Maria Jose Lera, Knud Jensen and Frode Jsang

" !

! (" ' )' * + ,- . # $ %& ' ''

12" 34' (Emmer and Stough 2001) ./ ' /' $ -& #/ 0 '
(1970) 67 8 Jacob Kounin . 5 )'

=, " > ? .' 34' ; >? 8 : ) / ); < / Kounin 9 '

= =? * )@ A 2 12
? + B /' =, '
@ ? + , 2 ) 6 '/% ,? C ' ? *
, 2 , ;
5 A / )@ D 9 , ' >? , '
A ,- D 8" , / ,- E '
, 2' /? - 2' > ? * -" F' '

+ A/ 37' 9 , ' )' / & Kounin '

) E D $, ,5" > ? = / + E , - >?
$ , @" +' ' ?8 ' , / )@ 1 2 " 6 ? (Kounin 1970) , '
+' ' % ; /? > & - = ;5 +' ' % >&

19090-1-COM-1-2.1 11
, ' >? ' >? E & 2D 5 ? + '
)@ $ 4 ' 7/$ G@ (Ogden 1987) > & , @" +' ' %
'5 ? ' D $ ./4- G@ = . % ' * -" , @ $ 2
E , '5 ?D 9

2 5 A / )@ FD / ) E '
) ' H/ >? 34' ./4- ' 9 $ 9 , ' > ? =Nordahl
(Nordahl 1998) )
-' ,- ' ' > ? 37 : I$
M >& M )/ L J = K < ?8& ) / + 1 2 )/
I #'/ , - $ / 2$
IM >& M L 5 / N 2 /% 2 , -' = ? '+% 8 I
E #/$ ? 5 2' D E/ O 8/ , '@ , - =6 '/% + I<
IM >& M L
J = .' E/ 5 - ' % ,- : ) + ? I
IM > & M L

9D > & . : 7' )' , - 6. ' FD )/

6 5 . $ P, ? ? >& >? D( $ ' /+ ?-
> ? B' 5 A 2& : 7' = / 3 PE & 5 >? 5 2'
+ 6 '? A - > & #/ ( =3 3 P ? , - B ? $ ' +
*%7 '- $, ?A >& I L Roland - 5 Q - >? -

E5 ? 8/ & E , , - 9 , ' )@ + *%7

E ,
'' .+ /? + , - @ ' % *%7
E ,

19090-1-COM-1-2.1 12
, ' E5 #/ .+ )/ ' > ? 5 ( *%7
E
+ 0 ' ' -/ #/' * ' *%7
+ '
? , ' ? *%7

8 '' ( .@ .@ & $ ' ' $

. 1 3 / E & )@
R D 95 ' > ?
D E5 ? 8/ ,2 > ?
+2 2 , @" +' ' % F' )@ ' >?

E , E ' * G 0 '' / +' ' A >& I L Daniels -

5 O / ,@ /$ + G > " + ' ' % ,3 ''

S K -/ S 2 B : S B : S / )'

,- . E5 ' $ )@ ' ).@ / 3 +' ' % $

,- . ' $ )@ ' 2 /" E 3 3 +' ' % '

; 89 @$ ' #2 T /) +' ' %

Q ' ,+$ B @$ F' ).@ " +' ' % $

/"

19090-1-COM-1-2.1 13
 5 ? . , = @E , , 2' )' +' ' % 0 '' % =
: =E5 + ' > ? .' 5 ' %$ P $, % U /+
. 2' )@ V ' $ 2$ '

*)- $ $ >/ W +' ' W +/ 1 2 = 4 , 2 ' * $ C +

V % .@ =B ? . +' ; $V ' + B' 8 +/& B
A? + . D )' . F' $ B ? * $ )@ B'5 ?& ./4- E5 $ +
. .@ > & > = B/ 2 , '. : W) ' $ ) '% W = '
, - * $ >? C @ ' $ + = F )@ E , . -&
E & ' ) 8 '

.+ ; 5 ,? ' 2 ?5 >? B' & )/ : '

