SPSS Int

...
. /
SPSS
22
CreatingCharts
37
57
82
113
Prof Elabbssi

SPSS
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.

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Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
-4
.
:

)
(

.
:
.
Type of Data :

:
-1 Qualitative or Categorical Data :
) (

:
)( Nominal Scale

. 1 0
1
1 0
.
: ) -( )
( .
.
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
)( Ordinal Scale

: ) ) (1 ) (2
) (3) (4) (5) ((6 ) ) (5
) (4) (3) (2) ((1
) ) (5 ) (4) (3 ) (2 )((1
.
-2 Quantitative or Numerical Data

.....
:
:
-1 :

...

.
-2 :

.
Non-random sampling

.
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi

:
.1 Accidental samples

.
.2 : Quota sampling

.
.
.3 : Purposive sampling

.
Random sampling

25 500

25
500
= %5
:
.
:
-1 Sample random sampling

) (

.
-2 Systematic sampling :

.
.
:
) ( .
)( .
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
: n=200
N = 3000 .
:
.15= 3000 1
200
15 .8
8 15 8 23
15 23 38 ....
.2993

.
-3 Stratified random sampling

. :
:

.

= ) (
: :

280
400
500

220
200
150 .
: = 1600 = 220 +200 +280 +400 + 500
160
=
1600
160
40 = 400
=
1600
50 = 500
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
160
=
1600
160
20 = 200
=
1600
160
22 = 220
=
1600
28 = 280
: Collecting Data :
:
Personal Interview
-1

.
-2 Direct Observation

.
-3 Questionnaire

:
. I
.
:
...
:
12 ..
.II .

Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
:

.
. III .
: ....
5 ...
...
.IV
.
. V
.
.VI
.
.VIII
.

.SPSS
: ) ( SPSS
.

.
SPSS ) (
) (Cases ) (
) ( Variable ) (
).( Values of Variables
:
( :
:
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
" " 1
" " 2 " " N" " Y
SPSS

SPSS
.
:

5 " " 4
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" " 1 " ".
( :
:

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6
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Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
:
: 1 N
N
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: 5 " "

.

.
:
. . . - .
SPSS
SPSS
" " " "Start " " Programs
" " SPSS for windows " "SPSS
): (Data Editor

. )(Case

....
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
)(Variable
. ).(Cell

) (Data View
) ( Variable View
) ( ...
.

) ( Data Editor :
Prof Elabbasi
10
Prof Elabbssi
open
Save
Print
Dialog Recall
Redo
Goto Chart
Goto Case
) (
Variable
Find
Insert Case
Insert Variable
Split File
Weight Cases
Select Cases
Value Labels
) ( ) (
Use Sets
Undo
SPSS

View
Prof Elabbasi
11
Prof Elabbssi
Toolbars
Data Editor
. Large Buttons

New Toolbar
barakat customize :
Categories
Items
Customizing Toolbar barakat
. barakat
Prof Elabbasi
12
Prof Elabbssi
:
:
10-5
1
2
3
: : :

::
5 10-5 10
3
2
1
: :

1
2
3
4
5
: q3, q2, q1
* Variable View
" .
Prof Elabbasi
13
Prof Elabbssi
Name Type
Lable
:
:
Name " "
:
Type
:
Numeric SPSS
Width 8 8 Decimal Places 2

Width Decimal

-:
Comma
Prof Elabbasi
14
Prof Elabbssi
) (1000 .
. 545,445,555.000
- Dot
) (1000
. 545.445.555,000
Scientific Notation
) (E )(10 4.51 10
4.51E2
2
Date

mm/ dd/ yy
mm dd yy . . 05/06/99
Dollar
$ ) (1000
.
Prof Elabbasi
15
Prof Elabbssi
$,505,487.14
: Custom Currencey

:
Prof Elabbasi
16
Prof Elabbssi
Edit Options Currency All Values

" Suffix " Negative Values " " -
Suffix .
454.000 - : .
: String
:
Characters
a . A
:
) (variable Label ) (Values
) (Value Labels Label
Variable View " ".
Values :
1 Value Value Label Add
2 Value " "
Value Label . Add
Prof Elabbasi
17
Prof Elabbssi
: Value (Value Label

Change .
:
Remove .
:

SPSS
:

"
) " (System Missing Values

.
"
" User Missing Values
Missing " "
:
Prof Elabbasi
18
Prof Elabbssi
:
No missing values
.
Discrete missing values

.
Range of missing values

.
.
Range plus one discrete missing value

.
.
:
) ( Column width
) (Text Format
. Column Align
.
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
:
Measure

. Nominal
:
10 . SPSS
:
:
10-5
1
2
3
:
: : :

::
5 10-5 10
3
2
1
: :
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
1
2
3
4
5
: q3, q2, q1
Prof Elabbasi
21
Prof Elabbssi
: q1, q2, q3
- Compute Transform :
Target Variable sum1 .
Numeric Expression q1+q2+q3

Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi

Expression
- Type&Lable
Numeric
Label Continue Ok :
:1
SUM
Functions Numeric
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
sum(q1,q2,q3) Expression ) sum(q1 to q3

.
9
:2
:
)sum.2(q1 to q3

.
:3 Compute Variable
.
:

<
>
=<
=>
**
) (
=~
&
and
| or
~ not
Prof Elabbasi
24
Prof Elabbssi
Transform
Compute
) .. (Compute Variable .. mean

Functions Numeric Expression
) mean(q1 to q3
Target Variable Ok
" "
5 If :
Include if case satisfied condition:
= 1 5
1 ....
Continue Compute Variable
If ... Ok ""
5 .
Prof Elabbasi
25
Prof Elabbssi
5 10
Compute Variable: if Cases :
= &1= 2 = and 1=2
and
* 5
10
:
= 1 = 2 = or 1=2
: 5
: 5
.
Prof Elabbasi
26
Prof Elabbssi
Data Select Cases
:
Select If condition is satisfied If
Prof Elabbasi
27
Prof Elabbssi
= 1 Continue
Select Cases Unselected Cases

Are
: Filtered
filter_$ ) 1 (Selected ) 0
(Not Selected "
" / .
All Cases . Select
:Deleted
.
Filtered Ok :
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
Deleted Unselected Cases :
- Data Select Cases Select Cases
Random sample of cases Select

Sample :
Approximately
60
%60 . Exactly
n 6
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
Exactly 10 6 10
.
.Exactly Continue Ok
:
Select Cases
Based on time or case range :
Prof Elabbasi
30
Prof Elabbssi
3 First Cases 7 Last Cases

.
Use Filter
Variable
Ok .
Templates
] ) (5 )(4
) (3) (2 ) [(1
.1
. Variable View
.2
q3
. Copy
.3 q3
Edit Past Variable

:
Prof Elabbasi
31
Prof Elabbssi
-4 4
Number of new variables New variable

names q
4
). 4 q4 Ok.
9 Saving Data
.1 Save As File
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
.2 Save In " "
" "
File Name
SPSS*.sav Save as type .
.Save
.4 SPSS Exit SPSS . File
.1 File Open Data .
.2 : .Open
Prof Elabbasi
33
Prof Elabbssi
Delete
Edit Copy
Edit . Past
)( Insert Variable
.1 .
.2 ) Insert Variable
( Var00001
) ( Insert Cases
.1 .
) Insert Case
( .
Go To Case
.1 Go To Case Data Go To
Case
Finding Values
.1 ) (q3
.q1
Prof Elabbasi
34
Prof Elabbssi
.2 Edit Find :
.3 4 Find what
Exporting and Importing
SPSS
Excel Access) ( .

Excel ) Access ( .
9
Exporting Data
.1 SPSS Excel Save As

File :
Prof Elabbasi
35
Prof Elabbssi
.2 Save as type Excel *.xls
Excel "" File

.name .Save
.3 Excel Open
"".
Importing Data
Excel SPSS
:
.1 SPSS Open File
File of Type
SPSS Excel*.xls
.2 .Ok
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi

Creating charts
" _ " "
_ " Numeric :
.1
)(Summaries for groups of cases
: .
.1: Graphs Bar :
Prof Elabbasi
37
Prof Elabbssi
Simple .2
Summaries for groups of Data in Chart Are .3

cases
: Define .4
38
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
.5 Bars Represent Other summary function
.6 "_ "
Variable Mean
Change Summary .
.7 " "
Category Axis .
.8 Titles :
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
. Continue Ok
.9
Chart
Window
:
Prof Elabbasi
40
Prof Elabbssi
.10 ) T (Text
Text Styles
Arabic Transparent 12
. Apply .
.11
Center :
.12
.13 Close File :
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
: .
.1: ) Clustered (
Simple Summaries of separate variables .
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
.3
Define :
.4 " _ " " _ " Bars

Represent " " Category Axis .Ok
.5 .
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
600
500
Mean
400
300
:
: Bar Chart Simple Dada
in chart are Summaries of separate variable Define

