct1y:i:>(V1dire8t1y,-frol3i .~I\. .l,),arsons\as rr.f~f b~ ~ntitled thereto in accordance
~~ -compensation .~f ils e~11eff~e_e~,ioverf~---~-the 1r(/~· witl) ~he Jprovi~~q.!1sf9f+faid. Ruf~ provider! lhnt t.he ·
Fund, or ,othe,w1se rec1ver,~flj?m-.tf-.~m. 1fie'""""II , · i1~~ssaJiY· supl()oitlt)g f.dpcuiue11l~. ,ue submitted
employ~r.·s 'contri.bution.wit~r~pe.e.~ to:·SUC~(/RR "o!;r.Ji . ~ag:~herf,wi~h th~ ?:ippii'.f~!ion f6_f pr.~vident Claims. In
~.A. _No, 967[}, Rule IX, :Sec; 11,.""A _U · . ' . . ,,b_ ~fillr~r~t1onllieretq,ijUri~·"f ~ref Exe.cutrve Offic.e~. shall.·
· · ·. , · · . · · ~ ~---t U · r-1( . · ,:: ·: ~ssue Jb~ecessaiy5rules and · procedures,- to
Acts of the ·.Employer. st\al! ir,r~ Pr'e~t·~@di~~~~-:f. t;,~lffit~~l),i.. pijGe~si'r~~ and payment of the_ l)aid
iytemb.er · · _. ~ _\\l..v \\ <lf).· ,:: ·[iJ· i£i,P-\;Jl1,e rts g}rld claims· {t~R.pfRA. No. 9679, Rule x,
. failur~. or refusal of.t.he ~mplqyer.to \~y 6 {\S"f,mift ·1 ~~e\!'W. }1·· . / · · ·· . . · · ...
. the contributions rerei,:i:-pr:esc,;ibed, o~~,s--m~-fi~:,~ · Y.. I .. ..Jf . . · . . _ ·
~rovided.for by t.h~ Board; sb~\nc;>t ·pfej~d(o'~Jh_~~~ju~i?~tf.on· ·_an·9'-Settlement· of. Cl.aims and:
. nght of tJ:le covere_d e.mployee ·to .~,e ben~Jili;,.\lQcle~~i~);ltes ""'~ j_f. , · : . ·.
. R.A. 9679 ,and~ the~e ~\J)es. (/RR_ b'f:ft?~_Af~;if.9'.~~.,.,"'sc="'"F~e""\~~f; ,~alt hav~. o~iginal:.. anq . exclusi"'.e
·· Rule IX,· Sec.. 2). ·. · · . ·. 1: ., - (J.'.t_ : . 1'i { ·,t1f~dip11.9fr..;:6ver_all clar~ns· and, d!spytes .o.n any
.· ., · · · · · . · .· ·- .· . lV.n..KmalJ,t:rPl'etative . to ihe imptementc;1tibn of the
Return of Cohtrlbut,ons . . . ' :~~'pf'gvisiori's .. ·oLRA.- No. 9679 ·and these .Rules·.
A member. shali<b~ entitle~. to._receive· ·his Total : . affecting the.rights anc;I interest of the ·.mE!mbers. ·
>A.ccumul~ted. .· Va_h,1e . 9p'on-': tertniriati<;m . of. ·. . . · ·.. . · . . . .: . . .·
··.membership;. less 'any and all .penaing· oolig~tiqns. ·me: decision .of the Cl"iief Exec~tiv~ o'tticer of·the
.· with the Fund: In tlie event of.death·; 'the· member's · Fur:id·s!la.11 ~e final ane::I e?,<ecut6ry1 _i:mless. ~i.:fpeal~d
. h~i.r$ shall likewi$e' rec~iiie t~e-s·am~·less .any.ano all. to the :a-o~~d;- after the. lc!P~e of ~o· days from .receipt .
pending ..oblig~tions with th~ Fund ·(IRR"of R.A. No.·.. by,.· the aggrieved 'p?irty. of· suc_h.. 9e~isioi) .. The
'~ . ~679; Rule· IX,· Sec. 5). . · · · c;teclsiOri -of the f?oafd shalf.,·. Unless ·app0~1ed . to· a .
. competent court,"become final ·and ·execul9ry after
.P.o$bility of M;mbership · ·. .: . ··. . : . · : 15· ~:lays fri:,>m receipt
. . : o.f. su.ch . . d~cislon.
. .
·.: · ·
,. A member .who'.tra'n.sfersto another ~mployer or'who . - .
·.pecomes s.elf-employed· carrie~ .with "him·his· Total' . T~e .Chief Executive ()ffjc,er~hall ptesc~ibe the fo.rms·
of
. '. Acci,u:nul~ted Value (/RR iJ:A: No.. 9.§.7~. 8ule IX, to be used .and the procedure& to be followed In· the
· ·sec. 8): · · · . · ',-- .·· .. · . · . . ... - •' aciJudi~ation . and_ settlement of the ·claim;:; and
. ·dis~utes (~~R o_f f?.A No.. 9679, f~ule X; _Sec 2). · ·
· o·pti,orjal Withdrawa·l ·of;Contrinution~ .:
Ttios~ who become m~mbers ·of the· Fund .after the
. l;lffe~tivity of ,F.~:A. No. 961!:hihail have .the option tq ..
- .. withdraw his or her Tot<i11 Accumulated Value. on the
· · 1Sth·year'of continuous membership .. Provided, that

.3·os· 1 .. 201s ~ SAN BEDA.LAWCENTRAuzED

. BAR 0PERAT10Ns·
.
 SP-ECI.AL GR6ups . .
SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS:_ME,\10RYND 2019

Note: 'Full pay consists of basic salary and

PATERNITY.LEAVE mandatory allowances:fixed by the. Regional Wage ,
f.
I;,
{R.A~. No. 81.87) . Board, if any (2019 Handbookon worker'sMon.etary
Statutory Benefits, p. 29). · . · . ·
1t
11°·. . ·
{t ··:M_eanl~g of Paternlty Leav~ . : · . Conditions for Entitlement · ·
i, Paternity Leave refers to the benefits granted to a The married male employee shal! be .entitled to
~y married male .employee.allowing him not to report for paternity leave benefit provided that h'e has met the'
f work fors~veri'.(?) days' but contlnues to earn the ·rollowing-.condition·s: (£-CAB). · ·· · ·· . ·. .
/ . compensatlon tberetor/on the condition that his 1 .. He ls an !;.mployee ~t the 'time of the d.elivery of
t . spouse . has . delivered : a child or. suffered ·a . his child' . . . . .
\. .l"f'!)Sca~(i.age for· eriabllnq . hlrn to eft:ectlv.ely lend 2., He is ~~habitingWit~:his SpOU$~. et the time sh~· .
of
.·~ .. sepport'to his _wife lrrher period recovery and/or in gives birth .at suffers ·a tnlscan:iaga;... . ..\, ·:. :.: :: '<· .
J-. th.e.nur~ing-o.Mhe·newly-bprn.c_hild (R.A_.. No .. 8187,
.:·, Sec. 3). : . :
3 .. ·He has·.~plied. for. pat~rnlty .le~ve y.;iffr:l'iis ~;.·
· employer; . : ·. ·. -.-:... ·: . . ... · .: , . · · :. : :·. ·
.{; · . :- . . . 4. His. Wi!.e · has · given . ~frth· "or..
$Uffer~cf;-'--:a·· .
::'. Purpoae: . . mf~carr-iage (R{!.vis~d JR[?· a.n.« No:.. 818-7 for .
;.} .. The· purpose. of this benefit ·is: to allow ·the husband . the Private Sector, Sec, '3). . .
'( :·to -le~d. support to 'his. wife clllri~g. the 'period of . . . . . . ·. . . ·. .. . . . . . . . ..
·,. recovery and/orin the rtursjh'g of the newly born chilc:J.::('.--;') N_ote:. Cohab1t~ng ·m.e.an~· the .. obli~ation ·.of. the,
(2019 Handbook. on Worker'~ Monf)tary St~tu(tiJ&, ·/::,, husband ~nd w1_fe_t? hv~ together.. If the spo~_ses are . · .
Benefits, p. '2~). . . .. · r ,· ·.'(/., :';.,__
not physically hvirrg together because · of the
':. '· . ,:. · . . · .. Lsr:-.:1;. ,·,;,,•! workstation or occupation, the male.employee is sljll
·coverage·' :. ·'. . · . ,. . . . ):· 1.i· = ,q'.!_ .• e,r:J1i,t~ed lorthe paternity· leave. ben(,)fit .' (2019
it· · !h8: Patern:(tYi.._e.ave is g_ra~ted to male e'!}P}.9feJs{)1~:.:::!1f~_1f~~~~3;W9rker's _Mon~tary Stc1tutot.y_Behellis, · ·
in b.oththe publ_1~rnnd:the.pnvate sectofr~.f.ius: ~ 7jl p.29).. =-.;\ · · · '
1. ,-EyefY,- ma~r.i~d _male employee .w_.,t~.Er .'pfiV~tlef ~,· • jf;{'\ ,,' · , : \ · · .· ·
. s·ecto,r· sha,11·: 'be . entitled to P.at13r-,i)tY.•.Jr.aid< (,~. Th_e term JP
1f~~e · ref~rs to the la~I wife, which ·
. - benefits for the first. fot1r ..(4)_,.9jfiverJ'e'.~f.!?yhis O. mE!afls thf,wima~who 1s l~gally m~rr,ed to the mal.e ·
· 1awtul spou·se· under_:such t~,msar;ia ~ondi.tiori§~ .. t, :l
emplo~er.o/coicerq_~d (~ev,se.dIRR.o_f R.A. 8187 for
·a~· provide_d:ti~_ law (Rf!.fsi,:'cjLfir.F$.;,6,f~ftA.No:_"'· ijthe P~1;:,f!te .~.':!?!/!l~c;_
1(d)). . . .. · -: .
8187'forthe_Pn_.v_ate·_sectot..JSec,. ~i..'f~l).1).~ ... L·{ . ·' ~,,~r-ir•~.rt~··:;JP ... , .
Go~er~ment employees are~l~9"·~r;iTif!~~to·fti~' .' !-+i? Apph~at .~oJoc6;9a_ter-nity._L~ave. . .. . ..
. . p~tem_1ty l~ave beriefjt. Th~y s~a'!J.Che')~yetned f:/ The m~~ned_f)'lal.e employe_e~hall _apply for pat~m1ty
t
by.th13_ Civil Serv,~e Rules. (201'9 (i!._an<{'?j_ok on . p~J~f'!e.with h1.s .employer w1l\1m a· reaso~able period
. · Worker's·A:f.q,netarfStiJ.tµto_ryB,e{lefit~/'P· 29};, _,,,_,;,:,;,,:·!-~f;,tJ~~ fr~~the expe?t~d._d~t~,of ~el1v.ery by th~·
.• . :. · .. . ·, · . . • · <,,,,f_ . ,;·. c,,;.-.__.....pF~gnaflt,,.sJ:1Uuse, or '1,Vltlirn such penod·as·may be.
· ·l.~·~,.;~· Benefit:· . ,:·· · .. :·. ·.·. .. : .\L,·. fr\!.~· provid~d bY.. .coi:npany rules :~n~·: f~g-~lati9ns.'or ~Y .·
..J,h~.p,aternity_ !~aye-sl)all-be_ f9(seven (7)_:~}i with cqll~chv_e l;,arg_a1n1ng: aweem~~\.-pr.o":'d~d_ th_a~:prior
.fult P.~Y, _availa_b!~ 011ly for th_e first (Qllr deliveries pf. a~pl1cp~on..for leaye?hall ·hot. be ·r.equired m pase of:
thE! legitirpate· spouse with .wt)orn :he is cohabiting m1~c~mag~ (Rev,se~ l~R ofR;A. No... 818! for the
(R:A.'-Nd._8187:_,S~c. 2}, . Pnv~te Se·ctor,Sec.. 4) ... · . · ·. · .. : · .

. '
•. -~~currvi C<;)MM.rITE}:i... SUBJECT C::<;)~'ITEE ~.BERS . ADVISER:$ . { .
· MA)!Y C:YRffiLL C. SUMANQID ·'KRISTINA· D.: ~UGAO · JOHlit'BENEDJi:;;f M. RIVERA, ·ATTY. Jb~CH. M ..
'Overa{lll 9iiairperscm,: ERICA.·· Subject'Chpir,·VICTOR KENNER RA]EEN jILLIAN D: ,BIASCA •. ·GOLANGCO, Atty. MARLON) ....
MAE .O.sVISTA Chairperson for $ .. GALANG Assistant Subject CHRISfIAN MARJE LYNN P. MANUEL and ATIY. PETER-·
Ac~ciemlcs,, ... ,B~· 'REI , &. . Chalr;.MISHAEL R OCCIANO SOLIS, JO.ANNA PATRICIA R JOEY B. USITA . . .
·B~~O Ch"airperson.for Hotel .Subject '. F,~ectro.nic . · Data PADRID,,STEPHA.Nm NtcciLE . · · ,· .
OpcratiOTJS, ]~A LQUIS!!,B ..• Proc~sing. NA~AEL. A. M. ILAC:::AD,. and ANN MAl,l.Y .
. I?~O. Vice Ch'.'-irperson for. QUIJANO ,1:.a/Jor Sta'i1dards, BEA MICHELLE B. )WALO ...
Setretarlat, EARL JT;JSTIN M. - PATRIClJ.\ G: DANGAZO IA/Jor
,.;, . . Y.f\MfJ.A.0 .Vice. Chairperson for Relations, ;and JU~ND
· ,Qperations, MA. .MJGEilCA,B. FRAN:CEZ TiiERES.S M.
t DE 'i.EON Vice Chairper:son for . : ABRIAM J urisdictlon' and Special ·.. ·
?., .. : · Finance, . ~ OLMAYA' ·).'. . Laws
'.1:. ·. BADANGAN _Vice .Chairperso'.'
f·· forAudit~JORDANN.~~
. Vicep!iP,,rperson for. EDP, HANZ·
DARRYL D.TIU Vice
Chairp.ersonjor Logii.itcs, and'
DOHN ALFRED E. AQUIUZAN .
Vi"ce Chairperson.for Membership
 SPECIAL G·R.OUPS
Availment
'm');PUW
· SAN BEDA
A

Paternity leave benefits shall be · granted to tlie

.
Qfa

.
.
LAW CENTflAL'fZEDBAR
. OPERATIONS
9
. ' - ME!.fORYAID·:2019
ii
. .• .

M:A.TERNIT): LEA VE
IIWM
-·
qualified employee after the' delivery by- .his· wife,
without prejudice to an employer allowing an
(SECTION·.14-A·.()F R.A~ No ..
emp)oyee to avauot the benefit before or durirg the .. . 1i61,.ASA_MENDED BY R.A -.
delivery; provided, that the total number of days shall . .. .: · :No. 73·22,.FURTHER .
not exceed .seven (7) days for each delivery
(Revised. iRR of. R.A. No. 8187 ·f.or the. 'Priv,ate AMENDED BY R..A. N9."8282)
.
. /

Sectot; Sec. 5) ..
' Noti:1:- ·The for.e'goi.ng·discusslon provides; for the
· Non-conversion to Cash . . maternity, leave. benefits · under ·H.A.· 1'161, as'
Benefits riot availed of.shall not be converted to cash .amended by RA. No; -7;322-a!')d R.A. 8282 .. · . ' ·
and shall not be cumulative .(2019 f!ar:u;Jpook'on
Worker's Monetary Sfatu~oryBenefits,P, 30):' R.A. . 11210, ,'. ofheiwise kr.1~wn .'as. the °Expanded
··· · . Maternity Leave (EML) Law, became effective only
. Crediting of Existing Benefits:. . _· . .·. ... -on March 8, 2019 (15.''f}ays· after comptetlon'ot. ifs
Wh.er~. a.. 'male. employee · is already, enjqying: the pubticetion in the· Officia( Gezetie 'on.Pebraery 21;· ·
. paternlty lea_v~. benefits._ by · rea~C!~ of· contrac!, _ 2019~. f;urlhf!r·amendmen.tsPfov{de':'by R;A. 1121 ()'
c.?mpany policy or. coll~ctrve barqaininq, agreen:i~"'a,:e.;c{fJ,$CU$Sed
these rules sball apply. , ,. . . ,.-:P"
1- If the exi~ting pat~rnit~ .1l3ave _benij,itJ.fs':g~~ter' '. ·4
, u }~{erf.it¥
, . ·~- at the end of the section:
~"";,Tu.· -· . . . · . . .
1;e~ye Benefit. . . . . . . -, ,·. · · :
..·.

: thah .the .ben.efit ,~~reu:i. prov1~~.d~~~~1J:.e~~=-:~=.,,~·,.ft.tilal{)P~~b~r. who .has paid ~t least three (3)
r :
. .. . be.nefit.s~,a!I preva1!, _ · ... ,,Yf Y/. ~- · . mont,ti'ly.·~cop~~ut.\,.ons. m the twelve · (1-2)_-month
2. ·. If th';l ex1sbn\'.J .1?.atemrty l~a~e~s~ft~i~tt;iat='=ii;-=p~rii;>c4j~egjatel,X~J>recedin'g the seme·ster·of. her .
pr<?v1oed. herein, such ex1t!,.1;1)'~E:iElt1t,l:lha.11 ..9BJ
adjusted to the ex ten~ of ,e. d1ff~~encej
J ·- -~(:lildbirth ~--r;nffo~arqage.'. shall be . paid .a .daily
· · lf-' . :" · ffl'atemi1 b~il¥i.ll't;quJV..~?leryt to. ~ne. hu~dred_ (100%) .
. ·· . · / ~~:..... ff. L ·=-- rt" - .of her av:13rage~ij~Js.tJflrY cred1t'for sixty (6,0) days
·. Howe~er•.. wher~ ..a contra~t;.,;J<,Or?frpaf.l_Y f01J~Y....;,~ 9.f.f-~V~l]ly~eigti\,G]:8)\ ~ays. in case of caesarian
· .. colle.ct1ve bargam1n§J ag~e'qme·AtfiP_r~y1der foi''-.@n~ -~efivery J~.A..N!f 828j,\iSec. 14--A).. · . . .
· emergency ·or :contrngencyg .le,!'l).l.e~w1thout\speG.ifi · ~. J, · . U ~.ff · · · ·. • : . · ..
. pro.visi'ons o.n paternity .1.ea".'~/ti<i~fteriQ~~ave::as:~~---..9.,~,,1~ s ft~o·~.. "l;htjtlem~t' _ . of: 'Maternity
· herein provided shall apply,,11, f~lli'@~VIS_;J~~~'fu
. R.A. N?~ 8187 for the Privat#~eitbr\se?~t~{ 5t ~ ·1 · . .
sen~f~··:{
~ . ;{ . . N-f3-~ J ·. · .
al~mem~jr s~ould .be an s~s:M~rilber;"
· · ·
. -· . ,.· :. ~ ~tr"-.:~~... ~p.oye9fat the w-(1'~of dehy.ery, m1sc~rrr~ge 9r .
>P.enal.ty . · . : · .... \ ~~W,oi:tjo!')! ... L_ .... · , ·. · .. · . ":. · . -
.Any '.f:~e~scin, . cc:iwo~ati~n. ttust:.~firyrri,.~~e~~T!:.'·,:rrlf".!She,~.s~ ~.a;-1.e~g)ventf1e .req1,1ired..Notificatjon to_
a~soc1at101'l ·or ~ntrty found. vlol~tirig~ny p~~r?-lon"o~~ .id'.::f1n~·~:s~t?-':!Pru-if;er -~mployer .(2019 ·Han.dbopk·on.
tt:iese( Rules ·.~hall.· be. penalized ·nv._ ~ (tib'e~=~lf~j\ep-'fs.~getary -Statµt.'?ry Benefi,tsi p.. 28);
· exc~~ding P25,.000orimprisonm.er:rtpf?i~t1e\s~~an
. 30 days nor mqre than 6,mon~s,. , ... · . ~~
M·
£
· ;)~b~~ ·0•· • ·
,.!l.q_.~1:i~r~m~!emember r:nul;?t nave. f'a'id .~t least
_. . :- •

·· .:", · ·· - . · · · · ... : ·. .· · · . · · · .~ ......,...::~-··· three ffi lr!Or'lths of maternity eontributior:isJh th~·.

If the vicflation js committed by·a-corpor~tion,, trust_or .. · . . · twel\ie (12}-month period lmn')~tjiatety°beforeth~
firm, paryn~rship;-association·or .any o·th,er.i.ntlty, the·. ·· semester· of .he~ ctjildbirth. oi"_miscafriage (R,A.
penalty of imprisonment shall· b.e imposed· on ·the. No~8Z82,·sec. 14-A). ·
_entity's.r.esPOrlsible officers, if'.)clUding bu.t not~l!tnited. ·. . .. ~ ··: · . . ~ .: ·· . · .- ·.. ). . . .. ..
. ·to; the: pr~sideqt, v,ice. ·pres1d~nt, · c;hief execptive . . : "Every pregparit vvoma_n is eri~itled to:materni\y'leave.
offi~er,' ··general mc\lnager, . managing. director· or··. . b·e.nefits. rei;iar.dl0$S .. Of her>" .~iV!f Status, : wl')etl)er ..
P..artner d)rectly responsibl~ lf:leref9r (Revised.,fRRof . T1Ji3tried.·or u:rmarried·. . . .
R.A. Nb:·81-87 for the PrivateSedor, Sec. 10). ... .. . · ' · : ' · ·· .
· · · · · ·. . · · · .. · .. Maternity. beF\'efits·are granted _16.·em.pioy~e~ in lieu.,
., ·, · · of wag~s · i;t.l'ld,.· me·r~fore,.·may' not,·be included in ·
C,6mputfng the employee'.s 13\llTmc:mth. pay for fhe
. : .. c.alendar yea.r '(201.9 .. Ha.n.i:fbbdlf ··.dn_ ,Wor~er's
· . ,Monetary:statuto(YBenefi(s, p.2!),· : · -, :.. . .'
·. ·- . . . ... . .
. Conditfons.: (~P-BF;RWC) : : ·. . · ··. · . . ' _'
·t. Th·e·employee shall have· NoiifiecJ. h·er. 'Elmployer .
.of.her pre·gna.ncy a.n~.thS probaQ.le di:ite of her
childbirtti,· whic~ ·notice shi311 be·..transn:,itted .to
the SSS . ii') accordance with . tlie ruJes and
reg'ulations it m~y provide; . / . .
.-. ·.
: 310 2019 SAN BEDA LAW CEN.TRAllZED BAR OPERATIONS..
 SPECIAL GRou·p5:.
... SAN 8£.DA.LAW tENTTIALIZED DAR OPERATIONS - MEMO~Y AID '2019
JW- HO I 4SM .MB& --~·PAA

The full Eayment shall be advanced by tne instance· · of pregnancy, miscarriage . or

employer within 30 'days from·.the filing of the . ernerqency · terrnlnation . of ', pregnancy,
,.,_. . maternity leave appltcation: regardless of frequency (R.A. No. 1-1210, Sec.
•//"· 3. The payment of daily maternity benefits shall be 3): . .
~'!.; · · a ~ar to the· recovery of slckn'ess·· benefits.· 2. Applicability to employees in the public sector s-
provided by.this, Act for the same .. period for Since R.A No .. 1'1210 extends to workers in the
which· daily. rnaternlty benefits' -have been go.vernment: it additionally provides : for
· received; · . .·. · · .·. . ·: · · .. \ qualiticatlons for:.entJfleme'ri! of female workers
4, The maternity .benefits provided under .. this in the public sector; (Go-N6) . . . .
section shall· be . paid only for the first four a. Fem.~le,- worker should be· in Gov.ern.nwnt
-detlveries ormiscarrtaqes: ~ ·.· · . ·. . .· . service, in Natronat-Governrnent Agencie~ ..
5. The SSS shall in:un,ediate.ly· ,Reimburse" the l,.ocal . Government . Units. Government-
employer of. 100%. of t.he amount ·of maternity Owoed.'or-,G6ritrolled C6rporations; o'r State .
. benefits advanced to· the 'employee by 'the . -, 'Un'iversiti'es a'rid Goll~ges.. . .. : -v. •. · .... .'· . . . .-
. employer upon receipt of sati~tactoi:y. proof of b. The head of the .agency· shallbe given d.u~
such payment.and ·legallty thereat 'and . Notice, irf writing, afteas\:.45'day$ bef6re.:the
6. ·. If an .employee- member should. ·give· birth or end of the maternity leave·(R.A. No. 1'1210,.
.suffer : 'miscartiaqe Without · the . required Sec. 4).· . . .
~ontributior:,s. having been remltted. for .her, by 3: ~Maternity leave 'shall be· granted·. to female
her employer ~O the SSS,. or wtthouf the latter ~...D workers : in . ever:t lnstance+of pregnancy;
tiavi.ng _bee.n previously notified ·.l;>y U:,e- ~m·p10,ri~t \;~'!.:( . · miscarriage .or- emergency termination· of
of the. time. of the .preqnancy, the ~mplo¥er.~11,f!Jl;1,~ 1;,; ;\ • rxe~n.a_ncy, re~ardJ9:ss of frequen~y; . .·. .
· pay t? the. SSS ..damages· equivalent .tol .tii~:.~"'•.i '.'.} 4 .. Allocatlon ?f Mate~ntty L~ave Credits -Afemale
bE!~efit~· which said empl<;>yee· member. ~~/JI~;.,· .._.~l:,r;~.wo~ker.~n,t1tled to mat~rruty.leave b~mefi.ts, ~ther.
. .ott:ier:w1se~ave been,:mhtled .<Sec, to .5~JrN'i?r:.:·/r-~~~P1i~~f a!~oc.ate .up .to 7 d~y.s ~f said benefits ~o.
· :1-12.10). . . .· .· .. . . ..,-<;,./ .. ,.. if .. . the. eH1ld.·s, father, wh~ther qr not the s.af'!le 1s
· . · . ·... · ~.?;' . : ,A... ,.,~, marriedtl'~\thefemale worlser: ·Provided: that in
Under .the Magna Carta. of "Yomen'. }.V9Jlil~n. iii· t~·-:1{. the .deJti\! ~ps'ence; or incapacity of the former,.
milita~y .• po,lice 1:1.nd other servi~es·s~!l.l:~-~~~d .to... 1:t the: ~fne 1t q;_iay .be anocate~.-to ~n: alt~rnalivf;
;
lea.vs ben.efits such as matern1ty.J(ave; c3{fp."ro:v1q~.d,. ~~1 ·.. · careµ,!ve. wh\may be .a rela~1ve_w1thin tl:leJourth
for by .existing laws.(R:A. No.,if,p_g,Se~·:(5). · i·. ·'-:\. Ir:,\ : .. · ~egf~e oU:_comwnguinity or·the current p_~rtrier of Ii.
. ·. ·. . . · · · · · · l~'/y>..-:::,::---'7,)·j-~~· .'~it:.. : · !;,.: . · ~,rern.~l~~ork~fstiaringthe same hou~ehold, l
. It is no~ ~ec~ssary that a:w~111a11!t~~ ilJ)P[~(oat~tllq~ .. ,n,!· . updf.it.!ffi'si.2Jile t;:tio~of the mother ~aking into
4
!.
~.er1eg!t1mat~spouse. lt1s1m.1;1aterm1~.t30:m~fat~;r.- r,;.1. . : .aq:ounqhe b.~s~.mterE:st of the child (~~c ... 6;
· 1s .. Every· pre:gnaht .. woman ..;in ·theJ,ppvat~~;1>ect0_r-.·... '!'~~- ~·~R.A'.No. 11210)., · . . · · . .
lh'het.her marrie_d· or unrnamed, is· ~~.ti~tiYto: th~..-).~:~~: •. :.,.,~~7-'--~· ·. , . . · ·. . ., . . _-. .
· materni~.: leav~. be11.efits. Being.·. ~t ·unm~rrl.¢0\u,...·.:......:;_N?,te:.:.:f.lie9matemit_yleave. ~~~,!:!fits g_rai:ite.d ·pnder
.. woman. 1s not an ob.stacle ..for .th~ .~r~nt'·qf,1s.uc.h · . th.is ·Act sl')all be enJoyed by.a female wor~e~ 1n. the
· . benefits. to the less fortunate (1 POQUl?.>~r.a at · · gov~rnm'ent s~rv1ce·and in· the pr:iv'ate·sector even if .
. ·300). · . · .' · .. · · · ·· · -~~ . ·. . :she. ·!'las· a· pe~ding ;3dministra,tiye ·case ( $ef. 12, ·
{" . . RA.No.11210). .
i,' impott;ant Changes. under R.A 11.21 otherwlse o,: . 1 •, •
. knq.wn: afthe' Expanded :Maternity Leave.·(EMLJ · .': ·... R:~ ~o. 7322:v.' ~·.:.~),1o·.. 11.~~ 0.'
· Law .. · . , : :. · · ·
'· ·1. ·.E~pahded coverage~ RA. No.'112'1 Q expanded
J'. its cov.erage. All .. cov'ered·. _'f!;)male workets. :in
government :an~ the pFil,atE{ sector.. i.ncluding
tlios~·· in- -the. inform?~· Eicq11omy, :re'gardl~S$··of .·. , 'A covered femafe Ai.I ... ·covei~cf . : .f!;im.ale ··
.civil sla}us 9r .the legitimacy1ofher cl'lildr~n shall· . -employee who h~,1i ·paid wqrk¢rs · _in . g(?,V!3h:lment
.f,.
be· paid a .. datlY maternity ,benefit .eq~ivalenMo at· least· three· rhonthty and · the pri,;,ate ..sector;
100%-of her.'ave.rage·dally sala(Y. credit for·)0.5 ·ms:iternity' ., COJ1fributi9ns· iric'luding th,ose In. th·e
days for chi!9bJrth,. whether.Mr-ml;!I or·.c~esarian in the 't.y.elve-llionth informal 'econoniy.. : . ,.
deliyery, · or.· .·60 · dqys .' .for : miscarria.ge or period .. 'p.receding : 'tt1e · .
.. - emergency termination, with an .option to,exterid_ sern·ester . ·or 'her
· · for an addf.tional 30..days.witliout,pay ... pr9vide9, c!,ildbirth, . ·abortion· :or
.that in case the worker q'ualifi!3.s:as a solo parent .. ' rtjiscarriagt;? ·and· wh9 is.
under the. •isolo Parents'. ·.Welfare' Ac.t•, the currently employed· ·
worker Shall, be ·granted aa addit\onal 15_ 'd~Y,S
· maternity leave with full ·pay. Maternity leave
·shall .be· grant~d to fema.le ·wor-1:<.ers in every ·

'201~ SAN BED~ LAW.CENTRALIZED BA~ OPERATIONS I 311

,.
;.
 s·PE'·CIA·L caouss
SAN Bl;OA LAW.CEN1RALIZf:D BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY A1D·2Qf9
G 4 . @ e•&ltiGRM :ee 4
. . .
5. · Parent left solo or· atone.with the responsibility of .
parenthood due to· legal .§.eparation -or defacto
Sjxty · (6.0). days for One h1:mdred ·t,ive -(105) asparation from. spouse for. at least 1 r year, as
n~xmal . . . ··a_elivery, days for childbirth, long as_ he/she is entrusted with. the custody pf
emergency termination, whether· normal .. or the children; · · ··
dt·rn.iscarriage. . . :caesa·rian delivery. 6. Parent left solo-or alone. with the responsibility of
. ' pa_~enthood 'due . to declaration 9f ,h!ulljty or.
.Sev.enty-eight (78) days Sixty_. (60)' c1ays for annulment. o.f marriaqe as. decreed by a court or
. ·f?r caesarian deliver-y. miscarriage or by ·a' church as Jong 'as he/she is entrusted with
. emergenc:;y twmination,. . the custody of the-children:
With an option to· extend 7. · Parent left solo 6r alone wit.h the·resporisibili.ty of
. for an additional thirty parenthood due to ~banaooment of spouse for · ·
· (~O) days .wlthout :pay. at'Ieast 1. year.;.· ·. .· . · ·
. Provided, thar in case . 8,·· . llnmarrjed rnother/tather who has preferred to
'the worker quallttes as a ·. keep and rear . her/his ctiild/children ·instead· of'
solo . parent . 'under the having. others care for them or giv~ t'ti~m u'p to a
. '. .~·solo Parents' Welfare . welfare institution; . - - .
Act", the workershall be' 9. Any Qther person who solely. provides-parental
· grant~,q an _addi!L~i;ial, :-~==.:;carean_d· s~pp~rt to a child or ·children·. pro~icjed
fifteen (15}.days,.#.,... Jv ~lf
\\ L \JD1.~W..f?.~~
~~!l1!).e,1s ..duly hcens.ed as a fol?~e.r parent -~Y.the
~uly appointed guardian by the co.urt;
• . • • • • •• • ~---~-~~ny gE..~~!lY · mernb~r . w~o, -asaurries the
. , , ,,-: . . ,,,_;·-·= r:e~ol'.fs1?i)1ty,~f head. of family as a result.of the
May Wlocat,\!}!J?)~-~~~en.- ·.::I::: .-~-d ...~~~~,;.:_al:la_Q~~nment;.. disappearance or
(1) tx...~e~ ,1.fl ~ene'.1.t ~~ lf' w.· prof~ng~a\~~f11n~e
. .c..-:.:_..Ja ~~: ~
1...-.-~..-:.-~--....,..,.,._:_J-/!4-,:....;2;;,,,..".f.,/l?J-~L.:.
of th.e parents C?r solo p3i.rent
for a~ lea'\t~ ~a~(R.A. No. 8~72, Sec. 3, par.
. .. . . . f
. ! 1·--~ : -·-4f'il.--'~). i ., (J) '\ ·-: . . . .
· . PARENTAL
. .__ .
t 7:J~
Ti~~ ·F· · ·~R·, . "-;::~ ~~Ye:.A ;~~~~ge~~m~~s}~tusor circumstance ot'the
; -~~~~\ . 0. · .t:.:r ~\\.~parent 9la1mm.g ~b.erietJI~ under. this Act, such that
·::SOLO P.ARENJ.'~ {Rl\A.<s1\2).:.:. . ~--..c:"'he~he/~~lcin~~r·le~tlf11~rJ~wit~.th~ re~p?~~ibi,lfty.
·
~·
. · ·
·.
-
.
·
\. · 1nJ.~ 'e~~'\. :-,,;
·· .\ ·. \ · : ~~~~
s,·t
I
$.{,,~
paf;9f:ftj bd, ,~n~le,~mmatehis/her ellg1b1hty for ,
....~w . fits JR.A. @'. 8972, Sec. 3, par. (a)).
'.

- .. Meanjng'of ~arent~l.(~oto P~{ent) ~~ave· (f ~{ ,;;;(ilf. . ~"'

. l : . l .·. . . . . . . . ,. : __
P~rental leave ~h~ll 1;1ea~ Jeav'~be'nefifs~.g'rante1t~~3~ .n ..~ier.to}tJp~e hvmg with ·and depen~ent
a &?lo parenqo el]able h1m/her t~, p~rforrri'\eatebt~fEN'11!lB;~h7.s~o pare.ptfoi: support who ar~ unmamed,

. . . . . . · · . · . ·. . . . . '"°'-·
~1Jt1es ~nd ~esP.on~ibilitie~ wh.ere p . sicajl'~Fef:ie~~~~e9i,,tmJ/iot
1s requireu-1/RR of R_.A. No. 8972, Se . ,6(g)?V't) ~~-e.~1\.~t:;,;,P,Jtfats

.Pefin1tion of Terms
$c:>(o· Parenf refers t~ .any individlic!I who falls uncjer .
1
.i_ . · lVf
·· ·
6.
_8972~.Sec
m.or.e~han 18years.pf age, or
but are me:a~ab1.e of self-support_
bt~·a~s~;,Wf'mental~nd/or '~hys1(:aJ def~cUdisability
. . ·. . : .. · >~'''"'"""<=};;.J!;;,~. .. 3, par. (b))...
· · ·
. .. ·· , .

any. of. th.e f(!llowin·g. categories·:·. (RaDe-DiSNA·· · ·, L~ave 6enefit . . . .... . . .. . . . . .

