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Cam Bien Do Bien Dang PDF
Cam Bien Do Bien Dang PDF
Bin dng : l t s gia bin thin kch thc (l) v kch thc ban u (l).
l
l
(5.1)
1 F 1
=
YS Y
(5.2)
F - lc tc dng, kG.
S - tit din chu lc. mm2.
- ng lc, =F/S.
n v o moun Young l kG/mm2. Moun Young ca thp ~ 18.000 29.000 kG/mm2.
-
dng.
= ||
(5.3)
- 90 -
b)
a)
Bng 5.1
Hp kim
Thnh phn
H s u o K
Constantan
45%Ni, 55%Cu
2,1
Isoelastic
3,5
Karma
2,1
Nicrome V
80%Ni, 20%Cr
2,5
92%Pt, 8%W
4,1
6
7
l
S
(5.4)
Bin dng dc l ca dy ko theo bin dng ngang ca tit din, quan h gia bin
dng ngang v bin dng dc c dng:
a b d
l
=
=
=
a
b
d
l
V
=C
- 92 -
C - hng s Bridman.
V - th tch dy.
V V = S.l, ta c:
V
l
= (1 2)
V
l
V:
l
= C (1 2)
Vy ta c:
R
l
l
= {(1 + 2 ) + C (1 2 )} = K.
R
l
l
(5.5)
(5.6)
5.2.2. Cc c trng ch yu
-
vonfram K = 4,1.
i do quan h tuyn tnh gia in tr v bin dng. Ngoi gii hn n hi, khi
l/l > 0,5% - 20% tu theo vt liu, h s u o K 2.
K (T ) = K 0 {1 + K (T T0 )}
(5.7)
bng R = RL + Rt. Trong qu trnh bin dng cc on ngang cng b bin dng, Rt
thay i cng lm cho R thay i. Tuy nhin do Rt << RL, nh hng ca bin dng
ngang cng khng ln.
5.3. Cm bin p tr silic
5.3.1. Cu to v nguyn l hot ng
P
N
P
N
N
Si-N
Si-P
R
l
S
l
= = Y
(5.8)
K = 1 + 2 + Y
(5.9)
v h s u o:
Thng thng K = 100 - 200.
5.3.2. Cc c trng ch yu
1
q ( n n + p p )
(cm)
(cm)
n, p - linh ng ca in t v l trng.
7
6
1014
10-1
5
4
1016
10-2
101
1020
10-3
1014
1015
1016
-100
400
500
- 95 -
ToC
in tr c gi tr m v khng
240
200
180
- H s u o K:
160
120
80
5.1018
1017/cm3
3.1019
1020
40
400
500 600
ToC
dng:
K = K1 + K 2 + K 2 2
v
f
(5.10)
Y
1
.
d (1 + )(1 2 )
v=
Y - l mun Young.
- h s poisson.
d - trng lng ring vt liu ch to dy.
Vy tn s cc i fmax ca dao ng khi chiu di nhnh ca u o l l bng:
fmax =
v
10.l
5.4.2. Gii hn mi
nh p, cu, ng hm ...
Cu to ca ng sut k dy rung gm mt dy thp cng gia hai gi gn vo
cu trc cn nghin cu bin dng. Khi c bin dng, s cng c hc ca dy ko
theo s thay i tn s dao ng N ca dy, bng cch o tn s dao ng ca dy
c th bit c ln ca bin dng.
Tn s dao ng ca si dy xc nh theo cng thc:
N=
1 F
2 l Sd
(5.11)
(5.12)
- 97 -
Do tn s dao ng ca dy:
N=
1 Y l
2l d l
Suy ra:
l 4 l 2 d 2
=
N = K.N 2
l
Y
(5.13)
l
= K N 12 N 02
l
(5.14)
- 98 -