* -/& )@ 3 '. = . /$ 9 ,? ' $ >/ 12 =
3 )? + ' ? + -/ ' / ' >? 5
) H/ 5 ' + . =B /

5 / ' >? ' 1 2 =: ' ' A

)@ E , ./ 8 +/G 5 D >? 8 '
( @ $ = -/ / B' - & O ' >& O ' %
9D R 12 = ( .+ ;5 > E , , @
= .@ 4' ) ; " R 3 =E $ +
. . ,2

V H , " $12= ,; 0 @ +
, .@ )/ 3 O / $ B' > ? #@ 2 ) ; ./ /& 9D + ,?
R ' ,- , - 9 B ' >& @D =: @ , - , - 9 #'/ , -

19090-1-COM-1-2.1 14
>? @ E ' * / " . =/ ,5 .
. ' )' +' ' %

5 )@ ' 0 9 ' = #/ .+ )@ @ ' % ? #/ !F

' E ' % $ ? 9@ .# $ = ' B' / ' ' , $ 1 2 =E
D 5 +/ / = $ 2' ? > & )? =@ ' % 2 )@ +/
- >& 5 : ? ' 0 ? .+ >? 5 % 12
.- 2 4 B' ( $B * / " B /
8 ! ( = 5 ,# )@ .'.+ ? ,
, ;8 A : )@ A ,3 ' E 5 )@
D , ' 9 + 4 ' 1 2 = 5 " 9 + )@ " 9 + B' 5
FD 20 B/4- B : & , - @ >? 8 '
)@ ' 1 2 = . D% /+ ,3 C $ @ ' %2 + ) '
$E & )@ B $ D $) - , - 6 D .+ ; 9 + $ 2 6
>? ) B ?$ > ? ( B ' $ D
>? 5 2D +' ' ' 0 ? 2' $ 9' : +/ = )@
>? , , E 6 +' +& 5 ? A 2$ B2 ) +& ) ' H/ 0
2

< / 1 3 >& . 12 = U / ' (Lewis 1999) Lewis = X A/ >?

2 ? , " < / A (Lewis, 1998) , ' ( ,? ' , ' ) #/
K " / = . /$ 2 >? 5 ( $ C 12 = 0 ?
.' *% ' )@ Q @ @ @

' , ?G 7 $ = 2 )@
" $ (Hansen 1993) 5 " (Weinstein 1998) ? ,3 -
>& -/ 2/ = ' )@ " ? 1 2'/ /? (Richardson and Fallona 2001)
, -' E , B' D .#' )' B' - $ )5 "

19090-1-COM-1-2.1 15
, 2' ' E " 8' % / , P . 2' )@ .# )' - 5 "
(Richardson and Fallona 2001) B' Q - #/ : /

,5 ) ? ' / + )@ ' +' /' =>/ .

, ?A > & Bru et al - (Bru, Boyesen et al. 1998) >? ' ' + 3K
(Bru, Stephens et al. 2002)

U) ? 4+ B/$ - :
B @ ' ,/ . 9' ' :
. ' ? >? 34' V :
B' -/ > ? 9 ' :
D8 ' 2 B' & $ , ' 9 ' :
K

Zipora D $ =(Norris 2003) ) )? '+% ' $ Norris =0 A/

8 8 ' )@ 4 : ' % ' A ' )' ,; & Shechman
(Shechtman and Leichtentritt 2004)

$ % # !"
' 81 3 , - E / ' // =0 8+&
' ? #/ 0 '' , -
5 0 '' , -
0 '' , -

/ 1 3 2' ( /? , - V '
! ..+ / = ' ? / , 4' , - 6 9 , ' % @
4'

19090-1-COM-1-2.1 16
 / 2' )@ ? ./4- )' R ' / =, 2 )@
- ,2 ! @ 5 5&

& ' (
)* + ! A +/ = ?