UnQF) . . . . ' · . . . In.. add.i~on.t~rle,ave· privileges under existing laws,
f: A womar-\',who_f1iVes :t,irth clS. a l'esµlt ot'Bfil)e.and · pare_ntarJeav~ of not .. m9re 'than seven (7) WOfkihg
,:.. Other crimes against:ch~fstify;i3Ven.Without a -final· days_ every year·.snall .be. granted. to ·any solo pa·rerit ·
· .. c6nviction··of'the o:ffonder: i:>rovicled,: That the ernploye:e.who has rendered :servic:e·:of at'least 1
. rrtother:keeps·ancfrai~esthechild;·' ·. :· . y~ar, The ~even-clay par~ntai'leave shalLbe non.;.
. 2 .. -..:Parentleft solo or:'alone·with.ihe resp9_nsibiiity·of . · · c1,.1mu_lati'·fe(/RR_ of.R.A. No:·'8972; S~c. ·18).'. .' ,
. · .Parenthood due ~9 ·oea'th Of ~fpouse; ·. · ··-=- ·. · . . · · · · · · · .
~. ;P~rent l~ft solo oi:-alon~.with the responsibility of . · C.ondition~·for .entitlemi:mf of Parerital Lea~~:
.. parenthood while th~ spouse is Detained or :is ·(·1~No~Pre) · ·. ,. · ." · · · · · . .· · · ·,
. - · . serving"sentenc~ 'for ~ criminal conviction:·for at 1 ... 1he solo, par~nt mus.t render at least 1.ya'ar of
.. '. ·1east'1 year; . ·. . . .. · service, whether continuous or.broken· · ·
A: . Parent left solo'o'r alMe with the respor'isibiflty af. ?'0 ·"The solo. par.e.nt mu'st N·otify the erriplo~er ·of the.
parenthood ·due ·t9 physical--. arid/or rrrental . .- avqilinent ther~of .within a reasonable period cif
!ncapacity 'of spouse as certifiec! by .. a publtc.. · time; . · · ·
medical practi,tioner; . . 3_. The solo parent ·. -most Present his . · 'solo ·
ld'entifica}icin Card to the employer (/RR R.A..
N9.. 8972, SeC ... 19)~ ·· . ..,.

312 I 2019 SAN BE_DA LAW CENTRALIZEP SAR OPERATIONS

 . Non~ Conversion· to Cash . . . . . 4 .. M_edleaf. Ass1stanc~ .(or ·_Essentiai H~&lth
· 1n the event that the parental leave is not availed of, Packages). ··The . DOH shall ·. develop a
· said leave. shall not be· convertiblato cash unless comprehensive· 'health care-: program for solo
'speclflcally agreed upon previously. However, if·said parents and 'their children (R.A. No. 8972, Sec.
leave were deriled arr'erriptoyee as a result of non- .-~ ·, ·.11):. . . .
compliance wit~ the provisions of. these Rules-by an.
employer, the-aforementioned !'eave may be used a.· ·
-- .

basis for the computation of damages (/RR 'of R.A:

No. 8972,. Sec. 20). · . · .. LEAVE.·FOR VICTIMS OF··
~ Credi~lng _of f:?<isting Leave . . 'v10LENcEAGAINST
{'- lf there is 'an ' existJng or -slmilar. benefit under ·a.··. . WOMEN ANil.THEIR
iv company .. -poltcy, or . a· collective. 'bar:gainfng
#, · ~.9reel'T)ent or c:olle~t)~e n·egptla~ioh.,aqreernent th,e . · . . .CHILDREN(R:A. .'
.. No>9262)
.
t-, same shall be credited as such. If· the .same rs ·
;': . -greater'than.-the ?·days provided-for in theAct, the
f. .greater benefit shallprevail.
;. . . .
. . . .. . ·.·Violence· 'A~ainst Women and· Their Childreri
·
refersto any act or a series of acts committed by any
. Emergency or. CO(lti!')gency leave provided under a. persorr against a woman who is his Wife, former wife,.
~-:· compenypollcy ora collective bargainiflg_ aqreernent _,.. ._ or ;agajhst .a woman· with. whom the person has er
·i st:iall_ not b~ credited as compliance with the p·ar~nt~i;;f,jJ had a sexual or al:iting relatlonsblp, or with whom he
5 Ieave provided for under the Act and these ·R!"r~s., z-; )-. has a common child, or against her child whether or
·.. ·. .(JR~ RA. No. 8972, -Sec. 21). . . . . . f c.Y~,'.
j',c!, _su'ffer,ng,, or. ·e~onomic abuse i~cluding threats of
.· .. ·.. · · : ·, . ' . . . .. ,J.1_. . ,. :,.,~~) ~\JCh-ac;:ts, battery, assault, coercion, harassment or·
;;· .· Prohibitlon on Work .o,s~r~mmabon. .. . . ,.z l..,.,::.,r·1:- of 1.!b~rty (R.A leqitimate or
1rf:i'r~~ar,.y,..-,d~P.).~at(on.
l:_ No _-employer _shalJ ?'.scnm1_nate agarn~t J~fl.~J sol~\ •.l'rr.iiie'giu~-at~~1~1)i~?r-wittfout_th~._family_~bode, which
\· pare":!~. employee · with . respect to:"_.t,r,n,_s.,,and~L)l : result in· orli!S~-h~eJy·to result in physical, sexual,
;_ ·. con1:ht1ons .pf employment .on ,acco~f_i!.<Jl. his/h_e(,,.-)l ·-psychologicii!h'arm. No. 9262; Sec. 3(a)).
t' status (R.A. No. 8972, Sec: 7).
. t- . . . .
f
. . ·· ,,_,.,,{·".,.:. ~ /
. .. .
O~her B~.nefits of a Solo P-~rey,,.,.,.... ~ if~
/,::,..--) J-!~c .lt\ ·
. 'f'i. .
/! U
ii·
· . "'· ·. It:~ , : ~e~ye 1¥ne~ t
f \tl
· ,~ . . : · · . : . .
- ·. · ·. ...
.
. .
;. · The-Solo Parents' Welfare Ag(slGGords:~elp.parenf~ ·.·•·t . At_ansr_»J~e ,ij _rln~~fhe i:IPPh~tlon of any ~~otectton
~ . the following·benefits: ~.'-(. ~ ...6!t\ ~...!'-,· [:,J
o_r~e~.1?~~t11.~n?!i/Prosecution and/o:, trial_ of the.
sf. ·. ·1, Flexible Wprk Schedule.:'1:Q~ emol~~er s'n~if -~ .': cnm1nalq;~~?;:.?:...v19tfrn.o_f. VAW_C who 1s ~mplqyed ..
'; · · ... provtde·-for· a flexible. work \efrte«tlledor· sqto ·-1A . s!lall ~e en!1!le~ t~. a __pa\c\ _ lea"'.:e of up ~-o (10) ~en
-,~. . ·. par~nts .. The schedule: stioula..·Qgt, flawever, . · ~j.7~f}'-S·1n add1~1~n to·.qt~er p;=ud le~ves under,!~e Labor
'':'- · affect the individual and company ]J'El~~c'tiyit'{ . ),·•; .•'.~~8E;;il~ .G1v1l_.s_er:11ce-.R~les. ;,md_ ~~gulat,ons ~.nd.
;:. . . . · . . ,' . ·. . . . : '<-t .,(•r-7'"4:.:other.:ex,stmg_ laws ~nd ~mpany p,_ohc1e~; ex~~n~_,bl~-
f No~e:· The ·employer· .may, how~5t!", _rtqigest . whe~ ~he . ~e.p-ess1ty: anses_. __as_--~pec1,fied .. 1.~· }h.~.:
Elxemptior;i from th~ aboje re,quire,u_~oJ~.f(o~ .protection ~rder (!RR of. R.A'. ·92_62'. S~c_. 42),. ..: .. ,
· the.. DO.LE on c.~rt.ainme.r!to'fious g·rourrd,S:''lntlie · · . ·- · ....
cas~ .of ·employees in the government se,:vice.' ·. :··R:~qyireme'rit for.Erititle~e.n·t . , . . . ..
:°flexible working: hoti_rs:,wili .qe -subject Jo the . To:-be· ·entitled to lhe. le.ave benefit, t.he ". ohly ;
.. , ~(scret_ion·of. the hec,i,d'.at the a.ge!'Ji::Y.: In .no ca~e. ·requirement.is fc>r the Victim~tnployee lo present to ·
shall ttie-weakly working tiour_s be reduced ii'! the . her· empl6y~r ·a, :c1;1rtification. trom: .the Punong
. event: the. agency.·adcipts the flexibl_e·working . Barang~y or'kagawa9-or pr.9s.ecut,or or the·c1erk of
.. hours schedule f9rmat (flexi.-fin:ie). In- the_: •. Court, as the:case may be, that an·:action re!atlve·to. ·
· · ..adoption of'tie~i-lime, the ·c.ore working hours . the:m·atter .is pen.ding· (2019 Handbook··oo Worke/s
·.' ihall be P,rescribed taking into consid~rqt[on'the. . .!Yfor:ietr~ 'statutoiy 'I;3enefits,p, 34). . . ·.: . . '·: ..
. needs of the service (/RR" of R'."A.,No. 8$72, 'P.o.rt. · ...;· · ·
V,: Seq. 16).. . . . . :.N:ote: Th~··cartification shail be iS.su'ect at no ~st'to
4•

Jhe·wo,rnan (IR.R b{R.A. 9_26.2;R.ul~VJ,.:s'ec/·42).;

•

·Educati~nal aenefits: • • •

The"DepEd; 'CH.ED-and_· .. ·
1

1:.ESDA s·haJI provide·_sct,o).ar.ship p;rograrn·s in .
· institutions-of basic, tertiary aAd technicc11/skills
. ' . e:oucalion ~md non7formal education programs
app'i:opria.te tor:. solq pa'rents and their children
(!RR' qf R.A. 89'72;-Att. V, Sec. ·2_2). . ·
3. Ho~sing.B~·nefits. E!igible s?'l6'pare,i:,tssh_1;11l be·
· . pr9.vided with· ,liberal-' terms of :payment Qh
government low-co!;,t· housing proje.cts.(/RR of ·
R.A. 8972,: Art. \1,-Sec. _23).· . :
.Fo~· go'v·ernrn~nt.:employee~. in. a'ddition . to" 'th'e' :
aforementioned.,. certification,.·. ~he . employee ..
concerned must'tile aii applica'tion.for leave-citing as
·basis RA. No. 9262 (/RR-of R.A. 9262, -Rufe VJ, Sec.·
'42). . . . . .
.

201~ SAN·BEDA LAW.q:NTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS 313

 SPEC·JAL GROU.PS
. .
SAt(BEDA LAW CENTRA(IZED BAii OPERAT/0~5- MEMORYAID W19
awu •+asasccmse,
fl
'* Leave Benefit
¥4'471FN2f

.
BWNdtli

· Usage ofthe Beneflt . .

The availrnent of the ten (1 O}-day leave' shall be at
the option of the wornah.employee, which shall cover .
the days"'that slie has· to attend to medical arid legal
.concerns. · Leaves- ·. no] · · availed · of are· non-
cumulative and · n.di convertible to· cash (/RR of R.A.
92_62; Rule_ Vl, seo. 42). · · ·
.Juriadictlon : .
·rtie . ·actmin_istrative enforcement, of this _leave ·
:·entitlement shallbe considered withirfth!:i [urlsdlctlon . -v
-of.the R_egional Director :o.f.• the DOLE under Article· .
.. 129 · of the Labor Cod~ of -the Philippines, as .
amended, tor.employees 'iri·t~e private sector; and.
the Civi_l Service" ·Comrr,isslon, for gover.r;irflent . .
employees (JR~ of R.,tt !!262, · Ru}f!" VI,. Sec. 4i). :
. · . . · • · - •.
__ Penalties .·. . . . ·. . . ·· . . .
_The· employee is ·entitled -to two (2) months -leave
with full. p.ay based on her gross . monthly ·
compensation following surgery. due lo·
gynecolo~ica·I disorders (R_.A. No .. 9710, Sec: 18). !- ,
. Note:. Gross monthly compensation .refers to' the:
. monthly basic pay. plus 'mandatory allowance fixed .
by the . ~egional . wage boards (2019 Handbook on '
W(?rker's Monetary Statutory Ben~fl_ts, p:37).. :
· Conditions for Entitlement
The· female employee must meet t_!ie . foll9wi·ng
. . conditions: .
1.. . She has rendered · at . least ·six (6) months
continuous aggregate employment service for,
, the last.12 .months prior to· surgery;·. · · .

· ·. y1ct1m-s~rv1vor ~r any -p.er~on ~or · assi~Jin_~ ~'.I:-.co~· I°.:"

··u .'
. . . 2.~· In . the 'event that an· extended leave · is .
-· The·. e~ployer/ · ~gency head who d7'1.l.7S .. th_e : ·~_,,..,... · necessary, the female employee may use her
_ap~hca.t1~:>n_ for leave, and ~ho shan, wei.u~pp...:s-th~ .:_,,.e~r.oed"leave credits; a-rid . .. .
· i\}t-, ~haJtl:>.~
. · ..
non-cumulatlve and non7conv.e~ible· to
! '
''
-emplcyee wh_o 1~ a. vlc;l1m.~s~rv1~_or_):JA'ae:-~~h:~ ~~t~..;.,,_3-· v cashl(!ftl(f JS."ef R.A. No. 971.0 sec. 21).
shall be held.liable for d1scnm1nat101;fanclwrotai19ricnl
. · .
R.f\ ~O: 92~2 ... · ·
. . ff',{' :-i-
· ~::.~: !i
'¥/'•
.· . · /.- ~~-,......,,.~=-Note_;..~{1(~s1~J9)
--':· '
.,_~
"1·~
--~ , · '
· ·
· . ·.
· .
monJhs COfltin~Qus\1gg~~gate .·
·
Ii
T~e .Provisi.~n. of _the L~~or,{o~~1~nd·.fi_e ·Ci-?,i.l) ~\. '.~ployi:re:in~¥J-Y!£e{or.the l¥1st 1_2 moriths pnor; tq i
. service ,RutE;)~ and Regu{atLelfl.~' sff_@!I govern tl1t? ~
-penalty to·oe imPQsec:I on .th~~qld eg,ploy/r..lage.n,gy.._,t·\J-~nave
head' (.'JRR of RA 9262 Ruli lli~if;ef/d·.421 r,\,.
.snrgery ~m~a~t(t~aJ,.,l~~-woman ~.mplo'yee s~ouid,
b~n w1t~ttl~;cJ>r;ppany for 1~ month~ prior to
tl'ie surg~ry (D. @:jy__g,,, ~ 12-A, Senes of 2012,. Seq.
I
1
. .: . . , . ,. Jr~ y . ,, ,1,1\."':'~ IB ~1fgJf. . ,; . ~J

~ p-- , ~ . , .. . . ·. l
. ·. . . . ·· -. [~~-. ·. ~,· ?.-~-%_~ · 1~- ijt~"4{;··'. . . . . ..... •. i

..
.
SPECIAL
.
· · · .
.
L~· ·
: ·: ~.J
. : ii,
· "ttJ:~FO~~\':";,
}'VOl\f :·N.
.,.... ,.
~.,~--::
¥< •
\.,.. "'; .

'".::~~~ ·. ··.
· ~ , ,. ~_).'; ,. . ,..
I ._:........,__~requ!;!r)p~ f ~ya,lmept
._f:tJ;.
r ~ w~~~r
. · .
pl9':le·~'1¥,h~vail of. the··.speda1· I.eave
>'"'. ~ J{~1-1eJI/ f9r· ev,ery rli~tance· of su·rgery due, to
-~~W.s_b,..l'.igicaJ):lisord.~{for
a maximum total period.of.·
I.
. . . . . : · . (IL.A. N 0~ · :9'~:1o) "'- . · ·.. ·, ~?~?~~p1~,. tns per i~ar. (D. 0. No, 11.2-A, s_eriesof
· · . - . .. . . · ~. . "· . · S IE"~f\<t,1..2)$e . 6). - /J . · . . · ·
· · · · · · · .· ·. ·. ·. , ( · ·. 7r ~·~;:;---L.~;,.,. ,. , · ~·-· ,(?.: · · · · ·. · · · · · · .' ·. ·
· '. M ea~ ing o! Spe~ia·I ~-eave :Benefit .. · ,r't:Wor.te)·· ~~x:;=~~~,:1~~~~1~~i_~n101Cash . ' _. . · ..
Special ~eav~ Benef~t for Wom~n means:,.~0~er:/~1.e. Jv'f./leJ:e);a~Jtde. ·The s~ec1~I _leaye . slJa_l~ be . non- .
employee's leav:~fen,,tlement.of two ·(2)'montils·,.w~ "'. C~JJJat1 ~ and non_-conv~~1bl_eto cash.. .
. f1;1ll _pay· frp1Jl_.11'3r .~mployer"-.ba~ed -011: qe! ~ross. ·: - ":"' . • . · .·.· . . .'· • .-·. ·
111ootlily'·cori:lpE1n·satipn folloW.ing,sllrgerY- cau$ed li>Y. ·. Exc~pt1on.· Unless. o.therw1s~ provided-!n the CBA
. , gy(iecolo_gjcalc:flsorders .(D. 0 .. No. 11_2-A_:$1:1rie~ of . (D: 0 .. No. 112-A, Serie~ of 2012,.__ See. 12). ·: ·
2012• _Sec:.1).i . . '.. . . . . .: ,. . . . ·., . · Special Leave.. B¢~~fit· Vis-A-Vi~ sss: itckness· ·.
·Note:":Gynecological ois.ord~rs.-r.e.fe~·to diso·rci.ers tliat :. ~ene_fit. . ·. · ... . . ·· .. . . . '.
woiJ!ci re(Juir.e surgical" procedures ·swcti as; b1.1t not :The former.is·granted.by the employer in apc~rd~oce
limited to, diletation=· and"·· curettag·e .ana. those with R.A._ No. 9710.. The 1.?tte.r is. given. and.
involving ·female. reprodut:ti:ve. organs s~dh. as tl'le · .edministered· in. :accofdMce ··with R.A.. ·82S2 (D.Q~
··vagina·,· cervix·... uterus, "fallopian· tubes,· ·oVarres.' N_o. 11_2-A, ·s.(~ries·of~012, s_ec. 7), . : . . .
·'·Qreast,: adnexa _and _peivic ·nc;,or, 'as
cer:t!fl~d; by· a :
·Speci.at·· _Lea°\•~ ... Benatif ..Vis~A-Vis ·.. Existing .
compe.t~nt. ·physician.··: It · s1J·a1t . · also. incl.ude. · ·
·hysterectom'y; ovariectomy, and.mast~cton'iy (/RR of St~tutory L.,eaves . · . ·
R.A .. t:Jo: '9710, S,e<;.:!(mjJ.- ·. · · · ... · ·• The. form~ercanno~ be taken fro'm existing -st~tutory
leaves. The benefit is corisidered an addition·to ·the. .
.Coverage.- . · . . . leave ·benefits gran"ted _llnder.".existing laws arid.
·. Any female'.. employee. in the pt,1blic and . private sl)ould· be adde,·d on top of said statutory leave·
.sector; regardless.:of:'ag.e,and civil status, -is entitled· o:
entitle me ht$ (D. No. 112~A•. Series of 2012, Sec.
· to a. spec;:ial le~ve benefit (/RR of R.A.. No. 9"(10, Sec. · 8). . .
21-A).
. . . ~ .. , .·
.
.· . · ·

314 2019 SAN BEDA LAW"CENTRAUZED BAR OPERATIONS

 ·r Sp~·~i~I Leave Ben,afi~ Vis-A-Vis Mat~mity-L.eave
./;'., aene~lts : .. .·.
!'tote: Lactation '.si~t;~~
·(or'. nursery) is .a 'private,
clean r .sarntary, and we,11-ventilated room~ or ar~as
t,,. : 'Wt,ere the woman . employee . had ur:,dergone in the workplace. or'. pu,blic 'places ·where nursin~
f surgery. due to gy('l~colo~i.cal disorder .during her mothers carrwash up.tbreastfeed or express their
};;'; maternity leave; she is emitted only to the difference milk, comto'ttabiy and
'store this afterward (R.A.
??~: between the SLB andrnaternity leave benefit (D.0. 1002$, Sec;, a' (p));.. .
t -No. 112~A, Series of·2.012,.Sec.. 9). ·. ' . .: 'If the women are able to .obtain better ierr:cis and
Yi:tt Crediti.ng
·. ·of: l;:xistlng
· · orSlmllar
.. Benefits· . . conditions .through_.·.negotja.tions 9r
, voldnta(Y. grant.
§'. If there are existing or similar benefits under 8. than what are .Pr'ovided·therein, .. the sameerenot
.g, . companypollcy, .. practice or CSA providing similar or ·. prohibited (/RR of the Labor Cod_e, Book, I/J, RµJe X/J,.
:(· equal benefits to what is mandated by law.jhe same. . Sec._ 12).... . . . ., .
;.:.:. shall" be: considered . a;;; compliance; unless the ART.ICU: 131'::MATiRNiiY'·LEAV,E 13EN°t;F.IT$ · ·
:.t -cornpany policy, . practice or CBA · .. provides
~· otherwise. : . :·. ' . . . '
Maternity leavEt under- .(he~:S·$S,-.l..aW·.(Refef'to:tne-:
discussian · undec MAtE~N(TY:. @:t=f':J.i{frtS.·.:LA:W.
r./: -: · · ·· · · · ($E_G!ION'1i4-A OF''R.A:No'. .1jff1,.'AS AMEf,JDEp ,
\ In· 'case the 'company ·policy, · practice . or CBA 8Y R.A. No .. 7322, FIJRlH~R AME{'lbED BY R.A:
·c. provides lesser benefits'. the cornpany.sfrall grant the No: 8282))... ·. ·... . . I . . . . •

j·,·. ditference. · · · . - . . . . . .
jf'. · · . · . /'-) 'ARTiCLE '132: :FAMl~Y. PLANNl~G SERVlCES;
:-'i< Mote liberal exi$\i~g or similar benefits cannot)~r(~i(,. iN'GENT)VE~· ·. : .; .... · · ' .. · .. · .· ..
', withdrawn o.~ ~edµced .by reaso!') Of the manda}e, .of:.<·.'.'.;\ :Employers who .hat:Jitually- empJoy more than. 200
:t·:. RA 9Z1Q. ", ::· -, -. · . · .. · .. · · '·· .\'f"r. ·::.~~,1; worke;s in i;ll'.IY Jo~ality,''.shall' .provide fr-!=le fl:l".)1ily-
·:;j. . . · . .· · .. · ·. . . . :, 5J I: · / ·: '.L·P.li,frming· .~~rvices ·'id. t.h~ir, em.ployees ·. anq. their.
:f' :.. Note:."'Sini}l~r or equal-.b~l:Jefits" refers to,_:!¢aJ~.'·;'I,1::;:::..5"p'8u~~9P·shali inclup~/but, not·IJ!Tiited tc\the
· ·b'enefits wh1c.h are of the.same nature -~n:!,1Jarpo$e;.-,H applicatior.i. s(c}u.se·of.contra_c~.pi1ve...pills· c;1nd ·.intra-
. as. that of. the St!3"(D.
. 0.
. . No. 11_2-A, 9·e(nes
\' . f of 201 ?,,c,\.-.J•t
'v-t · uterine
. ·de.~·ctf,,~\.
.. (!RR ·9f'the• Labor . Code,. .Book /II,
Sec.10) .. · ·. . _ · .... : · · ·. )}...,{'-:.:.~ j ·ir:l' _Rule-Xll,.rc11 :t · ·~:·_:. · :· ,\'. : . ·.,-<_: . ·. ·
. ., .. · , . . . ~,5,>·. ·. <'rpcs· · ~.;~- ARi-1c!:al1~f 6t~cR·1_1v11."'A:r19.N.·_~R·?~.,~,!~c.
: c:;·,~ ': -; 1~:.
~' . .
· _
·. ·. . .SPECIAL GRO;f'TP-SJ0:l\
.. : . :
· . : · .. ·· . ;..~"'il

. "'(;:""'~. i?',)
~i< .
.v.t;'J f.d
t~\
rt ~~~l?i~!!!~.:V!~!~~a~_Y'empl~y~r.to d1.scnf"!"ll")ate ·
aga1ns.t,aAyi:'WQ17i'~,!)~¢.mploye·e w1t1;1-respect.t~·.terms.. .'
a_nd cori'ai_'til:icis..~of'-emplo'ynl'eht.:rolely:on account .of
-r. · · ElM?-LOYE~~:;~r:,(\ . j! ; .. r:vt .her<sel!(, (LAB.OR:.C?~~~.Ar\ 1,?3). · . , . . .
t··· . ·>: . . . ·:: . . . . . CONDITIONS
.,; · ·.· ' . :-'0.':'°$PEC!A~.--::t'~.{
: f\~ · ..) ::/'. . -· J~,)~A~fSl"O. fDlscriiiiin'iitiori
: against Wci°men: :'(P.WC-
f · TITL.E lll; WORKIN~ ..il.(;'jM~°1~") · . ,: : · .... , .'. . '. . ·. ·> · . . . .
,:,:. 'G~0UP.S OF'E.Me1.:oy~~s. .·.-: .}';, .. i)ef . :· 1 .. oiscrlminatic:m'. io ·.e:ar .- · paym~r:rt '.of le~ser .:.
1;'" . . .. , . '. . ... ., ..· . '. .. . • •. "',\;>,/\ .
cornpens.ation,_to a·fe.fl'1?!e. ~1Tfplox1:e _as- ~~~tnst. .
. ·CHAP.TERI: EM~.LqYMl;::!',J,T:OF.-WC?MEN.,,.~ . a nial~ eul'plo.yei3'.for. w~r.!< ~ equ.a!.. v~l~e;.
· ..
;~ ·. - .. ·· · · . . .. .2., Discriqiination.'ii'! Wor.k ·o'pp.ortl)nity.-. favqririg a. ·
r.: · ARTICLI:' 1·30:. FACILITIES FOR. WO IVIEN: . · male :empl,oyet;i.. ov~r a 'fem~l.e;;eiJ)Ploy.~E!,. VJi.th.
• · .. Tlie··secretary of Labormay :req.uir.e employers to:· .· .respect' ,tp pror:riqtiofl,'.. as~gf.l,:O!:!nt,.:.tr~.risfer;_..· ·
(STAN) : ' . . . .. tl'c!ining OPP,O,q.UAitie:s •. : S,u~y :·.ai;id .. scrolarship .
..,-: ·1· .... provide .§~c'!1S p~ope~:for .women·.}_nd _per~rt:· grants.solely'pt:i accm.i.n~of.their se)(e~ ..{LAl;!QR
·~, · · ·...them tci use the·seats when .they are free from. ·.. CODE, Art.13;3);· .. ~ · . · · .
- ·... work' br during offfoe 'hours .·proyided- the 'quality : : . 3: . A.ny _.
§en~er-bcised.· dis!inction:, :' exclusion, 'or :
. · of the work ·will not be. COl1)P.r.<'>m,ised;· .. · :· ., ·: . · ' restriction which. has the effect or purpase of
2.: ·~stablish Separate Joilet topms. and. l.avatw1es .. .irf)pairlng ' or· rJUllif'yihg. the: · reco.9.nition;.
· , for men and· women . anp .provide· ~t least a . enjoyment, or .exereis¢ by womel'),:Jrre~pective ..
. dress'ing rool")1 forwomen; ... ·. . ·,. . ... . of their marital 'status. on ·a basis .of equality of
.3_. -.,Dete.rmlne·:appropri~tia::riJinlmum ~ge ~nd other.. ··m~n .and . w.omen, of ...human rights= and
· · standards for' retirement or term inati<:m in ~pe,cial · . fundamental freedoms ·in th~ pojitjca1; economic,
oqcupations such. as. tho.~e. of. )li~ht' ~ttend.a~~s "' social: cultural. civil· o.r any ot):ier. fi,eld;: . . . ..
·.. .iind th._e like; aod · .' . ·. .· . 4. Any ~ct or omission, if1cluding. by law, P91.icy, :
·A. Establil;ih .a:<Nur.s~ry in the establishment . .. administrative rn.easure,.or.practice,'that directly· ..
· (LABOR CODEz, Art 130). 'or indirectly excludes. or restricts· .v,,omen· in the
recognition. ano ·promotlo·n,qf their' rights arid
ttieir acc~ss to and ·ei:iJoyrnent of opportunities;
. benefits or privil.eg_~.s; . ·

.. ·2019 SAN B~DA LAW CENTRALi4ED BAROPERA1-IONS. I 315

·~' . . ·,
,,,
 II .
SP:-Ec·1AL. GROUP·S-.
SAN _BEE>A LAW CENTRAflZED EWf.OPERATl~.NS
--11£:MORY AID 2019'
• aaaw WW MU Pila&·; IS SAi¥ I

5:. A Measure or practice of general application that · Bon·a . Fide Occupational Qualification Rule
fails to provide-· .for mechanisms to offset or (BF0Q) . . . . . .
· address sex or gender-b~sed ·disadvantages or ·. If it,e . employer can prove that the reasonable
limitations of women. as a result of.which women dem~i°nd.sof t!'le bu~iness requi~e a distinc~iori baseq
are denied or restricted in the 'i:ecognition and ·on·marital status·and there ls no better availabh:1 or
· protection of their rights an_d. .ifl 11:ieir. ~ccess to acceptable policy Which woulc;t better ac~orriplist, the
and. ·:enjoyment of opportunities; benefits, or bi.Jsjness pwpose (Star Paper Corp~ v. Simbol, G.R.
. privileg·es; or -WOm(;lrr,· more 'than. r:n.en, are·. No. 164774,.April 12._2()06). ' ·
shown .to have .. suffered Hie. greater adve.rse
effects'of t1:i·ose measu_res or practices; and · · . : Requtsltes of.BFOQ . .
6,° Discrimination .£ompounded by or intersectin'g_.· To justify abona fide occupational qualiflcetton; the
with' other grounds,· status. or pondition'. such···crs employer must provetwo factors: .: . . ..... ' ' .
ethnicity; age, poverty'Or religion (R.A'.No. 9710,..- . ·1. · · .That the '.eniployrri~nt qualiflcation is reasonably. .
. . -Sec:4(b)) - .. , '. . . · related to· the essential operation 'of the job
lnvolved: and. · . . · · · · . · · . . .
.' .. :Weight Standard~ of Airline Companies . 2: -Thatthere is a-factual basts for believlnq .that ail
An 'employee may be dismissed the moment he is·. or substanttally . all persons :i;neeting the
unable. to comply with his ideal weight as prescrlbed: . ----·qualjfioatio,:i. _yvciuld .. be . unable to properly
by the. weight. standards since this 'serve·s 9S .-.,,~~~~-pertorin the duties ot the job (Star Paper Corp.
· continuing qualiflcation for .his position. ~pjlu~'fo.1f T }:;. ~-~~iJ!!.bol,G.R. No. 164774, April 12, ?006). _
meet this qualifying standard is a gro~(nha,'t:3:f5=11ls \.__.,.. t 'i.l }'..; ;;.'~, · -· - .- ·. . · . .
under Art. 282 (now Art, .2f!7), par.1Efettl'rf;! J::'~~f.:.:-=::':::::.-.:8~TJ~Lli 1)S!'-~ROHIBITEP·ACTS ·.
Code (Yr?suegui v. Philippine·Afrf{f!ep;/n~~$.,ff.'1ifo.. . -f~\ · P-rb~fiia;,_i~,tf Against · vyomen Worker.s:
168081, October 17, 2008). J'.: -~, v'A==]~==(~m-1:!~l~{,; .. \. . . '. · . .
· . f .~/")~> J - · '!!."\) 1(. "'M' To a1s~,a_rnf~"¥woman employed by him for
·4Jlt
Qualifying standards are riofms'1h,a,t,app1/prior to .
and.'after_ an employee is hi·r;~~:Tlr~f app_ll'prior to ;r-\f .. ·:· .al ·the \urpMel""'of ..!:!~eventing such woman from
empfpyment because these ;~rfjt:Tef(~tandatcls'1:ljo6....e."F.¥; -oo-r1E1fits.pro\ic{&d~~-derthe Code;
enJoWng t~,~~~rr.i_ity.le~ve,facilities and other
· _-
.. applicant - must· initially_-. nl': E;?"Eib_~~ · orq.e\ to-1;1Je-_..r J1~L~~1"o 1~ch$r~lf~"w'qMatie~ploye!:l on acco~nt ?f
hired . .Th«::Y apply after hirin · be.p.a~se an e ploY.~:e.m.fa-fuw'll'~·her ,,e..,!;~gn_aJlCY1-~Qr . wh 1_le. on leave · or m.
:"lu~t continue to mee! t~e.s sfara1(l~rd~w. on·tne :=:_ -~ · _ c~~1!'~wen~~.ue~bJier:pregnancy; . :

~!~-
Job in order to keep-his Job (.\Yt;?stip~w \?. p~net!t!f. · ,~ T;rD~.O.Yan:{woma,ei the benefits of employment
Airlines, tnc., G.R. No, 16808.;J\.,bctober 1·,. .,.·"~!@8)."e ~~· ir'.;,~l;ler~t~tu_to)f.,}b?nefits ~ndet ~tJe law~ by.
. .· . · \ . --~. ·. IJ'·~·<.: . _an _o~~e~ ~e~f.age, eth_rnc_ong·in or bel~e!s,
. ARTICLE
MARRIAGE . ,·
134: . · STIPUL~TIO~\~ AG~~-
.. ~---
.r,~ .,~-x.o reJat~<1ns;.e1_tl;),~r by affinity or consanguinity
~ · . ~'(y~~?-(\j>i.,(lA?¢'R(?ODEff\rt. 135); . · · . .
It shall be unlawful for an en;ipJoy}r,·{Cose,~ .. ~-::lYdis'c.t)arg~or.refuse ·the admis.sion ·of ~-
1. T_o ,:equi~e as a Con~ition fo~pJ~iii)~r"'~~.,..,,lt(<:l~!)~f?.O!,! returning'to her'work for.fear.that
· contmuat,on of. employment -that~a w.Jtan_ n..·1·fi!S·stJ.~·:f'!)~-fb~pregnant;. . .. ·. . .
. · emP,loyee ~hall not g~t r:rfarried;' · · . ~~- lV !.5:_~"'dischargeany ~oman ot child or ~r1y other
2;_ .. To .§tipulate ei.<pressly;or tacitly1h_atuP.on-g_etting""'~~-·employ.ee fo.r having_filed a complaint o~ having
married· a · wo.man !':}m p_loyee _s!,all. be: dee-meq · ·· . . . . · testified -or l:ieing'.a boufto-testify µnaer the Code; ..
·resigned or_sepa"rated; and. . .. . . . . . . _.·. . and. .·... : . •. . . . ' ... : ·.. . ' .. .·.
· 3.- · To .Jicfually dismis·s. ·discharge, -discriminate or . 6. · To J3eq'uire- as a condition for a contin~ation of
otherwise p_rejudice a womarr employee-mi:lrely . . . . .. employi'rlent that a. woman emJ::iloyee ,.shall 80t
by ..reason·.of her ·marriage~ (LABOR CObE; 'Art. • . . get miirried -or··to .stipulate· that ··upon gettfr1g·.
13'4). · ·. . . . . . . marr.ied, · she sbali. be· deemed .-resigned .or
separated (JRRof the t.ABOR CODE, Book Ill,
No~Spouse 'EmplQymen~P·olicy·.. · : : . : .. . : Ru1e XII, ~ec: f3J .. ' -~ : . ·. . .
0 .
. ·j :_ . ~olicy bai)nrri'g ~>nly spo1,1ses. from: wbr_king in the
. .- .. same c·ompany.· . . . .. .
2. May not facially violpte _Article 136'.of the babo·r:
·.. . . 'Note: The.. e~ployee"/iaifure;o forrri~1iy: into;m:: fie; .
, empipyer-of her pregni;in¢y Carinot be cons.idered_as .
· Code but it ere.ates·a disproportionc:1te effe~t and . grav.e m_isCOr)dU<:;t <:Jirectly connected fo. 1-Jer Work as
the or:ily way it co.Lild .pass ]uditlaf scrutinyds · a . to const.it1,1te- jul?t cause .of .her· s~paration (l.:.akpue
·showing ·that it is . reasQnable . d~spite- ·u:ie · .. Drug~"lnc.·:v .. Befga; G.R. No. 16$:J79;_ October 20,-
discriminatory · albeit _ disprop_ortionate . effect ·2065) ....
·. (Star Paper Cqrp. v. Simbol, G.R. No_. 16477.4,
April f2,,2006). . . ·