:
Prof Elabbasi
44
Prof Elabbssi
" _ " " _
Bars Represent Ok
:
540
529
520
500
Mean
480
460
452
440
)(Clustered Bar Charts
" "
) (category Variable
" "
Prof Elabbasi
45
Prof Elabbssi
: Bar Graphs
.1
Data in Chart Are Clustered .2
Define Summaries for groups of cases
46
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
.3 " _ " Variable " "
Category Axis " " Define
Clustered by Ok (Chart
) Carousel Chart Window
600
507
493
400
400
385
10 -5
Mean
500
350
10
300
:
:

10
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
.1 ) (Data Editor "

_ " " " " " " "
.
.2 Graphs Bar :
.3 Simple Data in Chart Are Values of
Prof Elabbasi
48
Prof Elabbssi
individual cases Define :
.4 : " Bar Represent
Gategory Lables Variable "
_ " Variable Ok
.5 Chart Carousel
Chart Windows .
Chart Windows . Chart Carousel
11
10
10
5
4
: :
.1 Graph Pie :
Prof Elabbasi
49
Value
Prof Elabbssi
Define Values of individual cases .3

:
50
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
.4 " " Slices Represent
Variable Slice Labels "

_ " Variable Ok

.
.5
Chart Window
:
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
.6 ) (Value
Percents .
.7 Format :
.8 Position Outside
Continue Ok
5.00 / 22.7%
00 / 45.5%
7.00 / 31.8%
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
:
.
:
.1
.2
Graph Scatter :
Simple Define :
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
.3
"_ " Y Axis
_" X Axis Ok :
700
600
400
300
700
500
600
400
Prof Elabbasi
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500
Prof Elabbssi
.4 :
- Chart Options
.5 Total File Options

:
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
.6 Linear regression Continue OK

:
700
600
500
300
700
500
600
400
Prof Elabbasi
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400
Prof Elabbssi
5
5 10
.1 Analyze Report OLAP Cubes
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
.2 ) Summary Variable(s " _"
" _ " )Grouping Variable (s
" " " " .
.4 Statistics... :
Mean
Standard Deviation Minimum
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
Maximum Sum Number of Cases
Cell Statistics Continue

. OLAPS Cubes
.5 Title :
Continue Ok
:
OLAP Cubes
Case Processing Summary
Total
Percent
Cases
Excluded
N
Percent
Included
N
Percent
100.0%
10
.0%
100.0%
10
100.0%
10
.0%
100.0%
10
Prof Elabbasi
59

*

*
Prof Elabbssi
OLAP Cubes
: Total
: Total
N
10
10
Sum
$4,520
$5,290
Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum

$452.00
$75.836
$350
$600
$529.00
$66.072
$440
$650
.6 $450
$529 .

:
.7 " " :

$380.00
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
.8

" 5 " :
" " " 5 "
. $385
Crosstabulations
) (
) ( Categorical Variables
.
) . (two-way crostabulation
)( multi-way crostabulation
9
.1
Analyze Descriptive Statistics
Crosstabs Crosstabs
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
.2 " " ) Row(s " "
) Column(s Display clustered bar
charts Cells :
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
.3 Row Column
. Percentage Continue Ok :
Crosstabs
Crosstabulation *
Cases
Valid
Missing
Total
N
5N Percent
Percent
Percent
N10 10-5
Total
10
100.0%
.0%1
10 1 100.0% 4
Count
20
100.0%
40.0%
6
100.0%
60.0%
10
100.0%
100.0%
25.0%
25.0%
3
50.0%
75.0%
4
40.0%
100.0%
25.0%
25.0%
3
50.0%
75.0%
4
40.0%
100.0%
50.0% % within
% within
100.0%
Count
% within
% within
Total
Count
2
20.0% % within
% within
100.0%
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
5
10-5
1.0
10
.5
.4
" " " 5" 2
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
5 %50
5 %50
%100
5 %100
.
.5 .
9
" " :
) (Multi-way crosstabulation
.1 Descriptive statistics Analyze

Crosstabs :
Prof Elabbasi
64
Prof Elabbssi
.2 :
Crosstabs
Cases
Missing
N
Percent
0
.0%
Total
N
Percent
10 100.0%
Valid
N
Percent
10 100.0%
* *
Crosstabulation * *
Total
1
100.0%
16.7%
5
100.0%
83.3%
6
100.0%
100.0%
3
100.0%
75.0%
1
100.0%
25.0%
4
100.0%
100.0%
10 10-5 5
Count
1
100.0% % within
% within
100.0%
Count
3
2
% within
60.0%
40.0%
% within
100.0%
100.0%
Count
1
3
2
% within
16.7%
50.0%
33.3%
% within
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Count
1
1
1
% within
33.3%
33.3%
33.3%
% within
100.0%
100.0%
50.0%
Count
1
% within
100.0%
% within
50.0%
Count
1
1
2
% within
25.0%
25.0%
50.0%
% within
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Total
Total
3.5
1.1
3.0
1.0
2.5
.9
2.0
.7
1.5
10 -5
.6
10 -5
1.0
.5
10
10
Prof Elabbasi
.5
65
.8
Prof Elabbssi

.1 )(Central Tendency
9 mean .
9 Median %50 .
9 Mode .
.2 Dispersion
9
9
9
9
9
9
Slandered Deviation
.
Variance
Range .
Minimum
Maximum
S.E.mean
.
.3 Distribution
9 : Skew ness

.
.
.
: Kurtosis
.

.
9 Quartiles
9 ) Percentile(s

:
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
Frequencies
.1 Analyze Descriptive Statistics
Frequencies :
.2 Statistics :
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
.3 Continue
: Charts :
.4 Histograms With normal carve

Continue Frequency Ok
:
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
Frequencies
Statistics
N

10
10
0
0
$452.00
$529.00
$23.981
$20.894
$455.00
$520.00
$400
$500
$75.836
$66.072
$5,751.111
$4,365.556
.567
.435
.687
.687
.113
-.351
1.334
1.334
$250
$210
$350
$440
$600
$650
$4,520
$5,290
$352.00
$441.00
$376.00
$458.00
$392.50
$480.00
$400.00
$493.00
$420.00
$500.00
$455.00
$520.00
$466.00
$546.00
$491.00
$564.00
$505.00
$577.50
$516.00
$594.00
$592.00
$645.00
Valid
Missing
Mean
Std. Error of Mean
Median
Mode
Std. Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Std. Error of Skewness
Kurtosis
Std. Error of Kurtosis
Range
Minimum
Maximum
Sum
Percentiles
10
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
75
80
90
Frequency Table

Valid
$350
$370
$400
$450
$460
$470
$500
$520
$600
Total
Frequency
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
Percent
10.0
10.0
20.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
100.0
69
Valid Percent
10.0
10.0
20.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
10.0
20.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi

Valid
$440
$450
$490
$500
$540
$550
$570
$600
$650
Total
Frequency
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
10
Percent
10.0
10.0
10.0
20.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
100.0
Valid Percent
10.0
10.0
10.0
20.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
10.0
20.0
30.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
Histogram

3.5
3.0
Frequency
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
Std. Dev = 75.84
.5
Mean = 452.0
N = 10.00
0.0
350.0
400.0
450.0
500.0
550.0
600.0
70
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi

3.5
3.0
2.5
1.5
Frequency
2.0
1.0
Std. Dev = 66.07
.5
Mean = 529.0
N = 10.00
0.0
650.0
600.0
625.0
550.0
575.0
500.0
525.0
450.0
475.0
Descriptive

Descriptives :
Prof Elabbasi
71
Prof Elabbssi
.2 " _" " _" ). Variable(s

.3 Option :
.5 Continue
. Descriptives
.6 Save standardized values as variables
) ( Ok :
Descriptives
Descriptive Statistics
Skewness
Statistic Std. Error
.567
.687
.435
.687
Prof Elabbasi
Std.
Statistic
$75.836
$66.072
Mean
Statistic
$452.00
$529.00
72
N
Statistic

10

10
)Valid N (listwise
10
Prof Elabbssi
.7
= z x
x x

:
) Explore (

:
Explore :
Prof Elabbasi
73
Prof Elabbssi
.2 " _ " Dependent List

" " ) Factor List
Display Both Statistics Plots
(Both
Statistics :
.3 ) Descriptive ( ) M-Estimators
( Outliers
)

) Percentiles ( Continue
.Explore
.4 Plots :
Prof Elabbasi
74
Prof Elabbssi
.5 Factor level together Descriptive

Stem-and-leaf Histogram Continue
Explore Ok :
Explore
:
:
.
Total
N
Percent
6 100.0%
4 100.0%
Cases
Missing
N
Percent
0
.0%
0
.0%
Valid
N
Percent
6 100.0%
4 100.0%
: .
95% Confidence interval for mean
%95
.
5% Trimmed Mean
%5 %5
.
Interquartile Range
.
.
Prof Elabbasi
75
Prof Elabbssi
Descriptives

Mean
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Statistic
$488.33
$416.11
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Std. Error
$28.097
$560.56
$487.04
$480.00
4736.667
$68.823
$400
$600
$200
$102.50
.605
.620
$397.50
$313.93
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
.845
1.741
$26.260
$481.07
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
$396.11
$385.00
2758.333
$52.520
$350
$470
$120
$97.50
1.165
1.085
1.014
2.619
:
.
M-Estimators
Huber's
a
M-Estimator
$482.01
$385.00
Tukey's
b
Biweight
$475.72
$380.06
Hampel's
c
M-Estimator
$481.85
$387.45
Andrews'
d
Wave
$475.63
$380.00
a. The weighting constant is 1.339.

b. The weighting constant is 4.685.
c. The weighting constants are 1.700, 3.400, and 8.500
d. The weighting constant is 1.340*pi.
76
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
:
Percentiles
Percentiles
5
10
25
50
75
Weighted
$400.00 $400.00 $437.50 $480.00 $540.00
Average(Definition
$350.00 $350.00 $355.00 $385.00 $452.50
Tukey's Hinges

$450.00 $480.00 $520.00
$360.00 $385.00 $435.00
90
95
.
.
.
.
:
Extreme Values
Highest
Case Number
10
9
5
1
6
7
8
4
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
Lowest
Highest
Lowest
Value
$600
$520
$500
$400
$450
$460
$470
$400
$350
$370
a. The requested number of extreme values exceeds the number of

data points. A smaller number of extremes is displayed.

