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Present tense
-er verbs
o Remove the –er and add the following ending
o -e -ons
-es -ez
-e -ent
o Examples: Parler (to speak), Travailler (to work), Habiter (to live), Jover (to
play), Aimer (to love), Monter (to climb), Rester (to stay)
-cer verbs
o Removes the –er and add the regular –er endings
o Note: In nous, c becomes ç
o Examples: Announcer (to announce), Commencer (to commence), Lancer (to
throw)
-ger verbs
o Remove the –er and add the regular –er endings
o Note: In nous, -ons becomes –eons
o Examples: Manger (to eat), Voyager (to travel), Interroger (to interrogate),
Corriger (to correct)
-yer verbs
o Remove the –er and add the regular –er endings
o Note: y changes to i for all but nous and vous
o Examples: Enuoyer (to send), balayer (to sweap), essvyer (to wipe), payer (to
pay), essayer (to try)
Last 3 last 2 verbs
o Remove the last three letters for je, tu, il/elle and add s, s, t
o Remove the last two letters for nous, vous, ils/elles, and add regular endings
o Examples: Partir (to leave), sortir (to go out), dormer (to sleep), sentir (to smell),
server (to serve), Mettre (to put), suivre (to follow)
-eler verbs
o Remove the –er and add the regular endings
o Note: l becomes ll in all but nous and vous
o Examples: Appeler (to call), epeler (to spell)
-ir verbs
o Remove the –ir and add the following endings
o –is -issons
–is -issez
–it -issent
o Examples: Finir (to finish), remplir (to fill), obeir (to obey), reussir (to succed),
choisir (to choose)
-re verbs
o Remove the re and add the endings
o -s -ons
-s -ez
--- -ent
o Examples: Vendre (to sell), attendre (to wait for), responder (to respond),
descendre (to desend), entendre (to hear)
-ir - -er verbs
o Remove the –ir and add the –er endings
o Examples: Offrir (to offer), ouvrir (to open), couvrir (to cover)
Pair verbs
o Following verbs are pair verbs
Il pleut Il faut
Completely irregular
Examples: Etre (to be), avoir (to have), voir (to see), savoir (to ), recevoir (to receive), devoir (to
owe), boire (to drink), connaitre (to know), courir (to run), rire (to laugh), lire (to read), ecrire( to
write), aller (to go), s’asseior (to sit)
Used for giving a command or an order
There are three grammatical persons that can be used in the imperative: tu, nous, and
vous
The conjugations are same as the present tense but the subject pronoun is not used in the
impartive
Note: For the –er verbs and the –ir - -er verbs the “s” is not added for tu
Examples:
Examples:
Etre:
Futur
For all –ir and –er verbs add the following endings:
o -ai -ons
-as -ez
-a -ont
Eg: Finir
Finirai Finirons
Finiras Finirez
Finira Finiront
Boirai Boirons
Boiras Boirez
Boira Boiront
Irregular
o Appeler: Appeller-
o Envoyer: Enverr-
o Venir: Viendr-
o Tenir: Tiendr-
o Faire: Fer-
o Pouvoir: - Pourr-
o Vouloir: Voudr-
o Pleuvoir: Pleuvr-
o Falloir: Faudr-
o Etre: Ser-
o Aller: Ir-
o Avoir: Aur-
o Devoir: Devr-
o Savoir: Saur-
o Voir: Verr-
o Recevoir: Recevr-
o Courir: Courr-
Passe compose
Past tense
Consists of 2 words: Etre or Avoir + Word in past participle
o Past participle:
Regular
–er verbs: Remove er and add e in its place
–ir verbs: Remove r
–re verbs: Remove re and add u in its place\
Irregular
-ir - -er verbs
o Ouvrir – Ouvert
o Couvrir – Couvert
o Offrir – Offert
Last 3 last 2
o Mettre – Mis
o Suivre – Suivi
Pair verbs
o Venir and tenir => Venu and Tenu
o Prendre and Comprendre => Pris and Compris
o Dire and Faire => Dit and Fait
o Pouvoir and Vouloir => Pu and Voulu
o Pleuvoir and falloier => Plu and Fallu
Completely irregular
o Etre – ete
o Avoir – eu
o Savoir – su
o Voir – vu
o Recevoir – recu
o Devoir – du
o Boire – bu
o Connaitre – connu
o Rire – ri
o Lire – Lu
o E’crire – ecrit
Passe recent
Futur proche
Il ne faut pas jeter vos papiers dans la rue (Don’t throw the paper in the street)
Ne jetez pas vos papiers dans la rue
Why ? – Pourquoi ?
What ? – Que ?
When ? – Quand ?
Where ? – Ou ?
Which ? – Quel ?
Who ? – Qui ?
How much ? – Combien de ?
How ? – Comment ?
Formula for question: Question tags + verb + Hypen (if noun is given, no hypen)
+ subject pronous + Remaining sentence
III. Conjugation
IV. Conjugation
V.
VI. Reported speech
VII.
VIII.
IX. Compare
Plus – (+)
Moins – (-)
Assui (adj) or autant (verb/noun) – (=)
Formula: Subject pronoun + verb + sign + adjective or noun + que + object pronoun
X. Matching
XI. Authorization
XII. Letter
XIII. Essay
XV.