7.

2>
12
12
3
12
100 10 0 0, 1 ms
2 0
100 10 200nA , 1 2 ms
1 10
100 10 0 0, 2 ms

<

'

>

dv
i C
dt
t
t
t
7.3>
5 6
(50 ) 1.5cos (10 50 10 ) V 0.4255 V v s


2 6 2
1
0.5 1000 10 0.4255
2

w CV 90.53 J
7.4>
3
3
2 10
0.2 0.4 V, 1 ms
1 10
4 2
0.2 0.2 V, 1 3 ms
3 1
0 4
0.2 0.2667 V, 3 ms
6 3

<

'

>

L
t
di
v L t
dt
t
Thus,
(a) v
L
= 0.4 V @ t = 0
(b) v
L
= 0.2 V @ t = 2 ms
(c) v
L
= 0.2667 V @ t = 6 ms
7.6>
(a)
3 100 100
25 10 (10 1000 )


t t
di
v L e t e
dt
so v (12 ms) = 15.06 mV
(b)
0.1
0.1
12 12
0
0
1 6 1
(0.1) 6 10 10
0.025 12
t t
i e dt e
L

_
+ +

,

= 23.98 A
(c)
40 3 3 40
( ) 0.025 8(1 ) 10 8 10 (40)

1 1
] ]
t t
di
p t Li e e
dt
so p(50 ms) = 7.489 W
(d)
2
3 40
1
( ) (0.025) 8 10 (1 )
2

1
]
t
L
w t e
so w
L
(40 ms) = 509.6 nJ
7.7>
Viewing the circuit right to left, we see that
[ ] { }
[ ] { }
(1// 5// 2) 12 // 0.4// 0.8 (7 // 5)
0.5882 12 // 0.2667 2.917
3.178 F
eq
C

+ +
+ +

7.8>
define a clockwise current i(t)
KVL yields 0.002 0 + +
S C
di
v v
dt
[1]


5
1
4cos10 V
t
C
v i dt t
C

[2]
Thus,
9 5 5 3 5
( ) 4(80 10 ) (10 ) sin10 32 10 sin10

i t t t
and
3 5 5 5
32 10 (10 ) cos10 3200cos10

di
t t
dt
Substituting this into Eq. [1],
5 5
0.002 3200cos10 4cos10 +
s
v t t
= 2.4 cos 10
5
t V
7.10>
define i
C
flowing downward through the capacitor
6
3 10
8 10
10

+
t
C
v
e i [1]
where
6
0.2 10

C
dv
i
dt
Thus, Eq. [1] becomes
6
3 10 6
8 10 0.1 0.2 10

+
t
dv
e v
dt
[1]
Substituting
6
3 10
80 10 ,


t
v e
6 6
3 10 6 3 6 10
(0.1) ( 80 10 ) (0.2 10 ) ( 80 10 ) ( 10 )

+
t t
e e
6 6
3 3 10 3 10
( 8 10 16 10 ) 8 10

+
t t
e e
which verifies that
6
10
80


t
v e
mV is indeed a solution to Eq. [1].
(a) Invoking duality,
6
10
1
0.1 8 mV

t
v v e
(b) by KVL,
6 6
3 10 10
2 1
8 10 16 mV


t t
v e v e
(c) by duality,
6
10
80 mA

t
i e
8.3>
/
( )

t
o
i t I e

and
(0)
o
i I
(a)
2
1
(2 )
( )

i e
i e

0.3679
(b)
0.5
(0.5 )
(0)


i
e
i

0.6065
(c)
/
( )
0.2, so 0.2
(0)

l
t
i t t
e n
i

1.609
(d) if
(0) ( ) (0) 2 l i i t i n
Then [ ]
/
( ) (0) (0) 2 (0) 1 2 (0)

l l
t
i t i i n i n i e

Thus,
/
1 2 and so (1 2)

l l l
t
t
n e n n

= 1.181
8.4>
Before the switch is thrown, the 800- resistor is connected only by one of its terminals and
therefore may be ignored. (i = 0)
With no current flow permitted through the capacitor (it is assumed any transients have long since
died out), v = 50 V.
After the switch is thrown, the only remaining circuit is a simple source-free RC circuit.
We know v (0) = 50 since the capacitor voltage cannot change in zero time. With
1.6 ms RC ,
3
/
3
2 10
( ) (0) so (2ms) 50exp
1.6 10