:

Histogram
For =
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
Std. Dev = 68.82
.5
Mean = 488.3
N = 6.00
0.0
400.0
450.0
500.0
550.0
600.0
77
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
Histogram
= For
1.2
1.0
.8
.6
.4
Std. Dev = 52.52
.2
Mean = 397.5
N = 4.00
0.0
475.0
450.0
425.0
400.0
375.0
350.0

.

Stem-and-Leaf Plots
Stem-and-Leaf Plot for
=
Leaf
056
02
0
& Stem
4 .
5 .
6 .
100
)1 case(s
Prof Elabbasi
78
Frequency
3.00
2.00
1.00
Stem width:
Each leaf:
Prof Elabbssi
Stem-and-Leaf Plot for

=
Leaf
57
0
7
& Stem
.
.
.
.
3
3
4
4
100
)1 case(s
Frequency
.00
2.00
1.00
1.00
Stem width:
Each leaf:
:
stem Leaf
. Stem width
:
0 4
5 .9
.
= ) 0.1 + (
: 3 5 :
100 :
= )350 = 100 (5 0.1 + 3
Prof Elabbasi
79
Prof Elabbssi
9 Box Plot

:
700
680
660
640
620
600
580
560
540
520
500
480
460
440
420
400
380
360
340
320
300
=N
.1 ) (
.2) 25 ( )
(.
.3 ) 75 ( )
(.
%50
.
.4
.5
.6

Prof Elabbasi
80
Prof Elabbssi
) :(extremes
) 3 (
) * (.
) :(outliers
) 1.5 (
) .( o
:
:
.1 .
.2
.
.3
.

.1 470$
.2 350$
.3 355%
.4 ) ( 385$
.5 452$
.6 .
.7 .
Prof Elabbasi
81
Prof Elabbssi

Correlation

...
r
1 . 1
9 1
9 1-
9 .
9 .
9 .
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
:
) :(Pearson

) : (Spearman
) (
) 8 5 8
5(
.
) : (Kandell,s tau
.
) : (Phi
) ( ) (.
) : (Cramers
)
( ) (

_ :
Prof Elabbasi
82
Prof Elabbssi

File Info Utilities
:
:
File Information
List of variables on the working file
Position
Name
Measurement Level: Nominal

Column Width: 8 Alignment: Center
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8
83
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
Value
1
2
Label

2
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8
Value
Label
1
2
3
Measurement Level: Scale
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8

Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8

Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8
6
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8
7
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8
84
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi

"

:
.1 Analyze
Correlate
Bivariate
:
:
.2 " " " " Variables

.3

Flag significant correlations
""
.
.4 Ok :
Prof Elabbasi
85
Prof Elabbssi
Correlations
Correlations
**.959
.000
10
1
.
10
1
.
10
**.959
.000
10
Pearson Correlation
)Sig. (2-tailed
N
Pearson Correlation
)Sig. (2-tailed
N
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level

)(2 il d
.5
2.tailed Significance = 0.000 = .05
r = 0.959
.
9

Variables
Bivariate Correlations :
Prof Elabbasi
86
Prof Elabbssi
Ok :
Correlations
Correlations
**.833
.003
10
**.811
.004
10
**.890
.001
10
1
.
10
**.780
.008
10
*.746
.013
10
1
.
10
**.890
.001
10
**.959
.000
10
1
.
10
*.746
.013
10
**.811
.004
10
1
.
10
**.959
.000
10
**.780
.008
10
**.833
.003
10
Pearson Correlation
)Sig. (2-tailed
N
Pearson Correlation
)Sig. (2-tailed
N
Pearson Correlation
)Sig. (2-tailed
N
Pearson Correlation
)Sig. (2-tailed
N
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

= 0.01 = 0.05
Scatter Plot
:
.1 Graphs Scatter Scatterplot
:
.2
Mtrix Define Mtrix :
Prof Elabbasi
87
Prof Elabbssi
.3 Matrix Variables Ok
:
Prof Elabbasi
88
Prof Elabbssi
: :
"
"
Analyze Correlate
Partial :
" " " " Variables "
" . Controlling for: Ok
:
C O E F F I C I
C O R R E L A T I O N
E N T S - -
Partial Correlation
- - - P A R T I A L
Controlling for..
1.0000
0.9588
P= .000
P= .
1.0000
0.9588
p=0.000
p=.
)(Coefficient / (D.F.) / 2-tailed Significance
" . " is printed if a coefficient cannot be computed
Prof Elabbasi
89
Prof Elabbssi

2- tailed significance = 0.000 0.05
.
:
:
- Graph Scatter Scatterplot :
Simple Define : " " Y Axis " " X Axis " " Set Markers by Ok
:
Prof Elabbasi
90
Prof Elabbssi
100
90
80
70
60
100
90
80
70
60

:
Y = a x + bz + cw+.. . +d +
Y x, z, w, .. .
a,b,c,..,d .

.
: :
:
:
Prof Elabbasi
91
Prof Elabbssi
.1 Analyze Regression Linear

:
.2 " " ) Independent (s "

" . Dependent Statistics
:
Prof Elabbasi
92
Prof Elabbssi
.4 Estimates, Model fit, Descriptives

Continue . Linear Regression
.5 Plots Scatterplot Residuals
Predicted values Linear
Regression: Plots:
.6 ZRESID Y ZPRED X
Continue Ok
:
:
.
Regression
N
10
10
Std. Deviation
2.014
9.443
Mean
4.50
78.50

0.949 .
Prof Elabbasi
93
Prof Elabbssi
Correlations
.949
1.000
.000
.
10
10

1.000
.949
.
.000
10
10
Pearson Correlation
)Sig. (1-tailed
N
Enter

Variables Entered/Removedb
Method
Enter
Variables
Entered
a
Variables
Removed
.
Model
1
a. All requested variables entered.

b. Dependent Variable:
R R2 0.902
.
Model Summaryb
Std. Error of
the Estimate
.670
Adjusted
R Square
.889
R
R Square
a
.949
.902
Model
1
a. Predictors: (Constant),

Sig. = 0.000 0.05

ANOVAb
Sig.
.000a
F
73.224
Mean Square
32.905
.449
df
1
8
9
Sum of
Squares
32.905
3.595
36.500
Regression
Residual
Total
Model
1
Prof Elabbasi
94
Prof Elabbssi
:
. B .Std.Error Standardization Beta
t
Beta Sig. Beta 0.05
.
:
= 0.202 11.396
Coefficients a
Sig.
.000
.000
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
t
-6.095
8.557
.949
Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
-11.396
1.870
.202
.024
)(Constant
Model
1
a. Dependent Variable:
) ( Predicted values Residual values

.
Charts
Scatterplot
Dependent Variable:
2.0
1.5
1.0
.5
0.0
-.5
-1.0
-1.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
.5
0.0
-.5
-1.0
Regression Standardized Predicted Value
Prof Elabbasi
95
-1.5
Regression Standardized Residual
Prof Elabbssi
multiple Linear Regression

:
: "
" " " " " " " " :
:
.1 Analyze Regression
Linear :
:" Dependent " " "

" " " " " ) Independent(s
Statistics :
Prof Elabbasi
96
Prof Elabbssi
.2 Estimates Model fit R squared change

Descriptive Continue Linear Regression
.4
Method :
: Enter

.
:Stepwise

)
(

) (

.
: Remove
Block
.
Prof Elabbasi
97
Prof Elabbssi
: Backward

) (
/
.
: Forward
)
(

.
.3
Enter Ok :
Regression

:
N
10
10
10
10
10
Std. Deviation
2.014
9.443
7.412
14.491
13.683
Mean
4.50
78.50
82.60
79.00
79.90
Prof Elabbasi
98
Prof Elabbssi
Correlations
.845
.833
.811
.890
1.000
.001
.001
.002
.000
.
10
10
10
10
10
.819
.780
.746
1.000
.890
.002
.004
.007
.
.000
10
10
10
10
10
.949
1.000
.959
.780
.833
.000
.
.000
.004
.001
10
10
10
10
10
.923
.959
1.000
.746
.811
.000
.000
.
.007
.002
10
10
10
10
10