. '

-3 J ~ · J 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRAUZED BAR OPERATJONS

 SPECIAL GRO-LJ
SAfJ BEDA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIPNS- MEMORYAID 20/9
p·s
'
ARTICLE 136: CLASSIFICATION. OF CERTAIN 3. . W,hen a Measwe or practice of general
WOMEN WORKERS : .. , application fails to provide ·for meehantsms to
Any· woman who is permitted·to work or suffered to offset or . address sex · or gel')de·r-bas!=3d ·
y,,ork, with or without compensation, in . any night. disadvantages or. limitation's of wom.en, . or ·
club, _coektail·lounge, -massaqe clinic, bar-or .similar women, more than· meh, are shown- to nave.
· establishment, 'under -. the effec.tive.· control or · suffered the greafer adverse effects of_ those
.supervlsion of the employer for a-substantial period · · measures or practices; and . .
of time. as determined by the· Secretary'of ·Labor,··. · 4. Discrimination Intersecting witti' or compounded
shall be- considered . as an . employee of such · by other grounds, status, or, conditlon, such as
astabllshment for · purposes of labor . and . soclal ·.. ethnicity. ag\3, poverty, or religion (R.A' 9710,
legisl;3tion (LABOR,CODE, Art. 13(;).:. ·.·· .. ·. Sec.'.4(b)): -
Definition of Terms . . . .,
Marginalized tefeFS -to· th·e basic, disadvantaqedcr'
vulnerable' persons or _groups, Who are m9st)y livjrig
in poverty and have .l!ttle or no.access \P land and:
.. ' other resources, ·basic·social and economic services· '
.·. · M.agna ·carta of Women.· is- a comprehensive 'such as health care, education.water and sanitation, .
?~- .wornen's human rig!lts .law that seeks to e,llminate -. ·_eniJ?lc>yment_.:and liveli~ood_ opp_ortuni~i~s. _f:lo~sirig, · ·
·· ·. discrlmlnation against _.women _by recognizing, . · ~ fOc~al :_ security, physical infrastructure, and t~e.
. p~~t~ctlng,·_ fulfillirig an~ pro~otin~. the ri~hts.pp_~!{ · Justice system (R.A No. 9710, _Sec. 4(d)). :
-Flliplno w_omeri.,. especially those ~.n_ marg11Jalj~~<t,_,.. ~:~\ Ttiese in~luc!e, but are not limited to, women i~ the
sector (Q & A,-Magna Carta of Women, PSA Ge~KJ@.f ·1 ·:·:. , ·following sectors and groups: (WWW-MYMUSSIG·
Sensitivities). ·
·
· · ·
· ·
· ·.
.
/''H '':°'
. .
\i
./,'' 1'·ii~:;"',
;;LF.o~
~ •'· ;,._.,..____
. ~~J\
~ · . ·
· .. ··
· ·• • -.. 2 ~ . •. • "\i!Itt1_-:_1-:-'4S_f:@~ffir'(Tiersand Rural Worke"rs;
·.;;f,/ · ·
Polley of the State. (D~ .PA_) . ·.,.4.-?. . . ,(\ 1' .2: Worker~'!,~the.Formal Economy;_
1. _Q.evelop pla~s,._,Pohc1es, prog~a~s,~me.asure~;·;-..;-J 3. · _WorkerJ'l'.f~the l)'lformc1I Economy;
. and mechanism~. to address .d1scr,lr~Jrit1on a~ ~'> . 4 ·. Migrar:rt-~o'rkers· . . : .
·lnequalitr in the ~conornic, PO.!~i5~~. s~.;9.€'if-~hd ~-sl.
. cultural tife.ofwomen-and roeJn~. ~'"'~
s:
Yoi:ittl. ~ \' ' · · .. ,
,. · ~.1\, 6 'Mor:'<'. ·ii - t..
.
-
: '

2. gn~u_re·the su_bstantive ego~ty Q~w9r:nen- ~ti~~ 7 .. ·1~; · urt1f~ eJbr- \_ · l

f~lf.·~;,:·. a: .
I
I
... m~n;_ . · , · : · ~- --~..!-~ · .~S : se"ntirG1tit;;;:-!i}P ·.
3.. !;nsuce equal· access _to {~~o~;-~~if,aq_~"j~. 9.· _§olrf'af~ntsf~·. . .. · I-
, d~velopment r.e_sults an.1.Clutco~~jf V\_ t,' ·. '-. 10. Indigenous Peoples;, . !
4. ~romote empo~~erm.en~of -wo~_an~;,pursue ·. :,-;.~fu~ildren;. . . . ·. . . .., .
equ;3I o~portu~1ties for w~meri,, j___;,,,,.p. · -<~~:.,,/''1if~~-u,sh~."!.5>lk; and · . : .
,; . -5. ~~rm th~ role ofwom.en.1r nat1on-,a;111dm~:1-(0F--·---~13-:-'tSis~oled person (/RR of R.A. No. 97.10,. Sec.
,,.,..· 6. -Abolish· ttie · u·nequal structural? ~d -prrftices · · l(o)) . · . · · · ·
l. . that _pe~petl,Jate 'dis?rim1nation an'~~~lities . .. . . . . .
(: (R:A {Vo: 9710,.Sec.·2):, ·. . . W9me~: -E°~p~wernJ&nt . /~roviae~' . provision.
f:2. Principle~·of Human R\ghts ·of Women (UP)
. . Human rights are: .· .· .
·. !:~\~~~'.ty~n::!se~~~~!i~~~\u~fa/ii:~u~g~;~
. . ·.
.
«:?nab le. y.,o_men to. ~ctively-participate. arid cor:iJribute · .
'If' ' 1. · Universai arid inalie.nable; ·. . . . , ·· . , to- the·· poljtical,- ~coil.omicJ social,.· ·and. cultural
i'. · 2. !odivisible; . : · · :· . · , ' pevelopment.'of the nation as well -as ·those- which ·
3. !hheren.t to the dignity ot,.eve'ry human :beirig: ·. ·. shan provide them·
equal acce.ss. Jo ownership,.
and : . . .. . . , . . ·management, and · control_ of production; and of ·
'!nte"rdependerit.and int~rrel!3ted (R.A.No. 971 (), . material:anc! infortnation~I resourc.es-ani:fbenefits·in··
Sec:3). . • . .. Jhe fami!y; comm.unity,.arid socie.ty (R.A No. 9710, ·.
, •. ,' ' . · · sec: 4(a)). . . . '. . . . .
Dis.·cri,minati-on ilgalnst_ Wom~n~ (G.AMJ). · · .. .. . . . . . . .
· 1. Any . §ender-bas'ed· distinction;. l3Xclusion., or .... .Substantive : Equality.· is . tiie . full - ·and·. equal
· .. _.. f'.0$triction wf:lich impairs.the e'xerc.lse by-women · -enjoymentof r:ights· and freedorns.dt enc;;ompasses ·
' . ' of hl:!m'an rights and fundamental freede>ms; .aejare arid· _d9 fa.~to 'equalhy .a~d also· equality·.in.
-2. Ani.tict· or .omission, ·inclu9ing by law, poli~y. outcomes _(R.A. No. 971.0; Sec. 4(e)). · · ·
. .. ..
. adminis.tr:ative measure, or practice, that directly- Gender···Equality is·. the' . princlple. a~sE1rting ·:~hr_·.··
. ' -or indirectly excfu'des or restricts women in th~ . ' ', equality of men and women and their right to, 0;~0r;-.'.'
recognition ari'd ··proinotioi:i. of their rights a'nd . · eq'ual conditions. and contri~l,lting to and t;>el'l.e ~~~,i-__j;
: their _a'cce_ss to .and enjoY,ment of ·oppor:tun'ities, . from the results ofdevelopment (R.A: No'. 9_710,_ .·i:/.}'~i.;
benefits, ·or _privile_g_es; ..
4(~)- . ,, ' . ':-~~f!Jr.~ '.i

0 8AR
2019 SAN BED~LA~ fENTRALIZED OP~R.ATIO.;
 s·PECIAL GRQ.U.'PS
.. SAf!I BED/i LAW CENTRAOZEDUAR OPERATIONS- "1EMOR,YAID 20.19.
- ..

Gender Equity .·fnclud~s polldes,. instruments, . . National°· Commission on the Role of F°ilipino
· programs, services, and actions that address .tne .. Wo_men (NCRFW),. r~named. as · the Philippine
disadvantaged position of women in society by. . 'Commission on Women·· (P.CW), is th~ primary
providing prererentlal' treatment and affirmative. policy-making and coordinating body of. the _women
· . action (R..A. Na. _9710, Sec .. 4(g))... · · · and gender equality concerns under.the Office of the
. Pr~sident. Ttie POW shail'be"the overall monitoring
Gend~r aild···oev~iopment (GAD) refers. to th~ : body arid oversiqhtto ensure theimplernentatlcn of
development perspective -~~JI. process _th~t · is .. · theMaqnaCarta forWomen (R.A.-.No: 9710, See.
'participatory and empowerinq, . equltable, · 38): · · ·
sustalnable, free from violence, respectful .of human ·: .. . . . ..
rights, . and · supportive. of. self-determination and . · ... Human ,Rights of Women .. ; . . . · . . · . ·. · ,.
· aclualization ·of human potentials (/RR of R.A. No. . All r.ights in the Constitution and under lnternatlonal ., .
971p, S~c. 7(h)).. : . ·. ' · ·. · · inS:~~u.~ents.. _d\JIY .. _signed.: and '_rat!fied by ·. t~e.
· ; · · · · · ·· . ·. Philippines (R.A. N_o, 9710, Sec. 8)... . .:
G"ender: Mairiiitreaming ts a strategy .fo.r making .,.
. . women's . as . well ·. as men'a.. conce_m~ :and EconoiTli~ R.ig':lts: .(Si-:{El..f=~W},· .,._ , . , .
· · · · · ~xper!e-!lces an· integral dlrnension of .the.·d~sigr:i. . 1.·. ·Social Protection (R.A. No. 9710, -Sec. 27);
· . im~l~m¢n"t.:,ition, ·. mo_~i~onng;· _a_~d .-.evaluaJi?n . of . 2.· Righi. 10 · t.ocatlzed, .Accesslble, Secure· _and .
societal .spberes so that women and. men.J.1-~efif' 17 J.
equ~!y; :and· _-inequality is· not perpetu;..~~ea:f~,:'A. \l
1·. .
. polt?1es and pr.ogram_s rn ail polltlcal, econorruc•. and ,...,.;._;"---=~"=-· AffordableJ:!ousing (R.A. No:.9710, Sec. 21);: _ .
:'Rigbt to Education and .. Training for Migrant
\J~MJrk)):~R.A:No. 9-710, Sec. ·.24); . . . ..
. ~'.10, $~c. 4(i)}. : .
·· .. ·· · · f
...
t
j/.<~-r.:;,.,-:::===4-"'- :
. ·.
:1;;..11- . , ./. ..,rth t ·
~~h~ J.o~ivelih~qd, .Credit,· ca.pitaJ ·. ·and
"f~cJ-friolqg.'y.]R.A. No. 97-10, Sec. 23), .
. Affirmative ~ct_ion re ers .o-. ~l.1>.~t~Y.1aGJton ..,.,.;..-~'&.--......J:oo'c!:.seBtirii~eind
.. favors marg1nal1zed . groups , 11y ei?C'E}~~! .;t: ·
sr.oli:as · .
Productive Resources. {R.A.
w· ~0~,gjf{( S.~2fV:.. · ·. . . · · · . . . . J
. w~me:n.: . ·· , . , /-: "f~f · j ... k-D) ·. Ai~ }~ RigtV, td ll.~G~n: W~rk _(R.A. No. 9710, ~ec. 22).
· Note: It is -a special measure~/~~ it i$li1o.t cq~~~9 ,.,- . t · .. \ <_l('f~ · . · ·1
· discriminatory since · it · ail'.n~;:to1~cc~l1f~te..J.t\.~ F?!~tical'f~i:1•.~ 111;1aJIBr:11l(PR)· · · - . I.
attainn,~rit"·,o~ ·equality _of_"iorii'el;i Th'e -~Vir~'at~e ·. c;_,1~r?trct1on_ frp~ 301i9.nce (f::'.~: No._ 9!10, Sec'.
action must be discqntinuect ~.l;J,n~he ob ~tives, :. . ,. ::..vJJq. 1,3 9), .f., ...... ·
, eqt.Jal(.ty." of opport~nity }mci t'f:e·atf\:ien(i,.
-1· t,,--= ~ 11,;. • ·
}\..._)?e:e_r11-. .., 2._ · P~!&1P~tlon1,~nq: k.!Sepresen~~t1~n. _(R.f*. No.
- · • _..
i
achieved (IRR.'?f R.A. Nb. 9l1P,~'$Jl "?{: ff'}.\!,,;·_.:- 1£{. ' .J.;.f~
. . \"""°' ,, qt",--·@;~- c~~/~7
9/lf~ec. · . .;
-P)~J/:
· 1¥ ·,
:. ..
•.
· . . . _: i
I

.. Tempor.ary Special Measure~·var_ie.t\ of le~i8 t~~A~ i' -~~o'oJ,.a}l~~g~IJU~nts;,~P4TA-S3.HI)... .· !·

~x~utive,. ··admi_r1isqatiye, ••·· an'd \ re_gil~~,~~~6tecjJ9.n.JrpJ'f!~trol~n.ce (R.A. -No_. 9710,:Sec._-
instaj.men~s. ·polici!')S, and p ctices ~c![l'.lf:JQ.._~~,~);/.._· .-·j . .· . . · · . :
atcel~r.ati~g. this· de fac_to·· _eq!-Ja ity _ofj>'.6mi~ir-i"'-:--d~~~c,e\~9. t)~v~lo_pme_nt. (R.A. ':"o. 9710, Sec.
specific areas. · · : -~ ·-~(9A ~=-~9("'\,")·,..:1;1'- · · :· · ·· · · · .·. · · ·
· ·. · ·· · · ·.. :··,lt-· ·VI -~ If foi~dtepJiori.of..Girl--:fhifdr~n- against all_forms of
Note': The .-me~sures ."shall be·. abolisr:i'ed,•.,.Q'n9e -1_-V'.L, <:.: J;!iseriminatjon .·· iQ. Eduocjtion, Heafth and.
~ egualitY is achi"eved· (!RR· of _R.A. No. · 971 O,~c!:"-'"""""~"""""N.utr1~i6n,· and Skills· · DE!velopm_imt .(R.A. · No...
7(v)).· · .. · · · .. .. 9710;-Sec:·JZ);·. . . .... -:.-. · :.. . . .
. . ' ' • · · . ·4 .. Erotection of Women_.Sen_lor Citizens.. (R.A. No:
: Wo~en'_in.·the Military; .Pol_ice.. ?nd ()th~r Slmlla·r·." · 9710,'Sec. 33}; ·· ... ,. . ·. ·
$~rv.ice~-refersJo:wom~n. · ernpl.oyed_ in. the milit?lry, . 5. Equal"!reat_mentbefate the Law.(R.A. No 971 O,
b9th in·t11e·rnajor anq·te~hnic~v~·ervices .• who_are .. ·· -. ·Sec .. 12);: ._..:. :" _'.. :· : .. : . .. : .. · .
· . ·.perfor(TliJJg, ce>mbat ~ind/or . i:ion,co.rnbal_ functf~ns, 6. Equal ,8eces~-and Elimination of Discriminc;itiori
.1· prov_i~ii1g· security to t!=Je _State, .ar:id protecting tt)e . · -· in Educatibn, $cholarsh!ps and. Training. (R.A.
· ._pebple from va·rious forms of th_r,eat:,"lt also Jn9ludes · No>97.1o;_ sec. 13); , · ·, ·
. : wom~n. ti.aiiiees i1fall military tr.aining in$titµtlo_ns.· 7.. ~pecial _leave Benefits (R.A_."No: f.")110, Sec .
of
. · . _(JR.R Fj.°A.: No. 9-7-10,. Sec.: 7(~)).. .. •. -:. . 18)\· · . .· . · · · ·. ·, .. ·
.·. · · VVo~"e'n.. 1~ .t;s"p.eci·.illy -·:Oiffi.~ult. Circ'lim~t"ances' a.' "§02~1 Protectiqn (RA .. No .. 9710;_ $ec.. 27);
. . (WEDC) .. are "\iictjms · and· s1,.1rvivqrs of sexual ~met . 9 .. Right to'.§el'vices an_d· Jntervent!on.s fo(:VV~men ·
.• · ·. ·: pfiysical ab"usel". illegal. recl'l!ilmen"t. . pros~iulio"n, .. ·.. in ·Especially Pifficult Circumstances or WEDC
· . trafficking, ..armed· ~oiiflict, womerj in detention; . (R.A No. 9710,-Sec. 31),, · . •
victims and survivors.of ~pe and' incest, and ·such 1.0:: Right to.!:!.ealth·°{R.A No. .9.°710, Sec:. -17); and
. other>. related·· circ.umstances. Which . hc;!VE! 1 1. Righfto lnfoir'ria~ion (RA- No .. 971o, Sec. 26t
. "incapacit~led·them fun_ctionally (f:?.A. No. 9710, Sec.
33) ..
. ....

.3113. I 2019 SAN BEDA L.AW CENTRALIZED E:3AR QPERATIONS:

 ": ... r:
.... ..
\.
. ........ ': •.··

. S~Ec.·1AL·GR-OOPS· ,· -. -
SAN 8£0~ "I.AW CENTRAL(ZE.DBAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY i4JD 2019.

'ii
}.:Rights of Women in the Marginallzed·Sect~rs: 1. . Women in Development and Nation Buildinq Act
tt (C.R) .
J: . Aft ·civil,
. ·
· political, social, and economic rights
. (R.A No. 1192); · . .
2. · ~pecial. Protection of. Children Against Child
·• recognized, prornoted.iand protected under' existinq · Abuse, Exploitation and Dlscrirnination Act"(R.A.
1aws.are.nereby_.gu_aranteed ir)Cl~din9 the rights to: ·. No. 7610); . .
1: Recognition and preservation ot,_g_ultural identity . 3. . Aflti-Sei<ual- Harassment.Act 'of 1.99·5 (R.A No.
and integrlty _not discslmlnatory ·to women (R.A. .. 7877); -· . . . . .
No. 9710, Sec. 28); and · .. . · 4. Anti-Rape Law of 199-7 (R.A. No. 8353);
2. _Bepre-ser\ta!ion and .. participation ·in·· policy- 5. Rape Victim As:slstance and Protection Act of
. . · making. or decislon-makinq bodies (R.A. No. .. 199B.(R:A.'No . .Bp05); · . .
·. · 97_10, s'ec. 25). . · ·. · · · · 6. ·. Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 (R.A. No.
9208); and · · ·
coverage · 7. Apt_i-Viole()cef.,:Agains_t ·.:worrien- and . Their·
- Implementation of the rl;Jles: -~nd. regulatipns .Ctiildre~ 'Acfof 2004 (n»: No .. 9262)(R.A: -No.
includes: · . . . . . . , ·-97UJ_;-Seo. 4_1); • · · ·
1 .. All concerned National" Government Agencies ·
.· :::(NGAs),. Bodies, Instrumentalities, .lncludinq ' : If_ violeh:c~ has 'been proven \o be perpefratedby
. . ·GO.CCs.; . . . , agents· of the State including; but not limited to,
,2.· -Private Ehtities (PE); · ·. . . extrajudicial killinqs, enforced disappearances,
-3 ... Local gqvernmeht' units (LGUs); · · · . ,.. ...-.;;,· . torture, .>and internal displacements, such shall be .·,l".l
4. · Private and state .Urilversitles . and · Colreg"M:',::;~?. considered aggravating offenses with corresponding
. (S-U~s), al'fd_~rN~te and p~blfcScho?ls; anf~;,f~/~\. penalties d_ependi~g on the severity·of·the off(:!nses_
m
(: · 5. Equ11(alern.~n1t_s Autonomous Region: (~6),..-::'.i!';~j
(lfi.R ?,fR.A. No. 9710, S~c. 42(5))._ · . .
":
i~·.
. (!RR ot R.A. No. 9710, Sec. 4),.
. .... . ~ · .
~l l~H'~:· ~·r.;::-~~- . ~,.,_ ·
~ ff 0;~ .} • •••
. ,·.
,.at.,16• ~
·
... · C;,t:... _\ . "\ _
t. ·Primary [;)uty .of the .~t._it~ ih Rel~tl~!J.:)J,;'1%man~f(r-. "-~~/~. . · · .: . . ·
;.~. Rights of Women: · . ·. · ('T _ 0• !.W, . ANTij,;w:~xuA:i ~ARASSMENT
I.

i!.
)-~··!:!).
}·· Tt1e-~tate'. as .the pr_im_~l)'.-_du~y-Qear~r.{*-.!1a!f::
i-: ·
~, . ,
1._. -~-efra_!n.tt.of"!'! .d~s~rrn11-':ratm9)aga1.r..§t·
. violating their rights;. . ·.
vi.?lPe.fi:a~_d.
,<-7:' . ·v-~ · -~
t;. /~~,·~ : .. . _· ~ Mcli--'(R..A~ No. 78-7.7)
'ff . fi. . " · ·
'~k'. . \j: \ ..
· .. .
.' .
I
,•. ·, 2:· Protect.women.against tj1~.<.Q.f1110a~,g_?,-apdfrop-;r~. !:'"' Oeclar ....!.~.J?f.Pol1_c_y. . . · · .,
~-:_.. . · · viol_a_t~on ,of ~e~r _rights bY~privat.e:c_grp.'QratlQ.@.~{·. i,,~-~ . T~.e
. . :entit,es ancj_md1_v1duqlS; anc!,,; t~i,~. · cl!i~.~ : .. r~-··I
t~~·:.~u~,,~:<,.94!;:M. .
1. 'Value-.:tl:lli.:.Q1grnty ot·every md1V1dual; . . . .
. .. ..
,~. · .. 3. Promot~ and 'fulfil the righ~o{::..,-4.'om;e~ ·i.n ~Ii ·._- 1\1 . 2.- ·.. Upholg the· QJg_nity_ of workers, emplqyees,
:} spheres,· il')qhJ'ding· their··rights;\t9 · sti~tariti~e p:7¥-...:···i~pplicantsfor emp!oyll)ent: _students:_or 'those
't}. . · equality ~nd non,<1isci'ii')'lination ·(~:4--t'J.o{ g:f!,0.~~~':''t::"~~:~\-gr:t~d~~!-9~i~~ t~fr:iirig, i_nstruction or'e~ucati"on. ·
\ · . : · Sec: 5)-, . .· · ·. · ·. .. . , ·.. 1:(. . . faf},-,.-·..-,~L_~:...'t.l;'nhanc_e. the ~e:'elopment of' _. ,ts .!:!.u,ma~ .
, · · · · · · ··· · · · · t..iA · · • · f'f\i · '· .- · .- . resources, and · . . . · . . ·
Spe,cifjc Res.ponsibiliUes.'pf t~e. Gov~~~t .. .. . .4. Guarc1ntee-full.respect.for .!:!.urrian fights. . . _.-,
The Magna Carta of WornE;?n ·mandates; ·.. · . . . . . ·. · · :·., .. 1
.• · • •
1: ·-rhe·, adoption of· g·~nde~ mairistrEfoming· as' a Note: All· f9rms :of. ·sexual h~rassment in ttie
··strategy for im.plement)ng· the:lc1w and attaining employm~nt, education. Qr training envirorimert-c!_re
its obj~dives-; · .-. :· · · ... _,, hereby deqlarichinlawtul (R.A.-No>-7.fJT'r, Sec. 2)..:
2. T-Jie· · planning,' ·budgeting,. monitoring · a.nd · . · .· . . , :·. · . ..
evc!h..lation for gender and deyelopm.ent;_ · · · , : WhQ. M~y· commit,:ffl~·ME2-ACT~-AIMD) .
~- The creation and/bl" strengthening "of gender ~nd . . 1-:'" Teacher;· . . . · ..
developmen.tfocar po in.ts-;. and. . ·.. · ·. · 2 .. ~ instructor;·
4.: .-The g'enefratio.n and m<c1i1~ten~ricE;? of gecld~r ·. · 3.. :erofessor;·
f · . · ·. · ·
,,, . .
statistic.s ·and ·sex-disagg~e9ate'd databa~es to_
. aid. in: planning •.. progr.amrning ah.9 . policy
4.'. gmployer;
5.- . smploy(;!e;·· \
;/ · , . ·.formulation. (Q & A;. Magna :Ga(ta .of Women; 6. Manager;.'
f-: . PSA ·Gender Sensitivities): . .. . . ·r · .
~gent;,of the emploxer · .
8 .. Coaeh· ..
Note:··Filing a coropl~int un~.e°r .this Act -shall -not . 9. . Iraino~; · . · ·· .
preclude the offe.nded party. from. pursuin'g 'otl:ier 1·0. §upervjsor; .. ·.- .
retnedies' available.. under the law and to invoke ahy 11. Any · other .pe.rsoi:1 . who, havJng. ~uthority,
of. the provisions bf existing: 'iaws. e·specially·· those Influence·. or Moral ·aifoendancy (AIM) ·over
recently·· . enacted. laws . protecting·. women . and. . another; or -
children· in_cJudin_g the:.. · ·

t• 2019 SAN SEDA ~W CENT°F~LIZED BA~ ~P~RAT_ION~·

·.
I ;31~ .. ··
.·. ·'··
t :, ~-;~-'... ~;~~
 SPECIAL GROUPS
SAN.i,EDl\ LAW C.Ef'rT.RALIZED
BAR OPERATIONS7 MEMORY AID 2019
IINH i 4&ess a eaac I

12. Any person who Q.ire.cts or induces another to
, -comrnit any act of.sexual harassment -as herein
defined, or who cooperates in· the commission
thereof by another, without which. it .would not
have been committed, shall also be. held liable .
'under this Act (R.A. No. 787_7;_Sec. 3).
. .
Gravamen of the Offense . C, When· the sexual·.favor is made. a ~onqition ·. ·
The gr.av.amen· of the offense in· sexual .hara~sment
· · js not. the.vlolatton ·of the· employee's, sexuality but
the abuse of power by-, the employer. Any employee,
. male. or..female, n;iay rigtitfully cry "foul" provided the
. 'claim: is well -substantiafed (PH ...Aeolus AiJtom9tive·
Unitecl ·Corp. v, NLRC; .G.R. No.. 1'?4617;-~pril 28, .
2000).. ', . : · ··.· . .. · .·· · ..
Wh~n,.Sexuai Hai'assme~t·Punisha~le/ (WET)
f · Work-related;· ·: '. ·.- .·
.. 2 ... · .sd~.~~tiolli--(ela.ted; .and
3. .Iramtng-,refa!ed (R.A. No. 7877, :3_ec3~~s- ii'
· · · . • ·
·.
2. In an educatloh or training environment,
sexual harassment iscorrirnltted: (CEC-iHO) ·
. a. Against one who is uncter..the.,£are, custody
or supervision of the offender; ...
b. Against· one. whose · ·gducation, training,
· apprenticeship-or tutor.ship is entrusted to .
. the oftender; .
to the §lying of a. passing grade, or the :
granting .of
honors and scholarshlps; or the ..
payment of a stipend, 'allowance.. or other
.benefits, privileges or considerations; and ·
d. When- the sexual . advances . result. in an
. · !ntimidatfng,: a . .!::!9,stile . · ,oF · QffenSiVe. :
environment for the result, . · trainee· "or ..
"apprentice · (I HO) . (R.A No. 787.?,-. Sec .. 3;
. par. (b)). ·· ·
. · · ·
. . .

. . ' ~;,
J·
,-?·. ·· ~· · ~
""""==::._Note: Any ~erso.n who ~ire.cts:or induces another or
~er:&tesin ~t-le cernrmssion of sexual harassment
· . ~{tfoqj-ii~Qit would not be committed, shall also
How Committed· . • • · · ',1< ,-.. ./.__ -~· · '
---=·=--== _,,be,·' ~u ,....., 1·IJl.O!ft
~bl '-YDA
·!'!.~· • No. 7877 . , Sec: 3''1• · ·
.: Demands, requests or . otherwist}~.r~qu~e~;~f'iy-. · ·""'~~ .f,~:-· ·fv . . ·. . · ··
· sexual fa~orfrom the othe~ .regar~lis~pt}1~fner~J-,~~~~E>ucy.,;_~f'tq_~<(tnpl~\er a
~r .~ead ~f Office ~ Work-
dema,:id, re9uest o~ requir~~~.f-H~r ~9J:Sml,5Slon is . "iP .g91atecf:,· ~~~ctt~n or Training Environment:
a9cepted by the obJe<?t. of sa!f.1· aet,{~fA.. ~f'. 787f.' Jft\ · .,tPu,r-e,Prq2-Qi~Co)"''';· \ _ . . .
Sec; 3). .
"' t ·11 · · t
:. :if;,.,_ · /f
.: . . . : We . , -fL~, It is the wuty 6\!h~f~Jilployeror hE::c!d ?f office in a.
·· th lf.1;th.,.""J/ . · d. . -,..- t . ;1~~1 -work"Zret~ted•. e~~atJo~ or training environment to:
\id•,.,.,,.::..\·W · · ·· · ' f · ·
, ·· · t f ,.,,-..rj ·
,.o e: IS· no necessary .a .• µq ueman , requ~.s,'-, : , 1.-
ll
or reqwremen O . a se~uaI 1,8)/0r ... a, uCU .. e. IJ1".:8.~~~~.::,, ·-i'al
.ll, · r t d:,;;,. •\ c. i ·' , . . . ·pPre:v.ent ·
or , eter. e .comm1ss1on o acts of
·h~ras"sm,:,ra\·, · _a. . .. · '
:c;;ategorical· t>raJ. ·.or writtej·.state eht._Jtl~mayp\i\m:rr.L:li.1Pt\ .. ~ex; - ·~ ,·- '. di . · . .·
d .1sceme 'ct 'th·
, w1 equa 1 .ce
• i..."""'t·"i;~ tti< ·, t:<,i. ~4-Ji. .. ,;z-:.2_';2.· Pro t1,~;th01. pro~f)ldures for the Fesolubon,
ue, , ..., ~~ .......u....i.ue· 910~? t /I . f f
rti.
•

. . · 1• · I I•

offe'nder. It ·is enough thatforer.:e;pon" €~' ~ °'<>i:)nor.\C!') ,·~. S.7'7~ n. _pi:,.,,pr.o~e~u1-ion O ' acI s O sex,ua ';
· • · • · · ·~1~···· •· ~ ~" '"1ii... .~,.·~~1ffissmerit·'-'JI · ·
result In creating anintimida.li~g, hoslile o. reo~''v~~ e'(,,~!..,/~'.:~ ~· · ~~( 'i ·d , r ··
~XB" ·,,
· ~ ..U 19~ appri~ ia 1~~es an . regu 1a 1o~s in I.
·environment for the employe~tbomi~~v.
G.R. .,Vo. 155831.·Febru'a.ry 1aidooar· · : .
·. · ... ·... · . . • ·. · ! .. :
~~,v,_).
'.. \'.. . : .. , . ~c'•f~\he)n~g.ye~s
~o~sul~~tlon w1t_p. ':i!'ld. JOl~U~ a.pproved by th~. ·
or P,UdentS Or tr~inees,.th(O?~h t_he1r ... I·
·'Spe~ific~lly: :_. .'·. ·. · , . • '\.. · }', ·~~~yJ~ .d~.s~n.ateq repre~.entati~es,_pre.scribing the· i·
1·, In a · w.ork-related ~r,~rfiJildf~$!rtf~.r.:-=-~P(tc~dlj'~/tor the ·11westJgat1on 9_f. sex.~a.1
. · envir~mment, sexual barass1r1ent:is',~r'im.~ted. t, Af Al~tJ;l_~f.rAE.:.nt .ca~~s.. and .· thE:.. administrative
. "."h~r((CRlm-lHO) -:.. .: . , ~~~;""",;.!~ ;;~~r:iet1o~s_.ttierefpr, :. · .· . . • . . . · .. ·
a: The sexual fc!-vor JS made· as a·£0.ndihon: . . .~-. p1ssem1!1ate or. post. ij cOl?Y of this. Ac.t for the
·i. . In the hiring:odri the employment;· :; . · 1nf.ormat10A ~fan co~cerned; .an_d , · ..
if ·.R~;_·emplo,Ymenr . ·. or , continued 5. ~reat1 ~ .. C~rnm1)tee ... on d~corum.. -an9
.. emplo.yment of said i(1dividuc1f; or: . · . ... ~nvesbgat1on of ca.st=:s.Q[)' s~xual har~s~mentto
· : .. :. iii. Jn .. gr_;:mting,··sai<J··· lndividual' favorable· mcr~as~.. underst.andmg ar,id·.pre~~ntlrlc1.~entsof: ·
· c6mp~risatlon; , terms; . . conqitfons, .. sexual. harassmen~ (R·.~. No, 7.,f:177,S.ftb.. 4),
. . . pro.motions·or. privileges. . ,. . . . . .. . . .. .. . ..
b n-h R f h · If · · ·1 · · · Note: Administrative sanctions shall not.be a bar to
. . ; '• e _e usal t.o granN e sexu;:i .. avorresu ts.· .. prosecution in the.P.rOP·.e.'r.c.ourrs for unlawful ac.ts of
ii:'i limiting; $egregatlng or. cl~sslfying· the ·
.. . employee : wt.iicti·· ilJ . any:· .-way .. wouid. sexual harassrri~nt (R,A:.No. 7877; Sec. .'_4j.' . .. . .. ·
•.. . . . . discriniiriate, '. ·deprive . or.· . diminish.. . .. . ·. . . . ;· .... ,, . . .. ' . ,. '· ·. : . .
. : .. employment' opporturi'iti'es ·or:-. o\herwis1;1 Liabjlity. of: the .Employer· or: H~ad of Office;·
. adversely affect said erriploye~;· · . Edocational'or Trai'ning lnstituuo·n. · : · ·.· ·
, .•. c .. ·.'fhe·· abm.1e · acts· .. woald Impair the $hall .be sp_lidarily lfable for dama.ges ·arising frqrt{=-
·.. .employee's . .rights· ?Ind pri,.i'ileges und~r. thE1 acts: of sexual harassment'· committed· in the·
existin·glabor Jaws; ·and. . · emp!oymE!nt, i~du.catiOl).Or train·ing erlvironinent:ifthe ·
d. The. above.· acts ·would result in··. an. employer or head:ot:office, educatiori<!_l.or training .
. · ~-!ntimidating, .. · !:!O.Stile. . ·or . ·.Qffensive · institution is infOFmed ·of SUCh' acts by .the offended·
~nviro_nment ·for the .employee: (IHO) (R.A. . pilrty and n9 immediate ?Ction is taken thereon'(R.A. .:
No . . 7877, ·s ec-. 3., pa r., (a)) . ·· 78Tl, Sec. 5). ,

. .