,
t
v t v e v

= 14.33 V
8.5>
For t < 0:
2 1
2
(0 ) 0, (0 ) 2 0.4 A,
2 8


+
i i
and (0 ) 2 0.4 1.6 A

L
i
For t > 0, 100% of the 2-A source contributes to i
2
. The 8 resistor is shorted out so i
1
= 0.
Thus,
2
( ) 2 ( )
L
i t i t
where
/
( ) (0 )
(0 ) (0 ) 1.6 A
t
L L
L L
i t i e
i i
+
+

and
0.4
0.2 s
2
L
R

so ( )
0.15
0.15 1.6exp
0.2
L
i
_


,
755.6 mA
and ( )
2
0.15 i
1.244 A
8.6>
For t < 0,
1250
(0 ) 120
1250 250

+
C
v 100 V
2000// 500 400
(0 ) 120
600 2000// 500 400 100

1

1
+ +
]
v
38.4 V
At t = 0
+
, the capacitor voltage cannot differ from its value at t = 0

.
Thus, v
C
(0
+
) = 100 V
and with the source removed,
2000// 500 400
(0 ) (0 )
850 2000// 500 100 400
+ +
1

1
+ +
]
C
v v
25.6 V [1]
[ ]
6
eq
R 1250//(850 2000// 500) 4 10
2.5 ms
C

+

1.3/ 2.5
(1.3 ms) 100


C
v e 59.45 V
Replacing v
C
(0
+
) in Eq. [1] with v
C
(1.3 ms) yields
59.45
(1.3 ms) 25.6
100
v 15.22 V
8.8>
(a) 3 0 + 0.8 = 3.8
(b) [4] (0) = 0
(c) 2 sin 0.8 = 1.176
8.9>
(a) t = 0

, so only 60 V is across the RL circuit. Thus

(0 )

L
v
0 and
60
(0 )
10

L
i
6 A
(b) At t = 0
+
, the source voltage changes to 60 40 = 20 V. The inductor current cannot
change, so
(0 )
+

L
i
6 A. The current through the resistor is 6 A, so the voltage dropped
across the inductor is 20 10 (6) = 40 V. Thus,
(0 )
+

L
v
40 V
(c) At t = , the source voltage is 20 V but all transients have died out. Thus,
20
( )
10

L
i
2
A and
( )
L
v
0. The direction of i
L
has not changed.
(d) For
/
0, ( ) ( ) (0 ) ( )
+
1 > +
]
t
L L L L
t i t i i i e

where
3
50 10
( ) 2 A and 5 ms
10

L
L
i t
R
.
Thus,
3/ 5
(3 ms) 2 (6 2)

+
L
i e = 4.195 A
We then find that
(3 ms) 20 4.195(10)
L
v
21.95 V
8.10>
(a) (0 ) 0 so (0 )


S L
v i 0
(b) (0 ) (0 ) so (0 )
+ +

L L L
i i i 0
( ) 200 ( ) ( ) +
S L L
v t i t v t
or
100
20 200 4

+
t L
L
di
e i
dt
[1]
( ) +
L f n
i t i i
/
4
( ) where 20 ms
200

t
n
L
i t Ae
R

If we assume
100
( )

t
f
i t Be
then
50 100
( )

+
t t
L
i t Ae Be
so
50 100
50 100


t t L
di
Ae Be
dt
Substituting back in Eq. [1],
50 100 50 100 100
200 4 200 200 200 400 200
t t t t t L
L
di
i Ae Be Ae Be Be
dt

+ +
Thus, referring to Eq. [1], 20 = 200 B so
20
0.1
200

B
Thus,
50 100
( ) 0.1


t t
L
i t Ae e
since (0 ) 0.1 0, 0.1
L
i A A
+
and
50 100
( ) 0.1( )


t t
L
i t e e amperes
(c) (8 ms)
L
i 22.10 mA
(d) (15 ms)
L
i 24.92 mA
8.11>
(a) i
R
(0

) = 0
(b) i
L
(0

) = 0 so i
L
(0
+
) = 0
Thus, all of the source current is shunted through the 60 resistor; hence,
i
R
(0
+
) = 10 mA
(c)
40
( ) 10
40 60

+
R
i 4 mA
(d)
eq
0.1
1 ms
R 40 60
L

+
[ ]
3
/
10
( ) ( ) (0 ) ( )
4 10 4 mA
+

1 +
]
+
t
R R R
t
i t i i i e
e

so i
R
(1.5 ms) = 5.339 mA
8.12>
(a) At t = 0

, only the current source is on, so

[ ]
(0 ) 1 25//(20 80)

+
C
v
20 V
(b) (0 ) (0 ), so (0 )
+ +

C C C
v v v 20 V
(c) At t = , both sources are on, so
[ ]
(100)
( ) 1 25//(20 80) 10
125
+ +
C
v
= 20 + 8 = 28 V
(d)
/
( ) ( ) (0 ) ( )
+
1 +
]
t
C C C C
v t v v v e

where = R
eq
C
R
eq
= 25//100 = 20 k, so = 100 ms
Thus, [ ]
80/100
(80 ms) 28 20 28

+
C
v e
= 24.41 V