1.000
.949
.923
.819
.845
.
.000
.000
.002
.001
10
10
10
10
10
Pearson Correlation
)Sig. (1-tailed
R
R2 0.919
F .14.25
b
Model Summary
Change Statistics
Sig. F Change
.006
df2
5
df1
4
Adjusted Std. Error of R Square

R
R Square R Square the Estimate Change F Change
.959a
.919
.855
.767
.919
14.250
Model
1
, , , a. Predictors: (Constant),
R2
Sig. = 0.006 0.05
Sig. 0.05

.
Prof Elabbasi
99
Prof Elabbssi
ANOVAb
Sig.
.006a
Mean Square
8.389
.589
F
14.250
Sum of
Squares
33.556
2.944
36.500
df
4
5
9
Regression
Residual
Total
Model
1
, , , a. Predictors: (Constant),
B

= 0.135 2-104.26+
2-10 2.594 + 3-10 46-3.35 +
.4 Stepwise :
.
Regression
N
10
10
10
10
10
Prof Elabbasi
Std. Deviation
2.014
9.443
7.412
14.491
13.683
Mean
4.50
78.50
82.60
79.00
79.90
100
Prof Elabbssi
Correlations

Pearson Correlation
1.000
.949
.949
1.000
.923
.959
.819
.780
.845
.833
Sig. (1-tailed)

.
.000
.000
.
.000
.000
.002
.004
.001
.001
N

10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
.923
.959
1.000
.746
.811
.000
.000
.
.007
.002
10
10
10
10
10
.819
.780
.746
1.000
.890
.002
.004
.007
.
.000
10
10
10
10
10
.845
.833
.811
.890
1.000
.001
.001
.002
.000
.
10
10
10
10
10
b
Model Summary
Model
1
Change Statistics
R
R Square R Square the Estimate Change F Change
df1
df2
Sig. F Change
.949a
.902
.889
.670
.902
73.224
1
8
.000
ANOVAb
Sum of
Model
Squares
1
Regression 32.905
Residual
3.595
Total
36.500
df
Mean Square
1
32.905
8
.449
9
F
73.224
Sig.
.000a

0.202 + 11.396- =
101
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
Coefficientsa
Model
1
(Constant)
Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
-11.396
1.870
.202
.024
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.949
t
-6.095
8.557
Sig.
.000
.000

. Sig B
b
Excluded Variables
Model
1
Beta In
.157a
.200a
.176a
t
.379
1.152
.865
Sig.
.716
.287
.416
Collinearity
Statistics
Tolerance
8.050E-02
.392
.306
Partial
Correlation
.142
.399
.311
a. Predictors in the Model: (Constant),

: Remove .5
Regression

Mean
4.50
78.50
82.60
79.00
79.90
Std. Deviation
2.014
9.443
7.412
14.491
13.683
102
N
10
10
10
10
10
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
Correlations

Pearson Correlation
1.000
.949
.923
.819
.845
Sig. (1-tailed)

.
.000
.000
.002
.001
N

10
10
10
10
10
.949
1.000
.959
.780
.833
.000
.
.000
.004
.001
10
10
10
10
10
.923
.959
1.000
.746
.811
.000
.000
.
.007
.002
10
10
10
10
10
.819
.780
.746
1.000
.890
.002
.004
.007
.
.000
10
10
10
10
10
.845
.833
.811
.890
1.000
.001
.001
.002
.000
.
10
10
10
10
10
Variables Entered/Removedc
Model
1
Variables
Entered
,
,
,
a
Variables
Removed
Method
.
,
b,,
Enter
Remove

b. All requested variables removed.
c. Dependent Variable:
Model Summary
Model
1
2
Change Statistics
R
R Square R Square the Estimate Change F Change df1
df2 Sig. F Change
.959a
.919
.855
.767
.919 14.250
4
5
.006
b
.000
.000
.000
2.014
-.919 14.250
4
13
.006
a. Predictors: (Constant), , , ,
b. Predictor: (constant)
103
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
ANOVAc
Model
1
Regression
Residual
Total
2
Regression
Residual
Total
Sum of
Squares
33.556
2.944
36.500
.000
36.500
36.500
df
Mean Square
4
8.389
5
.589
9
0
.000
9
4.056
9
F
14.250
Sig.
.006a
.b
b. Predictor: (constant)
c. Dependent Variable:
Coefficientsa
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Model
B
Std. Error
1
(Constant) -11.961
3.651
.135
.102
4.260E-02
.123
2.594E-02
.039
3.346E-03
.047
2
(Constant)
4.500
.637
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.635
.157
.187
.023
t
-3.276
1.323
.348
.658
.071
7.066
Sig.
.022
.243
.742
.539
.946
.000
b
Excluded Variables
Model
Beta In
.949a
.923a
.819a
.845a
t
8.557
6.788
4.031
4.465
Sig.
.000
.000
.004
.002
Partial
Correlation
.949
.923
.819
.845
Collinearity
Statistics
Tolerance
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
a. Predictor: (constant)
104
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
.6 Backward :
Regression
N
10
10
10
10
10
Std. Deviation
2.014
9.443
7.412
14.491
13.683
Mean
4.50
78.50
82.60
79.00
79.90
Correlations
.845
.833
.811
.890
1.000
.001
.001
.002
.000
.
10
10
10
10
10
Prof Elabbasi
.819
.780
.746
1.000
.890
.002
.004
.007
.
.000
10
10
10
10
10
.923
.959
1.000
.746
.811
.000
.000
.
.007
.002
10
10
10
10
10
.949
1.000
.959
.780
.833
.000
.
.000
.004
.001
10
10
10
10
10

Pearson Correlation
1.000
.949
.923
.819
.845
)Sig. (1-tailed

.
.000
.000
.002
.001
N

10
10
10
10
10
105
Prof Elabbssi
Variables Entered/Removed
Model
1
Variables
Entered
,
,
,
a
Variables
Removed
Method
.
Enter
Backward
(criterion:
Probabilit
y of
F-to-remo
ve >=
.100).
Backward
(criterion:
Probabilit
y of
F-to-remo
ve >=
.100).
Backward
(criterion:
Probabilit
y of
F-to-remo
ve >=
.100).

Model Summary
Change Statistics
Mode
1
2
3
4
AdjustedStd. Error oRf Square

R R SquareR Squarehe EstimateChangeF Change df1
.959a .919
.855
.767
.919 14.250
4
b
.959
.919
.879
.701
.000
.005
1
c
.958
.917
.894
.657
-.002
.154
1
.949d .902
.889
.670
-.016 1.326
1
df2
5
7
8
9
ig. F Chang
.006
.946
.708
.287
a.Predictors: (Constant), , , ,
b.Predictors: (Constant), , ,
c.Predictors: (Constant), ,
d.Predictors: (Constant),
106
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
ANOVAe
Model
1
Regression
Residual
Total
Regression
Residual
Total
Regression
Residual
Total
Regression
Residual
Total
Sum of
Squares
33.556
2.944
36.500
33.553
2.947
36.500
33.478
3.022
36.500
32.905
3.595
36.500
df
4
5
9
3
6
9
2
7
9
1
8
9
Mean Square
8.389
.589
F
14.250
Sig.
.006a
11.184
.491
22.775
.001b
16.739
.432
38.768
.000c
32.905
.449
73.224
.000d
b. Predictors: (Constant), , ,
c. Predictors: (Constant), ,
d. Predictors: (Constant),
e. Dependent Variable:
Coefficientsa
Model
1
(Constant)
(Constant)
(Constant)
(Constant)
Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
-11.961
3.651
.135
.102
4.260E-02
.123
2.594E-02
.039
3.346E-03
.047
-12.007
3.282
.136
.093
4.366E-02
.111
2.788E-02
.026
-10.981
1.868
.169
.037
2.779E-02
.024
-11.396
1.870
.202
.024
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.635
.157
.187
.023
.639
.161
.201
.794
.200
.949
t
-3.276
1.323
.348
.658
.071
-3.658
1.470
.393
1.083
-5.880
4.571
1.152
-6.095
8.557
Sig.
.022
.243
.742
.539
.946
.011
.192
.708
.320
.001
.003
.287
.000
.000
107
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
Excluded Variablesd
Collinearity
Statistics
Tolerance
.156
.158
8.050E-02
.306
8.050E-02
.392
Partial
Correlation
.032
.050
.158
.311
.142
.399
Sig.
.946
.906
.708
.416
.716
.287
.071
.123
.393
.865
.379
1.152
Beta In
.023a
.036b
.161b
.176c
.157c
.200c
Model
2
3
4
, , a. Predictors in the Model: (Constant),