32!) ·1 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS ·.

 r. :)?·;·.t.t:tflt%7.~~]~~~f~~ftlt:'·~(
·: •
.t. L ,• : ~

t~ ·' ··.·. S.PE.CIA.L'GROU'P:S·:-..·f.:~· .:'·.~}7°'.··'?::·:;:·\·:,

, SAN SEDA tAW Cf.NTRALf?F:D
BAR OP.ERATIONS.- M.~qR~ AID 20.i/:- i . . . . . · . ::· ·:
i{.. F A Mi SF&ij,W?MIMWttW Eibd Kifi_E@7*1 Mi 4H;_ · .. !.: ·. . 'ttm'!f

i'.· Independent Action for Damages ·' children a~d enh·a'nce'tliefr:Qpp~rtunitie$ fora useful
~- · Nothing in this Act-shall preclude tne victim of work, and happtlife. (~.A N'o;.9231, Sec. 1). . ·
·; education or training-related sexual harassment . 1
., ·. .
.-. · from instituting a separate · and Independent action Definition ·of Terms . . .. ,
~· .for- da'mages. and other affirmative relief (R.A. No. Chiid is a'i,y p~-~sori'under .18 years of age (D.O. No.
. 7877, Se_c. 6).. . . 65-04, Seq. 3(a)). '

Perialtles . Chlid.··.Labor .is any· work or· 'economic activity

Any per-son who :vi~l~tes the provisions of this Act · . performed by a ct\ild thl=!t. subjects hit:1/her to· any.
;: - shall, : upqn · conviction, be · penalized · by form of exploitatioh 'ot Is harmful to :his/her-health .
imprteortmentof not tess'tban frncnth nor more than. and safety or physic·a1,_inental·. or psychosocial·
:'. - Six (6) mOnths,.or a fin0 of nortess than P10,000 nor . development_to.o. No. $5-0f,I,. Sec: 3(P)).··· · . ·.
. more · than P20,6oo, · . or both such fine and
,, ·. imprisonment 'at· the discretion of the court (R.A. · Working'... Child ·-r~f~r~; to any ·.child ~pgaged as ..
;; · ', 7877, S~c. 7). · ·- ·. . · . · · follows; :. . . ·. . · ...
~·· :. · · 1'. · Wheh~the child is below 18 years· of'.aqe, in a.
;, . .'. Prescrtptton: · -. . . . . . . . · work or. economic . activity . that . does ·· not ".
!: . ·. A.ny action arising from the violation of the provisions. constitute child labor; and. . .
~ :'of this Act ~h'all prescrtbe in-three (3) years .(R:A. No. 2 .. When the child below 1 yearsof age: o
f': 787~, Sec. 7)·. ·. /)/j3,/.. a._. ~::~~ri!~:~~er~f~~f~f;e~s ~~·;i~~Li~1ei~~~-
-, .... · l l.,; 1.A gua~difitn _and where- only members of the .. ·
:· , . . · . l, i"~ ; ~; ·<) .. child's ~amily ar~ employe~; or· .· .
:.~.:'-'.
EMPLOYMENT .OF MINORS·\!
. /7'
iIt t,,.-r ,i·•:.; · · b..
.-·,•:.-;-;'~.. . ___
·. In public
.6.""'i:;-Q
J
entertainment or information (P:O.
3'1 ,\) .
L..--~;,_ .....;.-.--..:.-.--.--,.....-~-'~·· ..., ;f• .',c;.~·.,.,i..':'-.~;.,//1}.of, ..,~ 4, Sec .. ·.
( .r.'!,-,/ ,, \ / Yi" . . --......~£_., ../ . 1c.1.
Ii, .. . . . ' ,-" .;,- ' ,_ l..,j . • 4\ . •. . ·. . . -
i> . CHAPTER, II: EMPl,.OY_MENTOF Ml~.gRs · . /L,./j ·, Public·· ·entf;f{j;!i'Ol')'lel'.lt. or. Information refers· to·
~ ·· · · . · ·. · · · ·y'.,_ 1-1 · ·)>"~\~ artistic:· litfr~r9it· 'an·d ·cultural·. performances ·tor
f AR!ICLE 137: MINIMUM_ l:MP~OY ~-~,i;:)f;;c. 9.~
jd televisionjst:i,?~.radio progra':11, cinema ,.or film,
i The-niinimurn employa\:)le age;Js::.1-5' yee,~:~age,. ,;:~ . theater; 6om1JT1er&a1· advertisement, public relations
fv., ~ubject only,o exceptions (Ll}.~0B CO.@.£;/ Art. 137r.A, L·1 ·
activitiel or·c~ir1p~Jgns·,.'print,materi~ls, internet and

!;t · ·. ·. ·· !(_'-// <-::z..:~:J~~ .. -~ .0 .}) .othei:~1-1~i~~(q:~(&o:

NC?t.e: The law·governing the e~plo'y~~~V.of mil).o.~s; ,{} · ·
6p-04, Sec.,3(nJ))..
,.t_;1,;::.'bf!.:/· · · · · .. . ·
f;-
\(
is R.:4-. · 92~1•. 53s .~rnen.d:e(1.,(otn~~1~~1~~.~wn cl';,. :.J
Spec.1~1.f~r9t~Ct1on_of.?h.1ldr~n l\gatQ,sfCh11~,:fb.us1e,...
J.
E_!flployment of C.h,il~fre,h. . .,
i-L . ·
.::L:..... Gener~I Rule:·Childrel"! below 15 y.ears·of age
(\ .. , Expl~1ta.tron:an~. D1scnm1~_at1onAd);: -f~?:.; · . i_,)r·;.,r'.' Fi"
f~ \• • • . • . .. • . / •_/ . .,...-:"'?..-
.. ~sh,~1!1:iotb~ emp!oy~d (RA.
6.l ,:,1.J.!..4-. ~::D • .
9?3·1, ~ec. 2). Wo.
~-. r·=-- -:-:
I ' • ~ • "
)~·....-· . . !..!'/ . . ,

l:. . . (P.SR)
!;'.
it~~i~~r~by:~~cla:r~d.to· be. the.policy:o~ti~-:~~fi_o:.
... ·.. . . . . . .,. . .. .. ~ .. .
- ;~-~~~~0 ;!\,~J;d
work¥ ·~iir~cUy_1.fnder.th~.~ole
~espom~1b1l.1ty o'f his/her J:?arents or· legal
1( ·1.: · Pr<,>v.ide special'-frote<?tion to. cl)ildren· fr<?m all gui,lrdian and where only· members··of his/
~: '.. fonris 0f"ab1,1se, neglect, cruelty, ~xploit!'ition and ." her fam.ilyare emjlloyed;. . . _-· . ·
t .,
If
dis.9rir:ninatiq_n an·d~ther ':9n~iti~ns.prejudi~ial .to .
'their. development mclud,rng .child labqr and· its
. · ;
Conditions· . . . .
·· ·
.
·
.
·
.

,l .· .
ts:: · · · · worst forms; · · · · .
~·.:.. 2 .. P.toVide ·Sanctions ·for. the.i( commission an'd

"'"··...
Cf,lrry' . 0'4,. a . program ·fpr . prevention af')~
',deterrence of anq crisii:iintervention.in sit\)a~ions
.·.'of' c.hil_d·ahuse, e'ip_loiJ~tion.and ·mscrimination;
· · i. . That .. hi~/tier ·.. emproyrnent neither
. endangers his'.life, safety, healt.h ar19.
morals, . Ji.or ... i,:npa[rs '. his hoi"mal . ·
dev~lopmerlt; ·a,~d . . . ·.. .. . .
ii. That tt:ie parent· or.legal guardia·n shpll .
..

[I( anq provide ·.the said minor child with ·tne' -, .

~; .' . 3.. 'Ph:#ec.t . ~nd . ,Behab.i11t.:1te -~hildre.~ .: grayel/ . • prescriped . primary: and/or :sec:'ol'ldary ·· . ··
't· threatened or: endangered by cir¢umstanqes ed1,1tatfon (R.A. No .. _9231, Sec.. 2). · .. ·. · ...
" which .affect' or will affect their survival' and
1i".
: :norr:nal deve.lopm_ent·1:1nd over ~hich' they- nave.· b. Where the . child's _e.mployment'· or
i:· . no control.. . 'pa,rticipation. 'in. public··. ·entertainment or.
~-
"/. . :· .. . .. . . . . . . ·..
.. ..
informatiol') through 9lnema', the?ttet, radio,.
't·=:·. The best interests of chiloren shall be the paramount television · or o.ther forrri~ ot -m.edia . is
·, ·. consideration.In aU actrons concerning them. !::very essentiaL· .
. effort shall be ·exerted to pro,:note · the. w.elfare of
 Conditions: 4 ... 'Has. been SE)Jectedfor a froject after undergoing
'l. That. the employment· contract is auditiqns, workshops or VTR screenings;· and .
'concluded bythe child's parents or legal··. 5: Has been se'lected as Semi-finalist· in a .contest
guardian with the express agreement of for-a telev!slon show.(o-:d. No.'2-18, item 1).
the child concerned, if possible, and the
approval of the DOLE; 'and . . : · A ·wptk permit is. not required.if a child below 1"5 years
ii: That the following requtrernentin'atl . · ofage:··(S3A~°CGF) . . . . . .· . .
instances are strictly complied with: . . 1. ts a' .§.pot extra or is cast outright en the day of
1) · The employer." shall. ensure· the · : filming or taping of a· project; . ·
protectlon.. tiealth:. safely; morals 2. · Is a partlclpant iri §chool-related performance;
.. and· -norrrral development- of -the- a
3.. ls participant in 2P.Prts ~ctivities,.trainin'gs or
child· . .: . .. ,. . . < workshops; . . . .
.2) The ' · employer · sh.all -ihstitute .·.. , 4. : . Is c;i contestant'. 9f. a 2inging;' dance or talent
.measures to prevent .the child's contest for a televislon.show butnot as· a semi- .
. exploitation· or·discrimination taking . finalist; . . . . . . .. .
into account'the system and level-of . "5. ·Will Join ~uditions 'or VTR screenlnqs; .
· remuneration, arid the .duration-and. · · '6 .. -1~,ea.r:t ofthe audience of a live televtslonshow
arranqernent of working time; · · ·. · · .. unless his-participation is expected:
. 3) . The employer slia.il formulate -a~_._--=sk Is .chosen as a Contestant from the audience 'of
· · implement,.. subj'ect to th~. ~pl=)fcfval 'T- . 'J\ ~~,iv.~television; show; . ·. ·
and supervlsion.. ·?f-1"'.:-ifom~teot
1 ·.}'>~;,,.f,s)J r~~iRJ.~nt of §ift-gi.ving activities in television;
~J
. 'authorities, ·. c\: con~i,~G~r~ii;~~"-\¥ill ~e je_~~redin a documentary material ·
for training ·and s~i!Js·;a~!)~jJion of · (D. e.~~1-JJf1•)[1:z.m1). · · . . · .- . ·
the child _(R._A_-lfJo~'?-31:ri'S,..~ ..,...z);-~~--..,,,_~::(:-· ·_\: .... · ·. . · ·. . .
and . -, / ;:j'= j'7.' . ; · ·
· 4) The ch_ild is-,rov1cl~'Wit at· leasl · .!~ $ith0ut \ wor._'k(: p'ermit
mi .. T -~pte: r-pr c~tQ.r.~_ll')~peanngm .a singleproject and
yet, t.h.e :-, DOl.:.E
~he .-mand'ft10!Y ·. ~fern~~~a~c or ,Ay~~e_g~?nal{Pro.vi~oJallF,~~id Office ·stiall issue ~ group
-·. seconda': ~~?tic;Jn.(D:Q~ N~ ~~,-_J>~~lfTra:C. No~2{1_§;;,1(e.m_ 3): .
. ·. ·.
.
. ' ·.
04, S~c._7,.!fi:fr. f~Jt . . \
·.. 11 ..;--:"',tff.. · ~. ·
~,.r , ~ ).:,,/. 1: ... \ c.J . . . . . . . . . , .
{;ff:-#, 1 G:tound,! for · s,p~-pe~~,on and·. Cancellation. of.
.·.· . ·

Note: A wo~k · ·p~rrmt ~ rrblh~ prn£] ust ~-~-r...;:~2,!:..k R~9':@t:· (ff,TErnP.10) · . . <. · . ·
pr~cured firsr before .ef.!g:t,~:·i~~~aJ5oV.I".:;~ . .-~~1~~1·0Yr.e9-t0r !hall. ~uspend_or cancel tt,e
exceptic;mal cases .. · . · \ l \ '\.~~\\;~. ·. . · ~Jv;,;~l';,!_'.lit·i~Jue~~fq,lfa· working ct:iil~ under the
. . . .- ~ . . -~ _. ~~~f.1 l(i.>~n3f'mstances..:. J. . · ... . .
· · · For pur~os·es of this Articl€!',:_!l)eterm, ·c~ili:R.~~J~, , .1 ~f;thfr7/(s:·:1;rauo· o~ misrepre_sentatio~ in th.e
apply to all ~etsons·und_er_.1 ~ears &~g~<'lqtf~f'w~~a~ion
. No. 7610, as amen.ded by R."J\__ No. ~3"4~~
. :?-.!.
wort<._ --~ermit . or ·. ~ny: :pt . _it,s.
§JlpportJJ;l9..~0~uments, . , . . ,
.
·. · · 12).-
· · . .

Vali'dity ·ofWo_r~kPerini~ . · .
·
. ·. -~· ,.
,,(!Av:·
·
.Z· - . . · -~~~
""'"=~2f-"'}\t~\;J;,o/m?and.conditions
·.'J\ /J ··l\~J!>l~1:it· co.n_tract-. and/or · .. employer's
.VA('~·::1,1.ade",rt.ak_irig'havtibeei:i viol_ated; ·
_s~t forth.in t_he child's

· ·· ..
Th.f!·Work per.mit s_hall state the ·period o( its v_alidi\~~lfthe. EmP,foyer fails to···institute measur~s to·
. bas.ed on. the employm~ht cohtrE1~t"9r'the appli,caticm ; ·. • en~ure ·t_hE:l.. prot~'ction; '1~alih,- safety, m.orals,
for work permit, as the case m.ay."be. However; the , ·. and norm~l·devel6prnent,ofthe .child;.'· ·· . .
pe.fiod of validity ·shall .in ·no cas_e .e~c,eed one .yei-ar · . ·:· 4. ·. I~ t.he e_inployer:fails.to. fo'rmulate.and ·implemerit '.
. · (D.O.No.,6_5~04, S$c.''1?),:' .· . a Er-ogr.amfor·the eaucation,.'tralning·and.skills ·
· ·· · · . . ij.c.quisitl.~n 'o{lhe child~ or._:. · ..: . · : :·
· C~)!er'age of Working· Child Per.mit · : · ·. · · 5:' ·u .a child ha~ been· Qeprived_ acce~·s.to formal,
~·~ork pem:iit_is· required·if'a ct,ild be.low 15 years of . · · · J'.IOli-formal ·or allemative learning systems ·of
age: (FREPS) . . . ,.·&1.uc~tion ,(D.o: N_o.:)>q-04,Sec .. -22): .' · .• ·.
.a
. f. .ls foreign nati9'.nal ,ana, wiif pe engaged: in . \ . .. . . .
public erjt~rtaininent: or !nformation 'In the" . -: .·Hoµrs of Work of a Working Child' .
.. . Philippines; . . .". . . . . · / ·.. · . · . ·:. It include&:·. ,··. · . . : · .· .. ·.. .." _ .
2·. · Wi!f be er19ag.ed as a Regular ex~ra or as part.of- 1·. · Alrtime"durlrig which a· child is required to.be a.t
.. . a .. crowd and is. included in the script .or a· ptescribed workplace: ~i:itl . · ·· · . ·
· . ··storyboard;·. : · ·. · · · ·. · · : · ' :z. ·Alf time :during :."which .. ~-. child · is suffe.rea·.9r '
· 3. Will .be gngaged · ill .public· entertainmei'it or . permitted .. to · wc;irk .. ···it : .is inclusive-·. of
. informa:tion. regardfess qf !')is/her. roie ·in a· wardtobe/costum·e fittiiig, make7up· appliya.tlon,..
. · · projeCt. This~ Jnt)ud~s proj8·9ts . which. a·re oon- · · ·· , ·
.profit; . advocacy .. materials qr political. '.
ad_v~rtisements; '·

322 2019 SAN BEDA ~w f ENTHAUZED.BAR o~·ERATION$

 . . SPEC·IAL G:ROU.PS · :· .' . - . · . ,.-:·.·:,·:· ..
. , . I .
SAN 8£:DA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS- MEMOll°Y.lf/02019 · .
. · iii 5 ± ; MB.WM &Mt en . H
practice or rehearsal while fn the w_orkpla~~:.· Con.dition:-Thatnot more thari ·20% of the child's, .
. including.Wf;:lititig time (D: c. No. 2-17, item 2:2) .-incorn.e may b~ usedfor the. collective needs' of the
·r - . family'(o.o. No: 65,~.·4, Sec. 8) ....
.1{ Note: Sleeping time as well as· travel lime of a child
ff: .engagecj irj. public entertainment or informatlon from Noter-Collective .Needs of·the:Farnily.includes .food;
l his residence to his workplace shall not be Included shelter;·iigh~ and water, ciot!iing·, .~ducat.lon/me~ical,
~; . as hours worke.d wHhout.ptejucliqe to the applicatton ·, transportation , and other expenditure items.
{:, ·ot'existing rulssonEmployee'sCompensatton (D.O. · .necessaryfor.the survival of (he family of ihe child
J '. N('). 65-04; ·.Se.c.. 15). · · : ·· · (D. 6. No. 65~04, .sec: 3(i)). ·

{··. M~ximum N.u~b;r of Hours ~f-Work: . . 2. Th~· income of the working child .andl~r. th~:
1.:··'..··.·: 1. A fhjld below fifteen· (1'5)' years of ;:ige ·may be · .Property acquired..tt)ro.Ligh thet. work o(tlie·child
, allowed to. work fornot morethan twenty'.(20)' · .. shall be. administered by· 'bo h parents. Irr the
hours. a.week and more· th~n· four (4 ): hours at · . absence or \1.1capacity of either parent, the other
any·given day;: ·· .~. . parent shall administer the same .. ln case both ·
·2. A, chUd fifteen .who i,s·.~fte.en (15). years· of a.ge parentsareabsent or.incapacltated, the order of
-anc'.f below eighte~n· (18) shall not bl:l allowed to · 'preference on parental c1ut~ority, as provided for
-worktormore than eight (8) hours aday, 'and in under theFamilyCode snail apply axo. 65-04;
. no case beyond f.drty {40)'hours a w.eel<;:a.h.d . · Sec. 17). ·
3. No child below fifteen (15)· years. of agE;!. shall be.,/['/ . .
'allowed 'to work between.eight(~) o'clock·iri ihl·,/ir. · Preservation of the Working G.hildts Income ·,.
ev~ning and six·(6) q'cipc.k in tbe morning ·oft~~'/~':'! .'The.·ir'ICOf"!le of the working c~ild shall b~ .depc;,sifed
·. following, day .an~ .no· child fift~er) (15) yea(~fPJi ::·~!·:\. ·.in.a Tru?t-Fun.d.or~avings ":'~CO\Jnt setup or..operied
a~e ;;ii:id .below eighteen .(1 {!) yea~s of age s~~l)·,~ ,~~;;~..,,~2'9..~rhis. nJl.f,Qeby t~.e~dr-rn,n1strator of suc.h mcome,
. be allowed fo wor.k' between ten (1.0) ·o·~tG?rc~ !D.' Yt~~-~t~,t.0:,.tt:lejcond1hon.s, under Sec. 18 of D.O. 65-
, the eveni~g flnd:six (6) o'clock in t~~;f))fri[nfJof-.,. f. · 04·arrd't,he·~~yilCode: The following rules apptr.
th~.follow11.1~ day·(D.O. No_. l!5-04,;:Seo:,15). ,1\-)~ · , 1. Whe.n.A~~1prne · !S. at )east P200,000 .- the
. · · ·: ·. · ' . . · .. .'. r· \J( . · /.,.,.,,\ · · adminis·t.r.at~{shall .s~t up a Trust J:und for tt:ie
R,est perio~s of $hort dura~i~IJ;;?f!!i.1~f~prl<i.ng.,l~{ child_JJfo~r.e'a~. leasqO% .. of ·Sllc:'1 ~mount shall:
. hour~ shali b~ counted as .hy.urswoiJ<e<t:fD;~ . h. be.d,epo~1ted\ ; . . · . . ···,:- ..
f. .. N(:.: 95_~04, Sec.'·3(k)): !,~.,, ·. ·~~ ·.. ~· .:~) ~:) ·2 .. ·.~'lfn!~~~~is IE:ss.than P2QO,OOO.~ at. l~ast
t·
f'
... . . : . · : ·::· .\,;.?' ~~>;)_ ~,, · ·
Llm,tatioFJs on Wqrkmg·~~ur~:P-!-·~ij!!c~ . ··~ .·
t·t:,·.:j·.. . J.WgT.-?J;~7i,.~.l;\.~e .~ay. pe df p9s1te~ in a
~avn'l~O.l:Jfltea.eh time the ch.1ld rece1~es an
r.::.. . f:7 . . .
~-::-;...... .-,, .. ,.., . . _':.: IOCQIT)e. The. accumulated:. savn-;igs ·shall , b:e
~ • ' .. , i.,,.:,...;;....:_,.;trar-isferred to· the, Tru~.t Fund . should the tqtal~ _
r.;'.,.'.i ·N··0·t mo.re· · Not m··0-re c:1,9:.rh·.tv(·S\:· .... :.,h,.,,"~'.:;·:gross ~ricome. for a 'given ·.yea·~· js,. at leas~.; .
~ · · · • :. 1\,;f ·• . v~~:~..:.:L:;:.-~:~i;i:200'.'too· (D· o · 65-04 · Sec··.18)· ··
than fo~r . .. than :i:lm tp/&Ix'( · _ . . . , · · . · · , · , · . ·, '. . : · · . · .
(4) hqu~s. ·:. .twenty <29): 'LW,-~rn.f'f
nours.
· ··
r~!J: :-·
-
P. owing·
P.ro~jbition against-Worst i=orms·of.Chi.l.o.Labor·
''vyor;,t forr!Js' o(~h\ld l.abor•· ~ha\l -refer to:'1;1ny of.
l!'le·folfciWing:· .·· .. · .. . . .
-~-'--~-~---'~-+-d_a_y_·-~·---1 . . · L·.AJI forms.of slavery;.as.deftneq urfderthe ."Anti..':.. ·
. , .. .. Not mor~ ·. Te.o.(10) . . 'Traffi~king .. of Pe,;sons. A.ct of 20p3'.'.qr- practices .
'than eight. Jhari'forty pm·to six.· sirhilarJo slaver.y'suct) as;· ,. ·
(40) hqurs . (6) ani ·of · ' a: : ·
.•. Sale( ,;1oi:l'traffickfng-qf c;;hildrep;
the b. · Debl bondage and ·serfdom·; and ·
. .. following: -:.. · .:· :t: ··.,Forc~.d. \>r . compuls·tiiY.. l1:11)or> .irieludipg
day . : ,.·· . . .. ·re:cruitrnent:of chi_lpren· fo"r ll~e . in armed ..
EL~----'----~-'-·----·___, , . ·.conflict;·.. . · . · . ·: . :_ · ' ·, · · . ·. · ·
· '· .. · · · · ·: · · .. -. : · · · 2~ Tlie ,use, procuring,. offering.. or. -e~po~ing· or a
Own~rship, ),!sage and· A~i;nihisti-atio·n of. the· · child for: prostitution,· ;for ·th·e.. pro.tlu.ction-. :of
. Working '.Ctiilct's 'irico~e '··. · · · · . · : ·' · porncjgraphy.or fo~ pomqgraphic perfqrma·nces;,
1 ... Tiie.w~ges,.sal*ies;·eamlng~ a.ndc;,lher.incqme. 3;. The use, procufiflg; 9.ff.ering'or-.exp.osing of a··.
of the. wprking. child sl')all belong to:him/her in or
child for .illegal illicit activitieq,. including' the :
· ·ownership ,;1no shall be set asid~ prlmarify·.fbr ·production and· trafficking of'·da·ngerous drugs
.his/h~r. suppoi:t. edLIGc!tior'l' or 'skills ·acquisition and . volatile· ·SUbstai:ices . probibited. unqer:
and s~concjwily to the colled[ve needs of .the ~xisting'.Jaws,; or '
family. · · ···

. '

'
1,,.'.:
i:··

i ' 2Q~9 SAN BEDA lAW CENTRALIZED BAR.OPERATION~ 3~3

.,
'
 SPECIAL GRo.u:ps·
· 5A&_J3q)A LA.'!' CENTRACIZED BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019
WI 4& I . 4 ¥&¥ R>-ISH *te &i&ittt

4. .Work w.hich, byits nature or the .circumstances
· .in which it is carried out, is hazardous or likely to
be . harmful to the. health; ·safety.' or morals· of:
. children, such that it: . ·
· a.' : Depases, degrades or demeansthe intrinsic
'; worth. and dignity of a child as. a human
. being;: · · · ·
. b. Exposes. the-child to physical, emotional or
. sexual abuse, or - is found to be hi~hly.
. stressful. psychologically or .may. prejud_ice
.' ·· .morats.. . . . ..
c. Is performed underqround, underwater, or.
·. .'at.dE1ngerous ~eights; ·. . . ·. · · . ·
·d .. Involves .the use .of dahgerous. -machlnery,
.· . . equipment and tools such as power-driven
.. oc. explosive. power=actuated tools; . . · .
, · ·er.· Exposes 'the child to. physical danger such·
'as but not .lirnited to the danqerous feats Of
.
. trust Fund fro:m Fines and Penalti'es
The fine imposed by the· court shall be treated as a
:Tn,!st ·Fund, .administe(ed· by.b'OLE ·.and disb_ursed ·
exclusiveJy.. for the needs,· including. fhe cost ·of
rehabilitation and ~eintegration iatq me: m~instrea_m
of socie.ty of the working·children who are·victirns of
vi.olation's.-of this Act, and for t_he· "programs and .
projectsthat will prevent acts of chlld labor (R.A. No.
9·2;H1:S~c. "7). · . · . . .· . · . ·
. ·.. Wh.o may·File.a·C~mplalnt-on.Cases of UnlaWful
. ActsCorrimltted Against-Children .
·.1, · Offendedparty;" · .. · . · ·
2: .'. Parentsor quatdiaris.. .. .
3. Ascendants or collateral relatives wlthlrr the third
: .". (3jd) degree bf cbns.ariguinlty; . · . . . · -
. 4: Officer,' social worker or .. representative .. of a
licensed Child caring lnstltutlon:

.
. . which" requires _the manual transp(:1eof
· heavy load~; . . . · Lf~· t!\.:
u
. balanclnq, physical strength:or contortio~·or,_,.=..,~~ Offfcer:or. social worker of DSW.D;
tf :.'.f::~E.~_r-igay chair,:n_an -of the. plac~ wh~r~ the
l\/¥19ta~0pccurrsd,~her~ the chJld rs resldlnq or .
.

. · .... t Is, performed 1n an unheal~l}f;erwwojl1Ti3P..k---=:o~~-efup!py~~,Qr· ·. . .•. . .· . .· .

. e~po~!hg 'the child· to ·_t:rW,rdo~~~01King .,.,; . 7. ;''J:\l~l'?~-st 3f'ep§:fr~ed_.responsible citizens where
. conditions, elements, tf. sOb~~n,..ce~,,.,.~·~e:r-'-"'~9,~-=- . . . ,,.tpe vi~l-aJi'bri qc~gurred "(RA No. 7610, Sec. 27
agents . or pt'ocesse~/li"OjVIJ/9 jonizingn '°K' ···~i a~mJ'nllelJJiy :A.. No. 9231, Sec .. 8). ·
. rapiation,' · fire, . flamm~&l~;.f. su~~tance.s, kl~ L&. ~t1 ~H< ~· · · . .. . · ..
. noxious ·component{ and tfe lik:e,. or: to·/{}~ JIJris:dic ion \ ( () t, ·. · ·. . . ·. ·
. ·. e~trer;ie .te!J1peratuJ:~,lise.. LJlWls~o·r 1r-:-T~r:a.A ~ly· CC!'t1~~~.t,~IIhav~ origin_al jurisdiction .
· . -· v1bratio11s;_ · ff~-, · . . ,· _'ltz~l'"':7-· . ,~er-fallffa:=:es 1r-volv1q ·<:1~~h~es purnsha.ble under
. g. · .. Is P~_rfor~ed . unorrAa l[ic.ul_arl~1·.. d1ffic~J\Wm:~his Act/VJ:A fl/q. l:'7'~1P~.Sec. 1.Q:A as_ a17Jended ~y
..cond1t1ons.. . -~-~ ~ ~.Al\---·-'·''p':......,;__R.A.N9J~~~1. Jee. 9}.H. · . . . , ·
.. h.. Ex~~e~ t~e.child t?~b}';)JogWa1·'l{_~~~~rm~- _c1; '. f.P,J .¥.~if· . _' · . .. ·.
. a~ bact~~la, . fungi! l'•tli'u~e~·•. p~~oaosl~ .~Jo!z~~J.ies .9f provJ'1beswh~re t_here are no f_arruly
· .. ·.· 1.1ei:n~tode_sanq ?ther~~arasif~i;,or\..-<;.p~~.~~~)~'Yet, :t~~ ~~CJ . and· t~~ MTCs .. ~halt· h~),le
.. ~-. :. Involve~ th~ manufaC!!J~ o(~andho.(i~r~i0:~RC!,l~ent .p:msd1~~n ·dep~ndmg ·on )he pena_lties.
. ··. ex~losi":e_s _and_ oth~r _p~techrne::\~~~~~~£:~~1~<.ffo_r thE;_pffens~ charge_d.(R.A._ No. 7610, .
. . . (R:A_No_,_9'?3~. Sec. 3)... :, /. L tx~d~c! ?·~;
~_)i.J.;r~_ -~y _N·q: 9_231, :~f!C·__ 9). .

.. ,Pr:ohlbitlon. on the !;mployrrienf of.'G~/c}j in, ~,·. if· ~~~~lmmediat~Legal, M~dical and Psych9·
CertarnAdvertisements. . . · · . . .- ~~;.,;__ 1V!Us'ociala1S'etv1ces.. · ... - · ·.: · . · _,· . ·
No· ··c.hi_ld shalJ be empl~yed ·as· a model ir anr=:=~fw9rking phild_ sh~i1 h_a),le. t!ie: right to .f~~e· Jegal,
-~~vertisem~nt, : directly or .indir~ctly, . pro~ot.ing .. · m·e'dica! .an_g ps_ycho-so_cial services:to: b,e··proyi_d.ed.
alcoholic ~ver:ages; · intoxicating ·,:drinl<s, toba~cq. by the State ihrou·gn·agenci~s.,m.andat!:?d to·proyide
·and its' _by-products,. g~mbling ·. or a·ny form····of .- _slich .."services·: (R.JJ.: 'No. · 76.10, Sec.· 16-A,. a~·
·dr
·yiolerice porn~grap~y (R.A:Noi 9231, ·Sec:5).. · amended by: R:A No: .9231, S~9,9J: _: .
Ac·cess-to Education·.and·'TYainlng· for Working ; H~alth · seivices. i~clude.d p~l~ary or·_pr~ye,riti~e.:
.Chll~ren . ·. :_ .· . . .. , · ·· : se.con~ary f?i' curative; and. tertiary or.r~~abilita,live
No child shall b_e -deprived of fcirma[, .non-form'al ·or: . services, or"such s~rvices ·as .may be n"e·ceS$~ry_t_o
.alter.native -learning syst~ms o.f -educauo·n. · lh .. 'all.. addrei,~ phys\cal, psyc~olqgical. and.social. probl.ems··
:cases where· the ·child . is allciwed ···to. ·work, the . ~rising from ·child labor. (D:O. No. 65-04," Sec.·20t .
em'ployei- s·h8ff provid.e. the child witb -acce$s ·to at · · · · · ·· · · · ·· ·
- least e_lementaryand/(?.r seqondary-education. ' ·..

--~~--~~-~loye,r sha.11 ma'ka" a __c~:i;d_w~fk during his/her.

·school.hours arid hinder his/her access·to education.
<_:Jurin~ _sc.~ool days (o:o.
'No: 6'5-04, 9ec.' 19 (a)):

324 I· 2019 SAN..ElEDA LAW CENTRA!..IZED.BAR OPERf>.TIONS ·

 SP.·l;CIAL GRo·ups·· . ·.
· BEDA I.AW
SAN · CEf'ITRAPZEP
. BAR
· OPERATIONS
· - .MEMORY.
· I ll019.
·.AO

Not~: The. foregoing ·shal.1. be .the 'standard

.EMPLOYMEN.T OF. · requirements when the ·employment of the domestic
worker Is.facllitetedfhrouqh the Privat~ Emplbyrnent
}IOUSEHELPERS ·
Agen·cy (PEA) (R.A. No.. 10361, Sec. 12).

CHAPTER Ill: .·.... ·.EMPLO.YMEi:.i/. OF

HO~SEt-JELPERS
lliote: ~hapter 111 has be~~. express,;. fep.eaied by
Domestic Worker's .Act .or- Batas Kasambahay RA
No. ·.1.0~61 approved. on January· 18, 2013 ·and.
·be.came_effec~l_ve:on. Apri.1 30,. 201-3 (1.5 days· after.
·complet1on....9t its pubtlcation), .» •
D.omest~c Worke.r or. "kasarnbahay" tefers. to any ·
person er\g13ged in .dornestic work -within " an ·
employment ralatlonship 'such as, but not limited to ·
the following: ·(G2LA'NCo)' ·
,; .' 1.. ~e.neral househelp: .
2 ... Nurl:>emaid of"yaxa;"
~-· ~= £2?k; . .
45•.. .§arden~·r;·
_baun~ry;pe~son;and ,
·. 6. /5.f)Y. P.erson · who, reqularly · performs dom~lii6~; ,·i8:, Rec~1tment.and Fin de.r's Fees
i:· .
The east of.·
'the· standard pre-employment
requirernents··,shall be- borne by the. prospective
employer or the· agency, as the case may be (/RR,
· ~.A. No .. 10.361, Rule //;Seq: 4): .
Reg.istrationof'; Domestic Workers·. · .
The. employers shall r~gister all domestic workers
under their employment in the Registr.y of D.omestic
•
·.-W9.rl<ers j~. the. barangay .wnere the. emp.!9-yer's
.. residence.is located .(R.A. No. 10361, Sec .. 17)..' ·
· ·
· .. .N.ote: Jn cases where the employment of· the
· •- ' domestic·worker is .fac;:ilifated throuqh a PEA, the
r-: · -sald ·f:'EA shall .keep a copy 'ot all· employment.
. . r»; c~:m~,;3cts o.f domestlc workers and shall be made·
,,;;/rf. ·a':';31labl~ for verification and inspection by the DOLE
• . . (;>10'.'f.'>) . (~·~· .f:J6:· ;tQ361,. ~ec. 11, par.. 4). ·. . . · ·
- . . (" it!/;·~'!.!:\ . ·. .. . . · .

