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\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-440\slmult0
\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {KENDALA DAN PELUANG DALAM PRODUKSI }\b0 \par\pard\
li2560\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b { PERTANIAN ORGANIK DI
INDONESIA }\b0 {\super \fs20\up5\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {*) }\b0 }\par\pard\li3960\
ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3960\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Oleh : Tino Mutiarawati ** }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-400\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PENDAHULUAN }\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Komitmen Pemerintah: Tahun 1992 Indonesia secara resmi telah menentukan
sikap }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {untuk ikut
dalam program pelestarian lingkungan dengan ikut menandatangani }\par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Agenda 21 dalam KTT Bumi di
Rio de Janeiro. Agenda tersebut mengharuskan setiap }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {negara menyesuaikan kebijakan pembangunan
pertaniannya pada prinsip Pertanian}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Berkelanjutan (Sustainable Agriculture) dan memasyarakatkan
konsep pertanian }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{berkelanjutan tersebut. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Konsep pertanian berkelanjutan tersebut di beberapa tempat
diterjemahkan dengan}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {pelaksanaan berbagai sistem pertanian antara lain : }\par\pard\
li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx1853\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Organic Farming (Pertanian Organik) }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\
slmult0 \*\tx1853\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Ecological Farming (Pertanian Ekologi) }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\
tx1853\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Biological
Farming (Pertanian Biologis) }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx1853\fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alternative Farming
(Pertanian Alternatif) }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx1853\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {-}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Nature Farming (Pertanian
Alami) }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx1853\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{-}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Integrated Farming (Pertanian Terpadu) }\par\
pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx1853\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\tab \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Regenerative Farming (Pertanian dengan sistem regenerasi) }\
par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx1853\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\tab \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Low-External Input Farming (Pertanian dengan
penggunaan input-luar yang }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {rendah) }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx1853\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {-}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Balance-Input Farming (Pertanian
dengan penggunaan input berimbang) }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx1853\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Precision Farming
(Pertanian \uc1\u8220Xtepat\uc1\u8221X) }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\
tx1853\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\
u8220XWise-use\uc1\u8221X of Input Farming (Pertanian dengan pemanfaatan limbah) }\
par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\
sl-226\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {*) Makalah disampaikan pada Ceramah
Ilmiah Himpunan Mahasiswa Sosial Ekonomi }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas
Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 15 April 2006. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {**)Staf Pengajar Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas
Pertanian, Universitas }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 { Padjadjaran. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
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margtsxn666\margbsxn466\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\
ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \
fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Pengertian Pertanian organik : }\b0 \par\pard\li1493\
ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \*\tx1946\fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Merupakan sistem
pertanian yang bertujuan untuk tetap menjaga keselarasan}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-
413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(harmoni) dengan sistem alami, dengan
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charscalex100 {semaksimal mungkin proses-proses alami dalam pengelolaan usaha
tani }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Kasumbogo
Untung, 1997). }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \*\tx1946\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Suatu sistem
pertanian yang tidak menggunakan bahan kimia buatan; }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-
413\slmult0 \*\tx3413\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mewujudkan}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {sikap dan perilaku hidup yang menghargai alam; dan}\par\pard\
li1946\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx9040\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {berkeyakinan bahwa
kehidupan adalah anugerah Tuhan yang}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {haru}\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {dilestarikan (Joko Prayogo dkk., 1999). }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-
213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\
ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pertanian dalam arti luas termasuk
didalamnya : Pertanian tanaman, peternakan dan }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { perikanan. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pertanian tanaman : Kelompok tanaman pangan,
tanaman perkebunan, tanaman }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 { Hortikultura. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \
fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {PELUANG: }\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Kenyataan
beberapa produk pertanian organik sudah \uc1\u8220Xdikenal\uc1\u8221X dan yang
sudah }\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {ada di
pasar (DN & Export), antara lain : }\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tanaman pangan : padi organik }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tanaman perkebunan : teh organik, kopi organik
}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tanaman
hortikultura : berbagai sayuran organik, buah-buahan organik }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\
sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Peternakan : daging dan telur ayam
organik }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Perikanan : hasil tambak organik (udang, ikan dll). }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {Bayangan (}\b0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b \i {image}\b0 \i0 \
fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {) produk pertanian organik}\b0 { }\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {: }\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {Positif}\b0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { : }\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Sehat/aman, rasa lebih enak, aroma lebih baik, tekstur lebih
baik. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Negatif}\b0 { }\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{: }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mahal, eksklusif, produktivitas rendah, penampilan
kurang baik }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-
213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\
ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs34\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Siapa konsumen produk pertanian
organik? }\b0 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
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ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \
fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {KENDALA: }\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {A.}\b0
{ }\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Aspek Budidaya}\b0 { }\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{:}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \*\tx1853\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\
tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Luas pemilikan lahan petani yang rata-rata sempit,
sehingga sulit menciptakan }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {lingkungan yang sesuai bagi pertanian organik }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\
sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx1853\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Penguasaan pengetahuan dan tehnik budidaya pertanian organik
dalam }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lingkup \
uc1\u8220Xtidak terisolir\uc1\u8221X yang kurang dikuasai. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\
sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16813\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw7560\
colsr-0\colno2\colw3533\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx1853\*\tx3240\*\tx4226\
*\tx5520\*\tx6666\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Anggapan }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bahwa }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{pertanian }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organik}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {id}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx1093\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {dengan }\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pertanian}\par\pard\sect\
sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16813\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-
413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primitif/tradisional/subsisten yang tidak
menggunakan \uc1\u8220Xteknologi\uc1\u8221X, sehingga }\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-
413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hasilnya rendah. }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
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{Perlu perubahan}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b \ul {sikap}\b0 \ul0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 { yang mendasar untuk melakukan peralihan dari sistem }\par\pard\
li1853\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx3026\*\tx4586\*\tx6466\*\tx7573\*\tx8320\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {pertanian }\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {konvensional }\tab \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {menjadi sistem }\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{pertanian}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {yang}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{berwawasan}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{lingkungan. }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx1853\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {-}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Penghargaan / penilaian
konsumen terhadap produk pertanian organik yang}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-413\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {kurang, sehingga tidak menjadi daya tarik pada
pengembangan produk ini. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {B.
Sertifikasi : }\b0 \par\pard\li1200\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{- Standarisasi produk yang belum ada pada semua komoditas dan kesesuaiannya }\
par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { dengan kondisi
di negara berkembang. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 { - Institusi mana yang berwenang melakukan standarisasi? }\par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { - Sertifikasi produk atau
sertifikasi proses? }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\
ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {C. Sosialisasi /
promosi : }\b0 \par\pard\li1413\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{-}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Kepentingan siapa ? }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-
413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { - Peran Pemerintah atau Produsen
(assosiasi)? }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { -
Pelaku Pasar atau \uc1\u8220XIlmuan\uc1\u8221X? }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { - Peran Media? }\par\pard\sect\sectd\
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margtsxn666\margbsxn386\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\
ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \*\tx2346\*\tx9000\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{Beberapa}\b0 \tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {aspek dalam budidaya sistem
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f0\charscalex100\b {rlu }\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {diperhatikan (pada kasus produksi pertanian-tanaman) adalah: }\b0
\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \*\tx1493\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{1.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Pemeliharaan Kesuburan Tanah}\b0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 { antara lain: }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx1493\
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Siklus N dan siklus
C }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx1493\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\
tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Memelihara biota dalam tanah : cacing,
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charscalex100 {-}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Meminimalkan \uc1\u8220Xbeban
tanah\uc1\u8221X yang dapat menyebabkan erosi (air, angin, hasil }\par\pard\li1493\
ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perbuatan manusia) }\par\pard\
li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx1493\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Melakukan pengomposan dan melakukan pemulsaan }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\