, b. Predictors in the Model: (Constant),
c. Predictors in the Model: (Constant),
d. Dependent Variable:
.7 Forward :
Regression
N
10
10
10
10
10
Std. Deviation
2.014
9.443
7.412
14.491
13.683
Mean
4.50
78.50
82.60
79.00
79.90
Correlations
.845
.833
.811
.890
1.000
.001
.001
.002
.000
.
10
10
10
10
10
Prof Elabbasi
.819
.780
.746
1.000
.890
.002
.004
.007
.
.000
10
10
10
10
10
.923
.959
1.000
.746
.811
.000
.000
.
.007
.002
10
10
10
10
10
.949
1.000
.959
.780
.833
.000
.
.000
.004
.001
10
10
10
10
10

Pearson Correlation
1.000
.949
.923
.819
.845
)Sig. (1-tailed

.
.000
.000
.002
.001
N

10
10
10
10
10
108
Prof Elabbssi
Variables Entered/Removeda
Model
1
Variables
Entered
Variables
Removed
Method
Forward
(Criterion:
Probabilit
y-of-F-to-e
nter <=
.050)
Model Summary
Change Statistics
Adjusted
Std. Error R
o Square
Mode R R SquarR
e Squarh
ee EstimatChangeF Change df1
a
1
.949
.902
.889
.670
.902 73.224
1
df2
g. F Chang
8
.000
a.Predictors: (Constant),
ANOVAb
Sum of
Model
Squares
Regression 32.905
1
Residual
3.595
Total
36.500
df
1
8
9
Mean Square
32.905
.449
F
73.224
Sig.
.000a
t
-6.095
8.557
Sig.
.000
.000
a
Coefficients
Model
(Constant)
1
Unstandardized
Standardized
Coefficients
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
Beta
-11.396
1.870
.202
.024
.949
Excluded Variables
Model
1
Beta In
.157a
.200a
.176a
Sig.
.716
.287
.416
.379
1.152
.865
Partial
Correlation
.142
.399
.311
Collinearity
Statistics
Tolerance
8.050E-02
.392
.306
a. Predictors in the Model: (Constant),

109
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi

:
.
:
.1 Analyze Regression Curve
Estimation :
.2 " " ) Dependent(s " "

Variable "
" . Ok :
Curve Fit
MOD_2.
MODEL:
Independent:
Upper
b3
Prof Elabbasi
b2
b1
b0
.1138
-4.4868
bound
Sigf
d.f.
Rsq
.004
16.25
.670
110
Dependent Mth
LIN
Prof Elabbssi
.0028
-.0013 1.9E-05
-29.430 7.7965
11.2259 -511.64
9.5323 -.2880
2.9925
.4092 1.0295
.0006 2.0273
3.1829 -135.09
-.8935
.0291
.4092
.0291
2.4437
.9713
.006
.010
.010
.009
.001
.001
.002
.001
.001
.001
13.57
11.11
9.69
9.81
28.85
25.11
20.83
28.85
28.85
28.85
8
8
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
.629
.581
.735
.737
.783
.758
.723
.783
.783
.783
LOG
INV
QUA
CUB
COM
POW
S
GRO
EXP
LGS
Notes:
9 Tolerance limits reached; some dependent variables were not entered.
Observed
Linear
Logarithmic
8
Inverse
Quadratic
Cubic
Compound
Power
Growth
Exponential
Logistic
0
100
90
70
80
60
50
40
.3
Exponential Y = LN(b0) + b1 t

= ) 0.0291 + ln(0.4092

Exponential Curve Estimation Ok
:
Prof Elabbasi
111
Prof Elabbssi

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
100
90
80
60
70
50
40
Prof Elabbasi
112
Prof Elabbssi

:
:Hypothesis :
. ) ( HO
. Ha
: (Null Hypothesis) HO

.
Nul
) (.
): Alternative Hypothesis (Ha

.
:
%90 %95 %99
Significance Levels

1- ) %95
( %5

.
:

.
Prof Elabbasi
113
Prof Elabbssi
) (:

.
: Employee
data SPSS
:
Prof Elabbasi
114
Prof Elabbssi
Utilities Variables
:

. (variable information)
Utilities File Info
:
File Information
List of variables on the working file
Name
Position
ID
Employee Code
Column Width: 5 Alignment: Right
Print Format: F4
Write Format: F4
GENDER
Gender
Column Width: 1 Alignment: Left
Print Format: A1
115
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
Write Format: A1
Value
Label
f
m
Female
Male
BDATE
Date of Birth
Print Format: ADATE8
Write Format: ADATE8
EDUC
Educational Level (years)

Measurement Level: Ordinal
Print Format: F2
Write Format: F2
Missing Values: 0
JOBCAT
Employment Category
Print Format: F1
Write Format: F1
Missing Values: 0
Value
1
2
3
Label
Clerical
Custodial
Manager
SALARY
Current Salary
Print Format: DOLLAR8
Write Format: DOLLAR8
Missing Values: 0
SALBEGIN
Beginning Salary
116
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
Print Format: DOLLAR8

Write Format: DOLLAR8
Missing Values: 0
JOBTIME
Months since Hire

Print Format: F2
Write Format: F2
Missing Values: 0
PREVEXP
Previous Experience (months)

Print Format: F6
Write Format: F6
MINORITY
Minority Classification
Print Format: F1
Write Format: F1
Missing Values: 9
Value
0
1
10
Label
No
Yes
) Gender ( ) Id
(f=female, m= (
Educ
Bdate male)
Jobcat

(1 Clerical, 2 Custodial, 3 Manager)
Salbegin Salary
Jobtime
Minority Prevexp
. ( 0 No, 1 Yes)
117
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
)( Comparing Mean
: .
.1 Analyze Compare Means
Means :
:
.2 Salary Dependent List Gender
. Independent List:
Prof Elabbasi
118
Prof Elabbssi
.3 Options :
.4 Statistics Cell
Statistics Anova table and eta
Continue
.5 :
Means

Total
N
Percent
474 100.0%
Prof Elabbasi
Cases
Excluded
N
Percent
0
.0%
Included
N
Percent
474 100.0%
119
Current Salary * Gen
Prof Elabbssi
Report
Current Salary
N
Std. Deviation Skewness
216 $7,558.021
1.863
258 $19,499.214
1.639
474 $17,075.661
2.125
Gender
Mean
Female $26,031.92
Male $41,441.78
Total $34,419.57
9
= 0.05 Sig. = 0
.
ANOVA Table
Mean
Square
df
F
Sig.
1 792E+10 19.798 .000
472 3046531
473
Sum of
Squares
Current Salary * GBetween Gro(Combined79E+10
Within Groups
10E+11
Total
38E+11
Measures of Association
Eta Squared
.202
Eta
.450
Current Salary * Gender
) Jobcat (
Next Independent List :
Prof Elabbasi
120
Prof Elabbssi
Ok :
Report
Current Salary
Skewness
1.421
-.019
1.863
2.346
-.368
1.193
1.639
1.905
-.368
1.181
2.125
Std. Deviation
$5,812.838
$8,501.253
$7,558.021
$7,997.978
$2,114.616
$18,051.570
$19,499.214
$7,567.995
$2,114.616
$18,244.776
$17,075.661
N
206
10
216
157
27
74
258
363
27
84
474
Mean
$25,003.69
$47,213.50
$26,031.92
$31,558.15
$30,938.89
$66,243.24
$41,441.78
$27,838.54
$30,938.89
$63,977.80
$34,419.57
Employment Category
Clerical
Manager
Total
Clerical
Custodial
Manager
Total
Clerical
Custodial
Manager
Total
Gender
Female
Male
Total

.
- Kolmogrove-Smirov
Prof Elabbasi
121
Prof Elabbssi
: " :
. "0.05
:
.1 Analyze Nonparametric Tests
1-Sample K-S :
.2 salary salbegin Test Variable List

Normal " ."3
.3 Ok :
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
Beginning
Salary
474
$17,016.09
$7,870.638
.252
.252
-.170
5.484
.000
Current Salary
474
$34,419.57
$17,075.662
.208
.208
-.143
4.525
.000
Mean
Std. Deviation
Absolute
Positive
Negative
N
Normal Parameters a,b
Most Extreme
Differences
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z
)Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed
a. Test distribution is Normal.

b. Calculated from data.
Sig. = 0.0 0.05

.
Prof Elabbasi
122
Prof Elabbssi
(T-Test) T
T )(One Sample T-Test

:
.1
30.
.2
: " 14"
:
Analyzes Compare Mean
One Sample T Test :
.2 Educ ) Test Variable(s Test

Value 14 Ok :
T-Test
13.49
-0.51
One-Sample Statistics
Std. Error
Prof Elabbasi
Mean
.133
Std. Deviation
2.885
Mean
13.49
123
N
474
)Educational Level (years
Prof Elabbssi
One-Sample Test Sig. = 0.00 0.05

14

14 t = -3.837
14.
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 14
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
-.77
-.25
Mean
df
Sig. (2-tailed) Difference
473
.000
-.51
t
-3.837
Educational Level (year
) SIGN TEST (