.. .. ;
z..
: work in ~me.housetiold on.an occupationalb:s;Js.; .. ·~1;.1"';~fg?:1;dlesi.79!w~et.h~r the domestic worker was·
. · · (/RR,. R.A..· No: 1036-1, Rule. t, Sec. 2),~y · _; (!f !}~1.r.e9.Jm:.~f~~·rp~1vate empl'?!'ment agency or a thlrd
. . .- ' . . . . : . . . . · . . .~..-:,.. . ~: r·l . party·, no sfi~ff ,m the recruitment or_. fin'de(s 'fees
. ··Excluded from .the· definition: (FAC~(\~ ~.;J · ·. ·Shall be chafge,dagainst the c;lomestic worker oy the ·
),
)
. 1,. family driver~; . . /~ft;:r,._d.
. · :. _ · t;; .,r said' priv~1 eln't:>loyme~t agency or third p~rty.'(l~.A.
't..-
r . :. 2 .. ~Y .. othe~ . persoi:i ~ho~,i;:P!:lff0~~2:;.7work
qccas1onstlly or l?porad1~l-y an<!· not·· on- an\ f,.,1-
r\,· . · NO.. 103t._:·1eq\1-3). ,.
/,. ··• -1·L · \.
· . . · . . ·.
f · occupational· ·. ·. I•;:-,;, . ·:;:J;,..:-:,,._. · ·.' ~. ~);1 · Deployr;nent..Expe.,1~1ses
. .. ·
- . ·.
f· 3. . .~h.ildren,UFl.d~r foster fam1fy{ar~~J6e'~t:·a~'~j , ·j, T~e '°{(il,l<::Y.!/~r..,~~er.the . kasambahay i.:> hired 11.
t. 4.- §.er.vice pr:ovid¢rs (iRR; R.A~:No/fPi6~· Ru'fii:W; Yt,! · ·d~r.ectly, e~:fui:g,ygt:I a -P~A. shall pay the expenses
. Sec: 2)-. . .'. .. . . . \'.~¥· },~\. f! ~· W{ ·: 01rectly used for his/her transfer from place·'!! origin
· - · . ·. • . . . . . · . -. "--\ ."' . • /.c::'J
,): . · . ;·:.,.-.:,!oJhe
·~~·Jr ·ri,1- place ~. of work. . , · .
'
HousehoJ.d refers t~ tl')e.immedlate
t 7\
·m(':!jveers ·of)lj~,I,.<
. family or.the occupants QMhe,house-~tiR1are.d.if.~9u9£.""L.::Ji.:...::l;fi~ro_plo)'ermay. r~cover deployment costs fr?m
.. ,) .. ,~iifPll, · · :· . ·
•·'
..'·,. .. at1d regl:llarty provi.ded.servicel3 .py th.e1,~a?am~lfhay,· . .the. ' .~as~m?a,har .. whene"':er. the. empl?~m~nt.
(/RR, R.,4.. No. ·10361;,.Ru/e 1,-se.c. 3-(g)).l!t'ii):.. · · ~e.la~1o'?~h11;> 1s.,termin.ated w1tl'.11n.. 6 months without
. . . · . · . .. . JUSt~u.;:;e (R,A. No .. 10361, Se~. 32)... ··.
Employment c;;~mt~act: :' ·. :· .. . . . . ... . . . · ·. 1· · · · .: :· .: .· .
·. -A cuntri;ict-e?_<ecu.ted· by, and .P.et)V~en the dom·estic . · · . Rtghts ~·nd Privileges of a Kasainbahay:
·v-:orkef and th.iii ernploye~ b.efor.e\he· commencement : , The ·ri_gh_t~and privll,eges.oh3' kasambahay. are the
-of.th~ servi.ce:ln~flangua.ge·0r.dialect·u,ntle~toodby fqllowmg; (S2BC-G92-,WaLTE2~2-F13:) . · ·
both t~e ~omestiC?· IJ/or:ke(and ·t.he em.player (R.A. . · 1 i . §.tandard of .T~eatment..,··,The employer or any
No. 10361i Sec. 1.1): · · .. , · · ·!?'ember ,.of the ·hous(;lh.old shalr.not subjed· a
.,· ' .. . ,-pom':stic.~oi:~er.or k?Js.ambahayto ar:iy _kind of.
Pre-Em~lqyment..Requi.rements· · . . · .. ~\:n,isenor mfhct.anyform of physical violence br
. P'rior- .to the execution of .the .employ,nent contract;· · harasstn~nt .or-.ariy act .tending. to degrade the
th~ ·employer may r.i:1.g1:1ire the· follo-.vjr,ig rron:i- ,he · ·· .. Qignity of a· domestic Worker (R:A. No-. ·io361
kasamb.ah~y:(MCN~) . . . . · ,· · . . Sec.-5);·. ·.. · . · · . ·. . ' ·
1~ Medical certificat~ or a·heaith c~rtificate· issued · 2.· ...Ji!O?rd, Lodging, ~nd Medi<::al Atte'ridance. - The .
by. a locat govecnmerit tiealth :officer;' . . . · en:iployer sha)I provide for th~ basic necessities
2:: · B~rang·a,y and· police Cleararice· · of.the·domesJic.worker to include: · : .
. Bµreau ~·6f .ln.v.e~t.ig~tion · (NB1)
~·.• . 3 .. National clearance;·and: · .
. a:. At IEiiast. three (3) adequate rriea!s per day; ·.
· ·. b. · Humane sleeping arrangements'.thatensure·
4. · : D.lily a'uthen_tie;3ted· · ~irfr) certificate · or if not. safety; an·d · · · ·
availa.bJe, :any otti.er;dOCL!m.ent.shoy.riog th'e age - C. ,Appropriate : re~t ancf. a·s$istance to the.
•. l.. of ·. tt,e d~miesti9 :work~r such as vbter's , domestic worlsl;lr. in.case of illnesses and
identifi~tion.'card; ~aptismal rec~rd or paisport. injuries ·sustained ·.during. service without
loss 'Of benefits (R.A. No. 1031)1, S.e~. 6); .
,i.

~:··.
i;·: .• · 2019 SAN BEDA LA'!'1 CENTR4LIZEC>.BAR OPERATIONS 325

~. .
 .. .
SPECIAL G·ROU:PS
SAN BEDA LAW~ENTRALIZW BAR OPERATIONS - ME/tfORY Al/?·2019 . . :
¥ C&ftt§ WINUl&IC M NHAiMt&+tMiifiW ?MfiilKM + s'tdStii

. 3. :§.uar.ant~e of Privacy. - Respect,for the privacy any unused portion "of s~id ah~u~I leave shall
of the .domestic worker shall be guaranteed" at all not be cumulative or carried . over to . the
times ·and.. 'shall extend to all- forms ·.of succeeding years. Unused leaves shall not be·
communication· and per~onal·effects (R.A. No. convertible to cash (R.A. No. 10361;-Sec. 29);
10361;- Sec:Zf . . .. . . . 8. 1 J1h Month Pay. - The kasambahay who. has
·4, '. Access to'; Outside Communicaflon. ...,. · The rendered-at-least one· (1) month of service .ls
. ·employer". shall g"rant the ·..domestic . worker entitled to a thirteenth-month pay which shall not
· · access to outside comrnuntcatlcn <;luring. free be less than 1/1,2 of his/her total basic"-~ialary
· time: ProvidfJd,· that ·-in caae of emergency,· earned in a calendar year ..
access to comrnuriicatlon shall beqranteo even 9. ,§ocial a_rid.Other Benefits. - A domestic worker
· ·during work· tlm~, should. the· do·m~stic·worl<er who has rendered at least one (1) · month of..
.· · .. · make.use 9f'the:_employer's·l.e_iephone'or·other service shall 'be .covered :by ·uiij·:Sss· .. the.
. ." ·. comrnuhlcatlon facilities. "the · costs "shall be Phil Health, and the Home Development' Mufual
'. ·:' borne. by the domestic .worker..' an less· such Fund.or, Pa~IBIG," and 'shall-be ·emtitled to. ail the ',
: ·. c9c;1rges are waived ·by. .th~ employer {R.A No; beneflts in· . accordance witti_ the pertinent .·
· . ·10~61. Sec. '8); . . . , . · .provlsions provided by· law; (R.A." No .. 10361;
5. Access· to Education· and Trafnirig - ·The · Sec. 30),'. .. . · · - ·
. employer "shi311 ~f,ford the.. domestic worker the . · . . . .
·
. a_.11.?IN._- acce_~~- fq alternative_ 1~.arnlng.~ems Tu.
.. OPJ?..9riU".iW _to "fini~h basi°? :educ~ticm and ~ID.'."1'"'==-'7:}y_""'-~ote: Premiu~ payments.or cohfributions_shall:
1\ _:be.c~tm~lqeredbythe en:i~l.oyer. Ho_wever:tf,the
arid,_ as far. as· practicable, h1_glier,~~cat&..~ or \ . j}/d9f1~'stt~<worker1~ receiving a ".'V~ge_ of ~5,000.
~ec~!lical and vccational traini~gt?i.~~e¥1j}ioJJb-_....."-'7--"::1·~(ld·11'~e~r m~mth·. the domestic worker. s_hall
. shall. adjust the work schedulf_1lf "tha d'o[T:festic . ""P~ 1.llie ·9i:...qp9rt1011ate ·share ·in tpe. _prerrnum
. WQrke(·~o --~llow ~;"uch ·$cce,jl. fo(.:i~~-er'.""'1'r':,-...~a.Fe~S\~"l' c~ntributions, ~s _provided _by law;·
"Jraining_withoul hamperi~91,tl}_~e,rv),ces
by the.empk>yer (R.A. Na;Y.167!6:f:f?ec.f,9), !
,fe~uire~~. Jr %( (~:'"~~({Pf8./\Sec.
,tiJ,"11. ,!Jl0. R" h't t F·>- f · . 1
30)._ · ·. ·: ·
·, t I b
.:
· · ·
.·'

. · · ... ; , ·.· · · .,!~.·.'if .,R' : · ,(·\, •. 19 J. o_y~~·•f'!''.torass1s·a or_o_rgarn_zat1on

Not~: ,:he ~~ployer-1s -110l"";q1i1_ir~<;I- t~-,,.rov1ae4'P---<J~B~_RA. ~p;i'6?,;f.$ule IV, Sec. 1(j)), · ·.
· financial assistance f.2rp:,~ifi.~. educa~on '"~~-~ ~ml· ~1~~191'.lfto be ~r~111ete~.a -9?PY of the §mpl_oymen_t
' .. trai~i~gofthe.kasa~ba~~Y.:-~ essto·~~u~f!QEY"""-;""~=:e?i-~ c~niJ.act (IRiff:->f:l~J ~036.11 Rule JV;Sec. .. t(k));
· may mclude _financial as.:r;is~Di. attth~(optioi;i,d~f:Z!12.
· ·the Elmployer (/RR ofR.-Y...--S~c.~16, ~if,-l.2r.--
. . ·: ·. . · \-U .) \ . .
6. Be~t period. - ,The do~stic ,w~rker..if\)il~~~ ""ey
:.~·1s_.,/)Jt.ff:.
~'\.,~v'•.., ,~
R1g,~~k)~-\Qent1fica_te~.of e~~l?yrnent .(/RR,_ R.A.: .
-#)'aff.?~JRule.1~'{.,§.e;~, 1(1)), : . ·· · ·
l~l1'"'~.J~~·~fi0o.}'.efmina¥.1·th_e employment· (/RR,._ R.A.
Rt.le ./V,.s,{c: 1 (TJ1)); ·. ·. · . · · · .. ·
··

·
.

·entitled to ari·aggtegate dajfy r_estp~rioioJ.?~...,>.,~-~~""R1gptto/xer¢}~~,;theirown Eeli~iou_s beliefs and

; (8) hours per d_ay (R.A. No ..~0391, ·sf!!?.:· 2(>);~~C -:::-----\,~~yltU!:,<jll. pracllcf!)S (/RR, R.A. 1036.1, Ru(.e, fV,,
· · · · · ·· \· · · '"' ~ 1El~Se9r1(JJ1)· :,I. · · ..
'. T~e-.<Jon:,esti.cw0tker;,~aU_als~~e.~~tf~l7-a~t~--.:,;~_,,!5:""'r~fi{l(~uJc,"o/~~e - l:t1e ·minimum wa~e. of
_- .. -~e~st f~_enty:-four (2_4) _consfc.~trv.~~ut.sj~ ~~t· .·,, :-.ir" ii,. ~q~ft!_es~workers sh'alJ n0t be ·less. th,an · the
.. , 1n · a_. w~ek. Tb_e: emploY.eir· <;'_nd_ th_e~·i,{e_st1c · l\rtf''\_)folJ~ing·:., .. · ·· · · · .. ·. · ·
, : · · . · ""'.~rker'S!lall'c;1gree _iri _writing _ori ,the scheat1le,..Qf=.-c--~~ · . ·• ·• . ~- · · . · . .
: the: wee.!dY.·.rest".day pf- the. ·~qm_e$tiC.worker: . · · · ·MinimumW~ge,ofPc;,mestip Workers .
·Provided;: th.af.the . empldyer shau'_ resp~ct the · · .. ,. . . . : . . ·, ,.- .. ·: · .. · . • . · . . ' ..;, .
iof
. p_refe_reQ~e ;Jfle,.: doniesti.C?.:work~r-.·as . tp" . th~ .
·weekly r.est diw.When.such·prefeterice is based
9ti t~iiglous ·grounds. N0thir1g ·in. ~his...pro:vi~i911 "NCR. (Wage-Qrder No. :P3;SQO.
_st\aU :·d~prive ·-t~ ~orriestic· "i._vor~er _a!lc!. the .. . NCR-DW-o'1) .
. emp(pyer from.agreeing. to the followjng: · .~~~+-~~~-=-~~~~
: . a.·.· Offsetting a day "of absence 'wflh particular . a Chartered,.citi~s & Tifst' ~·
class· mtinicipalities · ·. :
· · ··--! ·: _..• ·
P2, QOO ..
· . . rest day; : .: ·. · . : : · · · .. · · . .. . . ~· . . . .
· ·· b. · Wai,;,)~g a_ partic~l~~ ·("~st.day in _r~tur,n.f9r.ai:i- ·
. ·. equivalent daily rate of pay; Otl)~r r~·{unicipaiitie~' \ .. · P1 ,500 : ·· .. ·
· . '. · . . . . . .. . . . ~
_ : . c;:· A<:_cun;i~iating resi days riot exce~ding five (R.~. No. fQ361, ...Sec. !4)., . ·_- .·. ··.
. . . · . (5} 9ays;: or. : ··. . . . . :. ·. : .. · · · .
· • · ·' d::. ·other. slm.i!ar arr~ng!3'!)~nts · . (R.A. . No. Note~ The·foll;wing rule~ ~~RjY f6~·the p~yment ·
···.. . ·10361, Se.c. 21);_· · · ._ ·. :· . . of wage.s..... ·. ':_··.: . : -. .. . . . . · ..
-a. Payment ),f wages shal.l be made· oi:i time ·
·7_: . ~ervice- Incentive Leave.·- A qom.estic worker
direptly to tl=le aomestfo w<?!~er to whorn they
at
. ~-- who ha$.rend°ere~f leasfor:i~(1.) year.of SerNice· are due in Gash at least oi:ice-a month (R.A.
shall be.entitled to an anriual ser.vice iriceritive '25)~ . '·. .. .
·leave· o~ five ~5). days,wi~ pay: Pr9vided, that
No. 10361, :Sec. . . -

326 1 · 201~.SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZEf? BAR ·oPl:8,t\TION~

 ·SPECI.A·L G·RoU·PS
SAN 8£PA l.;'IW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERAnous - 'MEMORYAJD 2019

b'. No· .ernployer shall pay the wages of .a 4. The domestic worker shall be entitled to at least
domestic worker by means of .promissory . 2~· consecutive pours of rest in a week.(R.A. No;
notes, vouchers, coupons, ..tokens, tickets, ·. 10361, Sec. 21).,
.· chits, or·,,,ny object other than the cash wage
· (R.A. No. 10361, Sec. 25);· · . · Not.e: The employer. and .the domestic.Worker
c. ·.lt:st:iall be unlawful for an employer; directly shall agree in writing on. the schedule of ttie
· ... or indirectly, -to, withhold the wages of -the . wee~ly .res.t day' of )J:ie domestic work~r. The
domesticworker (R.A No. 10361, soc. 28); employer. shall'· respe,ct the :prefer~nce or the
and. · .· ·dome$.tic.worker as to the .weekly.rest day when·
~- It shall be. unlawful for the employer to .su.cb·pr~ference is ~a~·ed dn .religious. groun't!s .
interfere' with ·the freedom of 'the (R.A.N<i. .103611• Sec. ~1);.c1nd· ··
' · .. • kasaml)ahay in. the disposition·. ofhis/her
wages) such as: . . 5 .. The d~me;tio· worker shali. ~· entitled to' an
. i;. .- Forcing, compelling, or . obliging. 'the _aggregate Qa~y rest.period ~f eight°(8) ho~rs per
· · kasamb~h,W to.purchasemercttandlse, day (.R.A. No . ._10361, .Sec. 20). .
· commodities. o~ other properties . from · · ·. · · ' · · .. -; · ..
·tAe employer or from anyother pers9n;. . .Pr~hibitio.n on DepQsi.t for LO.SS or. Damage
or . 1!. shall be unlawful. for the. employer -or .any other
· ii. : Mak.ing.useof any store or. services. of person ·ID'· require a : domestic worker ta make
.f·
, ... . - such employer" or 'any other. person· A deposits. from wtifoti deau~tions shall be· made for.·
·"". ·, '. (Piohi/Jifion· on. lnteiff;!t.eT?ce.. 'in t(!('/},( .. the 'reimtiursem,ent of. 'joss or dc3ri')age 'to fools,
·... Disposal ot . Wages) .(JRR_, R.A.. ·1~9/,f.~?il jnatenals.• furniture a·~d equipment in the househotd
\. . .. 1036t Fju/e. /V, Sec. fJ). .: · . '. · -l+·tJO :,·'.,). (R.A., No.· 1_()361, Sec, 14). . . , .
',:· . e. The employer shall at all times prov1de'<t~~,,,,.···';'t...-:-, . : .,,-.., . .. . .. ·. · · . ·
{ ,kasambahay with .a. copy of. the ~~yf$1!Ji1i;:•.jf:.',c:.e~~~iJ,l~_IY~gains.t Deductions . · ..
~t.
f
(F\Xm BK-2) containing the ·c1m,J?g_!'J,-pa1dm;.- hi
casti every p~y. day! and (;iDdi~tihg ~11,;-,~l·
Gh~i:ieraFr-utw.. Other than those n:iaodated by la..y,
t. ~ em.ployirr:s;tiallnot.deduct any amount from the
\ deductions made, if-any. The.,i¥m~J\l?Yer-~h2,11,.,.)..l;j.. wage of .ttieli~~sainbahay. wittiout his/her'·written ·
P't
,.!,.·:.·

·., . ·.· ·.·..·

;keep. c<;>pies of the pay slie,s>tpr ij! •p;er.lbd·.of
. ·. .
three (3} years (/RR, R.A(<#"o. ftJ3'€f.1:,;;;rRu/0
v J·· ~'
¥·.~,
J•
1. l[ : \
consent o7(fa{i_th{')ri'tation (!RR of R.A. 'No: 103!51,
Sec. 6 ;j .
'I II · ' r ~
·.'> ·. ·.
't; . . . · . · . . · .. _
· . ·.
: ·. .
. _
·..
·\: . .,' ... · ·. ... . . . ·
V, Sec. 2).
0 . · 'Y,-,-:,· ·,~''ri. ·· · ·,:·:.N ,.;, · ·i/ , .. 1 ·
. ~:/v ~:i:-?)~~) . ~J~1 riis: '. .Exce_~!}~!)~v,R.w.~11~irigcie~ucti?nS ~re allo"".ed:'
.16. Th.e dom~s·t,ywo~~e~~hall b~:-.~.ntt!J.ec:J.'ff!'.~11Ol~~..~. r.::.4 1.. · Dech:!cli.Qn§.:..ar-~:. ~ll.9wed !f tl:iere JS. a wntten
.·. b.en~fits .un.der. ex1s.ting rawit.·ff!-(6"!.!'(V9\\1036J11: .r;;J · · _ agree.~e~t to.suc~·detlucti?.n;· '. . . :
· Seq. 30); · · . <..., · \ .. ljt· . · , ·):·~:,.:~~ Co.n.tr1bu~1ons ti:> .SS~!. Ph1!Health o~ Pag~l~IC3
( • • J • ,1T1t .. , · · .r-Q,A No · 10361· ""ec· ,.,,0,1.· · ·
· . ~ . . .. • . ~ · -~~ ..... - : : _.,- .: :,'-·.-: ... ft.".11.lt;ili".'"~ ~ ... · .· 1 u~ ·; ~ /I .. : ~ . -· .·
· ;1:-enns and.Conditions of Emplo¥me'.nt:.. /:'~·~a:.!!.;..t@~Fo.f)J.ocm~ the employer may de.duct the loans
. ···f: · Tb~.·employ>er spall saf(:!'gliard. the~'rtiealth,'.\~nd. · .. - , provided: · ... · ·. :· ·. ~ ·· .
: · . ·,S~fe~f o~·..the .c!omestic worke~· in :~~lr~anc~ . . . ·· ·~·: , There !ihould be a wntten'sgr.eeme·nt;~·and._ .
· with laws,. n.il.es· and.· regulat1or:i.s. ~ith:,due .b.: The·amountd~doctedshall.notexceed·20%. '
., ... . . cons.id~ratiorfof the 'peculiar nature of dome~tic· · ,· - of tt,i;ka$amlfahay.'s.month.ly salar.y: (iRR of·.
µ·:. . . . ~ork· (R:A.·(:Jo: 10361,:.Sec. 19);' ,. . .. . .. .· ·· RA./liq.·103{}1, Rufe IV, Sec:.·f1);. •
;· • 1 • 2: .. E;x1ent ·of P.li!Y -· The doines'tic worker and ·the . · ·· · · ·"
' · .. ~mployer may mµtuaJly: agree for th·e former to : ~ote.:.Th.ep~ov'.islo~on lo~~ a_ssi~*irice·does nbt ·
' temporarily· perform a task . .that .is ·outside_ the. .' apply _to ·work_lr:ig' children (/RR of- R.A. . No.·. ·
· latter's· household ·tor the ben.efit of anolh~r .. 103~·1,-Seai.10).. · · ·. · ·
. ·: h6usehold'{R.A. .No: ·10361, '.Sec. 23j..
... ·, . . / ~ ··· ..
: 4:·. For loss.ancf damage.: .the em.ployer maydeduct.
· ... ,N,pte;.~Any .liability\~a~ will b·~. in~urred ·!:>,,.-.the · · as. ]ong ·c1s. tt,e followi.ng ..conditions· are :met:·
domestic· ·worker on account ;.,of such · (~QAD) . .. : .. ·· . · .·· ·. . . ·
.. ·.~ · .: ar'rangei'n~nt . 'shall be borne by the·. 9rigihal .· a. The· kasatiibahay' is clearly ·sl'iowri-..to be .
. :·:employer·(R:A. N9. ·10361, .Se,e.. 23) .· .. · . . ·. ·.B,esponsible for. the:lo~s or;da·mag.~; . · ... : _.
... . ,, . .. . . ;. . . . . . ·.· : ·:-.. . ·. . . . . ~- .. . b.~ .The Xa.sambaliay is .'.9iven' .)easonaole.
· :3.:.Assignment to: Household··Work ~ No domestic · . Qpportunity .to sMw. i,yhy. dedi.JcUon ·sliquld
. . worker shall be: assigned . to. work .. ·jn ·a i:lot be made; . :· . . . ~
. ·· c·omn,erci9i, .ir.iduitrial -or agricultural ·enterpFise c. · The total Amol:Jnt of such deductio.ns is fair.
. at a ·wage·.rate 'lower th:an· that 'provided for and reasooabre· and shall. not excee.d. the .
.. : actu~r l.9ss or· dam.agef; and· .
. agijcultural or nonagricultural .worker (R.A. No.
10361, Sec, 22); and · · ·
'· . . . ·,
· ..

2019 SAN BED.A L!'W CENTRALIZED.B~ OPERATIONS I 327

 S·PE,C·IA'L GROUP.S
SAN BED.I\ LAW CENTf!ALIZED !MR OPERATIONS:~ MEMORY AID 20,9

d. The deduction from . the wages· of the 2.·· l(the.ci'uration lsnot determined, the employer
'kesembettey. Qoes not exceed . ·20%,
his/her wages in.a month (/RR of-R.A._ No. ·
or : or kasambqhay may give 'notice to end the
relationship five (5.) dayl:; before. the Intended
_ 10361, Ruley, Sec, 6j:· terrnlnation of employment (R.A No: 10361,
: 'Sec. 3-2). ·
·Prohlbition on Debt Bondage
It shall-be unlawful for the e'mployer or any person . Te;mination qf - Em_ployment by. the . Domestic
. acting O!) beha.Jf :of the employer'. place th~ lo · Worker:· · · · .... · . · · . _.
domestic WOrkE1r under debt bondage (R.A, _ !'Jo. .. · Tfil:l · Kasarnbahay _ may terminate the employment · ·
10361, .Sec. f5i . · .·. '· relationship 13t ·any time before the explratlon of the
contractfnrany ot.ttiefollowinq causes: (VIC~VAO)
Note·: Debt · Bondaqe refers 'to. the' rendering · · of ·· a. · ~erbal or emotional .abuse of the .. domestic
servlce' by the -, domestic: worker as security or · . worker by the employer or any member of
payment. for . .. a. debt. where .the
. ·lengtl)_ and nature . of . th.. e· house· hoId ;·. · . .. .: . . ·
· serv!ce i_s ~ot clearly d~finE:d 9r_wh~n the val\;l_e 0_f_the . . · · -b, · [nhuman treatment including physical abuse
service rs·n_?t reasonably appl.1~d in the paym.e_ntof : · ·. of the-domestic worker by the employer or ·
the debt (R.A, Ne?;_ 1036_1, Sea.. 4(a)J.. . _ _ .·· . anymember c;,f thehouseholo.. ·
Rights and Prlvileqes of Employer; '(r;:>ERT) . r • . • . _c.. ~ommi~sio~·,of 'acnme or offense agaiil~t...
, 1. To require submission by the ~asamb'fJha~of:=~~"""-- .the domestic worker·b}'.·th~ e.mpl.oyeror any
··
.ro
2 ..
pre-employment Qocuments; .:
recover deployment gxP.er:ise.~,?. · ~. . \(_ ..•
-~ , 1f J· f:.V,
.,.\ £'~m.elT)~er of the household: ·
d:f ¥~0J~t1on~Y t~e -~mployet of the terms and
· · . .:

. 3. .To demand,,Beplacement; and,,f.': ,.~,-~ ·.....~,?"·i;..~......_~.9p991l~-.Rs of the er:r]ployment-'.(?o~tract.and

4. To Terri')inate employment ,.§fBR· of~ .~"':" No. _..: .. · -~~otne;.-ft~~:~c1r.ds ~.et_f~rth under this law, ·.
10361, Rule v, sec: n. ff·,~ ,;_,,,,,,.~ .. '.'"~•.,,..e-:,.;)~t~J\~!&_ec\S~ preJudrcial_to t~e health of th~
. · ·· . ·f t::J.-...., ;. ·. {/. · ID) . JF "'W" . \do.me_s\iQ VKOtker. ·. -~he erf.lployer, . or
f" .. '?!-
frivlleg~d. Information ·;/
All commu.nioation and ln_for~l~~-.qertainfj)Jlto the
·o/
employer or membets of. t,liie.Jlous_~.hold~shall_ b~ '.:".,..
treated· as t>~vi.leged·and ·c9,h'ffa-ei:1tfa1;·and if~aif~
l

be publicly ·disclosed.by ttfegd3>~:~sti9w~~r;i:11J"ril'\g:~itmat':-~te;,

ir -~~': A:·
rF'.f~,. · .
~i-A. U"em'·~.hls tbe he>usehol~; ?Ind_ . - ·
f. ~ther ;~~~e.,&'\rnalogousto tne foregoing

, 1 ,~,?' · · · : . i \ . : } . ·•
JJ~i· f'J~· Soc. 33). -
.- : .

. . ·_ .
- · ·: · · ·
f=: ,!!!!! W,'fh~V~~1s_t!fi~d- ._Any_.ur:ip~r<-! sal;:1ry_· ·
and af~er·emµloyrnt;int. SUC'J? T1tivll~9M Y.Jt~\JJ.atifill·":;...-.C: due. not·?~~- tdi~rr!he~e.~uryalentof -1~·days,~hall·be
shall be inadmissible in ·eviq;e;Fl~~cep'.'~~b~t ij\'e~· j ~rfei~j .... me Jempl0~er my rec9ver · from . the
s~it involve~ th~ -~~ployer .i\..~ny·tt1em~~~tti,~~)- 10!J.~_sP1P.... 9!!;9 y_.t~~ ...d~pl~ me~t ~xp~nses, lf any, if the ..
house.ho!~ m a.}:l'!me p~a,n~,! -p.ers'h~~; ~~); :. ..:; ] ,;P,,Z·{~t~as~termrnat,~- w1th_m~1x (6) rnonths from_-
. persoa_al ~iberty ~nd ·sE:c;:un~ •. and ~hasll\¥·fR' _.. ~~- "'e ·f'!/
fm~')}~R.A 1036.1;s_ec: 32). · _ .. _ :
scrrn"'f.:
fl,

10361, Sec. 10), - , · '\.. · .,, · . 1:-,- /_ : /._,~ · - . - .

.. . 1 •• •• • .• ·-. cs;:,~ . · J' ,-i:~ · ·-. . .,.__, (!.i~ati\rJ...!,.~ate'i:tby·the Employer · · ·. _ .:_. .
Renewal_of CQntra~~ . · . ~~..(...;,,Q.t.,~-~=-""'!-~~:{~!n.e.\9~.P. may· te~lriate ·the. _e~ployment
· Th~ parties ~ha!I· ex~~J.!.te a ne.w corltr~ct~~[b.e:.1'.~. ,fl', ~l~t~~~~at.apy, tin:re .before the .~xpiratron·of the
- reg1st~r.ed with. th~ cqncem.ed baraoga~'l~!l;l_ey l V jJc~u~cf·for-.any:.of the foll9win~. cause.s~ .(MGFC~ ·.
mutually agree to . _cohtinue their emj)loymen1=~'\7,AO). · ·: . ., .. · .
..relatiqnsh_ip(JARofR.A No. 10,Jf;J, Rule.11;.'Sec. 8)'.· :. · · .. a.. Misc_:_6riduct.::6r ·willful diso.bedience ·. .by -the ..
· · · · -· · ·dorrie.sti~, wor!<er of th.e lawful . ord¢r ·of .. -th~ .
I( the p·artie.i;;fail. to .exec;:ulea new contract, .the ter~s empl9yer in connection.with tl)e ·for{Fler:'swork; .
and_ eondifions of .the 'orig1nal ... c9nfract :arid, ·other b.· .. ·Gross·'.or habitual ·n·egl,f?Ct·,Orinefficier.icy by the·.
improvements granted during. th'e. effectivity of safd . :domestic.worker-in the performance·of duties-;·
·contract are.deemed-renewed (IRR.ot'R.A .No. c. fratld oi-'willful breach of-thefrust reposed.by
1.0361,· ~q.19. ll ... Se"b. _B)~. · -. .4' •. . ·J· .t~e _emplOyer-011 th;e .donie.s.tlc WOrker.~ -_.; .. ·
. Note: Domestic ,work~rs cannot acquil"e r~g~larity of . . d. . ',&cim.missjon of . ~ .. crime ..or. offens~ l:?Y. the.·.
'employment. All the '';ndi'cia .of regularity.·remain dOTl")eslic,.worker' agajnst ,the perSOl'.f·.Of ttie>
employer. or ·any 'immediate_ m·ember Of' the.
abs.entJn· :.t~e E;mpl_oyment pf -don:iestic ·helpe'ts . emp[oyer's"f~mily; .... ·· _ .. · . ,.. · , . _
(CH.Al:', f?ev,e.weron tabor Law). · . . . · _ e. ~iolatioR _by_ the dom,estic worker of the ·terms
Pre•T~rmin~tio.:, ·o'i Empi°oy,n~nt: . . . _. .and-·conc;litioris of the. etnploYJllent confr.apt and- :.
1, If thEf p~fiOd· of .<imploym~'rit-is specifi'<:id in tfle ·other standards set forth .u·nder'thi°$.law; · _· · ·
.·.co~tract. the parties may ·m.utuany- agree upon t: - &ii ·disease ·prejudicial tc;, · ttie ·health of .ttw
. notice to ~en:ninate' the' cont'ra¢t··of-emplpyment domestic 'worker. the 'emplo.yer: or'n,ember/~ of
before'.- the · expiration of the · term .(R.A: No. the househoid; and ·. · ·... . ·
10361, .Sec. 3'?), g .. Qther ·causes ·analog'~us ·to ·the foregoing. (R:'A.
· .· No. 10361, Sec. 34). . ·: . . • . ·
........

328 I 2019 SAN'BsDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS

 -· . .....

SPECIAL GRo.u~is
SAN Bt~A-LAWCEN_TIW.IZEDBAfJ OPERATtq,N,s- MEMORY.AID2019

Note: Effect When Unjustifit:d.:... Employer shall pay.

the kasambahay the earned compensation plus
.. Motion for
Rec~riside~~tion . .
Ariy aggrieved party may. file to the Reg_ie>~al Director.
indemnity.iri .. the amount equivalent to.15.days work .. a. MR from the compliance order ow1fh1h ten (.10)
(R.A. No. 10361,_-Sec. 34}.. · daysfrom receipt thereof (/RR of ~.A. No_. 10361,
RuJe·x1, $ec. 3). · r: · ·. . . •.
~mploy~r's Unlawful Acts: (C2D3W)
~· · TJ:l~ following ..a~t~ are dee.lared ~nlawf~I: · · Appe'al . . .
". ·. · · 1. Employment ·of ~hi.ldren below 15 years of ·age;- Issues unresolved· through .. settlement shall be
k 2.- ~harging. 'aoother houifohold for temporarily .. referred to ·the proper D.OLE. Regional Office for·
f perfO!lfl~d task~ . . decisions. Th~ resolution ·of ·t1\e. MR 'may . be
-;, 3. · lnterference-lnJhe Qlspos.al of ttie wages of the appealed to the Secr.etary of DOLE Within 1.0 'days
tr,_. . .. ~asambahay; ·: . . · ., . from receipt thereof .. The .decision of the Secretary
~- A. 'Requiring Qeposits fot leis~ damage; · . · : or .. of OOLE shall be final andexecutory (/RR oi n»:
t . s·. Placing the Kasarnbahay.llnoer:Debt tfondage; : . · No. 10361; Rufe.Xi, Sec. ?J.: . . .
~ ·. '6. ·· Withhol~ing of Wages.a~ the 'KasambatJaY:(IRR
i·· · ·
tJ•
·
•
ofR.A.
•
No. f0361,
•
Rule XII, Sec. 1). I •
·. · other Case.s ·. · . .
'f Ordi nary crimes or, offenses committed· by either
·{· .· Rescue and. Rehabilitation. of Abused. Domestic party underfhe RPC and other -speciat :penal- laws ..
Worke.rs e- • . • • • • . . • shall be filed with tne:a.ppropriate courts .-(/RR.et R.11.. ·
Any abusedor exptojted domestic. worker ,shall be· /~ . No. 1.0361,' R4/e XI, Sec. 3). · , . .
immediately rescued. by a municipal ~r city socj;:i(';;:J ·. ·· . · · :_ , ..
.welfare. o!(icer ?.r· ~ ·
so_c(a1. we!f~re offic_edr.omf t~~r'f-i-:1,\. . · .. · . . . , · ·
. D$yYD m 'coordination _with the· c_oncern.ed_bara~Q~t~·tJ'(\ . . · ·. · .. · · · : . ··
officials_. The.. DSWD .and the DIL~ shall·dev.el~p ~-=.; ,·:·;l, .,~": ~PLOYM.ENT OF.
standard operating. procedure for the. resc1:,~,ar{9p'fl";,-11; ~.c~:,;:,,--,?f,fOMEWORJ{ERS:
· rehabilitation of .abused .domestic work~_r-s'_,(.1and· in:;,' f'il. · · . · . ll · . . . ~-.., _ : .. ·
coordination with the DOLE. for possit,il{(c;ubsequerµ_kD ,f ., y,, · . .