sl-426\slmult0 \*\tx1493\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {2.}\b0 \tab \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {Keseimbangan Ekosistem Pertanian }\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-400\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ekosisitem pertanian adalah jaringan /
hubungan / komplek pada lingkungan}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pertanian, yaitu antara tumbuhan, hewan , manusia dan bentuk
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{Hubungan tersebut antara lain dapat berupa rantai makanan sebagai berikut : }\par\
pard\li1493\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b
{ Manusia
Tumbuhan }\b0 \par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-
213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4733\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {Hewan dan }\b0 \par\pard\li4040\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {Bentuk Kehidupan Lain }\b0 \par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \*\tx1493\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {3.}\b0 \tab \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {Keanekaragaman Hayati (Biodiversity) }\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Keanekaragaman hayati adalah gabungan
antara sejumlah jenis dan sejumlah}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {individu mahluk hidup dalam suatu komunitas. Keanekaragaman
hayati berkaitan}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{dengan semua species tanaman, binatang dan mikroorganisme yang
berinteraksi }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{dengan ekosistem setempat. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {3.1}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Keanekaragaman Tanaman: }\par\
pard\li1493\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tingkat keanekaragaman
tanaman dalam ekosistem pertanian tergantung pada : }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Keanekaragaman vegetasi di dalam dan di
sekitar ekosistem pertanian }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 { Macam / jenis tanaman yang dikelola dan Intensitas pengelolaan
}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Luasan
pemisahan ekosistem pertanian yang dikelola. }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3.2}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Keseimbangan Serangga
Hama dan Musuh Alami: }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Serangga hama dan musuh alami merupakan bagian keanekaragaman
hayati. }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Spesies
serangga menguntungkan mengendalikan serangga hama sebagai : }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\
sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {predator, parasit dan parasitoid }\par\
pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Gangguan pada
Keseimbangan Hayati dapat disebabkan oleh : Penggunaan }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-
413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { pestisida/herbisida, pencemaran
atmosfer, pencemaran tanah dan air. }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
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li1133\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \*\tx1493\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {4.}\b0 \tab \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Teknik Budidaya Tanaman }\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- Pada persiapan benih : Benih berasal dari
pertumbuhan tanaman yang alami }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 { - Pada Kegiatan Pengolahan Tanah : }\par\pard\li1560\ri0\sl-
413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Memperkecil kerusakan tanah oleh
traktor; pengolahan tanah minimum; }\par\pard\li1560\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 { memacu perkembangbiakan organisme tanah; menjaga aerasi tanah
tetap baik }\par\pard\li1560\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- Pada
Kegiatan Penanaman : }\par\pard\li1560\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 { Melakukan penanaman multikultur; melakukan rotasi tanaman secara
bertahap; }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{ memperhatikan kombinasi tanaman dalam satu luasan lahan tertentu; menanam }\
par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { tanaman sisipan
dan tanaman pendamping; menanam tanaman pagar, penolak }\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { hama, penarik hama; tanaman pupuk
hijau; pestisida hayati. }\par\pard\li1560\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {- Pada Kegiatan Pengairan: }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Menggunakan air bebas bahan kimia sintetik }\
par\pard\li1560\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {- Pada Kegiatan
Pemupukan : }\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Menggunakan pupuk organik }\par\pard\li1560\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {- Pada Pengendalian Hama Penyakit dan Gulma: }\par\pard\li1133\
ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Harus berdasarkan
keseimbangan alami; penggunaan pestisida hayati }\par\pard\li4440\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4440\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4440\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4440\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li4440\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Daftar Pustaka }\b0 \par\
pard\li1413\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1413\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li1413\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Joko Prayogo,
Toni Suyono, Michael Berney. 1999. Apa itu pertanian Organik? }\par\pard\li1413\
ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pusat Pengembangan Penataran Guru
Pertanian (VEDCA) Cianjur. Indah Offset }\par\pard\li1413\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Malang` }\par\pard\li1413\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Kasumbogo Untung. 1997. Pertanian Organik Sebagai Alternatif
Teknologi dalam }\par\pard\li1413\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Pembangunan Pertanian. Diskusi Panel Tentang Pertanian Organik. DPD HKTI }\par\
pard\li1413\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Jawa Barat, Lembang 1996
}\par\pard\li1413\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Kumar H.D. 1981.
Modern Concepts of Ecology. 2}{\super \fs16\up4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nd}}\fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 { Revised Edition. Vikas }\par\pard\li1413\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Publishing House PVT LTD. Navin Shahdara,
Delhi. }\par\pard\li1413\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sri Sumarni
dan Agatho Elsener.1997. Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit di BSB. }\par\pard\li1413\
ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {National Conference on Biopesticides
with Emphasis on Neem. Surabaya 11-13}\par\pard\li1413\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Agustus 1997. }\par\pard\li1413\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Syamsudin Djakamihardja. 2001. Pertanian Organik Sebagai Salah
Satu Teknologi }\par\pard\li1413\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Pertanian Alternatif (Sustainable Agriculture). Seminar Jurusan Budidaya }\par\
pard\li1413\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pertanian, Universitas
Padjadjaran. Agustus 2001 }\par}