Sign Test
:
.1 Analyze Parametric Tests
Binomial :
Prof Elabbasi
124
Prof Elabbssi
.2 educ Test Variable List 14

Cut point Define Dichotomy Ok
:
NPar Tests
Binomial Test
Observed
Asymp. Sig.
)Prop. Test Prop. (2-tailed
.53
.50
.291a
.47
1.00
N
249
225
474
Category
Educational Level (ye Group 1 <= 14
Group 2 > 14
Total
a. Based on Z Approximation.
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.291

0.05
14.
T Paired Sample T-Test

.
:
:
H 0 : 1 = 2
H a : 1 2
1 2
:
.1
30.
.2
.
Prof Elabbasi
125
Prof Elabbssi
: " :
"
:
.1 Analyzes Compare Mean

Paired Sample T Test :
.3 salary, salbegin
Variables Ok :
Paired
T-Test

Paired Samples Statistics
Std. Error
Mean
$784.311
$361.510
Std. Deviation
$17,075.661
$7,870.638
N
474
474
Mean
$34,419.57
$17,016.09
Current Salary
Beginning Salary
Pair
1
0.88
Prof Elabbasi
126
Prof Elabbssi
Paired Samples Correlations
Sig.
.000
Correlation
.880
& Current Salary

Beginning Salary
474
Pair
1
9 Sig. (2- tailed) = 0.00 0.05

.
Paired Samples Test
Sig.
)df (2-tailed
.000
Paired Differences
5% Confidence Interva
Std. Std. Error of the Difference
Deviation Mean
Lower
Upper
t
Mean
Current Salary
7,403.48 10814.62 496.732 6,427.41 18,379.56 35.036 473
Beginning Sala
Pair
1

2 Related Samples

:
.1 Analyze Nonparametric tests
2 related samples :
Prof Elabbasi
127
Prof Elabbssi
Test Pair(s) salbegin salary .2

. Ok Sign Wilcoxon List
Ranks
N
Beginning Salary
- Current Salary
Negative Ranks
Positive Ranks
Ties
Total
474a
0b
0c
474
Mean Rank
237.50
.00
Sum of Ranks
112575.00
.00
a. Beginning Salary < Current Salary

b. Beginning Salary > Current Salary
c. Current Salary = Beginning Salary
Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
Sig. = 0.0
.
Sign Test
Test Statisticsb
Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
Beginning
Salary Current Salary
-18.865a
.000
a. Based on positive ranks.

b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
128
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
Frequencies
N
474
0
0
474
Negative Differencesa
Positive Differencesb
Ties c
Total
Beginning Salary
- Current Salary
a. Beginning Salary < Current Salary

b. Beginning Salary > Current Salary
c. Current Salary = Beginning Salary
Test Statisticsa
Beginning
SalaryCurrent Salary
-21.726
.000
Z
)Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed
a. Sign Test
Sign Test Sig.= 0.0

T Independent sample T test

.

) (Grouping Variable or Factor

. (Test
) Variable
) (
) ( .
T :
.1
Prof Elabbasi
129
Prof Elabbssi
.2
T
T .
.3
.
: "
"
:
Independent Sample T Test :
.2 Salary ) Test Variable(s

gender Grouping Variable
Define Groups :
Prof Elabbasi
130
Prof Elabbssi
. Group 2 m Group 1 f .3
. Continue
: Ok .4
Group Statistics
Std. Error
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Mean
216 $26,031.92
$7,558.021
$514.258
258 $41,441.78 $19,499.214 $1,213.968
Gender
Current Salary Female
Male
T-Test
Independent Samples Test
evene's Test fo
uality of Varianc
F
Current S Equal varia
19.669
assumed
Equal varia
not assume
Sig.
.000 10.945
df
t-test for Equality of Means

Confidence Interv
Mean Std. Error the Difference
g. (2-tailed
Difference
DifferenceLower Upper
472
.000 5,409.86407.906 8176.40 2643.32
11.688344.262
.000 5,409.86318.400 8003.00 2816.73
F= 9.669 ( Leven,s test) .5

T Sig = 0.0
t= 1.688
Sig=0.000
.
131
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
-) Mann-Whitney test (U- Test

.
: " "
:
.1 Analyze Nonparametric tests
2 independent samples :
.2 Salary Test Variable List

Jobcat Grouping Variable
Prof Elabbasi
132
Prof Elabbssi
1 Define Groups .3
Group 2 " 2" Group 1
:
Ok Continue .4
:
NPar Tests
Mann-Whitney Test
Ranks
Employment Category
Current Salary Clerical
Custodial
Total
N
363
27
390
Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

189.30
68715.50
278.87
7529.50
Test Statisticsa
Mann-Whitney U
Wilcoxon W
Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
Current Salary
2649.500
68715.500
-3.984
.000
a. Grouping Variable: Employment Category
Sig. = 0.0
= 0.05
133
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
One Way ANOVA

Factor
Independent Variable Nominal
Ordinal
.
Dependent Variable

.

Factor

Post Hoc

.

(Between
) Group
(Within
) Group
Residuals . Error
:
) (
) ( F
F
F
F )
( Sig ) ( 0.05
Sig = 0.05
Sig. = 0.05 .
Prof Elabbasi
134
Prof Elabbssi
: "
"0.05
:
One-Way ANOVA :
.2 salary
Jobcat . Factor
.3 Post Hoc :
Prof Elabbasi
135
List
Dependent
Prof Elabbssi
.4 Bonferroni Dunnetts c
. . Continue
.5 Options :
Homogeneity of variance test Continue
:
.6 Ok :
Oneway
= ,59.733 Sig. = 0.0

Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Current Salary
Sig.
.000
Prof Elabbasi
df2
471
136
df1
2
Levene
Statistic
59.733
Prof Elabbssi
Sig.= 0.0 F=434.481

= 0.05
ANOVA
Current Salary
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Sum of
Squares
8.94E+10
4.85E+10
1.38E+11
df
2
471
473
Mean Square
4.472E+10
102925714.5
F
434.481
Sig.
.000

= 0.05
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: Current Salary
Mean
Difference
(I) Employment Categ (J) Employment Categ (I-J)
Std. Error
Bonferron Clerical
Custodial
-$3,100.35 2,023.760
Manager
$36,139.26* 1,228.352
Custodial
Clerical
$3,100.35 2,023.760
Manager
$33,038.91* 2,244.409
Manager
Clerical
$36,139.26* 1,228.352
Custodial
$33,038.91* 2,244.409
Dunnett C Clerical
Custodial
-$3,100.35* $568.679
Manager
$36,139.26* 2,029.912
Custodial
Clerical
$3,100.35* $568.679
Manager
$33,038.91* 2,031.840
Manager
Clerical
$36,139.26* 2,029.912
Custodial
$33,038.91* 2,031.840
Sig.
.379
.000
.379
.000
.000
.000
95% Confidence Interval

Lower BoundUpper Bound
-$7,962.56 $1,761.86
-$39,090.45 -$33,188.07
-$1,761.86 $7,962.56
-$38,431.24 -$27,646.58
$33,188.07 $39,090.45
$27,646.58 $38,431.24
-$4,476.97 -$1,723.73
-$40,981.02 -$31,297.50
$1,723.73 $4,476.97
-$37,895.87 -$28,181.95
$31,297.50 $40,981.02
$28,181.95 $37,895.87
*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
137
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
- )Wallis Kruskal (H-Test

: "
" = 0.05
:
.1 Analyze Nonparametric Tests K
Independent Samples :
.2 Salary Test Variable List

Jobcat . Grouping Variable
.3 Define Variable :
Prof Elabbasi
138
Prof Elabbssi
.4 1 Minimum 3 Maximum
Continue .
.5 Krouskal-Wallis H Ok :
NPar Tests
Ranks
Mean Rank
190.37
278.98
427.85
N
363
27
84
474
Employment Category
Clerical
Custodial
Manager
Total
Current Salary
Kruskal-Wallis Test
2 = 207.68

Sig. = 0.000 0.05
0.05
Friedman test

.
: " "
"
"0.05
:
.1 Analyze Nonparametric Tests
K Related Samples :
Prof Elabbasi
139
Prof Elabbssi
.2 " " " " " " " "

Test Variables Friedman
Ok :
Friedman Test
Ranks
Mean Rank
1.95
2.95
2.60
2.50
Test Statisticsa,b
Current Salary
207.680
2
.000
Chi-Square
df
Asymp. Sig.
a. Kruskal Wallis Test

b. Grouping Variable: Employment Category
=
0.0

= 0.05
Prof Elabbasi
140
Asymp. Sig

Prof Elabbssi
Crosstabs Test
Crosstabs
:
: Employee data
" .
:
"

Crosstabs :
.2 Gender Row Jobcat

). Column(s
.3 Statistics :
Prof Elabbasi
141
Prof Elabbssi
.4 Chi-square Contingency coefficient

. Gamma

Nominal Data
Ordinal Data Continue
.
.5 . Ok :
Crosstabs
Total
Percent
100.0%
Prof Elabbasi
N
474
Cases
Missing
N
Percent
.0%
Valid
Percent
100.0%
142
N
474
Gender * Employment
Category
Prof Elabbssi
Gender * Employment Category Crosstabulation

Count
Gender
Total
Female
Male
Employment Category
Clerical
Custodial
Manager
206
10
157
27
74
363
27
84
Total
216
258
474
Chi-Square Tests
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
N of Valid Cases
Value
79.277a
95.463
474
df
2
2
Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
.000
.000
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The

minimum expected count is 12.30.
Symmetric Measures
Asymp.
a
b
Value Std. Error Approx. T Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nomin Contingency Coeffici
.379
.000
Ordinal by Ordinal Gamma
.837
.051
9.999
.000
N of Valid Cases
474
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.

b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
Sig. = 0.0
.
143
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
Two Way Analysis of Variance
) (
.