' . ..
[ob placement (f:?.A.
_··~ec_h~nism f.or s~t~lei~e~t ~f~~~es·;~~
/lf0· }036t'.:Sf!c.. ftl~11.__ '·
~}' ~ Ti~-\l~_-. ' .·~-~O~E~};
. . 61'~ ~
,fl

·... ,.fh :_
CHAPTE°J ~'\·IV:·.

ER\
EMPLOYMENT·

. · .· .· '. :_ · .. .' ·
·

.
OF

: .
.
. A11· 1a.1?o.r-r~lated_ d1:>p,~tes. _Shf!1~E!e·.me-:cJ::,p.etore tt}y.~.·
D~LE F.1eld/Provmc1~1/R~g1011a( ·=Offl~e~.-h~!!),9. ·
·ART;~~~ ~~1JLATlbN ·OF .INDSUTRiAL
-··HOMBWO.RW:,EiR~"~~r ··
ri
r~ , . ..
t;i. · · · :-,..,·. ,,~,,· •:..f;: .
jurisdictiqn ove.r ttie workplace"/Sych~i$p~1es.sf.i~lt;
. go through . J.tie -~0-day. mandtton,;::69tj'.~ilialiool :( r ·
'I. rnd_us.tria~ ffomework IS a. ,sy~tem of. product1~n
. 111ediati.ori·Jo exhaust all .efforts·toP--se~~m~t (!RR ~: ~f-un~_~r .which_- work. for a.n empl_oyer or_ co~tract_cJr_1s_ ...
· .

· ofR A ·No 10361. Rufe xr:·sec 1) , !.;\.-·/~. ·: · :·

.,~"~.l~S:t out-by a . .hor.newo.fker _at h1s/~er. hpn:ie.
• • .' • : > •• : • . • • ' • :· •• _.'· ~ :.·. _ .... ~! ;:.~·-
'.61;~.1tt'.·g~t.~ri31~:t·!J1.~~- or 'may .. npt __ be ·.fumishect .by the :
Note, Th.e Regional birector has Jurll!ictioi\i'Q"ver : ·: ·. employ~r or c~mt_ractor~. lt,d1ffer~ n:or;.n reg~lar tae:tory
. simple: money . claims· ·:of
·a .·J<asari{~Ji~f not . . pmdu9t1on ,ppn_c1p1:1Uy· IO.:·lhat. ,)\ I~ <-'.' ·cjE:,e,entrah~~d · .
, ....
cXCeculngA.M· · ·p5·0· 0·0· . ·. a·n· a·: th,_c; com p 1-al·0r":---a·•0.,..e·s·
n Ot.· · form· of. _product1or.i
. · where
.. there· · 1s ord1nanly
: · very
· ·. · little
·· ·
. ·· 1 · d · · 'tat-emen't
me u __ e reins _ : ,. ""
t.tABOR-CODE Ar{ 12- r .
. . , .. ,.. .
superv1s10n or· reg_ulatiqn _of methoos of work (D:O.
9
/Vo: t}$-g2, $ec. 2(a)) ....
.~ompliance ..Qrder ·.. : . .
· In' ca·sa·. the·· parties .. fa1I to :reaGh,-a seWemenva ·
",JiOIJle .is any ~OOrTI.: ·house;--ap.:ir!IJ'ler:i_t Or .othe~_·.
·premises. u~ed rt;!gularly. iri whole ·or· \n .part,· as
. mandatory:coriferer,ce .not :exceeding 30 da.ys' shall·
. dwelling. place·, . e><cepf those' . situated·· within. th~.
b.e,.. · :_.' 6on_c;t4cte~ .... · ·;. ·by_. ·. . . the.. ·.. bbl~
Field/Provinci~I/Regional Office "fro'ni the ·referral .of · ·
'premis"es ·or cpmpound of -~r
·enrploye.r; ·contractor.:.
· S!,!b-ccintraC:tor, and· ttie work . performed: therein .is. . .
t~e. u_ns~ttl~d· di~p.!,,jfe (iRR ~-A, No. 10361, Rule . of ~he
XI, S~C, 2)- .. · · · . . .. , . · · i. : · Under qCtiV~ personal' superviSion:by or. fQf' the .
. · latter (lf{R ofl.AB9R.· Cb[!E,. Boo~ I~/, Rule Xl\(,. s_ec. ·
2(c}). .. : · · · . · . ·. · . · · ·
N~te: T~i3_-30~d.ay.perj;d.n~fer$ ·toJhe time'Within . .· •\

which the mai"ida_to·ry confei:~nce shall.b~. _c9.nd1,1ct1;1d

·' N,ote: .. Ruie stiali appiy to E!ny. homeworker ....,ho .
from referral;· af)d· not the· length/duri:ttioli of. the .
4.
< •• . '. ~r(orms, in. or. about tiis home, ·any P.rocessiri_g· of\
. cori{erencEritself.{L.k No.· 17-'18, 'item VJ). ·: .. - .
?·' . . \ . . :: ... ·goods··or rtlateri~ls, in whole or !n part, whlch'.have
:r.:
·.·.
. The " DO~E.-Re'gional Director ·shall. · issue a .
bee·n fumished,"directJ.yor indire<;tly, by an employer
anc;I ttiere~fte·r to .be returned: to the· latte·r .'(tRR of
z.: . C6mp.liance Order within 1.0 days suai:nission from LABOR- CODE_, BO_OK°III,Rule Xiii; Sec. 1), . .
J.; Of the case for resol!,Jtion (/RR, R.A. No. 10361, Rule·
if;'.. XI, Sec. 2).. · . . . . - .
,· . ....
'::"·> ..

2019 SAN _SEDA LAW CEN_TRALIZED_S-AROPE~TIONS 1--32~

,....
 WI PRil &IJFIIWH ·e- Ofl&ei

S'PE.CIAL caouos .
.. SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERAT/0{'/S'; MEMORYAID.2019 .
) . tsia+9 M Wfi . . !S3P8i47 VMPf UiilGWNiPGWl~IMW AC t&i@I 92512

Househelp~rs-~; Hol'l'.leworkers - grant~d .by_law to legitimate lal;>or 9rganizations ·

. ..
• ( • #

upon issua11ce of the certificate of. ·regi~tration

.. .~
A ~hous·~-lielper. mirJ.iSters
to the personal. needs
and c;b,mfort of his
employer in,. the fatter'~
hOme (/RR .of.the Labor
<;ode,.'Book Ill; Rule XIV,
sec. 1, pa'r: bJ.
: : .~ (P.O. No. 05-92, Sec. '4); and. · ·
.. '
A 'homewoiker perform~
·rn or aboufhis-home any 3. P<!ymenf f~r. Home.woFk' ...: lm_mediately upon . ·
processing.or f.abricatipn · receipt: 'bf. ttie firish~d goods-:-or articles, the
of _good_s 9r rnaterial_s, !_n employer· shall pay for tl'\e ·wor.k.perform_ed. less
whole· .or. io pa,t, · ':"'hich c9tres.por)ding homewo.rkers', share of SSS,
hayEi . oeeri .fu.rnis'hecl:' . MEDICARE, and ECC ·premium contributions
directly· or .indirectly by . . . . . which shall ·be "remitted by the· emp1·o"yer to "the0

an · .. emplpy.~r .. ' and . SSS With the'eirnplpyers'. share" (D.b. No. 05-92,
Sec. 6). _· . . .. .
·thereafter · sold or
returned ... {o . the latter
(iRR dfthe Labor Cod.e; Note:· Homeworkers shall· recei\ie not less than
E'oqk OJ; Rule XIV, Sec. ·ther prescribed' rnlnlmurn. wage rates ·U~d~r 'the
.2(a)).· . . · · ·· Regional Wage Orders for normal wor:king hours
which shall not exceed eiglit.(8).tiours a day or
. ? · proportlon : thereof ,'(201.9: Handbook . on
· ,· · . : · - . . . . . · __ · Worker;s Monetary Statutory Benefits; P- 10}.
~Where· Co~pl_~ints sh_ould be .filed : ....
1. : Money cl~1ms:·.bf homeworke~
~:,,:.t~~-.--;=u-.~~~~.. ·. . '.: . : .
n~e~CElj~pmg · ., .· =b)slu$t_iqps.,~ .
·. · . . , . · .
<: . . .··. . .
. pq,000 per homewor~er 7 .Reg1.~fQ-~~ftt.or.,:.="';'~£ fi!TIPJO~r~~f?.ontrador, or ~ubcOntractor ·shall
. · 2. · Beyorid_P5,000 7 t-:JL.:RC: (D.9r;ff· Q~2rSec.· . ·.. dedtl~_fr(e"!TI t-.ip.~'.e.wo~er!searnings for the v~lue o_f
.. 10). . · . · . . ·fr_¥')/~~. .~--: -mate~r..!?IS\._~1-lh~~-bee_rrlost; d~str~yed. sorl_e_d or
.-Prohibited
. , - .·Homework
· .: · . · f./'J:.F" :~.
·t·. · J'oJ ·. i .. -~Jberw1'~<3'~~~~. · nless _the .follo\\fmg conditions
"'~;:)!f'·. f. . I· ... · 1 1tt£finet:\ · .· \·f . ·. -'. : .· · ·
!':JO homework _sh13II· be pertofm~d .~f th·~· i0ilowrng: .
).. The ~ome"¥-Qfk,~cRncern~d'Is clearlyshown to
(DEO~.: ·. . # ,..-7;:lf.· .· r,- . 6e~spons1bl(~~!'e loss·or:damage; .
1 .. Qrugs ~nd p~isons;. · /f"r4:;·U: .· .. · "\~"'.,_r. L
. 2~~1hif8 h~"!li~ork,ri is ·g1ve_n. ·. reason~ble:_
2. _sXplOSJVeS, fireworks a1:d,S_!,I.Ujlff art1clef; ar:if{. . - _ opp9~rnty .!]0'~St-j8W cause- WJly _dedUCbO!']S
3. Q'ther.ar:ticles, t~e i:iroc~ssi~~-f w~iclJl:requ,_r,~~5~,- ; .. ~h9-W.9J>tb~·r:r)a_d,·e :'__ . .' . ·. .
. e.xposur; tq tox,c subst~qef( _R ':J.ifi/r.t:E;,'f',ij· ;'!r'11ie~ou,t~~,:;sc,;h deducbo~. 1s fair and ,
.. · C~<je,:B~Qk.111~, Rul~Xl~\~-c~:~- .. -~~-~-.
AR"f-lCJ;E 152: ~EGULATIO~._OF'.'~~R 7 .·~~
J~~4;t:~r:~~t
decrtfction_: { made·-}lt·s~cti rate 1bat th~
:··1r ~~~:e~ce~~-the ~~:ual los~

. OF .LABOR _· . . .. . .. ''.\, . . ~- · ,<."'r:~E·;~ ~t\ ~§hi·o~f dedµcti!d ~~~s._not:e?(o~ed-2.0% of the

T~e ·rilles ancj_rngylatlons to .b.e~1ssue.'d,;$b,~!l~~Rji>fl)e~,Jket~eamrngs rn a.week (D.O,·No. 05-:.
dE:s!g.n~d to ~ssure _the· m11:1mtl~: ,.t6~~!~~.io:-~i:J;:2{~e ,..,- Blf'. .. . . ·. .· . ·.-~. · · .. · · ..
· tc;mditions qf employment apphyable~t.Q,-:ifl'~sp:1al.. 1,, 1,f ,\. \~_\.~ ;:/~ . . .. . · · . , . , . .. . . ·..
·homeworkers -1or field. persori_nel ihv.olveq':'(-~.~.QR.. J:v ~jJ,£-~ 53:'QISTRIBUTIOl>I -QF. HpM_l;WORK ·
f9DE, Art .. 152) .. : ,·. :. ::· ·. . ·.. · ';. :'.~"°"""~~ployer,. ~f:'·Hom_eW~rkE:r$-· 1s, any- n'.'1tu_ra! :?r .
. :··. _. · . · . · : .. : · .. · . ·.. artifjgii:ll pers·an_whQ, for·tils'.oyvn·account.or bene.f1t,_·;·
·Rights and .Benafit_s· of.Homewor'!<ers ... · · ; · ·. · or _on behalf _pf_ any ·person ·r~sidfn·g ou~side-Jhe
V :Right ,t<?. ·seff,Organiza~ion. - Ho.meworkers.' . · PhiliJ>pin~s.- qirecuy.: or• indir~ctly,_ pr· through any .
. . . shall :·have· the ·rigrt ·,~() form, ,join .. o~:· ~ss~~t,.. . employee.~agent, CO!""!th;ic.tor, .sUjHOfl.tr.actor; or ~ny.
· ·organizations.~ oJ th~ir. ··Own-. choq$mg, ·,~ .. other petsor,: . · . .. . · .
· ac.cordance,With!aw;. : · . · .. . . :1-,. Delivers. -or caus~S·· -to· be deliv.ered any ,goods,
•; ••• • • • • • : '· • •• • • • : '· •• ' • • < articles or· maferials:to ~e prci.cesse<J;)n or about .
· . ·:: Note: D.O. No.-05-92,.repfacil)g Ri.!le XIV-pf.the a, home,",and thereaflE1J-to "!;,e. returned or to be
.. ~tiles lrnplemer:itlng· Boo_k.IJ l"cif'the labor' Cod_e. : . . . . 'disposed,of:or .disWb.U!~d in accordance with his ..
· ·. · . · -. _authQri:i"es the.formatio.n_an·d registr~tion qt labor , .dii:ecW:m";_ or·. .. ·
• • • organization ·,o_findlistrial, hom•eworkers.Jf als9 • I - • • • , : • , .

· . ·. :. · .· make's·explicit-' the ··etnpl,oyer's duty ..~Q _pay~an.d·... ···2. , Sells, any _goods. arti9le.s "or ·~a~e'riaJ~ ·fo_r ,ttie_
... .r.eh1itSSS,.PhilHealth and.EC.C pr~rt11u_ms 1D:Q. . · • :· pUfP95'3 of· having. ~l!9h.· goodi, · or .articles-
. · ..No .. '.05°9.21 Sec. 3). ··. ·.. · · · processed,.·in · pr abo~t: ~. home, and then.
~. · repurchases them ·.himself or .. through another · .
. 2; : ·Registr.ati~n of -Hon:ie""".orkers' Organizatia!"'·
.. ~ 'Any ·applicant home.worker orgar:iiiatio~· or·.
after ·such· prc:icessihg ·(O.O. No. 05-92,. Sec,
· ·2(d)). ·· . ·· · · · · ·
.association ~hall acquire legal personality,, .. and · ·
.shali be entitle·d.- tcHhe ·.rlgnts · arip .Pr1vifeges
'

330 I 2019 SAN.SEDA

.. LAW
. .
CENTRAUZED.,SAR
.. OPERATIONS
. .
 -. ,..
SPEC·1A·l GROUPS_·.
$AN B~DA LAW C~NTRALl~ED BAR OPf.R~ TIONS - MEMOR'r' AID :1019.

2. Facility for ~ating with potable d~ntsing water;

EMPLOYMENT OF NIGHT 3. Lactation station in required companies; . .
.t~·· '
&··
' .·_wo.RI~ERS.. ,· ' 4 ..
5. ·
Separate Toilet fayilitles·for men arid women;
.§Je·eping 6i- resting quarters in the ·establis_hment
(R.A. No. 101·51, Sec. 4); and . · ·
£:. CHA.PT~R V:
~}: · WORKERS
EMPL"l'QMEN:r. OF 'NIGHT
. · . · · .
··6. · Transportation from the work premises .to the
.nearest .point of their residence (D.0: No. 119-·
· 12, $ec. 4). . · ·
$:,.. 'Sec. 4 0/ R.A_' 10,1{51,. entitled #An Acf/~/lowing the
{. · Employment of Nig,ht .wort<ers, Thereby Rep.ea/ing · Right~ of Night'·W~rkers: (HTC-~2AD)
}t '. Articles· 1"30 and t 31· ot tire Labor· Code,· provides 1.. ~ight .to free .!:!E;?alth,.~sse.ssment:..
l : that a
new chapter is hereby insei-ted .att~r Book a: . Before· ·taking up assiqnment as · night
";!( . Three, _Title llt.. · worker.: · '
'I,,
b. At regu'lar'intervals.during such asstcnment;
.AAT.ICLE.·1·54·:: coVERAG_E· . · arid · · ·
, ;A.ll;j:iersons. iivho shall 'be employed or P,!'lrmitte.dor · c. · If they experience health: problems during
'.t: ' 'suffered to work at night during_ a period of not less ·. such an asaiqnment wh'icti are not caused: ·
·t' - tha~ sev"en (7) · consecutive hoLJrs •. .including the .. ' . . by 'factors ·other than· the, performance ,of
·interval. from midnight 'to five (5) o'clock i.~ the . ·right work (LABqR.COpE, A.rt~·155). ·
morning. Excepttho.seemployedIn: (FAMS).. . ,.._... · . · · · ... · . ·· .
1. fishing; . .. . I •-. • • • : • r;.-; 1'i. . · Nbte: With ~he exceptio~· of ·t~e fi.~dit:)g of
2, · ~gric.ulture;· · . ·. ... ·/'.''."\<t·.\ · · . unfltness for night work, .the fo:Jding of such
3. ·Maritime transport and inland navigation; ar,td··t;,' ~. ,,. \
4. §tock raising·{LABO/'.? CODE., Ait. 154).
· · -: , · · · . · · . .
v·,~~--'· <} · assessments shall be confidential and shall no;
be USE!.~0 their detnment, subjett_ to_ applicable
.f., ,../ '•·•n,·r-...,:~ompa.ny.,p61i¢ies.· (D.o:·No. -119-12, Sec. 3) ·
. . t ,.,../ 7,,,1~7', "r·~ . .- _·:f~"t'J,:-:-,-...~··,,; • . . . .
N1ghtWorke_r re ers to: . . · · . _,.,,,.._.., . '\j 1.-1 · ·~~· . .p,.-j· . . . , . ·. · ... · .
1. J;.ny' employ~d' person whos.e ~o~;,·(eqt,iire~t--J . . 2. Right 10..;:t-t_~e·Iransferred. to a s1m_1lar. !?b wh1_c~
· · _per:torman~e o(_ a substantial nurrl9efrof hoors q~,;.:'-i i they_ aJr Uf\ t~ _.work, wt)enever praGt1c~t;>le,. 1f
night wor.k .-.ytiii:h · excee'ds· a sp.e9tlj~ilin,~T,Ms 1,:) found liu?fit\',for w9rk du_e-. to health /ea~on~ .
. : iimitsh~II befix.ed by the :3e~1~efr-yof.J,:ji~,,after_
consulting the workers ..r.epresentallves/lapo'i'~ , .. ·\
T,} wo\~·.
·(LA.8JR
N 't" If j'· hh'tt
Ar(. t57), . . ..
f t · -1
~ '
· b ,
. '·:.'
t·
· · .. · ·. :· • · 1 /.,(s, ..- i, ,4.tJ'oR·cGDE= •1 o e: sue. , rans er. o a s1m1 a( JO . ,s no '
. .orga~1za!1011~ .and .em8 ?{Ers·:ib:~-}. -:.~~·:
5~)-1
f:::i pi:"~(c'@tl}tq~~\,vorke_rs shall be. granted the I
!
!.

• d · :·. · ·h·;,.. .;'=r<fc·o~v'ersfiti'~' .f'H!

r· AA.rt,
{:· · . 2·. · · ny emp oye person w o_,~wo,,I\' ,ct r . , ,., . same•beraeflts'as.
. rk other worke(s who are unable
· · t d ·· '" h
.,,,_:_-·
~
'.!.
• d f
. peno ram en
· · t · · {10)
oc
• lock ·
. in,<X .
i'tt.,
....
f
e i :9;,.,ve·'·n:hg· tOi.1.6·
·x · · .·. •·:, 1. :1 . to wo
.· · • or to
·. _secure ervip 1 oymen unng sue
' · . · · · '
f, l;
. o'clqck the. fQl_lowing f110rliing proti~~C!Jiiatthe_· 1t-~:;~-~~:o~<:D.~· : 19 _12, Sec_. 5•. pa~. 2) ·. _ . . . ·
~ ·· worker perfqrm.s . no · Jess. t_ha[!.,...:SevenA(-7');.::J.~:i.ruJ?~Rlg~~Safe and working conditions and. other
. ·.c.Qn$e~utfve ho~r:9··..of ·work .(D.Oft;;Jo. 1/'?f2, · mandatory.facilities (UBOR CO[}E, Art 156); ·
· _.Sec. 2). . : · ·.·. ,.. · .. · · ~.:.Y..._<1l . . ··
' . .. · . •.-.,.,-._.. . , · · . . Note: The employers are ,required 1.,1hder the l~w
ARTICLE 155:: tlEALTH:ASSE.SMENT. ·.. ' . ' ' ' to pfqvide'.thE;? foliowing_,;SUbject 'to expeptions-:as '
At ·their' r~quest;" wciti<ers shall tiave ttle right to.···· : ·may ~e. provided by DOLE::·· . ,. . · . . . ·
undergo :a" h~a_llh.a·ssessinent wi~h<;iur charge: . . a, . $uit~ble ·. first~aid and emergency, _facilities_
:t. · · Befqre ,faking _up a~sign!lle·nt as a nighty.,orker; · : : · . ·. (LABQR CODE, Art. 156);
2. At-regular 11'.ltervals.during·su~t:i an-assign_m·e.nt;, · ·. - b,. Lact~tior'l,station iri :r~quire~ c;,o!)'ipanies;·
3.' .If they ~xperie.n:C,e ·'health :problem$:during -such c. · Separate. to'ilet facilities for men·and women;
··. . . a·n· assignment-which: are hot .caused ~y;facto.rs d. Facility for e·at,ing with potable :drinking wa~ei'
'.°; :· · .• oth~rthar/the·peirfoinia·~.ce.ot·night"work.:(D.Q.·. , .(O.O.'No.119-12,.-Sec.·4); ' ... · ..
!'.· . · No.: 11-9-1,2/~.~c._ 3). ·. ·.. · · .' .... ·: ·.. . · .. · ·' e. · Sle'eping .· ·.or-· resting· ctuarter.s in.. !he
. establishmen,t;,and. · .
..NotJ: With the ex9Jpt(o~.'0¥ fin~lng of .u~.fi!nl;)S~ f~f .. ' f. . Transport.atiori. from the . .wo~k· premises to
i,'. . ' night work, the findings o( suc_h as~essmerits _stlall . · lhe nearest point of their residence (lAE~.OR
' riot 'b~ tran'smltted :to otl'iers .. witlic:iut the worl<efs' ·CODE, Art. 156):. '
·c·orisent ·and· sh~il 'tiot-:b.e lJSecljo their d!;3tiiment' ...
. (f:ABOR 90DE, Art: _155j. . . · . . . 4.' . .Right of Piegnari.t' women-t~'81t~matjlies to nig,t1t·
·'i. work·: · . . : ....
1--
:~ ,•,.
'ARTICL.E"1i6~:MAN[)AT0°~Y FACILn'IES .. _: ' ' p. _Right 9f pregl')ant· women. against. .QJsrnissals
Th1:1 ·efnploye·rs·~r~ required. under the law to provide arid diminution'- of :benefits on· acoount of .
,',,,
. the'. follow11' )g; . subject fo. exce'ptions as: may· be pregn'ancy, ' child. _birth, . an,d childcare
provided by·the,QOLE: (F~LT-5_T)· : responsibi.lities (LABOR CODEi,. Art. 1'58);
1. Suita~le (irst-c;1id facllltie~; .

:,
'<; •
9 · 2019 SAN BEDA.LAW CENTRALIZED BAR. OP.ERA TION$. I 331
 .SPECIAL GROUPS
SAN i3£9A LAW C£NTRALl1£D BA'R OPERATIONS- M£MOR_YAID .20!9

6. Right. to ·§:ocial Se.curity ·Benefits such as paid Non-Diminution of M.~ternity LeaveBenefits.

maternity leave· in accordance with R.A. No. Nothing in this· Rule shall be construed to authorlze
8282 anc;I .other existing company· policy or diminution or reduction of .the protection and benefits
collective bargain[ng agreement· (D. 0. No: 119- connected. with- maternity leave under existing law
12, ·.sec. 6); and,- · . · (D. O. No. 119-12, sec: 7).· ·
7. Right of Regular Workers to· be ~onsulted
before introduction of : Night · Work (LABOR .Protectlon Against Dlsjnls sal a·nd Loss· of
(;Q[.JE, ~r(161),. . . . ... Benefits . . . . .. · .
Where no alternanve work is· available to woman
. AR"flCLE.157: 'rRANSFER .. ; employee Who is. not i~ 'a positlon · "render hight . to
Night· workers who _are ceitifie<;I as unfit for night work, she shall bealtowed tc:i go leave or extend cm
wo_r.k, due ~o health "reason;:;, shall· b§l tr.ar.isferred, maternltyleave, using her earned-leave credits, · ·
Vl(nen~ver ptacti<::able,- to-'a $iil:iilar }ob for"'which they
are fit to work. . A worriarr employee shall .not be dismissed· f;r-. ·
reasons .of pregnancy; :· childbirth and childcare •
. lf·suc:"fi transf~r-to: a 'sfmilar job is _not practicable or · tespo~sibilltie.s: She shall. hot l0s~ th~ . ~en.e}its.·
ttie wo"i"k.ers. are: unable to; render·.' night work . .for 'a regard~ng her e~pJoy'!lent statas, sery1onty• 'and .
coonnuoue 'period ·of not l_es"i. than 6 . months upon a~cess to pro~~t1on·wh1chmay attach.to her.regular
· certification of a competent public health authO"rit~==~~~t_wo!kpos,tion_(.q.o. N~: 11~-12, Sec. BJ_. ·.
t~e wor-ke_rs shall be(gr~l)te~ the same·~~fi~s u! ~7~~59:.COMPENSATION. . .·. . ,-
?th~r workers who ~:e ~na_t?le to wo~ iye
A night worker certified _as__tempora~l~ u~f1t ~o,;.n~J;l!~--~a~ng
J~ 1~-~ss. "'-~ -;!Tl)! ~ompensation for night workers: in the form of
tirJle';.-~ar. orsirnllar benefits shall recognize ..
w_ork for a penod of less _than 6 m_opt6"ssha,!!,~!1),~fven the e~~Qtion<ll'tr~tureof night'worR·(LAJ30R CODE
the .sarne protection aqainst di~~-~.19!tfi§..~9-eM,;f=--;;~=;\'n."'1'5S]J~Z°,.}' .~:'\ .· · . ... · . .'
dismissal as other workers whr..si:!,;v.,~~entedfro1rb )f' · ~r. \ '\\. "<""''''§:) \ · ,. · . ·
. working-for re~sons of health ~D. O:"l¥p/11pf $0~·\J\L
~)._ . .
· · · · -1:·- . f
. , . · · . · . '.,? 1, • · ii
L--
1 ~. Se.(!;.,. ,t1iN, lRTl~L~ 160\l;,

·, .
/. ·
~ERVICES
Ar.i;iroeri~te so~i~U,;seb\,ices shall b~ . provided for
· niQ!,it wofk.ers ~'r\<!_,,.,"'v,,,h."erenecessary, for workers ..
· :.

Pregnant and:Nµrsing ~m l(;;ye~i \ · _"1:~/ ~e"WB'rmhjlg.nightMork-{[iABQR CODE;""Art. 160).

Measur!3s shall be- uhd~rtak' ~~;,J>tovide.aA\ernati¥.~-~· ii:if'}J
to .night·work for 'pregnant ~nd•'.Q\Jns]n~iVP.IOyeas~ARTIC.~.e'a§,1:
f . ·· !J J'""""""i U , · · · '...
~IGHT.WORKS_CHEDULE
.'· - .. . ·
.
who could oth~rwis_e ~e-.c:;~ll~dj.JP,ori~o'p ~t:'l~Mc ,'€l. tz'~~~e~~-~lt-0?u9n'g.,:{~Ofk schJ!dules _requiring th·e.
7
work. These measures may 1~blu~~:; : ~J~~t ~ ,1,~,,£~ 1'V16~ f rng~f wor.k'eFs, t~e empl~yer shall cons_ult
, 1. ·.:r~ansfer to day ·,wo.rk·_-i,,_Pregnc\~to "M1~si~~rP'1 -,;.:~~9 kers:f repre5,;~tabve~/labor organii~tions
·. • ert'ployees- . shall be . ass19ned t~~day ~e~:•~c~~"! ned gn the_ d_etai1s of such ·schedules~and the
.. before and after childbirth. fo\at.least~16Y(e~-5\JJ."" J°1'.f€~ of~~ganizafJb!) of -night \h'.Or'k that i:lre bes.t

· ch1ldb1rth..
· . . . ·
. . -
. ·
".: ,/, r)v
: · to.·.be.?ivided between_the·um9\-!?~for~"h-4}ft~'-!.~'•·..;ac{a'f3!eftq,tl_\~

·. ''..')., ~~ i·/
:,""''=.-. .
..-.=ll'Jell-tli!
,. ~ ~
~(a~lis~':'ent.an9,its persc;tnnel_. as
''Qn,\th~Occupat1onat
~ .
l>-. 1J :~?€la ·'>-'Services.·· which
~.
health measures .
?re: · required.. In
a.nd

Note: Medical cer,tificate issued. by cqmJ.'e4!nt fV..Ue~kb:tistfrnents· . _ ElJTIPloying· night · workers, .

· '· .. j:i_h'ys_idans"is neces~ary f_or.the grant of: ,~....,;-:=-·: --.-,,cc5_nsultation·"shail . take· place., regular!'{: (LAB.OR
· ; a .. Additional periocfo· of ·assignmenl to· d<,1y .· . ·C.ODE; Art.'.1°61). . .
work for. not more. the.~ '4· weeks or for a · · ··
lo'nger period as- may l:>e agreed-upon; .. '
.. b. Extension ofm~ternity. leave;·and ... ·
-
. c. Clearance
. .. to 'render
. . r'i'ight'
.. work.•·
. .. • Ex-PANnnn
·. Acj:'{R~A;
SENio-~ CiT1z~_N's·:
N.o~:9994)'-
. 2. · Pr~visiQ,,- pt -s~ciafseeuriti benett~- - ~~6iai , . . . ... : . . .-

security ben~fits,- .s~ci,:"as pa_id._rn'i::1ternity 'leave

· . shall ··be provided ...to··: women . Workers ·. in · .-Senior.Citizen or Elderiy . . . . .. .
accord_ance with R.A. No. ·{3282 (Social Security. .· Any · re~iderit. citizen of the Philippines at ·Jeast · 60
Act qf 1997) and· other .~xi~tii,g coi.npany' polfoy .. . y~ars· old {R.A. No. 999__4;. ~~c. 2(~))......
orCBA; .. · .. . . . . .. ' ..
3:. E~ten.si_on·of m~te-rnitY,_ leave ....:: where transfer... · Discount and VAT Exemption· .
to work is impossible, a·\voman elJ'lployee_ rnay . Senior -~itize~s a.re. entitled to, _the .grant 9f ·20%:
l?e a.llowed to ext~nd her maternity-leave witho~t discount and ·eJ5empti.on·from VAT; if applicable, on
pay·or using earned ·,eave credits .of the" worker,. . the follqwing: · ., ·. · · ·
if any (D . .Ci: No. 119"-·1-2; 6) .. ·,sec. 1: .,Sale of go.ads and services:· ,
a'. . Medi.cine and dru'g purchases - generic or
branded drugs,: inclµding influenza. ~nd

332 2019 SAN SEDA LAWCENTRAUZED BA8 OPERATIONS

·. . ...
 . .
.., ' -:.,· ..- .... _,;,. . :

SPECI.AL G.ROlJPs.·:_· .: · . -
. 5/IN SEDA.LAWCENTRALiZEO OAR.OPERATION;;_.ME/>1qRYA!D 2919_

pneurnococcal vaccines, and vitamins and sirilila~ places bf cu.lture/leisur.e7amusemeot

mineral supplements medically prescribed. such ..as museums/parks (IRR· of R.A. No.
by physician; · f}9'94, Rule JV, Art. 7,:-Sec. 4-~J. . _
b. Essential medical supplies, accessories and . .
equipment .; include eyeglasses, he.aring 4. Funeral and Burial Services: .
alds, dentures, .prosthetics, 'artiftcial bone · Such· services include p:urchas·e of caskeVurn.
- replacements . e.g. . crutches, . walkers,' embalming;hospital morgue, transport of body
· wheelchairs;' canes etc., __ geriatric-. diapers to burial site. . .
. and other. essential medical supplies"/
accessories/ equipment; · ··· . · . · · Note: · The beneficiary or'· p~rsoo who -will
'c, Me.~ical · and dental services in private shoulder the expenses shal~ claim the discount
e.
.f.~cilities - includlnq.diaqnostlo and lab tests . upon presentation of death---certificate . (IRR of
· , · ,, e'_.g._x-rays, blood.tests thatarerequested by :R.A: No. 9~{)_4, Rule IV, Ar( 7, Sep. _6j. .
·.- physicians' · · as · needed · · . for
',\.
-~~ . diq.gnosis/treatrnent; · · · ·No· Double Diacounts . .z,
·-~·- d. Professional fees' of attending physiciaris - iri · _the . purchase of . goods and services on.
~- private · hospltals; medical facllitles, promotional discount, the senior citizen can avail pf
outpatient:' clinics and home heaith care the .establlshrnent's offered discount or "the· 20%.
facilities; . .. .. . discount provided by ·law,. whichever is higher aod
e. Protesslcnatfees of licensed health workers . /~ · · more favorable·(/RR of R.A: NQ. 9994, Rule IV, Art... ·
· ·providing home health care services (IRFJ-pt;i-;l/; 9). .
R.A. No. 9994, Rule/\(, Art. 7, Sec -. 1). f' ,!r;:,· f ~). .
. ' . '. . ·i+.. ·
r ,-'>; f Other Pr1V1leg~s
:.. . _

~ot_e: ·. If the medical or. -~~ntal s.eryices "f.~Ji,~ r- 1; J,.-.~;c-~~-lawal~o_,~rovi_desfor the follo~ing_·privileges: ..
• . · •
: . ·
·.
. .· .
.