$ + 12 = $ 3" / ' = 0 '' #/ 6 > $

' ' ? /$ ' + ,- B ? $ ) 8 + + '
9@ ) J = ' @ * 5 $ - ? * 5 $ * /F $E 0F 4
$ + ./ 8 ' >? , 2 C 6 '/% C '
#'/% @ =E , + 9 + >? 8 '
)@ - ,2 $R E 5 ,3 ' 8 ' $
6

(& "
6 '/ + # ( -& ' 0 ? G >/ #/ X
5 + / = ./ 95 ' $ =I 3 9@ ' 4 L
J =! / 1 2' . ' ,

E $ & . ' E )' +' ' % O / 8 ' )/ 3 #/ 0 '

! S *)- R - $ / ' * ?& $ & $ B 9' $
= ' 5 K ! = 9 + $ . >'2 * . E ' 5 K ! =H
2D +' ' ' ! 5 : ' 4' > & 4+ 5 U
,+ )@ B ' E , C $ 8 8 ' $ 1 3 4
>? ' 5 ?D $ FD ' 8 ' +' ' ? Y'/ , F
SE , 8 '

19090-1-COM-1-2.1 17
 , &- "
$ , - B' 7 )@ ( ' : $E 9 + ) + X 3 > & B '/

' C + ' 12 = ' + -/ 1 3 #/ 0 '

8 ' > ? #@ 2 $ -/ > ? 8 $ + + ' '4
4 >? 8 ' 0 2' )@ 0 ,. ,3 '' B .
8 ' >& @D = /K . ' 2/ . '/ 8 ' 8 2' ?
) 9 , ' $ >? B5 ' ) + >?
.+ ,5 .2 2 ) / + , - +?8

# & - . ) "
9 , ' ?, , =E , , $A 9 $! ' , +' %
,2 - ,- )/ ? > & #/$ = >? ,3 5 A / )@
* . -

E =E , -/ F'' /? '/% 2 > 9 #/ ,3 '

8 '/% ,2 6 '' $ + U >& A = U >&
/ 5 )@

/ / "
, ' ) , - ,; , ' -/ #/' ' /$ 4'

=68 +/& $ B 2' ' , 4' ' ' =/ + ' 0 '@ A #/ $

S )@ 8 / $ + >? = $: =6 / ': = +

19090-1-COM-1-2.1 18
 * (& // & "
, ./ /? ' 8 8 ' ! (" 5 #/' 6 E 4''
. 2 )' + 8 +/ PB ' 68+/$ @ DV 12= +
68+/ B ' E : D )@

+ 0
+ #/ .+ 9 $ 4 2' < /

+' ' % ' , D 4 0 2' )@ . ' =, " C ' )@

+& ? , - 9 , ' ' ) 8 +

) "
= >& ' =! / ' = / , -L * . - ,2
IA $ ,5 $
# ( - Z
D ' % F Z
5 ' * & Z
) B+ ' Z
/ ' Z
;8+ 5 '% =IE 5 ' L +2 Z
I D@ L % * .'/% /? - Z

,; ' 6 '/ > ? #@ 2 0 ? D/% D /3 D ,3 ''

67 $V2 ' B , ' )@ '

19090-1-COM-1-2.1 19
 ' "
- $ ) / //$ %& = ' )@ ) " >? ! '
=(Rogers 2002) , 5 >? $ R >? , @$ ; @ '$=
5 2

6 , \ /' -& + , 2 )? [ A 2 ) 3 3 .
E? D + ?8& 3 $ 2 = ' % = '/ ,5$ V = 2
E , FD '

1 *0 "
8 + B @ ]@

$ U $ >? 8 ' 0 ? $ D/% ! @ ?G " 2 '

34' C '

20 & 3 4 "
, .';8+' , 2 / $ /" > & #/$
(Dreikurs, Grunwald et al. >? 8' % 3 Dreikurs : '? (,
. , 2 E : ) / , @ 5 2 =1982)
Q - * 8.' % 0; ( B/$ V D ' > & , 7 E. S 5A
? ') A/ ? ' + 24 D % $ SB
/8 ' 3$ ? 2 E5 )@ / .@ > ?
5 2 =(Dreikurs, Grunwald et al. 1982)

* 1 (
' 1 3 >? +' ' .+ E , - ,2 Q -' ' (

19090-1-COM-1-2.1 20
! / X ' ' 1 2 =); .' C ' , " C ' >
? ,; * ?& )- ' - ,- #/

5 (6 7 2+ "
2 #/$ =(Rogers 2002) ,5 B2 D ' 95 ' @ + 3
;5 ) , 2 5 ' ? ? 3 $ >& 5 2 -' = D $ P 5
' )@ 02 =W , " - W >& ? " 0 2 $ >?
5 2 =(Rogers 2002) '2 9 , '

( "
. \ 6 +' 3$ ; 3$ 2 $ @$ $ 4'
+ ' 2 6 E ' , 2= )@ .' 2 F , = 8" ' ? +
#/ - '% 0 ?