.
Two Way ANOVA
) (
) (.
:
) ( main effect
.
) (main effect
.
) (Interaction .
.1

9
.
15 )(

.
.2

Prof Elabbasi
144
Prof Elabbssi
.
.
.3
.
.
: " Employee data

" 0.05

" "
" "
" "
:
.1 Analyze General Linear Model
Univariate :
Prof Elabbasi
145
Prof Elabbssi
.2 Salary Dependent Variable

Gender Jobcat ). Fixed Factor(s
.3 Model :
.4 Custom Main effects ) Build Term (s

Gender Jobcat Model
Interaction Build Term Gender ,
Jobcat Model Continue
.
.5 Options Descriptive
atatistics Homogeneity tests Continue
.
Prof Elabbasi
146
Prof Elabbssi
: Post Hoc .6
147
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
Scheffe .7
. Equal Variance Assumed
Dunnett,s C .8
Equal Variance Not Assumed
Post Hoc Tests For Jobcat .9
Gender
.
. Continue .10
Univariate Analysis of Variance
.
Between-Subjects Factors
Gender
Employment
Category
Value Label
Female
Male
Clerical
Custodial
f
m
1
2
3
Manager
216
258
363
27
84
Gender
Female
Male
Total
Employment Category
Clerical
Manager
Total
Clerical
Custodial
Manager
Total
Clerical
Custodial
Manager
Total
Mean
$25,003.69
$47,213.50
$26,031.92
$31,558.15
$30,938.89
$66,243.24
$41,441.78
$27,838.54
$30,938.89
$63,977.80
$34,419.57
148
Std. Deviation
$5,812.838
$8,501.253
$7,558.021
$7,997.978
$2,114.616
$18,051.570
$19,499.214
$7,567.995
$2,114.616
$18,244.776
$17,075.661
N
206
10
216
157
27
74
258
363
27
84
474
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
Test of Homogeneity of
Sig. =0.0 Variances
. 0.05
a
Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variances

F
33.383
df1
df2
469
Sig.
.000
Tests the null hypothesis that the error variance of the

dependent variable is equal across groups.
a. Design: Intercept+GENDER+JOBCAT+GENDER
* JOBCAT
Gender
. 0.05 Sig. = 0.0
Jobcat
. 0.05 Sig. = 0.0
Sig. = 0.0
.0.05
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Source
Corrected Model
Intercept
GENDER
JOBCAT
GENDER * JOBCAT
Error
Total
Corrected Total
Type III Sum

of Squares
9.646E+10a
1.773E+11
5247440732
3.232E+10
1247682867
4.146E+10
6.995E+11
1.379E+11
df
4
1
1
2
1
469
474
473
Mean Square
2.411E+10
1.773E+11
5247440732
1.616E+10
1247682867
88401147.44
F
272.780
2005.313
59.359
182.782
14.114
Sig.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
a. R Squared = .699 (Adjusted R Squared = .697)
Jobcat

.
149
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
Post Hoc Tests

Employment Category
Std. Error
$1,875.539
$1,138.387
$1,875.539
$2,080.027
$1,138.387
$2,080.027
$568.679
$2,029.912
$568.679
$2,031.840
$2,029.912
$2,031.840
Sig.
.256
.000
.256
.000
.000
.000
Mean
Difference
(J) Employment Category
)(I-J
Custodial
-$3,100.35
Manager
*-$36,139.26
Clerical
$3,100.35
Manager
*-$33,038.91
Clerical
*$36,139.26
Custodial
*$33,038.91
Custodial
*-$3,100.35
Manager
*-$36,139.26
Clerical
*$3,100.35
Manager
*-$33,038.91
Clerical
*$36,139.26
Custodial
*$33,038.91
(I) Employment Category

Clerical
Scheffe
Custodial
Manager
Clerical
Dunnett C
Custodial
Manager
Based on observed means.

Three Way ANOVA

.

:
: Employee data :
"
" 0.05
:
Prof Elabbasi
150
Prof Elabbssi
.1 Analyze General Linear Model

Univariate :
.2 Salary Dependent Variable

Gender id Jobcat ). Fixed Factor(s
.3 Model :
Prof Elabbasi
151
Prof Elabbssi
.4 Custom Main effects ) Build Term (s

Gender Jobcat id Model
Interaction Build Term
Model Continue
.
.5 Options Descriptive
atatistics Homogeneity tests
Display Means for Continue
.
.6 Post Hoc :
Prof Elabbasi
152
Prof Elabbssi
.7 Scheffe
. Equal Variance Assumed
.8 Dunnett,s C
Equal Variance Not Assumed
.9 Jobcat Post Hoc Tests For

.
.10 Continue . Ok :
Univariate Analysis of Variance
Between-Subjects Factors
N
370
104
216
258
363
27
84
Prof Elabbasi
Value Label
No
Yes
Female
Male
Clerical
Custodial
Manager
0
1
f
m
1
2
3
153
Gender
Employment
Category
Prof Elabbssi
No
Gender
Female
Male
Total
Yes
Female
Male
Total
Total
Female
Male
Total
Employment Category
Clerical
Manager
Total
Clerical
Custodial
Manager
Total
Clerical
Custodial
Manager
Total
Clerical
Total
Clerical
Custodial
Manager
Total
Clerical
Custodial
Manager
Total
Clerical
Manager
Total
Clerical
Custodial
Manager
Total
Clerical
Custodial
Manager
Total
Mean
$25,471.45
$47,213.50
$26,706.79
$32,671.64
$31,178.57
$65,683.57
$44,475.41
$28,341.09
$31,178.57
$63,374.81
$36,023.31
$23,062.50
$23,062.50
$28,952.13
$30,680.77
$76,037.50
$32,246.09
$26,244.25
$30,680.77
$76,037.50
$28,713.94
$25,003.69
$47,213.50
$26,031.92
$31,558.15
$30,938.89
$66,243.24
$41,441.78
$27,838.54
$30,938.89
$63,977.80
$34,419.57
Std. Deviation
$6,092.372
$8,501.253
$8,011.894
$8,578.999
$1,658.743
$18,029.451
$20,330.662
$7,994.659
$1,658.743
$18,164.043
$18,044.096
$3,972.369
$3,972.369
$5,712.419
$2,562.920
$17,821.961
$13,059.881
$5,772.874
$2,562.920
$17,821.961
$11,421.638
$5,812.838
$8,501.253
$7,558.021
$7,997.978
$2,114.616
$18,051.570
$19,499.214
$7,567.995
$2,114.616
$18,244.776
$17,075.661
N
166
10
176
110
14
70
194
276
14
80
370
40
40
47
13
4
64
87
13
4
104
206
10
216
157
27
74
258
363
27
84
474
a
Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variances

F
17.696
df1
8
df2
465
Sig.
.000
Tests the null hypothesis that the error variance of the

dependent variable is equal across groups.
a. Design:
Intercept+MINORITY+GENDER+JOBCAT+MINORITY *
GENDER+GENDER * JOBCAT+MINORITY *
JOBCAT+MINORITY * GENDER * JOBCAT
154
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Source
Corrected Model
Intercept
MINORITY
GENDER
JOBCAT
MINORITY * GENDER
GENDER * JOBCAT
MINORITY * JOBCAT
MINORITY * GENDER
* JOBCAT
Error
Total
Corrected Total
Type III Sum

of Squares
9.751E+10a
1.444E+11
61989119.7
4756876310
2.006E+10
27977363.9
981526336
690053398
df
8
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
Mean Square
1.219E+10
1.444E+11
61989119.66
4756876310
1.003E+10
27977363.93
981526335.9
345026699.0
F
140.251
1661.526
.713
54.737
115.420
.322
11.294
3.970
Sig.
.000
.000
.399
.000
.000
.571
.001
.020
.000
4.041E+10
6.995E+11
1.379E+11
465
474
473
86903667.84
a. R Squared = .707 (Adjusted R Squared = .702)
Estimated Marginal Means

1. Minority Classification
Mean
Std. Error
No
40443.745a
835.531
Yes
39683.224a 1423.737

Lower Bound Upper Bound
38801.861
42085.629
36885.469
42480.979
a. Based on modified population marginal mean.
2. Employment Category
Employment Category
Mean
Std. Error
Clerical
27539.427
577.449
Custodial
30929.670a 1795.293
Manager
62978.190a 1875.508

Lower Bound Upper Bound
26404.695
28674.160
27401.779
34457.562
59292.670
66663.711
a. Based on modified population marginal mean.
155
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
Post Hoc Tests

Employment Category
Scheffe
(I) Employment Category

Clerical
Custodial
Manager
Dunnett C
Clerical
Custodial
Manager
Mean
Difference
(J) Employment Category
(I-J)
Custodial
-$3,100.35
Manager
-$36,139.26*
Clerical
$3,100.35
Manager
-$33,038.91*
Clerical
$36,139.26*
Custodial
$33,038.91*
Custodial
-$3,100.35*
Manager
-$36,139.26*
Clerical
$3,100.35*
Manager
-$33,038.91*
Clerical
$36,139.26*
Custodial
$33,038.91*
Std. Error
$1,859.586
$1,128.703
$1,859.586
$2,062.334
$1,128.703
$2,062.334
$568.679
$2,029.912
$568.679
$2,031.840
$2,029.912
$2,031.840
Sig.
.250
.000
.250
.000
.000
.000
Based on observed means.