.availed, In gov~rnment facllities.. the 'law.,,.sJat~}{i_(j ..:,!;.,..~l~!.{]Jf~~a/:}/f}.tjtrninlmurn _y,,ag~. earner, the seruor
that such services shall be free of cJ;ia(~e. The";, ,.f . c1tizel'l""'i$\ .entitled to individual income .tax
: . professional fees shall likewise qe(tr'Eie'·(/RR qf\.~H . ex~mptjpi·f/',(IRR ·ofR.A. {>Jo: 9994; Rule IV, Art.
,_v.
. . R.A- (Vo. 9994, Rule Art. 11, S~{::,.,.~1: ;;.;·:-r\ ·.· ·11, se;._ )~'i. . . . , . . .. . . . .. ·
._. · · _ . · . · . ,lf,.;. ::,.:~.;::,-:- .. - f,r ·. 2, T_he s,~nr ·r c1~1zen ,s also exempt~d from trammg._ .·
2".. -Dom~stic transpo_rtation: · >;,'? \J~ it-- f;},·. ~e~_s;fo.r s· cioi~<?onornic.pr~r-amscond~pted by .
. . a ... Air . and ·..sea ·_transporJat_,n .:. ..t:t,9r" donies~tc\. ~;iJ. pn~~te.o~go~~fnment agencies (JRR ofR.A. No.
. · ··. . trav~I~ only . . .. \-·'i ·-..::::--..?,dJlf.1 t~~ .. l:,,.! 9~J!{ft!'filfJfi,l})._t'f. 1_1_. _Sec: 2); :· - ·.· . __
. b. P~bl!c l~md transportat~~ -:- [.a5~,~}r _p_u~JN· ;: r;.Y;; 3·. F.onnd1~~senf0r c1t1zens, they·_&hall bl; ent1tl!=ld
railways e.g. lRT,' MRT,"'l?N~;.:ancj.1fares}( _t'i . to: :_ . · · · ·. .. .. ,
bu.ses, jeepneys;· taxi and\.fh_uttle's~rvice& ·.· ~ ··r· · a. Free . v~ccinqtions against influenza ~nd
"(/RR of R."A. No. 9994, Ruie JV.,AP:,'!.. Sec:·· /~:/~~e\.lmococcal · disease," . ~dministereld by
· -.· 2). , .· • . t. >. · · / 1~.:'.i:.t.,...1.t:..f..!i;a!±!:'..:-D@H(/RR ofR.A No. "{i994; Rule IV. Art. 11,

3. ServiC(;ls of Hqtels; _.R"es1au·ranti1~ecr.~cUion ..· • · . . Sec. 3); .. · · .. .

· . Centers-an.ct Places of Leisu·re: "·:J!-,,. :,.(,\
;:i. Hot~ls an·d --other · similar --~dgir:ig
i ...
·r.•. . establishments -· for· room accommodation
.. , .. and other amenities; . .
·,:·.
...-.b. ·-Restaui'ants ·-:·-fooq, drinks;.·dessert and
,. :_ · . other consum~ble "iterl')S,' provided: ..
i:_ For-pe_rsonal consu'rnptiori only.
.. :. ii. Must be personally availed; no'proxy or
·.representative . .:.. .:.-· ·
lil. Process· separately as: independent' · ,
. . . transa.ctloi:,.frdrn·F1on.:S1igible cciris.um·ers .
_ iy ... Apply, Most ·E~pensive ·
.Combi.natiorl · . (MEMC) · -
corresponding to ..the··cornbination of the
•·;, . . mCist expem;ive, anti . biggest single- ..
. serving meal with bever.a"ge served in a
· · . ·. · · ·quick servi"~e · restaurant (iRR of R.A..
. No. 9~9{ _Ru_ie JV, Art.. 7, Sec." 3);
c. . Recreation Centers -~ fees(charge_s/rental.
·fqr sport.s.·facilities1equjpm,ent or venues; ·
· admissidn fees for theaters, cinemas_,.
. ·concert halls, -Circuses, carnivals and ·othe~
_b. A 1:1onthly. stipend· of . PhP.5(?0 for daily
·, ·sul;lsi$ten~e··and pth'er JT)edical needs (/RR
. o(R.A. No. 999.4; Rule .V, Ari. 20; Sec. 1); .
. ·and. . . .
c .. , Mandatory PhilHeaJth coverage; sourced
from·LGL! funds. (JRR~ofR.A_: No. 9.994~Rule
· V, f>.rt. 20, Sec. 2).: ·. . · ·, ·
.. . .
' - · . Note:"R .. A.."No.. 10645f~rtheramende"cl,.R,A:
· · No. 9994, providing· for. the·: mand_atory
· Phil~_eal~h ·coyer~ge·for all. seniO~ citizens..
Meal""! · ·.
~mount d.· · Death benefit as~istahce· ~f ~ minimum of
·. · PhP2,000 shall be given to riearest"surviving
relative ·-who took c'are af"senior" citizen.
Althoug~ .the rules say that th.e ~enefit shall .
apply to i~dlgent .senior citizens only, ·such_
· limitation does not· preclO,de tt.,e LG~s. from
giving th·e s-ame ~6 non-indigents (IRR of
· R:A. No. !)994, Rule V, Art. 20,: Sec:4). _ ·

...
2019 SAN. Bl;DA LAW CENTRAiJZEC> BAR OPERATIONS 333 ·
 . .
SPECIAL
SAN .BEOA lAWCENT~IZED
saouss
BAR.OPERATIONS - MEMORY A'ID 2.019

4. Qualified . senior. citizens shall · be -, granted · determined . by · the National Statisti~I

educational assistance · to pursue · post- · .Coordination Board (NSCB) · of the National
secondary/tertiary as .. well as Economic and Development Aµthority (NEDA)
.vocational/techriical education in both private. for that year (/RR of.R.A. No. 9994, Rule -V, Art.
and. public schools thru scholarships,. grants, 13, Sec. 2"). · · ·
financial aid; subsidies etc.. (/RR of. R.A No. - ·
9994,Rule JV, Art: 11, Sec'. ·s). · . ··· · .·· · · The Depa;tment of Labor a nd.Employment (DOLE), .
0

5. As far as practicable. and. fE)asibla; the .senior in ·_coordination with other qovernrnent agencies
citizen' shall be grante<:1 continuance .of same 'such· as, but not limited to, the T~chnol~gy and .:
·behe'fits;and privileges· by GSIS; SSS and. PAG- · _Liv.elihood Resource . Center (TLRC). and the
. IBIG asthose in .actµal service (/RR ot R.A.:No, Oepa~ment of Trade and, Industry (DTI),· shall
9994, Rule !V, Art._ 11, Sec. "6), · · . . · · assess, desiqn and. implement traininq programs
.: 6: ,·As· far as possible; -the govemrrienf'may·grant : that will provtde skills· -and· welfare or. livelihood
special discounts on- sp~ial. · programs on :. · support "for: senlor' citize,:is (/RR of R:A. · No. 9994, .
· purchase ' of . basic necessities- ·_arid pr_inie·. Rule V~ Sec: 3),
'commodlties (/RR ofR.A. No,..!J9f!4; Rufe IV, Art. . . ·· · . .: · . '·. •· . . .· · ·
-11; Sec. 7).· . · . · ·- · · .... Office.for Sen1,or_C_i:tlz~ns ~ffa1rs (OSCA) .
. 7. Accessfble express lanes, or: priority lanes, in all~ The~e. :S~~II. · be t;!Stal::!l_ished in all. ~itiE:S ·-a~_d
. · establishments (/RR of R.A. No: 9994; Rule 1.v._;_>=c-.:::-~1:m•cip_alttiesan OSCA t~ .be headed ~Y ~· seruor.
·A11.·11, Sep.Ji). · . .... . . · ·-:~ 1T -, ~•\L:~.Q.,~ho·.st,all-~e appolnted _?Y th_e mayor_tor a
8. Grant of a minimum 'of 5% di~t;oui;it1_"re1atite;to. \ ) }~.f:l1 ~f:~~~arsw.1.tho_utr~ap~o1nti:n~nt but ~1thout
the· monthly 'utiltzation 'of water.c.3Rf('e1e!trleI_ty._;;~~~1·c~jtop~xt~ns,on 1f exigency so_ requires.
supplied by the public utilities~ovidedt ~ .
f!. The individual meter ts _r.e'gis'tt.si!'.'"~r--tf.le~I~.:~p~~.,~~ll
. h'~ '--~, '.~~- .
be chosen from a ltst of t~r~e (;3)
.
. ·t·"1 .. ·.a.Y.-';i!"_,tf"· . • ">l>,, nominees ~s.,ec9n'h-nen'1ed by. a general assembly

: . : . . . t~J _ · r·
.·~
name .o f th e senior ct '6e,.q]e~19.1ng q1ere1n_1w h "of· ., --\~T -~ J'j,,' ·· · · · · · · ·
b. · Moh.~hlyconsuinptio~oes:~91-e~cfeeg 1'uh g~\ . .ffib ~~!'l'i~ l_.lZ;ll- o~an_,zah~ns. in th~ · city ,or
k.V':'h of-elect(icity an<9~ cu)f of~pter (IR.R..:....'ri.~7>,• . "1:~~~l'1~ (~-£lfft · · . ·. · ·
ofR.A. No. ·9994,:RU1' !1MJi'< 1_2, '!!!!'" Tho . O~C.e J>t.\the .M•yor shall exe,dse
. ·. . .
·
"<:;;~~-.· ~~i>E!rvi:;,ibn·ove~:ffi'°e -~9CA. relative to the.ir plans, . ·
Ava1lment ~f Benefits -~n~~~'iJt~g~.s : · . - i:;_., ~l]J);gtf~\ivitie:f·~nd pr~~i'.IDf;!~"tifr·.senior. citj:zeris· (/RR of
For t~e ava,lm_ent of _ben~~·u~ ~!l-Qlpnv~~~~ndens::::c:::-R;ANJ. ~ 4, Fiule \i'l,QArt. 21. Sec. 6). ·· . · ··
the Act l:lnd Rules, .the sern<?{ 9.~ti,ten, or--t\~~~ d~!Y.~ ~ .- ,- ?- . . . .'H /i...~?,t ii · . · . · .. ,· ·.
a~t~~r!Zed repre~entat,ive, s.~fllfpfel{l':~· a~~.Q~!°~ _)( 17 J-:/;£;- · . If . ...,, /:'· ·.. . · . .. .
eltg1b1bty, a '(a1td· ahd ongmal SefillOr. ~l!)zS!.~t f-: ,;:.(~ ·, . ,41 · · :· · .
. ldentifi_catio_n,,Card_iss~edby tlte·Heacr-:~th~-9ff~ ,(~OB-T~tF;PHILlPPlliES ·
of Senior C1hzen_sAffairs.. (/Rf: ?~~A. ·No.,_.~94..._~mn \ ~-.) ;./''.'· ,. ' . .. : . . · ·
. 6,_ Sec. _1},: ·. . . .. . ·. : ·. · ~~"~ ~~~~J . ·~· N~. 108~_9) · · ._
E_rti~i~y~ent of Senior ~itize~s._~. ~- ·· .V / . .
l\.· ;f J\ "\~ • ;-'/. ·. . · ... ·· · . · . . · . . · · . : ,. . . . . .
·: Senior.citizens, wh?· ~a'(e ~e cap_ac:;,ty a~ oe~1e·to 1V !tN;~.t~.f~:JC-N_o,.10869 Y_t~S ap_p~oved_ on· Jur'le 29, ..
work, or: be re::-empl9ye~; .shall .. be .provi<tErc:r--,----=2.!:l~ , · .· _ . · · , . :· . , ·. . •·
infqrmatlon,and r.natchi11g·;:;eryices to·enable-tnem·tq. · ··· ·
·. be. producti.ve. n:iemp~rs . of. soc\ety,: .. Terms·· of . Meaning of Job.start. . :
·emploY.ment shall conform witft·t!'}e provisions·otthe . · . .Jobstart Ph_ilippines. refer~.t6 .the 06tE;s'.prcigh:01i · .
labor Code, as amended, and other.laws,.rules ~nd . desi_gneQ'lo enharii:;e 1he. etnploy~bility of' ~t:risk · ·
regulations·(/~R 9(R.A. No, 9994,.Rt.iie v,·Art: 13; · ·yoJdh to irpprpve:.their··integratiqh :into ·produdive
S~c. 1)."· . . =. · . · • . ·_··. .. • , ·. ·· · · .empJoymerinhrou·gh ti:,e provision ofttie full cycle.of
. ·. ,. - employmentf~cilitation ~etvices inch..ii:lin·g job se~rch
··n~nti~es to.impl9ye_r. · · .. · · · . . :assfs_~nce; .free: te~hriical· and lit~ "ski_lls' t~a_ining, _
_.Private· ·entitie~. that. wili"'einploy senjor citizens: as pla.~ement in· internships- and _jot,>_ referral~·- from
employees . st,all . be· entitled · to ·an additional°· PF;.S.Os. -(D.o:· No. 179, Rule-2,-~c::"17k)).. · . ··
·deducti<J~ -frqrrj' their gross ".iricofyie" e~uival_ent to· ,· · · · : · · · ·· · · · · ·· ·
. 15% of th~ ~otal -arj'lo'tmf p~id as..s~laries and wag~s :N~{e: ·At-iis1<-x0Ulh r~fets.to· yo~~g adtfit~ _"who are.
to_seriion':ltizens, $Ubject-lo"the provisio_n of Section less likely .to· transitiQn sliccessfu_lly fron:i· schopl_ to.
.34 of _.the NIR~ •. _as arpe11de(f · To . ~vail ·of. the vyork, .: an·d · tfr · be :·fin~mcialiy· i.ndeperi.dent and
·deductions.; it is· nece~ry th~t~ econ<:1rriically_active members of comrnunity. This ·
1: Such :empl_oyment.$hall. continue for a period of · includE:!S y,outh fro"m. low-income· ·household, ··with
at least 6 tnonths~ and.. . . ., :·. insuifici~rit training and educatiqn,al, .background,
2. The annual inco~e of the senior..citiz~n does not ana .who are unemptpyed (D.'O.· No,' 179; Rule 2
exceed the lat~st pov~rty .; threshold as Sf:c.: 1(a)). ., · ·· · · ·'

334. · I .2019 SA!'! SEDA

. LAW.CENTRALiZED . BAR OPERATIONS
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·sPE.C·IAJ.. :G.Ro.u·ps· .
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SAN BEDi, LAWCE!"TRALIZEDBAR OPERATiQNS.:;:.MEM.ORY7110:;o,9-

. Full·Cycle Em.ployment Facilitation Se.ivices .. work shall b\? .ouly credited· to. the _trainee's
The JobStart Philippines shall incl.ude )(ull cycle number of training hours (0.0. No. 179, Rule 3,
employmerit facili~ation .· services·· such . , as Sec. 6(a)). · ' ·
registration; client assessment, "life skills training
with qne-on~~>ne ca"reer coaching; technic.al. training, QUALIFICATIONS : . . .
. internship, orfor employment (D.O. No.. _179, Rule 3, . To.qualify as a JobSt;;irt trainee, a person shall: (Fil·
Sei;: 1). . . : 18-24- Hlg~-Not- No.wQrk)·
1.. · Filipino-citizen;·· . , ·· .
. ·;-h·e Full · Cycle E~ployroent . Facilitation Services 2. 18-24-yearsold at the _tim~ _of r~gistr,ation(those ·
;j, · Include: (R.eLl-:Job~te.cijl_n) .·· ·. · · . who are.J? .year~_old .n:iay _registerfd proYided ..
,, 1, Registration and client assessment · · . . · : they will be ·18 before technical .training stage);
?. Tlie DOLE and.PESOshall advertise the.:date cif 3.. .At.least High.school (1::t year or Grade 7); ,..
'-:: . t · reg.istration,. venue; .and ihdi.catil(e· schedute of 4. Not in education, employment or training atthe
0
· • · • program activlties. Tl'i.e·registration pr0cess shau . time ,of reg:istra~on;-arid. .· . . .
. 'tie in a first-come.' first-served ·basis·. At-· risk .5. . No work experience' or less .than · 1 year · of.
youth v,;iho . are beneficiaries of . _,::antawicj . . . accumulateq._work (.D._Q. No. 1"79, Rule.4, Sec.
· Pami/yang.PilipinoProgram.(4Ps) and DOt:E's .. 1):. . .. . ..
. 'Special. Prograrri for Employi:nent of Students. . . . .. . .
. . (SPES) are encouraged to be given priority. The; Note: The JobStart registrant shallbe consideredas ·
_P.~SQ shall ·s~reen· and list potential trainees·:,,,.;) a trainee and notas"_an e_mploye~of.th_eparticipating

<
(.P:?· No: 1~~...-~ule3, sec. ·2J. ·.. . ·
. · . . . . ·:. . ..
A{:%~.. .
/".:,l4 ~.. .,:..
employers for the duration of the_ tra,mng program
(D.O. N.o. 179<RtJ!e_4, Sec._. 3)~ . . .
~- -, ~!fe_~Kill;, .trau~ing. . . .· . . . . 1., ;,.,. i.f-l{i•••~ . . . . . _ . . . . . .
Au:ns to _develop · and . enhance pers~r~1.. .",.i{iV.. ~Q}Jalificati~ps of Partner-Bmployers: .
· C()':')pet~nc1es and e~e~tive work hab,~f<t~,-··t•µ?";-rj;~follo~f~.~ar~the qualifications of the Jobs.tart
foundations for profess1o~al success. L~~~~all o_~,:.l i( part~f-tJfitpl'oyers: · ·· · ·· ·
conducted -for 1 O· df!~~· with at le<!st·-¢,e llf~ ~ki~tJ~ ·1. Legitima'ft1'b~sihess·operating within the· LGU's
-being taugh! _in ~act!· ct-:iy of tti~fp~qgram... ·~;,;=t~ ',. area;./ l~ \. · . .. :· . · .
· · ,t.ralhe~ s~a!! r_ece1ve a da1Jy allo~~JJC~.q~_S,?d 0n ~-4 2: · .. COG .V 0~ :\eneral . ·., Labor Standatds , and
f. . ·.
actu_al daily ~t!endante.(?-<?..-: ,#o._ 1~k'!!.Yle3,. ··-r.-•\ ··occyiat_i*nal~ Safety .... an~ . Health (OSH) .
.:
,~ .
: Seq. ~).
=- · •
. .
· ·
·
t.
t.?.'
_7 , f5:'1-r~· . y~ C:~\ Staff.dar~; .. \-_ · .· .
;,__--:;;-'<._..lfJ.~' ~-~ t J,.,1 3. · e~a~1Jy~~m;~i'de,_in case of an.o-1.n-~ouse
. . · · .: . :· ,
_3.- · .Job match_m~ and referral~/. .. , ··~-.dz •,(:-f:,:t)..i. ~·-1 arrJrig{imeb.lix:>ffacilitate; in ca.se of .a thirc:J.:p~rty.
· Th,e pu~pose ,s.t() find the. be~.~.P~Yittenl~r ;·. f?t train).ng.. provider,_- .. a : tec_hoical . V()c'ation~I
.• ~in~e s pref~rence and the -~~ployef.r s~U ~ .' (;( · ·educatro.n anp training·. (TVET.J . to;· J(?i:1Start·
.. requiremen~~- Best fit ma~,. me~p a~~ssi~_~e ,;,;; .•.~"'.i>'.~trainees and to,arrange. for the disbursementof
... · ·.iocation_ v,.,hil_e otl:ler ·':lay see~)cP-sp~,e_!P.c.:.~1.;.U,oi..:::~iiirernship stipend; .. · : · · . .. , :
· occup?tion/t,.1~e·of w~rk,_ md1.,1stry,Breer 9;~f1~ . . 4. . Capacity to provid~ for ~P to three (3) months
. ·.·J)~tenbal, qr a cor_nb1~at1on of.'.thes·f#.~\<fh~· 'fl/9. · . . ·-internship· _or · woTk .e.xperieri_ce to. JooStart
17fj, Rule 3, Sec. 1). ·. ~,..._ · · . ·trainees, with ·a. ·commitment-: to ·pay ..at least
~-': ·- · 4: i'e~~riical .t,:aining. : ·. _ · .·, .• ·. . . : . . s~venty-fivepe,rcent (1.5%) cifthe d~lly minim1:1m.
·,.(. ' . ·, It -may. b~· co·ri(!u!}ted ·in 'a )\11 · registered-_wi~ . ·. wage for ttie ·r,el~\'ant city or ·municipality;· .' ·
. ·.:. TE~DA; · an indu~try · r~ulc~Jed prograi:n or· ·a : a
5. · Capacity to develop "tr~inlng plan to .b~ .l~wned
. ·. :customiz?di,:i_-ho1-1se train)ri.9 pr9graf!1 ~esigMd· .and applied· by the trainee In the.i3stab,lisiirtjen~ .
. tiy JobStart' eryiplpye~s. ·or withil"! the. a,v~ilable .6. Capac!ty. t~ ·m~htor.·aFld .r_nonit~r _.a· JobStart· ·
f~cilities of the. LGU; .. . trainee's·perfo~m~nce·;.and· : · · .
· i. Interest' ~nd· willingness: to. ·a,bsorb or. offer
». . Tho.jcch.nicai (rafr.il.ng period.
st,ali beior,a,period . · possibl~ . regular· employment .to JcibStart
'f. : · .Pf.up t9 600 liours.(3 months). T!le-trainefshall ·. gra(14ates (R.A. No". 10869, $~c; 14) .. ·
. .· ":. ...:. . . . . : ..
. receive semi-monthly . allowance . bas.ed qn .
·e·
·"~ ..
}I)' •• •
. actuar daily atte·n<;lance (D,0. · Nq.·: 1-79, "f.?ule
·s~c. 5(bjJ. . . . · . . · ·. ·
3:. :
·
~f
Te~-~inaticin T.:aining Co~t~·ct.
.The)raining q:>ntract may be "terminated:
·:
....
,..~- •. . .. . .
( By the employer: · · . · · · ·. . ' ' · . ..
5. . ·internship . . . a. Habitual absenteeism· of.t!)e tf?i.hee; · .
:· .The- p.erio·d sha.11· b~: at l~ast 400 ·~ou~s .(two , . · b. · Willful disobedi~nce· by- the .lrc!inee of the
months)· but".not more· than· 600 hours ·(three .. .. ·.establishment's. rules, or insubo"rdinatio,... of .
' rnorith.s).... The daily intem.ship·"trainirig may be . ,i"lawfuf'ord~rqfa"superior; ~. :-. .: ...
beyond up "to eigh't (8): hours ·a day provided that c. / Theft. or: mal~ious destr.uction of . tl)e ·
said. overtime shall. not ·,exceed two· (4) "hours .. es~bl_isl:linent's: property or... equipment by
The time Sr?ent. on. oyertir'ne -stay an~ ho.liday . · fr/e trc!inee; ·

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2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS j ·335
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d . ." Engaging in vio"lence or: other forms of

misconduct in the
SP.EC.IA·L-' G"ROU PS
SAN BE.DA LAW"CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS- MEMQRY AID-2019

training . '. or
r+aM++ fl Aki

Coveraqe · .
WMtiM

.
f.

The rule" shall c!PPIY to all business enterprises which

.
M1 A

.
Mti

_establishment's premises by the trainee; includes: (SMC) · - . .

a·nd · . · . . 1. §.~lf-er:nployed or own-account workers;
.e.. Inefficiency or poor trainfng perform.imcefor :2.. Micro; small and medium enterprises; and
a prolqngef;I. period pespite warnings· ·duly· 3. .fommur'lity-based .business · enterprises and
given to ttie trainee. · . cooperatives (J;J_._Q_: No. 180, Rule 2?. ·.
2. · .By the JobStarttrainee:·
· a; Substandard or harmful working Q_oridltions Incentives . .
. ... within the establishment's premises; . . : The .followin"g "incentives. shall· be. provided to
b. Crue"I and "inh'umane treatment; and- . qualified buslness enterprises-to encourage them to .
c. ·Prolonged or 'continuing iilness (R.A.. No. _generate·ad sustain-green jobs: (TaExBuSFi)
-10.869, Sec.'_.16). · · · · · ·· . · .Y Tax:ded.uction .. . .. . ·
Equivalent to 5.0% of total· expense for skiils ·
Grievance Committee . t~ainirig.<and research . development; such
lt:·shalk have the initial· .responslbility o"f settling deduction shall be over and above the all.owable
. differences· in .caee of any violation of the trainlnq. . -ordjnary and necessary business deductions-for
agreement or uporr.the filing of a complaint by an said expenses under NIRG (D.0, No. 180-, Rule
.aggrieved party, The Committee shall investigate.,:-_,,,-..=,,.,.,,.. 3; :S~c.. 2(a}). : · • · · · ·
and render a decision· pursuant to pertinent Wfe-S~ l)u· -.2~~-Ex~gip~importation of capital equipment
·- regulat_ions. In case, of "failure by t~;'P~rle~~,i;ice. f, .L\.JlN'lr.c)~st~.r'rr duties and taxes, pro_vided. such
Co~~1ttee to set~e t~e i~sue ~r r'.e.~el(a'f!esJs1~,::s,"'~~.:.--~u1~mjl1~ shall:. be act~a~IY, direc~ly and,
or _m case the co~plamt rs: agam}f:~mtm~~~l:ff°ihe ·-e~fl!h~~eJy~~._ed ,_n promoting, generating and
Gne~ance Commlttee.ithe c~se,~ha,11:-~,El.J.E!f~ed~o""-=-~-=-.,.g_~sl'ai.J:!l~~g'r.E;~A Jobs (D:O: No. 180, Rule 3,
the D01,;'=:08LE for -~~propnc1J~(~ettdr {FfA. N~ ·j{' -w.,- S~\ 2(lfl_!;_,.cf{j ·. .
10869, Sec. 17). . , · fr ~/ _f ·· lt .6~ JX . I. -~A If· . . · . . .
, . JI. · t, [ .; &-_"~ . N~t,: T~/~e,r111;1_ahfied for_, tax .• ,n~entlves,
P,~ymffnt of Ad.!11inistrat1ve,t:e~}:",f · ,,-----.t?~SeG:-JJtary ~t'Clr~atf Chanqe C<?mm1ss1on ~hall'.
· Pc\lrtic1p~~ing"einployers.sha,. l~e;J} an a~ooat::l'[~r--;; 1~~er~1ft ~4s1i~s5:-·~iiterprise~ with green JO~s,
. month per JobStart trainee t~,9.e~~r admi~i~tratiq:rfuf..,...,.,.;:;,-;:)"~ ~ep~'"!ment.~~.!;.t!'.!l~ce, thru BIR and BOC, shall
. cost ·in. managing "the train_ eN>t..11.ih ·a{fioiji'lt to b,~.:~.._8~~":i'~itm~ter tlfie gralilwD.0. f':lo. 180,_ Rule 3, ,Sec.
determined by the DOLE (RY{',,;.N.o,lto8l5!~,.6~~-1"8f.'I!P. l~.1,1,.J,,,.?'/1:4'3·.
.. .
. .
'. · ·
_
· ·
.· . ~' · \
: . ._ ,}. .. · . .
>\.,,i
\i.I...Ji .,. \ · . (),~'\,:,'>~
... ~"':>
ff ."-. :
i,~ · £:), ,1P.o..~ ll . .
~I . ;, 't H . . : . ·
"''<_;§'!.,,. · _1;, es~ Nh.eloprfient s_upp()rt .-
_:;~sT
:
·

w.iJ~supp~f t~rl:' prot?fypmg/modelling of

. ..

GREEN JOBS AC'F. · . ·S-:;; '.'~~~hn5.>Jd'g~es,.cjnduc~mg_assessm~ntto mateh

. ·. . · -~ · ~ C :E1-...I.£\i:.;:WiJ¥-1olog1~v(. n~_ds : and deman<!s,
(R.A. NO. 107'%1) ./ n ~~ ...:..=,.-7'~~1:t.OfO~a~§il b~-~m.es~ !<:> ·.develop clean.
•• · · ~- , • -'· ~ • .,.., N ~E{chr:i,o.tqg1es,prov1dmgtechnical written guides,.
:.. ·. . · ·· · · · : . . · : \l-:"'-::;-l · . 1+J.t! t\.\13f.~t~d\Jres/ir:istructions/training o.n .. clean.
Note: R..A. No. 10771 was apf)roved on ~prlt.~~.=,.,!L,~(!!c~nology·(.o._o:No: 180'; Rule a, Sec. 6). ·
2016. · - · · · · 4. §pecial business facilitation· program_ · ,
. . . . · · : DT-1 thru· · N,egosya- Centers shall ·. develop .
·-Meaning'..ofGreen Job.s, .. . .. . pl_aris/progr~msfo_r dev¢1.6pmentof green 'goods ·
· Green jqbs refer.to,en:iplciy'ment ttiat contfibutes: to (D,O. No.·.180,.Ru/e.3; S_(jc. !). .• .
pres~rving_.· "6r ':.restoring_· .. the, ·. ciuality .. cif: the 5. Financial a~sistarice pr.ograrri ...
environment,·. oe·. it in _the agricu_ltu:re, industry .or PrElf¢rential_, · ~ finc3ricial · pc\lckages'.. · from
,.... · service~ sector..Gre~.n jobs are oecent jabs that ;:ire. "Government ) .. Finan:¢iar . "Institutions,- in ..
productive,. respect. the rights .of \:'Jbrkers, a·eliver a · ·. consl!llation wit!J BSP (D:9. No: 180, Rufe 3,
fair :income;- proyide. security ih fh~ Workplace pl'l~. Sec. 8). . . ·- ·" ·. · · . '
.>·
soc_ial .P,r;qtection··tor families, a·nd 'prqm_qte social 0 M.9nit?r!ng
d_ialqgue·. This ir:iclu<;lesjbbsft1at· Mlp-to: · · : • and E;aluation System ·
. · 1 :· . Protect ecosystems and biodiversity'; . . "The DOLE, in coordi11ation with .the ·,PSK" ·PRC·
2. · R:edlice.. .energy;-: ·mate.rials ·. ,md water· TESDA,.DepEd,.CHl;:D, DOST, DTI, and DOF-, shali
. consumptiqn" thru hig,h e.ffi_ciency strategies;· a
develop ancl;-(Tlaint.air,i da,abas~ Ofl green careers,·
· 3. Decar'bpr:iize the'ecqnom.y; and·_; . . professi911s, skins and list of emerging busii:iess
4. · Minimize qr. altogelner ·avoid.. generation of all enterprise tharger1erate. and si,Jstain green jops as
f9rtns of waste and pollutiorf(D.O. No.· 180, Rule well as. business. enterprise which have availed of·
,1, see:. 3(p)), ·· · · · · - tli-e.incei)tives._granted underthe'·1aw (D,O. No. :180, ·.
· Rule 5,: Sec. 1). · ·
.· .. . .

336 .I 2019,SAN SEDA LAW <;:ENTRAUZED BAR OPERATIONS

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. :SPE.CIAL :G~OUPs.:·-:.:· ·.
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.. ~N BEDA I.AW CEN'fRALJZEDBAR OPERATIONS.- MEf>!ORY.A/0 2019;

'·
·2. ·Alt lands· of the Publlc domain ir:l -excess of th~
. ·AGR.AJUAN LAWS·· specific limits as determined by Congress. .
3. All other . lands owned· by the Government ·
devoled toor suitaQle for agrl~ulture. ·
Agrarian· raw refers to. the distribution of pubiic 4. ·All Private 'tands devoted to or suitable for
agricultural lands, large estates, and .regulation of . agricultu're·, regardle.ss of products (R.A No..
the relatlonship between· the landowner and the. 6657, Bee. 4).
farmer who work.& on
the land •. It embraces ~ii laws.
relating to l~n.d pr to' the .ownershlp orvdivlslon The SC declared unconstitutional the· inclusion of·
•,.
. thereof; . governs· and. requlates the .rights and .. lands devoted to raising of livestock, poultry; and
relationships. over ·agricultural lands between · swine within the terms "agriculture": The reason ls ·-

.
'
landowners, tenants, lessees.or ag,ricultu'raf workers
. ,. . ·:··(2.013)!
(UNGOS1 Agrarian Law and Social· · tegisiation
p,..1) [here/hatter,UNGOS].. ·
bacause in livestock,. poultry,· or swine. farming, no
land.ls tilled and no crop 'is harvested. ·Land is not ..
the primary resource iri raising of 'livestock, poultry
·Or even .swine .. Livestock, .'poultry, or 'swine do. not
sprout .fro in the land, hence, they .are/ not "fruits of
the ·land" (Luz Farms vs. Secre'tary of Agrarian
. 'i;iE·COM~~NSIV;E/· .: · ~eforin, G.R. -No.86889; December 4, 1990). · ·

,•,
AGR:A.RJ..A:N REFORM: LAW'· ."" N~te: · The law exempts · ancestral ·. land from
'(R~A~··No.
.· · · .
'665·7'aiatiiended~~'
. · .. .·
.:)1/ coveraqe. Theto · right
· ·. : J,· ./ ~;/& ·:cornm_uoity their
·of each indigenqus cultural
ancestral lands shalt be
.bY R.A._No. 9790) ...
~1}~,; •. ,\~;{~: protected. and the systems of land ownership, land
· . _ · ·.· · . . ·. .;, (,, ....:,,.iL...u,s,Efand
se.tu1ng 1and disputes must be recognized
. · - · · · · •1"•·J.#1,,s· d't. 6t"ct (RA N 6657 S . 9) · .
· Not~:··.$ec 7.· provides· that land ··acqui~tli9-'f a&:J~~j~r---;,.J).I.L!~2::1{ ... ·0· " ·' e~. ·. . ..
. distribution shall be completed ·~y J~r,~;.:i9, ~Q14_,t)J "Retention i,.1'r1\its · ·. .
Nev':l~heless, the L~w au~ho~zes \,t1eflDA~ 1 2::--; ·
The landoin~r'~hall have the right to retain not.more
c_onll~ue·~o proce~-~··?nng. ~o final.\tt a,9,,e~E;,~¥}.~a~~ . },) · th,3°'n. fi,ve·,5(5~ If~· ctares of his landholdings. T:he
cai,e .oq~roc~edlng mvolvmg t~~J~p!ent~.At·1A9°·0f .. ·i'!\ retainedlre~ ne 'd not be personally cultivated.by
the.agranan r-eform law·a1reacjy:.pend1Qg ·~s of Jut(fJ-\ !:,!, 1t .] ·
t '·m· hu the. 1an~9wn11r. Cl'.J t1vat1on can e one Indirectly
b d 'l·" . · ·
·
30·, 20 1 4 ,· · even b eyonu :· .'•t.o ·b
· '"' ·. · .,,.. , d iiw·
sa,~,~- a '"':l·"'o usu t'· .. th··'i7it'.~...-""··--..-,--,. (RAN
A .. it .
i DAR 'G R N 2·iff_ N ''v'i!'mb 481J. •·t:f9 . :~:,~
rou::1.'.'11'~y,q,r,;1;i~JU!.~•ra. 1·,ion.. . . ' s·ec.
: .... . o:. 6657
t.
J. ·. 2. g;1gy
. :,,
ura v.. ·
.,
' ... · .o:
. .
•i,-
. ~:"""-'!)>''~,,. .
'i~=1'
'?.-;f,r.,r··e.~\.:'\.,,~.·
}I ·, ,~,
9): .
.
~~-4}~
·.. .
:, . .
. ·. . . .
•
.
.
. .
.

CHAPT.ER 1:· P·RELIMiNARY CHAPtriR }) · : . · .. ~ 1,.,:,.-T-bEi children

of. ·the ·,an.downer a.re entiiied to three ..
: . ·. . . . : · · . · . . ' . · _. ~~ ~:::p.. . c::...Ai·!\.,;~~1.!'!~<;t~~es.each.
If t~e.lando"Yner owns more than

.
· Definition of Te.rms . · :
1 }! ·
/.~--:--:-...,.."::li.f1v9-t~~ares of agricl!ltural .land, the excess ,;'lre-:1 ..
Agtariiin reforr:n involves redistributiei?.[\ o!,1aqct{to. n:iay be awarded to the childrei:i. provided ·that s.ah;I

lr. . .
• . farmers· and. regular farmwork~_rs w~o· a,~~1.ess:
. • .· ·includes - altematjve, arrangements. s.u~f.i..'as labor
child should tie:
1. · At least.15. y~ar~ olq; ;;ind
.
.
· .
·· .·

f admirii~tration, profit-sharing and stoo~ dis~rib.utiori

(~:A: 6657,.~ec, 3fa)). · .
2. Adually, tilling or directly :m.anaging the farm
·:· .· · · ·.:~ . · (R.A. No.. 6fJ57, Sec.6, par:.. 1)...
Agricultural· ljind refers: . to land: devoted to The right'to choose the. re~ained .area belong. to the
;, ... ·agrlcul(ur.a~ .. acti'!ilY and n.ot dassifled as"mjneral,. lanc:lown~r. subject .to the.condition that the retained
:, · fore~t,.: residential;. con'im!:)rcial,. · or Industrial· [!:Ind area:·· .
. (R.A. 6657, Se.c. 3.(c)) .. ·. . .. . . 1. ·: S.hould be. compact and con'(ig1,.1ous·; and
;. . CHAP;~R ;I: ·'co~~~GE 2. · Do!:)s .not exceed· the ·five:tiectare' limit..