' ' ?& -/ F' 1 2 = #/' */ C ' )/ 3 C ' ^

C $ + * $A $ -/ #/' ?& ? + )@

1 & '8 "

$ A )@ B @ + , 2 . 5 ' ? A 9 1 2'
* + ./ 2' )' 5 $ @ ? $ $ ,; ? . 1 2'
) . '

5 .+ FD $ ' 1 2 = .+ " C ' 0 '

? + >? - ,2 , '

# 0 & "
5 O 4 \ 9 , '

19090-1-COM-1-2.1 21
 - & ? @ D& >? , 2
framework form management discipline, pag. 57-58-59 (Rogers 2002); Addressing
disruptive behavious during instructional time page 43 (Rogers 2002); method to
approach conflicts (Holton 1999); and more techniques in (Newhouse and Neele
1993).

1. Bru, E., M. Boyesen, et al. (1998). “Perceived Social Support at School and Emotional
and Musculoskeletal Complaints among Norwegian 8th Grade Students.” Scandinavian
Journal of Educational Research 42 (4): 339-353.
2. Bru, E., P. Stephens, et al. (2002). “Student´s Perceptions of Class Management and
Reports of Their Own Misbehavior.” Journal of Shool Psychology 40 (4): 287-307.
3. Dreikurs, R., B. Grunwald, et al. (1982). Maintaining sanity in the classroom.
Classroom management techniques . London, Taylor & Francis Ltd.
4. Emmer, E. and L. Stough (2001). “Classroom management: a critical part of
educational psychology, with implications for teacher education.” Educational
Psychologist 36 (2): 103-112.
5. Hansen, D. T. (1993). “The moral importance of teacher's style.” Journal of
Curriculum Studies 25 (5): 397-421.
6. Holton, S. (1999). “After the eruption: managing conflict in the classroom.” New
Directions for teaching and learning 77 : 59-69.
7. Kounin, J. (1970). Discipline and group management in classrooms . New York,
Rinehart and Winston.
8. Lewis, r. (1999). “Teachers' support for inclusive forms of classroom management.”
Inclusive education 3 (3): 269-285.
, 7 03 %+ ' 12 = , 2 C7 ' Q2
)@ -& $ > & %& )@ 6 2 : " '+ ? ' 2 5
B 7 2D + = ' ,- . 3 ' ' )' " $ '
/ ? - . 6 , -' 2/ +/ 6 Q @ #/
/ ./ ' . ?& A $ & = .'+
9. Newhouse, R. and M. Neele (1993). “Conflict resolution: an overview for classroom
management.” International Journal of Educational Management 7 (3): 4-8.
10. Nordahl, T. (1998). “Er det bare eleven?” Nova Rapport 12.
11. Norris, J. (2003). “Looking at classroom management through a social and emotional
learning lens.” Theory into practice 42 (4): 313-318.
12. Ogden, T. (1987). Atferdspedagogikk i teori og praksis, Universitetsforlaget.
13. Richardson, V. and C. Fallona (2001). “ Classroom management as method and
manner.” Journal of Curriculum Studies 33 (6): 705 - 728.
14. Rogers, W. (2002). Classroom Behaviour . London, Paul Chapman Publishing.
15. Shechtman, Z. and J. Leichtentritt (2004). “Affective teaching: a method to enhance
classroom management.” European Journal of Teacher Education 27 (3): 323-333.
16. Weinstein, C. S. (1998). “I want to be nice, but I have to be mean: exploring
prospectives of teachers' conceptions of caring and order.” Teaching and teacher
education 14 (2): 153-164.

19090-1-COM-1-2.1 22