156
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
Reliability Coefficient

9
:
:

.
:

) ( r

:
2r
=1 +r
Reliability Coefficient
SPSS

9

.
:

.
.

.
.
Prof Elabbasi
157
Prof Elabbssi

:
/ :
...
) (
)
(.
Prof Elabbasi
158
Prof Elabbssi
)(5
)(4
)(3
)(2
)(1
:
.1
.2
.3
:
.1
.2
.3
.
.
: ) (
.1
.2
.3
.
.
.
: ) (
.1
.2
.3
.
.
.
7 3 :
(1 SPSS
" " .
(2
(3
:

a1, a2, a3 ) ( b1, b2, b3

) ( c1, c2, c3 ) ( d1, d2,d3
) ( :
Prof Elabbasi
159
Prof Elabbssi
av_ a, av_b, av_c, av_d av_total

" " av_odd " . av_even
:
9
av_even , av_odd :
Correlations
AV_TOTAL AV_ODD
1
**.835
.
.003
10
10
**.835
1
.003
.
10
10
AV_TOTAL Pearson Correlation

)Sig. (2-tailed
N
AV_ODD
Pearson Correlation
)Sig. (2-tailed
N
Prof Elabbasi
160
Prof Elabbssi
0.835

2 0.835
=
=0.91
1+ 0.835
.
9
: :
Analyze Scale Reliability

Analysis :
Items
12 ). ( d3a1,a2,
Model
. Alpha
Statistics :
Prof Elabbasi
161
Prof Elabbssi
Scale if item deleted

.
Continue .
Ok :
Reliability
****** ****** Method 1 (space saver) will be used for this analysis
S C A L E
A N A L Y S I S
R E L I A B I L I T Y
Item-total Statistics
Alpha
if Item
Deleted
Corrected
ItemTotal
Correlation
Scale
Variance
if Item
Deleted
Scale
Mean
if Item
Deleted
.7036
.7428
.7128
.6561
.7812
.7542
.7117
.7166
.7016
.6816
.6467
.6723
.4322
-.0936
.3496
.7099
-.3996
.0226
.3614
.3424
.4296
.5555
.7480
.6850
53.1556
62.1000
53.1556
45.1556
67.1222
59.3444
54.2667
50.7222
50.7667
47.8778
43.6556
49.1222
40.6000
39.9000
40.6000
40.4000
40.3000
40.7000
40.6000
41.5000
40.9000
41.1000
41.1000
40.7000
A1
A2
A3
B1
B2
B3
C1
C2
C3
D1
D2
D3
Reliability Coefficients
10.0
N of Items = 12
= N of Cases
.7288
= Alpha
Alpha 0.7288
.
) ( Corrected itemtotal Correlation
0.19

a2, b2, b3

0.8198
Prof Elabbasi
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Prof Elabbssi
Reliability
****** Method 1 (space saver) will be used for this analysis ******
R E L I A B I L I T Y
A N A L Y S I S
S C A L E
(A L P H A)
Item-total Statistics
Scale
Mean
if Item
Deleted
28.3000
28.3000
28.1000
28.3000
29.2000
28.6000
28.8000
28.8000
28.4000
A1
A3
B1
C1
C2
C3
D1
D2
D3
Scale
Variance
if Item
Deleted
56.4556
55.5667
49.2111
55.1222
53.9556
50.4889
48.8444
45.2889
51.1556
Corrected
ItemTotal
Correlation
.3725
.3464
.6056
.4561
.3019
.5672
.6234
.7755
.6994
Reliability Coefficients
N of Cases =
10.0
Alpha =
N of Items =
Alpha
if Item
Deleted
.8169
.8209
.7906
.8091
.8331
.7958
.7882
.7660
.7844
.8198
9
:
Correlations
Correlations
AV_A
AV_A
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
AV_B
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
AV_C
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
AV_D
Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
AV_TOTAL Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1
.
10
.442
.201
10
.137
.706
10
.350
.322
10
.603
.065
10
AV_B
.442
.201
10
1
.
10
.023
.949
10
.259
.470
10
.526
.118
10
AV_C
.137
.706
10
.023
.949
10
1
.
10
.658*
.039
10
.735*
.015
10
AV_D
AV_TOTAL
.350
.603
.322
.065
10
10
.259
.526
.470
.118
10
10
.658*
.735*
.039
.015
10
10
1
.882**
.
.001
10
10
.882**
1
.001
.
10
10
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

.

.
163
Prof Elabbasi
Prof Elabbssi
)" :(1965 " .

) :(1993 " .
)" :(2008 - "SPSSWIN
.
)":(1985 : "
.
)" :(2010 "SPSS FOR BEGINNER -.

)" :(2009 " -.
) " :(2008 "AMOS -.
)" :(2002 "SPSS
.
) " :(1994 " -.
)" :(1996 :
.
Aitkin, M., Anderson, D. A., Francis, B. and Hinde, J. P. (1989). Statistical Modeling
in GLIM, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Anderson, T.W, (1984), An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis (2nd) New
York John Wiley.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1989). On the use of structural equation models in experimental
design. Journal of Marketing Research , 26 , 271-284.
Cronbach, L. J. (2004). My current thoughts on Coefficient Alpha and successor
procedures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64, 391-418.
Dobson, A. J. (1990). An Introduction to Generalized Linear Models, Chapman and Hall,
London.
Draper, N.R. and H. Smith (1981). Applied Regression Analysis, Second Edition, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Johnson, Richard A. and W. Wichern, (1996). Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis
(4th), New York Partice-Hel international.
Ostle, B., & Malone, L. C. (1988). Statistics in research: Basic concepts and techniques
for research workers (4th ed.). Ames, IA: Iowa State Press.
Stevens, J. (1986). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Hillsdale, NJ:
Erlbaum.
Prof Elabbasi
94
Statistical Functions
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Prof Elabbssi
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Prof Elabbasi

SPSS Int

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

Edit Options Currency All Values

: Value (Value Label

Target Variable sum1 .

Numeric Expression q1+q2+q3

sum(q1,q2,q3) Expression ) sum(q1 to q3

) .. (Compute Variable .. mean

Include if case satisfied condition:

Continue Compute Variable

Data Select Cases

Select Cases Unselected Cases

(Not Selected "

Deleted Unselected Cases :

- Data Select Cases Select Cases

Random sample of cases Select

Based on time or case range :

3 First Cases 7 Last Cases

Edit Past Variable

Number of new variables New variable

.2 Save In " "

SPSS*.sav Save as type .

.4 SPSS Exit SPSS . File

.1 File Open Data .

Exporting and Importing

.1 SPSS Excel Save As

.2 Save as type Excel *.xls

Excel "" File

.1 SPSS Open File

" _ " "

Summaries for groups of Data in Chart Are .3

.5 Bars Represent Other summary function

.13 Close File :

.4 " _ " " _ " Bars

in chart are Summaries of separate variable Define

" _ " " _

)(Clustered Bar Charts

Data in Chart Are Clustered .2

Define Summaries for groups of cases

.3 " _ " Variable " "

Category Axis " " Define

.1 ) (Data Editor "

.3 Simple Data in Chart Are Values of

individual cases Define :

.4 : " Bar Represent

Gategory Lables Variable "

Chart Windows . Chart Carousel

Define Values of individual cases .3

.4 " " Slices Represent

Variable Slice Labels "

"_ " Y Axis

.5 Total File Options

.6 Linear regression Continue OK

.1 Analyze Report OLAP Cubes

.2 ) Summary Variable(s " _"

" _ " )Grouping Variable (s

" " " " .

Standard Deviation Minimum

Maximum Sum Number of Cases

Cell Statistics Continue

Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum

" " " 5 "

Analyze Descriptive Statistics

.2 " " ) Row(s " "