Sccfpe· :· . . . Note: JHhe sel~eted· area Is tenanted, such: teriant

R,A.·Ji.Jo ... ·6q57 applies Coniy ·to a·gncultural !ands, 'shall have.the option to choose wt,,.ethet:· ..
~- . whe'tf1er public :or. privat~ .. It . does: ·n·o.t i'(lcl.ude 1. Tq r!:)ma.in ther!3in -. t"ie will· tie aonsid.ered as .
. residential,. 't::bmmercial, industrial, mineral and . · leaseholder,. tful,s, he 'shall. lose the right to be a
·. foi:~st' rand (R.A. No:
6657, Sec. 3(c)). .· '· ·: · .. : ti!:),:ieficiary.
2. To be. a· beneficiary in the same· or another .
.

;. ~pecificafl.y, the following lands are.cover~d; (AIDI- agricul,tural land with similar. 0( · comparable
Pub-Gov~ PriV!ate) . · · . . . :. .· features - he shall lose ,hi's.right·as leaseholder ..
1: 'AJI Alienable and Di~posable land~ of the· pµblic (R'.A. No.· 6657, Sec,. 6, par. 2): .
. . . domain cievo~ed or suitable for agriculture. ·.,.

2019 SAN
. BEOA LAW
. CENTRALIZED 1;3AR OPERATIONS·
. . . I· 337
 s·p·ECIAL GRO-lJPS
SAN BED~ LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS - ·MEMORY A/0. 2019
&WM :M d&FH+t G IS§ 2M·4@ WA A

Original · ho~estead grar:itees· or 1heir direct If all factors are present:

· compulsory heirs .ef Iands shall. retain the same CNI :x 0.60 + CS x ·o.30 + MV x·0.10 ~ l.and'value;
areas as rong as. they continue to cultivate the
homestead. Accordinqly, the tights.of homesteaoars ' If GNJ is not presem: .
. are superior to the rights- of'tenants.(R;A. ·No. 6657;_ CS x D.90 + MV x 0.10 = Land value:
Sec. 6, par. 1). · · · · ·
If CS fs not present: .
. -<;;NI .x OJ)O ·+ MV x 0.10.= Land.value; ..
. . I~ case ot.spouses, tlik extent. of the right to, retain
· depends Ori the property regime· as follow.s.: If both CNI arid CS ere notpresent: . .
·1 .. If absolute ·comrtturiity or conjugar.partnership -
; the Sp'OUS.e$ can only retain up .to 'five. {5)
x .=
MV 2 Land value (1 ·uNGOS,. supr_a at 52).
hectares; . . . ' . .. . . . . . Rec~oning . Point. in..· D~te.rmi'riation·: Qf Just
2. If :separatio.r.J. cof . property ., each. spouse can Cornpansation . : .. . . . ·. . , . ' . . . . .... _.
· retain five,-(5) hectares {UNGOS, supre at 17).·_ ·. Generat Rule.: The value ofthe property' at the t11T)e
'. of taking shall .he the· basis. If possesston is taken
Commer:cia,I Farms . . . . .. prior; toexprcpriation proceedlnq, the vatueshculd
'Commercial farms shall .be subject · to immediate beat the time of taking possession and.not tlme of
compulsory acquisition and · distribution after 10 filing of complaint . _ .
years from effectiyity of the law. In case of ne~~--"-•=,...:'"'- . . .
farms, the reckoning point is the ·first_,,)',ea:t'·of
commercial production and operation. ~ !l~
Tu . ·. .
'l;;xi;epti.QJ.!: Whel'l' there· ls undue delay in payment-
~ _ .!..t:JhetE;)rl tl)~>~luebf tne property at th? time of full ·
•

-; · , _ . ' .>/
=(. "-'l ....~~-x==p~'yJ!$nl(s_n..c\ll!9~...the basis and not the time of tak1r,g_
Note: Commercial farms · ~~e.- .P,p~te ~.9~JJJltoral : · (R.A:"N¢'66§~~(lf:-1.7).. . ..
lands devoted Jo saltbeds, frujt f~'r:~jJ:Yors_,IJ9r:d~='""fe'.""~•=,,...._,,~:-..'\.'(
..;· . ··\. : . . · .
vegetable and cut-flower farfY!p;~o,!;l:IC<;IQ'i cqff~IJJ "t'.
·~roce~"£re'f~r;;'£?£te~!"mat1onO,f J~st
and rubberp_1antatio~s (~.A._ "Jlo:
6~,TsecJ11). __ i( -~-~ .0ompe'\sauo~ f.) \ . _ ._ . _ . 7
- . ..
Agrari~n . r~forrn' . benen[icl~"J;>/( for f;a'cq1:r~~q;~f-~ ;~cts' i:ik (LE!\)°,aetl:!r~ines,the·valu'e'aft!i'.elands.
com~~r~ial farms. :mu.stt'1fiav~d the _ifollo'W1.Ljg)ift_ ~': . · ~- ..... ; :~ -~ . ·· . . _ .
quahf1cat1ons:(~ 8-W•IEmp)i ..;,,;r~ R
.. 1. ·At:least 18 year.s old at , i'e•UtqEr: of PP,ll.C~~nf;~
-"ttl , ~-rr;,-
-rfifflfcl . '}
.. f
y, ,,.,...,, ~ i
,C:':i"'.i',.· . ·
I
- :
·
·
·
-
· ·
2. With Willingness, .aplit\id.~-,\'and '".;a'hilily.ro;:~- .~ ::-t1si_1r9,r~.iv~ a~l'1;!~}he D~partment of Agrarian
. . If t-.- d . . , l \..JI ~, \\ ·a~ ( {f t~eJ9_AA:,fuA . ' maK~f/ an o~er to the land.owner. If
· 3. r ~~~~;~:~,th~.c~mmef~Jal farrri~etw"~~ ,. ~~ ~~3!%1'11ow2,,~rf?je<;f~the. pffer, _DAR conduct~. a
. . '15, · 19aa'arid June :1'5, 1~~. or _up"b,r. e~ii;,at©~~~./ J§,~~ry,:Jiclm~nisyative·prpc~edu:ig to. qetel1]11Jl(:}
.' ·of deferment (UNG(?S'. supr~~t .40).~ · .(_~C'IEN~ ,Jti.~ .
o.zi:p~nsati~~Jor t~e 1-~~d. ·· . ~.
· · ··· · · · · ·· · '~.· Jr.~... -.::.-~.,,4.~/ .o 6pq:7,,;:$ec 17) · ·
c;~AP_TERy; LAND ACQUISI.TIOni,, '<(..J)A~::'-==::•""· ~-~\.}-/,.:..··. . .·. . . ·. '
· · .· . _ : . · · · 'VJ-·. . 'l\/f
Modes of A:cqu1s1tion· .. '. .. .
foi~U=ij.~JE~tiv_e Deter.minat_ionof ~ust
: ,~;~;..,,,_;.;,;.cp._mp<ens~tion· · , .· :.. . . . . ·, . . ..
Th.e . following are the · mode~ 0f acquisition . . · The - summary ,:a'dmm1sti:at1ve proceedmg shall b,e ·
recogn.ize~;l:_l;!nc;l~rCAR~·; (VoCoD1) cond.ucted'by.:. . . . < . . . • • . ·•
1. Voluntaiyoffer to seJI_ · . : 1-. PARAD ..- ifinitial valuation is·less. than 1 o million.-
2., . Compulsory acqufsitioh (·· 2· RARAD- if inltiai valuaticin· is'.1'0 millibn to 50
3: .. Dire9t'J?~yinents'cheme · · . ·~·million, _' . : · : ·. · . · · .:.:: :·:, · · ·' ·
. , . . . ·' i .DARAS ··~ if initial .-valuation· ·is :more than' 50
·CH APTERVI: COMP.ENSATlON
0 . . . milliqn (2909 DARABRples· of pfo_cedi1te, Sec:
. compensati'on. is:the fu11 and ,fair equivalent va1u~ 1) ..
. _ of. the pr0perty. Just-compens·ation is not on_ly lin;iited ..
. . .to the correct determination- of. the ·amount 'but c'ilso 11.'lodes of Payment .. . . . . .
inpludes
·· .. · .
promP,f
. .
pijyment. (UNGO$.,
.
supra at. 50)... · The following :are the rec;og'niz!,ld modes of payment:
. ' 1,. :Cash · .. ~hd. : firiancial ... ·in.strurnents< of ·. ff,e.
· Factors Used- in· LandValuation ' . · goyernm!,lnt;. '. : • . .. . . .
. The following are th.e . factors'. in the valuation of 2: . Shares · of . stocks· ii"i" gov_e·~n!11ent-6w'ned: o_r.:. .
. lands:·,{CCM) . . . . . ·-· ' . . . · · controlled..corporatiops·, preferr~d shares of. _the
1. : Capitalized .Net lnc_ome (CNI); . Land Bank; physica\ as'sets. pr.' other qualified
.2 .. Comparable.Sale); (QS);. and investments;. . · : · .. . ; : · · · .
3. ·MarketValue (MV) (R.A No. 6657,.Sec.17). 3. · Tax 'credits· which can be used against 'tax.
liat;,ililies;.and . . .

·· 338 201s SAN ~EDA LAW cgNT~1zED a~ .OJ?ERAr191\Js ·

 SPECIAL GROUPS
SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID 2019
tM

4: · .Land Bank Bonds which shall mature every year

441 I

Those
7.
HF9

who
• I

have Obtained , substantially

until the 101h year (RA. No.6657, 'Sec. 18). ·
-.Tti°e landowner cannot insist in -cash payment only
because.lt is not sanctioned by the agrarian reform
law. The Iaw says that the just compensation shall.
be pa°rd partly in· cash and the remaJnder by means.
of bonds, government financial instrumen.is,.shares..
of stock'. in government:. owned or controlled ·
corporation, .. tax credits · or Land Bank· .. bonds
·(Assoc1ationof. Sinai/ Landowners v, Secretary ot
·. Agra.rianRetotm, G.R. No_. 78742,.July 14, 1!}89). ·
f .-
. equlvalent employr:nent, i.e. any employment or
.. profession from which the applicant-farmer
'derives income equivalent to the ·income bf. a
regular farm .Worker at-the time identification.
_screening, and selection.of the beneficiary;
· -·' 8. Those who have Retired or voluntarily resigned
from thelr' employment; . ..
9. Those who have Misused the land or. Diverted
· the financial support services extended by the
go"l(ernment; · · . .- . · . · ·
. ro. l;hose who have-Misrepresenteo material facts
)in thei(basic qualltlcatiens: •! . ."" . ' : . .

l ···cHAPTERVII: LANO·RE;OISTRIBUTiON.·. . . U. Thosewho have Scld.Dleposed or Abandoned

C The landscovereo by the CARP sha.il be distributed : .. the lands awarded to.them by the government;
i·.· .as much as.possible to landless resldentscof the 1:2: Thosewho have Converted aqricultura] landsto
t. same barangays. or in the absence thereof, landless ncn-aqrlcultural use wiV,out.prior approval of the·
, residents of.the same municipality··(R.'A. No. 6657, .: . PAR: : . . · . . ·
i· · · Sec: 22). · 13,, Those· who 'have been finally adjudged Guilty pf .
· : · • · · = :- .,.,c:
1 · · forcible- entry or· unlawfut' deiainer over the
> • • ~ote": "Landless" me-ans- a farmer or tiller wtio o'1rf)::'j<· . property; and · . ·. . · ·· . . · .
·_less than 3 hectares of 'land (R.A.. No. 6657, f~r£(::;;;., 14. !-hose who _have Vi9lated. agrarian retorn:i. laws·.
25).. . . . . . . Fr. .
,! .. f-'""''\ and requlations (DAR A 0. No. _2, series of
. · · .. . · . . · ,t !,.\'"Jt.l,.\{ · 2009).. · ·. . . · ·
.QOalificail~n of-Agrarian R~forr:n-Be_neficia_iy7· t:.:.:· :-1:r~~~t·.~0~. _'.
The follo~1ng are._the .quallflcations ot(_;;i(,farmer.-~JfJ . · Orderof-'E>1stnbut1on . . · . . _. .
. benef!:i~ry: (~i_Re-15-<;u)-.· . _ ·:.,~">":_. : · _J.'\J~ Cpild!~f'! o_f 4~i\
landowner enloy · first _prefere~ce · in
),< ....jrl the d1stnbuJ1qp.'q>fthelandholding. After the children,
1. F1hpmo.C1t1zen; · . . \.\/.t 0

· ,the 1an·dholdi~g is._ located: :-yl . . .~ .... . . rr~

2. ·,Resi9_e~t of tM bcirangay or mu(lic!p_~!~Y.-:-'i9her~ . "':~ the cove~,d Uan-t~~ldihg· will: b~ distribµted to the
;,--:JY',;/ . tonowinQY ~ ·~ . . . · .
. 3._ · At teas! 15 years old _i\lt ttie'.!).'JJe o!:~.e~tificatic_n\;\,.,:·:·} 'I:'· .:_Ag~t~~~r;;~~~~~e-~~
: .
~nd sh.are tenc1nts; ·.·
· · . . ·.

. screening·ar:id selection; ~cf' ~).;'/) \7,,~·· ," 2:· . ·-RWgul~pJ~rrnw_oJ_f<-ers : , · ·,

· 4., WillirJ.g, -able am1-1 eq4ipjJ~!.!..-wilb~P,:iftud~~~: t:;.
1 Jf tfi~je~~·teriants.~nd·regular,farmwork~rs
· Cultivate and make the lano{f}f09-Lict[,;,~ (R.,. j, 1~1 · hav~. ~lre~dY:.receive9 :~eir th_ree (3).hecta.n~·~•
. ;:" "!~· 6_6~7; ~e~•.. 22). :. . ~ .
. ,
~o~2.'
· .., ,.,,
-.· ·i:i,<,,-~.,,·,~1,~•
·: :-'. _)1~.;-~;?,l!~~. rem_ai11irm p~~i~n of l~nd ..will·be. distri~'ut~d·
·1-~r; .. .-~-::. • · ·
~ote: No qualified ben-eficiary -may owt more"'t, •pA--~-~-a-.-·-Se'asonal'farmworkers;··. . ,. . . ·
.three·bectares· of agricultural ..land "(R'qj. .No/6($57, . · b: . Other-farm workers· ··
SfE:C. _i.3). '.. ·,. ··,,. ~!~,;:l.,.\ - .
C. :~d~al"ti_ll~i'~·Of OCC~pants of public··1ands; _
·d. =. Cbll.ective's or ·cooperatives. of ··tlie above:
Dlsq~alificatl~n~ as Benefici_ary •. '.. . . beri~ficiari.es;. and . : .
1.: Thdse who do not meet the bas.ic qualifications;
2. ,·Those'who. have Waived their:"right "t<t become
-: e: .
Others direc:t(y working ·on the land (R.A.
. ·. -No: 6657, Sec,·!?2-A).. . · ..
an agrarian reform :beneficiary in exchange· fqr ,·· .
~ornpensation, provided tl:iat the.waiver ·lias not .
beeri .. questioned ... in- · tile ·P.roper . g9vernment .
to
A~ard Beneficiaries ':. . . . ; : . ' ' .
entity;·· · . · _ . . · lfis th_e mi_nisterial d1..1ty of the ~egiste_r_of Deed to
rE;igister.the ·title of the .land in ·the. name:of registered .
3. · Those who haite Not Paid an aggregate o( 3 . person after the. °Land s·ank of' tli.e. PhiJippines has
. . an'nual airiortizations;· -
certifie·d ·that ·full.-paymen( ~Ith due no·uce · to the
-4: . Those who have Failed. to exercise right of laodoWher .has beeri made, lo register Cei1ific'ate of
.. : redemption/repurchasewith.in 3. yea_rs. r~s~tHng
Land. Ownership Awar~ issue·d·to beneficiaries, an·9
·. jn the foreclosure.ofmortgage by tl']e.La,nd Bank.
to.cancel . ·previous
. . 'titles
.. "(Sec. 24, R,.A.
. No.
. ·66~7).
· . · of the .Philippines of a previously.awarded ·land; ·
RefUsed°.
0

·. § .. ·Thbse·: who · ·to.· pay: 3 annu?I

·. G~oulids for ca~cellatj~n..of CLOA: (Ab.Ne·g-Fail
. . amortizations' for land·· - acquired thro.ugh
f>ay-Mis'-Sale-lllr : . . · . · · ·· · . '. : . ·
voluntary· larJd·,. transfer or . ·direct Pl;!Ym~nt .
.. 1. Aban·donmentof Jan:d; . ·
' scheme, resu'lting in. the· ~e'possession ~.Y .the
2.: Neglect· or misuse of land;
landowner; . 3. Failure to Pav 3 annu~l.amo.rtizations;. ·
5;·, Those wlJo have been Disfriisseo for cause;
4. _Misu"se or ·diversion of ffriancial· and support
services;

2019 SAN BE_DA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OP~~TIONS 339

 SPECIAL .GROU.PS·
SA/'f BEDA 0wcENTRAllZE()BAR OPERA.Tl(!NS- MEMORY.AID-,201fl. .
1&65151·& mm4aw
5. ~. transfer or conveyance of t_he tlght use to leasehold, tenancy, stewardship or otherwise, over
the land; and lands devoted to. agriculture, including disputes
6. filegal conversion of the land· (R.A. No. 6657; concerning farmworkers' associations' or ·.
Sec,24).. · · · representation of person's . in· neqotiatinq, fixing;
. maintaining, cha_nging, or seeking Jo arrange the
. Titles.for Beneficiary , · terms and conditlons otsuoh tenurial arrangements
· General Rule: The land should be awarded to.the · '(R.A. No. 6657, ·sec .. 3(d)).
ind.ividual fan,er-beneficiary ahd ·shquld,be cove'red
by an individu.;31 title: · · ·. Specifica.lly, the·. foliow.ing cases. are within. the
jurlsdiction.of DARAB; .
Exceptjon; If v,·~. beneficiary opts f6t c9llective .1. · · -Rights and obligations of persons jnvolved;
ownership, such as farmers' cooperative, 'coliective· '2. . Preliminary administrative deterrninatlon of just
ownership title may b'e issu.ed.in the name qf the .co..· compensauon: . · ·
· owners or ttie. collective organi2ation '(R.A N,o.665.7, . ·3., .' -Annulrnent or rescission· · .of · lease
Sec. 25).;- · · ·· , . contracts/deeds of sale, or.their amendments;
4. Ejectment · and . · -dlsposseesl on . · . of
Prohibition on Sale or Transfer of Award!3d · · ·. tenants/leasehotders: . . .
. Lands . 5.. Sale, alienation, -pre-emption, redemption of
Aqrartanreform beneficiarlescannot, .wittiir( a pe®-~.....:......~
of. 10 years,. sell or transfer own~rship.~f;:."(a-nd
awarded to them, ~xcept: . ,1;:Y i>.~
u-, . · .1. covere~ a~rk:ultl.iral, l_~hds; . · ··-· ..
:s.!6.~.tcect~on:
- partltlon, _ 1ssuan~es
~Jrewo,lJ.!_1:J!1onof EPs an~ CLOAs reg1st.ered·W)th
a~d

1. ,:-rro~gh hereditary succession/-'~

2. To the Government · ?_,,/" . V/_,?" . ·
r. -~"'""---~-" b~·II . ~~ _
· 7~~~1~W:ot;i~~ehold rentals;
·· .· .
. ·
3. To the land Bank of the ~~,MfPP~ih1 s ·/J ..
-,."":'=-~--=8.""".Q.~)i'e9,!io/l'l0f'~~,?rtizatiori payments, foreclosure
· 4. To 'other ·qualified benefic~rj&f. .';ff.'Np.6657r» ·--,r' ""'7 ar.icl\si.mi(?{r?!~p~es; .
Sec. 27). . .· Jl . ~~- j - ,1 · .It J~
41 ~11. _Bou1~dary;,p1sp~te\;i over covered lands; .
. - . I .. ii. . . '!: ~ _;..((~.
-10 .. Cas1s unMrrqt19i~,aland exclusive jurisdiction
qHAPTER ·
AQJUDICATION
'fitd'4~,J{ . .
XII: : .'~JNIST~TIVE'........._,,...,»,:.......pf~~hf
:>;.~l!t'"<.®ther
defui\;~Ayr~· ,
agrar~rr"""va's s. referred by Secretary of
. ·
. >i4'4 · · · (d~ ~D"t:_r/.·(~_D09 f.i)~ ew Rule.~ and f'roce'dure).·
Department of Agrarian R forf.Q1 r--~ . " · :· ,-::: · · ;'JTc;;:i ;f j . . . .
J;
DAR is _vested with primary Os~;Gli9n fi@i\"{m'I' rt<!~~A~ .. pnot_ entertain a petition for ..
and adJud1c?te ai:ir?na~ r?f~...~ _mafer~1o,~~a ,(,:~~VO~j!Y ~JP~ ~:;?granan reform bene'.1c1anes .
-~ave. ~xclus1ve. original Jun~dift!on· OY:~r-. al~"a~~ .: ~~~~~nl3d)9>1mng· lclfid~wr:ier.becau~e the issue of.
involving the 1~p]ernentat1on'?f ag~~1an _'l'~(Orn:p, . -,.:,,/a~9!!V:'Of~~'ij 0:e~~e~~nt·.oyer pn~'?'t~. ~~~p~tty
~xcept those falling _ur:ider the _e)(cJus1v_e)~dic@~N· rr ..11Jl11ttJ.oJJt.t~p-anc~ re~i1ons 1s outside thf} JUnsd1cti,on o( ..
of DA antl ~ENR (R,A: No: 6657,~ec. 50),_ ~ -...;;;:~,e1?.foRA~~{.~agpJ?a Estat~s v. Court of Appea~s,
· . ·. · . "-:·'-t'.0.11"-...-..,.,.,.~R."\\di. 1fffel~F. JI.fly 5, 2000}. . . . :
.. · Note: Sl!ch j.urisdictiolJ of· the· DA~~s;;/l]ter.~ A:. A"!if'~·p,~~r . ... · .· ·
delegated (to the ,PARAS and to the DAR qecie.@ty). · J.Vl.Lf\lee~arify; in the exercise of quasi-judicial. powers, '
.. Thus, the jurisdiction: qf .the 'DAR ·undet -tli·~..-:&'Af-iABJs'.authorizedt9_: . . . · , ..
.. aforequot-ad_ . provision 'is: · ·.t\."{O':folc:l- . The·. first ·is. 1, Summ~m y...itnesses; ·
essentiaJly· executive · ·and .. - pertairis to the 2 .. : Administ,exoaths; · ·
ei"lfor'c~mei:itano ~dn,inistratibn ofthi3~aws·; carrying · - 3. Ta~~ te$4m9py; · · . . • . .:
them 'in.to practical o'peration and enforcing their due. . 4_. :Recjuir~ submi~sioil of reports;'
observc!nce, ·whTle the second is j4diciai and.involves · "'· 5. lsstie subpoe.n·a·; :; .' .. · ·. .
· the- determination of :rights and· oblig'.atioris· of the 6. Issue-writ~ o:t.execution/p_ossessiortetc.; .·
parties (Soriano . .v. ·_ar~vo; G.f?.. Np. 152086; 7.: Pupi$h' direcVindirect contempt (1 ·.UNGOS,.
Deceml)ed5,·.2010).. · . . · . . supra _at 112-113). ·
, I .. ·.,
Depart,ment ·~t. Agrarian .Adjudication'.· Board .. - .•. DAR ~ecr-;;tary or his authorized,repre.sentative· .
(DARAB) ' . .. . . . .... · .. . . Tlfe. Secreta.ry of.. DARY;. or his ..' duly autl;lorfzed .
. The. Board shall . hav~. primary ar.id exciusive ·r~presentative,' . h~s . the.. pr,imary. jurisdiction to ..
jurfsdiction, bo'th original and appellate, to'det1;irn:iine determine and ,adjudicate agrarian reform matteis.
a~d . a<;:ljudicate .. ' all ' - agrarian . disputes, cases,. . (RA. No.C657, Sec. 50-A). . . . .
·.·. . . .. :
c.ontrqyersies, and matter or incil:ients invof\iing the
implementation of)he "CARP (2.009 DARAB New Note·: Should a·.party d,irect!y file
.a case ,.,.;ith the.··
Rule~ and Procedure}. - · ·. regul,ii'r court_ ancj P.leading alleges .that the· 9ase is ·. ·
Note: Agrarian Dispute refer~ to ·aJJy controversy: agrarian in nature and orie:of'the p:arties is a farm·er,.·
relatin~ 'to tenurial'· _arrangements, 'whether farmworker,
.•
or tenant,. ·the Court should· .
not dismiss'
.•

340 I 2019·SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALiZED ElAR <;)PERATIONS

 t
;}·.
;,

. . .
the case. lnstead, it should refer the matter to the Note:'.A mere· r~~ia~~ifkation of an agricultural land
DAR for the· purpose of· determining whether an does· not at,1ton:i9.ilci:1IIY allow the landowner to
agr_~ri~n dispute 'exlsts (1, UNG(?~. supra 122). a( change its use. H,e has to Ul'"!dff~O the pr9CeSSOf
conversion ·bMo"re· he . is permitted to use the
T,he ·. following cases . fall° within . the .' exclusive" agricultural farid for other' purpo~~s (Jd.). . .
[urlsdictionof the DAR Secretary: . ·
. 1. Classification ·and identification of landhold]ngs · The . ·following . :~·fe ~bsoiutely prohibited from
forcoverage; · · · · .· . conversion: (Prolr_Fi:iPri) · · ·· · . . . ·.
2: ldentiflcation of_.qlialified benefitjaries; 1_ . Agri~ultural tands v.rithin· Protected areas.
· i . Subdivision surveys bf covered lands; . 2. . All ![rigat_edlands. . .. . .
~. 4. lssuance, recall or cancellation ·. ot. Cl Ts 3. All iirigabl·e lands. .already covered by irrigation
incJudiflg -EPs and CLOAs; __; projects.wnn Fuiiiding commitments. . ".
5.. Ri~hf,ofretentic:>noflandciwner; .4. All i=.igdcolfural · lands: with '. irrigation' 'fadlities-.
. 6. · Appllcation for exemption; . . . operated · by · Private . · orqanizations · (DAR
7. '. Application for conyerslo11; .AdirJiri[stra.tive Order No:'01-9.9, Sec. 4). . ~- .
1L. 8 .. · Right to hornelots; . .. · · · ·
;.
9. Dlsposltlon of excess area; The- following 'areas' are' highly .restrleted · from
10 .. 'Irarisfer, surrenoer: or abandonment of c_onve_r:5io_n:(lrAgro-Htigti-Val-Cdt_ic'.31). .
· iarrrihoidings; · ·. 1. !rnga~le land_s no covered by irng~tton proJec~s;
11-.. Increase of awarded area;. . . . .,".::--. 2. - ~qro-1~dus_tnal_.croplands,or lands planted with
12. Conflict in claims in . landed , estates aod~;/:i:i' .: . m~ustn.al cr.o~s; . · ., .
: settlements (Rresidentlai Decree No. 946 Sefb°'f.("'(\,,. 3. H1ghl_an~s or areas located m elevations _of 500
· 12). · · _ ' ~-·!.~·_v..i: _~'(\ · ' meters ?r above; . . _ .,
· , · . . . \l JL-~;~:J. ~Land:>. ~sued. with notice. of valuat100 and
Judicial Review ·
Any decis_i~m. '?rder, award or ruljng_9
. . .,c~:l
!.J?.ef.J?~R on~./
}J·'t~~i:}~q,~~~m~;:' .
! '."1 · ·. .
.. -:--i?Q.'i!fQD:l,~mlallycrit1cal -, areas. det~rmmed by
· r,

. any agra~an_.~1sp~te.or:o.n any m:attei~pettammg \?'L._j .". DENR.{~\ . .._ . . . .

!~e _apphqat1~n, J?1pleme~tatJon, enl<;>tf(~e~~ .,9r"'l:.~ ,Note: !.t1f~fl \ands ar13 _hig~ly re~~ricted f~om.
,. mtE3r~retatJQn of this .~.ct a_n9other_J>.~"'f.tlf!,r.ltJ~son I~.· .conver.$io'n· qeca\ise .t.~ey ·requ1r.e, a_part from the
awanan reform_ mc;1t b_e . brQ~_.stJf,,fo.
i_ :~e_rGou~ 9t: 1~} 7
~ti'!n,dari_'.frecigirerlr,rnts, ~ p~oject fea ibility._study ad
,; ~PP~~ls ._by. ~erbo_r.an _e~c~pt ~1;;,~.t~~t provide~ i•Jl ·. env,~Wf'P.!lJ~1-~cl>-?).Pha_nce .. · ce"rt1ficate · (DA/'? .
;. 6657'.Se_~i{?. ,:-~~- -).1~ / iiir
_1_n.th1s act_<R.:A. _Ne:·: ·Admmt.~!t:1t~;.fflf/~Pfvo. 01-f}9, Sec: p). •'. .
.· . ;:ri~::g;:~~;, c:a~?.!.~;~;i~;;~r.;c~}~ o~{~;,. ·J~f~J;;-;~;~~~:i:r~5p~_ni_~ha,bJ~by. j~p-~so~~~~t 61 si~·.
;
t. j··
,-_.. · pet1t1ons.for·the deJermmabon of J_ust S?.~.P.~n~a~o~ '..,-/~'f~._l~~)7,@°f-~,:~,ml one .(1) day to _1.2 year~. or a. fine .of !
to land_own~rs. a!'d the prqsecut1oni9:f(all.criiJ:i'ir,[aJI,'·!i~i~pfip2G0;900-Php1",000,000"_or, both: . ·:. ·. , · . ·
offenses· Ul')derthis Act (R.A. No. 6657t,1~Sec. 5,7-ff 1. 'Conversion . of· agiic\.,iltural "land .. to void .
·. : · . . ; . · . '\~}ti~ . . application_ot CAR,L; ·... . . , .
. Note:. The. Supreme. Court shall ,designate at least -2. . Prevention or obstruction · · of·. · CARP
·. -one·R"TC_br~r:)-Ch withi,:i_·_each p~ovH,ceto act as.
SAC.. implementati"on;. . '· ·
In exercising its ju·~sd.iction,-the .SAC may-_app.oint 3.. ·Sale, tra_nsfer,.conveyance cfr .change of nature
-one or·mor~ comrnissiohers to _examine, investigate : ·oflands.outside urban· centers· and , .. · . ·. ·
. and)ispertain facts relev~nt to ·the. dispute.. Jf.a party. . -4 .. 'L:Jndll~ delay i_n ce.rtlfy{ng!attesting·or fal~ifying.
disagrees fo" fhe findings· of. fact, he: may file. an . ,.·certification. · .. · · ., ·
· objecti_on within .10 :days (R.A. No. 6657,. Sf:?: 56). : . . . . .
. . . Trie· followihg.ar~ punfsh~ble ·PY i~prisonm~nt of ~ ..
· Co1wirsion._ofL-arid , . . · . . ·. . · years and 1 day to 6 "years .br a.
fine of. P50,0.00~ · ·
. c_o~ve'l"sio,11·is the act qf cti~nging.t~~c~rrent use 'of . P150,000, _pr both: . ' '. .

f .· . a piece- of agricu!tural land· ihto some other l:1se 1

UN(!OS, supra at. 134". · ·. · ·· · : · · :·. ·.
1,·· 0Wl'!~rship/posses~i9n··of _agricuitura.l land~ ifi:"
. · excess of r.etention limits; · · · ·· · · · ·

f.f · Reclassiffo.ation. is· the . act of ·sp~_cjfying ht>W ·

· · a,9ricU.t.tUrallandS. she:tll be u,mze·d for rion~ag"ri9~1tural ·
2.. Forcible entry or· illegaL detairier of unqu:alified.
. . . benefici~ries; ·. : ,
. 3.· . Sale, transfer, conveyance . of. right to use ·or
. . .

t · .... ' uses·such as resideDti~I; fndustric!I, and commercial; . .other usufructuary right; . . . . . . . . .. .
l as,. ~mbodies in: :the. land use plan; subject to the . 4. · :unjustified,willfu( ·m~licious· ad .of responsible

v
~ .requirements·. and'. proc,edure·s . (or laJJd 'use - of
cbnversiori (la.); •. .
officer;: · ·· ·
5. Undue delay or failure t6.sl,.!bmit required report
·

r jhvolving CARP implementation:(R.A. No. 6657,

Sec.74). · · ·· · · ·
t·
~
2019 SAN BED.¢,. LAW CENTRALIZED BA9 OPERATIONS I "'341
 SPECIAL. G·ROUPS·.
SAN-BEDA,LAWCEN7JlAUZ£0 BAR O~ERATIONS- MEMORYAIO 2019
i&C· MM~.·

THE TENANT -THE CODE·OF AGRAfUAN

·EMANCIPATION.LA w· RE'.Fo.RMs (R.A.. ·No~ 3844)
.
(P.-D_.27)
Note:· . :.R.A. No. 3844 supplements . the
P.D, 27 supplements the Comprehensive Agrarian Comprehensive Agraria.n Reform -Law, Its main
Reform L~w. It applies only to· private, agricultural objective Js t? cr~a_te srstem of owner-cultivatorship .
lands prima~ily deyoted to rice and corn under the · and econormc famlty-slze farm (1 UNGOS, supra at . ·
159J. .· . . ' . .
share tenancy· ·iea~e-tenancy '(1. UNGOS, supra
151)- . '· .•

Stages·of,Land. Transfer · · . . . and

T.he land transfer under· P.O. g7 is effected fri :two
staqes, namely; · · · ·

2.

I
I.

II.
I
1 ..
I
I·

.. '.
. -.-

~ .. . . . -·. .
. {1 UNGOs,· supra_ at 160) .

. ~ighf ~f)>re-e~ption · . .
·.-_ The agricultural lessee has the preferential' riglll to.
· '""·. . . :If bu'y tlie' - land actually cultivated by tiim under·
ttie landowner :h~s- 'if · ·. · the. · ·. . lanc;lowner
already . exercised h°is chooses': to retain :.5 . -~~-,~
reasonable terms .and ·co'.ndhions · (R.A._· No.· 3844,
. . . .. · .
. right· of· retention . in P_D.. ti'ect.~re:{ :l!l)der: CARL, . · :
'4,7 .he, can ·no ·lot:19er the .. T. ·, hectares' Right of Rec(ernption . .
exercise. retention· ri~ht' previously. r~fa1ned· · by . · : If the Janel .was. sold . to a· . th.ird .person without the
' under ... the .~ARL him;' under PD _27 shall . knowl~dge of.the agric;u'rtural iessee: thelatter shall
However, he can. keep 'be "placeo" lmrnedlately .. •. have the right to redeem the same at.a reasonable
t~e 7-hectare retention under the coverage-. of .. price: arid co.nsideration to the extent -'of t'he 'area
limit granted under PD the CARL · . ~ctuaily-cultivated.by
. ~ . him (R.A. . . .
No. . 3_844, Sec.
..
12r.
..
27:' . . .- .

· 342 '1 2019 SAN BE;DA LAW CENTRAUZ~D-BAR OPERATIONS

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2019 SAN BEDA_lAW CENTRALIZED BAR .OPERATIONS 1. 343

 B.I BLIOG:RAP .HY
S'AN BEDA 'l;/\W.CF.N_TRALIZED B1JR OPERATIONS.~ MEMOR.Y A}0.:2C119 ··

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$44 I .201.~ SAN SEDA LAW C.ENTRAt:IZED BAR OPERATIONS

 • 1'" ~ . •
~ -:: ~- .'
. - .

·.·'-
Bl BLIOGRAPHy-·
r BAR OPERATIONS - MEMORY AID io,9·
SAN BEDA LAW CENTfl!lL/:fED.

{.'
;.·.·
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2019 SAN BEDA J..AWCENTRALIZED.. BAR OPERATIONS I ~45 ·